
Class. 

Book 



ftOPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



A 



PRONOUNCING AND DEFINING 



/r?6 



DICTIONARY 



THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 



ABRIDGED FROM 



WEBSTER'S AMERICAN DICTIONARY; 



WITH NUMEROUS SYNONYMS, CAREFULLY DISCRIMINATED. 



BY CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, D.D., 

Professor in Yale College. 

TO WHICH ARE ADDED, 

WALKER'S KEY 

TO THE 

PRONUNCIATION OF CLASSICAL AND SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES ; 

A VOCABULARY OF 

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ; PHRASES AND QUOTATIONS FROM THE ANCIENT AND 
MODERN LANGUAGES ; ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING, PRINTING, &C, &C. 




J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., 

No. 20 North Fourth Street, f? r 

PHILADELPHIA. 
1856. 







Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty- 
six, by Emily E. Ellsworth, Julia W. Goodrich, Eliza S. W. Jones, William G. 
Webster, and Louisa Webster, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District 
of Connecticut. 



PREFACE. 



This volume, while adapted to all the purposes of a medium-sized English Dic- 
tionary, has a specific end and object. It has been framed expressly for the benefit 
of those who are cultivating English Composition on a broad scale, and are desir- 
ous to gain an exact knowledge of our language, and a ready command of its varied 
forms of expression. Thousands in our higher seats of learning, and among those 
who devote their time to self-improvement in the intervals of active life, as well as 
those who are called to the habitual use of the pen in correspondence or otherwise, 
have felt the want of such a volume — moderate in price and easy to be handled — 
which might lie constantly before them while engaged in the business of composi- 
tion. How far the present work will supply this want may be seen from the follow- 
ing statement of the principles on which it has been framed : 

I. The Vocabulary has been pruned of obsolete and useless words, which serve 
only to encumber the pages and enhance the price of such a volume ; while the great 
body of the language in actual use has been carefully retained, and many hundreds 
of new words added in various departments of science, literature, and art. 

II. The space thus gained is devoted to the Definitions. In this respect, the two 
larger editions of Webster's Dictionary have stood unrivaled in the public estima- 
tion ; and the attempt is here made to carry the exactness of Webster's definitions 
into an abridged Dictionary, on a scale never before known in a volume of this size. 
The most important words are (to a great extent) defined, not by a mere array of 
synonyms, but in short descriptive sentences or clauses, after the manner of the 
larger works, designed to fix and ascertain the meaning in clear and precise terms. 

III. To words thus defined, Synonymous terms are added in thousands of cases. 
This was a leading feature in the Royal Octavo edition of Webster, and is now in- 
troduced for the first time into a work of this size. The object is, after giving a 
clear conception of the peculiar import of a word, to bring others into view which 
have the same general signification, thus opening a wide range to a writer for select- 
ing the most appropriate terms, and aiding him to acquire a varied and expressive 
diction. 

IV. Synonymous words are carefully discriminated in numerous instances. This 
feature was first introduced into a general Dictionary by Barclay, though in a very 
imperfect manner. Dr. Webster, in many cases, made discriminations of this kind 
with uncommon felicity in his large work ; and the same plan is here carried out and 
applied to about eighteen hundred of the most important words in our language. 
The distinctive meaning of each is more or less clearly drawn out ; a comparison is 
made between them, showing the points of difference ; and in most cases, brief illus- 
trations are added, which are useful and appropriate when connected with a previous 
explanation, but commonly futile or deceptive without it. More than six hundred 
distinct articles are devoted to discriminations of this kind, being a larger number 
than is contained in any similar work in our language with the exception of Crabbe. 
One great object of these discriminations, besides affording aid in the exact use of 
terms, has been to awaken in young writers a desire for making similar distinc- 
tions themselves. Nothing could be more useful as a discipline of their mental 
powers, nothing more adapted to fix indelibly in their minds the true meaning of the 
terms they use, than to take up an exercise of this kind in a systematic manner and 
on a broad scale. To aid in this, a list is given of nearly all the words here discrim- 
inated. Let the teacher select a series of exercises for a class of advanced pupils 
— let those who are engaged in self-culture do it for themselves ; and let the rule 
be, that the young writer shall first endeavor to distinguish for himself between the 
words selected ; that he then turn to the discriminations here made, and bring them 



iv PREFACE. 

to the test of his own observation ; and that he close by framing short sentences, in 
which the words discriminated are each of them used in their peculiar and appro- 
priate sense. " The great source of a loose style," says Dr. Blair, " is the injudi- 
cious use of synonymous terms ;" the great remedy lies in some course of exercises 
like the one here proposed. 

In making these discriminations, another object has been kept in view, viz., that 
of showing the difference of usage, in respect to certain words, between the United 
States and England. In some cases, as that of bank bill, it is impossible for us to 
go back to the usage of the mother country ; but in others of a more recent origin, 
as that of depot for station-house, it is not too late, and there is at present a tendency 
in that direction. Instances of this kind are given in respect to the use of balance 
for remainder ; of appreciate for rise in value ; of the phrase "over one's signature, 
name," &c, for "under one's signature," &c. Others of a similar nature may be 
found by examining the List of Synonymous Words. 

V. Great care has been bestowed on the subject of pronunciation, Upon certain 
disputed topics, teachers and orthoepists have been consulted in different parts of our 
country, and a correspondence has been opened with the veteran orthoepist of En- 
gland, B. H. Smart, Esq., who has devoted more than forty years to the study of this 
subject. While, upon one leading point, both of our great lexicographers, Webster 
and Worcester, differ from Mr. Smart, Worcester has truly said, " Of all the success- 
ors of Walker, Smart appears to have given the most careful and discriminating at- 
tention to the subject, and he may therefore be regarded as the best single authority 
for present usage." The results of this correspondence will be given in the " Prin- 
ciples of Pronunciation and Remarks on the Key ;" and the writer would take this 
opportunity to make a public acknowledgment to Mr. Smart for his kind attention 
to the " queries" which were sent him. 

VI. The Orthography, in disputed cases, is given, to a great extent, both ways, 
though with a clear indication of the form to be preferred on the principles of Dr. 
Webster. His peculiarities in this respect, as introduced into the Revised Edition 
of his Dictionary, extend only to a few limited classes of words. In every instance, 
the form preferred has been sanctioned by distinguished English grammarians and 
orthoepists, such as Lowth, Walker, Perry, etc. The sole object has been to main- 
tain and carry out the acknowledged analogies of our language ; and the friends of 
Dr. Webster have reason to be highly gratified with the extent — already so wide 
and so rapidly increasing — to which his principles of orthography have been adopted 
by the American public. 

VII. An Appendix is added, containing, 

l: Walker's Key to the Pronunciation of Classical and Scripture Proper Names, 
revised and improved by Professor Thacher, of Yale College, and others who have 
been thoroughly conversant with these subjects. 

2. A Vocabulary of Modern Geographical Names, prepared expressly for this 
work by Joseph Thomas, M.D., whose distinguished success as editor of Lippin- 
cott's Pronouncing Gazetteer gives the best possible pledge of accuracy in this most 
difficult department of literary effort. 

3. Tables giving a full account of the abbreviations used in writing and printing. 

4. A collection of Latin, French, and Italian words and phrases of frequent occur- 
rence, with translations of the same. 

5. An account of the principal Deities and Heroes of Antiquity. 

The whole is designed to form a complete book of reference for the use of all who 
consult a work of this nature. 

The writer would only add, that, in consequence of ill health, he has been obliged 
to rely in part upon others for assistance in carrying through this work. He has 
been indebted to the Rev. E. Goodrich Smith and the Rev. Chester Lyman for 
important aid in making the abridgment and enriching the definitions of many words. 
To his brother, William G. Webster, Esq., his obligations are more varied, extend- 
ing to almost every department of the work. Mr. Webster's intimate acquaintance 
with his father's views has made his counsel and co-operation of great value in the 
present case, as in the revision of the quarto and royal octavo Dictionaries in 1847. 
Yale College, September, 1856. 



CONTENTS. 



Poze 

Key to Pronunciation vi 

Remarks on the Key vii 

Vowels vii 

Accented Syllables vii 

Diphthongs x 

Unaccented Syllables x 

Silent Vowels xi 

Consonants xii 

Accent xiii 

Divided Usage xiii 

Dissyllables xiii 

Trisyllables and Polysyllables xiv 

Orthography xv 

Remarks on Orthography xv 

Synonymous Words Discriminated xvi 

Key to Pronunciation » xxiv 

DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE i 



APPENDIX. 



Pronunciation of Greek and Latin Proper Names 525 

Eemarks on Prorihnciation 5j5 

Vocabulary of G-eeee: and Latin Peoper Names 5 5 

Pronunciation of Scripture Proper Names 556 

Remarks 55G 

Vocabulary of Scripture Peoper Names 553 

Pronunciation of Modern Geographical Names 569 

Pronunciation of the principal Continental European Languages 569 

Observations necessary to be kept in mind 571 

Proverbs and Phrases from the Latin 593 

Words and Phrases from the French, Italian, &c 599 

Mottoes of the several States of the Union 602 

Abbreviations in Writing and Printing 603 

A concise Account of the Heathen Deities, Heroes, &c 605 



KEY 

TO THE SOUNDS OF THE POINTED LETTERS. 



VOWELS. 
Regular Long and Short Sounds. 



Long. — a a, as in fame; e e, as in mete; i I, as in fine; o o, as in note; 00 [Ger. U], as in moon; 

u ii, as in mute ; Y y, as in fly. 
Short — a a, as in fat; E e, as in met; I i, as in fin; o o, as in not; OO oo (short oo), as in foot; u u, 

as in but ; Y y, as in any. 



Regular Diphthongal Sounds. 

Proper Diphthong 01 or OY (unmarked), as in toil, join, foil, boy, coy, toy. 

Proper Diphthong OW (unmarked), as in now, plow. [When irregular, the sound is marked, as in 
tow, SOU}.'] 

Proper Diphthong OU (unmarked), as in pound. [When irregular, the word is respelled, as in route 
(root).] 

Improper Diphthongs. In these, the vowel which is sounded is marked, as in dim, clean, ceil, people 
(but this is unnecessary in respect to ee, as in feel). Often they are respelled. So also of triph- 
thongs. 



Occasional Vowel Sounds, 



Examples. 

A as in care Air, shark, pair, bear. 

a Italian Father, far, balm, path. 

a as in last ask, grass, dance, branch. 

A as in all Call, talk, haul, swarm. 

A as in what Wan, wanton, wallow. 

E like a There, nsra, where, ere. 

e as in term Verge, verdure, prefer. 

i' like long e Pique, machine, mien. 

i as in bird Firm, vIrgin, dirt. 



Examples. 

6 like short u Dove, son, done, worm. 

o like long oo Prove, do, move, tomb. 

O like short oo Wolf, wolsey. 

00 (short oo) Foot, book, wool, wood. 

u long, preceded by r.RuDE, rumor, rural. 
U like oo (short oo). . .Bull, put, push, pull. 



CONSONANTS. 



Examples. 
C c soft (unmarked), like s sharp Cede, mercy. 

C « hard, like k Call, carry. 

CH ch (unmarked), like tsh Child, choose. 

CH ch soft, like sh Machine, chaise. 

CH €h hard, like k Chorus, epoch. 

G- g hard (unmarked) Go, gallant. 

o g soft, like j gentle, aged. 

S s sharp (unmarked) Same, gas. 

Ssso/£,likez Has, amose. 



Examples. 
TH th sharp (unmarked) ...Thing, path. 

TH th flat or vocal Thine, their." 

N G like ng Lon g ger, con g gress. 

PH like/ (unmarked) Phaeton, sylph. 

QU like kiu (unmarked) Queen, inquiry. 

WH like hw (unmarked) .. .When, while. 

%* The double accent ["], in such words as vi"- 

cious, fictitious, &c, shows that the subsequent 

c or t has the sound of sh. 



PEINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION, 

WITH 

REMARKS ON THE KEY.* 



VOWELS. 



Accented Syllables. 
§ 1. Every accented syllable has its vowels marked 
with the pointed letters of the Key. These will now 
be considered under three heads, viz., their long, 
their short, and their occasional sounds. 

Letter A. 

§ 2. Regular long sound, marked A 5, as in day, 
aim, &c. ; heard also in pain, break, veil, inveigh, 
whey, &c. 

Note. — This vowel is in most cases diphthongal, 
having a slight "vanish" in e annexed to its "rad- 
ical 1 ' or initial sound, as in pay, where the y repre- 
sents the vanish. 

§ 3. Regular short sound, marked a a, as in at, 
carry, tariff; heard also in plaid, bade, raillery, &c. 

Note. — This is a distinct element from the long a. 
Its regular sound is exceedingly short and close, so 
that Smart says, in speaking of our word fat, "It 
has even a narrower sound than the French word 
fat (a coxcomb) in the mouth of a Parisian. Per- 
haps in no language but our own is there that com- 
plete shutting or stopz>age of the sound at the mo- 
ment of its utterance." 

Occasional Sounds op A. 

§ 4. Sound of a before r in such words as care, 
fair, parent, marked a a. The letter e has the 
same sound in a few words, such as there, where, 
their, heir, &c. 

Two errors in opposite extremes are here to be 
avoided : (1.) That of the vulgar, who pronounce 
where, whar ; bear, bar ; careful, car'ful, &c. ; (2.) 
That of some among the educated classes, who pro- 
nounce pair, parent, &c, as if spelt pay'er, pay'- 
rent, &c. As to the last error, Mr. Smart remarks 
in a private letter, " This is not English pronunci- 
ation; it is a peculiarity of the Scotch," and we 
may add, of the Irish also. It will be adverted to 
again in describing the true sound. 

Some have considered the a in care as a distinct el- 
ement, corresponding substantially to the e grave of 
the French. This correspondence is maintained by 
the French orthoepists, who say that our word mare 
has the same sound (except that we do not roll the 
r) with their word mere ; our word pair with their 
word pere; our word share with their word chere. 
Smart says, in the communication referred to, that 
an Englishman does pronounce these words exactly 
alike; but "aParisian's way of sounding^ere, mere, 
&c, in some degree resembles the Scottish way of 
sounding parent," alluded to above. In other 
words, the sound of a in care, pair, &c, is rather 
more open (in his view) than that of e grave in the 
mouth of a Parisian. 

Smart, however, does not admit the sound in 
question to be a distinct element ; he maintains that 
it is truly our long a in fame, and owes all its pe- 
culiarity to the subsequent r. Such, also, is the 
statement of Dr. Webster and most English ortho- 
epists. The sound of r in these words is what 

Smart calls a "guttural vibration" (see § 69) a 

sound which he represents by ur, and Dr. Webster 
by er. In care we touch lightly on the a sound 
(the radical alone without the "vanish," see §2), and 



then pass fully and strongly into the guttural vibra- 
tion (ciiur or caer), drawing the two as closely as pos- 
sible into the same syllable — so closely that Smart 
(not aiming at philosophical exactness) speaks of 
the r as actually blending with the previous vow- 
el. In like manner, parent is sounded pdur'ent or 
pder'ent; and fairy has the sound of fd'er-y, as the 
word was actually spelt by Spenser in the title of his 
"Faery Queen." It is important, however, not to 
dwell so long on the a as to produce the Scottish 
peculiarity ot'pay'rent, mentioned above. The true 
sound arising from the combination of the two is 
(in consequence of the opening power of the r) a 
decidedly open or broad one.t Smart refers also 
with approbation to another mode of identifying 
the sound in question, viz., that of prolonging our 
short e before r. Thus, ther (with the e as in then), 
drawn out into long quantity, gives us there; and 
er (the first syllable in error) gives us ere or e'er 
(are), as heard in whene'er. Here, again, the cau- 
tion will bear to be repeated, not to dwell too long 
on the slender sound of the vowel.t Thus, in the 
view here presented, the initial sound should al- 
ways be that of a in fame (the radical without the 
" vanish," see § 2), though the final impression upon 
the ear is that of an open or broad sound, in conse- 
quence of the " opening power" of the r. 

Some, however, especially in New England, give 
these words a slightly different sound, viz., that of 
our short a before the r, as in air, pronounced der, 
with a somewhat lengthened sound of the d. So 
harry, with the first syllable protracted, gives us 
hairy. This sound is rather more open than the 
one mentioned above, and is apt, in the mouth of 
our common people, to become too broad and coarse. 
If well executed, however, it is scarcely at all infe- 
rior to the other in smoothness and grace. It is 
frequently heard among the well-educated in En- 
gland ; there is a tendency in many to intermingle 
the two, and it often requires a nice ear to determ- 
ine which is used. Dr. Webster, who adopted the 
former in his own practice, once remarked to the 
writer, that he regarded the difference as unim- 
portant, provided the New England sound be given 
without coarseness or undue breadth. Those who 
attempt to unlearn it, and adopt the other sound, 
need one caution: they almost uniformly go too 
far, and fall into the peculiarity of the Scotch, so 
pointedly condemned by Smart. 

§ 5. Sound of the Italian a, marked X a, as in ah, 
far, father ; heard also in heart, hearth, aunt, 
haunch, path, psalm, are, and gape — though the 
last word has, of late, been extensively pronounced 
gape in England, and is so marked by Smart, Boag, 
and other recent lexicographers. 

Note.— This was originally the leading a of the 
English tongue, as it still is of most others. The 
loss of it to so great an extent has been an injury to 
our language, and any further exclusion of it is 



t Many accurate speakers pronounce the o in parent with 
rather more 9lenderness of sound than in pair, while they care- 
fully avoid the Scottish extreme of ^ay-rent. So also in tram- 
parent, and some other words. 

t Many pronounce there, &c, with a sound rather more 
slender than they give to pair, being the same sound with that 
of parent, mentioned in the preceding note. 



IhfcKo^ 



KEMARKS ON THE KEY. 



therefore undesirable. Hence the tendency to pro- 
nounce the word hearth, hurth, ought to be re- 
pressed. 

§ 6. Sound of a in certain words (chiefly monosyl- 
lables) ending in ff, ft, ss, st, sk, sp, with a few in 
nee and nt, marked A a, as in staff, graft, pass, last, 
ask, gasp, chance, chant, &c. 

Note. — Down to the close of the last century, 
words of this class were universally pronounced 
with the full Italian a. Some, especially among 
the vulgar, gave this too broadly or with a kind of 
drawl (as pass like parse, fast like farst), so that 
Walker, disgusted by this abuse, and having a prej- 
udice against intermediate sounds, marked all such 
words in his dictionary with the sound of short a, 
giving past the sound of pat, staff of Stdffa (the 
island), &c. It will not be surprising, if we advert 
to Smart's remarks on the extreme shortness and 
narrowness of this sound (see § 3), that this change 
was strongly condemned by the orthoepists. Jones 
declared it to be " a mincing affectation ;" and Mit- 
ford said, "No English tongue fails to express, no 
English ear to perceive, the difference between the 
sound of a in passing and in passive. No colloqui- 
al familiarity will substitute the one for the other." 
Still, the high character of Walker, and the in- 
creasing disgust for every thing like a drawl in 
speaking, gave currency to the change. It pre- 
vailed in London, and in some of the larger cities of 
America, until there sprung up on both sides of the 
Atlantic, what Smart has called a "new school" and 
an "old school" on this subject. The extreme 
shortness of the a, as marked by Walker, was still 
objected to ; and Smart, in the first edition of his 
dictionary, published in 1836, censured Walker on 
this account, saying, "He allows no compromise 
between the broad Italian a, with which a vulgar 
mouth pronounces ass, and the sound narrower (if 
possible) than the a in at, with which an affected 
speaker minces the same word." He therefore 
spoke of a "medium sound" of the a in words of 
this class, saying, " We are apt, even in London, 
to give a slight prolongation to the vowel (a), which 
would, in other cases, be quite rustic." This pro- 
longation has passed into America, and is now heard 
extensively among the followers of Walker in this 
country. It is a kind of drawl on the a in such 
words as last, past, fast, &c. Smart states, how- 
ever, in a recent letter, that in England this pro- 
longation is now wholly laid aside. " Custom with 
us," he remarks, "is much changed. It is no lon- 
ger affectation to say ass — and grant, graft, &c, 
at present indicate the pronunciation of well-edu- 
cated London people under 65 or 60 years of age." 
In other words, Walker's extreme short sound of 
staff, like Staffa, and pass, like passive, is now 
adopted by Londoners as the true and only proper 
sound.* 

The change introduced by Walker never had any 
great currency in this country, except in a few large 
cities and places immediately affected by their in- 
fluence. Our leading lexicographers, Webster and 
Worcester, declared against it. Many who were 
taught it in childhood have since laid it aside ; and 
there is an increasing disposition among our teach- 
ers and literary men to unite on some intermediate 
sound between the entire broadness of the a in fa- 
tlier, and the narrowness of the a in fat. That of 
Smart (mentioned above as now disused) was inter- 
mediate in quantity ; and so also is another, which 
Fulton and Knight have introduced into their dic- 
tionary, viz., a shortened sound of the Italian a. 
They give the word "lard" as an example of the 
long Italian sound (as in father, &c), and "last" 
of their short Italian sound ; and mark with the lat- 



* It also appears from Mr. Smart's letter that when he 
Bpoke of the above-mentioned prolongation as a " medium 
sound" between the broad Italian a and the short a in at, he 
referred simply to its quantity, the sound being the same in 
quality with that of short a, and simply a " prolongation" 
thereof. 



ter the entire class of words now under considera- 
tion, such as staff, graft, pass, last, ask, gasp, and a 
few words in nee and nt, as dance and' chant. In 
this way they guard against that undue prolonga- 
tion of the a which offended Walker, and still re- 
tain in use one of the finest sounds of our lan- 
guage. This is the sound recommended in this vol- 
ume, and marked A a. Some might possibly pre- 
fer one a little less open, verging slightly more to- 
ward that of a in an; and there is certainly room 
here for a diversity of taste and practice among 
those who agree in the main point of rejecting the 
extreme shortness of Walker's sound. If it be pro- 
posed, however, to give these words a sound inter- 
mediate in quality between the Italian a and our 
short a, one thing is important to be considered. 
Mr. Smart states, in answer to an inquiry on the 
subject, that although he can exemplify such a 
sound, he is not aware that any thing of the kind is 
used among the educated classes in England. The 
only alternative there seems to be between the Ital- 
ian a and the extreme short souDd of Walker; and 
it is natural and desirable that those among us who 
reject the latter, should adopt the same sound with 
those who led the way in that rejection upon the 
other side of the Atlantic. Any one who heard the 
lectures of Mr. Thackeray during his late visit to 
this country, and noticed his pronunciation with 
reference to this subject, must have been struck 
with the definite sound of the Italian a which he 
gave to all words of this class. He even gave that 
sound in the word ansicer, which, though common 
in England, is rare in America. A gentleman who 
held for many years a high diplomatic station at 
the court of St. James, told the writer that, except 
among Londoners, he almost uniformly heard the 
Italian a in such cases, especially among the officers 
of government, and the nobility and gentry with 
whom he was led to associate. Such, also, is said 
by members of Oxford and Cambridge to be the 
case now at those universities; and some of the most 
eminent preachers of the kingdom, such as the 
Bishop of Oxford (Wilberforce) and others, have 
been mentioned in confirmation of this remark. 
It is for such reasons that the words in question are 
here marked with a shortened sound of the Italian 
a, in accordance with the views and practice of Dr. 
Webster. 

§ 7. Sound of broad a, marked A a, as in awe, 
call; heard also in naught, taught, groat, &c. 
"Note. — This has sometimes been ca'iled the Ger- 
man a, but is a broader sound, and is formed at a 
lower point toward the root of the tongue. It has 
a number of shorter sounds differing from it, not 
in quality, but in quantity, which will be mention- 
ed in subsequent sections. 

§ 8. Short sound of broad a, marked A a, as in 
what, wallow, wash, &c. 

Note.— This is the extreme short sound of broad 
a, and coincides with the o in not. There is an in- 
termediate sound of this a, as heard in salt, al- 
though, &c, which is neither so long as that in awe, 
nor so short as that in what, coinciding with the 
sound of o in nor. No distinctive mark is necessa- 
ry to indicate this sound. 

§ 9. Etjle. — Words beginning in alt, like alter- 
nate, &c, have the a short if derived from the Latin 
alter, as alternate, altercation, &c. ; otherwise they 
have the a broad, as in altar, alteration, &c. 

Letter E. 
§ 10. Regular long sound, marked E e, as in me, 
scheme, &c. ; heard also in beard, field, leisure, &c. 

§ 11. Regular short sound, marked E e, as in met, 
merry ; heard also in feather, heifer, leopard, &c. 

Note. — This is not a short sound of the long e. 
It has usually been considered as the shut or ex- 
treme short sound of the a in fame; but Dr. Rush 
regards it as a distinct elementary sound. 



REMARKS ON THE KEY. 



IX 



Occasional Sounds of E. 

§ 12. Sound of e like a (as in care, fair, bear, &c), 
marked £ e, as in there, their, heir, where, ere, 
e'er, whene'er, &c. This, as stated in § 4, is the 
same sound with that of a in care. For a full exhi- 
bition of the subject, see that section. 

Note. — "When there is an adverb of place, it 
should take this sound fully and distinctly, as, "I 
shall be there''' (there). When it serves merely to 
introduce a verb or sentence, it should be uttered 
lightly, with the sound of ther (see § 13), as, " There 
(ther) is no difficulty in the case." 

In like manner, their, when emphatic, should take 
the full sound, as, '■'■Their (their) interests, and not 
yours, are to be consulted." When unemphatic, 
their should take the lighter sound, as, "They will 
not neglect their (ther) interests." 

§ 18. Sound of short e before r, verging toward 
short u, marked E e, as in her, term, verge, prefer. 

Note. — The case here contemplated is that of er 
at the end of a word (as in her, defer), or followed 
by some other consonant besides r (as in term, 
nerve, mercy, maternal). 

Uncultivated speakers give the e in such words 
the full sound of short u, as murcy for mercy, turm 
for term, &c. In a correct pronunciation, the or- 
gans are placed in a position for forming the short 
e, and then open instantly (as the sound begins to 
form) into the short u, thus making (as Smart ob- 
serves) "a compromise between the two." 

It is a vulgarism of New England, and also the 
error of some fashionable speakers, to prolong the 
e into a, as airth for earth, tairm for term. The full 
sound of the short u would be less offensive. 

Letter I. 
§ 14. Eegular long sound, marked 1 1, as in pine, 
isle ; heard also in height, aisle, oblige, microscope. 

§ 15. Regular short sound, marked I i, as in pin, 
pit ; heard also in sieve, since, been (bin), &c. 

Note. — This is not a short sound of long i. Many 
have considered it as the shut or extreme short 
sound of long e, but Dr. Rush truly states that it is 
a distinct element. 

Occasional Sounds op I. 

§ 16. Sound of i like that of long e, marked 1 i', as 
in marine, mien, machine, &c. 

Note — This is appropriately the sound of the 
French i, and most words which take it in English 
are from that language. 

§ 17. Sound of short i before r, verging toward u, 
marked i i, as in bird, virgin, &c. 

Note. — I, in this case, is sounded by uncultiva- 
ted speakers like short u, as vurgin for virgin. It 
ought to commence with a very slight sound of 
short e, and then pass into that of short u. The ob- 
servations made under § 18 as to short e in words 
like term, &c, apply fully to this sound of the i. 

Letter O. 

§ 18. Regular long sound, marked o o, as in oh, 
no, dome ; heard also in roam, course, yeoman, roll, 
port, door, &c. 

Note.— This sound of o is diphthongal, having a 
slight il vanish" in oo annexed to the "radical" or 
initial sound, as in below, where the w represents 
the " vanish." This vanish is omitted in unaccent- 
ed syllables, as o-pin'ion, to-bac'co, &c, but ought 
not to be omitted elsewhere. This last remark is 
important as bearing on a very prevalent error which 
will be mentioned in the next section. 

§ 19. Our long o in such words as bolt, colt, dolt, 
revolt, revolter, &c, is not quite so much protract- 
ed (owing to the effect of the t) as in hold, bold, be- 
hold, &c, but the vanish ought not to be omitted — 
the true sound of the o should be preserved. This 
omission is exceedingly common in our country, 



but is wholly opposed to English usage. Bolt and 
bold should have precisely the same sound of the o. 
There is a like error, every where prevalent among 
us, in respect to the following words, viz. : Home, 
hope, coach, coat, smoke, sj)oke, broke, stone, bone, 
road, whole, wholly, and perhaps some others. A 
majority of persons in New England sound the o in 
these words without the vanish, while some go far- 
ther and give them almost the sound of short u, as 
hum for home, &c. On this subject, Smart speaks 
strongly in the communication referred to above. 
He insists that all such words should have the full 
sound of the o as heard in accented syllables, though 
not in all cases with quite the same prolongation of 
the sound. But the full o of dome should be given 
to home; of slojie to hope; of poach to coach; of 
boat to coat; of yoke to spoke, cloak, smoke, and 
broke; of hone to bone and stone. He adds, "I in- 
dicate hole and whole as identical in sound. As to 
holy and wholly, I prolong the vowel and middle 
consonant more in the first than in the second." 
This is the only difference between them. 

§ 20. Regular short sound, marked 5 o, as in not, 
bond ; heard also in coral, Corinth, laudanum (U>d'- 
num), &c. 

Note.— This is the shut or extreme short sound 
of broad a, and coincides with the a in what. There 
is a medium sound of this letter, as heard in nor, 
which is neither so short as in not, nor so long as in 
naught. Smart says that this medium sound is 
usually given to the short o when directly followed 
by ss, st, and th, as in cross, cost, broth; also in 
gone, cough, trough, and some other words. To 
give the extreme short sound to such words is affec- 
tation ; to give them the full sound of broad a is 
vulgar. 

Occasional Sounds of O. 

§ 21. Sound of o like short u, marked 6 6, as in 
dove, love ; heard also in d6es (duz), ddne (dun), 
n6ne (nun), nothing (nuthing). 

Note. — The words combat and comrade are mark- 
ed with this sound by many orthoepists, but there 
is equal or greater authority for the regular sound, 
combat and comrade. The o in sovereign had orig- 
inally this sound, but (as stated by Smart) has in 
England, for the last twenty years, been gradually 
passing into the short o (sovereign), until this is 
now the prevailing sound. 

§ 22. Sound of o like oo long, marked 6 o, as in 
move, lose, who, to, &c. 

§ 28. Sound of o like oo short, marked O o, as in 
wolf, Wolsey, &c. 

"Note.— This sound coincides with that of u in 
bull, which is also used for oo short (see § 30). 

Letter OO (German U). 

§ 24. Regular long or open sound, represented by 
oo unmarked, as in moon, tool, moot, &c. 

Note. — This sound, though represented by a 
double O, is regarded by all orthoepists as a dis- 
tinct vowel sound. It is the same element with the 
u of the Germans and Italians, and coincides with 
the French ou in route. 

§ 25. Regular short sound of oo, marked oo, as in 
foot, book, wool, could, &c. 

" Note.' — This" sound is the one represented by n, as 
in full, bull, &c. (see § 30). 

§ 26. The following words, root, roof, rood, broom, 
and soon, have properly the long sound of oo as in 
moon (see § 24), but many pronounce them with the 
short sound, as given in § 25. New Englanders es- 
pecially are often recognized abroad by their habit 
of pronouncing root, root; roof, roof; rood, rood; 
broom, broom, and soon, soon. Smart properly in- 
sists that 'the quality of the sound in soon should 
be the same as in moon, though the vowel is hardly 
so much prolonged in quantity, except in dignified 
utterance. 



EEMARKS ON THE KEY. 



Letter U. 

§ 27. Regular long sound, marked u u, as in unite, 
cftbe, mute, &c. ; heard also in feud, juice, beauty 
(biity), &c. 

Note. — This is a diphthongal sound, composed of 
the vowel oo, with a slight sound of the consonant 
y before it. When the u begins a syllable, this 
sound of y is most clearly perceived, as in the word 
unite, very obviously sounded yoonite. When the 
u is preceded by a consonant, the y has a less defi- 
nite sound ; but in most cases it may be clearly per- 
ceived, as in mute, cube, &c, where there is obvi- 
ously a slight sound of y before oo in the sound 
given to the u. 

§ 28. When the long u is preceded by the conso- 
nants d, t, I, n, and s, it is peculiarly difficult to in- 
troduce the sound of y, and hence negligent speak- 
ers omit it entirely, pronouncing duty, dooty; tune, 
toon; lute, loot; nuisance, noosance; suit, soot, &c. 
The reason is, that in forming those consonants the 
organs are in a position to pass with perfect ease to 
the sound of oo, while it is difficult in doing so to 
touch the intermediate y ; hence the y in such cases 
is very apt to be dropped. Here arises one of the 
nicest points in our pronunciation, viz., to introduce 
the y, and yet avoid giving it too much breadth of 
sound. On this point Smart remarks, "To say 
tube (tyoob), lucid (lyoocid), with the u as perfect 
(i. e., with as full a sound of the ?/) as in cube, cubic, 
mute, &c, is either northern or laboriously pedant- 
ic" — a description which applies to the vulgar in 
our Eastern States, and to those who are over-nice 
at the South. The practice of good society, we 
may add, is barely to insert the y in the lightest 
possible manner ; thus we avoid the two extremes 
of overdoing on the one hand, by making too much 
of the y, and of wholly omitting it on the other 
hand, after the manner of most careless speakers. 

It ought to be added that in such words as sure, 
&c, the y is always omitted, i. e., wherever the 
sound of sh precedes the u, as in sure, sounded 
shoor; sugar, shoogar, &c. 

§ 29. Regular short sound, marked u u, as in 
tub, sun, does (duz), blood (bind), &c. 

Note. — This is not the short sound of long u. It 
is a distinct element, and is formed furthest back 
in the throat of all the vowels; hence, unless well 
pronounced, it has an obtuse guttural sound. It 
ought, as far as possible, to be brought forward 
with smoothness to the front of the mouth. 

Occasional Sounds of U. 

§ 30. Sound of u like that of short oo (oo), mark- 
ed IJ u, as in full, pull, bull, put (not put),' &c. 

Note. — Our iong u in unaccented syllables has 
(to a great extent) this sound (09) preceded by y, as 
in educate, pronounced ed'yoo-cate, &c. Hence, in 
respelling such syllables, the character u is employ- 
ed in this work, as in nature, respelt nat'yur; fort- 
une, respelt fort'yun, &c. 

§ 31. Sound of long u (u) when preceded by r in 
the same syllable, marked t u, as in rude, ruby, 
rural, &c. 

Note. — All the English orthoepists agree that 
the long u in this case drops its y, and becomes 
simply 00, so that rue is pronounced too ; rule, rool ; 
ruby, rooby, &c. On this subject, Dr. Webster's 
views have been greatly misunderstood. Many 
suppose that he wished to insert a distinct sound of 
y in such cases, pronouncing rule, ryool, and ruby, 
ryooby, &c. Nothing could be further from his 
views or practice. No one had a greater disgust for 
such a prolongation of the sound. The whole ques- 
tion here turns on the analysis of our long u. Dr. 
Webster did not consider it to be diphthongal, ex- 
cept at the commencement of a syllable, as in unite. 
In all other cases he regarded our long u as a dis- 
tinct elementary sound, and therefore marked it 



(as he ought to do on that supposition) in one and 
the same manner wherever it occurred. This has 
given rise to the supposition that he favored the 
insertion of y in such words as rule, &c. The fact 
is, on the contrary, that, according to his scheme, 
there is no y in the case to be inserted. 

In this volume, the ordinary view has been adopt- 
ed, viz., that the y is diphthongal, as described 
above. This has been done in conformity to the 
general understanding of orthoepists, without un- 
dertaking to decide the abstract question whether 
our long u is diphthongal or not. Some may think, 
with Dr. Webster, that in graceful pronunciation 
there is a slight softening sound between the r 
and the vowel in such words as rue, rule, rude, &c. 
Others may consider this as a mere provincialism ; 
but the great body of speakers do undoubtedly pro- 
nounce this class of words with no other vowel sound 
than 00, as marked by Smart and other English or- 
thoepists. 

Letter Y. 

§ 32. Regular long sound, marked Y y, as in ply, 
defy, &c. 

Note. — The word my, when used without em- 
phasis, takes its regular short sound in England, 
and to some extent in this country, as, "I took 
down my hat." This sound, however, should not 
be given in serious or solemn discourse, nor should 
the y ever be turned into long e, after the Irish 
fashion, "I took down mee hat." 

§ 33. Regular short sound, marked Y" y, as in tyr- 
anny, &c. 

Note. — Y has only one occasional sound, viz., in 
such words as myrrh, in which it has, like the e and 
i in similar circumstances (see § 13 and § 17), very 
nearly the sound of short u. This is here indicated 
by respelling. 

Regular or Proper Diphthongs. 
§ 34. 01 or OY, as heard in join, boy, &c. These 
require no distinctive mark, having the same sound 
in all but four words, Shamois (shammy), choir 
(quire), tortoise (tortiz), turquois (sometimes pro- 
nounced turkeez). 

§ 35. OW, as heard in cow, brown, flower, &c. 

Note. — In a few words ow has the sound of long 
5. These are accordingly distinguished by the 
proper mark, as in blow, slow, know, &c. 

§ 36. OU. This diphthong has two leading sounds. 

(1.) That of ow in words derived from the Saxon, 
as in pound, round, &c. 

(2.) That of 00 in words derived from the French, 
as in soup, group, &c. 

Note. — The word route, being directly from the 
French, has more commonly the French sound 
{root), while rout has the Saxon sound in ow. The 
word ivound, which, from its Saxon origin, ought 
to have the sound of ow, has, to a great extent, taken 
the French sound (woond), notwithstanding the Te- 
rn onstrances of Walker and other ortho epists against 
the irregularity. 

§ 37. The diphthong ou has also, in a few cases, 
the sound of the broad a, as in bought (bawt) ; some- 
times that of the short u, as in adjourn (adjurn), 
and of 00 (like wood) in the words could, ivould, 
should. ' These peculiarities are indicated in this 
Dictionary by respelling. 



Unaccented Syllables. 
§ 38. When unaccented syllables end in a conso- 
nant, their vowel, if single, has its regular short 
sound, as in ciis-sign', con'duct, con'fltct, &c. But 
some words from the classics have the vowel long, 
as cantharides, and are so marked. 

§ 39. When the unaccented syllable does not end 
in a consonant, two cases arise, viz. : 



REMARKS ON THE KEY. 



XI 



(1.) The syllable may end in a vowel, as in the 
words di-raci', rfe-mur', do-main', &c. 

(2.) The syllable may end in a consonant, with 
final e mute at the close of words, as in ul'ti-mate, 
fi'm'te, r?p'u7e, &c. 

The former of these will, for the sake of brevity, 
be called No. 1, and the latter No. 2. These will 
now be considered under each of the vowels. 

Letter A. 
§ 40. No. 1. Here the final a has usually the shut 
sound of the Italian a, as in Cu'ba, a-muse', A-mer'- 
i-c«, &c. But in some words, like a-e'ri-al, cha-ot'- 
ic, &c, the a has the long, slender sound, on ac- 
count of the subsequent vowel. 

§ 41. No. 2. Here the a has sometimes its long or 
slender sound, particularly in verbs ending in ate, 
such as ded'i-cfite, ed'u-cate, &c. In other parts of 
speech the sound of the a is more obscure, verging 
toward short e, as in ul'ti-mate, night'in-gale, &c. 
In some instances it verges toward, short i, as in 
village. 

Letter E. 
5 42. No. 1. Here the final e has its long or open 
sound, slightly obscure or abridged, as in e-vent', 
e-mo'tion, so-ci'e-ty, &c. Care should be taken not 
to sink the e into an indefinite sound of short u, as 
soci'uty for society, &c. 

§ 43. No. 2. Here also the e has usually its open 
sound a little shortened and obscured, as in ob'so- 
lete, &c. In some instances it verges toward short 
e, as in college. 

Letter I. 
There is great diversity in the case of this letter. 
Hence it is difficult to lay down general rules; and 
Smart remarks, " The inquirer must be sent to the 
Dictionary to learn, in each particular case, the 
true pronunciation." 

§ 44. No. 1. I, when final, has more commonly 
its short sound, as in phi-los'o-phy, di'rect, &c. 
But the i is usually long in the case of initial syl- 
lables commencing in i, hi, chi, cli. cri, pri, tri, as 
in i-de'a, bl-ol'o-gy, cri-te'ri-on, pri'me-val, &c. 

§ 45. No. 2. In these terminations usage is great- 
ly divided. On the whole, the i is more generally 
short, as in in'fi-nite, fer'tile, ad-a-man'tine, &c. ; 
but there are some important exceptions, as ex'ile, 
gen'tile, con'cu-bine, ste'a-tite, &c. Here the Dic- 
tionary must be consulted for the several words. 

Letter O. 
§ 46. No. 1. Here the final o has usually its long 
sound slightly abbreviated, and usually without 
its "vanish" (see § 18), as in o-pin'ion, mot'to, to- 
bae'eo, &c. Care should here be taken not to sink 
the o into short u, as careless speakers often do, 
pronouncing opinion, uppinion, &c. 

§ 47. No. 2. The o in these terminations has usu- 
ally its regular long sound, as in tel'e-scope, ep'ode, 
&c. Sometimes the o verges toward short o, as in 
di'a-logue, or toward short u, as in pur'pose. 

Letter U. 
§ 48. No. 1. Here the final u has its long sound 
slightly abridged, as in ed'u-cate, mon'u-ment, &c. 
[Hence these words are thus respelt, ed'yu-cate, 
mon'yu-ment.] But when the u is preceded by r, as 
in erudition, it drops the y sound, and is pro- 
nounced er-oo-di'tion. Care should be taken never 
to sink the w. into the sound of y, as eddycate for ed- 
ucate, or into any indefinite sound. 

§ 49. No. 2. The u in these terminations should re- 
tain its regular long or open sound slightly abridged, 
as in gratitude, institute, literature, &c, &c. Care 
should be taken never to change these into mere 
oo, as gratitood for gratitude, institoot for institute 
— a practice which prevails among the vulgar. 



In some cases the u is more shortened, as, for ex- 
ample, in nature, lecture, feature, &c. [The mode 
of respelling words under this section is the same as 
in the preceding one, nature being respelt nat'yur, 
lecture, lect'yur, &c] 

Three cautions are under this head requisite. 
(1.) Never sink the u into the sound of the short u, 
making nature, natur, &c. (2.) Never change the 
letter t into cli, giving nature the sound of nzchure 
or nacftoor. (3.) Never insert a j after d, giving 
educate the sound of educate, &c. The last two 
peculiarities, though sanctioned by Walker, are 
now condemned by most orthoepists. Knowles 
speaks of it as an " absolute vulgarity and absurd- 
ity" thus to distort words like educate, &c, from 
the simplicity of their spelling, by inserting conso- 
nant sounds which are entirely out of place. 

Letter Y. 
§ 50. No. 1. Here y final has usually its short 
sound, as in hv-poe'ri-sy, my-thol'o-gy, &c ; but 
final syllables in fy and ply have the y long, as in 
jus'ti-fy, mul'ti-ply, &c. 

5 51. No. 2. The y in these terminations (which 
are few in number) is long, as in ne'o-phvte, pros'e- 
lyte, &c. 

Silent Vowees. 
§ 52. Vowels which are printed in italics are not 
to be sounded, as the e in used, burden, &c. Some 
of these cases require a more particular considera- 
tion, and will now be mentioned. 

EN with E silent. 
§ 53. Most words ending in en drop the e. as often 
(off'n), heaven (heav'n), heathen (heath' n) even 
(ev'n), &c. One of the most prevalent errors of the 
present day, especially among our clergy (for the 
laity have fallen into it much less), is that of pro- 
nouncing the word even (evn) evun ; heaven (heavn) 
heavwn or heaven ; heathen (heathn) heathen or 
heathim; often (offn) often, &c. Walker remarks 
with great keenness on this error, declaring it to be 
a '■'■puerile and false pronunciation." If the writer 
is correctly informed, it is never heard among good 
speakers in England. The following are the only 
words in which the e should be sounded : Eden, as- 
pen, chicken, hyphen, kitchen, jerke?i, mitten, pat- 
ten, platen, sudden, and, in England, sloven, though 
the last word is, among us, more usually pronounced 
slov'n. The e is also sounded when preceded by 
the liquids I, m, n, as in woolen, &c, though fallen, 
stolen, and swollen omit the e. 

ON with O silent. 
§ 54. Many words ending in on preceded by c, 
ck, t, &c, omit the o, as in reckon (reck'n), bacon 
(bak'n), mutton (mut'tn), &c. 

ED with E silent. 
§ 55. The termination ed is usually shortened (by 
dropping the e) in the preterit of verbs, and in par- 
ticiples in ed, when the e is not preceded by d or t ; 
as in loved (lov'd), 2^'oved (prov'd),&c. [When d 
or t precede the e, as in amended, contented, such-an 
omission is impossible.] There are, however, a few 
participial adjectives in which the e is commonly 
sounded, namely, learned, blessed, cursed, striped, 
streaked, aged, &c. To speak of a learn* d man for 
a learned man is bad pronunciation. 

Terminations in EL. 
§ 56. As a general rule, the e is sounded in these 
terminations, as in gravel, level, novel, vessel, chap- 
el, &c. To omit the e in such cases, pronouncing 
chapel, chap'l, novel, nov'l, &c, is generally regard- 
ed as a vulgarism. The following are nearly or 
quite all the words of this kind in which the e is 
properly omitted, viz., drivel, grovel, navel, ravel, 
rivel, shekel, shovel, snivel, shrivel, weasel, chat- 
tel, mantel, and, according to some, though not 
many orthoepists, model. 



REMARKS ON THE KEY. 



CONSONANTS. 



§ 57. A part of the consonants, viz., b, d, f\j, k, 
I, m, p, and w, have one uniform sound, and there- 
fore need no comment in this place. The following 
consonants require to be considered. 



§ 58. C unmarked has the sound of s, as in cede, 
cinder, ceil, &c. 

§ 59. C marked thus, C, -e, has the sound of k, as 
in cape, cope, cup, &c. 

Note.— C (like s and t) takes the sound of sh 
when preceded by the accent, and followed by ea, 
ia, io, or eous, as in ocean, social, Phocion, sapona- 
ceous. 

C has also the sound of z in sacrifice, suffice, and 
discern, with their derivatives. 

CH. 

§ 60. Ch unmarked (English ch) has very nearly 
the sound of tsh, as in chin, choose, &c. 

Note. — Walker marked the ch, when preceded by 
I or n, with the sound of simple ah, respelling filch, 
filsh, Welch, Welsh, bench, bensh, &c. This is a 
palpable error, and is treated as such by Smart and 
other leading orthoepists. 

§ 61. Ch marked thus, cH, ch (French ch) has the 
sound of sh, as in chagrin, chaise, machine, &c. 

Note. — Most words of this kind are derived from 
the French. Hence the word chivalry, being from 
that language, ought regularly to be pronounced 
sMvalry, and not ic/iivalry, and is so marked by 
able orthoepists. 

§ 62. Ch marked thus, CH, -eh (Greek ch), has the 
sound of k, as in chasm, character, &c. This oc- 
curs in words derived from the ancient languages. 
Ch is always hard (like k) before I and r, as in 
chlorine, chrism. 

Note. — When the word arch, denoting chief, be- 
gins a word derived from the Greek, and is follow- 
ed by a vowel, it is pronounced ark, as archangel, 
&c. When arch is prefixed to an English word, it 
has the English sound of the ch, as in archbishop, 
&c. 

G. 

§ 68. G unmarked (g hard) has the sound of that 
letter in the word go, as in gave, give, gun, &c. 

Note. — In such words as longer, stronger, &c, 
the g performs a double office : it unites with the 
preceding n to form the sound of ng, and is again 
repeated in the subsequent syllable — thus long'ger, 
stvong'ger, &c. To indicate this fact, the character 
N G is used in the former syllable. There is anoth- 
er class of words, like sing'er, in which the g does 
not thus pass into the subsequent syllable. 

§ 64. G marked thus, 6, g (g soft), has the sound 
of j, as in gender, general, &c. 

H. 

§ 65. This letter' is a simple breathing. It is si- 
lent in the following words, heir, heiress, herb, herb- 
age, honest, honor, honorable, hour, with their deriv- 
atives, and also in hostler (more properly spelt ostler.) 
The h is also marked as silent by most orthoepists 
in hospital, humor, and humble, with their deriv- 
atives. There is, however, an increasing tendency 
to sound the h in these words. This is favored by 
Jameson, and not disapproved by Smart. 

N, NG, and NK 
§ 66. The letter n has a slightly nasal sound ; ng 
and nk are decidedly nasal. The latter are simple 
elementary sounds, and are not (as might be sup- 
posed) a compound sound made up of the letter n 
in conjunction with g and k. In forming ng the 
nostrils are not completely closed, but so much so as 
to produce a marked vibration, which may be con- 



tinued to any length, as in sing, bring, &c. In form- 
ing nk, the nostrils are entirely closed after the first 
vibration, not allowing the vibration (as in ng) to 
be further prolonged, as in sink, think. It is there- 
fore undesirable to respell such words as sink, brink, 
&c, by the use of ng. They are not so pronounced. 
No one sounds sink like sing with a k following, 
sing-k. The continuous vibration which belongs to 
ng, is not heard in words ending in nk. Hence the 
mode of respelling mentioned above is not used in 
this volume. 

PH. 

§ 67. Ph has usually the sound of/, as in _p7irase, 
p7ulter, &c. In Stephen it has the sound of v ; and, 
according to most orthoepists, it has the same sound 
in nephew (nev'eiv), though in this country it has 
commonly its regular sound of/ in that word. 

% Q. 

§ 6S. Q is followed in all cases by u, and has usu- 
ally, in connection with that vowel, the sound of 
kiv, as in quail (kwail), &c. In a few words derived 
from the French, the sound is that of k, as in 
coquette. 

E. 

§ 69. This letter may be viewed under three as- 
pects : 

(1.) Initial r, as in Rome, rip. This is formed 
by the point of the tongue striking forcibly, or, as 
Dr. Eush says, with a slap, on the upper gums. It 
should not be prolonged, after the manner of the 
Irish, into a trill or roll of the sound. 

(2.) Final r, as in far, carol, &c. This is a softer 
sound, in which the whole front of the tongue has a 
gentle vibration. Any thing like a trill or prolong- 
ation here is peculiarly out of place. 

(3.) E connected with a guttural sound (called by 
Smart a "guttural vibration"), as heard in such 
words as fare, mere, ire, ore, ure, poor, our, &c. 
Here the character r represents two sounds, viz., 
an indefinite vowel sound resembling short u, and 
a partially-formed soft r, so that the above words 
are pronounced faur, meur, Tur, &c. Hence the let- 
ter r, under these circumstances, is said to have an 
"opening power: 1 ' it brings in an obscure vowel 
sound, Ayhich serves to modify whatever vowel pre- 
cedes the r, so that Smart says "the vowel sounds 
in fare, mere, ire, ore, ure, poor, our, do not quite 
identify with those in fate, mate, ide, ode, cube, 
pool, owl." See this fact adverted to in § 4. 



§ 70. S unmarked has its regular sharp or hissing 
sound, as in same, gas, mass, &c. 

§ 71. S, when marked thus, $, s, has the sound of 
z hard, as in has, xoas, &c. 

Note. — There has been much diversity between 
orthoepists as to the sound of s in words commencing 
in dis, as disarm, disburse, &c. Walker laid down 
this rule: "It (s) ought always to be pronounced 
like z when unaccented, and followed by an ac- 
cented flat mute (b, d, g hard, v), a liquid (I, m, 
n, r), or a vowel." Hence he gave pronunciation 
like the following, disbud, dizbud; disedify, diz- 
edify; disjoin, dizjoin; dislike, dizlike; dislodge, 
cfelodge, &c. Scarcely any subsequent orthoepist 
has gone so far. Webster's Dictionary gives s the 
sound of z in only the following words, viz., dis- 
arm, disaster, discern, disease, disheir, dishonest, 
dishonor, dismal, disown, dissolve. The Imperial, 
Craig, and Wright agree almost to a word with 
Webster. Perry and Knowles give the z sound 
even in fewer words ; Smart gives it in about eight 
more; Jameson and Boag go still further; but, with 
one or two exceptions, the orthoepists as a body 
have condemned the extent to which Walker has 
gone in this respect. 



REMARKS OX THE KEY. 



Xlll 



§ 72. S like sh. S has the sound of sh in -words 
ending in stem, preceded by a liquid or double g, as 
in reversion, passion, &c, together with a few other 
■words, such as sure, sugar, censure, &c 

§ 73. S like zh. S has the sound of zh in -words 
ending in sion preceded by a vowel, as in revision, 
decision, &c. , and also in some other words, partic- 
ularly those in ure, as "measure, pleasure, &c. 



§ 74. T as sh. The diphthongs ia, ie, io, -when 
directly following the accent, have the power of 
changing the letter t into sh, as insatiate, patient, 
station, &c. 

TH. 

§ 75. Th unmarked has its sharp or aspirated 
sound, as in thing, breath, &c. 

§ 76. Th marked thus, TH, th, has its soft or 
vocal sound, as in this, then, with, &c. 

Note. — Nouns which, in the singular, end in th 
sharp, have usually the same ending in the plural, 
as death, deaths; sabbath, sabbaths, &c; but the 
following five words have their plurals in th vocal, 
viz., bath, lath, mouth, oath, and path, as baths, 



laths, -paths, &c. Dr. "Worcester adds wreath to 
this list, making its plural to be wreathes ; but in 
this he differs from Smart, who confines the vocal 
sound in this case to the verb wreathe. Some pro- 
nounce truths, in the plural, with the vocal sound 
(truths), but this is sanctioned by no orthoepist. 

WE 
§ 7T. The true sound of these letters is in the re- 
verse order, viz., hw; e. g., when is pronounced 
hwen. 



§ 78. This letter has two sounds, viz., its regular 
sharp sound like ks, as in expect, tax, &c, and its 
soft or fiat sound like gz, as in exert, &c. This lat- 
ter sound occurs when the syllable which imme- 
diately follows the x begins with an accented vow- 
el, as in exert, exalt, example, &c. ; but, even in 
this case, the sound of gz is not always given to the x. 



§ 79. The leading sound of this letter is heard in 
such words as maze, Jiazy, &c. In a few words it 
takes the sound of zh, as in seizure (sezhure), &c. 



ACCENT. 



§ 80. Accent is primary, as in event', e'ven, el'- 
oquent ; or secondary, as in absentee', incompat- 
ibil'ity, where the syllables in italics have the 
secondary accent. 

Note. — (1.) In some words, these two accents are 
so nearly equal that we interchange them freely, 
"making," as Walker remarks, "the secondary 
principal and the principal secondary." He speci- 
fies violin, referee, privateer, artisan, courtesan, 
charlatan, and might have added ambuscade, cav- 
alcade, caricature, etiquette, reverie, confidante, 
governante, invalid, parachute, and others. Near- 
ly all of these, except the first three, have now (ac- 
cording to able orthoepists) transferred the primary 
accent from the last to the first syllable, as in arti- 
san, &c, under the operation of a principle which 
is stated in § S7. 

(2.) Many in this country give a marked second- 
ary accent in certain words where good usage for- 
bids it, as in ter'ritdry (like terry tory), difficul- 
ty (diffy c«lty), cir'emnstances (circurn stances), 
in'teresting (inter esting), &c. This droning fault 
may be corrected by giving the accented syllable a 
sharp percussion, which carries the voice lightly 
through the rest of the word. 

Divided Usage. 
§ 81. In quite a large number of words, there is a 
diversity of practice among good speakers as to the 
place of the primary accent. This arises mainly 
from a conflict between certain great principles 
which affect the seat of the accent. A few of these 
will now be mentioned, with a view to account for 
this diversity. It is all that can be done in a brief 
sketch like this. 

§ 82. First Peevctple. —Derivatives take for a 
time, if not permanently, the accent of their prim- 
itives, as in resolve', from resoVvo, demon' 'strate. 
from demon'stro, quanda'ry, from Fr. q'en diraijc? 
(what shall I say about it?) ally', from allier. So 
also research', renounce', abdo'men, Bengal' ee, Hin- 
doo-stan'ee, &c. 

§ 83. Seco:st> PeenCiple. — Ease of utterance has 
some influence in deciding the place of the accent. 
Ac' ceptable, re'eeptaele, and u'tensil, as fashion- 
able in the days of W T alker. have now taken the 
easier accentuation of accept' able, recept'o.cle, and 
uten'sil. Es'sayist is marked essny'ist by W T alker, 
Webster, the Imperial. Boag, and Clarke, and is 
given both ways by Worcester. Dis'crepant and 
discrepancy are marked discrep'ant and discrep'- 



ancy by Richardson, Boag, Craig, Wright, Clarke, 
and others. Subal'tern (instead of Walker's sub'- 
altern) is the accentuation of Pdchardson, Knowles, 
Barclay, Craig, the Edinburgh Imperial, Clarke, 
and many more. Confes'sor, like p>rofcs'sor, has 
superseded con'fessor in this country, and has the 
support of Perry. Ash, Rees, Barclay, Boag, Clarke, 
Webster, and Worcester. Rem'e'diless, from the 
difficulty of the sound, has been changed in this 
country into remed'iless, as sanctioned by Perry, 
Ash, Rees, Fulton and Knight, and Webster. Con'- 
sistory has given way to ennsist'ory in the marking 
of Knowles, Barclay, Reia, Brande, Craig, the Im- 
perial, Boag, Clarke, and others. In like manner, 
ac'cessary and ac'cessory (as marked in most En- 
glish dictionaries) are commonly pronounced in this 
country acces'sary and acces'sory, as recommended 
by Bailey and Ash. These maj r serve as instances 
of the application of this principle. It is an im- 
portant one in its place ; and though it may give 
rise for a time to a diversity of pronunciation (since 
some will cling to that which is older and harder), 
changes of this kind, which promote ease of utter- 
ance, will finally prevail. 

Dissyllables, 

§ 84. Thibd Pbesciple. — In words of two sylla- 
bles, there is a tendency (though with numerous ex- 
ceptions) to accent the former or penultimate sylla- 
ble, as in a'gue, bar' on, com'mon, dis'cord, &c. 

Note. — (1.) This tendency meets with a powerful 
counteraction in Principle No. 1, viz., that of de- 
rivatives retaining the accent of their primitives, as 
in amuse', deter', offend', &c. It is natural, in such 
forniatives, to continue the accent on the original 
seat of the thought ; and hence some hundreds of 
our dissyllables, especially verbs and adverbs, have 
their accent on the last syllable. 

(2.) Still, there is a constant struggle (especially 
among the common people, who are unacquaiuted 
with the derivation of words) to draw back the ac- 
cent to the first syllable. Here arises another con- 
flict, which produces a diversity of accent ; and the 
common people, being a majority, are, on the whole, 
slowly gaining upon those who are tenacious of 
Principle No. 1. Hence con'nate and in'nate (in- 
stead of connate' and innate') are generally preva- 
lent in this country, and are now sanctioned by 
Reid, Boag, the Imperial, and Craig. Al'cove (for 
alcove') is more common among us, as marked by 
recent English ortheopists, Boag, Craig, and others. 
Con'ients (for contents') has become' the general 



EEMAEKS ON THE KEY. 



usage of this country, as sanctioned by Walker, the 
Imperial, Clarke, Webster, and Worcester. Re'tail 
(for retail') is now the marking of a majority of the 
orthoepists. De'tail (for detail') is less prevalent, 
but is sanctioned by Smart, Clarke, &c. Pro'lix 
and pre'text (for prolix' and pretext') are widely 
prevalent (especially the former), and are author- 
ized by some recent lexicographers. Bom'bast (for 
bombast') is the accentuation of Walker, Barclay, 
Richardson, the Imperial, and Webster ; it is ad- 
mitted by Worcester, and is extensively used in this 
country. Bu'reau (for bureau') was admitted by 
Dr. Webster, and is very generally applied to the 
article of furniture, while bureau' is used in refer- 
ence to a department of the government. Ac' cess 
(for access') is authorized by a number of orthoe- 
pists, and especially, among the later ones, by 
Knowles, Boag, Wright, and Clarke.* 

(3.) No orthoepist has given any sanction, it is 
believed, to ro'mance and fi' nance (for romance' 
and finance') or to re search and re' source (for re- 
search' and resource'). The latter especially ought 
to be discountenanced, for search and source are 
English words, and ought therefore to remain (as 
they were from the first) the central points of 
thought, 

§ 85. We have about eighty cases among our dis- 
syllables in which the same word is used as a verb 
on the one hand, and a noun or adjective on the 
other. To distinguish between them, we accent the 
nouns and adjectives on the first syllable, and the 
verbs on the last, as a con'vert, to convert' ; a con'- 
tract, to contract', &c. It is unnecessary to give the 
list in full, since the accent of nearly all these words 
has been long settled by general usage. 

Note. — There are a few cases of divided use in 
nouns, which will sooner or later be decided on this 
ground. For example, usage will probably soon 
fix permanently on per'mit for the noun, and per- 
mit' for the verb ; pro'test for the noun, and p>rotest' 
for the verb; perfume for the noun, and perfume' 
for the verb ; pro'ceeds ^r the noun, and proceed' 
for the verb ; de'tail for the noun, and detail' for 
the verb ; in' crease for the noun, and increase' for 
the verb; re'tail for the noun, and retail' for the 
verb; sur'vey for the noun, and survey' 'for the verb. 

There is a tendency among many to accent the 
first syllable of the noun ally, allies ; and although 
without sanction as yet from a single orthoepist, it 
would not be surprising if this tendency should 
prevail on the ground stated above, making the 
noun al'ly, al'lies, and the verb ally'. The noun ce- 
ment has been extensively pronounced cem'ent, as 
distinguished from the verb to cement', but Smart 
thinks this will not finally prevail; and the tend- 
ency does certainly now seem to be toward cement' 
for the noun as well as the verb. 

§ 86. We have a few dissyllables which are at 
once nouns and adj ectives. These are distinguish- 
ed by accenting the nouns on the first syllable and 
the adjectives on the last. 

Nouns. Adjectives. 

Au'gust, the month. August', noble. 

Com'pact, an engagement. Compact', close. 
Ex'ile, banishment. Exile', slender. 

In'stinct, an impulse. Instinct', filled with. 

Min'ute of time. Minute', smalL 

Su'pine, in grammar. Supine', indolent. 

The word gallant departs from the above rule. 
When it denotes a suitor, or "attentive to fe- 
males, 1 ' it is accented gallant', and is changed into 
gal'lant when it means high-spirited or daring. 



* Smart, speaking on the subject considered above, says, 
"There is a sort of repugnance to an ultimate accent unless on 
a verb ; hence the uninitiated talk of selling con'sols till they 
learn on the stock exchange that the technical pronunciation 
is consols' '," i. <;., consolidated stocks. A number of English or- 
thoepists, being among the uninitiated, have accented this 
word on the first syllable, as every one pronounces it who 
has not taken his cue from the stock-brokers. 



TRISYLLABLES AND POLYSYLLABLES. 

§ 87. Fourth Principle. — In words of three or 
more syllables, there is a strong tendency to accent 
the antepenalt, or third syllable from the end, as 
in el'oquent, ac'cident, opportu'nily, &c. 

Note. — This tendency is counteracted by that of 
derivation (Principle No. 1) ; and here arises anoth- 
er "conflict," which, to some extent, arrays' our 
scholars on the one side, and the body of the peo- 
ple on the other. Every scholar, for example, is 
strongly inclined to say contemplate, demon' strata, 
confis'cate, obdu'rate, &c, according to the accent 
of the Latin ; while the mass of the people, who 
know nothing of Latin, and are governed by En- 
glish analogies, are equally bent on saying con' tem- 
plate, demonstrate, ob'durate, &c. The latter pro- 
nunciation is now very extensively heard, and thus 
we have a "divided usage" in respect to these and 
similar words. In like manner, bal'cony (for balco'- 
ny) is now, according to Smart, becoming the true 
English pronunciation, and is so marked by 
Knowles, Webster, the Imperial, Wright, and 
many more. 

Ele'giac (for elegi'ac) is the general pronuncia- 
tion of this country (in accordance with maniac 
and most other words in -iac), and has the sanction 
of Perry, Knowles, Wright, Clarke, and Webster. 
Quan' clary (for quanda'ry), in accordance with 
bound' ary and nearly every other word in -ary, is 
our prevailing pronunciation, and is sanctioned by 
Maunder, the Imperial, Craig, Clarke, Webster, 
and Worcester. Many are disposed to reduce va- 
ga'ry to the same accentuation (va'gary). 

§ 88. There is a number of words which once 
took the antepenultimate accent, but which are now 
reverting to an accent on the penult. For exam- 
ple, concord'anee (not concordance) is now the set- 
tled pronunciation, and so tribu'nal (not trib'unal) ; 
inqui'ry (not in'quiry) ; quintes'sence (not quint- 
essence) ; oppo'nent (not op'ponent) ; expo'nent (not 
ex'ponent) ; compo'nent (not com'ponent) ; cout- 
mit'tee (not com'mittee), &c. 

Dyspep'sy (being easier of utterance) has taken 
the place of dys'pepsy in the marking of Smart, 
Webster, the Imperial, Wright, Clarke, &c, and is 
now the prevailing accentuation. On the same 
ground, ances'tral is preferred to an'cestral by 
Jameson, Webster, the Imperial, Boag, and Clarke, 
in conformity with campes'tral and other similar 
words. 

§ 89. It is a just principle, laid down by Walker, 
that " when words come to us whole from the 
Greek or Latin, the same accent ought to be pre- 
served as in the original." Hence the following 
words ought to be accented as here marked, viz., 
A bdo'men, hori'zon, deco'rum, deco'rous, sono'rous, 
acu'men, bitu'men, Panthe'on,&nd, on like grounds, 
piaz'za, farra'go, and others. 

§ 90. Terminations in ic. — Terminations in ic 
have their accent on the penult, as epidem'ic, sci- 
entific, &c. The following words are exceptions, 
having the accent on the antepenult, viz. : arith'- 
metic, bish'opric, cath'olic, chol'eric, ephem'eric, 
her'etic, lu'natic, pleth'oric, pol'itic, rhet'oric, and 
tur'meric. Climacteric has usually the antepenulti- 
mate accent, though some pronounce it climacUr'ic. 
In like manner, empiric and splenetic are some- 
times accented on the penult and sometimes on 
the antepenult. 

§ 91. Terminations in ean. — A part of the -e 
terminations follow the English analogy, and take 
the antepenultimate accent, as ceru'lean, hyperbo'- 
rean, Hercu'lean, Mediterra'nean, subterra'nean, 
Tarta'rean, marmo'rean. A part accent the penult, 
as adamante'an, Atlante'an, colosse'an, empyre'an, 
Epicure' an, Europe'an, hymene'al, Pygme'an. 
Orphean, being derived from Or'pheus, is more 
properly accented Or'phean. 



ORTHOGRAPHY. 



ORTHOGRAPHY OF DR. WEBSTER, 



AS EXHIBITED EN THIS VOLUME. 



1. Terminations in our changed into or. — Such 
words b& favor, labor, &c, formerly ending in our, 
drop the u. One word, however, is here given both 
ways, viz., Savior, Saviour. 

•2. Terminations in ck changed into c— -Words of 
more than one syllable, ending in ic or iac, which 
formerly ended in k, have dropped the k, as in mu- 
sic, maniac, &c. Add to these almanac, saadarac, 
limbec (from alembic) ; also havoc. The k is re- 
tained (1.) in a few derivatives, as colicky, traffick- 
er, mimicking, &c, to prevent an erroneous pro- 
nunciation ; (2.) in all monosyllables, as sick, stick, 
&c, and hence in their compounds, as candlestick, 
&c. ; (3.) in all other terminations except ic and iac, 
as in arrack, &c. 

3. Terminations in re changed into er. — Such 
words as centre, metre, &c, with their compounds, 
have the re changed into er, as center, meter, &c. 
Some hundreds of words like chamber, cider, diam- 
eter, &c, have already undergone this change, 
which is here extended to about twenty more, to 
complete the analogy. Acre, massacre, and lucre 
are necessarily excepted, because the change would 
lead to an erroneous pronunciation. {.Chancre is 
very little used, and ogre is hardly naturalized.] 
The above words, however, are most of them given 
in both modes of spelling. 

4. Words in which the Final Consonant is not 
doubled in adding such Formatives as ing, ed, er, 
&c. — It is a rule extending to many hundreds of 
cases, that, in adding to a word such English form- 
atives as ing, ed, er, &c, a single consonant at the 
end of a word is doubled when the accent falls on 
the last syllable, as in forgetting, beginning; but is 
not doubled when the accent falls on any preceding 
syllable, as in benefiting, gardener, &c. This rule 
has been violated in the case of about fifty words 
ending in I, whose derivatives have had the I 
doubled, as traveller, &c. These words are here re- 
stored to their true analogous spelling, as recom- 
mended by Walker, Lowth, Perry, and others, as in 
traveling, canceled, leveler, counselor, duelist, mar- 
velous, &c. On the same principle, woolen is spell- 
ed with a single I. [The above remarks apply only 
to English formatives. Hence a few words derived 
from other languages retain the double I, as tran- 
quillity, from the Latin tranquillitas ; excellence, 
from excellentia ; lamellar, from lamella ; cancel- 
late, cancellation, &c, from cancello, cancellatio ; 
metalline, metallurgy, &c, from metallum ; crystal- 
line, crystallize, &c, from the Greek KpvcraKXos; 
chancellor, from cancellarius, through the French, 
&c] The above rule is also applied to the deriva- 
tives of worship and bias, making them worship- 
ing, worshiped, worshiper, biasing, biased. Bigot- 
ed has already taken its true spelling with but one 
t, and such should be the spelling of carbureted, 
sulphureted, &c. 

5. Distinction between Verbs in ize and ise. — 
Verbs from the Greek <(w, and others formed in 
analogy with them, have the termination ize, as 
baptize, legalize, &c. Catechise and exorcise are 
exceptions. Verbs, and also some nouns, derived 
directly from the French, with a few from other 
sources, end in ise, as advertise, advise, affranchise, 
amortise, chastise, circumcise, comprise, compro- 
mise, criticise, demise, despise, devise, disfranchise, 
disguise, divertise, emprise, enfranchise, enterprise, 
exercise, manumise, merchandise, misprise (to mis- 
take), premise, reprise (to take again), revise, su- 
pervise, surmise, surjjrise. 

6. Terminations in able. — Able, when incorpo- 
rated into words ending with silent e, cuts it off, as 
in blamable, except after c or g, as in noticeable, 
changeable. 

7. Compounds of Words ending in 11. — Such com- 
pounds as befall, miscall, install, forestall, inthrall, 



enroll, retain the double I, to prevent a false pronun- 
ciation, befell, enrol, &c. For the same reason, 
double I should be retained in the noun- install- 
ment, inthrallment, thralldom, and enrollment. 

S. Defense, offense, and pretense. — In these words 
8 is substituted for c on the ground of analogy. 
Originally the following words were spelt thui. : 
expence, recompence, suspence, but have, within 
comparatively a short period, changed the c into ■■; 
for two reasons, viz. ([.), they are derived from Lat- 
in words in s, as expensum, &c, and( 2.) they have 
their English derivatives in s, as expensive, &c. 
The same reasons apply to defense (defensio), with 
the derivative defensive ; offense (offensa), andpre- 
tense (prsetensus), with the derivatives offensive and 
pretension. This change completes the list of terms 
thus derived from Latin words in s. The terms 
pence and fence are not thus derived, and have no 
formatives in s; they do not, therefore, require 
this change on the ground of analogy. The words 
are here given in both forms of spelling. 

9. Foretell, distill, instill, fulfill.— These words 
retain 11 of their primitives, for it must be retained 
in the participles and other derivatives, as foretell- 
ing, distiller, &c. Here, it is only necessary to re- 
member the rule that the spelling of the original 
words tell, still, fill, is retained in all the derivatives. 

10. Connection, deflection, inflection, reflection. 
— These follow the spelling of their verbs, con- 
nect, &c. 

11. Derivatives of dull, skill, will, and full. — 
These retain the 11, as dullness, fullness, skillful, 
willful, to prevent the inconvenience of exceptions 
to a general rule. Walker says there is no reason 
why we should not write dullness, fullness, skill- 
ful, and willful, as well as stiffness, gruffness, &c. 

12. Derivatives of villain. — The derivatives of 
villain ought to retain the i, as in villainous, vil- 
lainy, &c. This is the case in all similar words 
when the ain is not under the accent, as in mount- 
ainous from mountain, captaincy from captain, &c. 
Both modes, however, are given in this volume. 

13. Mould and moult. — These words should reg- 
ularly be written mold and molt, like gold, bold, 
fold, colt, &c, in which the u has been dropped or 
was never introduced ; but they are given both ways. 

14. Woe. — This word takes the final e, like doe, 
foe, hoe, sloe, toe, and all similar nouns of one syl- 
lable. The termination in o belongs among mon- 
osyllables to the other parts of speech, as go, so, and 
to nouns of more than one syllable, as motto, pota- 
to, tomato, &c. Still, the word is given both ways. 

15. Practice, as a Verb. — This verb should be 
spelled like the noun, with a c, as in notice, appren- 
tice, and all similar words in which the accent pre- 
cedes the last syllable. The distinction of spelling 
between the noun and verb belongs properly to 
words accented on the last syllable, as device, n., 
devise (pronounced de-vize'), v. To apply the dis- 
tinction here, and spell the verb practise, tends to 
give it the same pronunciation (prac-tlze'), as we 
often find in uneducated persons. But as this spell- 
ing, though in opposition to the regular analogy, 
is more prevalent, the verb is given in both ways. 

16. Drought and height have now become the 
established spelling; but as drouth and hight were 
formerly used by eminent writers, they are here 
given under the words mentioned above. 

17. Some words which are pronounced alike are 
spelled differently, with a view to their being more 
easily distinguished, as stationery (paper, &c.) and 
stationary (standing) ; clue (a guide) and clew (a 
line) ; ton (a diy measure) and tun (a wet measure 
or large hogshead) ; mantel (a chimney-piece) and 
mantle (a kind of cloak) ; holiday (a secular festi- 
val) and holyday (a religious festival) ; cue (a hint 
or guide) and queue (a tie of hair), &c. 



SYNONYMOUS WORDS 

DISCRIMINATED IN THIS VOLUME. 



V The discriminations will be found under the words printed in capitals. 



To Abandon— to relinquish, for- 
sake, desert, surrender, leave, 
forego. 

Abandoned — forsaken, deserted, 
profligate, depraved, corrupt, 
reprobate. 

Abasement — humiliation, de- 
pression, degradation. 

To Abash — to confuse, confound. 

To Abate — to decline, subside, 
diminish. 

Abbey, see Cloister. 

Aberration, see Insanity. 

Abettor — accomplice, accessary. 

To abhor, see To Detest. 

Ability — capacity, talent, skill, 
dexterity, address. 

To Abolish — to subvert, over- 
turn, destroy, nullify, abrogate, 
annul, repeal. 

To abominate, see To Detest. 

Abridgment — compendium, epit- 
ome, summary, abstract, synop- 
sis. 

To abrogate, see To Abolish. 

To Absolve — to exonerate, ac- 
quit. 

Abstinence: — temperance. 

Abstract, see Abridgment. 

Aksurd — foolish, irrational, pre- 
posterous, [ousness. 

Abundance — exuberance, plente- 

Abundant, see Ample. 

To accept, see To Receive. 

Accessary, see Abettor. 

Accidental — casual, fortuitous, 
contingent, incidental. 

Accomplice, see Abettor. 

Account — narrative, narration, 
recital, description, detail. 

Accurate — correct, precise. 

To Accuse — to arraign, censure, 
impeach. 

To Acknowledge — to concede, 
confess, allow, recognize. 

Acquaintance — familiarity, in- 
timacy. 

To acquire, see To Attain. 

To acquit, see To Absolve. 

Acrimony — asperity, harshness, 
tartness. 

Active — brisk, alert, agile, nim- 
ble, sprightly, prompt, quick. 

Actual, see Real. 

Acute, see Subtile. 

Adage, see Aphorism. 

To Add — to subjoin, annex. 

To Addict — to devote, to dedi- 
cate to. 



Address, see Ability. 

Adjacent, see Contiguous, also 
Adjoining. 

Adjoining — adjacent, contigu- 
ous, neighboring. 

To Adjourn — to postpone, defer, 
delay, prorogue. 

To Admit — to concede, grant, per- 
mit. 

To Admonish — to reprove, re- 
buke, reprimand, warn, advise. 

To Adorn — to embellish, orna- 
ment. 

Adulation — flattery, compli- 
mpnt. 

Adventurous, see Rash. 

Adversary — opponent, antago- 
nist, enemy, foe. 

Adversity, see Affliction. 

To advertise, see To Announce. 

To advise, see To Admonish. 

Affidavit, see Deposition. 

To Affirm — to aver, protest, as- 
sert. 

Affliction — trouble, distress, 
sorrow, adversity, misfortune. 

Aggressor — assaulter, invader. 

Agile, see Active. 

Agitation, see Emotion. 

Agony — anguish, pang. 

Alert, see Active. 

Alienation, see Insanity. 

To allay, see To Alleviate. 

To Alleviate — to lessen, dimin- 
ish, mitigate, assuage, allay. 

To allow, see To Acknowledge, 
also To Permit. [duce. 

To Allure — to entice, decoy, se- 

Also, see Likewise. 

Altercation — wrangle, dispute. 

Although, see Though. 

Ambiguous, see Equivocal. 

To Amend — to correct, reform, 
rectify. 

Amicable — friendly. 

Among, see Between. 

Ample — spacious, capacious, ex- 
tensive, abundant, plenteous. 

To Amuse — to divert, entertain. 

Ancient — primitive, antiquated, 
obsolete. 

Anger — indignation, resentment, 
wrath, fury, rage. 

Anguish, see Agony. 

Animation, see Liveliness. 

Annals, see History. 

To annex, see To Add. 

To Announce — to proclaim, pub- 
lish, advertise. 

To annul, see To Abolish. 

Answer, see Reply. 



Antagonist, see Adversary. 

Antecedent — prior, preceding, 
foregoing, previous. 

Anterior — previous, former, pre- 
ceding. 

To Anticipate — to expect. 

Antipathy, see Aversion. 

Antiquated, see Ancient, [age. 

Aphorism — axiom, maxim, ad- 

Apology — excuse. 

To appall, see To Dismay. 

Apparent — obvious, clear, plain, 
evident. 

To appear, see To Seem. 

Appellation, see Epithet, also 
Name. 

To Appreciate — to esteem, esti- 
mate, value. 

To apprehend, see To Arrest. 

Appropriate, see Apt. 

Apt — appropriate, suitable, qual- 
ified, inclined, disposed, dex- 
trous, fitted. 

Arbitrary — tyrannical, imperi- 
ous, unlimited, capricious. 

Arbitrator, see Judge. 

Arduous — difficult, hard. 

To Argue — to discuss, debate, 
dispute, prove. 

Arms — weapons. 

To arraign, see To Accuse. 

To Arrest — to check, stop, ap- 
prehend, [ness. 

Arrogance — haughtiness, lordli- 

Arrogant, see Magisterial. 

Art, see Science. 

Artful, see Cunning. 

Articulation — pronunciation. 

Asperity, see Acrimony. 

To Asperse — to calumniate, slan- 
der, defame. 

To assail, see To Assault. 

To assassinate, see To Kill. 

To Assault— to attack, invade, 
assail. 

Assaulter, see Aggressor. 

Assent — consent. 

To Assert — to maintain, aver, 
affirm. 

To assuage, see To Alleviate, 
also To Mitigate. 

Atheist, see Infidel. 

At least, see However. 

Atrocious — flagitious, flagrant. 

To attack, see To Assault. 

To Attain — to obtain, acquire. 

To attempt, see To Try. 

Attempt — trial, endeavor, effort, 
exertion. 

To Attend — to listen, hearken. 

Attentive, see Obsequious. 



SYNONYMOUS WORDS. 



Attitude — posture. 

Auction, sale by, sale at, see Sale. 

Audacity — hardihood, boldness, 
impudence. 

Auspicious, see Propitious. 

Authentic — genuine. 

Avaricious — covetous, parsimo- 
nious, penurious, miserly, nig- 
gardly. 

To Avenge — to revenge. 

To aver, see To Affirm, also To 



Averse — disinclined, backward, 

reluctant. 
Aversion — disgust, reluctance, 

repugnance, antipathy. 
To Avoid — to shun. 
To avow, see To Confess. 
Awe — dread, veneration. 
Awful, see Frightful. 
Awkward — clumsy, uncouth. 
Axiom— maxim, aphorism, adage. 

B. 

Backward, see Averse. 

Badly, see Greatly. 

Baggage, see Plunder. 

Balance, see Kemalndeb, 

Bank-bill — bank-note. 

Bank-note, see Bank-bill. 

Banquet, see Feast. 

To Banter — to rally. 

Barbarism — solecism ; see also 
Solecism. 

Barbarous, see Ferocious. 

Base — mean, vile. 

Bashful — modest, diffident. 

Battle — combat, fight, engage- 
ment. 

To Be — to become. 

Beast — brute. 

Beautiful, see Fine. 

Beautiful — handsome, pretty. 

To become, see To Be. 

To beg, see To Beseech. 

Behavior — conduct, deportment. 

To believe, see To Expect. 

Below — beneath. 

To bemoan, see To Deplore. 

Beneath, see Below. 

Beseetoence — benevolence. 

Beneficent, see Benevolent. 

Benevolence, see Beneficence. 

Benevolence — kindness, benig- 
nity, tenderness. 

Benevolent — beneficent, munif- 
icent. 

Benignity, see Benevolence. 

To Bequeath — to devise. 

To Beseech — to beg, entreat, so- 
licit, supplicate, implore. 

Besides, see Moreover. 

1 . et ween — among. 

To bewail, see To Deplore. 

Blaze — flame. 

Blessedness, see Happiness. 

Bliss, see Happiness. 

Blunder— error, mistake, bull. 

Bodily, see Corporeal. 

Boldness, see Audacity. 

Bound, see Destined. 

Boundary, see Limit. 

Brave, see Gallant. 

Bravery — courage, audacity. 

Breeding, see Education. 

Brilliant, see Shinlng. 

Brisk, see Active. 

Brute, see Beast. 

Bulwark, see Eampaet. 

Burden — load. 

But, see Except. 

Butchery, see Massacre. 



Cabal — party, faction. 

Calamity — disaster, misfortune, 
mishap, mischance. 

To Calculate — to compute,reck- 
on, count. 

To Call — to convoke, summon, 
bid. 

Callous, see Obdurate. 

To calumniate, see To Asperse. 

Calumny — slander, defamation, 
libel. 

Can — can but, can not but. 

Candid — fair, open, frank, ingen- 
uous. 

Capacious, see Spacious. 

Capacity, see Ability. 

Capricious, see Arbitrary. 

Captious — caviling, petulant, 
fretful. 

Care — anxiety, solicitude, con- 
cern. 

Carnage, see Massacre. 

Carousal — feast, banquet. 

Cars, see Train. 

Cash, see Money. 

Castle, see Fortress. 

Casual — accidental, fortuitous, 
incidental, occasional. 

Catalogue, see List, also Sched- 
ule. 

Category — predicament. 

Cautious — wary, circumspect. 

To Celebrate — to praise, extol, 
commemorate. 

Celebrated, see Distinguished. 

To censure, see To Accuse. 

Ceremonious, see Formal. 

Cessation — stop, rest, pause, in- 
termission. 

Chagrin — vexation, mortifica- 
tion. 

To chasten, see To Chastise. 

To Chastise — to punish, chasten. 

Chat, see Conversation. 

To check, see To Arrest. 

Chief — chieftain, commander, 
leader. 

Chieftain, see Chief. 

Choice, see Option, also Voli- 
tion. 

To Choose — to prefer, elect. 

Chronicle, see History. 

Circumspect, see Cautious. 

Circumstance — fact, event, inci- 
dent. 

Circumstantial, see Minute. 

Citadel, see Fortress. 

To cite, see To Quote. 

City, see Village. 

Clear, see Apparent, also Mani- 
fest, [parency. 

Clearness — perspicuity, trans- 
Cleverness, see Ingenuity. 

Cloister — monastery, nunnery, 
convent, abbey, priory. 

Clumsy, see Awkward. 

To Coerce — to compel. 

Collusion — connivance. 

Combat, see Battle, also Con- 
test. 

Comfort — consolation, solace. 

Comical, see Droll. 

Command, see Direction. 

Commander, see Chief. 

To commemorate, see To Cele- 
brate. 

Commercial, see Mercantile. 

To commit, see To Consign. 

Common, see General, also Mu- 
tual. 



To Communicate — to impart, re- 
veal. 

Compact, see Contract. 

To Compare — to compare to, to 
compare with. 

Compassion, see Pity. 

Compendium, see Abridgment. 

Competent, see Qualified. 

Competition, see Emulation. 

Complaisant, see Obliging. 

Complete — whole, entire, total. 

Complex, see Intricate. 

Complicated, see Intricate. 

Compliment, see Adulation. 

To comprehend, see To Under- 
stand. 

Compulsion — constraint, re- 
straint. 

Compunction — remorse. 

To Conceal — to hide, disguise, 
dissemble, secrete. 

To concede, see To Admit, also 
To Acknowledge. 

Concise, see Laconic, also Terse. 

Conclusion, see Inference. 

Conclusive, see Final. 

Concussion, see Shock. 

Condition, see State. 

Conduct, see Behavior. 

To confer, see To Give. 

Conference, see Conversation. 

To confess, see To Acknowl- 
edge. 

To Confess — to avow. 

Conflict, see Contest. 

To confound, see To Abash. 

To Confute — to refute. 

To Congratulate — to felicitate. 

Connivance, see Collusion. 

To Conquer — to vanquish, sub- 
due, subjugate. % 

Consent, see Assent. 

Consequence — effect, result. 

To consider, see To Ponder. 

Considerate, see Thoughtful. 

To Consign — to commit, intrust. 

Consolation, see Comfort. 

Conspicuous, see Distlnguished. 

Constancy, see Firmness. 

Constraint, see Compulsion. 

Consumption, see Decline. 

Contagion, see Infection. 

Contagious — infectious. 

To Contemn — to despise, scorn, 
disdain. 

To Contemplate — to meditate, 
intend. 

Contemptible — despicable, piti- 
ful, paltry. 

To content, see To Satiate. 

Contest — strife, conflict, encoun- 
ter, combat. 

Contiguous, see Adjoining. 

Contiguous — adjoining,adjacent. 

Contingent, see Accidental. 

Continual — continuous, perpet- 
ual. 

To continue, see To Persevere. 

Continuous, see Continual. 

Contract — covenant,stipulation, 
compact. 

Contrition — repentance. 

Contrivance, see Device. 

Control, see Direction. 

Convent, see Cloister. 

Conversation — talk, chat, con- 
ference. 

Convert— proselyte, pervert 

To Convince — to persuade. 

Cordial, see Hearty. 

Corporal, see Corporeal. 

Corporeal — bodily, corporal 



XY111 



SYNONYMOUS WORDS. 



Corpulent, see Stout. 

To correct, see To Amend. 

Correct, see Accurate. 

To Correspond — to correspond 
with, to correspond to. 

Corrupt, see Abandoned. 

Corruption, see Depravity. 

Courage, see Heroism. 

Courageous, see Gallant. 

Covenant, see Contract. 

Covert, see Hid. 

Covetous, see Avaricious. 

Coward — craven, poltroon, das- 
tard. 

Coy, see Snv. 

Crafty, see Cunning. 

Craven, see Coward. 

Crime — sin, vice. 

Crowd, see Throng. 

Cunning — artful, sly, wily, crafty. 

Curious, see Inquisitive. 

Current, see Stream. 

Curse, see Malediction. 

Custom, see Habit, also Usage. 

D. 

Dainty — delicacy. 

Damage, see Mischief. 

Danger — peril, hazard, risk, 
jeopardy. [gloom. 

Darkness — dimness, obscurity, 

Dastard, see Coward. 

To daunt, see To Dismay. 

Dead, see Lifeless. 

Death — decease, demise, depart- 
ure, release. 

To debate, see To Argue, also To 
Discuss. 

Debility — infirmity, imbecility. 

Decay, see Decline. 

Decease, see Death. 

Deceit, see Deception. 

Deceiver — impostor. 

Deception — deceit, fraud, impo- 
sition. 

Decision, see Determination. 

To decline, see To Abate. 

Decline — decay, consumption. 

Decorum — dignity. 

To decoy, see To Allure. 

To Decrease: — to diminish. 

Decree, see Law. 

To Decry — to depreciate, detract, 
disparage. 

To dedicate to, see To Addict. 

Deduction, see Induction. 

To defame, see To Asperse. 

Defect — fault. 

To Defend — to protect. 

To defer, see To Adjourn. 

Deference — respect. 

Definition — explanation, de- 
scription. 

Degradation, see Abasement. 

To degrade, see To Demean. 

Deist, see Infidel. 

To delay, see To Adjourn. 

Delicacy, see Dainty. 

Delicious — delightful. 

Delighted, see G-lad. 

Delightful, see Delicious. 

Delineation, see Sketch. 

Delirium, see Insanity. 

To Deliver — to give forth. 

To delude, see To Mislead. 

Delusion— illusion, fallacy. 

To Demean — to degrade. 

Dementia, see Insanity. 

Demise, see Death. 

To Demolish — to overturn, over- 
throw, destroy, dismantle, raze. 

Denomination, see Name. 



Departure, see Death. 

To Deplore — to mourn, lament, 
bewail, bemoan. 

Deportment, see Behavior. 

Deposition — affidavit. 

Depot, see Station. 

Depravation, see Depravity. 

Depraved, see Abandoned. 

Depravity — corruption, deprava- 
tion. 

To depreciate, see To Decry. 

Depression, see Abasement. 

Derangement, see Insanity. 

To Deride — to ridicule, mock, 
taunt. 

Description, see Account. 

To desert, see To Abandon. 

Deserted, see Abandoned. 

Design — intention, purpose. 

To Desire — to request. 

Despicable, see Contemptible. 

To despise, see To Contemn. 

Destined — bound. 

To destroy, see To Abolish, also 
To Demolish. 

Detail, see Account. 

Determination — decision, reso- 
lution. 

To Detest — to hate, abhor, abom- 
inate, loathe. 

To detract, see To Decry. 

Device — contrivance. 

To devise, see To Bequeath. 

To devote, see To Addict. 

Dexterity, see Ability, also 
Skill. 

Dexterous, see Apt. 

Dialect, see Idiom. 

Diction — style, phraseology. 

To Differ — to differ with, to dif- 
fer from. 

Difficult, see Arduous. 

Difficulty, see Impediment. 

Diffidence, see Humility. 

Diffident, see Bashful. 

Diffuse, see Prolix. 

Dignity, see Decorum. 

Dilatory, see Slow. 

Diligence — industry. 

To diminish, see To Abate. 

Dimness, see Darkness. 

To direct or command, see To In- 
struct. 

Direction — control, command. 

Directly— immediately. 

Dirty, see Nasty. 

Disability — inability. 

To disappoint, see To Tantalize. 

Disbelief — unbelief. 

To discern, see To Perceive. 

Discernment — penetration, dis- 
crimination. 

To discharge, see To Deliver. 

To Discover — to invent. 

Discrimination, see Discern- 
ment. 

To Discuss — to debate. 

To discuss, see To Argue. 

To disdain, see To Contemn. 

Disdain, see Haughtiness. 

Disease — disorder, distemper, 
malady. 

Diseased, see Morbid. 

Disguise, see To Conceal. 

Disgust, see Aversion. 

Disinclined, see Averse. 

To dismantle, see To Demolish. 

To Dismay — to daunt, appall. 

Disorder, see Disease. 

Dispatch, see Haste. 

Disposed, see Apt. [ency. 

Disposition — inclination, tend- 



To dispute, see To Argue. 

Dispute, see Altercation. 

To dissemble, see To Conceal. 

Dissembler — hypocrite. 

Distance, see Piece. 

Distemper, see Disease. 

Distin guished — emin ent, con- 
spicuous, celebrated, illustrious. 

Distress, see Affliction. 

To divert, see To Amuse. 

Divorce, see Separation. 

To divulge, see To Reveal. 

Dogma — tenet. 

Dogmatical, see Magisterial. 

Domineering, see Imperious. 

Donation — gift, present. 

Dread, see Awe. 

Dreadful, see Frightful. 

Drive, see Ride. 

Droll — laughable, comical. 

Drunkenness — intoxication, ine- 
briation. 

Dull, see Lifeless. 

Dumb, see Mute. 

Durable, see Lasting. 

E. 

Eager — earnest. 

Earnest, sec Eager. 

Earnest — pledge. 

Economy — frugality, parsimony. 

Edict, see Law. 

Education — instruction, teach- 
ing, breeding. 

Effect, see Consequence. 

Effort, see Attempt, also En- 
deavor. 

Effrontery, see Impudence. 

Egotism — self-conceit, vanity. 

To elect, see To Choose. 

Elegance— grace. [plex. 

To Embarrass — to puzzle, per- 

To embellish, see To Adorn. 

Eminent, see Distinguished. 

Emotion — feeling, agitation. 

Empirical, see Transcendental. 

To employ, see To Use. 

Empty, see Vacant. [ry. 

Emulation — competition, rival- 

Encomiurn, see Eulogy. 

Encounter, see Contest. 

Endeavor, see Attempt. 

Endeavor — effort, exercise, 
struggle. 

Enemy, see Adversary. 

Engagement, see Battle. 

To enlarge, see To Increase. 

Enmity, see Rancor. 

Enormous — immense, excessive. 

To entertain, see To Amuse. 

Enthusiasm — fan at ici sm . 

To entice, see To Allure. 

Entire, see Complete, also Rad- 
ical. 

To entreat, see To Beseech. 

Epithet — title, appellation. 

Epitome, see Abridgment. 

Equity, see Justice. 

Equivocal — ambiguous. 

To equivocate, see To Prevari- 
cate. 

Erudition, see Literature. 

Especial, see Peculiar. 

To esteem, see To Appreciate. 

To Estimate — to esteem. 

To estimate, see To Appreciate. 

Eternal, see Everlasting. 

Eucharist, see Sacrament. 

Eulogy — encomium, panegyric. 

To evade, see To Prevaricate. 

Event, see Circumstance. 

Everlasting — eternal. 



SYNONYMOUS WORDS. 



xix 



Evidence, see Testimony. 
Evident, see Apparent, also Man- 
ifest. 
Example, see Precedent. 
Example — instance. 
To exasperate, see To Irritate. 
Except — but ; see also Unless. 
Excessive — extreme, vehement. 
To Excite — to incite. 
Excursion, see Journey. 
Exi use — apology. 
Execration, see Malediction. 
Exercise, see Endeayok. 
Exertion, see Attempt. 
To exonerate, see To Absolve. 
To Expect — to think, believe. 
To expect, see To Anticipate. 
Explanation, see Definition. 
Explicit — express. 
To expostulate, see To Remon- 

8TEATE. 

Express, see Explicit. 

Extensive, see Ample. 

To extenuate, see To Palliate. 

To extol, see To Celebeate, also 
To Praise. 

Extreme, see Excessive. 

ExciiKBAH c e — plenty, abun- 
dance. 



Fabrication, see Fiction. 
Facility — expertness, readiness. 
Fact, see Circumstance. 
Factitious — unnatural. 
Failing. — fault, foible. 
Fallacy, see Delusion. 
Falsehood, see Falsity. 
Falsity — falsehood, lie. 
Familiarity, see Acquaintance. 
Famous — renowned, illustrious. 
Fanaticism, see Enthusiasm, also 

Superstition. 
Fanciful — fantastical, visionary. 
Fancy, see Imagination. 
Fantastical, see Fanciful. 
Fastidious — squeamish. 
To fatigue, see To Jade. 
Fault, see Defect, also Falling. 
Fealty, see Homage. 
Feast — banquet, festival. 
Feeling, see Emotion, also Sen- 

TLMENT. [LATE. 

To felicitate, see To Congeatu- 

Felicity, see Happiness. 

Female, see Feminine. 

Feminine — female. [barous. 

Ferocious — fierce, savage, bar- 

Fertile— fruitful. 

Fiction — fabrication, falsehood. 

Fierce, see Ferocious. 

Fight, see Battle. 

Filthy, see Nasty. 

Final — conclusive, ultimate. 

Fine — beautiful. 

Finical — spruce, foppish. 

Firmness — constancy. 

Fitted, see Apt. 

Flagitious, see Atrocious. 

Flagrant, see Atrocious. 

Flattery, see Adulation. 

Fleeting — transient, transitory. 

Flight, see Pair. 

Flightiness. see Levity. [ver. 

To Fluctuate — to vacillate, wa- 

Foe. see Adversary. 

Foible, see Failing. 

To Follow — to pursue. 

To Follow — to succeed. 

Foolhardy, see Rash. 

Foolish, see Absurd. 

Foppish, see Finical. 



To forbid, see To Prohibit. 

Force — strength. 

To forego, see To Abandon. 

Foregoing, see Antecedent. 

Forgiveness — pardon. 

Formal — precise, ceremonious. 

Former, see Anterior. 

To forsake, see To Abandon. 

Forsaken, see Abandoned. 

To forswear, see To Perjure. 

Fortification, see Fortress. 

Fortress — fortification, castle, 
citadel. 

Fortuitous, see Accidental. 

Fortunate — successful, prosper- 
ous. 

Frank, see Ingenuous. 

Fraud, see Deception. 

Freak, see "Whim. 

Freedom, see Liberty. 

Freethinker, sec Infidel. 

Frenzy, see Insanity. 

Friendly, see Amicable. 

Frightful — dreadful, awful. 

Froward, see Perverse. 

Frugality, see Economy. 

Fruitful, see Fertile. 

Fruitless, see Useless. 

Fury, see Anger. 

G-. 
To Gain — to win. 
Gallant — courageous, brave. 
Gallantry, see Heroism. 
To gape, see To Gaze. [cious. 
Garrulous — talkative, loqua- 
Gayety, see Liveliness. 
To Gaze — to gape, stare. 
General — common, universal. 
Generosity, see Magnanimity. 
Generous, see Liberal. 
Genius — talent. 
Gentile, see Pagan. 
Gentle — tame, mild, meek. 
Genuine, see Authentic. 
Gesture, see Attitude. 
Gift, see Donation. 
To Give — to confer, grant. 
To give forth, see To Deliver. 
Glad — delighted, gratified. 
To Gleam — to glimmer, glitter. 
To glimmer, see To Gleam. 
To glitter, see To Gleam. 
Gloom, see Darkness. 
Gloomy, see Moody. 
Grace, see Elegance. 
Grace — mercy. 

Grand — magnificent, sublime. 
Grandeur, see Subllmity. 
To srrant, see To Admit, also To 

Give. 
Gratified, see Glad. [mor. 

To Gratify — to indulge, to hu- 
Grave — sober, serious, solemn. 
Greatly — badly. 
Greeting, see Salutation. 
Grief — sorrow, sadness. 
To grow, see To Raise. 
To Guess — to think, reckon. 

H. 

Habit — custom. 
Hall, see Vestibule. 
Hamlet, see Village. 
Handsome, see Beautiful. 
Happiness — felicity, blessedness, 

bliss. 
Harangue — speech, oration. 
Hard, see Arduous, also Solid. 
Hardened, see Obdurate. 
Hardihood, see Audacity. 
Harm, see Mischief. 



Harmony — melody. 

Harshness, see Acrimony. 
Haste — hurry, speed, dispatch. 
To hate, see To Detest. 
Hatred, .■see Odium. [dain. 

Haughtiness — arrogance, dis- 
To have, see To Possess. 

Hazard, see Danger. 

To hearken, see To Attend. 

Hearty — cordial, sincere. 

Heathen, see Pagan. 

Heretic — schismatic, sectarian. 

Heroism — courage, fortitude, 
bravery, valor, intrepidity, gal- 
lantry. 

Hid — secret, covert. 

To hide, see To Conceal. 

Highway, see Road. 

Hinderaace, see Impediment. 

Hint, .-see Suggestion. 

History — chronicle, annals. 

Homage — fealty. 

House, see Tenement. [yet. 

However — at least, nevertheless, 

Humiliation, see Abasement. 

Humility — modesty, diffidence. 

Humor, see Wit. 

To humor, see To Gratify. 

Hurry, see Haste. 

Hypocrite, see Dissembler. 

Hypothesis, see Theory. 



Idiom — dialect. 

Idle — indolent, lazy. 

I gnorant — illiterate. 

Illiterate, see Ignorant. 

Illness — sickness. 

Illusion, see Delusion. 

Illustrious, see Distinguished, 
also F.amous. 

Imagination — fancy. 

Imbecility, see Debility. 

Immediately, see Directly. 

Immense, see Enormous. 

Lumen en t — impending, threaten- 
ing. 

To impart, see To Communicate. 

To impeach, see To Accuse. 

Impediment — obstacle, difficulty, 
hinderance. 

Impending, see Imminent. 

Imperious, see Arbitrary. 

Imperious — lordly, domineering. 

Impertinent — officious. 

To implore, see To Beseech. 

To imply, see To Involve. 

Imposition, see Deception. 

Impossible, see Impracticable. 

Impostor, see Deceiver. 

Impracticable — impossible. 

Imprecation, see Malediction. 

Impudence — effrontery, sauci- 
ness. 

Impudence, see Audacity'. 

In a boat, see On a boat. 

Inability, see Disability. 

Inactive, see Inert. 

Inadvertence, see Inattention. 

Inanimate, see Lifeless, 

Inattention — inadvertence. 

Incapable, see Incompetent. 

Incident, see Circumstance. 

Incidental — accidental. 

To incite, see To Excite. 

Inclination, see Disposition. 

Inclined, see Apt. 

Incompatible, see Inconsistent. 

Incompetent — incapable. 

Incongruous, see Inconsistent. 

Inconsistent — incongruous, in- 
compatible. 





XX 


SYNONYMOUS WORDS. 




To Increase — to enlarge. 


Justice, see Rectitude. 


Malevolence, see Malice. 


Incursion, see Invasion. 


Juvenile, see Puerile. 


Malice — malevolence, malignity. 


Indigence — poverty, want, need. 


K. 


Malice, see Spite. 


Indignation, see Anger. 


Malignity, see Malice. 


Indolence, see Idee. 


To Keep — to retain, preserve. 


Manful, see Manly. 


Inducement, see Motive. 


To Kill — to murder, assassinate. 


Mania, see Insanity. 


Induction — deduction. 


Kind, see Obliging. 


Manifest — clear, plain, obvious, 


To indulge, see To Gratify. 


Kind, see Sort. 


evident. 


Industry, see Diligence. 


Kindness, see Benevolence. 


Manly — manful. 


Inebriation, see Drunkenness. 


Kingly— regal. 


Manner, see Method. 


Ineffectual, see Useless. 


L. 


Marine, see Maritime. 


Inert — inactive, sluggish. 


Maritime — marine. 


Infection — contagion. 


Labyrinth — maze. 


Marriage — matrimony. 


Infectious, see Contagious. 


Laconic — concise. 


Martial — warlike. 


Inference — conclusion. 


To lag, see To Loiter. 


Marvelous — wonderful. 


Infidel — unbeliever, freethink- 


To lament, see To Deplore. 


Massacre — butchery, carnage. 


er, deist, atheist, skeptic. 


Lampoon — satire. 


Maternal, see Motherly. 


Infirmity, see Debility. 


Language— speech, tongue, idi- 


Matrimony, see Marriage. 


Informant — informer. 


om, dialect. 


Mature — ripe. [iom. 


Informer, see Informant. 


Lasting — permanent, durable. 


Maxim, see Aphorism, also Ax- 


Ingenuity — cleverness. 


Laughable, see Droll. 


Maze, see Labyrinth. 


Ingenuous — open, frank. 


Lavish, see Profuse. 


Mean, see Base. 


Iniquitous— wicked, nefarious. 


Law, see Justice. 


To meditate, see To Contem- 


Innuendo — insinuation. 


Law — statute, common law, reg- 


plate. 


To inquire, see To Question. 


ulation, edict, decree. 


Meek, see Gentle. 


Inquisitive — curious, prying. 


To lay, see To Lie. 


Melody, see Harmony. 


Inroad, see Invasion. 


Lazy, see Idle. 


Member, see Limb. 


Insanity — lunacy, madness, de- 


Leader, see Chief. 


M emory — rem embran ce, recollec- 


rangement, alienation, aberra- 


To Learn — to teach. 


tion, reminiscence. 


tion, mania, delirium, frenzy, 


Learning, see Literature. 


Menace, see Threat. 


monomania, dementia. 


To leave, see To Abandon, also 


Mercantile — commercial. 


Insinuation, see Innuendo. 


To Quit. 


Mercenary, see Venal. 


Insolence — insult. 


Leave — liberty, permission, li- 


Mercy, see Grace. 


Instance, see Example. 


cense. 


Method — mode, manner. 


Instant, see Moment. 


To lessen, see To Alleviate. 


Middle, see Midst. 


To Instruct— to direct or com- 


Levity — volatility, flightiness. 


Midst — middle. 


mand. 


Liable — subj ect. 


Mild, see Gentle. 


Instruction, see Education. 


Liberal — generous. 


Minute — circumstantial, partic- 


Insult, see Insolence. 


To liberate, see To Deliver. 


ular. 


Insurgent, see Rebel. 


Liberty, see Leave. 


Mischief — damage, harm. 


Insurrection — sedition. 


Liberty — freedom. 


Miserly, see Avaricious. 


Integrity, see Probity. 


License, see Liberty. 


Misfortune, see Affliction. 


Intelligent, see Sensible. 


Lie, see Untruth. 


To Mislead — to delude. 


To intend, see To Contemplate. 


Lie — untruth. 


To mitigate, see To Alleviate. 


Intention, see Design. 


To Lie— to lay. 


To Mitigate — to assuage. 


To interfere, see To Interpose. 


Lifeless — dull, inanimate, dead. 


Mob — populace. 


To intermeddle, see To Interpose. 


Likewise — also, too. 


To mock, see To Deride. 


Intermission, see Cessation. 


Limb — member. 


Mode, see Method. 


To Interpose — to intermeddle, 


Limit — boundary. 


Modest, see Bashful. 


interfere. 


To linger, see To Loiter. 


Modesty, see Humility. 


To interrogate, see To Question. 


List, see Schedule. 


Moment — instant. 


Intimacy, see Acquaintance. 


List — roll, catalogue, register, in- 


Monastery, see Cloister. 


Intoxication, see Drunkenness. 


ventory. 


Money — cash. 


Intrepidity, see Heroism. 


To listen, see To Attend. 


Monomania, see Insanity. 


Intricate — complex, complica- 


Literature — learning, erudition. 


Moody — gloomy. 


ted. 


Literature, see Science. 


Morbid — diseased. 


To intrude, see To Obtrude. 


Liveliness — gayety, animation, 


Moreover — besides. 


To intrust, see To Consign. 


vivacity. 


Mortification, see Chagrin. 


To invade, see To Assault. 


To loathe, see To Detest. 


Motherly — maternal. 


Invader, see Aggressor. 


To Loiter — to lag, linger, saun- 


Motion, see_ Movement. 


Invasion — incursion, irruption, 


ter. 


Motive: — inducement, reason. 


inroad. 


Loneliness, see Retirement. 


To mourn, see To Deplore. 


To invent, see To Discover. 


Loquacious, see Garrulous. 


Movement — motion. 


Inventory, see List. 


Lordliness, see Arrogance. 


Multitude, see Throng. 


To Involve — to imply. 


Lordly, see Imperious. 


Munificent, see Benevolent. 


Irksome— tedious. 


Lucid, see Luminous. [lous. 


To murder, see To Kill. 


Irrational, see Absurd. 


Ludicrous — laughable, ridicu- 


To muse, see To Ponder. 


To Irritate— to provoke, exas- 


Luggage, see Plunder. 


Mute — silent, dumb. 


perate. 


Luminous — lucid. 


Mutual, see Reciprocal. 


Irruption, see Invasion. 

J. 

To Jade — to fatigue, tire, weary. 


Lunacy, see Insanity. 


Mutual — common. 

N. 
Name— appellation, title, denom- 


M. 

Madness, see Insanity. 


Jealous — suspicious. 


Magisterial — dogmatical, arro- 


ination. 


Jeopardy, see Danger. 


gant. 


Narration, see Account. 


To Jest— to joke. 


Magnanimity — generosity. 


Narrative, see Account. 


To joke, see To Jest. 


Magnificent, see Grand. 


Nasty — wet, filthy, foul, dirty. 


Journey — tour, excursion, pil- 


To maintain, see To Assert. 


Natal, see Native. 


grimage. 


Majority — plurality. 


Nation, see People. 


Judge — umpire, arbitrator, ref- 


Malady, see Disease. 


Native — natural, natal. 


eree. 


Malediction — curse, impreca- 


Natural, see Native. 


Justice — equity, law. 


tion, execration. 


Nautical, see Naval. 







SYNONYMOUS WORDS. 


xxi 


Naval — nautical. 


Part, see Portion, also Section. 


Present — on hand, at hand. 


Necessity, see Need. 


Particular, see Minute. 


Present, see Donation. 


Need — necessity. 


Passage, see Vestibule. 


To preserve, see To Keep. 


Nefarious, see Iniquitous. 


Passion— feeling. 


Pretense — pretext. 


Neglect, see Negligence. 


Patience — resignation. 


Preternatural, see Supernatural. 


To neglect, see To Slight. 


Patron — patroon. 


Pretext, see Pretense. 


Negligence — Neglect. 


Pauperism, see Poverty. 


Pretty, see Beautiful. 


Neighborhood — vicinity. 


Pause, see Cessation. 


To Prevaricate — to evade, 


Neighboring, see Adjoining. 


Peaceable — peaceful. 


equivocate. 


Nevertheless, see Howevee. 


Peaceful, see Peaceable. 


Previous, see Antecedent, also 


New, see Novel. 


Peculiar — special, especial. 


Anterior. 


News, see Tidings. 


Penetration, see Discernment, 


Pride — vanity. 


Nice — pleasing. 


also Sagacity. 


Primitive, see Ancient. 


Niggardly, see Avaricious. 


Penurious, see Avaricious. 


Prior, see Antecedent. 


Nimble, see Active. 


People — n ation. 


Priory, see Cloister. 


Noisome — noxious. 


To Perceive — to discern. 


Privilege — prerogative. 


Normal — regular, ordinary. 


Perception, see Sensation. 


Probity — integrity. 


To notice, see To Remark. 


Peril, see Danger. 


Proceeding, see Transaction. 


To nourish, see To Nurture. 


To Perjure — to forswear. 


To proclaim, see To Announce. 


Novel — new. 


Permanent, see Lasting. 


Prodigal, see Profuse. 


Noxious, see Noisome. 


Permission, see Liberty. 


Profligate, see Abandoned. 


To nullify, see To Abolish. 


To permit, see To Admit. 


Profuse: — lavish, prodigal. 


Nunnery, see Cloister. 


To Permit — to allow. 


To Prohibit — to forbid. 


To Nurture— to nourish, to cher- 


Perpetual, see Continual. 


Project— design. 


ish. 


To perplex, see To Embarrass. 


Prolix — diffuse. 




To Persevere — to continue, per- 


Prompt, see Actpve. 


0. 


sist. 


Prompt — ready. 


Obdurate— callous, hardened. 


To persist, see To Persevere. 


To pronounce, see To Delpvep.. 


Objective — subj ective. 


Perspicuity, see Clearness. 


Pronunciation, see Articula- 


Obliging — kind, complaisant. 


To persuade, see To Convince. 


tion. 


Obscurity, see Darkness. 


Pertinacity, see Obstinacy. 


Proof, see Testimony. 


Obsequious — attentive, yielding. 


Perverse — froward. 


Propitious — auspicious. 


Observance — observation. 


Pervert, see Convert. 


Proportion — symmetery. 


Obseivation, see Observance. 


Phraseology, see Diction. 


To prorogue, see To Adjourn. 


To observe, see To Remark. 


Picture — painting. 


Proselyte, see Convert. 


Obsolete, see Ancient. 


Piece — distance. 


Prosperous, see Fortunate. 


Obstacle, see Impediment. 


Piety, see Religion. 


To protect, see To Defend. 


Obstinacy — pertinacity. 


Pilgrimage, see Journey. 


To protest, see To Affirm. 


Obstinate, see Stubborn. 


Pillage — plunder. 


To prove, see To Argue. 


Obstruction — obstacle. 


Pique: — spite. 


To provoke, see To Irritate. 


To obtain, see To Attain. 


Pitiful, see Contemptible. 


Prudence, see Wisdom. 


To Obtrude — to intrude. 


Pity — sympathy. 


Prying, see Inquisitive. 


Obvious, see Apparent, also Man- 


To place, see To Put. [pest. 


To publish, see To Announce. 


ifest. 


Plain, see Apparent, also Mani- 


Puerile — youthful, juvenile. 


Occasion, see Opportunity. 


Plan, see Scheme. 


To punish, see To Chastise. 


Odd, see Quaint. 


Pleasant — pleasing, agreeable. 


Pupil, see Scholar. 


Odium — hatred. 


Pleasing, see Nice, also Pleas- 


Purpose, see Di.sign. 


Officious, see Impertinent. 


ant. 


To pursue, see To Follow. 


Offset, see Set off. 


Pledge, see Earnest. 


To Plt — to place. 


On a boat — in a boat. 


Plenteous, see Ample. 


To puzzle, see To Embarrass. 


Open, see Ingenuous. 


Plenteousness, see Abundance. 




Opinion, see Sentiment. 


Plenty, see Exuberance. 


Q. 


Opponent, see Adversary. 


Plunder — baggage, luggage. 


Quaent — strange, odd, whimsical. 


Opportunity — occasion. 


Plunder, see Pillage. 


Qualified — competent. 


Option — choice. 


Plurality, see Majority. 


Qualified, see Apt. 


Oration, see Harangue. 


Poison — venom. 


To Question — to inquire, inter- 


Ordinary, see Normal. 


Policy, see Polity. 


rogate. 


Ordinary — common. 


Polity — policy. 


Quick, see Active. 


Origin — source. 


Poltroon, see Coward. 


To Quit — to leave. 


To ornament, see To Adobn. 


To Ponder — to consider, to muse. 


To Quote — to cite. 


Ostentation, see Parade. 


Populace, see Mob. 


R. 


Ought — should. 


Portion — part. 


Outline, see Sketch. 


To Possess— to have. 


Racy— spicy. 


Over one's signature, &c. — under 


Possible, see Practicable. 


Radical — entire. 


one's signature, &c. 


To postpone, see To Adjourn. 


Rage, see Anger. 


To overthrow, see To Demolish. 


Posture, see Attitude. 


To Raise — to grow, rear. 


To overturn, see To Abolish, also 


Poverty— indigence, pauperism. 


To rally, see To Banter. 


To Demolish. 


Practicable — possible. 


Rami 5 art — bulwark. 


P. 


To praise, see To Celebrate. 


Rancor — enmity. 


To Praise — to extol. 


Rare — scarce. 


Pagan — gentile, heathen. 


Precarious — uncertain. 


Rash — adventurous, foolhardy. 


Painting, see Picture. 


Precedent— example. 


Rashness, see Temerity. 


Pair — flight, set. 


Preceding, see Antecedent, also 


Rational — reasonable. 


To Palliate — to extenuate. 


Anterior. [mal. 


To raze, see To Demolish. 


Paltry, see Contemptible. 


Precise, see Accurate, also For- 


Readiness, see Facility. 


Panegyric, see Eulogy. 


Preciseness, see Precision. 


Ready, see Prompt. 


Pang, see Agony. 


Precision — preciseness. 


Real — actual. 


Pantaloons, see Trowsees. 


Predicament, see Category. 


To rear, see To Raise. 


Parade — ostentation. 


To Predicate — to found. 


Reason, see Motive. 


Pardon, see Forgiveness. 


To prefer, see To Choose. 


Reasonable, see Rational. 


Parsimonious, see Avaricious. 


Preposterous, see Absurd. 


Rebel — insu rgent. 


Parsimony, see Economy. 


Prerogative, see Privilege. 


Rebellion, see Insurrection. 


i 





xxii 


SYNONYMOUS WORDS. 


' 


To rebuke, see To Admonish. 


Road — way, street, highway. 


Sluggish, see Inert. 


Rebuke, see Reproof. 


Robber, see Thief. 


Sly, see Cunning. 


To Recant — to renounce. 


Robust— strong. 


Smart — clever. 


To Receive — to accept. 


Rock — stone. 


To Sneer — to scoff. 


Reciprocal — mutual. 


Roll, see List. 


Sober, see Grave. 


Recital, see Account. 


Romantic, see Sentimental. 


Solace, see Comfort. 


To reckon, see To Guess. 


Rural — rustic. 


Solecism— barbarism. 


To recognize, see To Acknowl- 


Rustic, see Rural. 


Solemn, see Grave. 


edge. 




To solicit, see To Beseech. 


Recollection, see Memory. 


S. 


Solid — hard. 


Recovery — restoration. 


Sabbath — Sunday. 


Solitude— retirement, seclusion, 


To rectify, see To Amend. 


Sacrament— eucharist. 


loneliness. 


Rectitude — justice. 


Sadness, see Sorrow. 


Some — somewhat. 


Referee, see Judge. 


Sagacious, see Shrewd. 


Sorrow — grief, sadness. 


To reform, see To Amend. 


Sagacity — penetration. 


Sorrow, see Affliction, also 


Reform, see Reformation. 


Sale by Auction — sale at auc- 


Grief. 


Reformation — reform. 


tion. 


Sort — kind. 


To refute, see To Confute. 


Salutation — greeting, salute. 


Source, see Origin. 


Regal, see Kingly. 


Salute, see Salutation. 


Spacious — ample, capacious. 


Regard, see Respect. 


Sample, see Specimen. 


Sparkling, see Shining. 


Register, see List. 


Sanctity, see Religion. 


Special, see Peculiar. 


Regret — remorse, repentance. 


To Satiate — to satisfy, content. 


Specimen — example. 


Regular, see Normal. 


Satire, see Lampoon. 


Speech, see Harangue, also Lan- 


Regulation, see Law. 


To satisfy, see To Satiate. 


guage. 


To Reiterate — to repeat. 


Sauciness, see Impudence. 


Speed, see Haste. 


Religion— piety, sanctity. 


To saunter, see To Loiter. 


Spicy, see Racy. 


To relinquish, see To Abandon, 


Savage, see Ferocious. 


Spite — malice. 


also To Resign. 


Scarce, see Rare. 


Spite, see Pique. 


Reluctance, see Aversion. 


Schedule — catalogue, list. 


Spontaneous — voluntary. 


Reluctant, see Averse. 


Scheme — plan. 


Sprightly, see Active. 


Remainder — balance. 


Schismatic, see Heretic. 


Spruce, see Finical. 


To Remark — to observe, notice. 


Scholar — pupil. 


Squeamish, see Fastidious. 


Remembrance, see Memory. 


Science — literature, art. 


To stare, see To Gaze. 


Reminiscence, see Memory. 


To scoff, see To Sneer. 


State — situation, condition. 


To Remonstrate — to expostu- 


To scorn, see To Contemn. 


Station — depot. 


late. 


Seclusion, see Solitude. 


Statute, see Law. 


Remorse, see Compunction. 


Secret, see Hid. 


Stipulation, see Contract. 


To renounce, see To Recant. 


To secrete, see To Conceal. 


Stone, see Rock. 


Renowned, see Famous. 


Sectarian, see Heretic. 


To stop, see To Arrest. 


Repartee, see Retort. 


Section — part. 


Stop, see Cessation. 


To Repeal — to revoke. 


Sedition, see Insurrection. 


Store— shop. 


To repeal, see To Abolish. 


To seduce, see To Allure. 


Storm — tempest. 


To repeat, see To Reiterate. 


To Seem — to appear, should seem, 


Stout — corpulent. 


Repentance, see Contrition. 


would seem. 


Strange, see Quaint. 


Repetition, see Tautology. 


Self-conceit, see Egotism. 


Stream — current. 


Reply — rejoinder, answer. 


Selfishness, see Self-love. 


Street, see Road. 


Repose, see Rest. 


Self-love — selfishness. 


Strength, see Force. 


Reprimand, see Reproof. 


Sen sation — perception. 


Strict — severe. 


To reprimand, see To Admonish. 


Sense — understanding. 


Strife, see Contest. 


Reprobate, see Abandoned. 


Sensible — intelligent. 


Strong, see Robust. 


Reproof — rebuke, reprimand. 


Sentiment — opinion, feeling. 


Struggle, see Endeavor. 


To reprove, see To Admonish. 


Sentimental — romantic. 


Stubborn — obstinate. 


Repugnance, see Aversion. 


Separation — divorce. 


Stupid, see Simple. 


To request, see To Desire. 


Serf — slave. 


Style, see Diction. 


Resentment, see Anger. 


Serious, see Grave. 


To subdue, see To Conquer. 


Resentment — anger. 


Set, see Pair. 


Subject, see Liable. 


To Resign — to relinquish. 


Set-off — offset. 


Subjective, see Objective. 


Resignation, see Patience. 


Severe, see Strict. 


To subjoin, see To Add. 


Resolution, see Determination. 


Sharper, see Swindler. 


To subjugate, see To Conquer. 


Respect, see Deference. 


Shining — brilliant, sparkling. 


Sublime, see Grand. 


Respect — regard. 


Shock — concussion. 


Sublimity — grandeur. 


Rest — repose. 


Shop, see Store. 


To subside, see To Abate. 


Rest, see Cessation. 


Should, see Ought. 


Subsidy — tribute. 


Restoration, see Recovery. 


Should seem, see To Seem. 


Subtdle — acute. 


To restore, see To Return. 


Shrewd — sagacious. 


To subvert, see To Abolish. 


Restraint, see Compulsion. 


To shun, see To Avoid. 


To succeed, see To Follow. 


Result, see Consequence. 


Shy — coy. 


Successful, see Fortunate. 


To retain, see To Keep. 


Sickness, see Illness. 


Suggestion — hint. 


Retirement, see Solitude. 


Silent, see Mute, also Taciturn. 


Suitable, see Apt. 


Retort — repartee. 


Silly — simple, stupid. 


Summary, see Abridgment. 


To Return — to restore. 


Simple, see Stupid. 


Sunday, see Sabbath. 


To reveal, see To Communicate. 


Sin, see Crime. 


Supernatural — preternatural. 


To Reveal— to divulge. 


Sincere, see Hearty. 


Superstition— fanaticism. 


To revenge, see To Avenge. 


Situation, see State. 


To supplicate, see To Beseech. 


To revoke, see To Repeal. 


Skeptic, see Infidel. 


To surrender, see To Abandon. 


Revolt, see Insurrection. 


Sketch — outline, delineation. 


Suspicious, see Jealous. 


Ride — drive. 


Skill, see Ability. 


Swindler— sharper. 


To ridicule, see To Deride. 


Skill — dexterity. 


Symmetry, see Proportion. 


Ridiculous, see Ludicrous. 


To slander, see To Asperse. 


Sympathy, see Pity. 


Ripe, see Mature. 


Slave, see Serf. 


Sympathy — commiseration. 


Risk, see Danger. 


To Slight — to neglect. 


Synonymous — identical. 


Rivalry, see Emulation. 


Slo .v — tardy, dilatory. 


Synopsis, see Abridgment. 



SYXONYMOUS WORDS. 



Taciturn — silent. 
Talent, see Ability, also Genius. 
Talk, see Conversation. 
Talkative, see Garrulous. 
Tame, see Gentle. 
To Tantalize — to disappoint. 
Tardy, see Slow. 
Tartness, see Acrimony. 
Taste — sensib lity, judgment. 
To taunt, see To Deride. 
Tautology — repetition. 
To teach, see To Learn. 
Teaching, see Education. 
To Tease — to vex. 
Tedious, see Irksome. 
Temerity — rashness. 
Temperance, see Abstinence. 
Tempest, see Storm. 
Temporizing, see Time-serving. 
Tendency, see Disposition. 

T ENEMENT — house. 

Tenet, see Dogma. 

Term — word. 

Terse — concise. 

Test— trial. 

Testimony — proof, evidence. 

Then — therefore. 

Theory — hypothesis. 

There, see Thither. 

Therefore, see Then. 

Thief — robber. [Guess. 

To think, see To Expect, also To 

Thither — "-here. [While. 

Though — although ; see also 

Thoughtful — considerate. 

Threat — menace. 

Threatening, see Imminent. 

Throng — multitude, crowd. 

Tidings — news. 

Time-serving — temporizing. 

To tire, see To Jade. 

Title, see Epithet, also Name. 

Ton— tun. 

Too, see Likewise. 

Total, see Complete. 

Tour, see Journey. 

Toward— towards. 



Town, see Village. 
Trace, see Vestige. 
Train — cars. 

Transaction — proceeding. 
Transcendental — empirical. 
Transient, see Fleeting. 
Transitory, see Fleeting. 
Translucent — transparent. 
Transparency, see Clearness. 
Transparent, see Translucent. 
Trial, see Test, also Attempt. 
Tribute, see Subsidy. 
Trouble, see Affliction. 
Trowsers — pantaloons. 
To Try— to attempt. 
Tun, see Ton. 
Tyrannical, see Arbitrary. 



Ultimate, see Final. 
Umpire, see Judge. 
Unbelief, see Disbelief. 
Unbeliever, see Infidel. 
Uncertain, see Precarious. 
Uncouth, see Awkward. 
Under one's signature, &c, s< 

Over. 
Union — unity. 
Unity, see Union. 
Universal, see General. 
Unless— except. 
Unlimited, see Arbitrary. 
Unnatural, see Factitious. 
Untruth, see Lie. 
Usage — custom. 
To Use — to employ. 
Usefulness, see Utility. 
UsELESs-^fruitless, ineffectual. 
Utility — usefulness. 
To utter, see To Deliver. 



Vacant — empty. 

To vacillate, see To Fluctuate. 

Valor, see Heroism. 

To value, see To Appreciate. 

Vanity, s^jEgotism, also Pride. 

To vanquish, see To Conquer. 

Venal— mercenary. 



Veneration, see Awe. 

Venom, see Poison. 

Vest — waistcoat. 

Vestibule — hall, passage. 

Vestige — trace. 

To vex, see To Tease. 

Vexation, see Chagrin. 

Vice, see Celme. 

Vicinity, see Neighborhood. 

Vile, see Base. 

Village— hamlet, town, city. 

Visionary, see Fanciful. 

Vivacity, see Liveliness. 

Volatility, see Levity. 

Volition — choice. 

Voluntary, see Spontaneous. 

W. 

Waistcoat, see Vest. 

Want, see Indigence. 

Warlike, see Martial. 

To warn, see To Admonish. 

Wary, see Cautious. 

To waver, see To Fluctuate. 

Way, see Road. 

Weapon, see Arms. 

To weary, see To Jade. 

Wet, see Nasty. 

Where, see Whither. 

While — though. 

Whim — freak. 

Whimsical, see Odd. 

Whither — where. 

Whole, see Complete. 

Wicked, see Iniquitous. 

AVily, see Cunning. 

To win, see To Gain. 

Wisdom — prudence. 

Wit — humor. 

Wonderful, see Marvelous. 

Word, see Term. 

Would seem, see To Seem. 

Wrangle, see Altercation. 

Wrath, see Anger. 

Y. 

Yet, see However. 
Yielding, see Obsequious. 
Youthful, see Puerile. 



KEY 

TO THE SOUNDS OF THE POINTED LETTERS. 



*** The Key is here repeated for convenience of reference. Those who use this volume will find 
themselves greatly aided in respect to the pronunciation if they will devote a single half hour to a 
thorough examination of the Eemarks on the Key. 



00 [Ger. U], as in moon ; 



VOWELS. 

Kegular Long and Short Sounds. 
Long. — a a, as in fame; e e, as in mete; 1 1, as in fine; o 6, as in note; 

u Q, as in mute ; Y y, as in fly. 
Short. — a a, as in fat; E 5, as in met; i I, as in fin; 5 o, as in not; OO oo (short oo), as in foot; u ti, 

as in out; Y y, as in any. 

Kegular Diphthongal Sounds. 

Proper Diphthong 01 or OY (unmarked), as in toil, join, foil, boy, coy, toy. 

Proper Diphthong OW (unmarked), as in now, plow. [When irregular, the sound is marked, as in 
tow, sow.'] 

Proper Diphthong OU (unmarked), as in pound. [When irregular, the word is respelled, as in route 
(root).] 

Improper Diphthongs. In these, the vowel which is sounded is marked, as in dim, clean, ceil, people 
(but this is unnecessary in respect to ee, as in feel). Often they are respelled. So also of triph- 
thongs. 

Occasional Vowel Sounds. 



Examples. 

A as in care air, share, pair, bear. 

X Italian Father, far, balm, path. 

a as in last ask, grass, dance, branch. 

A as in all Call, talk, hall, swarm. 

A as in what Wan, wanton', wallow. 

e like a There, heir, where, ere. 

e as in term Verge, verdure, prefer. 

I like long e Pique, machine, mien. 

1 as in bird Firm, virgin, dirt. 

CONSO 

Examples. 
C c soft (unmarked), like s sharp Cede, mercy. 

€ € hard, like k Call, carry. 

CH ch (unmarked), like tsh Child, choose. 

cH ch soft, like sh Machine, chaise. 

CH eh hard, like k Chorus, epo«h. 

G g hard (unmarked) Go, gallant. 

G g soft, like j gentle, aged. 

S s sharp (unmarked) Same, gas. 

S s soft, like z Has, amuse. 



Examples. 

6 like short u Dove, son, done, worm, 

o like long oo Prove, do, move, tomb. 

O like short oo Wolf, wolsey. 



00 <|hort oo) 



.Foot, book, wool, wood. 



v long, preceded by r.EuDE, rumor, rural. 
IT like oo (short oo). . .Bull, put, push, pull. 



E (italic), marks 
letter as silent . 



.:} 



Fallen, toksn. 



NANTS. 

Examples. 
TH th sharp (unmarked) . . . Thing, path. 

TH th flat or weal Thine, theek. 

N G like ng Lon g ger, con g gress. 

PH like/ (unmarked) Phaeton, sylph. 

QU like kiv (unmarked) Queen, inquiry. 

WH like hw (unmarked) . . .When, while. 

%* The double accent ["], in such words as vi"- 

cious, fictitious, &c, shows that the subsequent 

c or t has the sound of sh. 



EXPLANATIONS. 



Abbreviations. 



a. 

ad. 

comp. 

con. 

exclam. 

f 

m. 

n. 

obs. 

pi. 

pp. 

ppr. 

prep. 

pret. 

pron. 

Syn. 

v. i. 

v. t. 



stands for adjective. 



adverb. 

comparative. 

conjunction. 

exclamation or interjection. 

feminine. 

masculine. 

name or noun. 

obsolete. 

plural. 

participle passive. 

participle present. 

preposition. 

preterit tense. 

pronoun. 

synonyms. 

verb intransitive. 

verb transitive. 



Pronunciation. 

Respelling for Pronunciation.— -(1.) In respelling 
the French en, on, &c, the letters ng are designed 
simply to mark the vowel as nasal, and are not to 
be pronounced themselves. 

(2.) The respelling of a word, when a number of 
related words follow, applies to all of them down 
to some other word which is respelled. 

(8.) Compound words, which are not respelled or 
otherwise marked, are to be pronounced like the 
simple words of which they are composed ; but of 
and with at the end of compounds, as hereof, here- 
with, have their final consonants 60unded as in 
dq/f, smith. 

References. — The figures which immediately fol- 
low certain words in the vocabulary refer to sec- 
tions in the Eemarks on the Key. 



DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



A is the first letter of the alphabet in most of 

J -^- the known languages of the earth. It is 
naturally the first letter, because it represents 
the first sound naturally made by the human 
organs. 

A, called the indefinite article, is a contraction 
of the Anglo-Saxon an, one, and is used before 
words beginning with a consonant; like one, it 
has been called an adjective. 

A, as a prefix to many English words, is equiva- 
lent to the prepositions in or on, as asleep, 
afoot; and also when used before participles, as 
a-hunting, a-begging. 

AA-RoN'IG, \ a. Pertaining to Aaron or his 

AA-RoN'I€-AL,j priestly office. 

AB, a prefix to words of Latin origin denoting sep- 
aration. 

A-BACJK', ad. Back, as when the sails of a ship 
are pressed by the wind against the mast ; back- 
ward. Taken aback, taken by surprise. 

AB'A-€US, n. The crowning member of a col- 
umn ; a contrivance for computing. 

A-BAFT' (G), ad. Toward the stern of a ship. 

A-BAN'DON, v. t. To give up wholly and final- 
ly, or with a view never to resume. — Syn. To 
relinquish ; forsake ; desert ; surrender ; leave ; 
forego. — We leave what we may again resume, 
as an employment; we abandon what we give 
up finally, as vice ; we relinquish what we have 
prized or sought, as a claim or hopes ; we desert 
what we ought to adhere to, as duty; we surren- 
der (usually under a necessity) what we have held 
as our own or in trust, as & fortress; we renounce 
a thing publicly or as a duty, as allegiance or the 
world; we forego an enjoyment; we forsake what 
we have frequented, as society. 

A-BaN'DON_ETJ (a-ban'dund), pp>. or a. Given 
up entirely ; very wicked. — Syn. Forsaken ; de- 
serted ; profligate ; depraved ; corrupt ; repro- 
bate. — A reprobate is one so utterly abandoned 
as to leave no hope of his recovery; & profligate 
is one who is openly and shamelessly wicked ; a 
man may be corrupt or depraved in heart with- 
out showing it in his outward life, and hence he 
may not be forsaken or deserted by the virtuous. 

A-BAN-DON-EE', n. One to whom a thing is 
abandoned. 

A-BaX'DON-ER, n. One who abandons. 

A-BaN'DON-MENT, n. Entire desertion ; final 
giving up. 

A-BaSE', v. t. To bring low, as to the ground ; 
to cast down ; to humble greatly. — Syn. To de- 
press ; degrade ; reduce ; humiliate. 

A-BaSE'MENT, n. The act of bringing very low. 
— Syn. Humiliation ; depression ; degradation. 
— A basement is a humbling, as of the proud ; de- 
basement is a corrupting, as of coin; dejjression 



ABD 

is a sinking down, as of spirits; degradation is a 
bringing down from a higher rank or grade, as 
of a peer. 

A-BaSH', v. t. To strike with sudden shame or 
fear.— Syn. To confuse ; confound. — We are con- 
fused when we lose our self-possession ; we are 
confounded when our faculties are overwhelmed 
and brought to a stand. 

A-BaS'ING, a. Very humbling. 

A-BaTE', v. t. Literally, to break or put down ; 
hence, to reduce; to diminish; to lessen; to 
cause to fail, as a writ ; to destroy, as a nuis- 
ance. 

A-BaTE'. v. i. To decrease; to fail, as a writ. — 
Syn. To decline; subside; diminish. — Lessen, 
decrease, diminish, refer to quantity or size; 
decline is to fall off; abate supposes previous 
violence, as the storm abates; subside previous 
commotion, as the tumult subsides. 

A-BaTE'MENT, n. Act of abating; decrease; a 
remitting, as of a tax ; failure, as of a writ ; the 
removing of a nuisance. — Syn. Lessening ; de- 
cline ; deduction ; reduction ; mitigation ; dim- 
inution ; discount. 

aB'A-TIS, X n. Branches of trees sharpened and 

aB'AT-TIS,j turned outward for defense. 

AB'BA, 11. A Syriac name for father. [abbot. 

aB'BA-CY, n. The condition or privileges of an 

AB-BaT'I-G-AL, a. Pertaining to an abbey. 

+A-BAT-TOIR' (a-bat-wor'), n. LFr.] A slaugh- 
ter-house. 

aB'BE (ab'by), n. [Fr.~\ Originally, an abbot ; but 
now an ecclesiastic without charge, devoted to 
teaching, literature, &c. 

aB'BESS, n. The governess of a nunnery. 

AB'BEY (ab'by), n. ; pi. Abbeys. A residence of 
monks or nuns; the dwelling of an abbot; a 
church attached to a monastery, as Westmin- 
ster jlb&ey. — Syn. Monastery; cloister; convent; 
nunnery; priory. — The distinctions will be found 
under the several words. 

aB'BOT, n. _The head of a society of monks. 

AB-BRe'VI-aTE, v. t. To bring within less space ; 
to shorten. — Syn. To abridge; contract; curtail; 
compress; condense. 

AB-BRE-VI-a'TION (-a-shun), n. The act of 
shortening; a contraction, as Gen. for Genesis. 

AB-BRE'VI-a-TOR, n. One who abridges or re- 
duces to a smaller compass. 

aB'DI-GaTE, v. t. To give up or abandon ; to 
withdraw from (as an office) with or without 
formal resignation. — Syn. To relinquish ; re- 
nounce; forsake; quit. 

a.B'DI-€aTE, v. i. To relinquish an office, with 
or without resigning. 

AB-DI-€a'TION, n. The abandonment of a pub- 
lic office with or without a formal surrender. 



A, e, &c, long. — a, S, &c, short. — care, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mae'ine, bied; move, 
dove, wolf, book ; EULE, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; <i as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + Not English. 



ABD 

AB'DI-€A-TiVE, a. Causing or implying abdi- 
cation, [of the belly. 

AB-Do'MEN, or AB'DO-MEN, n. The lower part 

AB-DoM'IN-AL, a. Pertaining to the abdomen. 

AB-D5M'IN-ALS, n. pi. A kind of fish, like sal- 
mon, &c, with ventral fins back of the pectoral. 

AB-DoM'IN-OUS, a. Having a big belly. 

AB-DuCE', v. t. To separate ; to draw away ; used 
chieliy in anatomy. [unlawful force. 

AB-DOGT', v. t. To take away by stealth or by 

AB-Du€'TION (-shun), n. A drawing or carry- 
ing away, especially of a person, by stealth or 
force. 

AB-D0€'TOR, n. The muscle which pulls back ; 
a person guilty of abduction. 

A-BE-CE-Da'RI-AN, n. One who teaches or is 
learning the alphabet. 

A-BfiD', ad. In bed ; on the bed. 

AB-ER-Ra'TION (ab-er-rft'shun), n. Act of wan- 
dering; deviation from a right line ; alienation 
of mind ; apparent change in the place of a star. 

A-BeT', v. t. To encourage or incite by aid or 
countenance ; used chiefly in a bad sense. In 
law, to encourage or assist in a criminal act. — 
Syn. To aid ; support ; sustain ; help ; assist ; fa- 
vor; further; succor; promote. 

A-BeT'MENT,1 n. The act of encouraging; sup- 

A-BeT'TING, j port. 

A-BeT'TOR, n. One who aids or encourages. — 
Syn. An abettor incites to a crime ; an accom- 
plice takes part in it; an accessary is involved in 
it by giving countenance or aid. 

A-BEY'ANCE (a-ba'ance), n. Literally, waiting; 
a state of suspension or temporary extinction 
with the expectation of a revival. 

AB-HoR', v. t. Literally, to regard with horror; 
to dislike or hate bitterly. — Syn. To detest; 
loathe; abominate; shudder at. 

AB-HoR'RENCE, n. Detestation ; great hatred. 

AB-HoR'RENT, a. Inconsistent Avith ; detesting. 

AB-H6R'RER, n. One who hates a thing greatly. 

a'BIB, n. The first month of the Jewish year. 

A-BiDE', v. i. ipret. and pp. Aisobk] To con- 
tinue in a place or dwell ; to continue firm or 
stable, as to abide forever. — Syn. To sojourn ; re- 
side ; stay, tarry ; remain ; hold to ; persist in. 

A-BIDE', v. t. Literally, to stand firm under; to 
endure or bear without shrinking, as the anger 
of God ; to await firmly, as to abide or bide one's 
time. 

A-BiD'ER, n. One who dwells or continues. 

A-BID'ING, ppr. ova. Lasting; permanent. 

A-BiD'ING-LY, ad. In a manner to continue. 

A-BIL'I-TY, n. PoAver to act, whether bodily, 
mental, or legal. In the plural, abilities is used 
for intellectual capacity. — Syn. Force; might; 
potency; capability; talent; skill; dexterity; ef- 
ficiency ; address. — As to mental powers, ability 
is the generic term ; capacity is the power of 
easily gaining or retaining knowledge ; talent is 
the power of executing; dexterity, skill, and ad- 
dress relate to ea.se of execution. [ning. 

+AB IN-I"TI-0 (-ish'e-o). [L.] From the begin- 

aB'JEGT, a. Literally, cast off: sunk very low; 
despicable.^ — Syn. Mean ; worthless; base; grov- 
eling; debased; n. one in a miserable state. 

AB'JE-CT-LY, ad. Meanly; wretchedly; basely. 

AB'JE€T-NESS, n. A mean or low state; base- 
ness, [der oath, or solemnly. 

AB-JU-Ra'TION, n. The act of renouncing un- 

AH-JuRE', v. t. To renounce under oath or with 
great solemnity. 

AB-JuR'ER, n. One who abjures. 

AB-LA€-Ta'TION, n. A weaning of a child from 
the Ireast; method of grafting by approach or 
inarching. 

AB-LA-QUE-a'TION, n. Opening the ground 
about the roots of trees. 

AB'LA-TlVE, a. or n. Denoting what takes 
away; applied to the last case of Latin nouns. 



2 ABR 

A-BLaZE", ad*. In a blaze ; highly excited. 

a'BLE (a'bl), a. Having competent power or skill ; 
capable of doing. — Syn. Strong; powerful; effi- 
cient; effective; mighty; skillful; dextrous. 

a'BLE-BOD'I.ED (-bod-id), a. Robust— when ap- 
plied to seamen skilled in service. 

AB-LU'TION (ab-lu'shun), n. The act of cleans- 

_ ing or washing. 

a'BLY, ad. With ability or skill. 

AB-NoRM'AL, a. Against rule ; irregular. 

AB-N6KM'I-TY, n. State of being irregular. 

A-BoARD', ad. In a vessel ; on board. 

A-BoDE', n. State or place of residence.— Syn. 
Dwelling; continuance; habitation; domicile. 

A-BoL'ISH, v. t. To do away with utterly;, to 
put an end to ; to make void. — Syn. To subvert; 
overturn; destroy; nullify; abrogate; annul; re- 
peal. — Abolish, subvert, overturn, and destroy, 
express under different images the same idea, 
that of doing wholly away with. We abrogate 
and annul by an authoritative act, as customs or 
a treaty, &c. ; Ave repeal by a legislative act, as 
laivs; we nullify when we set laws, &c, aside 
without their being repealed. 

A-BoL'ISH-A-BLE, a. That may be destroyed. 

A-B6I/ISH-ER, n. One who abolishes. 

AB-0-Li"TION (-lish'un), n. A doing away with 
finally and forever ; applied particularly to slav- 
ery. 

AB-0-Li"TION-I$M (-lish'un-izm), n. The prin- 
ciples of an abolitionist. 

AB-0-Ll"TION-IST (-lish'un-ist), n. One Avho fa- 
vors abolition, especially the abolition of slaA-ery. 

AB-O-Ma'SUM.) n. The fourth stomach of a ru- 

AB-O-Ma'SUS, j minant animal ; the mavv. 

A-BOM'IN-A-BLE, a. Odious in the highest de- 
gree. — Syn. Execrable; detestable; loathsome; 
hateful ; shocking. 

A-BoM'IN-aTE, v. t. Literally, to turn from as 
ominous of evil ; to hate utterly. — Syn. To de- 
test; loathe; abhor; shudder at. 

A-BOM-IN-a'TION, n. Strong aversion or loath- 
ing; an object of hatred and disgust. 

AB-O-Rig'IN-AL, a . First, or primitive. 

AB-O-Rig'IN-eS, n. pi. The original inhabitants 
oi a country. Aboriginals is not iioaa- in use. 

A-BoR'TION, n. An untimely birth ; that Avhich 
fails in its progress from being immature. 

A-BoR'TiVE, a. Immature; failing in its effect. 

A-BOUND', v. i. To be in great plenty ; to be prev- 
alent ; to possess in abundance, usually with in. 

A-BOUT', prep. Near to ; relating to ; around. 

A-BOUT', ad. Around; everyway; nearly. 

A-BOVE' (a-buA-), prep. Higher than ; more than. 

A-BOVE', ad. Overhead ; in a higher place. 

A-BGVE'-BoARD (a-biiv'bord), ad. Not conceal- 
ed ; without trick or deception. 

AB-RA-€A-DAB'RA, n. A combination of letters 
Avithout sense, formerly used as a charm against 
fevejs ; hence unmeaning babble. 

AB-RaDE', v. t. To wear off; to grate. 

AB-Ra'SION (-ra'zhun), n. A rubbing, or scrap- 
ing off; substance Avorn off by attrition. [line. 

A-BReAST' (a-bresf), ad. Side by side; on a 

+A-BREU-VOIR' (a-broo-vwor'), n. [i'>.] A wa- 
tering-place ; the joint between stones in a AA'all. 

A-BRiDgE', v. t. To bring Avithin less space ; to 
cut short ; to deprive of. — Syn. To contract ; 
shorten; condense; compress; curtail; lessen. 

A-BRIDg'MENT, n. A cutting off; contraction 
or diminution; a work abridged. — Syn. Reduc- 
tion; restriction; restraint; compend; compen- 
dium; epitome; summary; abstract; synopsis. — 
A compendium or epitome is a condensed abridg- 
ment; an abstract or summary is a brief state- 
ment of a thing in its main points; a syno2JS'is is 
a bird's-eye view of a subject or Avork in its sev- 
eral_parts. 

A-BRoACH', ad. Broached ; in a state for flow- 
ing out ; diffused abroad. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, b, &c, short. — care, far, east, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



ABR 



3 



ABU 



A-BROAD' (a-braud'), ad. Out; not at home; 
in another country ; widely spread. 

AB'RO-GaTE, v. t. To set aside by an authori- 
tative act, as a treaty or custom ; to annul. — Syn. 
To repeal ; revoke ; rescind ; cancel. 

AB-RO-Ga'TION, n. The act of annulling or 
setting aside. 

AB-RaPT', a. Literally, broken off; hence steep 
or precipitous ; disconnected ; without due prep- 
aration ; hasty or uncivil. — Syn. Sudden ; bold ; 
broken; unconnected; unceremonious. 

AB-RfiPT'LY, ad. Suddenly; unseasonably. 

AB-RuPT'NESS, n. Suddenness; steepness; great 
haste. 

AB'SCESS, n. A swelling containing pus. 

AB-SC6ND', v. i. To hide one's self; to disappear. 

AB-S€6ND'ER, n. One who absconds. 

AB-S€6XD'ING, a. Hiding from public view, 
as a debtor. 

AB'SENCE, n. A being absent, or not in a given 
place; want, as absence of proof; non-appear- 
ance in court ; inattention to things present, or 
absorption of thought. 

aB'SENT, a. Not present ; lost in thought. 

AB-SeNT', v. t. To keep away; to withdraw. 

AB-SENT-EE'J n. One who absents himself 

AB-SfiNT'ER, j from his usual or proper place, 
station, etc. 

AB-SEXT-EE'ISM, n. Absence from one's coun- 
try, duty, or station. 

AB-SINTHE', n. A cordial of brandy tinctured 
with wormwood. 

AB-SiN'THI-AN, a. Of the nature of wormwood. 

AB'SO-LuTE, a. Literally, loose (absolutus), or 
free from limitations, restrictions, etc. ; hence, 
without check or restraint, as absolute power; 
without condition, as an absolute promise ; with- 
out deficiency or failure, as absolute certainty, 
confidence, etc. ; without relation to other things, 
as absolute space, the case absolute in grammar. 
— Syn. Unlimited ; arbitrary ; despotic ; tyran- 
nical ; unconditional; positive; certain; unerr- 
ing; infallible. 

AB'SO-LUTE-LY, ad. Positively; arbitrarily. 

AB'SO-LuTE-NESS, n. Completeness; arbitrary 
power. 

AB-SO-Lu'TION, n. Release from punishment ; 
a pardoning. In the canon law, remission of 
sins pronounced by a priest to a penitent. 

AB'SO-LuT-ISM, n". Absolute government or its 
principles. 

AB-SO-LU-TiST'I€, a. Belonging to absolutism. 

AB-SoL'u-TO-RY, a. Absolving; that absolves. 

AB-SoLYE', v. t. Literally, to let loose from 
something that binds, as allegiance, an engage- 
ment, etc. ; to free ; to clear from blame ; to de- 
clare free from punishment. — Syn. To release ; 
set free ; exonerate ; acquit. — We speak of a man 
as absolved from something that binds conscience, 
as guilt or its consequences; exonerated from 
some load, as an imputation or debt, &c. ; acquit- 
ted with reference to a trial and a decision thereon. 

AB-$oLY'ER, n. One who absolves. 

AB-S6RB', v. t. Literally, to suck up or draw in, 
like a sponge ; to swallow up, like a whirlpool ; 
and hence to dissipate, as an estate ; to take up 
or wholly occupy; to engross, as one's time or 
attention. 

AB-SORB-A-BiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being ab- 
sorbed. 

AB-SoRB'A-BLE, a. That may be absorbed. 

AB-SoRB'ED,) pp. Swallowed up; wholly en- 

AB-SoRPT', j* grossed. 

AB-S6RB'ENT, a. Sucking up ; imbibing. 

AB-SORB'ENT, n. A substance or bodily organ 
which absorbs. 

AB-SoRP'TION (sorp'shun), n. The act of suck- 
ing up or drawing in ; state of being drawn in 
or swallowed up ; state of being wholly engross- 
ed in mind or feelings. 



AB-SoRP'TiYE, a. Having power to absorb. 

AB-STaIN', v. i. To keep from voluntarily, ap- 
plied chiefly to indulgences. — Syn. To refrain. 

AB-STE'MI-OUS, a. Sparing in food or strong 
drink. [ly. 

AB-STE'MI-OUS-LY, ad. Temperately; sparing- 

AB-STE'MI-OUS-NESS, n. A sparing use of food 
or strong drink. 

AB'STI-NENCE, n. A voluntary refraining from 
any act, as abstinence from labor; and espe- 
cially from some indulgence, as food, drink, etc. 
— Syn. Abstinence is shown in refraining, tem- 
perayxce in a moderate and guarded use. 

AB'STI-NENT, a. Refraining from ; temperate. 

AB-STRACT', v. t. To take from, as some part 
from a whole ; to draw away, as the mind from 
external objects; to separate; to reduce to a 
summary; to steal. 

AB'STRACT, n. That which is taken from some- 
thing else by way of compression ; a summary. 

AB'STRACT, a. Separate ; withdrawn from con- 
nected objects; not concrete; pure; abstruse. 
Abstract idea, the idea of some quality as dis- 
tinct from the object in which it inheres, as 
whiteness. Abstract term, one expressing an 
abstract idea. 

AB-STRa€T'ED-LY,> ad. Bv itself; in a separ- 

AB'STRA€T-LY, j" ate state. 

AB-STRa€T'ED-NESS, n. The state of being 
abstracted. 

AB-STRAC'TION (-strak'shun), n. The act of 
taking from ; the act of separating, particularly 
in thought; state of being withdrawn, as from 
the cares of life; absence of mind, or deep 
thought ; stealing and carrying awav. 

AB-STRA€T-i"TIOUS, a. Drawn from other 
substances. 

aB'STRACT-NESS, n. A state of being abstract. 

AB-STRuSE' (31), a. Literally, thrust away ; hid- 
den ; hence, hard to be understood. 

AB-STRCSE'LY, ad. Not plainly; darkly. 

AB-STRCSE'NESS, n. Depth and obscurity of 
meaning. 

AB-SCRD', a. Contrary to reason. — Syn. Fool- 
ish; irrational; preposterous; ridiculous. — Ab- 
surd is stronger than foolish or irrational, but 
not so strong as preposterous, which supposes a 
total inversion of the order of things. 

AB-SuRD'I-TY, n. That which is manifestly op- 
posed to reason. — Syn. Folly; unreasonableness; 
preposterousness. 

AB-SuRD'LY, ad. Unreasonably. 

AB-SuRD'NESS, n. Absurdity; inconsistency. 

A-BuND'ANCE, n. Great plenty ; fullness or 
overflowing. — Syn. Exuberance; plenteousness ; 
riches; wealth; affluence. — We have a plenty 
when we have enough ; but abundance is more 
than enough, it is an overflowing. Exuberance 
is still stronger, it is a bursting forth. 

A-BuND'ANT, a. Noting great quantity. — Syn. 
Plentiful; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing; 
copious; ample. 

A-BuND'ANT-LY, ad. Plentifully; amply. 

A-Bu$E' (-br.zeO, v. t. To use badly or wrongfully ; 
to impose upon; to reproach or maltreat; to vi- 
olate. 

A-BuSE', n. The ill use of any thing ; injury ; re- 
proachful language. — Syn. * Misuse ; maltreat- 
ment ; reproach ; derision ; insult. 

A-BuS'iYE, a. Marked by abuse. — Syn. Scurril- 
ous; insulting; reproachful; opprobrious; inso- 
lent; rude. [proachfully. 

A-BuS'iVE-LY, ad. In an abusive manner; re- 

A-BcS'iVE-NESS, n. Ill usage; rudeness. 

A-BuT', v. i. To border upon ; to join ; to term- 
inate. 

A-BCT'MENT, n. Literally, end or border; the 
solid support of a bridge or arch at the two ends 
or sides. 

A-BuT'TAL, n. The butting or boundary of land. 



dove, wolf, book; rule, bull ;- vfciors. — € as k ; Gasj; s as z; en as sn ; tuis. * Not English. 



ABY 



ACC 



A-bIIs 1 '' ( " biZm,) '[ n. A bottomless pit ; a gulf. 

A-€a'CIA (a-kiish'-ya), n. [Lat. plu. Acacia; 
Eng. plu. Acacias.] A species of tree or shrub, 
to which the gum-arabic tree belongs. 

A€-A-DE'MI-AL, a. Pertaining to an academy. 

A€-A-D£M'I€, n. A Platonic philosopher; a 
student, or member of an academy, college, or 
university. 

A€-A-DeM'I€, \ a. Pertaining to an acad- 

ACA-DeM'I€-AL,{" emy or college. 

A€-A-D£M'I€-AL-LY, ad. In an academical 
manner. 

A€-A-DE-Mi"CIAN (-mish'an), n. A Platonic 
philosopher; a member of an academy for the 
promotion of arts and sciences. 

A-€AD'E-MY, n. Plato's school of philosophy ; an 
association for the promotion of science or art ; a 
place of instruction next below a college. 

A-CAL-E'PHAN, n. A sea-animal which gives a 
prickly sensation when touched, as the sea-net- 
tle, &c. [prickles. 

AC-A-Na'CEOUS (na'shus), a. Armed with 

A-€AN'THUS, n. A spiny plant; an ornament 
in architecture resembling its leaves. 

a-€AT-A-LeCTI€, n. A verse which has its 
complete number of syllables. 

A-€AU'LiNE, \ a. Having no stem, but flowers 

A-€AU'LOUS,j resting on the ground. 

ACCEDE', v. i. To come into ; to agree or assent. 

A€-CeL'ER-aTE, v. t. To quicken or cause to 
move faster. — Syn. To hasten ; expedite ; fur- 
ther; dispatch. [ening. 

A€-CEL-ER-a'TION, n. A hastening or quick- 

A€-CeL'ER-A-TiVE, V a. Accelerating; quick- 

A€-CM/ER-A-TO-RY,j ening motion. [died. 

A€-CEND-I-BiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being kin- 

A€-C£ND'I-BLE, a. Capable of being inflamed. 

ACCENT, n. Modulation of the voice in reading 
or speaking; a stress upon certain syllables; a 
mark used in writing to direct the stress of the 
voice. 

AC-CeNT', v. t. To utter with a peculiar stress 
of voice ; to mark with accents, as in a book. 

AC-CeNT'EI), pp. or a. Uttered or marked with 
accent. 

A€-C£NT'OR, n. In music, one who takes the 
leading part. [cent. 

A€-CeNT'u-A.L (-sent'yn-al), a. Relating to ac- 

AC-CeNT'u-aTE, v. t. To mark or pronounce 
with an accent. [marking accents. 

A€-CENT-u-a'TION, n. Mode of uttering or 

AC-CePT', v. t. To receive with consent of mind ; 
to regard with favor; to agree to marry. In 
commerce, to give a written promise to pay, as a 
bill of exchange. 

AC-CePT'A-BLE, a. Received or regarded with 
pleasure; pleasing. — Syn. Agreeable; welcome. 

A€-CEPT'A-BLE-NESSJ n. The quality of be- 

AC-CEPT-A-BIL'I-TY, j ing acceptable. 

ACCePT'A-BLY, ad. Pleasingly; agreeably. 

AC-CePT'ANCE, n. Approbation ; a receiving 
with consent of mind; a receiving so as to bind, 
as the acceptance of an offer or a draft ; a draft 
thus accepted. 

A€-CEPT-a'TION, n. Acceptance. 

A€-CePT'ED,^2>. or a. Kindly received ; agreed 
to ; received so as to bind. 

ACCePT'ER, n. One who accepts. 

ACCESS' or ACCESS, n. Literally, a coming 
to ; way of approach ; admission ; increase. 

A€-C£SS'A-RY, n. In law, one not directlycon- 
cerned in a crime, but made a partaker of it by 
aid or countenance given either before or after. 
[Ac'cessary is too difficult a sound to be encour- 
aged.] [accessary. 

AC-CeSS'A-RY, a. Acceding to; pertaining to an 

A€-CESS-I-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of being 
approachable. 

AC-CESS'I-BLE, a. That may be approached. 



ACCeS'SION (-sesh'un), n. Literally, a coming 
to, as an accession to a throne; hence, increase 
by something added, as an accession of wealth. 
— Syn. Addition ; augmentation. 

AC-CES-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an accessory. 

ACCES-SO-RI-LY, ad. In the manner of an ac- 
cessory. 

ACCeSS'O-RY, n. That which comes as a sec- 
ondary; sohiething added by way of filling out, 
improving, &c. See Accessary. [Accessory is 
too difficult a sound to be encouraged.] 

AC-CeSS'O-RY, a. Performing a secondary part ; 

^ contributing ; aiding in the way of filling out. 

A.CCI-DENCE, n. A book of rudiments. 

ACCI-DENT, n. Literally, that which falls, or 
happens; a chance event; an unfortunate occur- 
rence which is either wholly casual or undesign- 
ed by its author; some quality of a substance 
which is not essential to it. 

AC-CI-DeNT'AL, a. Happening by chance ; not 
essential. — Syn. Casual ; fortuitous ; contingent ; 
incidental. — A thing is accidental when it comes 
without being planned or sought, as a meeting; 
it is incidental when it comes in as secondary or 
out of the general course, as a remark; it is cas- 
ual or fortuitous as opposed to what is constant 
and regular, as an occurrence ; it is contingent as 
opposed to what is settled and fixed, as an event. 

AC-CI-DeNT'AL-LY, ad. By chance ; unexpect- 

AC-CIPJI-ENT, n. One who receives. [edly. 

ACCLA-Mi'TION,} n ' A sll0ut of a PP lause - 

A€-€LAM'A-TO-RY, a. Expressing applause. 

A€-€Li'MaTE, v. t. To habituate (as the body) 
to a new climate. 

A€-€Li'MA-TED,#p. or a. Inured to a climate. 

A€-€Ll'MA-TuRE, n. Act of acclimating. 

A€-€LiVI-TY, n. The ascent of a hill. 

AC-CLI'VOUS, a. Rising with a slope, as a hill. 

A€-€0-LaDE', n. A ceremony used in conferring 
knighthood, either by an embrace or a blow. 

A€-€6M'MO-DaTE, v. t. Literally, to make fit 
or fitting; to adapt; hence, to make accordant or 
reconcile (in case of variance) ; to supply with (in 
case of want). — Syn. To suit ; conform ; harmon- 
ize; furnish. 

A€-€oM'MO-Da-TING, a. Disposed to oblige; 
kind; helpful. 

AC-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. Fitness or adaptation ; 
adjustment of differences; aid or convenience. 

AC-€OM-MO-Da'TION NoTE, n. A note made 
for the accommodation of the parties in distinc- 
tion from business paper. 

A€-€6M'MO-Da-TOR, n. One that accommo- 
dates. 

A€-€6M'PA-NI-MENT (ak-kiim'pa-ni-ment), n. 
An addition by way of ornament ; the act of ac- 
companying. 

A€-€OM'PA-NIST, n. The performer in music 
who takes the accompanying part. 

AC€OM'PA-NY (-ktim'pa-ny), v. t. To join with ; 
to go along with. 

A€-CoM'PLiCE, n. An associate in a crime. 

A€-€6M'PLISH, v. t. To finish entirely; to bring 
to pass; to furnish with accomplishments. — Syn. 
To execute ; fulfill ; effect ; realize. 

A€-€6M'PLISHi?D (-kom'plisht), pp. or a. Fin- 
ished ; complete. 

AC-€6M'PLISH-MENT, n. A completion; an 
acquirement which adds ornament or grace. 

AC-C6RD' (20), n. Harmony of sounds or minds; 
agreement; compact. Oivn accord, free will. 

AC-C6RD', v. t. To make agree; to grant. 

AC-C6RD', v. i. To be in accordance ; to agree. 

AC-CoRD'ANCE, n. An agreeing with. — Syn. 
Agreement; conformity; consonance. 

A€-C6RD'ANT, a. Willing ; agreeable ; con- 
senting ; corresponding. 

A€-C6RD'ING, ppr. or a. Agreeing; consonant. 
This word, in the phrase according to, is properly 



a, 1, &c, long.—l, e, &c, short.— care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



ACC 



ACI 



a participle or adjective, and agrees with some- 
thing referred to in the context. 

AC-CoRD'ING-LY, ad. In accordance with. 

A€-€6RD'I-ON, n. A small musical instrument 
with keys and a bellows within, held between 
the hands in playing. 

AC-C6ST' (20), v. t. To address ; to speak first to. 

*A€-€oUcHE'MENT (ak-koosh'mang), n. [Fr.] 
Delivery in childbirth. 

*AC-CoUcH-EUR' (ak-koosh-aur'), n. LFV.] A 
man who assists women in childbirth. 

A€-€OUNT', v. t. To reckon or hold in opinion. 
— Syn. To consider ; regard : estimate ; esteem. 

AC -COUNT', v. i. To give an account ; to assign 
a reason ; to constitute a reason, as, this accounts 
for the fact. 

AC-COUNT', n. A statement ; an explanation ; a 
bill drawn out ; sake ; value. — Syn. Narrative ; 
narration; recital; description; detail. — In giv- 
ing an account of a thing, if we make it a con- 
tinuous story, it is a narrative or narration ; if 
we dwell on minute particulars, it is a recital or 
detail; if we picture a thing out, it is a descrip- 
tion, [count. 

AC-COUNT- A-B1L'I-TY, n. Liability to give ac- 

AC-COUNT'A-BLE, a. Liable to give account. 
— Syn. Amenable; responsible. 

AC-COUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. A being subject to 
answer or account for. [in accounts. 

AC-t'OUNT'ANT, n. One who keeps, or is skilled 

AC-COUNT'ING, n. Act of reckoning or adjust- 
ing accounts. 

A€-C6U'TER.} (ak-koo'ter), v. t. To furnish with 
C-CoU'TRE.j < 
those of a soldier. 



AC-CoU'TRE.j dress or equipments, especially 



A€-€oU'TERE D (ak-koo'terd)., pp. or a. Dressed 
in arms; equipped. 

AC-C6U'TER-MENTS,J (-koot'ur-ments), n. pi. 

AC-CoU'TRE-MENTS.f Equipage; trappings. 

AC-CR£D'IT, v. t. To furnish with credentials, 
as an envoy to a foreign court. Also, to receive 
on the faith of such credentials. 

AC-CRED-IT-a'TION (-shun), n. That which 
gives credit or reception. 

AC-CReD'IT-ED, pp. or a. Recommended to, or 
received with credit ; authorized. 

AC-CRe'TION (-shun), n. A growing to ; an in- 
crease. 

AC-CRuE' (31), (ak-krti'), v. i. Literally, to grow 
to ; to come or be added as the natural result. — 
Syn. To spring up ; follow ; arise. [ed. 

AC-CRt'ING, ppr. or a. Growing to ; being add- 

AG-CRu'MENT, n. Addition ; increase. 

AC-CU-Ba'TION, n. A reclining, as on a couch. 

AC-CCM'BEN-CY, n. State of being accumbent. 

AC-CuM'BENT, a. Lying; reclining. 

AC-Cu'MU-LaTE, v. t. To heap together.— Syn. 
To pile up ; _amass ; gather ; collect. [greatly. 

AC-Cu'MU-LaTE, v. i. To grow or increase 

AC-Cu'MU-La-TED, pp. or a, Collected into a 
heap or great quantity. 

AC-Cu-MU-La'TION, n. The act of heaping up ; 
a great collection. — Syn. Pile ; mass ; heap. 

AC-Cu'MU-LA-TIYE, a. That accumulates. 

AC-Cu'MU-La-TOR, n. One that accumulates. 

AC'CU-RA-CY, I n. Conformity to truth or 

AG'CU-RATE-NESSJ rule; exactness; close- 
ness. 

AC'CU-RATE, a. Done with care; without error 
or defect; exact; close. — Syn. Correct; precise; 
just; nice. — A man is accurate or correct when 
he avoids faults; exact when he attends to all 
the minutiae, leaving nothing neglected; precise 
when he does any thing according to a certain 
rule or measure. 

AC'CU-RATE-LY, ad. Exactly; nicely. 

AC-CuRSE', v. t. To doom to misery ; to curse. 

AC-CCRS'ED, pp. or a. (part, pronounced ak- 
kurst', o. ak-kurs'ed). Cursed ; excommuni- 
cated. 



A€-Cu'$ANT, n. One that accuses. [crime. 

AC-CU-$a'TION, n. A complaint ; charge of a 

AC-€u'$A-TIVE, a. or n. Noting in grammar the 
case on which the action of a verb terminates; 
objective. 

AC-CD'SA-TiYE-LY, ad. In an accusative man- 
ner ;_ in relation to the accusative case. [ing. 

AC-Cu',-SA-TO-RY, a. Containing a charge; blarn- 

AC-€u$E', v. t. To charge with crime or wrong 
doing. — Syn. To arraign ; censure ; impeach. — 
"We censure or accuse a man for what is wrong; 
we arraign him for trial ; we impeach him lor 
mal-adminislration or impropriety. 

AC-CuSFD', pp. or a. Charged with a crime. 

A€-Cu$'ER, n. One who brings a charge. 

AC-GuS'TOM, v. t. To make familiar by use. 

AC-CuS'TOM£D, pp. Being habituated by use; 
trained; a. usual; used. 

aCE, n. A unit on cards or dice ; a trifle. 

A-CePH'A-LAN, n. A class of animals having no 
head, as the oyster. 

A-CePH'A-Li (-s£f a-li), n. pi. A sect of levelers 
who acknowledge no head or superior. 

A-CePH'A-LOUS (sef'a-lus), a. Without a head ; 
headless. [one spot. 

aCE'POINT, n. The side of a die which has but 

A-CeRB' (13), a. Sour with bitterness. 

A-CERB'I-TY, n. Bitterness of taste or of spirit. 

A-CeR'IC, a. Applied to an acid from the maple. 

A-C'ERY'AL, a. Occurring in heaps. 

A-CeS'CEN-CY, n. A tendency to sourness. 

A-CeS'C_ENT, a. Tending to sourness. 

AC-E-Ta'RI-OUS, a. Noting plants used as salads. 

aC'E-TA-RY, n. An acid, pulpy substance in cer- 
tain fruits. [united to a base. 

aC'E-TaTE, n. A saNtformed by the acetic acid 

A-CeT'IC aC'ID, n. The concentrated acid of 
vinegar. 

A-CeT'I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of turning sour, 
or the operation of making vinegar. 

A-CeT'I-Fy, v. t. or i. To turn into acid or vine- 
egar. 

AC-E-TIM'E-TER, n. A contrivance for ascer- 
taining the strength of vinegar. 

AC-E-TDI'E-TRY, n. The art of ascertaining the 
strength of vinegar or acetic acid. 

A-Ce'TOUS, a. Sour ; causing acetification. 

aCHE (ake), v. i. To suffer continued pain. 

ACHE (ake), n. A continued pain. 

a€H'E-RON (ak'e-ron). n. The fabled river of hell. 

A-CHIeY'A-BLE, a. That may be performed. 

A-CHIeVE' (a-cheevO- v. t. To perform or exe- 
cute ; to gain or obtain ; to bring to a favorable 
issue. — Syn. To complete; accomplish; fulfill; 
realize. 

A-CHIeYE'MENT, n. The performance of an ac- 
tion ; some great exploit ; an escutcheon or sign 
armorial. — Syn. Feat ; deed ; completion. 

A-CHIeV'ER, n. One who accomplishes a purpose. 

aCH'ING (ak'ing), ppr. or a. Being in continued 
pain ; suffering distress ; n. continued pain or 

_ distress. [head. 

a'CHOR (a'kor), n. A cutaneous d'sease on the 

ACH-RO-MaT'IC (ak-ro-mat'ik), a. Destitute of 
color ; a term applied to telescopes having lenses 
so arranged as to avoid being colored. 

ACH-R0-MA-TiC'I-TY,> n. The state of being 

A-CHRo'MA-TISM, j achromatic. 

A-CIC'u-LAR, a. In the form of needles. 

AC'ID (as'id), a. Sour; sharp; like vinegar. 

ACID (as'id), n. A sour substance; a substance 
by which salts are formed. 

A-L'iDT-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be acidified. 

A-CID-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of acidifying. 

A-CiD'I-FLE'D (-sid'e-fide), pp. or a. Made acid ; 
converted into an acid. 

A-CiD'I-FI-ER, n. That which forms an acid. 

A-CiD'I-Fy, v. t. or i. To make or become acid. 

AC-ID-iM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascer- 
taining the strength of acids. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; tiasj; s as z ; ch as sn ; mis. * Xot English. 



ACI 

A-CiD'I-TY, \ n. Quality of being sour; sharp- 

AC'ID-NESS,j ness; sourness. 

A-CiD'U-LaTE, v. t. To make slightly acid. 

A€-KNoWL'EDGE (-nol'edje), v. t. To admit; 
to own as true, real, valid, etc. — Syn. To con- 
cede ; confess ; allow ; recognize. — We acknowl- 
edge what we feel bound to make known, as a 
fault or a favor ; we concede and allow what is 
claimed or asked ; we recognize when at first we 
were doubtful ; we confess what is wrong or may 
appear so. 

A€-KN5WL'EDGM),pp. or a. Owned; believed. 

A€-KN6WL'EDg-MENT, n. The owning of a 
thing ; confession ; thanks. 

a€'Me n. The height or top of a thing; crisis. 

A-€olA)-THIST,t n. A servitor of the lowest 

aG'O-LyTE, j class in the ancient church- 

AC'O-NiTE, n. Wolfs' -bane, a poison. [es. 

A 'CORN, n._ The seed or fruit of an oak. 

a-COT-Y-Le'DON, n. A plant whose seeds have 
no lobes. [lobes. 

a-COT-Y-LeD'ON-OUS, a. Having no seed- 

A-COUS'TIC (-kow'stik), a. Pertaining to the 
hearing, or to the doctrine of sounds. 

A-COUS'TI€S, n.pl. The science of sounds; rem- 
edies for deafness. 

AC-QUaINT', v. t. To inform ; to make familiar. 
— Syn. To apprise ; to communicate. 

AC-QUaINT'ANCE, n. Familiar knowledge; one 
well known. — Syn. Familiarity ; fellowship; in- 
timacy. — Intimacy is the result of close connec- 
tion, and bence is the stronger word ; familiarity 
springs from frequent intercourse. [versed. 

AC-QUaINT'ED, pp. or a. Informed; familiar; 

AC-QUI-ESCE' (ak-kwe- ss'), v. i. To submit to 
what is not most agreeable ; to yield assent. — 
Syn. To accede; assent; consent; comply. 

AC-QUI-eS'CENCE, n. A quiet yielding or sub- 
mission, [submit. 

AC-QIT-ES'CENT, a. Submitting; disposed to 

AC-QUIRE', v. t. To gain something permanent. 
— Syn. To attain ; obtain ; win ; secure. 

AC-QUIRE'MENT, n. Something acquired. — 
Syn. Attainment; gain. 

AC-QUI-Sl"TION (ak-we-zish'un), n. The act of 
gaining; the thing gained. [quire. 

AC-QUl$'I-TlVE, a. Acquired; anxious to ac- 

AC-QUi$'I-TiVE-LY, ad. A word followed by to 
or for is said to be used acquisitively. 

AC-QUi$'I-TlVE-NESS, n. Desire of acquiring. 

AC-QUIT', v. t. To set free; to release or dis- 
charge from an obligation, censure, charge, sus- 
picion, etc. — Syn. To clear; absolve. 

AC-QUIT'TAL,n. A formal release from a charge. 

AC-QUIT'TANCE, n. A receipt in full for debt. 

A-GRaSE',} v. t. To make crazy; to impair; to 

A-GRaZE',) destroy. 

a'GRE (a'ker), n. A piece of land containing 160 
square rods or perches, or 4S40 square yards. 

a'GRE-AgE (fi'ker-aje), n. A sum total of acres. 

ACRID, a. Of a biting taste ; sharp ; pungent. 

AC'RID-NESS, n. A bitter quality; pungency. 

AC-RI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Full of bitterness.— Syn. 
Sharp ; severe ; bitter. [bitterness. 

AG-RI-MO'NI-OUS-LY, ad. With sharpness or 

AG'RI-MO-NY, 11. Sharpness; bitterness of feel- 
ing or language. — Syn. Asperity ; harshness ; 
tartness. — Acrimony springs from an embittered 
spirit ; tartness from an irritable temper ; asper- 
ity and harshness from disregard for the feelings 
of others. 

A.CRO-BAT, n. Literally, one who moves high ; 
one who practices high-vaulting, rope-dancing, 
&c. 

AC-RO-BaT'IG, a. Belonging to an acrobat or 
his exercises. 

A-GRog'EN-OUS, a. Growing or increasing at 
the extremity. 

A-CRoN'IC-AL, a. A term applied to the rising 
of a star at sunset, or its setting at sunrise. 



6 ADA 

A-CR5P'0-LIS, n. The citadel of a town, espe- 
cially of Athens. 

AG'RO-SPiRE, n. A shoot or sprout of a seed. 

A-CR6SS' (20), ad. or prep. Crosswise; athwart; 
over. 

A-0R6S'TIC, n. A poem whose initial letters 
form the name of some person or thing. 

A-€R6S'TI€-AL-LY, ad. In the manner of an 
acrostic._ 

AG-RO-Te'RI-A, n. pi. Small pedestals. 

ACT, v. i. To exert power; to be in action; to 
conduct or behave ; to play. 

ACT, v. t. To perform ; to feign or counterfeit ; 
to play. 

ACT, n. Something done ; a deed or exploit ; the 
decree of a legislative body ; a larger division 
of a play. 

ACT'INGr,2>pr. or a. Doing; performing; behav- 
ing; n. action; act of performing ; the playing 
a part. 

AC-TIN'IG, a. Belonging to actinism. 

AG-TlN'I-FORM, a. Having a radiated form. 

aG'TIN-ISM, n. A property in the rays of light 
which produces chemical changes, as in da- 
guerreotyping. 

XC'TION (ak'shun), n. State of acting; thing 
performed ; a lawsuit ; a battle ; gesticulation. 
[Fr.] Share of stock. 

aG'TION-A-BLE, a. For which a suit will lie. 

aG'TION-A-RY, n. In France, a proprietor of 
stock in a joint-stock company. 

ACT'IVE, a. Noting action, quick motion, or 
advance. — Syn. Brisk ; alert ; agile ; nimble ; 
sprightly; prompt; quick. — Agile and nimble 
relate to bodily movements, the others may ap- 
ply either to the body or the mind. 

AGT'IVE-LY, ad. Nimbly; in a nimble manner. 

AGT'lVE-NESS,^ n. Quality of being active; 

ACT-IV'I-TY, j nimbleness. 

AOT'OR, n. One who acts; one who plays on 
the stage. 

AOT'RESS, n. A female who acts or plays. 

a€T'u-AL, a. Really existing in fact or at pres- 
ent; effective; certain; positive. 

A€T-U-aL'I-TY, n. Reality. 

ACT'u-AL-LY, ad. . Really; verily; truly. 

a€T'u-A-RY, n. The clerk of certain courts and 
insurance offices. 

aGT'u-aTE, v. t. To put into action ; to excite. 
— Syn. To move; impel; instigate; induce. 

A-Ou'LE-ATE, a. Prickly; having a sting or 
point. 

A-€u'MEN, n. Sharpness; penetration of mind. 
— Syn. Acuteness; astuteness; shrewdness; per- 
spicuity ; discernment. 

A-€u'MIN-ATE, a. Sharp-pointed. 

A-OU-MIN-a'TION, n. A sharpening; termin- 

_ ation in a sharp point. 

A-€U-PuN€T'uRE (-punkt'yur), n. The pricking 
of_a part with a needle for the cure of a disease. 

A-CuTE', a. Sharp as opposed to blunt; not 
grave, as an acute accent; keen-witted; nicely 
discriminative. — An acute disease is sharp and 
usually short; a chronic one is of long duration. 
— Syn. Penetrating ; piercing ; pointed ; shrewd ; 
subtle. 

A-€uTE'LY, ad. Sharply; shrewdly; keenly*. 

+AD. A Latin preposition signifying to, changed 
sometimes to ac. 

aD'AgE, n. A remark which has obtained credit 
byjong use. — Syn. Maxim ; proverb ; aphorism. 

AD-a'gI-O, n. A mark or sign of slow time. 

AD'A-MANT, n. A very hard stone ; loadstone. 

AD-A-MANT-E'AN, a. Extremely hard. 

AD-A-MaNT'iNE, a. Made of, or like adamant. 
Adamantine Spar, a very hard variety of corun- 
dum, [throat. 

aD'AM'S-aP'PLE, n. The prominent part of the 

AD-AN-So'NI-A, n. The African calabash-tree, 
being the largest of trees. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, fak, last, fall, what; tueke, tekm; makine, bird; wove, 



- 



ADA 



ADM 



A-DaPT", v. t. To make fit or suitable.— Stn. 
To suit; accommodate; adjust; apply; attune. 

AD-APT-a'TION, n. The act of fining or suit- 
ing; state of fitness. 

+AD AR-BiT'RI-UM. LL.] At pleasure or will. 

+AD €AP-TaN'DUM. LL.] To captivate the vul- 
gar. 

ADD, v. t. To join or put to; to increase; to 
cast up, as figures. — Syn. To subjoin ; to annex. 
—We add numbers, &c. ; we subjoin an after- 
thought; we annex some adjunct, as territory. 

+AD-DeN'DUM,w. ; pi. Ad-den'da. [L.] Things 
to be added. 

AD'DER, n. A venomous serpent ; a viper. 

AD-Di€T', v. t. To give up to habitually.— Syn. 
To devote; to dedicate to.— Addict is commonly 
used in a bad sense, the other two in a good one ; 
addicted to vice ; devoted to literature ; dedicated 
to religion. 

AD-D!€T'ED,#p. Given up; devoted; fond of. 

AD-Di€T'ED-NESS, n. Devotedness. 

AD-Di"TION (-dish'un), n. Act of adding; the 
thing added ; a rule in arithmetic ; a man's ti- 
tle added to his name. — Syn. Increase ; acces- 
sion : augmentation. 

AD-Di"TION-AL (-dlsb/un-al), a. That is or may 
be added. 

AD-Di" TION-AL-LY, ad. By way of addition. 

AD'DLE, a. Bad; barren; empty. 

aD'DLE-Pa-TED, a. Having empty brains. 

AD'DLi?D (ad'dld), a. Morbid; corrupt; putrid, 
or barren. 

AD-DRESS', v. t. To apply to ; to speak or write 
to; to direct to; to make love; to consign by 
letter. 

AD-DR£SS', n. A speech; a formal communica- 
tion in writing; dexterity; mode of intercourse; 
direction of a letter. — Syn. Adroitness; tact. 

AD-DReSS'ES, n. pi. Attentions of a lover. 

AD-Du(JE' (28), v. t. To bring forward by way of 
proof. — Syn. To allege; cite; quote; advance. 

AD-Du'CEXT, a. Bringing forward or together. 

AD-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be adduced. 

AD-DipG'TiVE, a. That brings forward. 

•frAD-E-LAN-TX'DO, n. [Sp.] The Spanish gov- 
ernor of a province. 

AD-EX-oL'O-gY, n. The doctrine of the glands, 
their nature and uses. 

A-DePT', n. One well skilled in some art, &c. 

A-DePT', a. "Well skilled ; skillful. [cient. 

aD'E-QUA-CY, n. The quality of being suffi- 

AD'E-QUATE, a. Fully sufficient; equal to. — 
Syx. Enough; competent; requisite. 

AD'E-QUATE-LY, ad. In proportion ; fitly. 

+AD E-uN'DEM. LL.] To the same. 

+AD FI'XEM. LL.] To the end. 

AD-HeRE', v. i. To stick close ; to remain fixed ; 
to cleave. — Syn. To cling ; hold fast ; abide by. 

AD-HeR'EXCE, I n. The quality or state of ad- 

AD-HeR'EN-CY,j hering. 

AD-HER'EXT, a. United with or to ; sticking. 

AD-HeR'ENT, n. One who cleaves to or sup- 
ports some person or cause. — Syn. Partisan; fol- 
lower; supporter; advocate. 

AD-HeR'ENT-LY, ad. In an adherent manner. 

AD-He'$ION (-he'zhun), n. The act or state of 
adhering. — Glutinous bodies unite by adhesion; 
the particles of a homogeneous body by cohesion. 
To give in one's adhesion, to declare one's union 
to a party or cause. [nacious. 

AD-He'SiVE, a. That sticks to or adheres; te- 

AD-He'SiVE-LY, ad. In an adhesive manner. 

AD-He'SiVE-NESS, n. The quality of sticking; 
tendency to persevering attachments. 

+AD HoM'I-NEM. LL.] Literally, to the man; 
i. e., to one's conduct or principles. 

A-DIEu' (a-df/), ad. and n. An elliptical form 
of speech for, I commend you to God ; farewell. 

+AD IN-FI-NT'TUM. [Z,.] To endless extent. 

+AD IN-QUI-ReN'DUM. [L.] For inquiry. 



+AD iN'TER-IM. [L.] In the mean while. 

AD'I-PO-CeRE', n. A substance like spermaceti, 
into which bodies are changed by burial in moist 
places. 

AD'IT, n. A horizontal or inclined entrance into 
a mine. A shaft is perpendicular. 

AD-J a'CEN-CY, 11. State of bordering upon. 

AD-Ja'OENT, a. Lying close to j bordering upon. 

AD-Je€T', v. t. To put one thing to another. 

AD-JE€-Tl'VAL, a. Pertaining to an adjective. 

AD'JE€ T-lVE, n. A word added to a noun to de- 
scribe it, or denote some property of it 

AD'JE€T-iVE, a. Noting addition, as an adject- 
ive noun. Adjective color, one which requires 
the addition of a mordant to give it permanency. 

AD'JE€T-i VE-LY, ad. In the manner of an ad- 
jective. 

AD-JOIX', v. i. To be next to; to be in contact 
or very near. 

AD-JOIN', v. t. To join or unite to. 

AD-JOIN'ING, a. Joining to. — Syn. Adjacent; 
contiguous; neighboring. — Things are adjacent 
or neighboring when they are near to each other; 
adjoining and contiguous when they are close by 
or in contact. 

AD-JO CRN' (ad-jurn'), v. t. To put off to a future 
time. — Sy t n. To postpone; defer; delay; pro- 
rogue. — A court, legislature, or meeting are ad- 
journed; parliament is prorogued at the end of 
a session ; we delay or defer a thing to a future 
time ; we postpone it when we make it give way 
to something else. 

AD-JOCRN', v. i. To suspend business for a time ; 
to close the session of a public body. 

AD-JOuRXi?D' (ad-jurndO, pp. Put off, delayed, 
or deferred for a limited time ; a. held by ad- 
journment. 

AD-JOuRN'MENT (-jurn'ment), n. The act of 
adjourning ; the putting off to some specified day, 
or without day ; the interval during which a pub- 
lic body defers business. 

AD-JuDgE', v. t. To decide judicially or by au- 
thority; to_sentence. 

AD-Ju'DI-€aTE, v. t. To decide by law. 

AD-Ju-DI-€a'TION, n. Judicial trial or sen- 
tence. 

AD'J UN€T, n. Something joined to another, but 
not an essential part of it ; an appendage. 

AD'JUN€T, a. Added to or united with. 

AD-JuN€T'lVE, a. Having the quality of join- 
ing ; n. that which is joined. [quently. 

AD-JONGT'LY, ad. In connection with; conse- 

AD-JU-Ra'TION, n. A solemn charging on oath. 

AD-JuRE', v. t. To charge on oath; to enjoin 
earnestly. 

AD-JOST', v. t. To make exact or conformable; 
to reduce to order; to set right. — Syn. To fit; 
adapt ; suit ; accommodate. 

AD-JuST'ER^ n. A person who adjusts. 

AD-JuST'MENT, 11. Reducing to order or due con- 
formity; arrangement; disposition; settlement. 

aD'JU-TAgE. See Ajutage. 

aD'JU-TAN-CY, n. The office of an adjutant. 

AD'JU-TANT, n. An officer who assists the supe- 
rior officers in the execution of orders. 

AD-Ju'TOR, n. A helper ; assistant; promoter. 

AD'JU-VANT, a. Helping; assisting. 

+AD LiB'I-TUM. LL.] At pleasure. 

AD-MeAS'URE (ad-muzh'ur), v. t. To take the 
dimensions of ; to apportion. [sions. 

AD-MeAS'URE-MENT, 11. A taking of dimen- 

AD-MeAS'UR-ER, n. One that admeasures. 

AD-MEN-SU-Ra'TION, ii. The act of measuring. 

AD-MIN'IS-TER, v. t. To carry on, as govern- 
ment ; to dispense, as justice ; to give, as an oath. 
— Syn. To manage; conduct; supply. 

AD-MiN'IS-TER, v. i. To contribute ; to perform 
the office of administrator. 

AD-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to admin- 
istration, or to the executive part of government. 



dove, wolf; book, eule, bull; vi"cious. — e as k; q as j; s as z; ch as su; tuis. * Xot English. 



ADM 



8 



ADV 



AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, n. The act of adminis- 
tering; the executive part of the government; 
dispensation ; the management of the estate of 
an intestate person; the power or office of ad- 
ministration. 

AD-MiN'IS-TRA-TiVE, a. That administers. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TOR, n. A man that manages 
an intestate estate. [ministrator. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of ad- 

AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TRIX, n. A woman that admin- 
isters upon the estate of an intestate. 

AD'MI-RA-BLE, a. To be admired.— Syn. Won- 
derful; rare; excellent; surprising. 

aD'M1-RA-BLE-NESS,1 n. A quality raising ad- 

AD-MI-RA-BlL'I-TY, j miration. [very. 

AD'MI-RA-BLY, ad. Wonderfully; excellently; 

AD'MI-RAL, n. The commander of a fleet. 

AD'MI-RAL-SHIP, n. The office of an admiral. 

AD'MI-RAL-TY, n. The body which controls na- 
val affairs in England. Court of Admiralty, a 
court which decides questions arising on the high 
seas. 

AD-MI-Ra'TION, n. Approbation or esteem min- 
gled with wonder. 

AD-MIRE', v. t. To wonder at; to regard with 
mingled wonder, esteem, and affection. 

AD-MIRE', v. i. To regard with admiration. 

AD-MIRjGD' (ad-mird'), pp. or a. Regarded with 
admiration, wonder, or surprise. 

AD-MiR'ER, n. One that admires; a lover. 

AD-MIS-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of being 
admissible. 

AD-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That may be admitted. 

AD-MiS'SION (-mish'un), n. Leave to enter ; ac- 
cess; assent. 

AD-MIT', v. t. To allow ; to let in ; to receive as 
true or right; to be capable of. — Syn. To con- 
cede; grant; permit. — Admit has the widest 
sense. We grant or concede what is claimed ; we 
allow what we suffer to take place or yield; we 
permit what we consent to. 

AD-MIT'TANCE,n. The act or power of entering. 

AD-MIT'TED, pp. or a. Allowed ; received. 

AD-MiX', v. t. To mingle with something else. 

AD-MiX'TuRE (-mikst'yur), n. A mixing; what 
is mixed. 

AD-MoN'ISH, v. t. To reprove kindly; to warn 
against wrong practice or danger; to instruct or 
direct authoritatively. — Syn. To reprove; re- 
buke; reprimand; warn; advise. — We advise as 
to future conduct ; we warn of danger or by way 
of threat ; we admonish with a view to one's im- 
provement ; we reprove, reprimand, and rebuke 
by way of punishment. 

AD-MoN'ISH-ER, n. A reprover; an adviser. 

AD-MO-Nl"TION (-nish'un), n. Kind reproof; 
counsel ; advice. 

AD-M6N'I-TiVE, a. Containing admonition. 

AD-MoN'I-TOR, n. One who admonishes, [ing. 

AD-MoN'I-TO-RY, a. That admonishes; warn- 

aD'XOUN, n. An adjective. [stir. 

A-Do' (a-dooO, n. Trouble ; difficulty ; bustle ; 

A-Do'BE (a-do'by), n. An unburnt brick dried 
in the sun. 

AD-O-LeS'CENCE, n. The period between child- 
hood and manhood. 

AD-O-LkS'CENT, a. Growing ; advancing from 
childhood to manhood. 

A-D6PT', v. t. To select and make one's own 
when not so before, as to adopt a child, an opin- 
ion, &c. [tion. 

A-DOPT'ED, pp. or a. Made one's own by adop- 

A-D6P'TION (-shun), n. The act of adopting, or 
state of being adopted ; the receiving as one's 
own. 

A-DoPT'iVE, a. Adopted ; adopting another. 

A-DoR'A-BLE, a. Worthy of adoration. 

A-DoR'A-BLE-NESS, n. A quality exciting ad- 
oration. 

A-DoR'A-BLY, ad. With adoration or worship. 



AD-O-Ra'TION, n. Divine worship ; the height 
of2ove. 

A-DoRE', v. t. To worship with the deepest rev- 
erence ; to love in the highest degree. 

A-DoK'ER, n. A worshiper; a lover. 

A-D.oR'ING, ppr. or a. Regarding with the high- 
est reverence or love ; reverential. 

A-DoRN', v. t. To render beautiful ; to decorate. 
— Syn. To deck; embellish; set off; beautify; 
ornament. — We decorate and ornament for the 
sake of show ; we embellish and adorn to height- 
en beauty. 

A-DoRN'ING, T ~ . 

A-DoRN'MENT ( * Ornament; embellishment. 

AD-OS-€U-La'TION, n. The impregnation of 
plants by the falling of the farina on the pistil; 
it is also a species of budding or ingrafting. 

A-DOWN', prep. Down ; toward the ground ; ad. 
downward; implying descent. 

*AD REF-ER-fiN'DUM. LL.] For further con- 
sideration. 

A-DRiFT', a. orad, Floating at random ; at large. 

A-DROIT', a. Literally, with the right hand ; dex- 
trous. — Syn. Skillful ; expert ; clever. 

A-DROIT'LY, ad. Dextrously; ingeniously; skill- 
fully. 

A-DROIT'NESS, n. Dexterity; readiness of body 
or mind. — Syn. Skill; ingenuity; promptitude. 

A-DRT', a. Thirsty; in want of drink. 

AD-SCI-Ti"TIOUS (-se-tish'us), a. Brought in as 
supplemental; added; not requisite. 

AD-u-La'TION (ad-yii-lfi'tion), n. Servile flat- 
tery; sycophancy. — Syn. Flattery; compliment. 
— A man who respects himself may use the lan- 
guage of compliment, and perhaps of flattery, but 
never of adulation. 

aD'u-La-TOR, n. A servile flatterer ; sycophant. 

aD'u-LA-TO-RY, a. Flattering to excess. 

AD'u-La-TRESS, n. A female that flatters with 
servility. 

A-DuLT', n. A person grown to maturity. 

A-DuLT', a. Grown up ; past the age of infancy. 

A-DuL'TER-ANT, n. A person or thing that 
adulterates. 

A-DuL'TER-aTE, v. t. To debase or corrupt by 
mixture. — Syn. To contaminate ; corrupt. 

A-DuL'TER-aTE, v. i. To commit adultery. 

A-DuL'TER-ATE, a. Debased; polluted. 

A-DUL-TER-a'TION, n. The act of adulterating; 
the state of being adulterated. 

A-Dul/TER-ER, n. A man who is guilty of adul- 
tery, [tery. 

A-DCL'TER-ESS, n. A woman that commits adul- 

A-DdL'TER-iNE, a. Proceeding from adultery; 
n. a child born in adultery. 

A-DuL'TER-OUS, a. Guilty of adultery; idola- 
trous ; very wicked. 

A-DuL'TER-Y, n. A violation of the marriage 
bed. In Scripture, idolatry. 

A-DuLT'NESS, n. The state of being an adult. 

AD-uM'BRANT, a. Giving a faint shadow. 

AD-uM'BRaTE, v. t. To shadow faintly out ; to 

typify- 

AD-UM-BRa'TION, n. The act of shadowing 

forth ; a faint resemblance. 
+AD VA-Lo'REM. [£.] According to value. 
AD-VaNCE' (6), n. A moving forward or higher ; 

hence, progress; promotion; additional price; 

first offer or hint ; anticipation of payment. 
AD-VANCE', v. t. To bring forward or higher ; to 

raise ; to promote ; to improve and make better ; 

to offer or propose ; to pay beforehand. — Syn. To 

adduce ; allege ; proceed ; heighten. 
AD-VANCE', v. i. To move forward or higher ; to 

rise ; to improve ; to rise in rank. 
AD-VANCi'D' (-vanst'), pp. or a. Improved; 

brought forward or higher; paid beforehand; 

old. [point; promotion; improvement. 

AD-VANCE'MENT, n. Progress toward a higher 
AD-VANC'ER, n. A promoter. 



1, 1, &c, long.— 1, e, &c, short.— care, far, last, fall, what; tueke, teem; marine, lied; move, 



ADV 



9 



iES 



AD-VaN'CiVE, a. Tending to promote. 

AD-VaN'T AgE (6), n. Favorable circumstances ; 
superiority: benefit; gain. 

AD-VaN'TAgE, v. t. To benefit; to promote. 

AD-VAX-Ta'gEOUS (-tii'jus), a. Favorable to 
success; profitable; convenient. 

AD-VAN-Ta'gEOUS-LY, ad. Profitably. 

AD-VAN-Ta'gEOUS-NESS, n. Usefulness; prof- 
itableness. 

AD'VENT, n. Literally, a coming; a season in 
commemoration of the coming of the Savior. It 
includes four Sundays before Christmas. 

AD-VEN-Ti"TIOUS (-tlsh'us), a. Added ; not es- 
sentially inherent. [manner. 

AD-VEN-Ti"TIOUS-LY, ad. In an adventitious 

AD-VeNT'iVE, n. A thing or person that comes 
from without; a. accidental; adventitious. 

AD-VeNT'u-AL, a. Pertaining to advent. 

AD-VeNT'uRE (-vSnt'yur), n. An extraordinary 
event; an enterprise involving hazard; proper- 
ty ventured in a voyage. — Syn. Incident ; occur- 
rence; contingency. 

AD-VeNT'uRE, v. t. To put at hazard ; to risk. 

AD-VeNT'uRE, v. i. To try the chances ; to dare. 

AD-VeNT'uR-ER, n. One who adventures; one 
who lives by chance or relies for success on his 
boldness or good fortune. 

AD-VeNT'uR-OUS, \ a. Hazardous; daring; 

AD-VfiNT'uRE-S6ME,j" enterprising. 

AD-VeNT'uR-OUS-LY, ad. Boldly; daringly. 

AD'VeRB (13), n. A word which modifies the ac- 
tion of a verb, or the quality of adjectives or oth- 
er adverbs. 

AD-VeRB'I-AL, a. Relating to or like an adverb. 

AD-VeRB'I-AL-LY, ad. In manner of an adverb. 

+AD-VER-Sa'RI-A, n, [£.] A commonplace-book. 

AD'VER-SA-RY, n. One who is hostile or opposed. 
— Syn. Opponent; antagonist; enemy; foe. — 
Unfriendly feelings mark the enemy; habitual 
hostility the adversary; active hostility the foe. 
Opponents are those who are pitted against each 
other ; antagonists those who struggle in the con- 
test with ali their might. 

AD'VER-SA-RY, a. Adverse; opposed. 

AD-VeRS'A-TiVE, a. Denoting opposition ; n. a 
word denoting contrariety or opposition. 

aD'VeRSE (13), a. Opposed to ; contrary to one's 
desires or interests. — Syn. Hostile ; conflicting; 
unfortunate; calamitous. 

aD'VeRSE-LY, ad. With opposition ; unfortu- 
nately, [ness. 

AD' VeRSE-NESS, n. Opposition ; unprosperous- 

AD-VeRS'I-TY, n. Adverse circumstances; a state 
of misfortune. — Syn. Calamity ; affliction ; dis- 
tress ; misery. [tend ; regard ; observe. 

AD-VERT', v. i. To turn the mind.— Syn. To at- 

AD-VERT'ENCE, > n. Attention; consideration; 

AD-VERT'EN-CY,f heedfulness. 

AD-VeRT'ENT, a. Attentive; heedful. 

AD-VER-TiSE', v. t. or i. To give information of; 
to make known through the press. 

AD-VER-Ti$.ET>' (-tlzdO, pp. or a. Informed; 
warned, used of persons; published; made 
known, used of things. 

AD-VeR'TISE-MENT, n. Information ; public 
notice through the press. [through the press. 

AD-VER-TlS'ER, n. One who gives information 

AD-VER-TlS'ING, ppr. Giving notice; inform- 
ing^ a. furnishing or having advertisements. 

AD-VlCE', n. Counsel given as worthy of being 
followed ; intelligence.-— Syn. Information ; no- 
tice ; admonition. 

AD-VICE'-BoAT, n. A boat employed to convey 
dispatches or information. 

AD-Vi*'A-BLE (-viz'a-bl), a. Fit to be advised or 
to be done; expedient. 

AD-ViS'A-BLE-NESS, n. Fitness to be done; 
meetness; propriety; expediency. 

aD-Vi*E', v. t. To give counsel to ; to inform of. 
— Syn. To apprise; acquaint; consult; consider. 



AD-VTSE', v. i. To deliberate ; to weigh well, or 
consider. [posely. 

AD-VIS'ED-LY, ad. With full knowledge; pur- 

AD-ViS'ED-NESS, n. Deliberate consideration. 

AD-Vl$E'MENT, n. Counsel; caution; advice. 

AD-VIS'ER, n. One who gives advice. 

AD-VIS'ING, ppr. or a. Giving counsel ; consult- 
ing; n. advice, [vice. 

AD-Vi'SO-RY, a. Containing or intended for ad- 

AD'VO-CA-CY, n. A pleading for ; defense of. 

AD'VO-CATE, n. One who pleads for another; 
one wlio_maintains a cause by argument. 

AD' VO-CaTE, v. t. To plead in favor of ; to main- 
tain by argument. — Syn. To defend ; support ; 
vindicate. 

aD'VO-€a-TESS, n. A female advocate. 

AD-VO-Ca'TION, n. A pleading for ; a plea. 

AD-VOW-EE', n. He that has the right of pre- 
senting to a benefice. 

AD-VOWSON (-zun), n. In English laws, the 
right of presenting to a benefice. 

a-Dy-NaM'IC, a. Destitute of strength. 

+A-Dy'TUM, n. [L.] A secret apartment. In an- 
cient temples, a secret place from whence oracles 
were given. [blade. 

ADZ,n. A carpenter's cutting-tool with a curved 

iE'DiLE *e'd!le), n. An officer in ancient Rome 
who had the care of the public buildings, streets, 
&c. [eye. 

iE'GIL-OPS, n. An abscess in the corner of the 

JE'gIS, n. A shield or defensive armor. 

iE-o'LI-AN HaRP, n. A stringed instrument 
played upon by wind passing through a crevice. 

jE-oI/IC, a. Pertaining to iEolia. 

a'ER-aTE, v. t. To combine wiLh carbonic acid; 

_ to arterialize. 

a-e'RI-AL, a. Belonging to the air or atmos- 
phere ; hence lofty. 

A-E'RIE (G'ry or ar'y), n. The nest of an eagle, 

_ hawk, &c. 

a-ER-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of aerifying. 

A.'ER-1-FORM, a. Having the form of air, as gas. 

a'ER-I-Fy, v. t. To combine or fill with air. 

A-ER-6G'R A-PHY, n. A description of the air. 

a'ER-O-LiTE, n. A stone falling from the air or 

_ upper regions; a meteoric stone. [ology. 

a-ER-6L'0-gIST, n. One who is versed in aer- 

A-ER-oL'O-GY, n. That science which treats of 

_ the air and its phenomena. 

a'ER-O-MAN-CY, n. Divination by means of the 

_ air and wind. 

A-ER-oM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measur- 

_ ing the density of air. 

a.-ER-0-MeT'RIC, a. Pertaining to aerometry. 

a-ER-oM'E-TRY, n. The science of ascertaining 

_ the mean bulk of gases. 

A.'ER-0-NAUT, n. One who ascends in a balloon. 

A-ER-O-NAUT'IC, a. Sailing in the air; per- 
taining to aerial sailing. 

A-ER-O-NAUT'ICS, n. pi. The science or art of 

_ sailing in the air by means of a balloon. 

A'ER-O-NAUT-ISM, n. The practice of ascend- 
ing and floating in the atmosphere in balloons. 

a'ER-O-PHyTE, n. A plant deriving its support 
from the air. 

A-ER-6S'€0-PY, n. The observation of the air. 

a'ER-O-STAT, n. A machine sustaining weights 
in the air ; an air balloon. 

a-ER-O-STaT'IC, a. Suspending in air; per- 
taining to aerostatics. 

a-ER-O-STAT'ICS, n. pi. The science that treats 
of the equilibrium of air or elastic fluids, or of 
bodies supported in them. 

a-ER-OS-Ta"1TON, n. Aerial navigation. 

^E-Ru'6lN-OUS, a. Partaking of copper-rust. 

^ES-THeT'IC,? a. Pertaining to the perception 

ES-THeT'I€, j of the beautiful. 

vES-THeT'I€S,? n. pi. In the fine arts, the sci- 

ES-THeT'ICS, j ence which treats of the beau- 
tiful, or of the theory and philosophy of taste. 



dove, wolf, book; rule, nuLL; vi"cious. — o as k ; «as j; « as z; en as su; this. + Not English. 



JET 



10 



AFO 



JE-TI-oL'O-gY, n. The science of the causes of 
disease. 

A-FaR', ad. At a great distance ; remote. 

AF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being affa- 
ble ; readiness to converse ; ease of access. — Syn. 
Courtesy; complaisance; urbanity; civility. 

aF'FA-BLE, a. Ready to converse ; easy of ac- 

. cess. — Syn. Courteous; civil; complaisant; ac- 
cessible. 

aF'FA-BLY, ad. In an affable manner. 

AF-FAIR' (4), n. Business of any kind; concern ; 
transaction. 

AF-Fe€T', v. t. To operate upon ; to move the 
feelings of; to take the appearance of; to aim 
at, or tend to. — Syn. To influence ; act on ; con- 
cern ; melt ; subdue ; assume. 

AF-FECT-a'TION, n. Assumption of what is not 
natural ; artificial appearance ; false pretense. 

AF-FeCT'ED, a. Moved or touched; inwardly 
disposed ; full of affectation. 

AF-Fe€T'ED-LY, ad. In an affected manner; 
with false show. [fected ; affectation. 

AF-FeCT'ED-XESS, n. The quality of being af- 

AF-FECT'IXG,ppr. Having effect on ; touching 
the feelings; making false show of; a. tending 
to move the affections ; pathetic. 

AF-FeCT'IXG-LY, ad. In an affecting manner. 

AF-FEG'TIOX, n. A bent of mind toward a par- 
ticular object; love; attachment; attribute or 
quality. 

AF-FeC'TIOX-ATE, a. Warm-hearted ; pro- 
ceeding from affection. — Syn. Loving; tender; 
fond; devoted. [derly. 

AF-FEC'TION-ATE-LY, ad. With affection ; ten- 

AF-FEC'TIOXi?D, a. Inclined ; disposed ; affected. 

AF-FeCT'IVE, a. That affects or excites emotion. 

AF-FeCT'iVE-LY, ad. In an affective manner. 

AF-Fe€T'OR,\_ n. One that affects; one that prac- 

AF-FeCT'ER,( tices affectation. 

*AF-FET-Tu-o'SO. Ut.~\ In music, a direction to 
render notes soft or affecting. [trust. 

AF-Fi'AXCE, n. Marriage contract ; confidence; 

AF-Fi'AXCE, v. t To betroth ; to pledge in mar- 
riage. 

AF-Fi'AX-CER, n. One who makes a contract of 
marriage between parties. 

AF-Fi'AXT, n. One who makes an affidavit. 

AF-FI-Da'VIT, n. A declaration under oath made 
in writing. See Deposition for the distinction 
between the two. 

AF-FiL'I-aTE, v. t. To adopt as a son ; to receive 
into a society or union as a member. 

AF-FiL'I-A-TED, #p. or a. Adopted; associated. 

AF-FIL-I-a'TION, n. Adoption; association in 
the same family or society. 

aF'FIN-A6E, n. A refining of metals. 

AF-FIX'I-TY, n. ; pi. Af-fin'i-tte$. Relation by 
marriage; bond of union ; chemical attraction. — 
Syn. Agreement; conformity; resemblance; al- 
liance; relationship. 

AF-FiRM' (17), v. t. To declare confidently. — 
Syn. To aver; protest; assert. — We affirm a 
thing with confidence ; we assert it against all 
denial; we aver its truth with solemnity; we 
protest it, as what ought not to be called in ques- 
tion. 

AF-FiRM', v. i. To declare solemnly. 

AF-FiRM'A-BLE, a. That may be affirmed. 

AF-FIRM'A-BLY, ad. In a way capable of af- 
firmation, [ing. 

AF-FiRM'AXCE, n. Confirmation ; an establish- 

AF-FiRM'AXT, n. One who affirms. 

AF-FIRM-a'TION, n. Act of affirming or declar- 
ing; that which is asserted; a solemn declaration 
in place of an oath, made by Quakers. 

AF-FiRM'A-TiVE, n. That side of a question 
which affirms; opposed to negative. 

AF-FiRM'A-TIVE, a. That affirms or declares. 

AF-FiRM'A-TIVE-LY, ad, In an affirmative 
manner; positively; the opposite of negatively. 



AF-FiRM'ER, n. One who affirms or declares. 

AF-FIX', v. t. To attach to ; to fasten to the end. 

^ — Syn. To subjoin ; connect; annex; unite. 

AF'FIX, n. A syllable or letter joined to the end 
of a word. [fixed. 

AF-FiXT'uRE (-fikst'yur), n. That which is af- 

AF-FLa'TIOX (af-fla'shun), n. A blowing or 
breathing on. 

AF-FLiCT', v. t. To give pain to ; to cause grief 
or calamity. — Syn. To trouble; distress; harass; 
torment; grieve. 

AF-FLICT'ED, a. Suffering affliction. 

AF-FLi€T'ED-XESS, n. The state of being af- 
flicted; affliction. 

AF-FLiCT'ER, n. One who afflicts. 

AF-FLi€T'IXG, ppr. or a. Causing pain ; griev- 
ous; distressing. 

AF-FLi€'TIOX, n. A state of continued grief 
or calamity; a cause of such grief. — Syn. Trou- 
ble; distress; sorrow; adversity; misfortune. — 
Affliction is the strongest of these terms, being a 
ststte of prolonged suffering; adversity and mis- 
fortune are general states ; distress is particular, 
being the case of one under the stress or pressure 
of severe pain, bodily or mental ; the other two 
words are less strong. 

AF-FLI€T'iVE, a.. Giving pain; causing afflic- 
tion ; distressing. 

AF-FLiCT'IVE-LY, ad. In a manner to give pain. 

AF'FLU-EXCE, n. Abundance of any thing, es- 
pecially riches. — Syn. Opulence ; wealth ; plenty. 

AF'FLU-EXT,a. Wealthy; plentiful; abundant. 

AF'FLU-ENT, n. A smaller stream flowing into 
a larger one or a lake, &c. [ly. 

AF'FLU-EXT-LY, ad. In abundance; abundant- 

AF'FLUX, \ n. The act of flow- 

AF-FLuX'IOX (-nuks'yun)J ing to ; that which 
flows to. 

AF-FoRD', v. t. To produce as a natural result; 
to yield ; to be able to sell, exchange, or expend. 
— Syn. To give; impart; confer; supply. 

AF-FoR'EST, v. t. To turn into forest. 

AF-FRaX'CHiSE (-fran'chiz), v. t. To make free. 

AF-FRaY' (-fraO, n. In law, fighting in a public 
place. In common usage, a petty fight. — Syn. 
Quarrel; scuffle; encounter. 

AF-FREIGHT' (af-frate'), v. t. To charter for the 
transportation of goods or freight. 

AF-FREIGHT'ER (-frat'er), n. The person who 
hires or charters a vessel to convey goods. 

AF-FRIGHT' (af-frite'), v. t. To impress with sud- 
den fear or alarm. — Syn. To terrify; appall; 
dismay; shock. [terror. 

AF-FRiGHT' (-frite'), n. Sudden or great fear ; 

AF-FR6XT' (af-frunf), n. Open and intentional 
disrespect or ill-treatment. — Syn. Insult ; offense. 

AF-FROXT' (af-friintO, v. t. To treat abusively; 
to offend. — Syn. To insult; provoke; abuse; out- 
rage, [ed ; displeased. 

AF-FR6XT'ED, a. In popular language, offend- 

AF-FROXT'ER, n. One that affronts. [ous. 

AF-FROXT'IXG, ppr. or a. Abusing; contumeli- 

AF-FRoXT'lVE (-frunt'iv), a. Giving offense; 
abusive. 

AF-Fu$E' (af-fiizeO, v. t. To pour on. 

A-FIELD', ad. To the field. 

A-FiRE', a. or ad. On fire. 

A-FLoAT' (-flote), ad. In a floating state; unfix- 
ed ; passing about. [tion. 

A-FQOT', ad. On foot ; borne by the feet ; in mo- 

A-FoRE', ad. and prep. Before ; in front of ; in 
time past. 

A-FoRE'Go-IXG, a. Going before. 

A-FoRE'HAXD, ad. Beforehand ; before. 

A-FoRE'MEX-TIOX.E'D,? ad. Spoken of or named 

A-FoRE'SAID, j before. 

A-FoRE'THOUGHT (-thaut), a. Premeditated. 

A-FoRE'TlME,ad In time past; formerly; of old. 

+A FOR-TI-o'RI (for-she-o'rl). [£.] With strong- 



er reason. 



AFO 



11 



AGN 



A-FOUL', a. or ad. Not free ; entangled. 

A-FRaID', a. Struck with fear.— Syn. Fearful ; 
apprehensive ; timid ; timorous ; frightened ; 
alarmed ; appalled. 

A-FRESH', ad. Anew ; over again. 

A- FRONT' (-friint'), ad. In front. 

AFT, ad. or a. Astern, or toward the stern. 

AFT'ER (6), prep. Later in time ; behind ; accord- 
ing to ; in search or pursuit of. 

AFT'ER, ad. Posterior; later in time. 

AFT'ER, a. Later; latter; toward the stern. 

AFT'ER-A-6ES, ft. Later ages ; succeeding times. 

AFT'ER-BiRTII, ft. The membrane inclosing a 
fetus. 

AFT'ER-CLaP, ft. Something disagreeable com- 
ing unexpectedly after all was supposed to be over. 

AFT'ER-€RoP, ft. A second or subsequent crop. 

AFT'ER-GaME, ft. Subsequent plan or expedient. 

AFT'ER-MaTH, ft. A second or subsequent crop 
of grass in the same year. 

AFT'ER-NOON', ft. Time from noon to evening. 

AFT'ER-PaINS, n. pi. Pains attending the deliv- 
ery of the after-birth. [play. 

AFT'ER-PIeOE, n. A piece performed after a 

AFT'ER-THOUGHT (aft'er-thaut), ft. Something 
thought of after an act ; later thought. 

AFT'lSwARDS,} ad ' In tirae subse ^ ent - 

AFT'ER-WiT, ft. Wisdom that comes too late. 

a'GA, n. A Turkish commander or chief officer. 

A-GAIN' (a-g3n'), ad. A second time ; once more ; 
besides ; in return : again and again, often. 

A-GAINST' (a.-genst'), prejy. In opposition to ; op- 
posite to ; in contact with ; in provision for. 

AG'A-PE, n. ; pi. ag'a-p.e. A love-feast among 
the primitive Christians. 

A-GaPE', ad. On the gape; in a state of wonder 
<%■ eager attention. 

AG'AR-I€, n. A genus of fungi; agaric mineral, 
a variety of carbonate of lime used in medicine. 

AG'ATE, n. A precious stone composed chiefly of 
quartz, variegated with coloring matter. 

AG'A-TiNE, a. Pertaining to agate. 

AG'A-TIZ7?D (-tizd), a. Having the colored lines 
and figures of agate. 

AG'A-T Y, a. Of the nature of agate. 

A-Ga'VE, n. The Araeri|in aloe. 

agE, n. Period of time; space of time from birth 
or beginning; mature years; time of life when 
one may legally act for himself; oldness; the de- 
cline of life ; lapse of a generation ; a particular 
period, as the Golden Age; a prolonged period 

_ indefinitely. — Syn. Epoch; date; era; maturity. 

a'gED (u'jed), a. Advanced in age or years; old ; 

_ ancient. 

a'gED, ft. Old persons. 

a'gED-LY, ad. Like an aged person. 

a'gEN-CY, ft. State of acting or being in action ; 
operation ; instrumentality ; office or duties of an 
agent ; bureau of an agent. — Syn. Action ; opera- 
tion; efficiency. 

+A-geN'DA, ft. pi. IL. Things to be done.-] A 
memorandum-book; the service or office of a 
church ; a liturgy. 

*A-GEN'DU M, ft. [L.] That which is to be done. 
See Agenda. 

a'gENT, ft. A person or thing that acts or pro- 
duces effects ; one who acts for another ; a deputy. 

a'gENT-SIIIP, ft. The office of an agent. 

Ag-gER-a'TION (ad-jer-a'shun), n. A heaping ; 
accumulation. _ [mass. 

AG-GLoM'ER-aTE, v. t. x To gather into a ball or 

AG-GLoM'ER-aTE, v. i. To grow or collect into 
a ball or mass. 

AG-GLOM-ER-a'TION, ft. Act of gathering, or 
state of being gathered into a ball or mass. 

AG-GLu'TIN-ANT, a. Uniting as glue. 

AG-GLu'TIN-ANT, n. Any viscous substance 
which_causes_adhesion. [here. 

AG-GLu'TIN-aTE, v. t. To unite or cause to ad- 



AG-GLu-TIN-a'TION, ft. The act of uniting, or 
6tate of being united, as by glue. . 

AG-GLO'TIN-a-TiVE, a. That tends to unite. 

AG'GRAND-iZE, v. t. To make great; to exalt; 
to dignify; to enlarge, applied to things. — Syn. 
To augment ; promote ; advance ; increase. 

AG-GRAND'iZE-MENT or AG'GRAND-fZE- 
MENT, ft. The act of aggrandizing or state of 
being aggrandized ; exaltation. 

AG'GUAND-IZ-ER, ft. One who aggrandizes. 

AG'GRA-VaTE, v. t. To make worse or greater ; 
to give coloring in description ; to exaggerate. — 
Syn. To heighten ; raise ; increase ; magnify. 

AG'GRA-Va-TED, pp. or a. Made worse; in- 
creased. 

AG-GRA-Va'TION, ft. A making worse ; the act 
of aggravating ; that which aggravates ; exagger- 
ation. 

AG'GRE-GaTE, v. t. To collect or heap together. 
— Syn. To accumulate ; pile. [total. 

AG'GRE-GATE, a. Collected or taken together; 

AG'GRE-GATE, ft. The whole of several particu- 
lars. — Syn. Mass; assemblage; collection; sum 
total; lump. 

AG-GRE-Ga'TION, ft. The act of gathering into 
a mass ; whole mass ; union of like bodies. 

AG 'GRE-Ga-TIVE, a. Causing aggregation ; col- 
lective. 

AG'GRE-G a-TOR, ft. He that collects into a mass. 

AG-GReSS', v. i. To encroach upon with violence 
or inj ury. 

AG-GReS'SION (-grSsh'un), n. The first attack, 
or act of injury. — Syn. Attack; assault ; invasion. 

AG-GReS'SiVE, a. Tending to aggress; making 
the first attack or encroachment. 

AG-GReSS'OR, ft. One who begins to attack or 
injure. — Syn. Assaulter; invader. — An aggressor 
is one who begins a quarrel or encroachment; an 
assaulter is one who makes a violent onset; an 
invader is one who enters by force into the pos- 
sessions of another. 

AG-GRIeVE' (-greevO, v. t. To give pain or sor- 
row; to vex by inj ustice or wrong ; to injure. 

A-GHaST',? a. or ad. Struck with horror; aston- 

A-GXST', f ished; horrified. 

ag'iLE (aj'il), a. Quick of motion. — Syn. Nimble ; 
active; lively; brisk. 

ag'iLE-NESSJ ft. Power to move quickly ; quick- 

A-giL'I-TY, j ness of motion. — Syn. Nimble- 

_ ness; activity; liveliness; briskness. 

a'gI-O, ft. ; pi. a'gi-o$. lit.] Literally, difference ; 
a premium on exchanges, especially of paper or 

_ inferior money for better. 

a'gI-O-TAgE, n. The maneuvers of speculators 
to raise or depress the funds. 

ag'I-TaTE, v. t. To put in motion or commotion; 
to consider on all sides, as a question ; to discuss. 
— Syn. To shake ; excite : rouse ; disturb ; revolve. 

ag'I-Ta-TED,^. or a. Shaken; disturbed; de- 
bated. 

Ag-I-Ta'TION, ft. Act of agitating ; state of being 
agitated; perturbation of mind; discussion. — Syn. 
Disturbance; excitement; debate. 

ag'I-Ta-TiVE, a. Having power or tendency to 
agitate. 

AG'I-T a-TOR, ft. One who agitates ; a disturber 
of the public mind. 

AG'NaIL, ft. A disease of the nail. 

AG'NaTE, a. Related on the father's side; n. any 
male relation by the father's side. 

AG-Na'TION, ft. Relation by the father's side. 

AG-Ni"TION (-nish'un), «. An acknowledgment. 

+AG-No'MEN, ft. [L.] An additional name given 
on account of some exploit, as Scipio Africanus. 

■frAG'NUS CAS'TUS, ft. [Z/.] The chaste-tree, so 
called from its imaginary power to preserve chas- 
tity. 

+AG'NUS De'T, ft. [Z,.] In the Roman Catholic 
Church, a cake of wax bearing the figure of a 
lamb; also a prayer beginning with these words. 



dove, wolf, book ; HULK, bull ; vi cious. — c as k ; g as j ; $ as z ; ch as Bit ; Tins. 



Sot Englisli, 



AGO 



12 



ALA 



A-Go', ad. or a. Past ; gone, as a year ago. 

A-GoG ', ad. In a state of eager hope, desire, or 
curiosity. 

A-Go'IXG, ppr. In motion ; going ; ready to go. 

A-GONE' ( i i0) (a-gawn'), ad. Ago ; past ; since. 

aG'O-NISM, n. Contention for a prize. 

AG'O-NIST, n. One who contends for the prize in 
public games. 

AG-0-NIST'I€, \ a. Relating to prize-fighting 

AG-0-NiST'I€-AL,j or contests of strength. 

AG'O-NIZE, v. i. To writhe with extreme pain ; 
to suffer violent anguish : to struggle. 

AG'O-NiZE, v. t. To distress with extreme pain ; 
to torture. 

AG'O-NiZ-ING, ppr. or a. Giving extreme pain; 
suffering from extreme pain. 

aG'O-NIZ-ING-LY, ad. With extreme anguish. 

AG'O-NY, n. Pain that causes writhing ; extreme 
suffering. — Syn. Anguish ; pang. — Agony and 
pang denote a severe paroxysm of pain (agony be- 
ing the greatest) ; anguish is prolonged suffering ; 
the anguish of remorse, the pangs or agonies of 
dissolution. 

A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. An illiterate person. 

A-GRa'RI-AN, a. Relating or tending to equal di- 
vision of lands. [sion of property. 

A-GRa'RI-AN, n. One who favors an equal divi- 

A-GRa'RI-AN-ISM, n. An equal division of land 
or property, or the principles of those who favor 
such a division. 

A-GREE', v. i. To be of one mind ; to be consist- 
ent ; to settle amicably ; to strike a bargain ; to be 
reconciled. — Syn. To accede; assent; consent. 

A-GREE'A-BLE, a. Pleasing to the mind or 
senses ; suitable ; in conformity with. [ity. 

A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS,w. Pleasantness; conform- 

A-GREE'A-BLY, ad. Consistently ; pleasingly. 

A-GREED', a. Settled by consent ; fixed. 

A-GREE'MENT, n. A state of agreeing, or being 
in harmony or resemblance ; concord ; conformity ; 
a compact as to things agreed on ; a covenant. — 
Syn. Union; concurrence; accordance; contract. 

A-GReS'TIC, X a. Pertaining to the fields ; 

A-GReS'TIC-AL, j rural; unpolished; rustic. 

AG'RI-CUL-TOR-, n. One who tills the ground ; a 
farmer. [agriculture. 

AG-RI-CuLT'uR-AL (-kult'yux-al), «. Relating to 

AG'RI-CuLT-uRE (ag'ri-kult-yur), n. Tillage or 
culture of the earth; farming; husbandry. 

AG-RI-CuLT'uR-IST, n. One skilled in agricul- 
ture ; a husbandman ; farmer. 

A-GROUND', ad. On the ground ; stranded. 

A'GuE (fi'gu), n. A chilly fit; a chill connected 
with an intermitting fever. 

A'GU-ISH, a. Like an ague ; shivering. 

aH, ex. Expressive of surprise, joy, contempt, de- 
fiance, &c. 

X-H a', ex. Denoting pleasure, triumph, or surprise. 

A-HeAD' (a-hed'), ad. In front ; onward ; in ad- 
vance. 

AID (ade), v. t. To afford assistance.— Syn. To 
assist; help; succor; support; relieve; sustain. 

AID, n. He or that which gives assistance. — Syn. 
Help; support; succor. Aidance is obsolete. 

AlD'DE-CAMP (ad'e-kawng), n. ; pi. aides-de- 
camp. [Fr.~\ An attendant on a high military 
officer to convey his orders. [friendless. 

AlD'LESS (ad'less), a. Helpless ; unsupported ; 

Al'GRET (ft'gret), n. A name of the small white 
heron. [ers, diamonds, &c. 

Al'GRETTE (a'gret), n. [Fr.] A tuft, as of feath- 

aI'GU-LET, n. See Aglet. 

aIL (ale), n. Disorder; indisposition; pain. 

aIL (ale), v. t. To trouble ; to affect with uneasi- 

AlL, v. i. To feel pain; to be troubled. [ness. 

AI-LaN'TUS, n. A tree from the East, of a beau- 
tiful appearance, but an offensive odor. [ease. 

aIL'MENT, n. Morbid affection of the body; dis- 

AlM, n. The pointing of a missile, weapon, etc., 
toward pome object; the object thus pointed at; 



motion or design. — Syn. Direction ; end ; inten- 

_ tion ; purpose ; scope. [attempt. 

AIM, v. i. To take sight; to direct; to design; to 

AIM, v. t. To point or direct toward. 

AIR (4), n. The fluid which we h eathe ; a tune ; 
appearance ; mien of a person ; affected manner. 

AIR, v. t. To expose to the ah - ; to ventilate ; to 
dry by air and warmth. 

AIR'-BLAD-DER, n. A vesicle or cuticle filled 
with air : bladder of a fish. [ful. 

AlR'-BUiLT (-bilt), a. Erected in the air; fanci- 

AIR'-CELLS, n. pi. Cells containing air. 

AIR'-DRAWN, a. Drawn in air; visionary. 

AIR'-GuN, n. A gun to be discharged by the elas- 
tic force of air. [air. 

AIR'-HoLE, n. An opening to admit or discharge 

AIR'I-LY, ad. Gayly; merrily; sprightly, [ety. 

AIR'I-NESS, n. Openness to the air; levity; gay- 

AIR'ING, n. A short excursion in the open air; 
exposure to air and warmth. 

AIR'-PiPE, n. A pipe for conducting air, as from 
a ship's hold. 

AIR'-PLANT, n. A plant deriving nutriment from 
the air only. 

AlR'-PuMP, n. A machine for exhausting the air 
of a vessel. 

AIRS, n. pi. Lofty or disdainful carriage. 

AIR'-SHAFT, n. A passage for air into a mine. 

AIR'-TiGHT (-tfte), a, So as not to admit air. 

AIR'-VeS-SEL, n. A vessel in plants or insects 
containing air. 

AIR'Y, a. Having the nature or properties of air ; 
high in the air ; open to the air ; having the light- 
ness of air ; moving lightly ; full of levity"; un- 
substantial. 

.4 ISLE,} (Tie), n. A walk or passage in a church; 

^4lLE, j side portion of a church. 

A-JXR', ad. Partly open, as a door. 

AJ'u-TAgE, \ n. A discharge-tube, as of a fount- 

AD'JU-TAgE,; ain. 

A-KIM'BO, a. With a crook, as arms akimbo. 

A-KIN', a. Allied by blood ; of the same proper- 
ties; related. 

AL'A-BAS-TER, n. A white semi-translucent va- 
riety of gypsum or sulphate of lime. 

AL'A-B A S-TER, a. Made of alabaster ; very white. 

A-LACK', int._ Noting sorrow. 

A-LACK' A-DaY, int. An exclamation expressive 
of regret or sadness. 

A-LAC'RI-TY, n. Cheerful readiness.— Syn. Brisk- 
ness; liveliness; glee; hilarity; joyousness. 

AL-A-MoDE'. ad. According to the mode or fashion. 

AL-A-MoDE', n. Thin black silk. 

A-LAN'TUS. See Ailanttjs. 

A-LARM ', n. Notice of danger ; summons to arms ; 
sudden surprise with fear ; contrivance to awake 
persons from sleep or call attention. — Syn. Fright ; 
terror; consternation; apprehension. — Alarm is 
the dread of impending danger; apprehension, 
fear that it may be approaching ; terror is agita- 
ting and excessive fear ; consternation is terror 
which overpowers the faculties. 

A-LaRM ', v. t. To give notice of danger; to fill 
with apprehension ; to disturb. [danger. 

A-LaRM'-BeLL, n. A bell that gives notice of 

A-LaRM'-CL6CK, n. A clock made to ring at any 
proposed hour. 

A-LXRM'ING, ppr. or a. Giving notice of ap- 
proaching danger; exciting apprehension; terri- 

A-LaRM'ING-LY, ad. So as to alarm. [fying. 

A-LaRM'IST, n. One who is accustomed to proph- 
esy danger or excite alarm. 

A-LXRM'-PoST, n, A place to which troops are to 
repair in case of alarm. 

A-LaRM'-WATCH (-wotch), n. A watch that 
strikes the hour by a regulated movement. 

A-La'RUM, n. Same as alarm ; applied chiefly to 
a contrivance attached to a clock for sounding 
an alarm or calling attention. 

A-LAS', ex. Expressive of sorrow, grief, or pity. 



1, S, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mae'ine, bied; move, 



ALA 



13 



ALK 



A-LaTE', \, 
A-LA'TED,f 



The universal solvent. 



"Winged ; having dilatations like 
wings. 

ALB„n. Asacred vestment of white linen. 

AL-Ba'TA, n. A kind of German silver. 

AL'BA-TROSS, n. A very large sea-bird. 

AL-BE'IT, conj. and ad. Although ; Le it so ; not- 
withstanding. 

AL-BES'CEXT, a. Becoming white ; whitish. 

AL-BI-FI-€a'TION, n. Making white. 

AL-BI-geX'Se$, n. pi. A reforming sect in the 
south of France, which separated from the Church 
of Rome in the 12th century. Tbino. 

Al/BI-XISM, n. The state or condition of an al- 

AL-BI'XO, n. A white descendant of black par- 
ents ; a person whose skin and hair are unnatu- 
rallv white. 

AL-BU-6IX'E-OUS. a. Pertaining to the white of 
an egg, and hence to the white of the eye. 

AL-Bu'GO, n. A white spot in the eye. 

AL'BUM, n. A book for the insertion of auto- 
graphs or literary mementos ; a white table or 
register among the Romans. 

AL-BD'MEN, n. A constituent part of animal bod- 
ies existing pure in the white of an egg. Also, 
a soft white substance in plants. 

AL-Bu'MIX-OUS, a. Pertaining to albumen. 

AL-BCRX'UM, n. The white and softer part of 
wood next to the bark, called sap-wood. 

AL'GA-HEST 

AL'KA-HEST 

AL-€aID', n. In Spain, the governor of a castle 
or fort ; also a jailer. 

AL-€AL'DE, n. In Spain, a magistrate or judge. 

AL-€Hf:M'I€-AL,rt. Relating to alchemy, [my. 

AL-€HeM'I€-AL-LY, ad. In the manner of alche- 

AL'€HEM-IST, n. One skilled in alchemy. 

AL-€HEM-iSTT€-AL, a. Practicing alchemy. 

AL'€HK-MY, n. Occult chemistry. The proposed, 
but imaginary art of the transmutation of base 
metals into gold, and of finding the grand cathol- 
icon and the universal solvent. 

AL'CO-HOL, n. Pure or highly rectified spirits; 
more looselv applied to ardent spirits in general. 

AL-€0-HoL'I€, a. Relating to alcohol. 

AL'GO-RAX, n. S2e.K02.xs and Alkosax. 

aL'€OVE or AL-€oVE', n. A recess of a library 
or of a chamber ; any shady recess. 

AI/DER, n. A tree of several varieties. 

AI/DER-MAN n. ; pi. Ai/dep.-mex. A city mag- 
istrate next in rank below the mayor. 

AL'DER-MAX-LY, a. Becoming an alderman. 

A.LE. n. A fermented liquor made of malt and hops. 

aLE-€'oX'XER, n. An officer who inspected ale- 
house measures. 

A-L£€'TRY-0-MAX-CY, n. Divination by means 
of a cock. 

AL'E-GAR, n. Sour ale. 

ALE'-HOOF, n. A kind of root; ground ivy. 

aLE'-HOUSE, n. A place where ale is sold. 

A-LeM'BIC, n. A chemical vessel, usually of glass 
or metal, used in distillation. 

+AI/E-RE FLaM'MAM. [£.] "To feed the flame;" 
to increase the tendency. 

A-LeRT' (13), a. Xoting watchful activity or read- 
iness; on the alert, on the watch. — Syn. Brisk; 
prompt; lively. 

A-LeRT'LY, ad. Quickly; nimbly; briskly. 

A-LeRT'XESS, n. Watchful activity or readiness. 

_ — Srar. Briskness ; watchfulness ; promptitude. 

ALE'-WlFE, n. ; pi. ale' wives. An American 
fish resembling a herring. (Ind. Aloof.) 

AL-EX-aX'DRiXE, n. A verse of twelve syllables, 
or six Iambic feet. 

A-LEX-I-PHaRM'I€,>. n. What expels or resists 

A-LEX-I-TeR'I€, j poison ; a. expelling poi- 
son or infection. 

aL'GA, n. [L.] Sea-weed. 

Al/GJE, n %>l. [L.~] An order of subaqueous plants, 

_ including the sea-weeds. 

aL'g-E-BRA, n. [J.r.] The science of computing 



by signs or symbols (as the li tters of the alpha- 
bet) instead of figures, thus forming a kiud of 
universal_arithmetic. 

AL-gE-BRa'I€, ^_ a. Pertaining to or per- 

AL-('ri:-BRA'I€-AL.) formed by algebra. 

AL-GK-RKa'1€-AL-LY, ad. By means of algebra. 

AL-6E-BRa'IST, n. One who is skilled in algebra. 

AL-gE-RI'XE' (-reenO, a. Belonging to Algiers. 

AL'GO-RITHWL,) n. An Arabic term signifying 

aL'GO-RISM, j numerical computation. 

AL'GOUS, a. Pertaining to sea-weed. 

AL'GUA-Zi'L. \ (al'ga-zeel), Jn. A Spanish offi- 

AL-GUA-ZiL'.f (al-ga-zeel'). ~\ cer of justice. 

+a'LI-AS. ad. [L.] Otherwise; n. a second writ. 

+AI/I-BI. [L.] Elsewhere. To plead an alibi is 
to show that the accused was in some other place 

_ when the crime was committed. 

ALIEN (ale'yen), a. Forcigu ; belonging to a for- 

_eigner; estranged. [ized; a stranger. 

aL'IEX, n. A foreigner who has not been natural- 

aL-IEX-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being 

_ alienated. [sold. 

aL'IEX-A-BLE, a. That may be transferred or 

aL'IEX-A.6E, n. The state of being an alien. 

aL'IEX-aTE (ule'yen-ate), v. t. To estrange; to 
make indifferent or averse ; to seU or transfer ; to 

_ apply to a wrong use. 

aL'I EX-ATE, a. Estranged; stranger to. 

aL-IEX-a'TIOX (al-yen-a'sliun), n. A making over 
or trausfer^nce, as of property; the state of being 

_ alienated; estrangement; disorder of mind. 

aL'IEX-a-TOR, n. One that transfers property, or 

_ alienates. [transfer property. 

aL-IeXE' (ul-ye'ne'), v. t. To estrange ; to sell ; to 

aL-IEX-EE' (al-yen-ee'), n. One to whom a thing 

_ is sold._ [an alien. 

aLTEX-iSM (ale'yen-izm), n. The state of being 

AL'I-FORM, a. Having the shape of a -wing. 

A-LiGHT' (-lite), v. i. To come down; to de- 
scend ; to dismount, as from a horse. 

A-LlGN'MEXT, n. The fixing of a line, as in ma- 
king a rail-road ; the line thus established. 

A-LiKE', ad. In the same manner or form. 

A-LlKE', a. Similar ; like. 

Al/I-MENT, n. That which feeds or supports. — 
Sy>\ Food ; nourishment ; support ; nutriment. 

AL-I-M£XT'AL, } a. Pertaining to food or ali- 

AL-I-MeXT'A-RY.J ment ; supplying food ; nu- 
tritive. 

AL-I-MEXT-a'TIOX, n. The act or power of af- 
fording nutriment ; state of being nourished. 

AL-I-M£XT'iYE-XESS, n. The phrenological or- 
gan of_appetite for food or drink. 

AL-I-Mu'XI-OUS, «. Nourishing. 

AL1-MO-NY, n. A separate maintenance for a 
woman who is separated from her husband. 

AL'I-OTH, n. A star in the tail of the Great Bear. 

AL'I-PED, a. Wing-footed ; n. an animal whose 
toes are connected by a membrane which serves 
as wings, as the bat. [mainder. 

AL'1-QUAXT, a. That does not divide without re- 

AL'I-QUOT, a. That divides or measures exactly, 
or without remainder. 

A-LIYE', a. Having life ; not dead ; active ; sus- 
ceptible ; in force. 

AL'KA-HEST, n. A pretended universal solvent. 

AL-KA-LeS'CEXT, a. Tending to the properties 
o ' an alkali. 

AL'KA-Ll or AL'KA-LT, n. ; pi. Al'ea-lies. A 
substance of acrid taste, and capable of neutral- 
izing acids : chiefly of three kinds, vegetable, as 
potash ; mineral, as soda ; and volatile, as am- 
monia. 

AL-KALT-Fv. v. 7. To become an alkali. 

AL-KA-Lig'E-XOUS, a. Producing alkali. 

AL-KA-LiM'E-TER, n. An instrument for meas- 
uring the strength of alkalies. 

AL-KA-LiM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring the 
strength of alkalies. [ties of alkali. 

AL'KA-LIXE (-lin or -line), a. Having the quali- 



dove, wolf, book; eule, BULL; vT'cious, — € as k ; liasj; s as z; en as su; this. * Not English, 



ALK 



14 



ALL 



AL-KA-LiN'I-TY, n. The quality which consti- 
tutes an alkali. 

AL'KA-LlZE, v. t. To make alkaline. 

Al/KA-LOID, n. A vegetable principle having 
alkaline qualities. [berries. 

AL-KeRM'eS, n. A cordial made chiefly of kermes 

AL'KO-RAN, n. The Mohammedan sacred book or 
Bible. See Koran. 

ALL, in comjjosition, enlarges the meaning or adds 
force to a word, and it is generally more emphat- 
ic; as all-jjoiverful. Such compounds usually 
explain themselves, and therefore but few will be 
here given. 

ALL-FOOLS'DaY, n. The first of April, when it 
is a popular custom to play off tricks or make 
fools. 

ALL-FoURS', n. pi. A game at cards ; to go on 
all-fours is to creep on the hands and knees. 

ALL-HaII/, ex. A kindly salutation, denoting 
all health be to you. 

ALL-HAL'LoW, \ n. All-Saints' day, the first 

ALL-IIAL'LoWS,j of November. [Saints. 

ALL-HaL'LuW-TiDE, n. The time near All- 

ALL-SaINTS'DaY, n. The first day of Novem- 
ber; ji feast in honor of all the saints. 

ALL-SoULS'D aY, n. The second day of Novem- 
ber; a Roman Catholic solemnity held to pray 
for the souls of the faithful. 

ALL-SUF-FI"CIENT (-fish'ent), a. Sufficient to 
every thing; n. the all-sufficient Being, God. 

ALL-SUS-TaIN'ING, a. Upholding all things. 

ALL-WISE', a. Possessed of infinite wisdom. 

AL'LAH, n. The Arabic name of the Supreme 
Being. 

AL-LAN-T<3'I€, a. Pertaining to, or contained 
in, the allantois. 

AL-LAN-TOID',1 n. A thin membrane, situated 

AL-LAN-TOIS', j" between the chorion and am- 
nios_in animals. 

AL-LaY', v. t. To repress or bring down, as suf- 
fering, dissensions, &c. — Syn. To check; appease; 
calm; soothe; pacify; assuage. 

AL-LaY'. See Alloy. 

aL-LaY'ER (al-la'er), n. He or that which allays. 

AL-LaY'MENT, n. The act of quieting; state of 
rest after disturbance ; that which allays. 

AL-LE-Ga'NE-AN, a. Pertaining to the mount- 
ains called Allegany. 

aL'LE-Ga-NY, n. The chief ridge of mountains 
in the middle and southern states of America. 

AL-LE-Ga'TION, n. Declaration ; the thing de- 
clared or alleged; plea. 

AL-LegE' (al-Lj'), v. t. To produce as an argu- 
ment, plea, or excuse; to bring forward. — Syn. 
To urge; adduce; advance; cite. 

AL-LegE'A-BLE, a. That may be alleged. 

AL-Leg#D' (-\Zj&'),pp. Affirmed; asserted. 

AL-Le'&E-ANCE, n. The obligation or duty of a 
subject to a prince, government, or state; loy- 
alty. 

AL-Le'gI-ANT, a. Loyal ; dutiful ; obedient. 

AL-LE-GoR'IC, \ a. In the manner of alle- 

AL-LE-GoR'I€-AL,j gory; figurative. [ner. 

AL-LE-G6R'I€-AL-LY, ad. In an allegorical man- 

AL-LE-G6R'I€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of be- 
ing allegorical. 

aL'LF-GO-RIST, n. One who teaches by allegory. 

aL'LE-GO-RIZE, v. t. To form an allegory. 

aL'LE-GO-RIZE, v. i. To use allegory. 

aL'LE-GO-RY, n. A story or figurative represent- 
ation, in which the direct and literal meaning is 
not the real or principal one, but is designed to 
image forth some important truth with greater 
vividness and force ; a figurative manner of 
speech or description. [than allegro. 

*AL-LE-GReT'TO. [It] Denoting time less quick 

*AL-Le'GRO, n. lit] A sprightly movement in 
music ; _o. brisk. 

AL-LE-Lu'IAH (-lu'yah), n. Praise to Jehovah. 

AL-LE-MaNDE', n. A slow air in common time, 



or solemn music with a slow movement ; a brisk 
dance. 

AL-Le'VI-aTE, v. t To lighten or remove in part, 
aspain, &c. — Syn. To lessen; diminish; miti- 
gate ; assuage ; allay. — These words are all figu- 
rative. Alleviate supposes a load, as of care, 
which is lightened ; mitigate, something fierce, 
which is made mild, as suffering ; assuage, some- 
thing violent, which is quieted, as sorrow; allay, 
something excited, but now brought down, as 
grief; lessen and diminish refer to amount or 
degree. 

AL-Le'VI-a-TING, ppr. or a. Making lighter or 
more tolerable. 

AL-LE-VI-a'TION, n. The act of making more 
light ; a lessening or mitigation ; that which mit- 
igates or makes more tolerable. — Syn. Mitiga- 
tion; diminution; relief. 

AL-Le'VI-A-TIVE, n. Something mitigating. 

AL'LEY, n. ; pi. al'leys. A narrow passage, as 
distinct from a public street; a narrow walk. 

AL-LI-a'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. Pertaining to garlic. 

AL-Ll'ANCE, n. A union by treaty or marriage. 
— Syn. League; confederacy; affinity; coalition. 

AL-Li"CIEN-CY (-lish'en-sy), n. The power of at- 
tracting any thing; attraction; magnetism. 

AL-LLED' (al-llde'), pp. Connected by treaty, 
marriage, &c. ; related ; confederated. 

AL'LI-GaTE, v. t. To tie together; to unite. 

AL-LI-Ga'TION, n. A rule of arithmetic relating 
to the compounding of different ingredients. 

AL'LI-Ga-TOR, n. The American crocodile. 

AL-LlS'ION^-lizh'un), n. A striking against. 

AL-LIT-ER-a'TION, n. The near collocation of 
words beginning with the same letter. 

AL-LlT'ER-A-TlVE, a. Pertaining to alliteration. 

+AL-LO-Ca'TUR, n. IL.] A certificate of an al- 
lowance of costs. 

AL-LO-€u'TION, n. An address ; applied particu- 
larly to an address of the Pope to his clergy. 

AL-Lo'DI-AL, a. Freehold; opposed to feudal. 

AL-Lo'DI-UM, n. Land held in one's own right; 
freehold estate, [rapier or sword, as in fencing. 

AL-LONoE (al-limj"), n. A pass or thrust with a 

AL-LO-PATH'I€, a. Pertaining to allopathy. 

AL-LoP'A-THIST, n. One that practices medi- 
cine according to the rules of allopathy. 

AL-LoP'A-THY, n. The mode of curing diseases 
by producing in the patient affections different 
from the diseases; opposed to homeopathy. 

AL-L6T', v. t. Literally, to give by lot; hence, to 
distribute in portions ; to parcel out. — Syn. To di- 
vide; assign; apportion. [allotted. 

AL-L6T'MENT, n. Act of allotting; part or share 

AL-LOW v. t. To suffer to pass; not to reject or 
deny ; as, to alloio a claim, a stipend, &c. Permit 
is stronger, implying consent. — Sy'N. To grant; 
yield ; admit ; consent. 

AL-LOW'A-BLE, a. That may be allowed ; law- 
ful ; admitted as true or proper. 

AL-LOW'A-BLY, ad. In an allowable manner. 

AL-LOW'ANCE, n. The act of allowing or admit- 
ting ; abatement ; stated or limited quantity. 

AL-LOW'ANCE, v. t. To put upon allowance. 

AL-LOY', v. t. To mix one metal with another ; to 
reduce or deteriorate by mixture. 

AL-LOY', n. A baser metal mixed with a finer, or 
a mixture of metals; that which reduces or dete- 
riorates, [metals. 

AL-LOY'A&E, ti. The act of alloying or mixing 

ALL'SPICE, n. The berry of the pimenta. 

AL-LuDE', v. i. To refer indirectly; to hint. — 
Syn. To suggest ; intimate ; glance at ; advert to. 

AL-LuRE', v. t. To tempt by the offer of good, real 
or apparent. — Syn. To entice ; decoy ; s-educe. — 
We are allured to evil by some promised good ; 
Ave are enticed into it through our passions; we 
are seduced when drawn aside from the path of 
rectitude. [tices. 

AL-LuRE'MENT, n. That which allures or en- 



I, E, &c, long.— A, b, &c, short— care, fae, last, fall, what; theee, term; marine, bird; move, 



ALL 



15 



ALT 



AL-LuR'ER, n. One who allures, entices, or 
tempts. 

AL-LuR'ING, ppr. or a. Tempting by apparent 
good ; inviting ; pleasing. 

AL-LuRTXG-LY, ad. In an alluring manner. 

AL-LCR'IXG-XESS, n. The quality of alluring or 
tempting by the prospect of some good. 

AL-LO'SIOX (-lu'zhun), n. Indirect reference ; in 
rhetoric, a figure by which some word or phrase 
in a sentence calls to mind a similar subject of a 
well-k nown or striking nature. [ly. 

AL-Lu'SiVE, a. Hinting at; referring to indirect- 

AL-Lu'SrYE-LY, ad. In an allusive manner. 

AL-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being allu- 
sive^ 

AL-Lu'VI-AL, a. Pertaining to alluvion ; washed 
to land ; added by water. 

AL-Lu'YI-ON, n. Earth earned by the motion of 
water and deposited. 

AL-Lu'YI-UM, n. ; pi. Al-le'vi-a. The matter 
deposited by the washing of floods, &c. 

AL-Lv', v. t. To unite by compact, marriage, &c 

AL-LY', n.; pi. Al-lies'. One who is united by 
compact, marriage, &c. ; a confederate. 

XI/MA-CaN'TAR. See Aluecantab. 

AL'MA-gEST, n. A book of problems in astrono- 
my and geometry, drawn up by Ptolemy. 

+AL'MA Ma'TER, n. [L.] Fostering mother; a 
term applied to the institution where one was ed- 
ucated. 

AL'MA-NAO, n. A calendar of months, weeks, 
days, celestial phenomena, and other matters, for 
the year. 

iL'MEH, n. A dancing-girl in Egypt. 

AL-MTGHT'I-NESS (-nrTte-ness), n. A power to 
do all things. [ited power. 

AL-MlGHT'Y (-mi'ty),a. All-powerful; of unlim- 

AL-MiGHT'Y, n. God; the Supreme Being. 

AL'MOND. (It is popularly pronounced ii'mond.) 
n. The fruit of the almond-tree. 

XL'MOXD-FuR'NACE, n. A kind of furnace used 
in refining metals. [glands ; the tonsils. 

XI/MOND8, of the throat, n. pi. Two round 

AL'MOX-ER, n. One who distributes alms for an- 
other. 

AL'MON-RY, n. A place for distributing alms. 

AL-MoST', ad. Nearly; well-nigh. 

.ALMS (iimz), n., sing, and pL Any gratuitous gift 
to the poor ; a charitable donation. 

XLMS'-DEED, n. An act of charity ; a gift. 

XLMS'-GiV-IXG, n. The bestowment of charity. 

SLMS'-HOUSE, n. A house for the poor who sub- 
sist on charity. 

aLMS'-MAX. n. A man living on charity. 

AL'MU-CAX'TAR, n. A term formerly applied to 
a circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon. 

aL'MUG-TREE,J n. (Mentioned in Scripture), 

AL'GUM-TREE,j supposed to be sandal-wood. 
Kim. 

aL'XAgE, n. A measuring by the ell. 

aL^XA-gER,? n. An officer in England formerly 

aL'XA-GAR,) appointed to inspect and measure 
cloth. [several species. 

AL'oE (al'o), n. ; pi. ae'oes. A kind of tree of 

AL'oES (al'oz), n. The inspissated juice of the 
aloe ; a stimulating cathartic medicine. 

AL-0-ET'I€, ) a. Pertaining to or partaking 

AL-O-ET'IC-AL, f of the qualities of aloes. 

A-L6FT' (-20), ad. On high ; in the rigging. 

AL'O-MAX-CY, n. Divination by salt. 

A-LoXE', a. Single; solitary; apart from others. 

A-L6XG' (20), ad. Onward;" forward. 

A-LoXG', prep. Lengthwise ; throughout ; by the 
side of; near; implying extended motion or po- 
sition. 

A-LoXG'STDE, ad. Bv the side of a ship. 

A-LOOF", ad. At a distance. 

A-LOUD', ad. Loudly. 

AL-PA€'A, n. The Peruvian sheep; cloth made 
of their wool, or other of great 'fineness. 



1 AL'PHA, n. The fir? t letter of the Greek alphabet, 
j used to denote first. 

AL'PHA-BET, n. The letters of a language ar- 
ranged in the customary order. 

AL'PHA-BLT, v. t. To arrange in the order of an 
alphabet. 

AL-PHA-B£T'I€, J a. Iii the order of an al- 

AL-PIlA-BKT'IG-AL.f phabet. [alphabet. 

AL-PHA-BLTTG-AL-LY, ad. A.ccording to the 

aL'PI-geXE, a. Pro luced in Alpine regions. 

AL'PIXE, a. Pertaining to the Alps; very high; 
sometimes pronounced al'pin. 

AL-RkAD'Y (-ivd'y), ad. Before this time; now. 

AL'SO, ad. or conj. Likewise ; in like manner. 

ALT. lit.'] A term applied to the high notes in 
mus_ic. 

AL-Ta'I€, a. Noting high mountains in Asia. 

AL'TAR (awl'tar), n. An erection for sacrifices or 
offerings to a diity; applied by some Christians 
to the conimuuion-table ; figuratirelu, a church. 

AL'TAR-AgE, n. The profits arising to a priest 
for oblations, or on account of the altar. 

AL'TAR-€L6TH, n. A cloth to lay upon an altar 
in churches. 

AL'TAR-PIECE, n. A painting placed over the 
altar; entire decoration of an altar. 

AL'TER (awl'ter), v. t. To make some change in. 

AL'TER, v. i. To become different ; to vary. 

AL'TER-A-BLE, a. That mav be changed. 

AL'TER-A-BLE-NESS,? n. the quality of being 

AL-TER-A-BlL'I-TY, f susceptible of change. 

AL'TER-A-BLY, ad. In an alterable manner. 

AL'TER-AXT. a. Producing or causing a change. 

AL'TER-AXT, n. A medicine which gradually 
correctsjhe state of the body; an alterative. 

AL-TER-a'TIOX, n. A change ; act of changing. 

AL'TER-A-TIYE. a. Causing alteration. 

AL'TER-A-TIYE. n. A medicine that gradually 
produces a change in the habit or constitution. 
Alterant is obsolete. [wrangle. 

aL'TER-CXTE (°). v. i. To contend in words ; to 

aL-TER-€a'TIOX (0), n, A dispute with anger.— 
Sra. Wrangle ; dispute. — An altercation is an 
angry dispute between two parties; a wrangle is 
a noisy altercation. 

aL'TkRX. a. Acting by turns; alternate. 

AL-TeRX'ATE (9, 13), a. By turns; in succes- 
sion ; one_after the other. 

aL'TERX-aTE (9), v. t. To change or perform by 
turns ; v. i., to happen or to act by turns. 

AL-TeRX'ATE (0, 13), n. That which happens 
by turns ; a substitute. 

AL-TeRX'ATE-LY (:>, 13), ad. Mutually; by 
turns ; one after the other. 

aL'TERX-a-TIXG 0. o. Noting interchange or 
mutual correspondence ; acting alternately or re- 
ciprocals. 

AL-TERX-a'TION,> (9), n. The reciprocal succes- 

AL-TERN'I-TY, J sion of things in time or 
place. 

AL-TeEX'A-TIYE (9, 13), a. Offering a choice of 
two things. 

AL-TERX'A-TIYE (9, 13), n. That which may be 
chosen or omitted ; a choice of two things. 

AL-TERX'A-TiVE-LY ('J, lb), ad. In an alternate 
manner; reciprocally. 

AL-TeRX'A-TIVE-XESS (0, ID), 71. The quality 
or state of being alternative. 

AL-THoUGH' (awl-thf/), conj. Grant ; allow ; ad- 
mit ; be it so ; commonly used as a conjunction. 

AL-TiL'O-QUEXCE, n. Lofty speech ; pompous 
language. 

AL-TiL'O-QUEXT, a. High-sounding; pompous. 

AL-TiM'E-TER, n. An instrument for taking al- 
titudes by geometrical principles. 

AL-TIM'E-TRY n. The art of ascertaining alti- 
tudes bv means of a proper instrument. 

AL-TTS'O-NANT,}, a. High-sounding; lofty or 

AL-TiS'O-NOUS, J pompous, as in language. 

AL'TI-TuDE, n. Extension measured upward; 



dove, wolf, nooK ; eule, eui.l ; vi 'cious. — € as k ; g as j ; sasz; cu as sn 



tuis. * JS'ot English. 



ALT 



1G 



AMB 



height ; elevation. In astronomy, angle of ele- 
vation above the horizon. 

Al/TO, ad. High ; n. in music, the counter-tenor. 

+AI/TO RE-LIe'VO (re-lee'vo). llf] High relief 
in sculpture ; the figure standing out nearly de- 
tached from the background. [pletely. 

AL-TO-GeTH'ER, ad. Wholly; entirely; com- 

Al/u-DEL, n. A chemical pot open at each end, 
used in sublimation. 

AL'TJM, n. An astringent mineral salt composed 
ofalumina, potash, and sulphuric acid. 

A-Lu'MlN-AJ n. An earth composed of alumin- 

aL'u-MiNE, j um and oxygen ; pure clay or 
argil. 

AL-u-MIN-iF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or contain- 
ing alum. 

A-LO'MIN-OUS, a. Containing or like alum. 

A-Lu'MIN-UM, n. A metal, the base of alumina. 

aL'UM-ISH, a. Having the nature of alum. 

A-LuM'NUS, n. ; pi. A-lum'ni. A pupil ; a grad- 
uate of a literary or scientific institution. 

aI/VE-A-RY, n. A bee-hive ; the hollow of the ear. 

AT/VE-O-LAR, \ a. Containing sockets, hollow 

AL'VE-0-LA-RY,j cells, or pits. 

aI/VE-O-LaTE, a. Pitted, like a honey-comb. 

AL' ViNE (al'viu), a. Belonging to or coming from 
the belly or intestines. 

AL'WaY, X ad. For ever; ever; continually; 

AL'WaYS, j without variation. 

A.M. The initial letters of Artium Magister, mas- 
ter of arts ; also, of Anno Mundi, in the year of 
the world ; and of Ante Meridiem, before noon. 

AM. The first person of the verb to be. [once. 

A-MaIN', ad. With all force; without stop; at 

A-MAI/GAM, n. A mixture of quicksilver with 
another metal ; any mixture. 

A-MaI/GAM-aTE, v. t. To mix metals with 
quicksilver; hence, to mix different things inti- 
mately. [or_any intimate connection ; to blend. 

A-MaI/GAM-aTE, v. i. To unite in an amalgam 

A-MAL-GAM-a'TION, n. The mixing of mercury 
with another metal ; the mixing or blending of 
different things. 

A-MAN-u-eN'SIS, n. ; pi. A-man-u-en'se$. A writ- 
er of what another dictates ; a secretary. 

AM'A-RANTH, n. A genus of plants including 
Prince's feather, &c. ; an imaginary flower that 
never fades; a purplish color. 

AM-A-EANTH'iN'E, a. Belonging to, consisting 
of, or resembling amaranth ; unfading. 

A-MAR'I-TuDE, n. Bitterness. 

A-MaSS' (6), v. t. To collect into a heap. — Syn. 
To heap up ; accumulate ; pile up ; gather. 

A-MaSS'MENT, n. A heap ; accumulation. 

AM-A-TEuR' (am-a-turO, n. An unprofessional 
cultivator of a study or art. 

AM'A-TiVE-NESS, n. Propensity to love. 

AM-A-To'RI-AL,7 a. Relating to or induced by 

AM'A-TO-RY, j love. 

AM-A-To'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to love. 

AM-AU-Ro'SIS, n. A decay of sight arising from 
paralysis of the retina and optic nerve. 

A-MaZE', v. t. Literally, to throw into a maze ; 
to confound with surprise and wonder; to per- 
plex ; n. astonishment ; perplexity. 

A-MaZ'ED-LY, ad. With amazement. 

A-MaZ'ED-NESS, n. Astonishment; great wonder. 

A-MaZE'MENT, n. A mingled feeling of surprise 
and wonder. — Syn. Astonishment; admiration; 
perplexity ; confusion. 

A-MaZ'ING, ppr. or a. Astonishing; wonderful. 

A-MaZ'ING-LY, ad. In a manner to astonish; 
wonderfully. v. [woman. 

aM'A-ZON, n. A virago ; a masculine or warlike 

AM-A-Zo'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Amazons or to 
Amazonia, or the river Amazon. 

aM'A-ZON*, n. pi. In An-ient History, a fabu- 
lous nation of female warriors. 

AMB and AM. About; around; used in composi- 
tion. 



AM-BaS'SA-DOR, n. An envoy of the highest 
rank sent to a foreign government. See Embas- 
sador. 

aM'BER, n. A fossil resin of vegetable origin, yel- 
lowish in color, and highly electrical when rub- 
bed, [of the color of amber. 

AM'BER, a. Consisting of or resembling amber; 

AM'BER-GRiS (-greese), n. A fragrant resinous 
substance used in perfumery, &c. 

AM-BI-DeX'TER (am-be-d5ks'ter), n. One who 
uses both hands with equal facility; a double 

AM-BI-DEX-TeR'I-TY, Xn. The power of us- 

AM-BI-DeX'TROUS-NESSJ* ing both hands with 
equal ease ; double dealing. 

AM-BI-DeX'TROUS, a. Double dealing ; having 
the faculty of using both hands with equal ease. 

AM'BI-ENT, a. Encompassing; surrounding. 

+AM'BI-Gu, n. [Fr.] An entertainment with a 
medley of dishes. 

AM-BI-GO'I-TY, n. A double meaning ; doubtful- 
ness or uncertainty of meaning. 

AM-BiG'0-OUS (-big'yu-us), a. Doubtful; having 
more than one meaning ; equivocal. 

AM-BiG'u-OUS-LY, ad. In an ambiguous manner; 
equivocally. 

AM-BiG'u-OUS-NESS, n. Doubtfulness; ambigu- 
ity; and hence, obscurity. 

AM-BiL'O-gY, n. Talk, or language of doubtful 
meaning. [sions. 

AM-BiL'O-QUOUS, a. Using ambiguous expres- 

AM-BiL'O-QUY, n. Talk of ambiguous meaning. 

AM'BIT, n. The circuit or compass of any thing. 

AM-Bi"TION (-bish'un), n. Eager desire of power, 
fame, or superiority. — Syn. Eagerness ; avidity ; 
aspiration ; greediness. 

AM-Bi"TIOUS, a. Eagerly desirous of power, fame, 
or superiority ; showy. [tious manner. 

AM-Bi"TIOUS-LY (-bish'us-ly), ad. In an ambi- 

AM-Bi"TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being am- 
bitious; ambition. 

aM'BLE, v. i. To move gently, as a horse does 
when lifting two legs on the same side at once ; 
hence, to move affectedly. 

aM'BLE, n. A peculiar pace of a horse, in which 
the two legs move together on the same side. 

AM'BLER, n. A horse which ambles. 

aM-'BLITXG, ppr. or a. Lifting the two legs on the 
same side at first going off, and then changing. 

AM'BO, X n. A desk or pulpit in early Christian 

aM'BONJ" churches. [the gods; a plant. 

AM-BRo'SIA (-bro'zha), n. The imaginary food of 

AM-BRo'SIAL (-bro'zhal), a. Partaking of the na- 
ture of ambrosia ; delicious; fragrant. 

AM-BRo'SIAN, a. Pertaining to St. Ambrose. 

AM'BRO-TTPE, n. A daguerreotype taken on a 
plate of glass covered on the back with iodide of 

AM'BRY, n. An almonry ; a pantry. [silver. 

aMBS'aCE (amz'ace), n. A double ace. 

aM'BU-LANCE, n. [Fr.] A movable hospital for 
the wounded, used in armies. [to place. 

aM'BU-LANT, a. Walking; moving from place 

AM'BU-LaTE, v. i. To walk ; to move hither and 
thither. _ [ing about. 

AM-BU-La'TION, n. The act of walking; walk- 

AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Walking; moving; n. a 
place to walk in. 

aM'BU-RY,1 n. A swelling on a horse, full of 

AN'BU-RYJ blood. 

AM'BUS-€ aDE, n. Literally, a lying in a wood ; 
a concealed state, where men lie in wait to sur- 
prise others ; a lying in wait ; the men thus con- 
cealed. 

AM-BUS-CaDE', v. t. To lie in wait ; to attack 
from a concealed position. 

aM'BPSH, n. A concealed station for troops to 
lie in wait in ; a lying in wait. 

aM'BUSH, v. t. To lie in wait for ; to surprise ; to 
place in ambush. 

aM'BUSH-MENT, n. An ambush, which see. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — caee, fab, last, fall, what; theke, teem; maei>"e, niED ; move, 



AME 



17 



AMP 



A-MEL'IOR-aTE (-mel'yor-), V. t. To make better ; 
to improve. [ate. 

A-MEL'IOR-aTE, v. i. To growbetter ; to melior- 

A-MEL-IOR-a'TIOX (a-mel-yor-a'shuu), ft. A mak- 
ing better; improvement. 

A-MEX'. So be it ; verily ; ft. truth. In singing, 
pronounced ii-men. 

A-ME-XA-Bil/I-TY, X ft. A state of being ame- 

A-ME'XA-BLE-NESS,J nable. [count. 

A-Me'XA-BLE, a. Liable to answer or give an ac- 

A-MeXD', v. t. To correct; to make better in a 
moral sense, as to amend our ways ; to supply a 
defect, as to amend a bill.— Syn. To correct ; re- 
form; rectify.— To amend is literally to take 
away blots, and hence to remove faults; to re- 
form is to form over again for the better; to 
correct is to make straight or right ; to rectify is 
to set right. We rectify abuses, mistakes, &c. ; 
correct errors; we reform or amend our lives. 

A-MEXD', v. i. To grow better; to improve mor- 
ally. 

A-MEXD'A-BLE, a. That may be amended. 

A-MEXD'A-TO-RY, a. Containing amendment; 
corrective. 

*A-MENDE' (a-mandO, n. [JFr.] Fine ; reparation ; 
retraction. Amende honorable, formerly in 
France an infamous punishment, now a public 
recantation or apology for injury done. 

A-MEXD'ER, n. The "person that amends. 

A-MEXD'MEXT, n. A change for the better ; an ad- 
dition to a motion, bill, &c, with a view to change 
or improvement. [faction. 

A-MeXDS' (a-mcndz'), n. pi. Recompense ; satis- 

A-MeN'I-TY, n. Pleasantness of situation or ad- 
dress, [the court. 

A-MERCE' (13), v. t TO fine at the discretion of 

A-MERCE'A-BLE, a. Liable to amercement. 

A-MERCE'MEXT, n. A fine at the discretion of 
the court. 

A-MERT-CAX-ISM, ft. A word, idiom, or some 
other thing peculiar to Americans; the love of 
Americans for their own country or its interests. 

A-MeRT-€AX-iZE, v. t. To render American. 

AM'E-THYST, ft. A precious stone of a violet blue 

AM-E-THYST'IXE, a. Like an amethyst, [color. 

A.-MI-A-BiL'1-TY, ft. Amiableness ; loveliness. 

a'MI-A-BLE, a. Worthy to be loved. — Syn. Love- 
ly; charming; delightful. 

a'MI-A-BLE-XESS, n. The quality of deserving 

_ love ; loveliness : agreeableness. 

a'MI-A-BLY, ad. In an amiable manner. 

AM-I-aX'THUS, ft. A variety of asbestos, having 
long threads like flax. It is incombustible, and 
sometimes wrought into cloth and paper. 

A.MT-CA-BLE, a. Harmonious in mutual inter- 
course. — Syn. Friendly; peaceable; fraternal. — 
Amicable always supposes two parties, as an am- 
icable arrangement. We can not say of a single 
individual that he was amicable, though we can 
say he was friendly. 

AM'i-€A-BLE-XESS, ft. Friendliness; kindness. 

AMT-CA-BLY, ad. In a friendly way; obligingly. 

AM'SCE (Sm'it), ft. A square linen cloth worn by 
a Roman Catholic priest about his shoulders un- 
der the alb. Milton uses it for covering or gar- 
ment. 

A-MiD', X prep. In the middle; amongst; min- 

A-MlDST,j gledwith; among. 

A-MID'SHIPS, ad. In the middle of a ship as to 
her length and breadth. [faulty manner. 

A-MiSS', a. or ad. Wrong; improperly; in a 

AM'I-TY, n. Friendship ; agreement ; harmony ; 
goo d_und erstanding. 

AM-Mo'XT-A, ft. A volatile alkali of a pungent 
emell; spirit of hartshorn. 

AM-Mo'XI-AC, X 0- Pertaining to ammonia, 

AM-MO-Xi'AC-ALJ or possessing its qualities. 

AM-Mo'XI-AC, ? ft. A gum resin used in 

AM-MO-Nl'A€-TJM,f medicine, brought from Af- 
rica and the East Indies. 



AM-Mo'XI-UM, ft. The hypothetical base of am- 
monia, supposed to be metallic. 

AM-MU-Xl'TIOX (-nish'un), n. Military stores or 
provisions for attack or defense. 

AM'XES-TY, ft. A general pardon of offenses 
against government. 

A-MoXG (a-miing'), X prep. Conjoined; in a 

A-MOXGST (a-mungst'),j mingled state ; amidst. 

AM'O-RET, ft. A lover. [love affair. 

AM'O-RETTE, ft. An amorous woman ; a petty 

AM'OR-OUS, a. Inclined to love ; full of love ; 
pertaining to love. — Syn. Loving ; fond. 

aM'O-ROUS-LY, ad. Lovingly; fondly; very 
kindly; passionately. 

AM'O-ROUS-XESS, ft. The quality of being am- 
orous; lovingness; love; fondness. 

A-MoRPH'OUS (-mor'fus), a. Having no determ- 
inate form ; shapeless. 

A-MoRPH'Y (-mor'fy), ft. Irregularity of form. 

A-MORT', ad. Lifeless; dead; dejected. 

A-MORT-I-Za'TIOXJ ft. The act or right of 

A-M6RT'iZE-MEXT,j alienating lands or tene- 
ments to a corporation. 

A-M6RT'IZE, v. t. To alienate to a corporation. 

A-MOUXT", v. i. To reach or equal in amount ; to 
compose in the whole. 

A-MOUXT', ft. The sum total; whole; result. 

A-MoUR' (-moorO, n. A love intrigue. 

AM-PHIB'I-A, X n. pi. A class of animals hav- 

AM-PHiBT-AX$,j ing both lungs and gills, and 
capable of existing both in water and on land. 

AM-PHIBT-AX, ft. An amphibious animal. 

AM-PHIB-I-oL'O-GY, ft. That part of natural 
history which treats of amphibious animals. 

AM-PHIB'I-OUS (-fib'e-us), a. Living in two dif- 
ferent elements ; of a mixed nature. 

AM-PHiB'I-OUS-XESS, ft. The faculty of living 
on land or in water. [ing ; ambiguous. 

AM-PHIB-0-L6g'IC-AL, a. Of doubtful mean- 

AM-PHT-BoL'O-GY, ft. A phrase or discourse 
susceptible of two interpretations. 

AM-PHiB'O-LOUS, a. Tossed from one to anoth- 
er ; susceptible of two meanings. [ing. 

AM-PHiB'O-LY (-f ib'o-ly), w. Ambiguity of mean- 

AM'PHI-BRACH (-brak), n. A foot of three sylla- 
bles, the middle one long, the first and last short. 

AM-PHI€-TY-5X'IC, a. Pertaining to the coun- 
cil of the Amphictyons in Greece. 

AM-PHi€'TY-OXS, ft. pi. A celebrated council 
of deputies from the different states of Greece. 

AM-PHIG'A-MOUS, a. In botany, having no visi- 
ble organs of fructification. 

AM-PHIM'A-CER (-fim'a-ser), n. In ancient po- 
etry, a foot of three syllables, the middle one 
short, and the others long, as Cas-ti-tas. 

AM-PHiP'RO-STvLE (-fip'-), ft. An edifice with 
columns on the front and rear, but not on the 
sides. 

AM-PHiS'CI-l, ft. pi. People dwelling within the 
tropics, whose shadows fall sometimes north and 
sometimes south. 

AM-PHI-THE'A-TER,? ft. An edifice of a round 

AM-PHI-THE'A-TRE,(* or oval form, having its 
arena encompassed with rows of seats rising grad- 
ually one above the other, for public exhibitions. 

AM-PHI-THE'A-TRAL, a. Resembling an amphi- 
theater. 

AM-PHI-THE-aT'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to or 
exhibited in an amphitheater. 

aM'PHI-TEiTE, ft. In Grecian Mythology, a god- 
dess of the seas ; the sea personified ; a genus of 
tubicular marine animals. 

aM'PHO-RA (am'fo-ra), n. A two-handed liquor 
measure among the Greeks and Romans. 

aM'PLE, a. Large in extent, size, quantity, &c. ; 
fully adequate to an end. — Syn. Spacious; capa- 
cious; extensive; abundant; plenteous. — When 
we mean by ample large in extent, we say spa- 
cious or extensive; large in size, capacious; 
large in quantity, abundant or plenteous. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; BULE, BULL 



vi ciots. — € as k; 
B 



s as z ; CHassn; this. + Xot English. 



AMP 



IS 



ANA 



AM'PLE-XESS, n. Largeness; extent; abundance. 

AM-PLeX'I-GAUL, a. Surrounding the stem. 

AM-FLiF'I-GaTE, v. t. To enlarge; to amplify. 

AM-PLI-FI-€a'TIGN, n. Enlargement; exagger- 
ated description or diffuse narration. 

aM'PLI-Fi-ER, n. One who enlarges. 

aM'PLI-Fy, v. t. To enlarge; to exaggerate; to 
treat copiously. [dilate. 

aM'PLI-Fy, v. i. To exaggerate ; to he diffuse ; to 

AM'PLI-TuDE, ft. Extent; largeness; sufficien- 
cy ; in astronomy, the angular distance of a body 
at rising or setting from the east or west point of 
the horizon. 

aM'PLY, ad. Largely ; liberally ; fully. 

AM-PUL-La'CEOUS (-lit'shus), fl. Like a bottle. 

aM'PU-TaTE, v. t. To cut off, as a limb. 

AM-PU-Ta'TIOX, n. The act or operation of cut- 
ting off a limb or other part. 

A-MuCK', n. A Malay word for killing. To run 
amuck is to rush out frantically, attacking all 
that come in the way, as is done by fanatics in 

_ the East, 

A.M'u-LET, n. Something worn to prevent evil. 

A-MuSE', v. t. To entertain agreeably ; to occirpy 
attention with something pleasing or humorous ; 
to delude. — Syn. To divert; entertain. — We are 
amused by that which occupies us lightly and 
pleasantly ; entertained by that which brings our 
minds into agreeable contact with others, as con- 
versation or a book; diverted by that which draws 
off our thoughts to something of livelier interest, 
especially of a sportive nature, as a humorous 
story or a laughable incident. 

A-MuSE'MENT, n. That which amuses. — Syn. 
Diyei-sion; pastime; entertainment; sport. 

A-MuS'IXG, ppr. or a. Affording amusement; 
entertaining. 

A-MuS'IXG-LY, ad. In an amusing way. 

A-Mu'SiVE, a. Capable of amusing ; entertaining ; 
diverting; pleasing. [monds. 

A-M?G 'DA-LATE, n. An emulsion made of al- 

A-MyG'DA-LATE, a. Made of almonds. 

A-Mf G'DA-LiXE, a. Pertaining to almonds. 

A-MyG'DA-LiXE, n. A crystalline principle ob- 
tained from bitter almonds. 

A-MyG'DA-LOID, n. A variety of trap-rock with 
embedded almond-shaped minerals. [loid. 

A-MYG-DA-LOID'AL, a. Resembling amygda- 

AM-Y-La'CEOUS (-la'shus), a. Pertaining to 
starch. 

AN, a., called the indefinite article ; in derivation an 
adjective. One, denoting an individual. It drops 
the n before the consonant, and becomes a, as a 
pen. An, in old authors, signifies if. 

a'NA, n. [(?/•.] In medical prescriptions, an equal 

_ quantity of each. 

a'NA, as a termination, denotes a collection of re- 
markable sayings, as Joltnsoniana. [tist. 

AN-A-BaP'TISM, n. The doctrine of the anabap- 

AN-A-BaP'TIST, n. One who holds that adults 
alone should be baptized, and that, if baptized in 
infancy, they should be baptized again. 

AX-AGH'O-RET (-ak'-), ft. A hermit. 

AN-aGH'RO-NISM (-ak'kro-nizm), n. An error 
in chronology, by which an event is referred to a 
wrong time. [nism. 

AN-ACH-RO-XiST'IC, a. Involving an anachro- 

+AX-A-CCE-X0-SIS (-se-no'sis), n. [Gr.] A figure 
of rhetoric, by which the speaker appeals to his 
hearers or opponents for their opinions on the 
point of debate. 

AX-A-G6X'DA, n. A large serpent in the East. 

A-XAG-RE-oX'TIO, a. Pertaining to Anacreon, a 
Greek poet. 

A-XAO-RE-oX'TIO. n. A poem in the style of 
Anacreon. 

aN'A-DEM, n. A garland or fillet. 

AN-A-DI-PLo'SIS,"n. A figure of rhetoric, con- 
sisting of the repetition of the last word in a sen- 
tence in the beginning of the next. 



Insensibility to pain. 
Suspending sensation or 



*AX-iES-THE'SIS, n. 

AX-^ES-THeT'IG, a. 
sense of pain. 

AX'A-GLYPH (an'a-glif), n. Chased or embossed 
work in metal or other substances, [embossing. 

AX-A-GLyP'TIG, a. Pertaining to engraving or 

AX-A-GOg'IG-AL, a. Mysterious ; mystical ; spir- 
itual. 

aX'A-GRAM, n. A transposition of the letters of 
words so as to form new ones, as astronomers into 
inoon-starers. 

AX-A-GRAM-MaT'IG, fl. Making an anagram. 

AX-A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A maker of anagrams. 

a'XAL, a. Belong to or near the anus. 

AX-A-LeG'TIG, fl. Collecting. [authors. 

AN'A-LEGTS, ft. pi. Collected fragments from 

AN-A-LeP'TIG, fl. Giving strength after disease. 

AX-A-Log'IG-AL, fl. According to analogy. 

AX-A-Log'IG-AL-LY, ad. By way of analogy. 

AX-A-L6g'IG-AL-XESS, n. The quality of being 
analogical. 

A-XAL'Q-GlSM, n. An argument from cause to 
effect; investigation by analogy. [analogy. 

A-XaL'O-giZE, v. t. To explain or consider by 

A-XAL'O-GOUS, fl. Having analogy; correspond- 
ent, [some other thing. 

aX'A-LoGUE, n. A thing that is analogous to 

A-XaL'O-gY, n. A remote likeness; similarity 
between different objects in respect to form, de- 
sign, effects, &c, or in the relations they bear to 
other objects. 

A-NaL'Y-SIS, n. ; pi. A-nal'y-ses. Separation of 
a body, or of a subject, woi-d, &c, into its ele- 
ments or component parts: opposed to synthesis, 
which is the uniting of things into a whole or 
compound. 

AX'A-LYST, n. One who analyzes any thing. 

AX-A-LyT'IG, \ fl. Pertaining to analysis ; re- 

AX-A-LyT'IO-AL,j solving into parts or first 
principles; fond of analysis. 

AX-A-LyT'IG-AL-LY, ad. By way of analysis. 

AX-A-LyT'IGS, n. jjL The science of analysis. 

AX-A-LTZ'A-BLE, a. That can be analyzed. 

AX-A-LTZ-a'TIOX, n. Act of analyzing. 

AX'A.-LvZE, v. t. To separate into parts; to re- 
solve into first principles or elements. 

aN'A-LyZ-ER, n. One that analyzes. 

AX-A-MoRPH'O-SIS or AX-A-MORPH-0'SIS, ft. 
In perspective draiving, a figure appearing at one 
point of view deformed, and in another an exact 
representation of an object; in botany, excessive 
development. 

AX'A-PEST, n. In poetry, a foot of three sylla- 
bles, the first two short and the last long. 

A-XaPH'O-RA, n. A figure in rhetoric in which 
the same word is repeated at the beginning of 
two or more successive sentences. 

aX'aROH (an'ark), n. 'An author of confusion. 

AX-XRGH'IG (-ihk'ikU fl. Being without gov- 

AX-XRGH'IG-AL, j* eminent; confused. 

AX'ARGH-IST, ft. One who promotes disorder; 
an anarch. [in society ; confusion. 

AX'ARGH-Y Cm'ark-y), n. Want of government 

AX-A-SXRG'OUS, a. Dropsical. 

AX-AS-TO-MAT'IG, fl. Having the quality of re- 
moving obstructions. [sis. 

A-XAS'TO-MoSE, v. i. To unite as by anastomo- 

A-XAS-TO-Mo'SIS, ft. The joining together of 
the vessels or circulatory organs of a body or 
plant, as of arteries or veins. 

A-XAS'TRO-PHE, n. In rhetoric, inversion of the 
natural order of words. 

A-XaTH'E-MA, n. Literally, a curse ; excommu- 
nication with curses. 

A-XATH-E-MaT'IG-AL, fl. Pertaining to anath- 
ema, [ematizing. 

A-XATH-E-MA-TI-Za'TIOX, n. The act of anath- 

A-XaTH'E-MA-TIZE, v. t. To denounce with 
curses. [tizes. 

A-XaTH'E-MA-TiZ-ER, ft. One who anathema- 



a, e, <kc, long. — a, £, &c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what; there, tekm; jiakke, bird; move, 



ANA 



19 



AXI 



AN-A-ToM'I€-AL, a. Belonging to anatomy. 

AN-A-T6M'I€-AL-LY, ad. By means of dissec- 
tion. 

A-NaT'O-MIST, n. One who dissects bodies, or is 
skilled in anatomy. 

A-NaT'O-MiZE, v. t. To dissect an animal; to 
lay open the interior structure of a body. 

A-NaT'O-MY, n. The art of dissection ; the sci- 
ence of the structure of animal bodies; the body 
stripped of its integuments and muscles ; ironic- 
ally, a meager person. 

AN'CES-TOR, n. One from whom a person is de- 
scended. — Syn. Forefather; progenitor. 

AN-CeS'TRAL, a. Relating to or claimed from 
ancestors. [age. 

aN^CES-TRY, n. Pedigree; birth; descent; line- 

AN'GHOR (ank'ur), n. An iron instrument for 
holding a vessel at rest in water ; any firm sup- 
port. 

aN'€HOR, v. t. To place at anchor; to fix. 

AN'€HOR (ank'ur), v. i. To cast an anchor; to 
stop at; to fix or rest on. [ing. 

aN'-CHOR-AgE (ank'ur-), n.. Ground for anckor- 

A.N'€HOR-ESS, n. A female hermit. 

XN'fHOR tTE f n ' A hermit; a recluse; a monk. 

AN-(JHo'VY, n. A small sea-fish used for sauce. 

aN'CIENT (iin'shent), a. Old ; belonging to former 
times; antique. — Syn. Primitive; pristine; anti- 
quated ; obsolete. — A thing is ancient when it is 
old; it is antiquated, antique, and obsolete, when 
it is gone out of use or fashion. [formerly. 

aN'GTENT-LY (an'shent-ly), ad. In old times; 

"aN'CIENT-NESS, n. Great age ; oldness ; antiq- 

_ uity. 

aN'CIENT-RY, n. Ancient lineage, [old times. 

AN'CIENTS (an'shents), n.pl. Those who lived in 

aN'CIL-LA-RY, a. Relating to a female servant ; 
auxiliary or subordinate. 

AN-CiPT-TAL, a. Doubtful ; double formed. 

AN'€oNE$, n. pi. In architecture, the brackets 
supporting a cornice on the flanks ; also, the cor- 
ners of a wall 

AN'€0-NY, n. In iron ivories, a partially wrought 
bloom, or half-formed bar of iron. 

AND, con. A word that joins sentences. 

+AN-DaN'TE. lit] In music, a word directing 
to a moderately slow movement. 

AND'i-RON (-i-urn), n. An iron utensil to hold 
wood in a fire-place. 

AN-DRog'Y-NAL, \ a. Having both sexes ; her- 

AN-DRoG'Y-NOUS,f maphroditical. 

AN-DROID'e$ (-droid'ez), n. A self-moving ma- 
chine in_a human form ; an automaton. 

A.N'E€-DoTE, n. In its original sense, secret his- 
tory, or facts not generally known ; a biographic- 
al incident; brief narrative of an event. — Syn. 
Story; tale; memoir. 

AN-E€-DoT'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to anecdotes. 

AN-E-M6G'RA-PHY, n. A description of the 
winds. 

AN-E-MoL'O-gY, n. The doctrine of winds. 

AN-E-MoM'E-TER, n. An instrument to ascer- 
tain the strength or velocity of winds. 

A-NeM'O-NE, n. The wind-flower, a genus of 
plants of many species. 

A-NeM'0-S€oPE, n. An instrument that shows 
the course or direction of the wind. 

AN'E-ROID, n. A portable barometer, shaped like 
a watch, which dispenses with the use of quick- 
silver. 

aN'Eu-RISM, n. A soft tumor arising from a dila- 
tation or rupture of an artery. 

A-NEW (a-nu'), ad. Newly ; over again ; afresh. 

aN'gEL, n. A divine messenger ; a spirit ; beau- 
tiful person ; old gold coin, worth about 10s. ster- 

_ ling. 

aN'gEL, a. Resembling angels ; angelic. 

AN-geL'I-G, X a. Belonging to or resembling 

AN-GEL'I-e-AL,f angels. 



AN-GeL'I€-AL-LY, ad. I.ike an angel. [gelic. 

AN-GEL'I€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being an- 

aN-GEL-oL'O-gY, n. The science or doctrine re- 
specting angels. 

aN g 'GER (ang'ger), n. A passion excited by a sense 
of wrong. — Syn. Indignation ; resentment; wrath ; 
fury; rage. — Anger is a stronger term than re- 
sentment, but not so strong as indignation, which 
is awakened by what is flagitious in character or 
conduct ; nor as wrath, fury, rage, in which an- 
ger is wrought up to a still higher point in the 
order of these words. 

A.N G 'GER (ang'ger), v. t. To call forth anger or 
strong displeasure. — Syn. To provoke; vex; dis- 
please; fret. 

AN-Gi'NA, n. Inflammation of the throat. 

AN-Gi'NA Pe€'TO-RIS, n. A distressing affec- 
tion of the chest. 

AN-gI-6G'EA-PHY,T n. Doctrine of the vessels 

AN-gI-oL'O-gY, f of the human body. 

AN-Gl-oT'O-MY, n. The opening of a blood-vessel. 

AN G 'GLE (ang'gl), n. A point where two lines meet, 
or the space included between two lines diverging 
from a point ; a corner. 

AN G 'GLE, Xn. A rod, line and hook for fish- 

AN G 'GLE-ROD,f ing. 

AN G 'GLE (ang'gl), v. i. To fish with a rod and hook. 

AN G 'GLER, n. One who fishes with a hook. 

aN g 'GLES (ang'glz), n. pi. A people of Germany, 
from whom the name of England was derived. 

aN g 'GLI-€AN (ang'gle-kan), a. From A ngles, En- 
glish, one of the tribes that peopled England ; per- 
taining to England. 

*aN g 'GLI-CE, ad. [L.] In English. [sion. 

aN g 'GLI-CI$M, n. An English idiom or expres- 

AN G 'GLI-CIZE, v. t. To render or express in En- 
glish, [line. 

AN G 'GLING (ang'gling), n. A fishing with rod and 

aN g 'GLO-A-MeR'I-€AN (ang'glo-), a. Pertaining 
to the descendants of Englishmen in America. 
The words Anglo-Xorman, Anglo-Saxon, &c, ex- 
plain themselves. 

AN G 'GOR (ang'gor), n. Intense bodily pain. 

aN°'GRI-LY (ang'gre-ly), ad. In an angry manner. 

aN g 'GRY (ang'giy), a. Excited by anger; feeling 
or showing anger; inflamed, as a sore; vexed, as 
loaves. — Syn. Passionate; resentful; irritated; 
raging; furious. 

aN-GUiL'LI-FORM, a. Resembling an eel. 

AN G 'GUISH (ang'guish), n. Excessive pain of 
mind or body. — Syn. Agony ; torture ; torment ; 
grief; pang; throe. 

aN g 'GU-LAR, a. Pertaining to or having angles; 
stiff and formal in motion; having offensive 
points of character. 

AN G 'GU-LAR'I-T Y (ang-gu-), n. The quality of be- 
ing angular. 

AN G 'GU-LAR-LY (ang'gu-), ad. With angles; in 
the direction of the angles. [gles. 

aN g 'GU-La-TED (ang-gu-), a. Formed with an- 

AN-GUS-Ta'TION, n. The act of making narrow. 

AN-HE-La'TION, n. Shortness of breath ; panting. 

AN-Hy'DROUS, a. Destitute of water. [made. 

AN'IL, n. The shrub from whose leaves indigo is 

AN'lLE, a. Old-womanish; imbecile. 

A-NiL'I-TY, n. The old age of a woman ; dotage. 

AN-I-MAD-VeR'SION, n. Remarks by way of crit- 
icism, censure, or reproof. — Syn. Strictures ; com- 
ment; blame. [perceiving. 
AN-I-MAD-VeR'SiVE, a. That has the power of 
AN-I-MAD-VeRT', v. i. To turn the mind to ; to 
pass censure upon. — Syn. To remark ; comment. 
AN-I-MAD-VeRT'ER, n. One who animadverts. 
A.N'1-MAL, n. A being with an organized body, 
endowed with life, sensation, and spontaneous 
motion. 
aN'I-MAL, a. Pertaining to an animal ; gross. 
AN-I-MAL'€U-LAR, T a. Pertaining to animal- 
AX-I-MAL'€U-LiNE,f cules. 
AN-I-MaL'€uLE, n. ; pi. An-1-mXl'cules. A mi- 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — o as K ; G as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + Xot English. 



ANI 



20 



ANT 



nutely small animal. Animalculce, as a plural, 
is wholly irregular. [edge of animalcules. 

AN-I-MAL'CU-LIST, n. One versed in the knowl- 

AN'I-MAL-FLOW-ER, n. A name applied to sev- 
eral species of zoophytes. 

AN'I-M AL-ISM, n. The state of mere animals ; 
brutishness. 

AN-I-MAL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of giving ani- 
mal life, or of converting into animal matter. 

AN-I-MALT-TY, n. The state of animal existence. 

AN'I-MaTE, v. t. To give life ; to give spirit or 
vigor. — Syn. To enliven ; inspirit; incite; quick- 
en ; encourage ; rouse ; impel. 

AN'I-MATE, a. Alive ; possessing animal life. 

AN'I-Ma-TED, a. Endowed with animal life ; full 
of life j enlivened; spirited; lively. 

AN'I-MA-TING,_ppr. and a. Giving life ; enliven- 
ing; inspiriting. 

aN'I-Ma-TING-LY, ad. So as to excite animation. 

AN-I-Ma'TION, n. The acb of infusing life, or 
state of being animated. — Syn. Vivacity ; spirit ; 
buoyancy; sprightliness ; liveliness ; promptness. 

aN'I-Ma-TiVE, a. That has the power of giving 
life or spirit. 

AN-I-MoS'I-TY, n. Extreme hatred ; passionate 
aversion. — Syn. Rancor; malevolence; maligni- 
ty ; rage ; wrath. 

+AN'I-MUS, n. The mind or intention. 

AN'iSE (an'is), n. A plant bearing aromatic seeds. 

ANK'ER, n. A measure for liquids, differing in 
different countries from 8 to 10 wine gallons. 

AN'KLE (ank'kl), n. The joint between the foot 
and leg. 

AN'LACE, n. A short sword or dagger. 

AN'NAL-IST, n. A writer of annals. 

AN'NALS, n. pi. Records of events year by year; 
chronological history; the books containing an- 
nals, [year's value of a benefice. 

AN'NATS, n. pi. First fruits ; a tax equal to a 

AN-NeAL', v. t. To make less brittle by heating 
and_slowly cooling ; to fix colors by heat. 

AN-NkAL'ING, n. The process of toughening by 
heat. ^ 

AN-NfiX', v. t. To join or add, at the end ; to unite, 
as a smaller thing to a greater. 

AN-NEX-A'TION, n. Act of annexing ; addition; 
union. [annexed. 

AN-NkX'MENT, n. The act of annexing; thing 

AN-Ni'HI-LaTE, v. t. To reduce to nothing; to 
put out of existence ; to destroy. 

AN-Ni-HI-La'TION, n. The act of reducing to 
nothing; the state of being reduced to nothing; 
destruction. [year. 

AN-NI-VeRS'A-RY (13), a. Returning with the 

AN-NI-VeRS'A-RY, n. The day on which an 
event is annually celebrated. 

+AN'NO D6M'I-NT. LL.] In the year of our Lord. 

+AN'NO MuN'DI. [£.] In the year of the world. 

AN-No'NA, n. A year's increase; provisions. 

AN'NO-TaTE, v. i. To make comments or notes. 

AN-NO-Ta'TION, n. An explanatory note.— Syn. 
Remarkj commentary; note. [tator. 

AN'NO-Ta-TOR, n. A writer of notes : a commen- 

AN-NOUNCE', v. t. To publish or give the first 
public notice of. — Syn. To proclaim ; publish ; 
make known; advertise. — Ho publish is to make 
publicly known ; to announce is to make known 
for the first time ; to proclaim (literally, to cry 
aloud) is to give the widest publicity ; to adver- 
tise is to make known through the public prints. 

AN-NOUNCE'MENT, n. A first publishing or pro- 
claiming; proclamation; declaration. 

AN-NOUNC'ER, n. One that announces. 

AN-NOY', v. t. To vex or disturb by repeated acts. 
— Syn. To incommode ; vex ; disturb ; pester ; 
molest; tease; bore; bother. 

AN-NOY'ANCE, n. Molestation by repeated acts. 
— Syn. Vexation; disturbance; injury; bore. 

AN-NOY'ER, n. One who annoys; one who in- 
jures. 



AN'NU-AL, a. Yearly ; recurring every year ; last- 
^ ing only a year or season ; performed in a year. 
AN'NU-AL, n. A book published yearly ; a plant 
_ whose root dies yearly. 
aN'NU-AL-LY, ad. Yearly; year by year. 
AN-Nu'I-TANT, n. A person who has an annuity. 
AN-Nu'1-TY, n. An allowance or payment yearly 

for a term of years. 
AN-NuL', v. t. To make void.— Syn. To repeal ; 
^ abolish ; abrogate ; revoke ; cancel ; set aside. 
AN'NU-LAR, \ a. In form of, or like a ring ; 
aN'NU-LA-RYJ round. 
AN'NU-La-TED, a. Having rings or belts. 
AN'NU-LET, n. A little ring ; a mark in heraldry ; 

a small moulding. 
AN-NOL'MENT, n. The act of annulling. 
AN'NU-LoSE,_a. Furnished with rings. 
AN-Nu'MER-aTE, v. t. To add to a number. 
AN-NU-MER-a'TION, n. Addition to a former 

number. 
AN-NuN'CI-aTE, v. t. To announce. 
AN-NUN-CI-a'TION (-she-a'shun), n. The act of 

announcing^ the thing announced. 
AN-NUN-CI-a'TI ON-DAY, n. The day on which 

the birth of the Savior was announced to Mary, 
^ no_w celebrated on the 25th of March. 
AN'oDE, n. In electro-chemistry, the place of en- 
^ tering,j>r positive pole ; opposed to cathode. 
AN'O-DyNE, n. Medicine to assuage pain and dis- 
pose to sleep. 
AN'O-DyNE, a. Mitigating pain. 
A-NOINT', v. t. To rub with oil or some unguent; 

to consecrate by unction. [crated. 

A-NOINT'ED, pp. or a. Rubbed with oil ; conse- 
A-NOINT'ED, n. The Messiah. 
A-NOINT'ER, n. One who anoints. 
A-NOINT'ING, n. An unction; a consecration. 
A-NOINT'MENT, n. The act of anointing ; the 

state of being anointed. [aly. 

A-NoM'A-LISM, n. A deviation from rule ; anom- 
A-NOM-A-LiST'I€, a. Irregular. 
A-N6MA-LOUS, a. Irregular ; out of rule. 
A-NoM'A-LOUS-LY, ad. Irregularly; unequally. 
A-NoMA-LY, n. Deviation from the common rule 

or analogy ; irregularity. 
A-N6N', ad. Soon; quickly; in a short time; ever 

and anon, now and then. 
A-NoN'Y-MOUS, a. Without a name ; nameless. 
A-N6N'Y-MOUS-LY, ad. Without a name. 
A-NoRM'AL. See Abnormal. 
A-NoTH'ER (a-nuth'er), a. Some other ; not the 

same ; one more. 
A-NoT'TA, n. A beautiful red color, obtained from 

the_pulp of the seed-vessel of a tropical tree. 
AN'Sa-TED, a. Having a handle. 
AN'SER-iNE, a. Pertaining to the goose kind. 
AN'SWER, (an'ser), v. iV To speak in reply ; to 

succeed; to witness for; to be accountable; to 

correspond. 
AN'SWER, v. t. To speak in return to a call or 

question ; to reply to ; to be equivalent to ; to 

comply with ; to act in return ; to bear a due pro- 
portion to ; to suit ; to solve. 
AN'SWER, n. The reply to some question, argu- 
ment, attack, &c. ; solution ; refutation. 
AN'SWER-A-BLE, a. That may be answered; 

suitable; accountable; like. 
AN'SWER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being 

answerable or correspondent. 
AN'SWER-A-BLY, ad. Suitably ; agreeably ; fitly. 
AN'SWER-ER, n. One who answers or replies. 
ANT (6), n. A small insect ; a pi mire. [a door. 
AN'TA, n. ; pi. an't^e. A pilaster ; the side-post of 
ANT-AC'ID (-as'id), n. That which remedies or 

prevents sourness. 
AN-TAG'0-NI$M, n. Opposition of action. 
AN-TAG'O-NIST, n. One who combats another. — 

Syn. Enemy ; adversary ; opponent ; foe. 
AN-TAG'O-NIST, la. Opposing; acting in op- 

vT ] ' 



AN-TAG-O-NiST'IO, 



position. 



A, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, bird; move, 



ANT 



21 



ANT 



AN-TAG'O-NIZE, v. i. To act in opposition ; to 

AN-TAL'gIC, a. Alleviating pain. [contend. 

AN-TAN-A-€La'SIS, n. A figure ^ which consists 
in repeating the same word in a different sense. 

ANT-APH-RO-Diri-A€,t a. Abating venereal 

ANT-APH-RO-DiT'IC, j desires. 

ANT-aRC'TIC, a. Opposite to the Arctic; relat- 
ing to the South Pole. [gout. 

ANT-AR-THRiT'IC, n. A remedy against the 

ANT'-BEAR, \ n. An animal that feeds upon 

ANT'-EAT-ER,f ants. 

AN'TE, in compound words signifies before. 

AN'TE-ACT, n. A preceding act. 

AN'TE-AL, a. Being before or in front. 

+ AN'TE BeL'LUM. [£.] Before the war. 

AN-TE-CE-Da'NE-OUS, a. Preceding in time. 

AN-TE-CeDE', v. t. To precede ; to go before in 
time. 

AN-TE-CeD'ENCE, n. The act or state of prece- 
ding in time ; precedence. 

AN-TE-CED'EN-CY, n. The quality of being an- 
tecedent. 

AN-TE-CeD'ENT, a. Going before in time.— 
Stn. Prior ; preceding ; foregoing ; previous. — 
Antecedent is specific, referring to something 
consequent: foregoing, preceding, and previous, 
are more general, being opposed to subsequent ; 
prior, like priority, implies a preference if there 
is competition, as a prior claim. 

AN-TE-CED'ENT, n. That which goes before; 
the first of two things related to each other. 

AN-TE-CED'ENT-LY, ad. Before in time; pre- 
viously, [leader. 

AN-TE-CeS'SOR, n. One who goes before; a 

AN'TE-CHaM-BER, n. A chamber leading to the 
chief apartment. 

AN'TE-CHAP-EL, n. The part of the chapel 
through which is the passage to the choir or the 
body of it. 

AN-TE-€uR'SOR, n. A forerunner. 

AN'TE-DaTE, v. t. To date before the true time. 

AN'TE-DaTE, n. A date before the true time. 

AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AL,? a. Existing before the 

AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AN,/" deluge; pertaining to 
the times before the deluge. [the flood. 

AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AN, n. One who lived before 

ANT'-EGGS, n. x>l- Young ants in little balls. 

AN'TE-LoPE, n. The gazel, a genus of animals 
between the goat and the deer. 

AN-TE-Lu'€AN, a. Before daylight. 

AN-TE-ME-RID'I-AN, a. Being before noon. 

ANT-E-MeT'I€, a. Restraining vomiting. 

AN-TE-MO-Sa'IC, a. Before the time of Moses. 

AN-TE-MuN'DaNE, a. Being before the creation 
of the world. [Nice, A.D. 325. 

AN-TE-Ni'CeNE, a. Anterior to the council of 

AN-TEN'NA, n. ; pi. An-ten'isle. The name of 
prominent organs attached to the heads of in- 
sects, called feelers. [marriage. 

AN-TE-NuP'TIAL (-nup'shal), a. Being before 

AN-TE-PAS'€HAL (-pas'kal), a. Being before 
Easter. 

AN'TE-PAST, n. A foretaste. [but two. 

AN-TE-PE-NuLT', n. The last syllable of a word 

AN-TE-PE-NuLT'I-MATE, a. Of the last syllable 
but two. [vulsions. 

ANT-EP-I-I,eP'TI€, a. Resisting epilepsy or con- 

AN-TE-PO-$i"TION (-zish'un), n. In grammar, 
the placing of a word before another. 

AN-Te'RI-OR, a. Before in time or place.— Syn. 
Previous; former; preceding. — Anterior is op- 
posed to, and implies posterior ; the others are 
opposed to subsequent. 

AN-TE-RI-oR'I-TY, n. Priority in time. 

AN'TE-ROOM, n. A room forming the passage to 
another. 

AN'THEM, n. A divine song; a devotional piece 

_ of music. [of the stamen. 

AN'THER, n. In botany, an organ on the summit 

AN'THER-AL, a. Pertaining to anthers. 



AN-THER-iF'ER-OUS, a. Producing anthers. 

ANT'-HiLL, n. A little hillock raised by ants. 

AN-THoL'O-GY, n. A collection of flowers, or of 
choice poems or tracte ; a discourse on flowers. 

AN'THO-NY'S FIRE (iui'to-uiz), n. The erysip- 
elas, [without flame. 

AN'THRA-CITE, n. A hard mineral coal burning 

AN-THRA-(JIT'I€, a. Pertaining to anthracite. 

AN-THRO-PO-Log'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to an- 
thropology. 

AN-THRO-P6I/0-6Y, n. The science of man. 

AN-THRO-PO-M6RPHTSM, n. The representa- 
tion of the Deity as having a human form or at- 
tributes. 

AN-THRO-PO-MoRPH'TTE, a. One who attrib- 
utes to the Deitv a human form. 

AN-THR0-P6PH'A-6T, n. pi. \_L.~] Man-eaters. 

AN-THRO-POPH'A-gY (-pof'a-jy), n. The feed- 
ing on human flesh. 

AN'TI, in compound words signifies against. 

AN-Tl-AC'ID. See Axtacid. [wild. 

AN'TI€, a. Odd; fanciful; fantastic; ludicrously 

AN'TI€, n. A buffoon or merry -andrew ; buffoon- 
ery; trick. [man of sin. 

AN'Ti-€HRiST, n. One who opposes Christ; the 

AN-Ti-€HRiS'TIAN (-krist'yan), n. An opposer 
of Christianity. 

AN-Ti-€HRiS'TIAN, a. Opposing Christianity. 

AN-TIC'I-PaTE, p. t. Literally, to take before- 
hand ; hence, to foresee or expect ; to go before 
or overreach ; to preoccupy, forestall, or foretaste. 
— Expect is stronger than anticipate. We may 
anticipate difficulties when Ave do not really ex- 
pect them. 

AN-TIC-I-Pa'TION, n. A taking before; fore- 
taste ; previous notion. 

AN-TiC'I-Pa-TOR, n. One who anticipates. 

AN-TiC'1-PA-TO-RY, a. Taking before time. 

AN-Ti-CLI'MAX, n. A sentence or expression in 
which the ideas grow weaker at the close ; the 
opposite of climax. 

AN-TI-€Li'NAL, n. The line from which strata 
dip in opposite directions, often called the anti- 
clinal axis. [posite directions. 

AN-TI-CLI'NAL, a. Marking inclination in op- 

AN'TIC-LY, ad. In an antic manner. 

AN-Ti-€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Opposed to the 
constitution. 

AN-Ti-CON-Ta'gIOUS (-ta'jus), a. Opposing con- 
tagion, [in a horse's throat. 

AN'Ti-€OR, n. Among farriers, an inflammation 

AN-Ti-€0?-MeT'I€, a. Injurious to beauty. 

AN-Ti-€oURT'IER (-kort'yur), n. One who op- 
poses the court. [evil. 

AN'Ti-Do-TAL, a. Efficacious against injury or 

AN'Ti-DoTE, n. That which tends to counteract 
poison or other evil. 

AN-Ti-E-PlS'€0-PAL, a. Adverse to episcopacy. 

AN-Tl-FE'BRILE or AN-Ti-FeB'RiLE, a. That 
has the quality of abating fever ; n. a medicine 
having a tendency to cure fever. 

AN-Ti-L6G'A-RITHM, n. The number corre- 
sponding to a logarithm. 

AN-TiI/O-gY, n. Contradiction between the 
words or passages of an author. 

AN-Ti-Ma'NI-AC, \a. Counteracting mad- 

AN-Ti-MA-Ni'AC-AL,i ness. 

AN-Ti-Ma'SON, n. One opposed to free-masonry. 

AN-Ti-Ma'SON-RY, n. Opposition to free-ma- 
sonry, [istry. 

AN-Ti-MIN-IS-TF/RI-AL, a. Opposed to the min- 

AN-Ti-MO-NaRCH'IC-AL, a. Opposed to mon- 
archy. 

AN-Ti-Mo'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to antimony. 

AN-Ti-Mo'NI-AL, n. A preparation of antimony. 

AN'Ti-MO-NY, n. A whitish brittle metal used in 
medicine and the arts; also, an ore of antimony. 

AN-Ti-NE-PHRIT'I€, a. For curing diseases of 
the kidneys. [works. 

AN-Ti-No'MI-AN, a. Against the law or good 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; KULE, BULL ; VICIOUS. — O 



s as z ; ch as su ; this. + Xot English. 



ANT 



22 



API 



AN-TI-No'MI-AN, n. One who holds good works 
to he not necessary to salvation. [mians. 

AN-Ti-No'MI-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of Antino- 

AN'Tl-NO-MY, n. A contradiction between two 
laws, or between two parts of the same law. 

AN-Ti-Pa'PAL, a. Opposing popery. 

AN-Ti-PA-PiST'I€, I a. Opposing the papacy 

AN-Ti-PA-PiST'IC-AL,j or popery. 

AN-Ti-PAR-A-LYT'I-e, a. Opposing palsy. 

AN-Ti-PA-THeT'IC, \ a. Having a natural 

AN-Ti-PA-THeT'I€-AL,j aversion. 

AN-TiP'A-THY, n. Natural aversion or opposi- 
tion ; repugnance. — Syn. Dislike ; contrariety ; 
disgustj distaste. 

AN-Ti-Pa-TRi-oT'IC, a. Not patriotic. 

AN-Ti-Pe-DO-BaP'TIST, n. One who is opposed 
to the baptism of infants. [fection. 

AN-Ti-PES-TI-LeN'TIAL, a. Counteracting in- 

AN-Tl-PHLO-GlS'TIC (-fio-jis'tik), a. Counter- 
acting a phlogistic or inflammatory tendency. 

AN-TIPH'O-NAL (-tif'-),? a. Pertaining to alter- 

AN-TI-PHoN'IC (-fon'-),j nate singing. 

AN-TiPH'O-NY (-tif'o-ny), n. Alternate singing; 
a chant composed for this purpose. 

AN-TiPH'RA-SIS, n. The use of words in a sense 
opposite to the true one. 

AN-Ti-PHRaS'TIC, T a. Involving or relating 

AN-Ti-PHRaS'TIC-AL,] to antiphrasis. 

AN-TIP'O-DAL, a. Pertaining to the antipodes ; 
diametrically opposed. 

AN'Tl-PoDE, n. ; pi. An-tip'o-de$. One living on 
the opposite side of the globe. 

aN'Ti-PoPE, n. One who usurps the popedom. 

aN'Ti-PoRT, n. An outer gate or door. 

AN-Ti-PRE-LaT'IC-AL, a. Adverse to prelacy. 

AN'Ti-PRIeST, n. An opposer or enemy of priests 
or priesthood. [for another. 

AN-TIP-To'SIS, n. In grammar, putting one case 

AN-Ti-PU-TReS'CENT, a. and n. Counteractive 
of putrescence. 

AN-Ti-QUa'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to antiquity. 
As a noun, this is used for antiquary. 

AN-Ti-QUa'RI-AN-ISM, n. Love of antiquity. 

AN'Ti-QUA-RY, n. One versed in antiquities. 

AN'Ti-QUaTE, v. t. To make obsolete, old, or 
void. 

aN'Ti-QUa-TED, pp. or a. Grown old, or out of 
fashion ; obsolete ; out of use. [antiquated. 

aN'TI-QUa-TED-NESS, n. The quality of being 

AN-TiQUE' (an-teek'), a. Ancient ; old-fashioned. 

AN-TiQUE', n. In general, any thing very old ; a 
remnant of antiquity ; relic. 

AN-Ti'QUE'NESS (-teek'-), n. The quality or ap- 
pearance of being antique. 

AN-TiQ'UI-TY (-tik'we-ty), n. Old times ; great 
age ; the people of old times ; plu. remains of an- 
cient times. [olution. 

AN-Ti-REV-O-Lu'TION-A-RY, a. Opposing rev- 

AN-TIS'CI-I (an-tish'e-T), n. pi. People dwelling 
on different sides of the equator, whose shadows 
at noon fall in_different directions. 

AN-Ti-S€OR-Bu'TI€, a. Counteracting scurvy. 

AN-TI-SCRiPT'uR-AL (-skript'yur-), a. Not in 
accordance with the sacred Scriptures. 

AN-Ti-SeP'TIC, a. Opposing putrefaction. 

AN-Ti-SLaV'ER-Y, n. Opposition to slavery. 

AN-Ti-So'CIAL, a. Hostile to society. 

AN-Ti-SPAS-M6D'I€, a. Opposing spasm. 

AN-Ti-SPaS'TI€, a. Causing a revulsion of hu- 
mors ; anti-spasmodic. 

AN-Ti-SPLE-NeT'I€, a. Counteracting diseases 
of the spleen. 

AN-TiS'TRO-PHE, n. A stanza alternating with 
the strophe. 

AN-TI-STRoPH'I€, a. Belonging or pertaining to 
the antistrophe. 

AN-TiTH'E-SIS, n. ; pi. An-tith'e-se$. A figure 
in which words, thoughts, or sentences are set in 
opposition or contrast ; hence, any thing directly 
opposed to another. 



Pertaining to antithe- 
s. 
i. Opposing the doc- 

n. Opposition to 



AN-Ti»THeTTC, T a. 
AN-Ti-THET'IC-AL,f £ 

AN-Ti-TRIN-I-TA'RI-AN, 
trine of the Trinity. 

AN-Ti-TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, 
the doctrine of the Trinity. 

aN'Ti-TvPE, n. That which is prefigured by the 
type ; thus the paschal lamb was a type of which 
Christ is the antitype. [explaining a type. 

AN-TI-T?PTC-AL, a. Relating to an antitype ; 

ANT'LER, n. A branch of an animal's horn. 

ANT'LER^D (ant'lerd), a. Furnished with horns. 

AN-TCB'Cl See Antecian. 

AN-TO-NO-Ma'SIA, n. [_Gr.-\ The use of a prop- 
er name for an appellative, as "a Cicero" for a 
great orator ; or conversely, the use of a name de- 
noting rank, office, &c, for him who holds it, as 
"his majesty" for the king. [mer their work. 

aN'VIL, n. An iron block on which smiths ham- 

ANX-i'E-TY (ang-zi'e-ty), n. Concern about some 
future or uncertain event. 

aNX'IOUS (G5) (ank'shus), a. Greatly solicitous. — 
Syn. Disturbed ; distressed ; disquieted ; uneasy. 

ANX'IOUS-LY, ad. With solicitude. 

ANX'IOUS-NESS, n. Great solicitude ; anxiety. 

A'NY (3n'ny), a. One, indefinitely ; whoever ; 
whatever ; either. [nia in Boeotia. 

A-o'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Muses, or to Ao- 

a'O-RIST, n. A tense in Greek, expressing inde- 

_ terminate time. 

A-oR'TA, n. The great artery from the heart. 

a-ORT'ALJ a. Pertaining to the aorta or great 

A-oRT'IC,] artery. 

A-PaCE_', ad. Quickly; hastily; speedily; fast. 

AP'A-Go-(*rE, n. In logic, a form of arguing from 
the falsity or absurdity of the opposite supposition. 

AP-A-Gog'IC-AL, a. Proving a thing by showing 
the absurdity of the contrary. 

A-PaRT', ad. Separately ; distinctly ; aside. 

A-PaRT'MENT, n. A room in a building or house. 

AP-A-THeT'IC, a. Void of feeling ; insensible. 

AP'A-THIST, n. One destitute of feeling. 

AP'A-THY, n. A want of passion or feeling. — Syn. 

_ Insensibility ; indifference ; unconcern. 

APE, n. A genus of animals closely resembling 

_man; a mimic; simpleton. 

APE, v. t. To imitate servilely ; to mimic. 

A-Pe'RI-ENT, a. Laxative ; mildly purgative. 

AP'ER-TuRE, n. An opening through some solid 
substance ; a hole. 

A-PET'AL-OUS^a. Having no petals. _ 

a'PEX, n. ; pJL. a'pex-es ; L. pi. ap'i-ces. An an- 
gular point or tip ; the top or summit. 

A-PH^ER'E-SIS (a-fcr'e-sis),? n. The taking of a 

A-PHeR'E-SIS (a-ftr'e-sis), f letter or syllable 
from the beginning of a word. 

A-PHeL'ION (-f eryun),"rc. ; pi. A-phe-li-a. The 

_ point in a planet's orbit most distant from the sun. 

a'PHIS, n. The vine-fretter or plant-louse. 

APH'O-RISM (af'o-rizm), n. A detached precept 
in few words. — Syn. Axiom ; maxim ; adage. — 
An axiom is a self-evident proposition of high 
importance ; a maxim expresses some great prac- 
tical truth ; an adage is a saying which has gain- 
ed credit by long use. 

APH'O-RIST (af'o-rist), n. A writer of aphorisms. 

APH-O-RiST'IC, \ a. Having the form of an 

APH-0-RiSTT€-AL,f aphorism. [orisms. 

APH-O-RiSTTC-AL-LY, ad. In the form of aph- 

aPH'THONG (af thong), n. A letter or combina- 
tion of letters having no sound. [as the rush. 

APH'YL-LOUS (af'il-lus), a. Destitute of leaves, 

a'PI-A-RIST, n. One who keeps an apiary. 

a'PI-A-RY, n. A place where bees are kept. 

AP'I-CA.L,_a. Pertaining to the apex. 

A-PiC'u-La-TED, a. Terminated by a short point. 

A-PIECE' (-peece'), ad. To each one's share ; for 
each. 

AP'ISH, a. Like an ape; servilely imitative. — 
Syn. Silly; foppish; affected. 



a, e, &c, long.—l, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; theee, teiim ; siaeinb, kied; move, 



API 



23 



APP 



AP'ISH-NESS, n. Mimicry; foolery; foppery. 

A-PLA-NaT'I€, a. A term applied to optical glass- 
es Which are so contrived as to prevent the aber- 
ration of the rays of light. 

A-POC A-LYPSE, n. Revelation ; the name of the 
last hook of the New Testament. 

A-PO€-A-L?P'TI€, a. Containing revelation; 
pertaining to the apocalypse. 

A-P6€'0-PaTE, v. t. To cut off or omit the last 
letter or syllable of a word. [syllable of a word. 

A-P0€'O-PE, n. The omission of the last letter or 

A-POC'RY-PHA, n. pi. Books not admitted as ca- 
nonical, [pha ; not canonical ; doubtful. 

A-PoC'RY-PHAL, a. Pertaining to the apocry- 

AP'oDE, n. An animal that has no feet. 

AP-O-DiC'TIC, \ a. Evident beyond contra- 

AP-0-Di€'TI€-AL,j diction. 

A-P6D'0-SIS, n. The dependent or completing 
clause of a sentence, as opposed to the protasis 
or preparatory clause. Thus, in the sentence, 
" Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him," the 
first clause is the protasis, and the second the 
apodosis. [distant from the earth. 

aP'O-gEE, n. The point in the moon's orbit most 

A-POL-O-geT'IC, a. Excusatory or defensive. 

A-POL-O-geT'ICS, n. pi. The science which treats 
of the defenses made of Christianity. 

A-PoL'O-GlST, n. One Avho makes an apology. 

A-PoL'O-GiZE, v. i. To make an apology. 

AP'0-LOGUE (ap'o-log), n. A fable. 

A-PoL'O-gY, n. An expression of regret for some 
impropriety or wrong-doing. Originally the word 
denoted defense or justification, especially among 
writers in behalf of Christianity. — Syn. We make 
an apology for something rude, unbecoming, &c. ; 
we offer an excuse for some failure or neglect of 
duty. 

aP'OPH-THECtM,? :~ , , h . jn. A short, sen- 

AP'O-THEGM, f (ap °- tnem >> \ tentious, in- 
structive remark. 

AP-O-PLeC'TIC, a. Pertaining to an apoplexy ; 
predisposed to apoplexy. 

AP'O-PLEX-Y, n. A disorder of the brain produ- 
cing sudden loss of sense and voluntary motion. 

A-Po'RI-A, n. In rhetoric, a doubting where to 
begin. 

A-PdS'TA-SY, n. A falling from one's faith or 
profession ; desertion of a party. 

A-PoS'TaTE, n. One that forsakes his religion 
or party. 

A-PoS'TaTE, a. Falling from his faith ; false. 

A-PoS'TA-TiZE, v. i. To abandon one's faith, 
party, church, or profession. [and fill with pus. 

A-P5S'TE-MaTE, v. i. To form into an abscess, 

AP'OS-TeME, n. An abscess; a sore filled with 
purulent matter. [cause. 

+A POS-TE-PJ-o'EI. [£.] From the effect to the 

A-PoS'TLE (a-pos'sl), n. A person sent; particu- 
larly, one of the twelve sent forth by Christ to 
preach his gospel ; one engaged in propagating 
any doctrine or belief. 

A-PoS'TLE-SHIP, n. The office of an apostle. 

A-PoS'TO-LATE, n. Mission ; apostleship. 

AP-OS-T6LTC, \ a. Pertaining to the apos- 

AP-OS-ToL'I€-AL,j ties; originating with or 
taught by the apostles; like an apostle. 

AP-OS-ToL'IC-AL-LY, ad. In the manner of the 
apostles. 

A-PoS'TRO-PHE, n. In rhetoric, a figure of 
speech by which an orator turns abruptly from 
his subject to address some absent person or 
thing, as if really present. Also, contraction of 
words by the omission of a letter or letters, desig- 
nated by a comma (' ). 

AP-0-STR6PH/IC, a. Pertaining to an apostrophe. 

A-PoS'TRO-PIIIZE, v. t. To address by an apos- 
trophe ; to contract a word by apostrophe. 

A-PoTH'E-CA-RY, n. A compounder or vender 
of drugs and medicines. [ing ; a maxim 

AP'O-THEGM (Sp'o-them), a. A remarkable say- 



AP-0-THEG-MATTC, U In the manner of 

AP-0-THEG-MAT'I€-AL,j an apothegm. 

AP-O-THe'O-SIS, n. A deification ; especially the 
placing of a person among the heathen deities. 

AP-O-THE-'O-SIZE, v. t. To exalt to the dignity 
of a deity. 

AP-PALL', v. t. Literally, to make pale with fear ; 
to smite Avith terror. — Syn. To dismay; daunt; 
terrify; scare; intimidate. 

AP-PALL'IXG, ppr. Striking with terror; a. 
adapted to depress courage. 

aP'PAN-AgE, n. Lands for the maintenance of a 
young prince ; hence, means of support for a de- 
pendent 

AP-PA-Ra'TUS, n. ; pi. Ap-pa-ea'tus-es. The in- 
struments or utensils necessary for carrying on 
any science, art, trade, &c. ; equipment. 

AP-PAR'EL, n. Covering for the body ; the equip- 
ments of a ship. — Stn. Clothing ; clothes ; dress ; 
raiment; vesture; vestment. — The first three 
words are those familiarly used ; apparel and the 
rest are more formal. 

AP-PaR'EL, v. t. To deck ; to dress ; to adorn. 

AP-PAR'ENT (4), a. Visible to the eye ; clearly 
perceptible ; seeming. Apparent time, see Tjaie. 
— Stn. Obvious; clear; plain; evident. — What 
is obvious (literally, lying in our way) is certain 
beyond doubt or dispute ; what is plain, clear, or 
evident, has ample proof or illustration. Appar- 
ent is sometimes used for clear, and ^sometimes 
for seeming, as, the difficulty was more apparent 
than real. 

AP-PAP/ENT-LY, ad. Visibly ; evidently ; in ap- 
pearance on\j. 

AP-PA-Ri"TION (-rish'un), n. In a general sense, 
an appearance or visible object; hence, a ghost 
or preternatural appearance. 

AP-PeAL', n. Removal of a cause from a lower 
to a higher court; reference to a witness; call 
or address in reference to something. 

AP-PeAL', v. i. or t. To remove from a lower to 
a higher court ; to call to witness ; to accuse. 

AP-PeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be appealed, or 
called to answer by appeal. 

AP-PeAR', v. i. To be in sight ; to seem ; to look. 

AP-PeAR'ANCE, n. A coming in sight; thing 
seen; external show or exhibition ; probability; 
being present in court. — Syn. Coming ; arrival ; 
mien ; aspect ; presence ; semblance. 

AP-PEAR'ING, n. A coming in Bight. 

AP-PeAS'A-BLE (-pe'za-bl), a. That may be ap- 
peased or quieted, calmed or pacified. 

AP-PEA$'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
appeasable. 

AP-PeASE' (ap-peze'), v. t. To make quiet. — 
Syn^ To pacify ; allay ; assuage ; compose ; calm. 

AP-PeAS'ER, n. One who pacifies. 

AP-PeASE'MENT, n. Act of appeasing ; state of 
being appeased. 

AP-PEL'LANT, n. A person who appeals. 

AP-PeL'LANT, a. Appealing. 

AP-PeL'LATE, a. Belonging to appeals. 

AP-PEL-La'TION, n. The name by which a per- 
son or thing is called. — Syn. Title; address. 

AP-PeL'LA-TiVE, a. Common to many ; general. 

AP-PeL'LA-TIVE, n. A common as distinguish- 
ed from a proper noun. 

AP-PeL'LA-TiVE-LY, ad. As an appellative. 

AP-PeL'LA-TO-RY, a. Containing an appeal. 

AP-PEL-LEE', n. The defendant in appeal. 

AP-PEL-LoR', n. The plaintiff in appeal. 

AP-PeND', v. t. To hang or join to ; to attach or 
add something as supplementary. 

AP-PeND'AgE, n. Something added as subordi- 
nate or incidental. 

AP-PeND'ANT, n. Any thing appended or con- 
nected as incidental. 

AP-PEND'ANT, a. Hanging to ; annexed. 

AP-PeND'EN-CY, n. The quality or circumstance 
of being appended. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; EULE, BULL ; Vl"ciOUB.- 



as z; oh as su; this. + Not English. 



APP 



2-1 



APR 



AP-PeND'IX, n. ; pi. Ap-pen'dix-es ; L. pi. Ap- 
pen'm-oes. An addition ; a supplement. 

AP-PER-TaIN', v. i. To belong, whether by na- 
ture, right, or appointment ; to relate. 

XP'PE-TENCE, \ n. Strong desire ; sensual ap- 

AP'PE-TEN-(JY,f petite; tendency to seek or 
select. [ity. 

AP-PE-TI-BiL'I-TY, n. Desirable state or qual- 

AP'PE-TI-BLE, a. Desirable; pleasing; engaging. 

AP'PE-TiTE, n. A desire of food or other sensu- 
al gratification ; eagerness; longing. 

AP-PE-TIZ'ER, n. Something which whets the 
appetite. 

AP'PE-TIZ-ING, a. Serving to whet the appetite. 

AP-PLA UD', v. t. or i. To praise highly ; to com- 
mend by clapping hands or other signs. — Syn. 
To extol ; cry up ; magnify. 

AP-PLAUD'ER, n. One who applauds. 

AP-PLAUSE, n. Loud public approbation ; praise 
by clapping or other signs ; commendation. 

AP'PLE (ap'pl), n. The fruit of the apple-tree ; 
the pupil of the eye. 

AP-PLl'ANCE, n. The act of applying, or the 
thing applied ; instrument or means. 

AP-PLI-€A-B1L'I-TY, \n. The quality of being 

AP'PLI-€A-BLE-NESS,J applicable. [ble. 

AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be applied ; suita- 

A.P'PLI-€A-BLY, ad. In such a manner that it 
may be applied. 

aP'PLI-€ANT, n. One who applies ; a petitioner. 

AP-PLI-€A'TION, n. Act of applying; the thing 
applied; fixed attention ; assiduity; request. 

AP'PLI-€A-TO-RY, n. That which applies. 

AP'PLI-€A-TO-RY, a. That includes the act of 
applying. 

AP-PLy', v. t. Literally, to bind to ; hence, to use 
or employ for a particular purpose ; to fix the 
mind ; to address or direct; to betake ; to make 
application. [course to. 

AP-PLy', v. i. To suit or to agree ; to have re- 

•frAP-POG-Gl-A-Tu'RA (ap-pod-je-a-tu'ra), n. [#.] 
A small note in music, between the other notes, 
directing an easy movement. 

AP-POINT', v. t. To fix upon ; to determine ; to 
settle ; to name and commission to an office. 

AP-POINT', v. i. To determine. 

AP-POINT-EE', n. A person appointed. 

AP-POINT'ER, n. One who appoints. 

AP-POINT'MENT, n. An order ; agreement ; des- 
ignation to office; equipment. — Syn. Command. 

AP-PoR'TION, v. t. To divide or part out ; to as- 
sign in due proportion. [or portions. 

AP-PoR'TION-MENT, n. A dividing into shares 

AP'PO-$iTE (ap'po-zit), a. Properly applied ; suit- 
able ; well adapted to. 

AP'PO-$iTE-LY, ad. Properly ; fitly ; suitably. 

AP'PO-SiTE-NESS, n. Fitness; suitableness. 

AP-PO-Si"TION (-zish'un), n. A putting to ; an 
addition ; the putting of a noun explanatory of 
another in the same case. 

AP-PRaIS'AL, n. A valuation by authority ; an 
appraisement. 

AP-PRaI$E', v. t. To estimate the value of, es- 
pecially the agency of persons appointed for this 
purpose. [Pronounced more commonly apprize, 
as originally spelt. The same is true of the de- 
rivatives.] 

AP-PRaI$'ER,m. One who values ; appropriately, 
a person appointed and sworn to fix the value of 
goods and estates. [uation. 

AP-PRAl$E'MENT,n. The act of appraising; val- 

AP-PRE'CIA-BLE (-pre'sha-bl), a. That may be 
estimated or appreciated. 

AP-PRe'CIaTE (-pre'shate), v. t. To value ; to es- 
timate duly. — Syn. To esteem ; estimate ; value. 
— We estimate things when we learn by calcula- 
tion their real amount, as profits, &c. ; we appre- 
ciate when we prize them according to their true 
value or worth, as a man's services; we esteem 
when we regard them with moral approbation. 



AP-PRe-CI-a'TION (-pre-she-a'shun), n. The act 
of valuing ; a just valuation or estimate. 

AP-PRe'CI-a-TiVE, a. Having or showing a just 
appreciation. [just appreciation. 

AP-PRe'CI-a-TiVE-LY (-pre'she-ii-), ad. With 

AP-PRE-HeND' v. t. To seize or lay hold of; to 
understand; to fear; to entertain suspicion of 
future evil. — Syn. To catch ; arrest ; conceive ; 
imagine; believe; fear; dread. 

AP-PRE-HeND', v. i. To be of opinion ; to believe. 

AP-PRE-HeND'ER, n. One who apprehends. 

AP-PRE-HeN'SI-BLE, a. That may be appre- 
hended. 

AP-PRE-HeN'SION (-hen'shun), n. The act of 
comprehending; conception; faculty of conceiv- 
ing; suspicion; fear. [ceptive; sensible. 

AP-PRE-HeN'SiVE, a, Fearful ; suspicious ; per- 

AP-PRE-HeN'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of be- 
ing apprehensive ; fearfulness. 

AP-PReN'TICE, n. One bound to another to learn 
a trade or art. [tice. 

AP-PReN'TiCE, v. t. To bind out as an appren- 

AP-PReN'TiCE-SHIP, n. The condition of an ap- 
prentice ; the time for which he serves. 

AP-PRISE', v. t. To inform ; to give notice to. — 
Syn. To acquaint ; make known ; communicate. 

AP-PRIS.E'D' (-prlzd), pp. Informed ; notified. 

AP-PRiZE', v. t. To set a value on by authority. 
See Appraise. 

AP-PRTZ'ER. See Appraiser. [mate. 

AP-PRoACH', v. i. To draw near; to approxi- 

AP-PRoACH', n. The act of drawing near; ac- 
cess; way of approach; works to cover an ap- 
proach, [ed. 

AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That may be approach- 

AP-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of be- 
ing approachable. [ed. 

AP-PRoACH'LESS, a. That can not be approach- 

AP-PRO-Ba'TION, n. The act of approving ; con- 
sent to a thing on the ground of its propriety ; ap- 
proval. — Syn. License; liking; attestation. 

AP'PRO-BA-TO-RYJ a. Approving ; containing 

aP'PRO-Ba-TIVE, f approbation. [ated. 

AP-PRo'PRI-A-BLE, a. That may be appropri- 

AP-PRo'PRI-aTE, v. t. To set apart for a partic- 
ular purpose, or for one's self; to assign. 

AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Belonging to peculiarly; 
most suitable or proper. — Syn. Fit ; adapted ; per- 
tinent; well-timed. [manner; properly. 

AP-PRo'PRI-ATE-LY, ad. In an appropriate 

AP-PRo'PRI-ATE-NESS, n. Suitableness ; fitness. 

AP-PRO-PRI-a'TION, n. The act of appropria- 
ting or setting apart for a purpose ; the thing ap- 
propriated. 

AP-PRo'PRI-a-TOR, n. One who appropriates; 
one who has an appropriated benefice. 

AP-PRoV'A-BLE (-proov'a-bl), a. Worthy of ap- 
probation. 

AP-PRoV'AL, n. Act of approving ; approbation. 

AP-PRoVE' (-proov'), v. t. To regard and treat as 
right or proper ; to like ; to prove ; to commend : 
to sanction. 

AP-PRoV'ER, n. One who approves. Inlaw, one 
who confesses a crime and brings out his accom- 
plices, [proach. 

AP-PR5X'I-MaTE, v. i. To come near ; to ap- 

AP-PRoXT-MaTE, v. t. To cause to approach. 

AP-PRoX'I-MATE, a. Near to. [ing near. 

AP-PROX-1-Ma'TION, n. An approach ; a com- 

AP-PRoX'I-MA-TiVE, a. That approaches. 

AP-PuLSE', n. The act of striking against; a 
touching, or very near approach. 

AP-PuL'SION (-pul'shun), n. A striking against 
by a moving body. [something else. 

AP-PuR'TEN-ANCE, n. That which appertains to 

AP-PuR'TEN-ANT, a. Belonging to by right. 

a'PRI-COT, n. A fine fruit allied to the plum. 

a'PRIL, n. The fourth month of the year. 

a'PRIL-FOOL, n. One imposed upon in sport on 
the first day of April. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, wuat ; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



APR 



25 



ARC 



a'PRON (a'purn), n. An outside garment worn as 
a cover in front ; a cover or protection. [apron. 

X'PRONED (u'purnd), ((. Wearing or having an 

A'PROX-MAN, n. A laboring man. 

AP'RO-PoS (ap'ro-po), ad, [i*V.] By the way ; sea- 
sonably ; to the purpose. 

AP'SIS, n. ; pi. ap'si-des or ap'ses. [GV.] The 
name of those two points in an elliptical orbit at the 
greatest and least distance from the central body ; 
the arched part of a church for the altar, &c. 

APT, a. Suited to the occasion, as an apt remark ; 
having a tendency to; prompt and ready. — Syn. 
Appropriate ; suitable ; qualified ; inclined ; dis- 
posed ; dextrous ; fitted. — One who is disp>osed or 
inclined to any thing is apt to do it. He who is 
apt at any employment is qualified or dextrous. 
An apt quotation is one which is appropriate, 
suitable, or fitted to the case. 

AP'TER-AL, a. A term applied to buildings which 
have no columns along the sides, but only in front. 

AP'TER-OUS, a. Destitute of wings. 

APT'I-TuDE, n. Fitness for some particular end 
or use. — Syn. Suitableness; preparation; tenden- 
cy; adaptation. 

APT'LY, ad. Properly; fitly; readily; wittily. 

APT'NESS, n. Fitness; readiness; tendency. 

AP'ToTE, n. A noun having no distinction of 
cases. 

A-Py'ROUS, a. Resisting fire ; incombustible. 

+a'QUA FoR'TIS, n. [I/.] Nitric acid. 

A'QUA MA-RiNE', n. A kind of emerald of a sea- 
_green color. 

+a'QUA Re'gI-A, n. [£.] A mixture of nitric and 
muriatic acid. 

A-QUa'RI-UM, n. A pond in a garden for rearing 
aquatic plants. 

+A-QUa'RI-US, n. [L.] _ The water-bearer, the 
eleventh sign in the zodiac. 

A-QUaT'IC, a. Living in water ; watery. 

*a'QUA TiNT'A, n. A method of etching on cop- 
per by means of aqua fortis. 

*a'QUA VI'TiE, n. [L.] Brandy. 

AQ'UE-DU€T (Ik'we-dukt), n. An artificial con- 
duit for water. 

a'QUE-OUS (a'kwe-us), a. Watery; consisting of 
water. Aqueous humor, a transparent fluid form- 

_ ing part of the eye. 

a'QUE-OUS-NE3S, n. A watery quality. 

a'QUT-FORM, a. In the form of water. 

AQ'UI-LINE (ak'we-lm or ak'we-llne), a. Like an 
eagle or its beak ; hooked. 

AR'AB, n. A native of Arabia. 

aR'A-BESQUE (ar'a-besk), a. Noting ornaments 
after the Arabian manner, often intricate and fan- 
tastic from the intermingling of foliage, fruits, 
&c, with other objects real or imaginary. 

AR^A-BIC^'f a ' Pertainin S t0 Ar abia. 

AR'A-BIC, n. The language of the Arabians. 

aR'A-BIST, n. One versed in Arabic literature. 

AR'A-BLE, a. Fit for tillage or plowing ; plowed. 

A-RA€H-N5L'0-GY, n. The natural histoiy of 
spiders and allied insects. 

XR'BI-TER, n. An umpire; one who controls. 

XR'BIT-RA-BLE, a, Arbitrary; determinable. 

XR-BiT'RA-MENT,n. Will ; determination ; award 
of arbitrators. 

XR'BI-TRA-RI-LY, ad. By Anil only ; absolutely. 

XR'BI-TRA-RY,a. Absolute; despotic; governed 
or dictated by will only. — Syn. Tyrannical ; im- 
perious; unlimited; capricious. — When a ruler 
has absolute, unlimited, or arbitrar" power, he is 
apt to be cajiricious, if not imperious, tyrannic- 
al, and despotic. 

XR'BI-TRaTE, v. i. or t. To hear and judge as an 
arbitrator ; to decide. 

XR-BI-TRa'TION, n. The reference of a contro- 
versy to persons chosen by the parties to decide it. 

XR'BI-TRa-TOR, n. A person chosen by contend- 
ing parties to decide between them ; an umpire. 



XR'BI-TRESS, n. A female arbiter. 
XR'BOR, n. A bower ; a seat shaded by trees ; a 
spindle or axis. 

XR'BOR-AL, \ a - Belonging to trees. 

XR-BO-ReS'CENCE, n. The resemblance of a tree. 

XR-BO-ReS'CENT, a. Resembling a tree ; becom- 
ing tree-like. 

XR'BO-RET, n. A small tree ; a shrub. 

XR-BOR-I-€lLT'uRE, n. The art of cultivating 
trees and shrubs. 

XR-B6R'I-FORM, a. Having the form of a tree. 

XR'BOR-IST^ n. A naturalist in or judge of trees. 

XR-BOR-I-Za'TION, n. A tree-like appearance in 
minerals. 

XR'BOR-TZE, v. t. To form tree-like appearances 
in a mineral. 

XR'BUS-CLE (ar'bus-sl), n. A dwarf tree. 

XR-BuS'CU-LAR, a. Resembling a shrub ; having 
the figure of small trees. 

XR-BuST'iVE, a. Covered with shrubs. 

XR-BuST'UM, n. A copse of shrubs or small trees. 

XR€, n. Part of a circle. 

XR-€aDE ', n. A continuous arch or series of 
arches ; a walk arched above ; a range of shops 
along_an arched passage. 

+XR-€'a'NUM, n. ; pi. ae-ca/na. [/>.] A secret. 

XRCH, a. Literally, bent or turned aside ; hence, 
roguish ; cunning ; waggish. Arch, in composi- 
tion (from Gr. chief), denotes principal, or of the 
first class, as archangel, arch -enemy, &c. 

XRCH, n. A curve line or part of a circle ; any 
work in that form, or covered by an arch. 

XRCH, v. t. or i. To form an arch. 

XR€H-JE-0-L6g'I€-AL (ark-),a. Relatingto arch- 
aeology, [seology. 

XR€H-^E-oL'0-6IST (ark-), n. One versed in arch- 

XR€H-yE-6L'0-6Y (ark-e-ol'o-jy), n. The science 
of antiquities ; a treatise on antiquities or an- 
cient usages, customs, &c. 

XR-CIIa'I€ (iirk-a'ik), a. Ancient; obsolete. 

XRCH'A-I$M (ark'a-izm), n. An ancient or obso- 
lete word or expression. 

XRCH-aN'gEL, n. An angel of the highest order. 

aRCH-AN-GET/IC, a. Belonging to archangels. 

aR(JH-A-P6S'TaTE, n. The chief apostate.' 

XRCH-BISH'OP, n. A chief bishop. 

XRCH-BiSirOP-RIC, n. The jurisdiction, place, 
or diocese of an archbishop. 

XRCH-DeA'CON (-do'kn), n. An ecclesiastical 
dignitary next in rank below a bishop. 

aRCH-DeA'€ON-RY, \ n. The office and juris- 

XRCH-DEA'CON-SHIP, j diction of an archdea- 
con. 

XRCH-Du'CAL, a. Pertaining to an archduke. 

XRCH-DuCH'ESS, n. A princess of the house of 
An stria. 

XRCH-DuCH'Y, n. The territory of an archduke 
or archduchess. 

XRCH-DuCH'Y, 1 n. The jurisdiction of an 

XRCH-DuKE'DOM,j archduke or archduchess. 

XRCH-DuKE', n. A grand duke; a chief prince; 
now. strictly, a son of an Emperor of Austria. 

XRCH/?D (iircht), pp. or a. Bent in the form of 
an arch ; vaulted. 

XRCH'ER, n. One who shoots with a bow. 

XRCH'ER-Y. n. The art of shooting with a bow. 

XRCH'E$-€5URT, n. In England, a court of ap- 
peal in the archbishopric of Canterbury. 

XRCH'E-TTP-AL, a. Belonging to the original 
model. 

XRCH'E-TTPE (ark'e-tfpe), n. The original; a 
model from which any thing is made. 

XRCH-FIEND', a. The chief of fiends. 

XRCH-i-DI-aC'O-NAL, a. Pertaining to an arch- 
deacon, [archbishop. 

XRCH-i-E-PTS'€0-PA-CY, n. The estate of an 

XRCH-i-E-PIS'CO-PAL (ark-), a. Belonging to an 
archbishop. 

XR'CHIL, n, A violet-red paste, used as a dye. 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bull; vi"cious. — € asK; <i as j; » as z; ch as sh; this. + JS'ot English. 



ARC 



26 



ARM 



XR-€HIM-E-De'AN, a. Pertaining to Archimedes. 
XR-€Hi-P£L'A-GO (iir-ke-), n. A sea crowded 

■with islands. 
XRCH'i-TECT (ark'e-tekt), n. One who plans 
and superintends the construction of a building ; 
hence, one who contrives or builds up. [tecture. 
XRGH-i-Te€T'iVE, a. Adapted to use in archi- 
aR€H-i-TE€T-6N'I€, \ a. Of or relating to 
AR€H-i-TE€T-6N'I€-AL,f an architect. 
XR€H-i-Te€T'RESS, n. A female architect. 
XRCH-i-TeCT'uR-AL (tirk-e-tekt'yur-al), a. Per- 
taining to architecture. 
XR€H'i-TEGT-uRE (ark'e-tekt-yur), n. The sci- 
ence or art of building; the thing built; work- 
manship. 
XRCH'i-TRXVE, n. That part of the entablature 

which lies immediately on the column. 
XRCH'lVES (iirk'ivz), n. pi. Records ; a reposi- 
tory for records. [ives. 
XRCH'i-VIST (ark'e-vist), n. The keeper of arch- 
XRCH'LY, ad. With sly humor ; shrewdly. 
XRCH'NESS, n. Sly humor; shrewdness; cunning. 
XRCH'ON (ark'on), n. A chief magistrate in an- 
cient Athens. 
XRCH-PRES'BY-TER, n. A chief presbyter. 
aRCH-PRIeST', n. A chief priest. 
XRCH'WaY, n. A passage under an arch. 
XRCO-GRAPH, n. An instrument for drawing 

arcs of circles without a central point. 
XRC-Ta'TION, n. A tightening; constipation 

from inliammation. 
XRC'TIC, a. Northern ; lying far north. Arctic 

circle, a lesser circle 23£° from the north pole. 
XR€'u-ATE, a. Bent like a bow. [vation. 

XRC-u-a'TION, n. A bending; convexity; incur- 
XR'DEN-CY, n. Ardor; eagerness; zeal; heat. 
XR'DENT, a. Hot or burning, as ardent spirits, 
ardent eyes; with warm emotion, as ardent feel- 
ings. — Syn. Fiery; fierce; eager; vehement. 
XR'DENT-LY, ad. With warmth; zealously; af- 
fectionately. 
XR'DOR, n. Heat; warmth; fervency; affection. 
XR'DU-OUS (iird'yu-us), a. Literally, very high, 
as a hill ; hence, difficult to accomplish, as a task, 
&c. — Syn. Difficult; hard. — A rduous is stronger 
than hard, and hard stronger than difficult. 
XR'DU-OUS-NESS, n. Great difficulty ; laborious- 

ness. 
ARE (ar). The plural of the substantive verb to 

be, but from an_obsolete root. 
a'RE-A, n. ; pi. a're-as. The superficial contents 
of any figure ; any inclosed space or open surface. 
AR-E-FaC'TION, n. The act of drying ; dryness. 
A-Re'NA, n. ; pi. A-re'nas. An open space of 
ground for combatants; hence, any place of com- 
bat; figuratively, any place of public contest or 
exertion. [pie, or round a pustule. 

A-Re'O-LA, n. The colored circle round the nip- 
AR-E-6P'A-giTE (-jite), n. A member of the Ar- 
eopagus. 
AR-E-oP'A-GUS, n. Literally, the Hill of Mars, 
a rocky eminence in Athens; hence the highest 
tribunal or court of the Athenians, which met on 
that hill. 
XR'GAL, n. Unrefined or crude tartar. 
XR'GAND LAMP, n. An improved lamp with a 
circular wick and glass chimney (named from its 
inventor). 
XR'gENT, a. Silvery; bright like silver. 
XR'GENT, n. The white color on a coat of arms, 

designed to represent silver or purity. 
XR'GENT-iF'ER-OUS, a. Containing silver. 
aR'gIL (ar'jil), n. Pure clay or alumine ; potter's 
clay. [the properties of clay. 

aR-gIL-La'CEOUS (-la'shus), a. Partaking of 
AR-GlL-LiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing clay. 
XR-GlL'LOUS, a. Clayey. 

XR'GO-NAUT, n. One of the persons who sailed 
with Jason for Colchis in search of the golden 
fleece. 



aR'GO-SY, n. A large trading vessel. 

XR'GuE (iir'gu), v. t. To treat or examine by rea- 
soning ; to establish by argument ; to evince. — 
Syn. To discuss; debate; dispute; prove. — To 
discuss, debate, or dispute, is the act of parties 
interchanging arguments between themselves. — 
To prove is the strongest term, implying decisive 
evidence ; to evince is next in strength, implying 
evidence sufficient to remove doubt ; argue is the 
weakest. [reason with. 

XR'GuE, v. i. To offer reasons for or against ; to 

XR'GU-ER, n. A disputer ; reasoner. 

aR'GU-MENT, n. Reason alleged to induce be- 
lief; debate; a plea; subject of discourse; a 
summary of contents. 

aR-GU-MENT-a'TION, n. Reasoning ; the proc- 
ess or act of reasoning. 

XR-GU-MeNT'A-TiVE, a. Containing argument ; 
addicted to argument. 

*aR-GU-MeN'TUM AD HoM'I-NEM. [I/.] An 
argument which derives its force from its person- 
al application to an antagonist. [eyes. 

XR'GUS, n. A fabulous being with a hundred 

a'RI-AN, n. A follower of Arius, wh<§ held that 
Christ was only a superangelic being; a. per- 
taining to Arianism. 

a'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrine of Arius. 

AR'ID, a. Dry; parched up with heat. 

A-RID'I-TY, X Drvness 

a'RI-eS, n. The ram, the first of the twelve signs 
of the zodiac._ [duly ; without mistake. 

A-RiGHT' (a-rlte'), ad. In due order; rightly; 

A-Ri$E', v. i.; Ipret. Arose ; pp. Arisen.] To rise ; 
to get up ; to mount up ; to appear ; to revive 
from death. 

AR-IS-T6CRA-CY, n. A government by nobles 
or the higher classes; the nobility or higher 
classes. [who favors aristocracy. 

AR'IS-TO-€RAT or A-RIS'TO-CRAT, n. One 

AR-IS-TO-CRaT'I€, \ a. Pertaining to or 

AR-IS-TO-€RAT'I€-AL,j partaking of aristoc- 
racy. 

AR-IS-TO-TE'LI-AN, n. A follower of Aristotle ; 
a. pertaining to Aristotle. 

A-RiTH'MET-IC, n. The science of numbers ; 
the art of computation. 

AR-ITH-MeT'IC-AL, a. According to arithmetic. 

AR-ITH-MeT'I€-AL-LY, ad. By means of arith- 
metic, [in arithmetic. 

A-RITH-ME-T!"CIAN (-tish'an), n. One skilled 

aRK, n. A small chest, as in the Jewish temple ; 
the vessel in which Noah was preserved ; in 
America, a kind of boat used to float produce 
upon rivers. 

XRM, n. A limb extending from the shoulder to 
the hand ; a large branch of a tree ; an inlet of 
the sea ; a branch of military force ; a fire-arm ; 
power or might, as the secular arm. 

XRM, v. t. or i. To furnish with or take up arms ; 
to fit up ; to fortify. 

XR-Ma'DA, n. A large fleet of ships of war. 

XR-MA-DiL'LO, n. A bony-shelled South Ameri- 
can quadruped. 

XRM'A-MENT, n. A land or naval force fitted out 
for war ;_ munitions of a man-of-war. 

XRM'A-TuRE, n. Armor ; defense ; of a magnet, 
a piece of iron to connect its poles. 

XRM'FGL, n. As much as the arms can hold. 

XR'MIL-LA-RY, a. Of or resembling a bracelet. 

XR-MIN'IAN (-yan), n. A follower of Arminius, 
who denied predestination and the kindred doc- 
trines ; a. belonging to Arminianism. 

XR-MiN'IAN-ISM, n. The tenets of Arminius. 

XRM'IS-TICE, n. A temporary cessation of arms; 
a truce. [let. 

XRM'LET, n. A small arm, as of the sea ; a brace- 

XRM'OR, n. Defensive arms for the body. 

XRM'OR-BEAR'ER, n. One who carries the arms 
of another. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



ARM 



27 



ART 



XBM'OR-ER, n. A person that makes or sells 
amis. 

XRM-o'RI-AL, a. Belonging to armor, or to the 
escutcheon of a family. 

XRM'O-RY, n. A repository of arms; armor; a 
manufactory of arms ; ensigns armorial. 

XRM'PIT, n. The hollow under the shoulder. 

ARMS, n. pi. Instruments for fighting, whether 
offensive or defensive ; war ; ensigns armorial. — 
Syn. Originally arms were for attack, weapons 
for defense. — Hence we say fire-arms, not fire- 
weapons, Because fire is not used for defense. At 
present the word weapon is applied to instruments 
of attack as well as defense. 

XR'MY, n. A large hody of armed men under 
military command ; great number. 

XR'XI-CA, n. A plant used in decoction and tinc- 
ture to allay pain. [plants ; sweet odor. 

+A-Ro'MA, n. [Gr.] The fragrant quality in 

AR-O-MAT'IC, a. Spicy; fragrant. 

AR-O-MAT'ICS, n. pi. Spices or perfumes. 

A-Ro'MA-TiZE, v. t. To impregnate with sweet 
odors or aroma. 

A-Ro$E', pret. of Aeise. [ous directions. 

A-ROUND', ad. In a circle on all sides ; in vari- 

A-ROUND', prep. About; encompassing. 

A-ROUSE', v. t. To awaken suddenly. — Syn. To 
excite; animate; rouse. 

XR'PENT (ar'pang), n. A French measure of 
land, a little less than the English acre. 

XR'QUE-BuSE, n. A hand-gun formerly used. 

XR-QUE-BUS-lER' (ar-kwe-bus-eerO, n. A soldier 
armed with an arquebuse. 

AR-RaCK', n. A kind of spirit obtained in the 
East Indies from rice or the cocoa-nut-tree, &c. 

AR-RaIGN' (ar.-rane'), v. t. To bring before a tri- 
bunal for some offense. — Syn. To accuse ; im- 
peach ; charge ; censure. [raigning. 

AR-RaIGN'MEXT (-rane'-), n. The act of ar- 

AR-RaNgE', v. t. To set in order; to put in 
place. — Syn. To adjust; dispose; place. 

AR-RaNgE'MENT, n. A putting in order; order- 
ly disposition; final settlement, classification of 
facts; as the Linnean arrangement of plants. 

aR'RANT, a. Very bad ; notorious. Spelt by Ben 
Jonson errant, i. e., icildly bad. 

AR'RAS, n. Tapestry ; hangings of tapestry, made 
first_at Arras in France. 

AR-RaY' (ar-ra'), n. Order, as of men for battle ; 
retinue ; dress ; the impaneling of a j my, or the 
jury_impaneled. 

AR-R aY' (ar-ra'), v. t. To put in order ; to provide 
with dress; to impanel. — Syn. To dispose; draw 
out^ arrange; envelop. 

AR-RkAR', n. sing.\ That which is behind in pay- 

AR-ReAR$', n. pi. f ment. 

AR-ReAR'AgF, n. The part of a debt unpaid. 

AR-REP-Ti"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Snatched away ; 
crept in privily. 

AR-ReST', v. t. To hold or restrain from mov- 
ing; to detain; to seize by warrant. — Syn. To 
check; stop; apprehend. — To arrest, like seize, 
denotes a forcible and usually a sudden act, by 
which we check, stoj), or detain. When we ar- 
rest a criminal, we seize and detain him; when 
we apprehend, we lay hold of, for the same pur- 
pose. 

AR-ReST', n. A seizure by process of law ; stop ; 
hinderance; a staying, as of a judgment. 

AR-RIeRE' (ar-reer'), n. The last body of an 
army, now called rear. 

AR-RiS'IO^ (-rizh'un), n. Act of smiling. 

AR-Ri V'AL : n. The act of coming to a place ; the 
things arriving. 

AR-RIVE', v. i. To reach a place; to come. 

aR'RO-GAXCE, n. Undue assumption of import- 
ance. — Syn. Haughtiness ; lordliness. — Arro- 
gance disgusts by its assumption, haughtiness 
and lordliness by their contemptuous claims to 
superiority. 



aR'RO-GANT, a. Assuming undue importance; 
haughtv. — Syn. Lordly; insolent; insulting. 

AR'RO-GANT-LY, ad. Haughtily ; very proudly. 

aR'RO-GaTE, v. t. To claim unduly ; to assume. 

AR-RO-Ga'TIOX, n. The act of assuming un- 

^ justly. [bow. 

AR'RoW, n. A pointed weapon to be shot from a 

AR'RoW-ROOT, n. A tropical plant, and the 
starch which it yields, being highly nutritious. 

AR'Ro\V-Y, a. Consisting of or having arrows ; 
like an arrow. 

XR'SE-NAL, n. A repository for arms; a maga- 
zine ; a manufactory of arms. 

XR'SEN-I€, n. A metal or an oxyd of a metal, 
a virulent poison. 

aR-SeN'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to arsenic, [senic 

aR-Se'NI-OUS, a. Composed of or containing ar- 

XR'SIS, n. In prosody, that part of a foot on which 
the stress of the voice falls. 

XR'SON, n. The malicious burning of another 
person's residence or dwelling. 

XRT, the second person of the substantive verb. 

XRT, n. The disposition or modification of things 
by human skill, as opposed to nature ; a system 
of rules serving to facilitate the performance of 
certain actions as opposed to science, as the art 
of building ; skill, dexterity, or the power of per- 
forming certain actions ; arts are divided into the 
useful or mechanical, and the liberal or polite; 
artifice ; duplicity. 

XR-TE-MiS'IA, n. A genus of bitter plants, in- 
cluding wormwood, &c. 

XR-Te'RI-AL, a. Belonging to or like an artery. 

XR-TE-RI-AL-I-Za'TIOX, n. The process of arte- 
rializing. [ities of arterial blood. 

XR-Te'RI-AL-iZE, v. t To communicate the qual- 

XR'TE-RY, n. A vessel conveying blood from the 
heart to all parts of the body. 

XR-Te'SIAN (-ts'zhan), a. Artesian wells are 
made by boring into the earth till a subterranean 
fountain is reached, so called from Artois, in 
France, where they are extensively used. 

XRT'FUL, a. Practicing art or stratagem ; spring- 
ing from art or craft; performed with art. — Syn. 
Cunning; crafty; dextrous. 

XRT'FUL-LY, ad. With art; cunningly; dex- 
trousiy; skillfully. 

XRT'FUL-NESS, n. Art; cunning; dexterity. 

XR-THRiT'IC, a. Pertaining to the joints, or the 

XR'TI-CHoKE, n. A garden vegetable. [gout. 

aR'TI-CLE (ar'te-kl), n. A term ; condition ; part 
of a discourse ; a clause or item ; a distinct por- 
tion of a magazine, review, &c. ; a distinct but 
undefined thing; a part of speech. 

XR'TI-CLE (ar'te-kl), v. t. To bind by articles ; 
V. i. to_agree by articles ; to stipulate. 

XR-TI€'u-LAR, a. Of or belonging to joints. 

aR-TI€-u-La'TA, n. pi. Animals with a jointed 
covering, but no internal skeleton, such as in- 
sects, \y_orms, crabs. 

XR-TiCu-LaTE, v. i. To speak with distinctness ; 
to jointj v. t. to utter with distinctness. 

XR-TiC'u-LATE, a. Having joints. 

XR-TiC'u-LATE-LY, ad. Distinctly ; clearly. 

XR-TIC-U-La'TIOX, n. Connection by joints ; a 
joint ; forming of sounds by the organs of speech. 
— Syn. A distinct articulation ; a correct pronun- 
ciation. 

XR'TI-FiCE, n. Artful contrivance; device. — 
Syn. Stratagem ; finesse ; deception ; cheat ; fraud. 

XR-TiF'I-CER, n. A skillful workman in some 
art; one who constructs and contrives. 

XR-TI-Fi"CIAL (-fish'al), a. Made by art; ficti- 
tious; not natural; cultivated. 

XR-TI-Fi"CIAL-LY, ad. By art ; not naturally. 

XR-TI-Fi"CIAL-NESS,? n. The quality of being 

XR-TI-Fi"CIAL'I-TY, f artificial 

XR-TIL'LE-KIST, n. One skilled in gunnery. 

XR-TiL'LE-RY, n. Weapons for war, chiefly can- 
non, mortars, and their appendages ; the men who 



dove, wolf, book ; lifjLE, bull ; vi"cior;s. — « as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; this. + Aot English. 



ART 



28 



ASS 



manage them; science of artillery; an arm of 
military service. [al art ; a handicraftsman. 

XRT'I-SAN, n. A person skilled in any mechanic- 

aRT'IST, n. A person who professes and prac- 
tices one of the fine arts. 

aR-TIST'IC, a. Belonging to or becoming an art- 
ist; conformed to art. 

XRT'LESS, a. Without art ; simple ; honest. 

aRT'LESS-LY, ad. Without art; naturally. 

aRT'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being artless. 

A-RUN-IHN-a'CEOUS (-nfi'shus), a. Pertaining 
to the reed or cane. 

AR-UN-DIN'E-OUS, a. Abounding in reeds. 

AS (az), ad. Like; even ; in like manner. 

AS, n. A Roman weight of twelve ounces ; a coin. 

AS-A-FeT'I-DA, i n. A fetid inspissated sap from 

AS-A-F(ET'I-DA, j the East Indies, used in med- 
icine, [bestus. 

AS-BES'TI-FORM, a. Having the structure of as- 

AS-BeS'TiNE, a. Pertaining to asbestus. 

AS-BeS'TUS,V n. A mineral which is fibrous, 

AS-BeS'TOS,j whitish, or greenish, and incom- 
bustible. 

AS-CeND', v. i. To move upward; to rise; to re- 
cur back in time; v. t. to go upward upon, as 

AS-C£ND'A-BLE, a. That may be ascended. 

AS-CeND'ANT, a. Superior; predominant. 

AS-CeND'ANT, n. Superior influence ; an ances- 
tor; height; elevation. — To be in the ascendant, 
to have commanding power or influence ; lord of 
the ascendant, one who has such power or influ- 
ence, [rluence. — Syn. Authority; sway; control. 

AS-CeND'EN-CY, n. Superior or controlling in- 

AS-CeN'SION (as-sSn'shun), n. The act of ascend- 
ing or rising. 

AS-CeN'SION-DaY, n. The day on which our 
Savior's ascension is commemorated, commonly 
called Holy Thursday. 

AS-CeNT', n. The act of rising; a mounting up- 
ward; an eminence; rise; rising of a hill; acclivity. 

AS-CER-TaIN', v. t. To make certain; to gain 
certain knowledge. [ed. 

AS-CER-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be ascertain- 

AS-CER-TaIN'MENT, n. A making or gaining 
certainty. [self-denial in religious tilings. 

AS-CfiT'ie, n. One who practices undue rigor or 

AS-CeTTG, a. Unduly rigid or self-denying in re- 
ligions things. 

AS-CeT'I-CISM, n. The practice of ascetics. 

AS-ClT'I€, X a. Tending to dropsy of the ab- 

AS-CiT'IC-AL,j domen. [ascribed. 

AS-€RiB'A-BLE, a. That may be attributed or 

AS-CRlBE', v. i. To attribute to, as a cause or 
quality ; to impute ; to assign. [ascribed. 

AS-€RiP'TION, n. The act of ascribing ; the thing 

a-SeX'u-AL, a. Destitute of sex. [of the ash-tree. 

ASH, n. The name of a well-known tree ; the wood 

A-SHaM^D', a. Covered with shame ; abashed. 

ASH'-CoL-OR^D (-kul-lurd), a. Of a color be- 
tween brown and gray. 

aSH'EN, a. Made or formed of ash-wood. 

ASH'ER-Y, n. A place for ashes; a place where 
pot-ash is made. [Am.'] 

aSH'ES, n. pi. The remains of what is burnt ; the 
remains of a dead body. 

ASH'LAR,? n. Free-stones as they come from the 

ASH'LER,] quarry; hewn stones for the facing 
of walls. 

ASH'LER-ING, n. The setting of ashlar facing ; 
partition timbers in garrets reaching from floor to 
rafters. 

A-SHoRE', ad. At or on shore ; on the land. 

ASH-WEDNES'DAY (-wenz'dy), n. The first day 
of Lent. 

ASH'Y, a. Ash-colored ; like ashes. [apart. 

A-SIDE', ad. On one side ; out of the right way; 

AS'I-NiNE, a. Belonging to or resembling an ass ; 
stupid. 

ASK (6), v. t. or i. To seek with a view to obtain ; 



to set a price on ; to inquire. — Syn. To request ; 
solicit ; petition ; beg ; entreat ; claim ; demand ; 
require ; interrogate. 

AS-KANCE'J ad. Obliquely; sideways; toward 

AS-KaNT', j one comer of the eye. 

ASK'ER, n. An inquirer; water-newt; eft 

A- SKEW' (a-skii'), ad. Sideways; contemptuous- 
ly; askant. 

A-SLANT', ad. In a slanting manner ; obliquely. 

A-SLEEP', ad. At rest in sleep ; in a sleeping state. 

A-SLoPE', ad. With a slope or descent. [kills. 

ASP, n. A small venomous serpent, whose poison 

AS-PAR'A-GUS, n. A culinary plant cultivated in 
gardens. 

AS'PECT, n. Look or appearance; position for a 

^ view, as a house with a southern aspect. 

aS'PEN, n. A tree; the poplar, or a species of it. 

AS'PEN, a. Pertaining to the aspen. 

AS-PER-6iL'LUS, n. The brush with which holy 
water is sprinkled in Roman Catholic churches. 

AS-PeRT-TY, n. Originally, roughness of surface, 
taste, &c, but now harshness of spirit and lan- 
guage. — Syn. Acrimony; bitterness; roughness; 
tartness ; moroseness. 

AS-PeRSE' (13), v. t. Literally, to sprinkle or spot ; 
to attack with slander. — Syn. To calumniate ; slan- 
der; defame. — To slander and calumniate are to 
charge with a crime falsely and knowingly ; to as- 
perse is to cast blots upon the character of some 
one ; to defame is to assail reputation by false- 
hood. 

AS-PeRS'ER, n. One who asperses or vilifies. 

AS-PER'SION (as-per'shun), n. A sprinkling ; slan- 
der; calumny. 

AS-PHALT', Xn. A black bituminous substance 

AS-PHALT'UM,f first found on the Lake Asphal- 
tis. [ous. 

AS-PHaLT'IC, a. Pertaining to asphalt; bitumin- 

AS-PHf X'I-A,? n. A swooning or fainting; sus- 

AS-PHYX'Y, f pended animation. [ly. 

AS-PIR'ANT, n. One who aspires or seeks eager- 

AS-PIR'ANT, a. Aspiring. 

AS'Pi-RaTE, v. t. To pronounce with a full emis- 
sion of breath. 

aS'PI-RATE, n. A letter which is aspirated ; the 
mark o_f the rough breathing in Greek. 

AS-PI-Ra'TION, n. An ardent wish ; a breathing 
after ; the use of too much breath in speaking. 

AS-PIRE', v. i. To desire eagerly; to pant after; 
to aim at what is lofty or difficult. 

AS-PIR'ER, n. One who aspires or seeks earnestly. 

AS-PIR'ING, a. Having an ardent desire to rise; 
n. eager desire of elevation. 

A-SQUINT', ad. Toward one side ; squintingly. 

ASS (6), n. A beast of burden of the horse family ; 
a dolt ; a stupid person. 

AS-SA.-1- CET'I-DA. See Asafcetida. 

AS-SaIL', v. t. To leap or rush upon; to attack 
suddenly. — Syn. To assault; beset; fall upon. 

AS-SaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be attacked, or set 
upon, or invaded. 

AS-SaIL'ANT, n. One who attacks or assaults ; a. 
invading with violence ; assaulting. 

AS-SaIL'ER, n. One who assails. 

AS-SAS'SIN, n. One who kills or attempts to kill 
by treachery or secret assault. 

AS-SaS'SIN-aTE, v. t. To murder by secret as- 
sault or by sudden violence. 

AS-SAS-SIN-a'TION, n. The act of assassinating. 

AS-SA.ULT', n. Violent attack; storm of a fort; 
a blow or attempt to strike. — Syn. Onset ; on- 
slaught ; charge ; descent. 

AS-SA.ULT', v. t. To fall upon with violence or 
hostility; to invade; to attack; to assail. — Syn. 
Assault is the strongest term, being literally to 
leap upon; to attack is to commence an onset ; to 
invade is to enter upon forcibly or by arms ; to 
assail is nearly the same as assault. 

AS-SAULT'ER, n. One who assaults or storms. 

AS-SaY' (as-saO, V. t. To determine the amount of 



a, E, &c, long.— I, £, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; theee, tesm ; mae'ine, uiurj ; move, 



ASS 



29 



ASS 



a particular metal in an ore or metallic compound ; 
V. i. to attempt ; to try or endeavor. 

AS-SaY' (as-sti'), n. A trial, especially of the 
amount of metal in an ore or compound ; a trial 
of weights and measures. 

AS-SaY'ER, n. One who tries or examines metals. 

AS-SaY'ING, n. Same as Assay. 

AS-SeM'BLAgE, n. A collection; a number of 
things or individuals brought together ; state of 
being assembled. 

AS-SeM'BLE, v. t. To bring or call together ; to 
collect ; to convene ; v. i. to come or meet together. 

AS-SeM'BLY, n. A company assembled or met ; 
a legislature, or a branch of it ; convocation or 
council of ministers and ruling elders, as the Gen- 
eral Assembly of Scotland. — Syn. Assemblage ; 
company ; meeting ; collection ; group. 

AS-SeNT', v. i. To agree to as true or admissible. 

AS-SeNT',«. The act of agreeing to; concurrence. 
— Syn. Consent. — Assent is an act of the under- 
standing, consent of the will or feelings. We as- 
sent to a statement or a proposition ; we consent 
to a proposal. Assent, however, may apply to a 
case involving but little interest or feeling ; a lady 
may assent to a gentleman's opening the window, 
but she must consent to marry him. 

AS-SENT-a'TION, n. Assent by way of flattery 
or adulation. 

AS-SENT- a'TOR, n. A flatterer. 

AS-S£NT'ER, n. One who assents. 

AS-SeRT' (13), v. t. To declare positively ; to in- 
sist upon. — Syn. To maintain ; aver; affirm. — We 
assert against denial, as a right or claim; we 
maintain against opposition, as the ground we 
have taken ; we affirm with a great confidence or 
firmness ; we aver in a peremptory manner. 

AS-SeR'TION, n. The act of asserting ; affirma- 
tion ; positive declaration. 

AS-SeRT'IVE, a. Positive ; implying assertion. 

AS-SeRT'OR, n. Anaffirmer; a maintainer. 

AS-SeSS', v. t. To tax ; to value for the purpose 
of taxing ; to ascertain and fix ; to rate. 

AS-SeSS'A-BLE, a. That may be assessed. 

AS-SeSS'MENT, n. The act of assessing ; a valu- 
ation for the purpose of taxation ; a tax. 

AS-SeSS'OR, n. One appointed to apportion taxes ; 
an assistant. 

AS-SES-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to assessors. 

AS'SETS, n. pi. Property in possession or money 
due as opposed to liabilities. 

AS-SeV'ER, v. t. To affirm or declare positively. 

AS-S£V'ER-aTE, v. t. To affirm with solemnity ; 
to aver. [emn averment. 

AS-SEV-ER-a'TION, n. Positive affirmation ; sol- 

AS-SI-Du'I-TY, n. Constant or close application; 
persevering attention; continuous and untiring 
diligence. 

AS-SiD'u-OU3 (-sid'yu-us), a. Diligent; constant 
in application. — Syn. Unwearied ; sedulous ; per- 
severing; indefatigable. [tentively. 

AS-SiD'u-OUS-LY, ad. Diligently; closely; at- 

AS-SlGN' (-smeO, v. t. To appoint ; to transfer or 
make over to another; to specify; to designate; 
to fix. 

AS-SIGN' (-sineO, n. A person to whom property 
or an interest is transferred, specified, or assigned. 

AS-SIGN'A-BLE (-sln'a-bl), a. That may be trans- 

^ f erred. 

AS'SIG-NAT, ??. A species of paper money former- 
ly used in France. 

AS-SIG-Na'TION, n. An appointment to meet, 
used chiefly of love-meetings. 

AS-SIGN-EE' (as-si-ne'), n. One to whom some- 
thing is assigned. 

AS-SIGN'ER (as-sfn'er), ? n. One who makes a 

AS-SIGN-OR' (as-se-norO,) transfer to another. 

AS-SlGN'MENT (-sine'ment), n. Act of assigning ; 
the writing by which an interest is transferred ; 
in bankruptcy, the transfer of property to assign- 
ees for the benefit of creditors. 



AS-SIM'I-LaTE, v. t. To convert into a like sub- 
stance or nature ; to make similar or cause to re- 
semble ; v. i. to become similar ; to be converted 
into the substance of the body. 

AS-SIM-I-La'TION, n. The act of making simi- 
lar, or of converting into a like substance. 

AS-SlM'I-LA-TiVE, a. Having power of convert- 
ing to a likeness, or like substance. [aid. 

AS-SIST', v. t. To help; to succor; to relieve; to 

AS-SIST'ANCE, n. A contribution of aid or sup- 
port. — Syn. Help; succor; relief; furtherance. 

AS-SIST'AXT, n. One who assists ; a. helping. 

AS-SIZE', n. Literally, a sitting; an order or reg- 
ulation, particularly about the weight of bread, 
&c. Also, generally in the plural, assizes, the 
regular session of the higher courts in the several 
counties in England. City; to settle. 

AS-SlZE', v. t. To fix measures or rates by author- 

AS-SiZ'ER, n. One who assizes, or fixes weights, 
rates, &c, by authority. 

AS-SO-CIA-BiL'I-TY, \ n. The quality of being 

AS-So'CIA-BLE-NESS.f capable of association. 

AS-So'CIA-BLE, a. That may be joined; that 
may be affected by sympathy ; companionable. 

AS-So'CIaTE (as-so'shate), v. t. To join in com- 
pany ; to adopt (as a friend) on terms of equality ; 
v. i._to unite action or companionship. 

AS-So'CIATE, a. Joined in interest or purpose ; 
confederate. [taker. 

AS-So'CIATE, n. A companion ; partner ; par- 

AS-SO-CI-A'TION (-she-ii'shun), n. The act of as- 
sociating; union; confederacy; company of per- 
sons united for a particular purpose ; connection, 
as of ideas, so that one suggests another. 

AS-SO-CI-A'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to an asso- 
ciation, [sociation. 

AS-So'CIA-TiVE, a. Tending or pertaining to as- 

AS'SO-NANCE, n. Resemblance of sounds. 

AS-SORT', v. t. To range or distribute in classes ; 
to arrange; to furnish with an assortment. 

AS-S6RT'ED, pp. or a. Separated into sorts. 

AS-SoRT'MENT, n. Distribution into sorts; va- 
riety_; a number of things assorted. 

AS-SUagE' (-swiije'), v. t. To soften ; to bring 
down or reduce, as bodily or mental pain, or ex- 
cited emotion. — Syn. To pacify; relieve; ap- 
pease_; soothe; allay; mitigate; alleviate. 

AS-SUa&E'MENT, n. Abatement ; mitigation. 

AS-SUag'ER, n. He or that which mitigates or 
assuages. [ing; easing. 

AS-SUa'SiVE (-swa'siv), a. Mitigating; soften- 

AS'SUE-TuDE (as'swe-tude), n. Custom ; habitu- 
al use. 

AS-SOME', v. t. To take on one's self; to become 
liable for, as for debts; to take for granted, as 
certain truths; to seize unjustly; to arrogate; 
V. i L to be arrogant; to claim unduly. 

AS-SuM'ER, n. An assuming or arrogant person. 

AS-SuM'ING, a. Haughty; arrogant; n. pre- 
sumption, arrogance. 

AS-SuMP'SIT, n. [£.] In law, a promise, or an 
action on a promise. 

AS-SuMP'TION, n. The taking upon one's self; 
arrogance ; taking for granted ; the thing sup- 
posed ; a Roman Catholic festival in honor of the 
alleged miraculous ascent of the Virgin Mary to 
heaven. 

AS-SuMP'TiVE, a. That is or may be assumed. 

AS-SCR'ANCE (ash-shoor'ance), n. Act of assur- 
ing; confidence; feeling of certainty or sureness; 
want of modesty ; certain knowledge ; certainty ; 
security against loss, particularly of life ; positive 
declaration. 

AS-SCRE' (ash-shoor'), v. t. To make secure or 
confident; to tell positively; to pledge indem- 
nity for loss, as of life. — Syn. To assert ; declare ; 
avouch ; protest. 

AS-SCR'ED-LY, ad. Certainly; without doubt. 

AS-SuR'ED-NESS, n. State of being assured ; cer- 
tainty. 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bi:ll; vi'cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z; cu as sn; tuis. + Not English. 



ASS 



30 



ATT 



AS-SuR'ER, n. One that assures. 

AS'TER, n. A genus of plants with radiated com- 
pound flowers. 

AS'TER-ISK, n. The mark (*) in printing. 

A-STeRN', ad. In or toward the hinder part of a 
ship ; behind a ship ; backward. 

AS'TER-OID, n. A name given to the small plan- 
ets revolving between Mars and Jupiter. 

AS-TER-OID'AL, a. Resembling a star, or per- 
taining to the asteroids. 

AS-THeN"I€, a. Characterized by debility. 

ASTH'MA (ast'ma), n. A disorder of respiration, 
i commonly attended with cough and difficulty of 
breathing. 

ASTH-MaT'I€, a. Troubled with an asthma ; per- 
taining to asthma. 

AS-TON'ISH, v. t. To impress with sudden sur- 
prise, wonder, or passion ; to amaze; to confound. 

AS-ToN'ISHJSD (-ton'isht), pp. or a. Amazed; 
dumb with surprise or admiration. 

AS-ToN'ISII-ING, a. Very wonderful. [ner. 

AS-ToN'ISH-ING-LY, ad. In an astonishing man- 

AS-T6N'ISH-MENT, n. Strong emotion created 
by a sudden and extraordinary event. — Syn. 
Amazement; wonder; surprise; admiration. 

AS-TOUND', v. t. To strike dumb with surprise. 

AS-TOUND'ING-, a. Adapted to astound. 

A-STRAD'DLE, ad. With legs across, or open. 

AS'TRA-GAL, n. A little round molding which 
surrounds the top or bottom of a column or a can- 
non. 

AS'TRAL, a. Belonging to the stars ; starry. 

AS'TRAL-LaMP, n. An Argand lamp having the 
oil in a flattened ring surmounted by a hemi- 
sphere of ground glass. [wrong. 

A-STRaY', ad. Out of, or from the right way; 

A-STRlDE', ad. Across ; with legs apart. 

AS-TRiNgE', v. t. To draw together; to brace; 
to cause parts to come together ; to bind. 

AS-TRiNg'EN-CY, n. The power of contracting. 

AS-TRiNg'ENT, a. Binding; contracting; brac- 
ing ; opposed to laxative. 

AS-TRiNg'ENT, n. A medicine which, used in- 
ternally, _contracts and strengthens. 

aS'TRO-LaBE, n. An instrument formerly used 
for taking the altitude of the sun or stars at sea. 

AS-TRoL'O-gER, n. One who pretends to foretell 
events by the aspects of the stars. 

AS-TRO-Log'K!, t a. Pertaining to astrolo- 

AS-TRO-LoG'I€-AL,j gy. 

AS-TRoL'O-GY, n. The science of predicting 
events by the aspects or situation of the stars. 

AS-TRoN'O-MER, n. One versed in astronomy. 

AS-TRO-N6M'I€-AL, a. Belonging to astronomy. 

AS-TRO-NoM'IC-AL-LY, ad. In the manner of 
astronomy. 

AS-TRoN'O-MY, n. The science that teaches the 
knowledge of the heavenly bodies. 

AS-TOTE', a. Noting a mixture of penetration 
and cunning. — Syn. Shrewd; discerning; eagle- 
eyed; sagacious. 

AS-TuTE'NESS, n. Shrewdness ; cunning. 

A-SuN'DER, ad. Apart; separately; into two parts. 

A-Sy'LUM, n. Anciently, a sanctuary or refuge 
for criminals; a place or institution for the ben- 
efit of the destitute or unfortunate, as an orphan 
asylum. 

AS'YMP-ToTE, n. [(?>*.] A line which approach- 
es a curve, but, however extended, never meets it. 

*A-S?N'DE-TON, n. [O.] In rhetoric, a figure 
which omits the connective, as veni, vidi, vici (I 

j came, saw, conquered). 

AT, prep. Denoting nearness or presence ; in ; by ; 
near by; toward ; in the state of: with. 

ATA-BAL, n. A kettle-drum ; a tabor. 

aT'A-GHAN, n. A long Turkish dagger. 

ATE, pret._oi Eat. 

ATH-A-Na'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Athanasius, 

_ bishop of Alexandria, or his doctrines. 

a'THE-ISM, n. A disbelief in the being of a God. 



a'THE-IST, n. One who denies or disbelieves the 

_ existence of a Supreme Being. 

a-THE-iST'1€, I a. Pertaining to atheism ; 

A-THE-iST'I€-AL,f denying a God ; impious. 

A-THE-xST'IC-AL-LY, ad. In an atheistical man- 
ner. 

ATH-E-Ne'UM, n In ancient Athens, a place 
where philosophers and poets declaimed and re- 
peated their compositions. In the United States, 
a public reading-room ; a place of literary resort. 

A-THE'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Athens, in Greece. 

A-THiRST' (IT), a. Thirsty ; having a keen de- 
sire. 

ATH-LeTE', n. A contender for victory in wrest- 
ling or other games. 

ATH-L£T'I€, a. Strong of body ; robust ; belong- 
ing to exercises of strength, as wrestling, &c. 

A-TH WART', ad. and prep. Across ; through. 

A-TiLT', ad. Raised forward as if to thrust; 
raised as ji cask tilted. 

AT-LAN-Te'AN, a. Pertaining to or resembling 
Atlas, who was represented as bearing the world 
on his shoulders. 

AT-LaN'TeS (-lan'tez), n. pi. Figures instead of 
columns to support an entablature. 

AT-LaN'TI-DeS, n. pi. A name given to the 
pleiades or seven stars. 

AT'LAS, n. A collection of maps ; a large folio 
for plates; a large kind of drawing-paper; a 
sort of rich_silk. 

AT'MOS-PHERE, n. The mass of aeriform fluid 
surrounding the earth ; an atmosphere as a me- 
dium of pressure is fifteen pounds to a square 
inch ; Jiquratively, pervading influences. 

AT-MOS-PHeR'IO, \ a. Relating to the at- 

AT-M0S-PIlEll'I€-AL,f mosphere. 

aT'OLL, n. A coral island with a central lagoon. 

AT'OM, n. A minute or indivisible particle of 
matter ; any thing extremely small. 

A-T6M'I€-AL } a ' Eelatin S to atoms. 
AT'OM-ISM, n. The doctrine of atoms. 
AT'OM-IST, n. One who holds to the atomical 

philosophy. 
A-ToNE', v. i. To expiate by sacrifices; to make 

satisfaction by some equivalent. [reparation. 
A-ToNE'MENT, n. Satisfaction by an equivalent ; 
A-ToN'ER, n. One who makes an atonement. 
A-ToN'ie, a. Debilitated; wanting tone. 
A-ToP', ad. At or on the top ; above. 

i?:RiK?ousj a - Black ' like ink; ink ^- 

A-TRo'CIOUS (a-tro'shus), a. Extremely hein- 
ous ; very wicked. — Syn. Flagitious; flagrant. — 
Flagitious points to an act as grossly wicked or 
vile ; flagrant {literally, flaming) marks the vivid 
impression made upon us by some great crime ; 
atrocious represents it as spi'inging from a vio- 
lent and cruel spirit. If Lord Chatham, instead 
of saying," The atrocious crime of being a young 
man," had said flagrant, his irony would have 
lost all its point, in his celebrated reply to Sir 
Robert Walpole. [ly. 

A-TRo'CIOUS-LY, ad. Outrageously; enormous- 

A-TR5'CIOUS-NESSa n. Extreme heinousness; 

A-TRoC'I-TY, j enormity, as of guilt. 

AT'RO-PHY, n. A wasting of the flesh from im- , 
perfect nutrition. 

AT-TaCH', v. t. To take or seize by legal process ; 
to seize or bind by interest, affection, &c. ; to 
unite ; to connect with. — Syn. To fasten ; affix ; 
gain, over; win. 

AT-TaCH'A-BLE, a. That may be legally taken 
by attachment. 

AT-TA-CHE' (at-ta-shii'), n. [Fr.] One attached to 
the suit of an embassador. 

AT-TACH'MENT, n. The act of attaching ; thing 
attached ; warm affection ; a legal process for tak- 
ing a person or goods ; a writ for this purpose. 

AT-TACK', v. t. To fall upon with violence ; to 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — oaee, fak, last, fall, what; theee, teem; marine, bird; move, 



ATT 



31 



AUD 



assail; assault; invade. — Stn. To attack is to 
commence the contest ; to assail {literally, spring 
at) is to attack suddenly; to assault {literally, 
leap upon) is to attack violently; to invade is 
to enter by force on what belongs to another. 

AT-TACK', n. A falling upon with force or vio- 
lence; an assailing with satire, criticism, &c. — 
Syn._ Assault ; onset ; inroad ; charge. 

AT-TaIN', v. i. To come to, or reach by efforts ; 
v. t. to gain ; to compass ; to reach or gain by 
successive efforts. — Syn. Obtain ; acquire. — To 
obtain is generic, viz., to get possession of; to 
attain, is to arrive at or reach something aimed 
at and thus obtained, as knowledge, or one's ob- 
ject; to acquire is to make one's own by progress- 
ive advances, as property or a language. 

AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be attained. 

AT-TAIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The being attainable. 

AT-TaLN'DER, n. The act of attainting in law. 

AT-TAJN'MENT, n. The act of attaining or reach- 
ing; a thing attained. 

AT-TAINT", v. t. Literally, to stain or corrupt; 
hence to adjudge guilty of a crime, by which 
one's blood is corrupted, so that his children are 
rendered base. 

AT-TaINT'. n. A stain; spot; reproach; hurt. 

AT-T.iIXT'MENT, n. The being attainted. 

AT-TkM'PEK, v. t. To reduce or qualify by mix- 
ture ; to soften ; to fit ; to regulate. 

AT-TEMPT', n. A trial ; an effort to gain some 
point ; endeavor ; exertion. — Syn. Trial is the ge- 
neric term ; attempt is specific, being directed to 
some definite object; an endeavor is a continued 
or repeated attempt; an effort and exertion is a 
straining of the faculties, the latter being the stron- 
ger term. 

AT-TEMPT', v. t. Literally, to strain after; hence 
to make efforts for doing or obtaining ; to attack ; 
to try by experiment. 

AT-TeND', v. t. To go with or accompany; to be 
present or be united to ; to be present for some 
duty, implying some charge or oversight; to be 
present at for business ; to await. 

AT-TEND', v. i. To give heed ; to regard with at- 
tention; to fix the attention upon, as an object of 
pursuit. — Syn. To listen; hearken. — We attend 
with a view to hear or learn ; we listen with a 
view to hear correctly or to consider. Hearken is 
to hear with interest, and. with reference to obey- 
ing. 

AT-TeND'ANCE, n. The act of waiting on or serv- 
ing ; a waiting on or being present ; the persons 
attending; duty; a train; attention; regard. 

AT-TEND'ANT, a. Accompanying. 

AT-TEND'ANT, n. One that attends, or waits on, 
or is present ; that which accompanies. 

AT-TeNT', a. Attentive. 

AT-TENT', n. Attention. 

AT-TeN'TION, n. Act of attending; act of civil- 
ity. — Syn. (Jare; heed; consideration; respect; 
regard; notice. 

AT-TeNT'iVE, a. Full of attention.— Syn. Heed- 
ful ; intent ; regardful ; mindful ; civil ; polite. 

AT-TeNT'iVE-LY, ad, Cheerfully; heedfully; 
diligently : closely. 

AT-TENT'iVE-NESS, n. The state of being at- 
tentive |_ attention ; carefulness. [thinning. 

AT-TeN'u-ANT, a. Making less viscid, or slender ; 

AT-TEN'u-ANT, n. That which makes less viscid, 
or thins. 

AT-TeN'u-aTE, v. t. To thin ; to make less viscid ; 
to lessen ; to diminish ; to make slender. [cid. 

AT-TfiiN'u-ATE, a. Made slender, thin, or less vis- 

AT-TEN-u-A'TION, n. A making thin or slender. 

AT-TeST', v. t. To bear or call to witness ; to af- 
firm ; to certify. [mony. 

AT-TEST- A'TION, n. Testimony; official testi- 

AT-TeST'ED, pp. or a. Proved or supported by 
solemn or official testimony. 

AT-TeST'OR, n. One who attests. 



AT'TIC, a. Pertaining to Attica, in Greece ; hav- 
ing a quality such as prevailed at Athens; deli- 
cate; pure; classical. Attic ioit, Attic salt, a. 

^ poignant, delicate wit. 

AT'TIc' STo'-RY ( n ' The u PP er stor y> or garret. 

AT'TI-CISM, n. Peculiar style or idiom of the 
Greek language used by the Athenians ; elegant 
Greek. [deck. 

AT-TlRE", v. t. To dress; to habit; to array; to 

AT-TiRE', n. Clothes; apparel; ornamental dress; 
horns of a buck. 

AT'TI-TuDE, n. A position of the body.— Syn. 
Posture. — An attitude, like a gesture, is suited, 
and usually designed to express, some mental 
state, as an attitude of wonder, &c. ; a posture is 
either not expressive, as a reclining posture, oris 
less dignified and artistic. 

AT-TOR'NEY (-tur'ny), n. ; pi. x\t-tor'neys. One 
who prepares cases for trial in court ; one duly au- 
thorized to act for another; power of attorn? y, a 
letter or document by which a person authorizes 
another to act in his stead. [fice of an attorney. 

AT-TOR'NEY-SHIP (at-tur'ny-ship), n. The of- 

AT-TRACT', v. t. To draw or cause to tend to- 
ward ; to draAv to, or cause to adhere or combine. 
— Syn. To allure ; to invite ; to engage. 

AT-TRACT-A-BiL'I-TY, n. Quality of being at- 
tractable. 

AT-TRACT'A-BLE, a. That may be attracted. 

AT-TRA€T'ILE, a. That can attract. 

AT-TRA€T'ING,^>r. Drawing; alluring; a. en- 
gaging ; adapted to allure. [.nev. 

AT-TRA€T'ING-LY, ad. In an attracting man- 

AT-TRAC'TION (-triik'shun), n. The power in 
bodies which is supposed to draw or keep them to- 
gether ; the attraction of gravity is that which ex- 
tends to sensible distances, such as the tendency 
of the planets to the sun. The attraction of co- 
hesion is that tendency which is manifested be- 
tween particles of matter at insensible distances ; 
act or power of drawing to or attiacting generally. 

AT-TRACT'iVE, a. Having the quality of attract- 
ing ; drawing by moral influences. — Sy-n. Allariug; 
enticing; inviting. [trading. 

AT-TRACT'iVE-LY, ad. With the power of at- 

AT-TRaCT'iVE-XESS, n. The quality of being 
attractive or engaging. [draws. 

AT-TRA€'T'OR, n. One who attracts; one who 

AT'TRA-HENT, n. That which attracts. 

AT-TRiB'u-Ta-BLE, a. That may be ascribed or 
attributed. 

AT-TEiB'OTE, v. t. To consider as belonging to ; 
to ascribe to, as an effect to a cause. — Syn. To im- 
pute; refer; charge. 

AT'TRI-BuTE, n. A thing that may be attributed ; 
inherent quality ; characteristic disposition ; prop- 
erty. 

The act of ascribing ; qual- 



AT-TRI-Bu'TION, n. 

ity ascribed. 
AT-TRiB'u-TiVE, a. 

that attributes. 
AT-TRiB'u-TiVE, n. 



Relating to an attribute; 

[ity. 

A word which denotes qual- 

AT-TRiTE', a. Worn by rubbing or f, iction. 

AT-TRl"TION (at-trish'un), n. The act of rub- 
bing ; state of being worn by friction ; abrasion ; 
sorrow for sin arising from dread of punishment. 

AT-TONE', v. t. To put in tune; to make music- 
al ; to make accordant. 

AU'BURN, a. Brown ; of a tan or dark color. 

A.UCTION, n. A public sale to the highest bid- 
der. The English say to sell by auction (auctione, 
by an increase of bids). 

AUC'TION-A-RY, a. Belonging to an auction. 

AUG-TION-EER', n. The manager of an auction. 

AU-e-TfON-EEE', v. t. To sell at auction. 

AU-Da'CIOUS, a. Daring; contemning restraint. 

AU-Da'CIOUS-LY, ad. Boldly; impudently. 

AU-Da'CIOUS-NESS, X n. Daring resolution, 

AU-DAC'I-TY (-dus'i-ty)J" usually in a bad 



dove, wolf, book ; rule, BULL ; vi"ciotjs. — e as k ; <i as j ; s as z ; cu as sn ; this. + Sot English. 



AUD 



32 



AUT 



sense; bold effrontery. — Syn. Hardihood; bold- 
ness; impudence. — Hardihood and boldness may 
be used either in a good or bad sense, the former 
indicating a disregard of consequences, the latter 
more of spirit and enterprise. Effrontery is stron- 
ger than impudence, and audacity than either, 
when used in a bad sense. 

AUD'I-BLE, a. That may be heard. [ble. 

AUD'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being audi- 

AUD'I-BLY, ad. In a manner to be heard. 

AUD'I-ENCE, n. The act of hearing ; admittance 
to a hearing ; an auditory or an assembly of hear- 
ers, [thority. 

AUD'IT, n. An examination of accounts under au- 

AUD'IT, v. t. To examine and adjust accounts by 
persons authorized. 

AUD'IT-OR, n. A hearer; a person authorized to 
examine and adjust accounts. 

AUD'IT-OR-SHIP, n. The office of auditor. 

AUD'IT-O-RY, n. An assembly of hearers. 

AUD'IT-O-RY, a. Able to hear ; pertaining to the 
sense of hearing. 

AUD'IT-RESS, n. A female hearer. 

AU-ge'AN, a. Belonging to Augeas or his stable ; 
hence filthy ; dirty. 

AUG'ER, n. A carpenter's tool to bore holes with. 

AUGHT (aut), n. Any thing. 

AUG-MENT', v. t. To increase; to make or be- 
come large ; v. i. to increase ; to grow larger, as a 
stream augments by rain. [of vowel quantity. 

AUG'MENT, n. Aninci'ease; a prefix or increase 

AUG-MENT-a'TION, n. The act or state of in- 
creasing ; enlargement. [augmenting. 

AUG-MeNT'A-TiVE, a. Having the quality of 

AU'GUR, n. Among the Romans, one whose office 
it was to foretell events by omens, such as those 
derived from birds, prodigies, &c. 

AU'GUR, v. i. or t. To judge by augury ; to prog- 
nosticate ; to foretell. 

AU'GU-RAL, a. Pertaining to augurs or augury. 

AU-GU-Ra'TION, n. The act or practice of au- 
gury or foretelling events. 

AU-Gu'RI-AL, a. Of or relating to augury. 

AU'GU-RY, n. Originally, divination by the flight, 
&c. , of birds ; prognostication by signs of any kind ; 
an omen. 

AU'GUST, n. The eighth month of the year, named 
from Augustus Caesar. 

AU-GuST', a. Inspiring reverence or awe. — Syn. 
Grand; imposing; majestic. 

AU-GuST'AN, a. Pertaining to Augustus. 

AU-GuS'TIN$, T n. pi. An order of monks, 

AU-GUST-IN'I-ANS,f so called from St. Augus- 
tin. 

AU-GuST'NESS, n. Dignity; majesty; grandeur. 

AU'LIC, a. Pertaining to a royal court. 

XUNT (ant), n. A father's or mother's sister. 

AU'RA, n; pi. Au'r.e. A gentle current of air; 
a stream of fine particles flowing from a body. 

AU'Ra-TED, a. Resembling gold. 

AU-Re'LI-A, n. The nymph or chrysalis of an in- 
sect, in form of a maggot. 

+AU-Re'0-LA, n. [!».] A circle of rays represent- 
ing glory, placed round the head of saints, &c, in 
paintings. [of the heart. 

AU'RI-G LE (au're-kl), n. The external ear ; a part 

AU-RlCu-LA, n. A beautiful species of primrose. 

AU-RIC'u-LAR, a. Of or spoken in the ear; pri- 
vate. 

AU-RrC'u-LATE, a. Shaped like an ear. [ears. 

AU-Ri€'u-La-TED, a. Having appendages like 

AU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. Containing gold. 

AU'RI-FORM, a. Ear-shaped. 

AU'RIST, n. One skilled in disorders of the ear. 

AU-Ro'RA, n. The dawning light ; the morning ; 
a species of crowfoot. 

AU-Rs/RA BO-RE-a'LIS, n. The northern lights. 

AU-Ro'RAL, a. Belonging to the aurora ; resem- 
bling the twilight. 

AUS-CUL-Ta'TION, n. The act of listening; es- 



pecially to the action of the lungs through the 
stethoscope. [show. 

AUS'PI-CaTE, v. t. To render auspicious; to fore- 

AUS'PiOE, n. 1 Omens ; patronage ; protec- 

AUS'PI-CBS, n. pl.f tion. 

AUS-Pi"CIOUS (aus-pish'us), a. Having omens of 
success or of happy results. — Syn. Prosperous; fa- 
vorable; lucky; propitious. 

AUS-Pr"CIOUS-LY (-pish'us-ly), ad. With favor- 
able tokens ; prosperously ; happily. 

A.US-TERE', a. Harsh to the taste; harsh and for- 
bidding in manner or life. — Syn. Severe; rigid; 
harshj, rough; stern. 

AUS-TeRE'LY, ad. Severelv; rigidly; sternly. 

AUS-TeRE'NESS,? n. Severity of manners or.liv- 

AUS-TER'I-TY, j" ing; strictness; roughness. 

AUS'TRAL, a. Of or tending to the south ; south- 
ern ; being in the south. 

AUS-TRAL-a'SIA, n. Countries lying southeast 
of Asiarincluding New Holland, New Zealand, &c. 

AUS-TRa'LI-A, n. The continent of New Holland. 

AU-THeN'TIC, a. Of approved authority ; to be 
relied on. — Syn. True; certain; faithful; credi- 
ble; reliable; genuine. — A distinction is now 
made between authentic and genuine, the former 
being opposed to false, and the latter to spuri- 
ous, as an authentic history, a genuine manu- 
script, [ibility. 

AU-THfiN'TIC-AL-LY, ad. With marks of cred- 

AU-THeN'TI€-AL-NESS,T n. Quality of being 

AU-THEN-TiC'I-TY, j authentic ; reliabil- 
ity; genuineness. 

AU-THeN'TI€-aTE, v. t. To establish by proof; 
to render authentic ; to establish as genuine. 

AU-THEN-TIC-l'TION, n. The act of authentic- 
ating; confirmation. 

AU'THOR, n. One who makes or causes; a be- 
ginner or first mover; a writer or composer of 
literary productions. 

AU'THOR-ESS, n. A female author or writer. 

AU-THOR'I-TA-TiVE, a. Having authority ; pos- 
itive, [positively. 

AU-THoR'I-TA-TlVE-LY, ad. With authority ; 

AU-THoR'I-TY, n. Legal or rightful power ; pow- 
er derived from office, character, connections, &c; 
weight of testimony, precedent, &c. ; govern- 
ment, or the body exercising power, the last 
chiefly in the plural. — Syn. Force ; rule ; sway ; 
command ; dominion ; control ; influence ; war- 
rant, [thority. 

AU-THOR-I-Za'TION, n. Establishment by au- 

AU'THOR-IZE, v. t. To give authority for; to 
justify. 

AU'THOR-SHIP, n. The state of being an author. 

AU-TO-BI-oG'RA-PHER, n. One who writes a 
life of himself. 

AU-TO-BI-O-GRaPH'PC-AL, a. Pertaining to, or 
containing autobiography. 

AU-TO-BI-oG'RA-PHY, n. A memoir or biogra- 
phy of a person written by himself. 

AU-T6CRA-CY, n. Supreme independent power ; 
self-rule. 

AU'TO-CRAT, n. An absolute sovereign. 

AU-TO-CRaT'IC, X a. Absolute; independent 

AU-TO-€RAT'I€-AL,i in power. 

AU'TO-DA-FE' (aw'to-da-faO, n. [£p.] The pun- 
ishment of a heretic by burning ; also the sen- 
tence then read. [an original manuscript. 

AU'TO-GRAPH, n. A person's own handwriting ; 

AU-TO-GRaPH'IC, a. Consisting in, or pertain- 
ing to one's own handwriting. 

AU-ToG'RA-PHY, n. A person's own writing; a 
process in lithography for transferring writing. 

AU-TO-MaT'IC, a. Belonging to an automaton ; 
self-moving ; acting involuntarily. 

AU-ToM'A-TON, n. ; pi. Automata, or Automa- 
tons. A machine moved by interior machinery 
which imitates the actions of men or animals ; 
any self-moving machine. 

AU'TOP-SY, n. Ocular demonstration. 



2, S, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fab, last, fall, what; there, teem; makine, bird; move, 



AUT 



33 



AWK 



AU'TUMN (au'tum), n. The third season of the 
year; fall. 

AU-TOM'NAL, a. Of or belonging to autumn. 

AUX-e'SIS, n. In rhetoric, a figure by which a 

" thing is magnified. [ing; n. a helper. 

AUX-IL'IAR (awg-zil'yar), a. Helping; assist- 

AUX-iL'IA-RIE$ (awg-zil'ya-riz), n. pi. Foreign 
troops in the service of nations at war. 

AUX-ILTA-RY, n. A helper; a verb helping to 
' form the moods and tenses of other verbs. 

A-VaTL', v. t. or i. To profit; to assist; to pro- 
mote. 

A-VaIL', n. Advantage; profit; use; effect. 

A-VaIL-A-BiL'1-TY, \n. The power of promot- 

A-VaIL'A-BLE-NESS,J ing the end in view. 

A-VaTL'A-BLE, a. Profitable; able to effect the 
object; having sufficient power. 

A-VaIL'A-BLY, ad. With success or effect. 

A-VaIL$', n. pi. Proceeds of property sold. 

AV-A-LaNCHE',? n. A snow-slip; vast body of 

AV-A-LaNgE', j" snow, ice, or earth sliding 
down a mountain. 

A-VXNT'-GUXRD, n. The van of an army. 

AV'A-RiCE, n. Excessive love of money or gain. 
— Syn. Cupidity; greediness; covetousness. 

AV-A-Ri"CIOUS (-rish'us), a. Greedy after wealth 
or gain. — Syn. Covetous ; parsimonious ; penu- 
rious; miserly; niggardly. — The covetous eagerly 
desire wealth, even at the expense of others ; the 
avaricious hoard it; the penurious, parsimoni- 
ous, and miserly save it by disgraceful self-deni- 
al ; and the niggardly, by meanness in their deal- 
ings with others. 

AV-A-Ri"CIOUS-LY, ad. Covetously ; greedily. 

AV-A-RI"CIOUS-NESS, n. Undue love of money. 

A- VAST', ex. Cease ; hold ; stop. 

AV-A-TaR', or A-VX'TAR, n. An incarnation of 
the deity among the Hindoos. 

A- VAUNT', ex. Get away ; begone. 

a-VE-Ma'RY, n. A prayer to the Virgin Mary be- 
ginning Ave Maria. 

AV-E-Na'CEOUS, a. Relating to oats. 

A-VeNgE', v. t. To take satisfaction for an inju- 
ry by punishing the injuring party. — Syn. Re- 
venge. — It may be right to avenge injuries, but 
never to indulge revenge, which is a spirit of 
malicious resentment. 

A-VeNg'ER, n. One who takes vengeance. 

A-VeNg'ING, ppr. or a. Punishing or pursuing 
with exemplary severity; n. exemplary punish- 
ment^ [a wide street or road. 

AV'E-NuE, n. An entrance to any place; way; 

A-VeR' (13), v. t. To declare positively ; to assert 
with confidence. — Syn. To affirm ; protest. 

aV'ER-AgE, n. A mean proportion; a medium; 
a proportional share of a general loss; a small 
duty payable to shipmasters on goods. 

AV'ER-AgE, v. t. To reduce to a mean ; to pro- 
portion ; v. i. to be or form a medial sum or quan- 
tity. 

A-VeR'MENT (13), n. Positive affirmation ; offer 
to justify ; establishment by evidence. 

A-VeRSE' (13), a. Literally, turned away ; hav- 
ing a fixed dislike — followed by to. — Syn. Disin- 
clined; backward; reluctant. — Averse is stronger 
than disinclined and backivard, but not so strong 
as reluctant (struggling against). 

A-VeRSE'LY, ad. Unwillingly; backwardly. 

A-VERSE'NESS,n. Unwillingness; backwardness. 

A-VeR'SION (13), n. Literally, a turning away 
from ; hence, a fixed dislike. — Syn. Disgust ; 
reluctance; repugnance; antipathy. — Aversion 
is not so strong as reluctance (Jit, struggling 
against) ; nor reluctance as repugnanceilit., fight- 
ing against). Disgust is a repugnance of feeling 
or taste ; antipathy is properly a constitutional 
disgust, though sometimes an acquired one. 

A- VeRT' (18), v. t. To turn aside or away ; to keep 
off. 

A-VeRT'ER, n. One who turns away. 



a'VI-A-RY, n. A place for keeping birds. 

A-ViD'1-TY, n. An intense desire; eagerness to 
obtain. — Syn. Greediness; hankering; longing. 

AV-O-C a'TION, n. A calling away ; business that 
calls off [sometimes improperly used for voca- 
tion], 

A-VOID', v. t. or i. To keep at a distance from ; 
in law, to make void.— Syn. To shun. — Avoid.is 
negative ; it is simply to keep away from. Shun 
is positive; it is to turn from. Prudence may 
induce us to avoid; fear or dislike lead us to 
shun. We avoid bad habits ; -\ve ought to shun 
vice. 

A-VOID'A-BLE, a. That may be avoided. 

A-VOID'ANCE, n. The act of avoiding. 

A-VOID'ER, n. One who avoids ; one who shuns. 

A-VOID'LESS, a. That can not be avoided. 

AV-OIR-DU-POIS' (av-ur-du-poiz'), n. or a. A 
weight for ordinary commodities, in which a 
pound contains 16 oz., or 7000 Troy grains. 

A- VOUCH', v. t. To declare positively. — Syn. To 
vouch ; to affirm ; to assert. 

A-VOUCH'ER, n. One who avouches or affirms. 

A-VOUCH'MENT, n. Act of avouching ; declara- 
tion, [own ; to acknowledge. 

A-VOW', v. t. To declare openly; to justify; to 

A-VOW'A-BLE, a. That is capable of being just- 
ified or openly acknowledged. 

A-VOW'AL, n. An open or frank declaration. 

A-VOWi?D' (-vowd'), a. Openly declared. 

A-VOW'ED-LY, ad. In an avowed manner; open- 
ly: with frank acknowledgment. 

A-VOW-EE', n. See Advowee. 

A-VOW'ER, n. One who avows. 

A-VOW'RY, n. In law, the act of a distrainer of 
goods, who avows and justifies the taking in his 
own right. 

A-VuL'SION (-vul'shun), n. A pulling one from 
another ; a tearing away. 

A-WaIT', v. t. To wait for; to be in store for. 

A-WaKE', a. Not sleeping; lively; heedful. 

A-WaKE', v. t. ; ipp. Awaked.] To rouse from 
sleep : to excite from a state resembling sleep, as 
from death, stupidity, or inaction; to put into 
action or new life. 

A-WaKE', v. i. To cease to sleep ; to revive or 
rouse from a state of inaction ; to be invigorated 
with new life. 

A-WaK'EN-ING, n. A rousing from sleep, or from 
heedlessness in spiritual concerns ; a. tending to 
awaken. 

A- WARD', v. t. To adjudge ; to assign by sen- 
tence ; v. i. to determine ; to make an award. 

A- WARD', n. A sentence; a determination; the 
decision of arbitrators in a given case. 

A-WARD'ER, n. One who assigns or judges. 

A- WARE' (4), a. Foreseeing; apprised before. 

A- WaY', ad. Absent ; at a distance ; ex. begone ; 
let us go; can not away with, can not bear; to 
make away with, to kill or destroy. 

AWE, n. Fear mingled with reverence. — Syn. 
Dread ; veneration. — Dread is strong personal 
fear; reverence is high respect slightly mingled 
with fear ; in awe, the fear predominates. Ven- 
eration is the highest reverence we can pay to hu- 
man beings. 

AWE, v. t. To strike with awe or fear. 

A-WEIGH' (-wii'), ad. In sea phrase, the anchor is 
aweigh when just drawn from its hold and hang- 
ing perpendicularly. 

AWE'-STRtiCK, a. Impressed with awe. 

AW'FUL, a. Striking awe ; full of awe ; terrible ; 
' hateful. 

AW'FUL-LY, ad. In an awful manner ; solemnly. 

AW'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of striking with 
awe or reverence ; solemnity. [time. 

A-WHTLE', ad. For some space of time ; a short 

AWK' WARD, a. Wanting m dexterity; ungrace- 
ful in manners ; unfortunate, as an awkward ac- 
cident. — Syn. Clumsy; uncouth. — One who is 



dove, wolf, book; bule, bull; vi"ciol t s. 



-o as k ; g as 
C 



s as z ; ch as sh ; mis. * Not English. 



AWK 



H 



BAD 



clumsy (from clump) is heavy, and, of course, un- 
graceful in every thing; one who id awkward 
wants grace of movement ; one who is uncouth 
(untaught) is so for want of training. 

AWK'WAltD-LY, ad. Clumsily ; ungracefully. 

AWK'WARD-NESS, n. Clumsiness; ungraceful- 
ness. 

AWL, n. A pointed instrument to pierce holes. 

AWN, n. The beard of corn or grass. 

AWN'ING, n. A covering from the sun. 

AWN'LESS, a. Without awn or beard. 

A-WoKE', pret. of Awake. 

A-WRy' (a-ry'), a. or ad. Twisted one side; un- 
evenly; uneven; aside; asquint. 

4 '„ > n. An iron tool for cutting and hewing. 

AX'I-AL, a. Pertaining to an axis. 

AX'I-AL-LY, ad. In the line of the axis. 

AX-iF'ER-OUS, a. Having simply an axis with- 
out leaves or appendages. 

AX'I-FORM, a. Having the shape of an axis. 

AX'IL-LA-RY, a. Belonging to the armpit. 

AX'I-OM, ii. A self-evident proposition or truth. 
— Syn. Maxim ; aphorism ; adage. — Axioms are 
the foundations of science ; maxims are guiding 
principles in our practical concerns. An aphorism 
is a detached sentence expressing a weighty senti- 
ment; an adage is a saying of long-established 
authority. [the nature of an axiom. 

AX-I-O-MAT'IC, a. Pertaining to an axiom; of 

AX'IS, n. ; pi. Ax'es. The line on which any thing 
revolves ; a central or medial line between corre- 
sponding parts. 

aX'LE (ak'sl), \n. A shaft on which carriage 

AX'LE-TREE, j wheels turn. 

XY or XYE, ad. Yes, used to affirm or assent. 

AYE, ad. Always ; ever ; again ; once more. 

AZ'I-MUTH, n. The arch of the horizon between 
the meridian of a place and any given vertical 
line. Magnetic azimuth, the azimuth from the 
magnetic meridian. 

aZ'I-MUTH-AL, a. Pertaining to the azimuth. 

A-ZoTE', n. The same as nitrogen gas. 

A-Z6T'IO, a. Pertaining to or consisting of azote. 

AZ'URE (uzh'ur or a'zhur), a. Blue or light blue ; 
sky-colored. 

AZ'URE, n. A fine light-blue color ; the sky. 

AZ'URiJD (azh'urd), a. Being of an azure color. 



B. 



T> the second letter and the first consonant in the 
•M? English alphabet. It is a mute and a labial. 

It has a slight vocality which marks the difference 

between it and the letter P, to which it is allied. 
BaA (bii), v. i. To cry like a sheep. 
Ba'AL, n. The name of an idol or god among the 

ancient Chaldeans and Syrians. 
BAB'BLE, v. i. To utter words imperfectly; to 

talk idly ; to tell secrets. 

B\B'BLINC t n ' I(ile taUi ' senseless P rat_ 

BAB'BLE-MENT,) tle " 

BAB'BLER, n. An idle or great talker ; a telltale. 
BAB'BLING, a. Talking idly ; uttering a succes- 
sion of indistinct sounds. 
BaBE, n. An infant child of either sex. 
Ba'BEL, n. [Heb.~] Confusion; disorder. 
BaB'ER-Y, n. Finery to please or amuse a child. 
BAB-OON', n. A large species of monkey, [age. 
Ba'BY, n. A child ; infant ; girl's doll ; little im- 
Ba'BY, a. Like a baby ; diminutive. 
Ba'BY, v. t. To treat like a baby. 
Ba'BY-HOOD, n. The state of being a baby. 
Ba'BY-HOUSE, n. A place for children's dolls. 
Ba'BY-ISH, a. Like a baby ; childish. 
BAB-Y-L(/NI-AN,| a. Pertaining to Babylon; 
BAB-Y-Lo'NISH, \- mixed; confused; disorder- 
BAB-Y-L6N'I€, ) ly. 



BAC-CA-LAU'EE-ATE, n. The degree of bache- 
lor of arts. [pearls. 

BACCA-TED, a. Having berries; beset with 

BAC'CHA-NAL, I a. Reveling in intemper- 

BAC-CHA-Na'LI-AN,) ance; noisy; pertaining 
to revelry. 

BAC'CHA-NAL, \ n. One who indulges in 

BAC-CHA-NA'LI-AN,j drunken revels. 

BAC'CHA-NALS, \n. pi. Feasts of drunken- 

BAC-CHA-Na'LI-A,j ness and revels. 

BACCHANT, > n. ; pi. Bac-chan'tes. Priests 

BACCHANTE,/" of Bacchus; revelers. 

BACCHIC, a. Relating to Bacchus ; jovial ; 
drunken. 

BACCHUS, n. The god of wine. [ties. 

BAC-CIF'ER-OUS (bak-sif'-), a. Producing ber- 

BAC-CiV'O-ROUS, a. Subsisting on berries. 

BACH'E-LOR, n. A man who has not been mar- 
ried ; one who takes his first degree in any pro- 
fession ; a low knight. 

BACH'E-LOR-SHIP, n. The state of a bachelor. 

BACK, n. The side of a thing opposite to the front 
or edge ; the dorsal part of an animal ; the hind- 
er part ; rear ; thick part. 

BACK, ad. Backward ; to or toward a former 
place, state, or time ; behind ; again. 

BACK, v. t. To mount ; to support ; to put back ; 
v. i. to move or go back, as a horse. 

BACK'BITE, v. t. [pret. Backbit ; pp. Backbit- 
ten.] To slander or speak evil of an absent per- 
son. 

BACK'BiT-ER, n. One who slanders secretly. 

BACK'BiT-ING, n. Reproach cast on one absent. 

BACK'BoNE, n. The bone in the back. 

BACK'ER, n. One who backs or supports another 
in an undertaking. 

BACK-GAM'MON, n. A game played by two per- 
sons with dice and pieces or men, on a board suit- 
ably marked. [rity. 

BACKGROUND, n. Ground in the rear; obscu- 

BACK'HAND-ED, a. With the hand turned back. 

BACK'HOUSE, n. A building behind a house ; a 
privy. 

BACK'ING, n. The supporting of another; the 
breaking of a colt to the saddle ; constructing the 
back of books in book-binding. 

BACK'ROOM, n. A room behind another. 

+BACK'SHEESH, n. A word of Persian origin for 
present or gratuity, much used in the East. 

BACK'SlDE, n. The hinder part of any thing. 

BACK-SLiDE', v. i. [p>ret. Backslid; pp. Back- 
slidden.] To fall off; to depart from ; to aposta- 
tize. 

BACK-SLID'ER, n. One who falls off or goes back 
from virtue and religion ; an apostate. 

BACK-SLID'ING, rc v A falling back, off, or away 
from religion into sin ; apostatizing. 

BACK'STAIRS, n. pi. Stairs in the back of a 
house ; figuratively, an indirect way. [masts. 

BACK' STAYS, n. pi. Ropes for supporting a ship's 

BACK'SWoRD, n. A sword with one edge. 

BACK'WARD, a. Unwilling ; dull ; slow ; slug- 
gish ; late. 

BACK'WARD, ad. With the back in advance ; to- 
ward the back ; to a worse state ; toward the past ; 
perversely; in a retrograde manner. 

BACK'WARD-LY, ad, Unwillingly ; slowly. 

BACK'WARD-NESS, n. A want of willingness ; 
sluggishness ; dullness in action ; tardiness. 

BACK-WOODS'MAN, n. In the United States, an 
inhabitant of the forests on the western frontier. 

Ba'CON (ba'kn), n. Hog's flesh cured with salt 
and dried usually in smoke ; to save one's bacon, 
to save one's self from harm. [losophy. 

BA-Co'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Bacon or his phi- 

BAD, a. ; com. Worse, sup. Worst. Ill ; not good ; 
wicked ; hurtful ; imperfect ; having any physic- 
al or moral fault or defect. 

BADE (bad), pret. of Bid. 

BADgE, n. A mark or token of distinction. 



&c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; tilkee, term; marine, bird; move, 



BAD 



35 



BAN 



BADg'ER, n. A quadruped -which burrows in the I 
ground, and is eagerly pursued by huntsmen, [ry. 

BaDg'ER, v. t. To pursue with eagerness ; to wor- 

♦B1D1N-SGB (bad'in-iizh), n. [i-Y.] Light or j 
playful discourse ; raillery. 

BAD'LY, ad. In a bad manner ; not well. [ties. 

BAD'XESS, n. A bad state ; want of good quali- 

BAF'FLE. v. t. To elude or defeat by artifice ; to 
make ineffectual. — Syn. To balk ; frustrate ; dis- 
appoint; confound. 

BAF'FLER, n. One who baffles. 

BAF'FLIXG, a. Shifting often; disappointing. 

BAG-, n. A sack ; pouch ; purse ; udder. 

BAG, v. t. To put into a bag ; to puff up. 

BAG, v. i. To swell like a full bag. 

+BAG-A-TELLE' (bag-a-tel'), n. [Fr.] A thing of 
no importance; a trifle; a game played with a 
ball and rod on a board with holes. 

BAG'GAgE, n. Etensils of an army ; clothing or 
luggage carried on a journey or voyage ; a worth- 
less woman. 

BAG'GIXG, n. Cloth or materials for bags. 

BAGX'IO (ban'yo),w. A bathing house ; a brothel. 

BAG'PIPE, n. A musical instrument, being a bag 
with pipes. 

BAG'PlP-ER, n. One who plays on a bagpipe. 

BaIL (bale), n. A surety for another ; release from 
custody on giving security for appearance on tri- 
al ; handle of a kettle. 

BaIL, v. t. To give bail or security for ; to admit 
to bail ; to release upon bail ; to deliver goods in 
charge ; to free from water. [baiL 

BaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be bailed; admitting 

BAIL'BOXD, n. A bond or obligation given by a 
prisoner and his surety. [in trust. 

BaIL-EE', n. One to whom goods are delivered 

BaIL'ERJ n. One who delivers goods in trust to 

BaIL'OR,{ another. 

BaIL'IE, n. A Scotch alderman. 

BaIL'IFF, n. An under-officer in England, ap- 
pointed by the sheriff to execute process; an un- 
der-steward of a manor. 

BaIL'I-WICK, n. The jurisdiction of a bailiff. 

BaIL'MEXT, n. A delivery of goods in trust. 

BaIL'PIECE, n. A paper containing a recogni- 
tion of bail. 

BAIRXV n. LScof] A child. {.Little used in En- 

BXRX, j glish.-] 

BaIT, v. t. To place or put on a bait ; to give re- 
freshment to a beast working or on a journey; 
to set dogs upon ; to harass. [flutter. 

BaIT, v. i. To take refreshment on a journey; to 

BaIT, n. A temptation ; food, or any thing placed 
as a lure to entice fish or other animals ; a small 
fish ; refreshment. 

BaIZE (baze), n. A coarse woolen stuff with a 
king nap. 

BaKE, v. t. To heat or harden by fire ; to cook food 
in a close place by heat ; to dry and harden by 
heat ; v. i. to be baked ; to do the work of baking. 

BaKET) (biikt). pp. or a. Hardened by heat. 

BaKE'HOUSE, n. A place for baking. 

BaK'ER, n. A person that bakes for a livelihood ; 
one who bakes. [ing. 

BaK'ER- Y, n. Trade of a baker ; place for bak- 

BaK'IXG. n. The quantity baked at once ; a dry- 
ing or hardening by heat. 

BAL'AXCE, n. A pair of scales for weighing ; part 
of a watch; the constellation Libra; difference 
of accounts; equipoise, or that which makes 
equal. 

BAL'AXCE, v. i. To be on a poise ; to hesitate. 

BAL'ANCE, v. t To make equal; to settle; to 
counterpoise. 

BAL'AXC-ER, n. One who uses a balance or bal- 
ances; member of an insect used in balancing. 

BAL'AXCE-SHEET, n. A paper exhibiting a 
summary and balance of accounts. [house. 

BAL'CO-NY, n. A gallery on the outside of a 

BALD, a. Without hair on the top and back part | 



of the head ; destitute of the natural covering ; 
bare ; plain ; inelegant. 

BAL'DA-CHIX, n. A canopy over an altar. 

BAL'DER-DASH, n. Mean discourse; ribaldry; 
rude jargon of words. 

BALD'LY, ad. Nakedly; meanly; inelegantly. 

BALD'XESS, n. A want of hair; plainness. 

BALD'PaTE. n. A pate without hair. 

B.JLD'RICK, n. A girdle; the zodiac. 

BaLE, n. A large bundle or roll of goods ; mise- 
ry; calamity. 

BaLE, v. t. To put into bales. 

BaLE'FiRE, n. A signal or alarm-fire. 

BaLE'FUL, a. Sorrowful; sad; full of mischief. 

BALE'Ft'L-LY. ad. Calamitously; sorrowfully. 

BaLE'FUL-NESS, n. Destructiveness. 

BA-LiS'TER, n. A cross-bow. 

BA-Li'ZE' (-leezO, n. A beacon ; name of a place 
at the mouth of the Mississippi. 

BALK (bauk), n. A rafter ; beam ; disappointment 
or failure ; a ridge of unplowed land. 

BALK (bauk;, v. t. To disappoint: to miss of; to 
refuse ; to heap, as in ridges. [balk. 

BALK, v. i. To frustrate expectation ; to make a 

BALL, n. Any round thing: a public dance; a 
dancing party. [song or light poem. 

BAL'LAD, n. A short narrative song; a trifling 

BAL'LAD-SIXG-ER, n. A person who sings bal- 
lads. 

BAL'LAST, n. Weight placed in the hold to steady 
a ship ; in ballast, without cargo ; also, materials 
filling the spaces between the rails on a rail-way. 

BAL'LAST, v. t. To load or furnish with ballast ; 
to keep steady in sailing. 

BAL'LET, 11. A theatrical dance; a representation 
by means of gestures, music, and dancing ; a kind 
of dramatic poem. 

BAL-LiS'TA, n. An engine used by the ancients 
for throwing stones, darts, &c, in war. 

BAL-LIS'TI€, a. Pertaining to the ballista. 

BAL-LiS'TI€ PeND'u-LUM, n. An instrument 
for measuring the force and velocity of projec- 
tiles. 

BAL-LOON', n. A spherical hollow body ; a ball ; 
a large hollow silken ball filled with gas so as to 
ascend into the atmosphere. [a balloon. 

BAL-LOONTST, n. One who makes or ascends in 

BAL'LOT, n. Originally, a little ball used in vot- 
ing ; a ticket or written vote; the act of voting 
by balls or tickets. 

BAL'LOT, v. i. To choose or vote by ballot 

BAL'LOT-BoX, n. A box for receiving ballots. 

BAL'LOT-IXG, n. The act of voting by ballot. 

BALM (bam), n. An odoriferous sap ; fragrant 
ointment ; that which heals; a plant. 

BALM (bam), v. t. To anoint with balm ; to soothe. 

BaLM'Y (bam'y), a. Of or like balm ; aromatic; 
producing balm ; sweet; fragrant; soft. 

BAL'XE-AL, a. Pertaining to a bath. 

BAL'SAM (bawl'sam), n. An aromatic substance 
that exudes from trees or plants ; that which. 
gives ease. 

BAL-SAM'I€ (bal-sam'ik),? a. Having the quali- 

BAL-SAM'I€-AL, f ties of balsam; heal- 

ing; mitigating; unctuous; soft. 

BAL-SAM'I€. n, A healing, softening medicine. 

BAL-SAM-iF'ER-OUS, a. Producing balsam. 

BAL'SA-MIXE, n. A genus of plants ; touch-me- 
not. 

BAL'TIC, n. A sea between Sweden and Jutland. 

BAL'US-TER. n. A rail ; a small pillar or column. 

BAL'US-TRaDE, n. A row or set of little pillars. 

BAM-BOO', n. A plant of the reed kind in India. 

BAM-BOO'ZLE, v. t. To trick [a low word]. 

BAX, n. A public notice ; curse ; censure ; inter- 
dict ; also the title of the lord lieutenant in 
Hungary. 

BAX, v. t. and i. To curse; to execrate. 

BA-Xa'XA, n. A species of the plantain tree and 
its fruit. 



dove, wolf, book; ecle, liULE ; vi"cious. — o as K ; g as j; s 



ch as bn ; this. + 2i'ot English. 



BAN 



BAR 



BAND, n. Any ligament or band that surrounds 
or fastens things together ; a bandage ; a low- 
broad architectural molding ; figuratively, any 
means of connection or restraint ; a company of 
persons ; a kind of neckcloth. 

BAND, v. t. To tie or join together; to unite in a 
troop or confederacy. 

BAND, v. i. To unite ; to associate. 

BAND'AgE, n. A fillet or strip of cloth or other 
material with which a wound or limb is bound ; 
any thing bound over another ; a fillet. 

BAN-DAN'A, In. A species of silk or cotton 

BAN-DAN'NA,j handkerchief. [bonnets, &c. 

BAND'BOX, n. A slight or thin kind of box for 

BAN'DIT, n. ; pi. Ban'dits or Bandit'ti. An out- 
law ; robber ; a highwayman. 

BAN'DLE, n. An Irish measure two feet long. 

BAND'LET, X n. A little band or flat molding 

BAND'E-LET,j around a column. 

BAN'DOG, n. A kind of large dog. 

BAN-DO-LEER', n. A leathern belt worn over the 
shoulder by ancient musketeers to sustain the 
cartridge-box ; the cartridge-box. 

BAN'DoRE, n. A kind of lute. 

BAND'RoL, n. A little flag or streamer. 

BAN'DY, n. A club for striking a ball. 

BAN'DY, v. t. To beat or toss about or to and fro ; 
to debate ; to exchange. [crook outward. 

BAN'DY-LEGGi'D (-tegd), a. Having legs that 

BaNE, n. Deadly poison ; mischief; ruin. 

BaNE'FUL, a. Hurtful; poisonous; ruinous. 

BaNE'FUL-LY, ad. Perniciously. 

BANE'FUL-NESS, n. A destructive nature or 
quality; perniciousness. 

BANG-, v. t. To beat ; to thump ; to treat roughly. 

BANG, v. i. To make a loud noise. 

BANG, n. A heavy blow ; a loud noise. 

BAN'IAN (ban'yan),? n. One belonging to the 

BAN'YAN, j* caste of merchants or 

agents in Hindostan; a loose gown worn by such 
persons ; a_tree in the East Indies. 

BAN'IAN-DaYS (ban'yan-daze), n. pi. Days when 
seamen eat no flesh. 

BAN'ISH, v. t. To drive or force away from a place 
or country. — Stn. To exile ; to expel. — A man is 
banished when forced to depart; exiled when sent 
from his own into a foreign country ; expelled 
when forcibly ejected, usually with disgrace. 

BAN'ISH-ER, n. One who banishes or drives away. 

BAN'ISH-MENT, n. An expulsion from one's own 
country by authority ; exile ; a voluntary aban- 
donment of one's country. [see. 

BAN'IS-TER, n. A corruption of Baluster, which 

BANK (66), n. A ridge of earth ; the earthy mar- 
gin of a stream or other water ; any steep earthy 
acclivity; a shoal; bench of rowers ; an institu- 
tion for receiving deposits, discounting notes, 
and issuing bills; a banking company, or their 
edifice. [bank. 

BANK, v. t. To raise a mound ; to inclose with a 

BANK, v. i. To deposit money in a bank. 

BANK'A-BLE, a. That may be discounted or re- 
ceived by a bank, as notes or bills. 

BaNK'-BILL, X n. A note or bill payable by a 

BANK'-NoTE,) bank. — Syn. In America, these 
words are confounded. In England, a bank-note 
is payable on demand, and forms part of the cur- 
rency ; a bank-bill is payable at some future speci- 
fied time, and is negotiable paper. [Obtained 
from a London banker.] [accounts are entered. 

BANK'-BOOK, n. A book in which a person's bank 

BANK'ER (66), n. One who deals in money or dis- 
counts notes ; one who keeps a bank. 

BANK'ING, a. Pertaining to a bank. 

BANK'ING, n. The business of a banker. 

BANK'RUPT, n. A trader who fails to make pay- 
ment when due, stops business, or does any act to 
defraud creditors ; an insolvent debtor. 

BANK'RUPT, a. Broke for debt; unable to pay; 
insolvent. 



BaNK'RUPT, v. t. To render unable to pay debts. 

BANK'RUPT-CY, n. The state of being a bank- 
rupt or insolvent ; inability to pay debts. 

BANK'RUPT-LAW, n. A law which discharges a 
bankrupt from the payment of his debts, [ment. 

BANK'-SToCK, n. Shares in a banking establish- 

BAN'NER, n. A flag: military standard ; streamer. 

BAN'NER2?D, a. Furnished with banners. 

BAN'NER-ET, n. A feudal rank between knight 
and baron earned by military valor. 

BAN'NER-oL. See Bandrol. [&c. 

BAN'NOCJK, n. A round cake of meal, as barley, 

BANNS. See Bans. [entertainment. 

BAN'QUET (bank'wet), n, A sumptuous feast ; an 

BAN'QUET (66), v. t. To treat with feasts ; v. i. to 
feast sumptuously. [feasts. 

BaN'QUET-ER, n. A feaster ; one who makes 

BAN'QUET-ING, n. A feast ; rich entertainment ; 
a. used for banquets. 

+BAN-QUETTE' (ban-kSf), n. [i<¥.] A raised way 
behind a parapet from which musketeers fire ; a 
raised footway along the side of a bridge. 

BANS, n. pi. Bans of 'matrimony, notice of inten- 
tion of marriage. 

BAN'SHEE, n. An imaginary being among the 
Irish that wains of danger. See Benshie. 

BAN'TAM, n. A species of small fowls with feath- 
ered shanks. 

BAN'TER, v. t. To run upon; to rally.— Syn. We 
banter in good humor, turning the laugh on a per- 
son for something he has done ; we rally when we 
attack with ridicule or raillery, which is always 
more pungent, and may be ill-natured. 

BAN'TER, n. Raillery; satire; joke; pleasantry. 

BAN'TER-ER, n. One who banters. 

BANT'LING, n. A very young child ; an infant. 

BAN'YAN, n. The Indian fig-tree. 

BAP'TISM, n. The application of water to the 
body, an ordinance by which a person is initiated 
into Christ's visible Church. 

BAP-TiS'MAL, a. Pertaining to baptism. 

BAP'TIST, n. One who rejects infant baptism and 
holds to immersion as the only mode of adminis- 
tering this rite. 

BAP'TIST-ER-Y, n. A place for baptism ; a font. 

B4.P TiST'I-F 1 

BAP-TIS'TIC-AL \ °" ^r^™ 11 ? to baptism. 

BAP-TIZE', v. t. To administer the sacrament of 
baptism to ; to christen. 

BAP-TiZ£T>', a. Flaving received baptism. 

BAP-TlZ'ER, n. One that administers baptism. 

BAR, n. A long piece of any substance ; bolt ; stop ; 
cross-beam for security ; an obstruction ; inclosure 
in an inn or court-room ; division in music ; bank 
of earth or sand in a river or harbor ; body of law- 
yers ; an exception in pleading. 

BAR, v. t. To fasten with a bar ; to secure ; to hin- 
der ; to shut out. 

BARB, n. Beard ; a sort of pubescence in plants ; 
the points that stand backward in an arrow, spear, 
or fishing-hook ; a Barbaiy horse. 

BARB, v. t. To furnish with barbs, as an arrow ; to 
put armor on a hoi'se. 

BAR'BA-CAN, n. An outward fortification. 

BaR-Ba'RI-AN, n. A man uncivilized or brutal. 

B AR-Ba'RI-AN, a. Savage ; cruel ; wild ; uncivil- 
ized. 

BAR-BAR'IC, a. Foreign ; outlandish ; rude. 

BAR'BA-RISM, n. Savageness ; want of culture ; 
a foreign or uncouth term not established in a lan- 
guage. — Syn. A solecism is a violation of syntax 
or of the necessary laws of thought. 

BAR-BAR'I-TY, n. A savage state ; cruelty ; in- 
humanity ; impurity of language. 

BAR'BAR-IZE, v. t. To make or render barbarous ; 
v. i. to commit a barbarism. 

BAR'BAR-OUS, a. In a condition of barbarism ; 
cruel; rude; uncivilized; having a foreign or im- 
pure idiom. 

BAR'BAR-OUS-LY, ad. Cruelly; inhumanly. 



I, e, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short.— case, fak, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



BAB 



37 



BAS 



BaR'BAR-OUS-NESS, n. Cruelty; barbarism. 

bII'bItED,} a - Bearded ; ^l?^s; ringeut. 

BaR'BE-CuE, n. An animal roasted whole ; lience, 
a large social entertainment in the open air. 

BaR'BE-CuE, v. t. To dress and roast whole, as a 
hog or other animal. 

BARBiiT) (barbd), a. Jagged with hooks or points ; 
bearded ; furnished with armor. 

BaRB'EL, n. The name of a large, coarse fish; 
fleshy knots in a horse's mouth. [hair. 

BaRB'ER, n. One that shaves beards or dresses 

BaR'BER-RY, n. A prickly shrub and its berry. 

BaR'BI-€AN, n. A watch-tower or place of outer 
defense ; an opening to fire through. 

BaRD, n. An ancient British poet; a wandering 
minstrel ; a poet ; the trappings of a horse. 

BaRD'ED, a. In heraldry, caparisoned. 

BXRD'IC, a. Pertaining to bards. 

BARE (4), a. Without covering; without clothing 
or adjuncts of any kind. — Syn. Naked; uncover- 
ed ; plain; simple; poor; lean; mere. 

BARE, v. t. To make bare or naked ; to strip. 

BARE'BoNE, n. A very lean person. 

BaRE'FaCED (bare'faste), a. With the face un- 
covered ; undisguised ; shameless. [openly. 

BARE'FaOET>-LY, ad. Shamefully; impudently; 

BaRE'FaOHD-NESS, n. Impudence; boldness; 
effrontery. 

BARE'FOOT, a. Without shoes or stockings. 

BaRE'HeAD-ED, a. With the head uncovered. 

BARE'LY, ad. Merely; only; nakedly; openly. 

BaRE'NESS, n. Nakedness; leanness; poverty. 

BXR'GAIN (bar'gin), n. An agreement concerning 
a sale or exchange ; a gainful trade ; a stipulation. 
— Syn. Contract; engagement; covenant. 

BaR'GAIN, v. t. To sell or convey by a contract ; 
v. i. to agree ; to stipulate. 

BXR-GAIN-EE', n. One who accepts a bargain or 
is to receive the thing sold. [agrees to sell. 

BXR'GAIN-ER, n. One who proposes a bargain or 

BaRgE, n. A row-boat for lading or pleasure. 

BA-RiL'LA, n. An impure carbonate of soda ob- 
tained from burnt sea-weed. 

BaR'I-ToNE, n. A male voice partaking of the 
common base and tenor ; one who sings in such a 
voice. 

BaR'I-ToNE, a. Noting the baritone or high base. 

Ba'RI-UM, n. The metallic basis of baryta. 

BXRK, n. The rind of a tree ; the threatening cry 
of a dog. 

BXRK, v. i. To make a noise like a dog ; to clam- 
or; to pursue with unreasonable clamor or re- 
proach ; v. t. to strip of bark, skin, &c. 

BXRK, X n. A ship with three masts, without a 

BXRQUE,] mizen topsail; a small ship, [close. 

BXRK'-BOUND, a. Having the bark too firm and 

BXRK'ER, n. One that strips off bark ; a clamorer. 

BXRK'ING, n. A stripping off bark; clamor of a 
dog. 

BXRK'Y, a. Consisting of bark ; like a bark. 

BXR'LEY, n. A species of grain used chiefly for 
making malt. [part of an inch in length. 

BXR'LEY-CORN, n. A grain of barley ; the third 

BXR'LEY-WA-TER, n. A decoction of barley. 

BXRM, n. Yeast ; scum of malt liquor. 

BaRM'Y, a. Containing or like barm; frothy. 

BaRN, n. A building for storing corn, hay ; also 
for stabling, &c. 

BXR'NA-CLE, n. A shell-fish often found on the 
bottom of ships, submerged rocks, and timber; a 
species of goose. 

BXR'NA-CLES (btir'na-klz), n. pi. Irons for hold- 
ing horses by the nose ; spectacles. 

BA-R6M'E-TER, n. An instrument to show the 
weight or pressure of the atmosphere. 

BAR-O-MeT'RIC-AL, a. Relating to a barometer. 

BaR'ON, n. In law, a husband. 

BAR'ON, n. A title of nobility between baronet 
and viscount ; a lord ; a peer. 



BAR'ON- A6E, n. The dignity or estate of a bar- 
on ; whole body of barons. 

BAR'ON-ESS, n. A baron's lady or wife. 

BAR'ON-ET, n. A title of honor between knight 
and baron ; th e lowest hereditary rank in England. 

BaR'O-NET-AgE, n. The collective body of bar- 
onets. 

BaR'O-NET-CY, n. The rank or title of baronet. 

BA-Ro'NI-AL, a. Belonging to a barony or baron. 

BaR'O-NY, n. The territoiy of a baron. 

BA-RoUcHE' (ba-roosh'), n. A four-wheel carriage 
with falling top and seats as in a coach. 

BXRQUE, n. See Bakk. [rude hut or shed. 

BaR'RACK, n. A building to lodge soldiers in ; a 

BaR'RA-COON, n. In Africa, a fort. 

BaR'RA-TOR, n. One who excites lawsuits ; the 
master of a ship who commits fraud. 

BAR'RA-TROUS, a. Guilty of barratry. 

BaR'RA-TRY, n. In law, foul practice ; any fraud 
of a shipmaster. [dered ; excluded ; striped. 

BXRR.BD (bird), pp. Fastened Avith a bar; hin- 

BAR'REL, n. A cask containing about thirty gal- 
lons, more or less ; the quantity which a barrel 
contains ; a tube ; a cylinder. 

BAR'REL, v. t. To put in a barrel ; to pack, as meat. 

BaR'REL_ED (bar'reld), pp. or a. Put or packed 
in a barrel ; having a barrel or tube. 

BaR'REN, a. Not producing after its kind; not 
prolific in any way. — Sts. Unfruitful ; sterile ; 
scanty; unproductive; dull; uninventive. 

BaR'REN, n. An unfertile tract of land. 

BaR'REN-LY, ad. Unfruitfully ; unprofitably dull. 

BaR'REN-NESS, n. State of being barren ; un- 
fruitfulness ; want of matter; want of invention. 

BAR-RI-CaDE', n. A defensive fortification made 
■ in haste; an obstruction; bar; impediment; 
hinderance; defense. 

BAR-RI-CaDE', v. t. To fortify by a barricade ; to 
stop up, as a passage ; to secure. 

BAR-RI-Ca'DO. See Barricade. 

BaR'RI-ER, n. Something that bars out or pre- 
vents approach or attack ; a boundary ; limit ; 
defense. 

BXR'RING-OUT, n. Exclusion of a person from 
a place, a boyish sport in English schools. 

BaR'RIS-TER, n. One who practices at the bar ; 
a lawyer. 

BaR'RoW (bar'rd), n. A hand-carriage ; a gelt 
swine; a hillock raised over the dead. 

BaR'SHOT, n. Two balls joined by a bar. 

BaR'TER, v. t. To exchange by way of traffic. 

BaR'TER, v. i. To trade by exchanging commod- 
ities, [change; trade. 

BaR'TER, n. Traffic by exchange.— Syn. Inter- 

BaR'TER-ER, n. One who trades by exchange. 

BaR-THoL'O-MEW-TIDE, n. Time of the Fes- 
tival of St. Bartholomew, August 24th. 

BA-RT'TA, n. The heaviest of earths ; it is an 
oxyd ofbarium. 

BA-Ry'TeS, n. Sulphate of baryta. 

BA-R?T'I€, a. Pertaining to barytes. 

BaR'Y-ToNE, a. Denoting the barytone. 

BaR'Y-ToNE, n. In Greek Grammar, a word in 
which the grave accent is understood on the last 
syllable, though not expressed. In other senses, 
the word is more usually spelt Baritone, which 
see. [Barhem. 

BA-Ry'TUM, n. A metal, the basis of baryta. See 

Ba'SAL, a. Pertaining to or constituting the base. 

BA-SALT' (ba-zawlf), n. A dark or grayish-black 
stone of igneous origin, often in a columnar form. 

BA-$ALT'I€, a. Pertaining to basalt. 

*BaS-BLEu' (ba-blu'), n. [PV.] A blue stocking; 
a learned pedantic woman. 

BaSE, n. The bottom; the part on which any 
thing stands; the gravest part in music. In 
chemistry, a body which undergoes a chemical 
change by the action of another body. — Syn. 
Foundation; support; resting-place. 

BaSE, a. Low in value, rank, spirit, sound, &c. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, eull; vi cious. — € asK; g as j ; s asz; ch as sh ; tiiis. 



Xot English. 



BAS 



38 



BAW 



— Syn. Mean; vile. — Base is a stronger term than 
vile, and vile than "mean. The two first denote 
what is wicked as well as low, the latter what is 
disgraceful or dishonorable. [to embase. 

BaSE, v. t. To found; to set or lay the base of; 

BaSE'-BoRN, a. Born out of wedlock; low born. 

BaSE'LESS, a. Without support; chimerical. 

BaSE'LY, ad. Meanly; dishonorably; vilely. 

BaSE'MENT, n. An extended base ; part of a 
building below the level of the street. 

BaSE'NESS, n. State of being base. — Syn. Mean- 
ness; vileness; bastardy. 

BAS'E-NET, ti. A helmet. 

BaSE'-Vi-OL, ti. A stringed instrument for play- 
ing the base in music. 

BA-SHAW', n. The head; a Turkish viceroy or 
high dignitary; same as Pacha' or Pashaw'. 

BaSH'FUL, a. Wanting confidence; modest to 
excess.— Syn. Modest; diffident. — Modesty arises 
from a low estimate of ourselves ; bashfulness is 
an abashment or agitation of the spirits at com- 
ing into contact with others ; diffidence is undue 
self-distrust. 

BASH'FIIL-LY, ad. Timorously; very modestly. 

BaSH'FUL-NESS, ti. Extreme modesty; diffi- 
dence. " 

Ba'SIC, a. Relating io a base; applied to a salt 
in which the base is in excess. 

Ba'SI-FT, v. t. To convert into a salifiable base. 

BAS'IL (baz'il), n. The sloping of a chisel's edge; 
the skin of a sheep tanned ; an aromatic plant 
used for seasoning. 

BaS'IL (baz'il), v. t. To grind a tool to an edge. 

BA-$tL'IG (-zil'ik), a. Belonging to the middle 
vein of the arm ; being in the manner of a pub- 
lic edifice. 

BA-SlL'I-fJA, n. A hall or court of justice ; a large 
church ; a vein of the arm. 

BA-SiL'I-€ON, n. A kind of salve or ointment. 

BaS'I-LISK (biiz'-), n. A fabulous serpent having 
a deadly power in the eye ; a term now applied to 
a genus of lizards; a piece of ordnance. 

Ba'SIN (bu'sn), n. A small vessel or dish ; any de- 
pression or concavity for water ; the portion of 
a country drained by some river; a depression 
formed by geological strata dipping inward, as 
a coal-basin ; pond ; bay ; dock. 

Ba'SIS, n. ; pi. Ba'ses. Foundation ; support. 

Ba'SIST, ti. A singer of base. 

BASK (6), v. i. To lie exposed to genial warmth ; 
to lie at ease under benign influences. 

BaSK'ET, ti. A vessel woven of twigs, rushes or 
other pliant material ; contents of a basket. 

B ASK'ET-HlLT, ti. A hilt which covers the hand. 

BaSS, n. In music, the lowest part of the tune. 

BaSS, ti. A fish ; a species of tree ; matting or a 
mat. 

BAS'SET, ti. A game at cards. 

BAS-SOON', n. A wind-instrument of music fur- 
nished with a reed. 

*BAS-SO-RE-LIE'VO, ilt.% n. Sculpture whose 

BASS-RE-LlEF', j figures do not stand 

out far from the background. 

BaSS'-Vi-OL, ) n. A musical instrument for play- 

BaSE'-Vi-OL, j ing the gravest part. 

BaS'TARD, ti. A spurious or illegitimate child 
or thing. 

BaS'TARD, a. Illegitimate ; spurious. 

BaS'TARD-IZE, v. t. To determine one a bastard. 

BAS'TARD-Y, n. The state of being a bastard ; 
Ulegitimacy. 

BaSTE, v. t. To beat; to sew slightly; to drip 
butter or fat upon meat in roasting. 

BaS'TiLE (bas'teel), n. An old castle in Paris, 
used as a_prison, now demolished. 

BAS-TI-NaDE', v. t. To beat the feet; to cudgel. 

BAS-TI-NaDE',1 71. Beating; a cudgeling; a 

BAS-TI-Na'DO,{ Turkish punishment by beat- 
ing the soles of the feet. 

BaST'ING, 7i. A beating ; a moistening with fat. 



BaS'TION (bast'yun), n. A large projecting mass 
of earth at the angles of a fortified work to de- 
fend the curtain or wall between. 

BAT, 7i. A stick used at cricket ; an animal of the 
order cheiroptera; a thin sheet of cotton. 

BATCH, n. The quantity of bread baked at one 
time; any quantity of a thing made at once. 

BaTE, v. t. or i. To take less ; to abate ; to sink ; 
to cut off. , [We now use abate.] [the middle. 

BA-TEAU' (bat-to'), 71. A long light boat, broad in 

BAT'-FOWL-ING, 7i. Catching birds at night by 
torch-light. 

BaTH, ti. A place to bathe in ; immersion in a 
bath ; a Hebrew measure ; order of the Bath, a 
British order of knighthood. 

BaTH'-BRICK, ti. A brick formed of calcareous 
earth for cleaning knives. 

BaTH-CHAIR, ti. A chair on two low wheels in 
which invalids are drawn by hand, invented in 
Bath, England. [soften. 

BaTHE, v. t. To wash in water ; to soak ; to 

BATHE, v. i. To be immersed as in a bath; to 
lave one's body. 

BaTHE, ti. The act of bathing. [water. 

BaTH'ER, ti. One that immerses himself in 

BaTH'ING, 7t. The act of using a bath ; foment- 
ing. 

BaTHTNG-TuB, ti. A vessel for bathing. 

Ba'TIIOS, 7i. A ludicrous descent from the ele- 
vated to the mean, in writing or in speech. 

BaT'ING, ppr. Abating; excepting. 

BAT'LET, n. An instrument to beat linen with. 

BA-ToN' (ba-tong'), ( ti. A club; a marshal's 

BAT-OON', j staff; a badge of honor. 

BA-TRa'CHI-A, {_ ti. pi. Animals of the frog 

BA-TRa'€I1I-ANS,{ and toad kind. 

I'A-TRa'€III-AN, a. Pertaining to batrachians. 

BAT-TaL'IA (bat-tal'ya), ti. The order of battle ; 
the main body of an army in array. 

BAT-TAL'ION (-tal'yun), 71. A body of foot sol- 
diers, from 500 to 800 men. 

BAT'TEN (bat'tn), v. t. To fatten ; to feed plen- 
tcously ; to fasten with battens. [luxury. 

BaT'TEN, v. i. To grow fat ; to live in ease and 

BaT'TEN (bat'tn), 71. A narrow piece of board or 
scantling. 

BAT'TER, v. t. To beat with successive blows ; to 
bruise or demolish by beating; to wear or impair. 

BaT'TER, tv A semi-fluid mixture of flour, wa- 
ter, eggs, &c, in cookery, [beating down walls. 

BAT'TER-ING RAM, ti. An ancient engine for 

BaT'TER-Y, ti. Act of battering or beating; 
guns, &c, protected by a parapet or a line of 
ordnance ; a combination of electric jars, or of 
galvanic plates, so as to accumulate electric or 
galvanic power ; an unlawful personal attack. 

BaT'TING, ti. Cotton" or wool in sheets. 

BAT'TLE, ti. An encounter between contending 
ai'mies or parties. — Syn. Combat; fight; engage- 
ment. — Combat is a close encounter, and may be 
(like fight) between single individuals; a battle 
is more general and prolonged ; engagement sup- 
poses large numbers on each side engaged or in- 
termingled in the conflict. 

BaT'TLE, v. i. To contend in fight ; to dispute. 

BaT'TLE-AR-RaY', ti. Order of battle. [Avar. 

BaT'TLE-aX, 7i. A kind of ax formerly used in 

BaT'TLE-DoOR, ti. An instrument to strike 
shuttle-cocks. 

BaT'TLE-M ENT, ti. A wall or parapet on the top 
of a building with openings or embrasures. 

BaTZ, ti. A small coin current in Germany and 
Switzerland, worth about four cents. 

BAU-BEE', ti. In Scotland, a half-penny. 

BAW^LE,}" n - A S ew S &w 5 trifle ' ^^ n S tn i"g- 
BAWD, ti. One who procures lewd women or 

keeps a brothel. 
BAWD, v. i. To act the bawd ; to procure. 
BAWD'I-LY, ad. Obscenely ; lewdly ; offensively. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; tileee, TEKii ; mae'ine, mkd ; move, 



BAW 



BEA 



BAWD1-NESS, n. Ribaldry ; obscenity ; lewdness. 

BAWD'KY, n. The employment of a bawd; un- 
chaste language. 

BAWD'Y, a. Unchaste; filthy: foul; obscene. 

BAWDY-HOUSE, n. A house of prostitution. 

BAWL, v. i. To speak very loud; to ciy aloud; 
r. t. to proclaim by outcry. 

BA VYL'IXG, a. Crying or calling aloud. 

B.&WL'ING, 11. A great noise; loud crying. 

BaY (ba), v. i. To bark as a dog ; v. t. to bark at ; 
to hem in ; to surround. [brown. 

BaY (ba), a. Reddish; inclining to a chestnut 

BaY (ba), n. A laurel-tree; pi. an honorary gar- 
Iand. 

BaY (ba), n. A recess or arm of the sea ; an in- 
closure in a barn ; a state of being kept off, as at 
bay; land covered with the bay-tree. 

BaY'-BeR-RY, n. A shrub with oily berries ; the 
fruit of the bay-tree. _ 

BaY'-BER-RY TaL'LoW, n. A waxy substance 
obtained from the bay-berry or wax-myrtle. 

BaY'O-NET, n. A long dagger or sword fixed at 
the end of a gun. 

BaY'O-NET, v. t. To stab with the bayonet, [nel. 

BAy'oU (by'oo), n. The outlet of a lake ; a chan- 

BaY'-RuM, n. A spirit obtained by distilling the 
leaves of the bay-tree. [land ; a prize. 

BaYS (baze), n. pi. An honorary crown or gar- 

BaY'-SALT, n. Salt formed by evaporation in the 
sun's rays and ah. [outward. 

BaY-WiN'DoW, n. A curved window projecting 

BA-ZaAR',} n. An exchange, market-place, or 

BA-ZaR', f spacious hall for the sale. of goods. 

BDeLI/IUM (dSl'yuin), n. A gummy, resinous 
j nice from the East. 

BE, a prefix, as in because, is the same word as by. 

BE, v. i. and auxiliary. Ipret. Was; pp. Been.] 
To exist or have a certain state or attribute ; to 
remain. — Syn. To become. — To be simply denotes 
existence; to become marks a transition from one 
state to another ; as, it is cold, and is becoming 
_colder. 

BeACH, n. A sandy shore; strand. [ship. 

BeACH, v. t. To strand, or force on a beach, as a 

BEA'€ON (be'kn), n. A signal by fire on an emi- 
nence; any object to give notice of danger; a 
light to direct seamen. [light up. 

BEA'CON, v. t. To afford light as a beacon ; to 

BeA'CON-AgE, n. Money paid for maintaining 
beacons. 

BEAD, n. A small perforated globule of glass or 
other substance, used for ornament or to make 
rosaries; any globule; a round molding. 

BeAD'ED, a. Having or wearing beads. 

BeA'DLE (by'dl), n. A crier; messenger; petty 
officer of a court, parish, or college. 

BEA'DLE-SHIP, n. The office of a beadle. 

BeAD'KuLL, n. Among Roman Catholics, a list 
of persons who are prayed for. 

BeADS'MAN, n. A man who prays, dropping a 
bead at each prayer. [dog. 

BeA'GLE (bC-'gl), n. A small hound or hunting- 

BeAK, n. The bill of a bird; any thing pointed 
like a beak. 

BEAKjED (beekt), a. Having a beak; pointed. 

BeAK'ER, n. A drinking-cup or glass. 

BEAM (beem), n. A main timber of a building, 
ship, loom, plow, or other structure ; the part of 
a balance from which the scales hang; a collec- 
tion of rays from a luminous body ; yoke of a 
chariot; horn of a stag. 

BEAM, v. i. or t. To throw out rays; to glitter. 

BEAM'ING, n. Emission of rays of light; radia- 

BEAM'LESS, a. Without rays of light, [tion. 

BeAM'Y, a. Shining; radiant; having horns. 

BeAN, n. A plant of the vetch or pulse kind ; a 
jeed of the plant. [bean flowers. 

BeAN'-FLy, n. A beautiful purple fly found on 

BEAR (bare), (4), v. t. [pret. Bore; pp. Borne.] 
To bring forth, as young. 



BEAR, v. t. [j>re£..B0KE; pp. Borne.] To carry; 
to endure; to convey; to sustain; to wear; to 
produce; to conduct. 

BEAR, v. i. To suffer, as with pain ; to produce, 
as fruit; to tend; to be in the direction of; to 
press upon ; to relate to. 

BEAR, n. A large savage animal of the genus ur- 
sus; the name of two northern constellations; a 
class of stock-jobbers interested in depressing 
stocks, as the btdls are to raise them. [dogs. 

BEAR'-BXIT-ING, n. The baiting of bears with 

BEAP/-BeR-RY, n. A plant, a species of arbutus. 

BeARD (beerd), n. Hair on the chin ; the awn or 
sharp prickles on ears of grain ; a jag or barb of 
an arrow. 

BEARD, v. t. To pull by the beard ; to oppose to 
the face ; to defy. [ed. 

BeARD'ED, a. Having a beard; jagged or barb- 

BEARD'LESS, a. Without a beard , youthful. 

BEAR'ER (bar'er) (4), n. A carrier of any thing ; 
supporter. 

BEAR'-GaR-DEX (-gar-dn), n. A place where 
bears are kept for sport ; hence a turbulent as- 
sembly. 

BEAR'-HeRD, n. One who tends bears. 

BEAR'ING, n. Relative position ; relation or in- 
fluence; mode of carrying one's self; a support; 
an escutcheon. — Syn. Distinction; tendency; ef- 
fect; deportment; mien. 

BEaR'ISH, a. Having the qualities of a bear. 

BEAR'WARD, n. A keeper of bears. 

BeAST, n. A name of the lower order of animals, 
usually applied to the larger quadrupeds. — Syn. 
Brute. — They ai-e called beasts as mere animals 
governed by animal appetite, and brutes as desti- 
tute of reason and moral feeling. Hence we say, 
figuratively, a drunkard makes himself a beast, 
and then treats his family like a brute. [ness. 

BEAST'Ll-NESS, n. Brutality ; nastiness ; filthi- 

BeAST'LY, a. Like a beast; brutish; nasty; 
filthy; obscene. 

BEAT (beet), v. t. Ipret Beat; pp. Beat, Beat- 
en.] To strike with repeated blows; to outdo ; to 
^onquer; to thrash; to tread; to hammer. 

BEAT, v. i. To give strokes at intervals; to throb ; 
to dash, as a storm; to be in agitation; to sail in 
zigzag courses so as to advance against the di- 
rection of the wind. 

BEAT, n. A stroke; a recurring stroke or its 
sound, as of the pulse, a drum, or watch; a cus- 
tomary round or place of resort. 

BEAT, \ pp. or a. Struck ; hammered ; 

BeAT'EN (be'tn),/" outdone. 

BeAT'ER, n. One who beats or strikes. 

BE-A-TiFT-G, a. Imparting heavenly bliss. 

BE-A-TiFT€-AL-LY, ad. In a happy manner. 

BE-aT-I-FI-€a'TION, n. In the Roman Catholic 
Church, a papal act declaring a person blessed in 
heaven ; next below canonization. 

BE-aT'I-FT", v. t. To bless; to make happy; in 
the Roman Catholic Church, to declare admitted 
_to beaven, though not canonized. 

BEAT'ING, n. The act of giving blows; correc- 
tion by blows; a drubbing; sailing against the 
wind. [ness; glory. 

BE-aT'I-TuDE, n. Highest happiness; blessed- 

BEAU (bo), n. ; pi. Beaux. A man of dress; cox- 
comb: fop; a lady's attendant; a gallant. 

BEAU I-DE'AL (bo-i-de'al), n. [Fr.] A model of 
excellence in tie mind or fancy. 

BEAU'ISH (bo'ish), a. Gav; foppish; gallant. 

•S-BEAU-M6XDE' (bo-mond'), n. LFr.~] The fash- 
ionable world. [some. 

BEAu'TE-OUS (bii'te-us), a. Very fair or hand- 

BEAu'TE-OUS-LY (bu'te-us-ly), ad. In a beaute- 
ous manner. 

BEAO'TE-OUS-NESS (bu'te-us-ness), n. The 
quality of being beauteous; handsomeness: 
beauty. 

BEAu'TI-Fl-EB, n. That which makes beautiful. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; RULE, BULL ; VI CIOUS.- 



k ; 6 as j ; s as z ; ch as sa ; this. + Sot Eivjlisl 



BEA 



40 



BEE 



BEAu'TI-FUL, a. Possessing beauty. — Syn. 
Handsome'; pretty. — Pretty applies to things 
comparatively small, which please by their deli- 
cacy and grace, as a pretty girl, flower, cottage. 
Handsome is more striking and the pleasure great- 
er, as a handsome woman, tree, villa ; it implies 
suitableness, and hence we speak of a handsome 
fortune or offer. Beautiful implies all the high- 
er qualities which delight the taste and imagina- 
tion, [finely. 

BEAu'TI-FUL-LY, ad. In a beautiful manner ; 

BEAu'TI-FUL-NESS, n. Elegance of form ; beau- 
ty, [to grace; to deck. 

BEAu'TX-Fy, v. t. To make beautiful ; to adorn ; 

BEAu'TI-Fy-ING, n. The act or method of ren- 
dering beautiful. 

BEAu'TI-LESS, a. Destitute of beauty. 

BEAu'TY (bu'ty), n. Whatever in sensible objects 
pleases from symmetry, harmony, proportion, 
color, &c. ; applied also to thoughts, feelings, 
and conduct, and likewise to the expression of 
them in works of art or literature ; a very hand- 
some person ; any beautiful object. 

BEAO'TY-SPoT (bu'ty-spot), n. A patch; a spot 
jplaced on the face to heighten beauty. 

BeA'VER, n. An amphibious quadruped of the 
genus castor; the fur of the beaver; a hat made 
of the fur ; part of a helmet. 

BE-€aLM' (be-kam'), v. t. To quiet; to appease ; 
to make easy ; to still. 

BE-CaME', pret. of Become. 

BE-CAUSE', eon. Literally, by cause; for this 
reason ; on this account. 

BE-CHaNCE', v. i. To befall or happen. 

BE-CHXRM', v. t. To charm ; to captivate. 

BeCK, n. A sign with the head or hand. 

BECK, v. i. To nod or make a sign with the head 
or hand. 

BeCK'OX (bSk'kri), v. i. To make a sign to an- 
other by nodding or with the hand. 

BeCK'ON, v. t. To call by beckoning. 

BeCK'ON, n. A sign made without words. [en. 

BE-CLOUD', v. t. To cloud; to obscure; to dark- 

BE-COME' (-kum'), v. t. To suit; to be congru- 
ous ; to sit gracefully upon. 

BE-C6ME' (-kumO, v. i. \_pret. Became ; pp. Be- 
come.] To be made; to change from one condi- 
tion or state into another. 

BE-€0M'ING (-kum'-), a. Suitable to.— Syn. Fit; 
suitable; graceful; befitting. [fitly. 

BE-€OM'ING-LY, ad. In a becoming manner; 

BE-COM'ING-NESS, n. Suitableness ; propriety. 

BeD, n. A place to sleep on ; lodging ; channel of 
a river ; plat in a garden ; layer or stratum, as of 
gravel, ore, &c. ; place in which any thing rests. 

BeD, v. t. To put to or into bed ; to sow or plant 
in beds ; to set or inclose firmly ; to lay in strata ; 
v. i. to go to bed; to sleep. 

BE-DaB'BLE, v. t. To soil by wet or moisture. 

BE-DaG'GLE, v. t. To soil or make muddy. 

BE-DASH', v. t. To wet by spattering water on. 

BE-DAUB', v. t. To daub over; to besmear with 
any thing slimy. [sight or mind by luster. 

BE-DaZ'ZLE, v. t To dazzle; to confuse the 

BeD'-BuG, n. An offensive insect that infests bed- 
steads. 

BeD'-CHaM-BER, n. A room to sleep in. 

BeD'-CLoTHES, n. pi. Sheets, blankets, cover- 
let, &c, for beds. 

BeD'DED, a. Laid in a bed ; stratified ; embedded. 

BeD'DING, n. A bed and its furniture ; materi- 
als for a bed. 

BE-DeCK', v. t. To deck; to adorn ; to dress up. 

BeDE'-HOUSE, n. A hospital ; an alms-house. 

BE-DeV'IL (-dev'vl), v. t. To throw into disorder 
and confusion, as by an evil spirit. 

BE-DEW' (be-du'), v. t. To moisten gently; to wet 
with dew. 

BeD'~FeL-L5W, n. One lying in the same bed. 

BeD'-HaNG-INGS, n.pl. Curtains. 



BE-DIGHT' (be-dfte'), v. t. To set off with orna- 
ments. {Little used.] 

BE-DIM', v. t. To make dim ; to obscure. 

BE-DIZ'EN (be-diz'zn), v. t To adorn ; to deck 
gaudily. \_Low.~] 

BeD'LAM, n. [Corrupted from Bethlehem, the 
name of a religious house converted into a hos- 
pital.] A_ mad-house; a noisy place. 

BeD'LAM-ITE, n. A madman ; a noisy person. 

BeD'oU-iN (bed'oo-een), n. The name of certain 
Arabs_who live in tents, and are widely scattered. 

BeD'PoST, n. The post of a bedstead. 

BeD'-QUiLT, n. A quilted covering for the bed. 

BE-DRAG'GLE, v. t. To soil by dragging in mud 
or dirt. [ter. 

BE-DReNCH', v. t. To drench ; to soak with wa- 

Sd'RI&DEN (-rid-dn),} a " Confined to tbe bed - 
BeD'ROOM, n. An apartment for a bed. 
BE-DRoP', v. t. To sprinkle with drops. 
BeD'STEAD, n. A frame for supporting a bed. 
BeD'TICK, n. A case of cloth for inclosing the 

materials of a bed. 
BeD'TiME, n. The hour of going to rest. 
BE-DWARF', v. t. To make little ; to stunt in 

growth. 
BE-DyE' (-diO, v. t. To stain ; to dye. 
BEE, n. The name of a genus of insects which are 

very numerous ; the honey-bee. 
BEE'-BReAD (-bred), n. The pollen of flowers 

collected by bees as food for their young. 
BEECH, n. The name of a tree. 
BEECH'EN (be'chn), a. Belonging to the beech, 

or made of beech. 

BEECH'-N^T T '|" n ' The fruit of the beecb - 

BEECH'-OIL, n. Oil expressed from the mast or 
nuts of the beech -tree. 

BEE'-EAT-ER, n. A bird that feeds on bees. 

BEEF. n. The flesh of an ox, cow, or bulL 

BEEF'-eAT-ER, n. A yeoman of the king's guard, 
from buffeteer, an attendant of the buffet or side- 
board ; a large, well-fed person. [ing. 

BEEF'-STEaK (-stake), n. A slice of beef for broil- 

BEE'-HTVE, n. A box or other hollow vessel for 
the habitation of honey-bees. 

BE-eL'ZE-BUB, n. Literally, the god of flies; a 
prince of demons. 

BEEN (bin), part. perf. of Be. 

BEER, n. A beverage made of malt and hops; 
applied also to fermented liquors of various other 
materials, as root-freer, ginger-freer, &c. 

BEET, n. The name of a garden root used for food. 

BEE'TLE, n. A large heavy mallet ; rammer ; in- 
sect, [ject. 

BEE'TLE, v. i. To jut out ; to hang over ; to pro- 

BEE'TLE-BRO ~WED (-browd), a. Having prom- 
inent brows. 

BEE'TLE-HeAD-ED (-hSd-), a. Stupid; heavy; 

" blockish. 

BEE'TLE-SToCK, n. The handle of a beetle. 

BEET'LING, a. Jutting; standing out from the 
main body ; overhanging. 

BEEVES, n. pi. of Beef. Cattle ; oxen ; cows. 

BE-FALL', v. t. ipret. Befell; pp. Befallen.] To 
happen to ; to occur to. 

BE-FALL', v. i. To happen ; to come to pass. 

BE-FIT', v. t. To become ; to suit ; to adorn. 

BE-FiT'TING, a. Having a fitness or propriety. 
— Syn. Suitable; becoming; meet; appropriate. 

BE-FOOL', v. t. To make a fool of; to deceive. 

BE-FoRE', prep. In front; sooner; in presence 
of; in preference to. 

BE-FoRE', ad. Sooner than; in time previous; 
furtjier onward in place; in front of. 

BE-FoRE'HAND, ad. Before in time or place; in 
a state of anticipation or preparation. 

BE-FoRE'HAND, a. Well provided with means; 
having more than a mere support. [time. 

BE-FoRE'TIME, ad. Formerly; of old; of old 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c., short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



BEE 



41 



BEL 



BE-FOUL' (be-foAvl'), v. t. To make foul ; to daub ; 
to soil. 

BE-FRIeND' (-fivnd'), v. t. To favor; to use 
kindly ; to serve ; to act as a friend to ; to coun- 
tenance, aid, or benefit. 

BE-FRiNgE', v. t. To adorn with fringe. 

BEG, In. A Turkish governor of a town or 

BEY, (ba),f district. 

BEG, v. t. To ask earnestly; to take for granted. 
— Syn. To entreat ; solicit ; implore ; beseech ; 
supplicate. 

BeG, v. i. To ask alms; to practice begging. 

BE-GAN', pret. of Begin. 

BE-GeT', v. t. [pret. Begat; pp. Begot, Begot- 
ten.] To cause to be produced; to procreate; 
to generate. 

BE-GeT'TER, n. One who catises production. 

BeG'GAR, n. One who lives by begging. 

BeG'GAR, v. t. To bring to want ; to ruin ; to ex- 
haust, [garly; poverty; meanness; stinginess. 

BeG'GAR-LI-NESS, n. The state of being beg- 

BeG'GAR-LY, a. Very poor ; mean ; stingy. 

BeG'GAR- Y, n. State of a beggar ; extreme want. 
— Syn. Indigence; poverty; destitution. 

BE-GILT', a. Gilded. 

BE-GlN', v. i. To have an original or first exist- 
ence; to exist in a first state or act; to com- 
mence. 

BE-GiN', v. t. [.pret. Began; pp. Begun.] To com- 
mence ; to enter upon. — Syn. Originate ; set 
about. 

BE-GIN'NER, n. One who begins; the first at- 
tempter; a young practitioner. 

BE-GiN'NING, n. The first part of time ; origin- 
al ; first cause, act, or state ; commencement. 

BE-GIRD' (IT), v. t. [pret. Begiet, Begieded; pp. 
Begiet.] To bind with a band or girdle ; to sur- 
round or encompass. 

BE-GONE' (be-gawn'), (20), v. i. Go away ; depart. 
[These words are improperly united. Be retains 
the sense of a verb, and gone, that of a participle.] 

BE-GRIME', v. t. To soil deeply with dirt. 

BE-GRuDgE', v. t. To grudge ; to envy the pos- 
session of. 

BE-GUlLE', v. t. To mislead by artifice ; to pass 
pleasantly. — Syn. To deceive; amuse; cheat. 

BE-HaLF' (be-haf), n. Favor; cause; support; 
account ; it also notes substitution. 

BE-HaVE', v. t. To carry; to demean; to con- 
duct^; used with the reciprocal pronoun. 

BE-HaVE', v. i. To act ; to conduct. 

BE-HaV'IOR (be-hav'yur), n. Manners; carriage 
of one's self with respect to propriety or morals. 
In law, good behavior is conformity to law. — 
Syn. Conduct; deportment. — Behavior is the 
mode in which we he-have ourselves toward oth- 
ers; conduct (conduco) is the mode of our con- 
ducting or leading ourselves forward, and in- 
volves the general tenor of our actions. The for- 
mer, like deportment, is shaped chiefly by cir- 
cumstances; the latter is a development of the 
man. Behavior in society, the conduct of life. 

BE-HeAD' (be-hed'), v. t. To punish by cutting 
off the head ; to decapitate. 

BE'HE-MOTH, n. A large beast mentioned in the 
Scriptures, perhaps the river horse or hippopota- 
mus. 

BE-HeST', n. The order of a superior. — Syn. 
Command; direction; charge; mandate; injunc- 
tion, [remaining after ; inferior to. 

BE-HIND', prep. At the back of; in the rear of; 

BE-H1ND', ad. In the rear; remaining; backward; 
past. 

BE-HIND'HAND, a. Being behind or in arrear ; 
backward ; in an exhausted state ; being in pov- 
erty. 

BE-HoLD', v.t. [pret. and pp. Beheld.] To see; 
to view ; to fix the eyes upon ; to observe with care. 

BE-HoLD', v. i. To look; to direct the eyes; to 
observe. 



BE-HoLD'EN (be-hdl'dn), a. Obliged; indebted. 

BE-HoLD'ER, n. One who beholds ; a spectator. 

BE-HOOF', n. Radically, need; necessity; that 
which is advantageous ; benefit. 

BE-HOOV'A-BLE, a. Needful; profitable. 

BE-HOOVE', v. t. To benefit; to be necessary for; 
_to become ; to be meet for. fists. 

BE'ING, n. Existence ; a person or thing that ex- 

BE-La'BOR, v. t. To thump; to beat soundly; to 
ply vigorously. 

BE-LaT'ED, a. Late in time ; too late ; benighted. 

BE-LaY', v. t. To waylay; to lie in wait; to fas- 
ten; to cover; to overlay. [wind, &c. 

BeLCH, v. t. To eject violently from within, as 

BELCH, v. i. To eject wind from the stomach; to 
eruct. [malt liquor. 

BELCH, n. The act of belching; a cant name for 

BeL'DAM, n. A hag; old or scolding woman. 

BE-LeA'GUER (be-le'ger), v. t. To besiege; to 
block up ;_ to surround with an armv. 

BE-LeM'NiTE, n. A kind of petrified shell-fish 
shaped like a finger, called thunderstone. 

BeL-ES-PRiT' (bel-es-pree'), n. ; pi Beaux-es- 
peits (boze-es-pree'). [Fr.~\ A man of wit. 

BeL'FRY, n. A place where a bell is hung. 

Be'LI-AL, n. Satan; the devil; wickedness; vice; 
sons of Belial, Avicked persons. [give the lie to. 

BE-LTE', v. t. To slander; to speak falsely of; to 

BE-LIeF' (-leef), n. Credit given to evidence; 
strong or full persuasion of mind. — Syn. Cre- 
dence ; faith ; trust ; confidence ; creed. 

BE-LIeV'A-BLE, a. Deserving credit ; credible. 

BE-LIeVE' (-leveO, v. t. To trust in ; to credit; to 
be persuaded as to the truth of. 

BE-LIeVE', v. i. To have faith or belief; in pop- 
ular use, to think or suppose. 

BE-LIeV'ER, n. One that believes or credits. 

BE-LiKE', adv. Probably; likely; perhaps. 

BE-LIT'TLE, v. t. To make smaller ; to lower in 
character. (Little used.) [duce sounds. 

BfiLL, n. A holloAV vessel of metal, used to pro- 

BEL-LA-DGN'NA, n. Deadly nightshade and the 
extract therefrom. 

BeLLE (bcl), n. A handsome, gay, young lady. 

+BELLES LeT-TRES (bel-let'ter), [J<V.] n. pi. El- 
egant literature. [form of a bell. 

BeLL'-FaSH-ION_ED (-•fash-trad), a. Having the 

BeLL'-FLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants whose 
flower resembles a bell. 

BeLL'-FOUND-ER, n. One who casts bells. 

BeLL'-FOUND-ER-Y,? n. A place for casting 

BeLL'-FOUND-RY, f bells. 

BeLL'MAN, n. A crier of goods; a crier. 

BeLL'-MeT-AL (-met-tl), n. A composition of cop- 
per, tin, and usually a portion of brass or zinc. 

BeLL'-RiNG-ER, n. One whose business is to ring 
a bell. [of a bell. 

BeLL'-SHaPE'D (-shapte), a. Having the shape 

BeLL'-WeTH-ER, n. A wether or sheep that 
leads the flock, with a bell on his neck. 

BeL'LI-CoSE, a. Warlike ; contentious, [to war. 

BEL-LlG-'ER-ENT, a. Carrying on war ; disposed 

BEL-LiG'ER-ENT, n. A party engaged in Avar. 

BEL-Lo'NA, n. The goddess of war. 

BeL'LOW, v. i. To make a loud outcry or hollow, 
continued sound, like a bull. 

BeL'LoW, n. A roai-ing like that of a bull, or of 
the wind ; a loud outcry. 

BeL'LoW-ING, a. Roaring; uttering a loud 
sound ; n. a loud ciy or roaring. [ing a fire. 

BeL'LOWS (bri'lus), 11. An instrument for bloA7- 

BeL'LU-iNE, a. Beastly; brutal. 

BeL'LY, n. The pai't of the body containing the 
entrails; that AA'hich resembles it. [sAvell out. 

BeL'LY, v. i. To bulge or hang out; to project or 

BeL'LY-BaND, n. A band that encompasses the 
bellv; the girth of a saddle. 

BE-LoNG' (2(1), v. i. To be the property of; to per- 
tain ; to be a part of; to have relation to ; to have 
a legal residence. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — o asK; g as j ; $ as z ; en as BJQ ; tiiis. + Js'ot English. 



BEL 



42 



BES 



BE-LoVED, pp. or a. (pronounced be-luvd' as a 
pp. and be-luv'ed as an adj.). Greatly loved ; dear 
to the heart. 

BE-LoW' (be-loO, prep, and ad. In a lower place 
or state ; inferior to ; on earth or in hell, as op- 
posed to heaven. — Syn. Beneath. — Below is op- 
posed to on high ; beneath is opposed to above. A 
person who is below us at table is not beneath us. 
Bcloiu has not, therefore, properly the sense of un- 
becoming or unworthy of, but beneath. We say, 
beneath (not beloic) the character of a gentleman, 
beneath contempt, &c. This distinction should 
not be overlooked. 

BeLT, n. A leathern girdle ; sash; zone; strait. 

BeLT, v. t. To encircle; to gird with a belt. 

BeLT'ED, a. Wearing a belt. [terials for belts. 

BeLT'ING, n. Belts taken collectively, or the ma- 

BE-Lu'GA, n. A cetaceous fish valued for its oil. 

BeL'VE-DeRE, n. A pavilion or look-out on the 
top of a building. 

BE-MaZE', v. t. To bewilder. 

BE-M7RE', v. t. To drag or sink in the mire. 

BE-MoAN' (be-mone'), v. t. To make a moan ; to 
lament ; to bewail. 

BE-MoCK', v. t. To treat with mocking. 

BfiN'NUT f n ' A P ur S ative fruit or nut - 

BeNCH, n. A seat; a judge's seat; the judicial 
body. 

BeNCH'ER, n. A senior in the inns of court. 

BeND, v. t. and i. [pret. and pp. Bended or Bent.] 
To crook ; to bow ; to submit ; to apply ; to 
subdue. — To bend a cable is to fasten it to the an- 
chor. 

BeND, n. A turn; curve; flexure; incurvation. 

BE-NEATH', prep, and ad. Under; unworthy of. 
— Syn. Below. — Beneath is opposed to above ; be- 
low to higher in place or state, as beneath (not 
below) notice. See Below. 

BeN'E-DIGTJ n. A newly-married man. [De- 

BeN'E-DICK,j rived from the name of Bene- 
dick, one of the characters in Shakspeare's Much 
Ado about Nothing.] [monks of St. Benedict. 

BEN-E-DiGT'INE, a. Pertaining to the order of 

BEN-E-Di€'TION, n. The act of blessing, prayer, 
or kind wishes; a solemn invocation of blessings. 

BEN-E-Fa€'TION, n. Charitable gift; a bene- 
fit conferred ; a favor. 

BEN-E-Fa€'TOR, n. He that confers a benefit. 

BEN-E-FaG'TRESS, n. She who confers a benefit. 

BeN'E-FiCE (b in'e-fis), n. A lower class of church 
livings; e. g. rectorships, curacies, &c, as distin- 
guished from the dignities, viz., bishoprics, &c. 

BEN'E-FICifD (b^n'e-fist), a. Possessed of a ben- 
efice. 

BE-NeF'I-CENCE, n. The practice of doing good ; 
active goodness, kindness, or charity. — Syn. Be- 
nevolence. — Benevolence is literally well-willing, 
beneficence is literally well-doing. The former 
may exist without the latter, but beneficence al- 
ways supposes benevolence. 

BE-NeF'I-CENT, a. Doing good; abounding in 
acts of kindness. — Syn. Bountiful; liberal; gen- 
erous ; munificent. 

BE-NeF'I-CENT-LY, ad. In a beneficent manner. 

BEN-E-Fl"CIAL (-f ish'al), a. Advantageous; prof- 
itable ; conferring benefits. [fully. 

BEN-E-Fi"CIAL-LY, ad. Advantageously; use- 

BEN-E-Fi"CIA-RY (-f ish'a-ry), n. One who holds 
a benefice ; one who receives the proceeds of a 
charity ; one on whom benefits are conferred. 

BEN-E-Fi"CIA-RY, a. Holding some valuable 
possession in subordination to another. 

BeN'E-FIT, n. Ah act of kindness; a favor con- 
ferred ; a public performance the proceeds of 
which are for some particular person or object. — 
Syn. Profits ; service ; use ; avail. 

BeN'E-FIT, v. t. To do good; to profit; to favor; 
v. i. to improve ; to receive benefit. 

BE-NeV'O-LENCE, n. The disposition to do good ; 



good will. — Syn. Kindness; benignity; tender- 
ness. — Kindness and tenderness lean to the side 
of natural feeling ; benevolence is considerate kind- 
ness, and often overrules mere impulse ; benigni- 
ty is condescending kindness, as the benignity of 
God. 

BE-NeV'O-LENT, a. Kind in feeling and act; 
expressing benevolence. — Syn. Beneficent ; mu- 
nificent. — Originally, benevolent meant well- 
ivishing, and beneficent well-doing ; but now (with 
a slight tinge of the original sense) they differ in 
their outward exercise chiefly in degree; a benef- 
icent act being one on a larger scale than a be- 
nevolent one, Avhile a munificent act is greater and 
more imposing than either. 

BE-NeV'O-LENT-LY, ad. With good will. [gal. 

BEN-GAL'EE, n. The language spoken in Ben- 

BE-NIGHT' (be-niteO, v. t. To involve in night; 
to darken ; to shroud in moral darkness. 

BE-NIGHT'ED, pp. or a. Overtaken by the night; 
involved in darkness or ignorance. 

BE-NiGN' (be-nlne'), a. Full of benignity. — Syn. 
Kind; generous; liberal; wholesome. 

BE-NiG'NANT, a. Kind ; gracious. [ciousness. 

BE-NIG'NI-TY, n. Condescending kindness; gra- 

BE-NiGN'LY, ad. Kindly; graciously; favorably. 

BeNT-SON, n. A blessing ; benediction ; reward. 

BeN'SHIE. See Banshee. 

BeNT, n. A degi^ee of flexure; a curve; tenden- 
cy; leaning or bias ; force or purpose ; a kind of 

BeNT. See Bended. [coarse grass. 

BE-NuMB' (be-niim'), v. i. To deprive of sensibil- 
ity or feeling. [The old spelling, benum, has 
gone out of use.] 

BEN-ZoTC, a. Pertaining to benzoin. 

BEN-ZOIN', n. A resinous juice from the East In- 
dies, A-ulgarly called gum benjamin. 

BE-PRaISE', v. t. To praise extravagantly. 

BE-QUEATH', v. t. To leave or give by will ; to 
hand down to posterity. — Syn. Devise. — Bequeath 
is the generic term, devise is to bequeath lands or 
rGtil Gst'ito 

BE-QUeST; n. A legacy; a gift by will. 

BE-RaTE', v. t. To chide vehemently; to scold. 

BeR'BE-RIN, n. A yellow, bitter substance ob- 
tained from the barberry plant. 

BeR'BER-RY. See Barberry. 

BE-ReAVE' (-reve'), v. t, [pret. and^p. Bereaved, 
Bereft]. To deprive ; to strip ; to make desti- 
tute, [loss; deprivation. 

BE-REaVE'MENT, n. State of being bereaved ; 

BeRG'A-MOT, n. A species of pear ; a species of 
citron ; a species of perfume ; snuff scented with 
bergamot; tapestry. [cliffs. 

BeRG'AN-DER, n. A duck that breeds under 

BeRG'MaS-TER, n. A bailiff or chief officer 
among the Derbyshire miners. 

BE-RHyME' (-rime'), v. t. To celebrate in rhyme. 
[Used in contempt.] ' [Bernard. 

BeR'NAR-DiNE, n. A monk of the order of St. 

BeR'O-e, n. A genus of minute transparent ocean- 
ic animals, emitting a phosphoric light. 

BeR'RIjED (ber'rid), a. Furnished with berries. 

BeR'RY, n. A succulent or pulpy fruit. 

BeRTH, n. A station in which a ship rides; a 
room in a ship, and a box to sleep in; an office or 
employment. To give a wide berth, to avoid, or 
keep at a safe distance from. [green color. 

BeR'YL, n. A gem or mineral of a green or bluish 

BeR'YL-LiNE, a. Like beryl; of a pale green 
color. 

BE-SGRiB'BLE, v. t. To scribble over. 

BE-SEECH', v. t. [pret. and pp. Besought.] To 
ask or pray earnestly. — Syn. To beg; entreat; 
solicit; supplicate; implore. — Beg supposes sim- 
ply a state of want ; to beseech, entreat, and so- 
licit, a state of urgent necessity ; to implore and 
supplicate, a state of overwhelming distress. 

BE-SEEM', v. t. To become ; to be fit, or worthy of. 

BE-SeT", v. t. [pret. and^;p. Beset.] To set upon 



a, S, &c, long. — a, £, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



BES 



43 



BEW 



or hem in ; to surround; to inclose on all sides; 
to waylay; to harass. [tending, or pressing. 

BE-SET'TIXG, px>r. Besieging; habitually at- 

BE-SHEEW, v. t. To wish a curse. 

BE-SlDE' prep. At the side of, as beside a fount- 
ain ; out of, as beside himself, beside my present 
design. It is now considered an error to use be- 
side as an adverb for besides, in the sense of more- 
over, &c. [tinct from. 

BE-SiDES', ad. Moreover; more than that; dis- 

BE-SiDES', prep. Over and above. 

BE-SIF:gE' (-seejO, v. t. To lay siege to; to beset 
closely. — Syn. To beleaguer; hem in; invest; 
environ. 

BE-SIEG'EE, n. The party besieging. 

BE-SLaY'ER, v. t. To defile with slaver. 

BE-SLlME', v. t. To daub with slime. 

BE -.-'Me Alt', v. t. To daub; to soil; to sully. 

BE-SMoKE', v. t. To foul or dry with smoke. 

BE-SMuT", v. t. To soil or blacken with smut or 
soot. 

BE-SXuFF£D' (-snuff), a. Foul with snuff. 

Be'SOM (be'zum), n. A brush of twigs; a broom. 

BE-SoRT', v. t. To suit ; to fit ; to become.— Shah 

BE-S5T', v. t. To stupefy ; to make stupid or fool- 
ish ; to make to dote. 

BE-SoT'TED, a. Made sottish or foolish. 

BE-SGT'TED-XESS, n. Stupidity; infatuation. 

BE-SPaN^GLE, v. t. To adorn with spangles. 

BE-SPAT'TER, v. t. To spatter; to soil with wa- 
ter and dirt ; to asperse with calumny. 

BE-SPeAK' (-speekO, v. t. {.pp. Bespoke, Bespo- 
ken-.] To speak for beforehand ; to forebode; to 
show. 

BE-.->PEAK'ER, n. One who bespeaks or orders. 

BE-SPEW (be-spuO, v. t. To foul with vomit. 

BE-SPIT,' v. t. To soil or daub with spittle. 

BE-SP6T', v. t. To mark with spots. 

BE-SPREAD' (be-sprid'), v. t. [_pp. Bespread.] To 
spread over ; to cover. [scatter over. 

BE-SPRIXK'LE (-sprlnk'kl), V. t. To sprinkle or 

BE-SPCT'TER, v. t. To daub or soil by sputtering. 

BEST, a. superlative. Most good, perfect, or ex- 
cellent, [most. 

BEST, n. The highest possible attainment; ut- 

BEST. ad. In the highest degree. 

BE-STaIN', v. t. To mark with stains. 

BE-STEAD', v. t. To dispose or place ; to profit 

BES'TIAL (best'yal), a. Belonging to or like a 
beast. — Syn. Beastly; brutal; filthy. 

BES-TIaL'1-T Y (best-yal'e-ty). n. The quality of 
a beast ; a crime of the utmost degeneracy from 
human nature. 

BES'TIAL-iZE, v. t. To make like a beast. 

BE-STICK', v. t. To stick over as with sharp points. 

BE-STiR' (17). V. t. To move quick ; to hasten. 

BE-SToW (-stoO, v. t. To give ; to confer ; to im- 
part; to give in marriage ; to apply; to lay out; 
to lav up ; to deposit. 

BE-SToW'AL, n. Act of bestowing ; disposal. 

BE-SToWER, n. One who bestows ; a giver. 

BE-SToWMEXT, n. Act of bestowing or giving ; 
that which is conferred. 

BE-STRaD'DLE, v. t. To bestride. 

BE-STBEYv ' (be-stru' or be-stro'), v. t. {pp. Be- 
strewed.] To scatter over ; to sprinkle. 

BE-STRlDE', v. t. Ipret. Bestsid; pp. Bestreo, 
Bestridden.] To stride over, extending the legs 
across. 

BE-STuD', v. t. To set or adorn with studs. 

BeT, n. The staking or pledging something to be 
won or lost on certain conditions; that which is 
laid or pledged in a contest; a wager; a stake. 

BeT, v. t. To lay a bet or wager ; to stake a wager. 

BE-TaKE', Ipret. Betook, Betaken.] A reflect- 
ive ve b usually followed by to ; as, he betook him- 
self to begging, i. e., had recourse, or resorted. 

Be'TEL (be'tl), n. A species of pepper chewed in 
the East. 

BE-THiXK', v. t. and i. Ipret. and^pp. Bethought.] 



To call to mind ; a reflective verb usually follow- 
ed by of; as, he bethought himself of his faults, 
i. e., brought himself to the thought of, or re- 
membered. 

BE-TIDE', v. t. ipret. Betid or Beteded; pp. Pe- 
tided.] To befall; to happen to; to come to; 
v. i. to come to pass ; to happen. 

■pT7 r rf\ri- ,/ y 

BE-TIMES' I a ^ m In good time; seasonably. 

BE-To'KEX (53) (be-to'kn), v. t. To foreshow by 
some sign or token. — Syn. To presage ; portend ; 
signify; denote. 

BeT'O-NY, n. A genus of bitter plants. 

BE-TOOK.' See Betake. 

BE-TRaY' (-tnY), v. t. To deliver up or disclose 
in violation of duty or trust : to expose what is 
meant to be concealed; to disclose; to show. 

BE-TRaY'AL, n. The act of betraying. [tor. 

BE-TEaY'ER, n. One who betravs or tells ; a trai- 

BE-TRaY'MENT,T n. Act of betraying; breach 

BE-TRaY'AL, j of trust, 

BE-TR6TH', v. t. To pledge in marriage ; to bring 
under a contract to marry ; to name to a bishop- 
ric, [of betrothing. 

BE-TRoTH'MEXT, n. Contract of marriage; act 

BE-TRuST', v. t. To intrust ; to put into power. 

BE-TRCST'MEXT, n. Act of intrusting; thing 
intrusted. 

BeT'TER, a. comparative. Having good qualities 
in a greater degree than another; improved; 
more advantageous. 

BeT'TER, n. A superior in rank, age, or office. 

BeT'TER, ad. In a more excellent manner; in a 
higher degree; rather. 

BeT'TER, v. t. To make better.— Syn. To im- 
prove ; mend : advance ; meliorate. 

BeT'TER-MEXT, n. Improvement on estates. 

BeT'TERS, n. pi. Superiors in age or qualities. 

BeT'TIXG, n. The laying of a wager. 

BeT'TOR, n. One that lays bets or wagers. 

BeT'TY, n. An instrument to break open doors. 

BE-TWEEN',) prep. In the middle or intermedi- 

BE-TWIXT', j ate space; from one to another; 
common to two. — Syn. Among. — Between (by- 
twairi) applies properly to two parties, as a quar- 
rel between two men, nations, &c. ; among (lit, 
mingled) always supposes more than two. Hence, 
it is a gross error to speak of dividing a thing 
among two persons. 

BeV'EL, n. The slant of a surface at an angle 
greater or less than a right angle; an instru- 
ment for determining angles, consisting of two 
rules opening by a joint ; a. having a bevel. 

BeY'EL, v. t. To form with a bevel or slant ; v. i. 
To slant or incline off. 

BeV'EL^D (b jv'eld), a. Cut to a bevel angle. 

BeY'EL-IXG, n. The forming of a bevel ; state of 
being beveled ; a. having a bevel or slant. 

BeY'ER-AgE, n. Drink ; liquor for drinking ; a 
treat in drink. 

B£Y'Y, n. Flock of birds ; brood ; company. 

BE-WaIL', v. t. To express deep sorrow for. — 
Syn. To lament; grieve for; bemoan. 

BE-\VaIL', v. i. To express grief; to lament. 

BE-WaIL'IXG. n. Lamentation. 

BE-WARE', v. i. To be cautious; to take care. 

BE-WIL'DER. v. t. To lead into perplexity or er- 
ror. — Syn. To puzzle; perplex; mislead; con- 
fuse; lead astray. 

BE-WiL'DER-MEXT, n. State of being bewilder- 
ed. 

BE-WiTCH', v. t. To charm ; to fascinate ; to af- 
fect strangely, as by the power ascribed to witch- 
es ; to please veiy much. 

BE-WiTCH'ER-Y, n. Fascination; charm. 

BE-WiTCHTXG,p2;-/\ or a. Charming; fascinat- 
ing; having power to charm, or please to excess. 

BE-WiTCH'IXG-LY, ad. In a fascinating man- 
ner. 

BE-WITCH'MEXT, n. Fascination ; a charming. 



dove, wolf, book ; rule, dull ; yi"cioes.— o as k : g as J ; s as z ; ch as su ; this. + Not English. 



BEW 



44 



BIL 



BE-WRaY' (be-raO, v. t. To betray; to disclose 
perfidiously. 

BEY (t»a), n. A Turkish governor. 

BE-YoND', prep. On the further side of; further 
onward than; in a degree exceeding; out of 
reach of. 

BE-Y6ND', ad. At a greater distance ; yonder. 

BkZ'EL, n. The part of a ring in which the stone 
is set. [stomach of goats. 

BE'ZoAR, n. A stone-like substance found in the 

Bi-aN g 'GU-LATE, \ a. Having two angles or 

Bi-aN g 'GU-La-TED,{" corners. 

Bi'AS, n. Originally, a weight on one side of a 
bowl, making it turn from a straight direction ; 
hence, a slant ; an undue tendency or inclination. 
— Syn. Bent; prejudice; prepossession. 

BIAS, v. t. To incline to one side ; to prepossess. 

BIB, 3 A cloth under the chins of infants. 

Bi-Ba'GIOUS (-bil'shus), a. Addicted to drinking. 

Bi-Ba'SI€, n. Having two chemical bases. 

BIB'BER, n. A drinker; tippler; drunkard. 

Bi'BLE, n. Literally, the book ; the volume that 
contains the Scriptures of the Old and New Testa- 
ment. 

BIB'LIO-AL, a. Of or relating to the Bible. 

BIB-LI-oG'RA-PHER, n. One who composes the 
history of books, or is versed in bibliography. 

BIB-LI-O-GRaPH'IC, \ a. Pertaining to the 

BIB-LI-0-GRAPH'I€-AL, J description or knowl- 
edge of books. 

BIB-LI-6G'RA-PHY, n. A history or account of 
books. [to books. 

BIB-LI-6T/A-TRY, n. Worship or homage paid 

BIB'LI-O-MAN-CY, n. Divination by opening the 
Bible. 

*BIB-LI-0-Ma'NI-A, n. [Or.-] Book madness; 
rage for possessing rare and curious books. 

BIB-LI-0-Ma'NI-A€, n. One who has a rage for 
books. [sion for books. 

BIB-LI-0-MA-Nl'A€-AL, a. Pertaining to a pas- 

BIB'LI-O-PHlLE, n. A great lover of books. 

BIB-LI-oP'O-LIST, n. A bookseller. 

BIB-LI-0-THE'€AL, a. Belonging to a library. 

BIB'LI-O-THEKE, n. A library. 

BiB'LIST, n. One conversant with the Bible. 

BIB'u-LOUS, a. That is apt to imbibe ; spongy. 

Bl-CAP'SU-LAR, a. In botany, having two cap- 
sules containing seeds to each floiver. 

BICE, n. A pale blue paint or pigment. [heads. 

Bi-CePH'A-LOUS (-sef'a-lus), a. Having two 

Bi-CiP'IT-AL, T a. Having two heads or ori- 

BY-CiP'IT-OUS,r gins. 

BiCK'ER, v. i. To dispute about trifles;' to have 
a tremulous motion. — Syn. To wrangle; scold; 
contend; quiver. [es. 

BICK'ER-ER, n. One who wrangles or skirmish- 

BICK'ER-ING, n. Wrangling contention; trem- 
ulous motion. 

Bi-€OL'ORjED, a. Of two colors. 

Bl-€fiRN ; OUS \ a ' Havin S two horns. 
Bl-€6R'PO-RAL, a. Having two bodies. 
Bi-€Ru'RAL, a. Having two legs. 

Bi^CS'PID-ATE, h a - Havi ^ two P° ints - 

BID, v. t. [pret. Bid, Bade; pp. Bid, Bidden.] To 
ask : to pronounce ; to offer, as a price ; to com- 

BID,-n. An offer of a price. [mand; to invite. 

BiD'DER, n. One who bids or offers a price. 

BID'DING, n. An offer of price or terms; invita- 
tion; direction. 

BiDE, v. i. To remain permanent. — Syn. To 
dwell; inhabit; continue. 

BIDE, v. t. To endure; to suffer; to wait for. 

Bi-DeNT'AL, a. Having two teeth. 

BI-DeT', n. A small horse or nag; a piece of 
chamber furniture for washing the body. 

Bi-eIS'NI-AL, a. Continuing two years; happen- 
ing once in two years ; used also as a noun. 

Bi-eN'NI-AL-LY, ad. Once in two years. 



BIeR (1:eer), n. A frame of wood for bearing the 
d_ead to the grave. 

BIES'TINGS (bees'tings), n. pi. The first milk of 
a cow. [faces alike. 

Bi-Fa'CIAL (bi-fa'shal), a. Having the opposite 

Bi-Fa'RI-OUS, a. Two-fold: pointing two ways. 

BIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing fruit twice a year. 

BI'FID, ) 

BiF'ID-ATE, }- a. Two-cleft ; divided. 

BiF'ID-A-TED,) 

Bl-FLo'ROUS, a. Bearing two flowers. 

Bi'FoLD, a. Two-fold ; double ; of two kinds. 

Bi-Fo'LI-ATE, a. Having two leaves. 

Bi'FORM, a. Having two forms or bodies. 

Bi-FoRM'I-TY, n. A double form. 

BI-FRoNT'ED (-frunt'ed), a. Having two fronts. 

BI-FuR'€ATE, {a. Forked; having two branch- 

Bi-FuR'€A-TED,j es. [two branches. 

Bi-FUR-€a'TION, n. A forking or division into 

BIG, a. Large ; swelled ; pregnant. 

BIG, n. A kind of barley. 

BIG'A-MIST, n. One who has committed bigamy. 

BIG'A-MY, n. The crime of having two wives or 
husbands at once. [ed petiole, as a leaf. 

BI-geM'IN-ATE, a. Twin-forked ; having a fork- 

BIG'GIN, n. A kind of cap used for a child ; in 
Scotland, a small building. [a rope. 

BIGHT (bite), n. A small bay; the bend or coil of 

BIG'NESS, n. Size; bulk; greatness of quantity. 

BIG'OT, n. One perversely devoted to a party, 
creed, sect, or practice ; an illiberal zealot. 

BIG'OT-ED, a. Unduly devoted; prejudiced; 
blindly zealous. 

BiG'O-TRY, n. Obstinate and unreasonable at- 
tachment to a party or to particular tenets ; blind 
zeal or prejudice. [jewel; a trinket. 

BI-JoU' (be-zhoo'), n. ; pi. Bi-jotjx'. [Fr.] A 

BI-JoU'TRY (be-zhoo'try), n. The making or 
dealing in jewels; jewelry. 

BI-Ju'GOUS, a. Having two pairs of leaflets. 

Bi-La'BI-ATE, a. Having two lips. 

Bi-LaM'EL-LATE, a. Having the form of a flat- 
ted sphere, longitudinally bifid. 

Bi-LaT'ER-AL, a. Having two sides. 

BIL'BER-RY, n. A shrub and its berry. 

BIL'BO, n. ; pi. Bil'does. A rapier ; a fine or 
choice sword. 

BIL'BoES (bil'boz), n. pi. A sort of stocks for the 
feet on board a ship to confine prisoners or of- 
fenders, [liver. 

BILE, n. A yellow bitter liquor secreted in the 

BiLgE, n. The protuberant part of a cask; the 
breadth of a ship's bottom. 

BiLgE, v. i. To suffer a fracture in the bilge or 
bottom. [hold. 

BiLgE'-WA-TER, n. Water lying in a ship's 

BIL'IA-RY (bil'ya-ry), ti. Belonging to the bile. 

BIL'INGS-GATE, n. Foul language ; ribaldry. 
[From the name of a fish-market in London.] 

BI-LIN G 'GUAL (-llng'gwal),) a. In two langua- 

BI-LiN G 'GUAR (-ling'gwar),j ges. 

Bl-LING G 'GUOUS, a. Having two tongues, or 
speaking two languages. 

BiL-IOUS (bil'yus), a. Pertaining to bile; disor- 
dered as to the bile. 

Bi-LIT'ER-AL, a. Consisting of two letters. 

BILK, v. t. To frustrate; to cheat; to defraud. 

BILL, n. The beak of a bird ; a hooked instrument 
for cutting ; a kind of battle-ax ; an account or 
statement of particulars, as goods; a note; draft 
of a law not enacted; exhibition of charges. — Bill 
of exchange, an order directing one party to pay 
money to another; bill of lading, a written ac- 
count of goods shipped, with terms of delivery; 
bill of sale, a writing given by the seller of per- 
sonal property to the buyer; bill of health, a cer- 
tificate as to the health of a ship's company. 

BILL, v. i. To kiss ; to caress ; to fondle. 

BILL'ET, n. A small letter; a ticket directing 
soldiers where to lodge ; a stick of wood. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maeine, died; move, 



BIL 



45 



BIT 



BILL'ET, v. t. To quarter soldiers ; to settle. 

•*\BiL'LET-DoUX (bil'le-doo), n. LFr.] A love- 
letter or note. [iards. 

BILLIARD, a. Pertaining to the game of bill- 

BILL'IARDS (bil'yardz), n. pi. A game with balls 
and sticks on a rectangular table. 

BILL'ING, n. Joining of bills; caressing. 

BiLL'ION (bil'yun), n. A million of millions. 

BILL'MaN, n. One who uses a bill or battle-ax. 

BiL'LoW (bil'lo), n. A large Avave or swell of the 

BiL'LoW. v. i. To swell into billows. [sea. 

BiL'LoW- Y (bU'lu-y), a. Swelling or roaring like 
a Arave ; full of billows. 

BILL'-STICK-ER, n. One employed to stick up 
bills in public places. 

lrL§B B lD|lobd)} «■ DMded int0 ^° l0beS - 

Bi-LoC'u-LAR, a. Containing two cells, as a pod. 

Bi-Ma'NOUS, a. Having two hands. 

Bi-MEN'SAL, a. Occurring once in two months. 

BIN, n. A box or compartment to hold grain or 

BIN'A-€LE. See Bi>tstacle. [other commodities. 

BI'NA-RY, a. Double ; composed of tAvo. 

BI'NaTE, a. Being double, or in couples. 

BIND, v. t. [pret. and pp. Bor>'r>.] To tie ; to con- 
fine ; to cover, as a book ; to gird ; to restrain ; to 
oblige ; to confirm ; to form a border round ; to 
make close or costive ; v. i. to contract, or grow 
hard, or tight ; to be obligatory. 

BIND, n. A stalk of hops. 

BlND'ER, n. One who binds books ; that which 
binds, as a fillet or band. 

BlXD'ER-Y, n. A place for binding books. 

BlXD'ING, a. Making costive; that obliges; ob- 
ligatory. 

BINDING, n. A bandage; the cover of a book. 

BIN'NA-€LE, n. A Avooden box for holding the 
compass of a ship. 

Bi-NOC'u-LAR, a. "With or adapted to both eyes ; 
having or using two eyes. 

BI-No'MI-AL, X a. Consisting of two names or 

Bl-NoM'IN-OUS,] members. 

Bi-No'MI-AL, n. An algebraical root consisting 
of t'A-o members connected by^ZtfS or minus. 

Bi-oG'RA-PHER, n. A writer of a person's life 

Bi-O-GRaPH 

BI-O-GRaPH 
to biography 

Bi-6G'RA-PHY, n. A history of the life and 
character of any person. 

BI-oL'O-gY, n. The science of life. 

BIP'A-ROUS, a. Producing two at a birth. 

Bi-PaRTT-BLEJ a. That may be divided into 

BIP'AR-TILE, j two parts. 

BIP'AR-TITE, a. Divided into two parts, as a leaf. 

Bi-PaR-Ti"TION (-tlsh'un), n. The act of divid- 
ing into tAvo parts. [human being. 

Bi'PED, n. An animal having only tAvo feet; a 

BIP'E-DAL, a. Having two feet. 

Bl-PLN'NATE, a. Having two wings. 

Bi-PkT'AL-OUS, a. Consisting of two flower 
leaves; having two petals. 

Bi-PIN'NATE, a. Having pinnate leaves on each 
side of the petiole. 

BI-QUAD'RATE, n. The fourth power, in math- 
ematics, arising from the multiplication of a 
square by itself. [power. 

Bi-QUAD-RaT'IC, a. Relating to the fourth 

Bi-Ra'DI-ATE, a. Having two rays, as a fin. 

BIRCH (IT), n. The name of a tree of several spe- 
cies ; a rod or twig for chastisement. 

BiRCH, X a. Consisting of birch ; made of 

BiRCH'EN,] birch. 

BiRD (17), n. Properly, the young of fowls, but in 
modern use, any fowl or flying animal. 

BiRD'-BoLT (IT), n. An arrow, blunt at the end, 
for the purpose of shooting birds. 

BiRD'-CagE (IT), n. A cage to keep birds in. 

BiRD'-CALL (IT), n. An instrument for calling 
birds. 



['I€, \ a. Pertaining to the his- 
['IC-AL, j tory of a person' s life, or 



BiRD'-LiME, n. A glutinous substance used for 
catching birds. [a flying bird abo\'e. 

BiRD$'-ETE, a. Noting a vieAv taken, as if by 

BiRDS'E vE-Ma'PLE, n. A kind of maple having 
spots like the eye of a bird. 

BiRD'S'NEST, n. A nest in which birds lay esrgs. 

BIRD'-WIT-TED, a. Not having the faculty of 
attention. 

Bi-ReME', n. A vessel with two banks of oars. 

BiRG'AN-DER, n. A species of Avild goose. 

BiRTH (IT), n. The act of coming into life ; lin- 
eage ; origin. 

BiRTH. See Beeth. 

BiRTH'DAY, n. The day of one's birth, or the 
same day of the month in every succeeding year. 

BIRTH'-PLaCE, n. The tOAvn or place whtre one 
is born. _ [birth. 

BiRTH'-RlGHT (-rite), n. A right derived from 

BIS'CUIT (bis'kit), n. A kind of hard bread; a 
cake variously made. 

Bi-S£CT', v. t. To divide into two equal parts. 

Bi-SeCTION (-sck'shun), n. A di\-ision of any 
line or quantity into tAvo equal parts. 

BI-SeG'MENT, n. One of the parts of a line di- 
vided into two equal parts. 

BI-S£X'u-AL, a. Of both sexes. 

BISH'OP, n. An overseer. In the primitive 
church, a spiritual overseer ; a prelate or per- 
son consecrated for the spiritual government of 
a diocese. [church. 

BISH'OP, v. t. To confirm; to admit to the 

BISH'OP-RIC, n. A diocese; the jurisdiction of 
a bishop. 

BIS'MUTH (biz'muth), n. A metal of yellowish 
or reddi?h-Avhite color, and lamellar texture. 

BIS'MUTH-AL, a. Consisting of bismuth. 

Bi'SON. n. A Avild quadruped of the bovine kind. 

BIS-SeX'TiLE, n. Leap-year; every fourth year, 
in which a day is added to the month of Februaiy. 

BIS'TER,} n. A paint of deep brown color, made 

BIS'TREJ of soot. [knife. 

BIS'T6U-RY (bis'tu-ry), n. A surgeon's incision- 

Bl-SuL'COUS, a. Having cloven hoofs. 

BIT, n. The iron mouth-piece of a bridle ; a mor- 
sel; a small piece or portion of any thing; a 
small coin Avorth ten or twelve cents ; an instru- 
ment for boring wood. 

BIT, v. t. To put a bit in the mouth ; to check. 

BITCH, n. The female of canine animals. 

BITE, v. t. ipret. Bit ; pp. Bit, Bit'te>\] To seize 
with the teeth ; to crush or break with the teeth ; 
to give pain, as cold; to enter and hold, as an 
anchor ; to reproach ; to cheat. 

BITE, n. Act of biting ; wound made by teeth ; 
thing bitten off; a morsel; a trick. 

BlT'ER, n. One that bites ; a sharper. 

BIT'ING, a. Seizing, as if AA-ith the teeth ; sharp ; 
severe; sarcastic. 

BiT'ING-LY, ad. In a sarcastic manner. 

BIT'TA-CLE. See Bi^xacle. [with the teeth. 

BIT'TEN (bit'tn), pp. or a. Seized or wounded 

BIT'TEE, a. Having a hot, acrid taste ; exceed- 
ingly painful to the mind ; expressing great mis- 
ery. — Syn. Sharp; severe; cruel; calamitous; 
poignant; reproachful. 

BIT'TER-ISH, a. Somewhat bitter. [ness. 

BiT'TER-ISH-NESS, n. A small degree of bitter- 

BIT'TER-LY, ad. Sharply; cruelly; severely. 

BIT'TERN, n. The name of a water-fov, 1 ; in salt- 
works, a bitter liquid Avhich remains after the 
salt is concreted. [tred. 

BIT'TER-NESS, n. A bitter taste ; extreme ha- 

BIT'TERS, n. pi. Bitter vegetables, or an infu- 
sion of bitter herbs or roots. 

BITTS, n. pi. Timbers to Avhich the cable is fast- 
ened Avhen a ship rides at anchor. 

BI-TuM£T>' (-tumdO, a. Smeared with bitumen. 

BI-Tu'MEN, n. The name of various inflammable 
substances of a strong smell, as mineral pitch 
and tar, petroleum, &c. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; v!"cioes. — e asK; g as j ; $ as z ; en as sn; tiiis. + Not English. 



BIT 



46 



BLA 



Bi-Tn'MIN-ATE,? v. t. To impregnate with bi- 

Bt-TO'MIN-IZE, f tumen. 

Bx-Tu-MI-NiF'ER-OUS, a. Yielding bitumen. 

Bf-Tu'MIN-OUS, a. Containing or like bitumen. 

Bi' VALVE, n. An animal or shell of two valves. 

Bi'VALVE, i a. Having two valves which 

Bi-VALV'u-LAR, /- open and shut, as the oys- 

BI-VALV'OUS, ) ter. 

BI-VeN'TRAL, a. Having two bellies. 

BiV'I-OUS, a. Having or leading two ways. 

BiV'OUAC (biv'wak), n. [Fr.] Watch or guard of 
a whole army, or an encampment without tents. 

BIVOUAC, v. i. To pass the night without tents, 
as an army on guard. 

Bi-ZaRRE' (be-ziirO, a. LFr.] Odd ; fantastic ; ex- 
travagant ; whimsical. 

BLAB, v. t. To tell a secret ; to divulge thought- 
lessly; v. ?". to tattle. 

BLAB, n. Tattle; one who blabs; a tell-tale. 

BLAB'BER, n. A tell-tale ; babbler. 

BLACK, a. Destitute of light; dark; cloudy; 
mournful; dismal. 

BLACK, n. An African ; darkest color. 

BLACK, v. t. To make black ; to blacken. 

BLACK'A-MOOR, n. A black or colored man. 

BLACK'XRT, n. Conjuration ; magic ; necro- 
mancy. 

BLACK'BALL, n. A composition for blacking 
shoes ; a ball of a black color used as a negative 
in voting. 

BLACK'BALL, v. t. To reject by black ballots. 

BLACK'BER-RY, n. The fruit of the bramble. 

BLACK'BiRD, n. In England, a black singing- 
bird ; in America, the grackle and other varieties. 

BLACK'BoARD, n. Aboard used in schools, &c, 
for writing or drawing lines for instruction. 

BLACK'-CAT-TLE, n. In England, oxen, cows, 
and bulls, of any color. 

BLACK'COCK, n. A fowl of the grouse kind. 

BLACK-COR'RANT, n. A very small kind of 
grape imported dry from Zante. 

BLACK'JEN (blak'kn), v. t. To make black ; to de- 
fame ; v. i. to grow black. 

BLACK'FISH, n. A kind of fish found on the 
shores of New England. [of monks. 

BLACK'FRI-AR, n.. One of the Dominican order 

BLACK'GUaRD (blak'gard), n. A person of foul 
language ; v. t. to revile in scurrilous language ; 
a. scurrilous; abusive. [guard. 

BLaCK'GUaRD-ISM, n. The conduct of a black- 

BLACK'ING, n. A substance for blacking shoes 
or other articles. 

BLACK'ISH, a. Somewhat black. 

BLACK'JACK, n. A name for an ore of zinc; a 
leathern cup. 

BLACK'-LeAD (-led), n. An improper name of 
plumbago, as it contains no lead. 

BLACK'LEG, n. A term applied to gamblers. 

BLACK'-LeT-TER, n. The old English or mod- 
ern Gothic letter or character; a. written or 
printed in black letter. 

BLACK'LY,_a& Darkly; atrociously. 

BLACK'-MaIL (blSk'-male), n. Money extorted 
under pretense of protecting or exempting from 

BLACK'-MoN'DAY, n. Easter Monday in 34 Ed. 
III., which was so cold that men died on horse- 
back. 

BLACK'NESS, n. Black color; darkness; atro- 
ciousness ; enormity in wickedness, [and grain. 

BLACK'-PUD-DING, n. A pudding made of blood 

BLACK'-ROD, n. [Eng.] The usher who carries 
the black rod at assemblies of the order of the 
garter, and in Parliament. 

BLACK'SMITH, n. A person who works in iron. 

BLACK'-THoRN, n. The sloe-tree. 

BLAD'DER, n. A vessel containing some liquid in 
the body, as urine, bile. 

BLAD'DER-Y, a. Containing or like bladders. 

BLaDE, n. A spire or leaf of grass- the cutting 



part of a sword, knife, or other flattened instru- 
ment ; gay person ; flat part of an oar. 

BLaDE'-BoNE, n. The shoulder-blade, scapula, 
or flat bone of the shoulder. 

BLaD'ED, a. Having blades. 

BLaIN, n. A boil ; blister ; blotch ; ulcer. 

BLaM'A-BLE, a. Deserving of blame. — Syn. Cul- 
pable; faulty; censurable. 

BLaM'A-BLE-NESS, n. Faultiness; culpableness. 

BLaM'A-BLY, ad. In a manner deserving blame. 

BLaME, v. t. To censure ; to find fault with. 

BLaME, n. Fault ; that which deserves censure. 
— Syn. Reproach; condemnation; reprehension; 
crime ; fault. -J-The phrase to blame means wor- 
thy of blame. 

BLaME'FUL, a. Faulty; censurable. 

BLaME'LESS, a. Without fault— Syn. Innocent ; 
guiltless; faultless; spotless; irreproachable. 

BLaME'LESS-LY, ad. Innocently; without fault. 

BLaME'LESS-NESS, n. Innocence; harmlessness. 

BLaME-WOR'THI-NESS, n. The quality of de- 
serving censure. 

BLaME^WoR-THY, a. Deserving of blame. 

BLANC'ARD, n. A linen cloth. 

BLANCH (6), v. t. To take the color out and make 
white; to skin almonds; to obliterate. 

BLANCH, v. i. To evade ; to shift. 

BLANCHED (blancht), pp. or a. Whitened ; hav- 
ing the color taken out. 

BLANCH'ER, n. One who blanches. 

BLANC-MANgE', \ (blo-monjeO, n. [Fr. blana 

BLANC-MXNGER',f manger.] In cookery, a 
preparation of isinglass or Iceland moss, milk, 
sugar, cinnamon, &c, boiled. 

BLAND, a. Marked by mildness or courtesy. — 
Syn. Courteous; soft; mild; gentle. [speech. 

BLAND-iL'O-QUENCE, n. Fair, mild, flattering 

BLAND'ISH, v. t. To smooth ; to wheedle ; to 
flatter. 

BLAND'ISH-ER, n. One who flatters and soothes. 

BLAND'ISH-MENT, n. Kind words; flattery; 
winning expressions or actions. 

BLAND'NESS, n. State of being bland. 

BLANK, a. White; pale; unwritten; dejected. 

BLANK, n. Void space; unwritten paper; a lot 
by which nothing is gained ; disappointment. 

BLANK, v. t. To make void ; to damp ; to confuse. 

BLANK'ET, n. A woolen covering for a bed. 

BLANK'ET, v. t. To toss in a blanket ; to cover 
with a blanket. 

BLANK'ET-ING, n. Cloth for blankets; tossing 
in a blanket. 

BLANK'LY, ad. In a blank manner; palely. 

BLANK'NESS, n. Paleness; wanness; confusion. 

BLANK'-VERSE, n. Any kind of verse in which 
there is not rhyme. 

BLXR'NEY, n. Smooth, deceitful talk ; flattery. 
[Irish.'] _ 

BLAS-PHEME', v. t. To revile or speak wickedly 
of God ; to curse or speak reproachfully of. 

BLAS-PHeME', v. i. To utter blasphemy. 

BLAS-PHeM'ER, n. A person who reviles God. 

BLAS'PHE-MOUS, a. Full of blasphemy. 

BLAS'PHE-MOUS-LY, ad. In a blasphemous way. 

BLAS'PHE-MY, n. Contemptuous or irreverent 
words uttered impiously against God. 

BLAST (6), n. A gust of wind ; sound by blowing ; 
blight; explosion of powder; one smelting of ore. 

BLAST, v. t. To cause to wither or fail ; to blight ; 
to disappoint ; to destroy ; to split with powder. 

BLAST'ER, n. He or that which blasts. 

BLASTING, n. The act of blasting; a blast; de- 
struction ; explosion. 

BLa'TANT, a. Bellowing as a calf; noisy. 

BLaZE, v. i. To flame ; to show a bright light; to 
be conspicuous. 

BLaZE, v. t. To set a white mark on a tree by 
paring off part of the bark ; to make public ; to 
blazon. 

BLaZE, n. The light of a flame ; a white spot, as 



X, e, &c, long.— a, e, &c, short. — case, pae, last, fall, what; tueke, tekm; marine, bird; move, 



BLA 



47 



BLO 



on a tree by chipping off the bark, or on a horse's 
forehead.— Syn. Flame. — A blaze and a. flame are 
both produced by burning gas, but the former 
gives light and the latter heat — the one shines 
and the other burns. [the bark. 

BLXZED (blazd), a. Marked, as a tree by cutting 

BLaZ'ER, n. A spreader or publisher of reports. 

BLaZ'ING, ppr. or a. Flaming; publishing far 
and wide ; emitting light or flame. [comet. 

BLaZ'ING-STaR, n. The popular name of a 

BLa'ZON (blii'zn), v. t. To explain the terms on 
ensigns armorial ; to adorn; to display; to blaze 
abroad. 

BLa'ZON (bla'zn), ft. The act or art of heraldry; 
publication ; pompous display. 

BLa'ZON-ER, n. One who blazons ; a propagator 
of scandal. 

BLa'ZON-RY (bla'zn-ry), ft. The art of describing 
coats of arms in terms. 

BLEACH, v. t. To whiten ; to make white by re- 
moving colors ; v. i. to grow white. 

BLEACHED (bleecht), pp. or a. Whitened ; de- 
prived of its color. [cloth. 

BLeACH'ER, ft. One whose business is to whiten 

BLeACH'ER- Y, ft. A place for bleaching. 

BLeACH'ING, ft. Act of whitening. 

BLEAK (bleek), a. Open ; exposed to a free cur- 
rent of air ; hence, cold, as a bleak hill. 

BLEAK (bleek), n. A small species of river fish ; 
called also May. 

BLEAK'LY, ad. Coldly ; in a bleak situation. 

BLeAK'NESS, n. Exposedness to the wind ; cold- 
ness, [rheum. 

BLeAR (bleer), a. Dim (as eyes) with watery 

BLEAR, v. t. To make the eyes watery or sore. 

BLeAR'Ey2?D (-ide), a. Having watery or red 
eyes. 

BLeAT (bleet), v. i. To cry like a sheep. 

"DT p A T* > 

BLEAT'ING I n * The cry of a sliee P or S oat - 

BLEED, v. t. ' To let blood ; to take blood by open- 
ing a veifi. 

BLEED, p. i. tpret. and pp. Bled.] To lose or let 
blood ; hence to ooze or drop, as sap from a plant, 
and hence to yield up or give money, as, he bleeds 
freely. [cet. 

BLEEDING, n. A letting of blood with the lan- 

BLEM'ISH, v. t. To deform; to mark; to hurt; 
to garnish, as reputation or character. 

BLEM'ISH, n. A deformity ; any defect or injury 
that diminishes beauty. — Syn. Flaw ; speck ; 
fault; disgrace; taint; dishonor. 

BLENCH, v. i. To shrink ; to start back ; v. t. to 
render ineffectual. 

BLENCH, ft. A start or shrinking back. 

BLEND, v. t. To mix intimately ; to confound in 
a mass. 

BLENDE, n. An ore of zinc, being its sulphuret. 

BLENT, n. The obsolete participle of bUnd. 

BLESS, v. t. ipret. and pp. Blessed, Blest]. To 
give success to ; to make happy ; to invoke bless- 
ings on ; to glorify. 

BLESS'ED, a. Happy; prosperous; full of felici- 
tv; enjoying divine favor. 

BLESS'ED-NESS, ft. Exalted enjoyment. — Syn. 
Felicity; happiness; content; joy. 

BLESS'ING, ft. Benediction; invocation of happi- 
ness ; benefit ; advantage ; divine favor. 

BLiGHT (blite), n. A disease incident to plants ; 
any thing nipping or blasting. [blast. 

BLIGHT (blite), v. t. To affect with blight ; to 

BLIGHT'ED (bll'ted), a. Blasted ; frustrated. 

BLiGHT'ING, a. Blasting ; frustrating. 

BLIND, a. Destitute of sight; dark; obscure; 
weak ; inconsiderate. 

BLIND, v. t. To darken ; to stop the sight. 

BLIND, rt Any thing that intercepts the sight. 

BLiND'FoLD, a. Having the eyes covered. 

BLiND'FoLD, v. t. To cover the eyes ; to deprive 
of sight ; to hinder from seeing. 



] BLIND'LY, ad. Without sight; tamely; without 
judgment; implicitly. 
BLIND-MAN'S-BUFF, ft. A play in which a per- 
son blindfolded hunts out the rest of the company. 
BLlND'NESS, ft. A want of sight ; ignorance. 
BLIND'SIDE, ft. The side most assailable; a 
weakness ; a foible. 
! BLINK (66), v. i. To wink; to shut; to close; to 
J see darkly ; v. t. to shut out of sight ; to avoid. 
■ BLINK, ft. Glimpse ; a glance ; a dazzling v.hite- 
I ness. 

: BLINK'ARD, n. A person that has weak eyes. 
I BLINK'ER*, n. pi. Blinds for horses. 
j BLINK'ING. ppr. or a. Winking ; twinkling. 
BLISS, n. Happiness in the highest degree. — Syn. 

Blessedness; felicitv; gratitude. 
BLISS'FUL, a. Very happy; blessed; full of joy. 
BLISS'FUL-NESS, n. Exalted happiness; felicity. 
BLIS'TER, n. A wateiy rising in the skin. 
BLIS'TER, v. i. To rise in blisters ; v. t. to raise a 

blister on. 
BLiTHE, a. Gay; merry; sprightly. 
I BLITHF'FFT 1 
i BLlTHE'S6ME,r * Gay; j ° y0US; merry 

BLITHE'LY, ad. In a joyful manner. 
I BLlTHE'SOME-NESS, n. Gayety ; joyousness. 
1 BLoAT, v. t. To cause to swell or make turgid; 
to inflate ; to dry by smoke ; v. i. to grow puffy ; 
to grow turgid ; to dilate. 
i BLoAT'ED, a. Puffed; swelled; made turgid. 
\ BLoB'BER-LIP, n. A thick lip. [lips. 

BLoB'BER-LIPP-ED (-lipt), a. Having thick 
BL6CK, n. A heavy piece of wood, stone, &c. ; 
the wood on which criminals are decapitated ; a 
pulley or its frame-work ; an obstruction or hin- 
derance ; a blockhead ; a continuous row of build- 
ings. 
BL6CK, v. t. To shut or stop up ; to obstruct. 
BLOCK- aDE', n. A siege which cuts off commu- 
nication. 
BLOCK-aDE', v. t. To surround with a force of 

troops or ships ; to deny access to. 
BLoCK'HEAD (-hSd), n. A stupid or dull person. 
BLoCK -HOUSE, n. A small fortress of timber. 
BLoCK'ISH, a. Dull; deficient in understanding. 
BL6CK'ISH-NESS, n. Stupidity; dullness. 
BLoCK'-TIN, n. Pure tin as cast in blocks or 

ingots. 
BLoM'A-RY (bloom'-), n. The first forge for iron. 
BLONDE, n. A person of fair complexion, with 

light hair_and blue eyes. 
BLoND'-LaCE, n. Lace made of silk. 
BLOOD (bind), n. The fluid which circulates in 
the arteries and veins of animals; a family; 
race ; life ; choice pedigree in animals ; death ; 
rake ; guilt ; punishment for shedding blood. 
BLOOD (blud), v. t. To stain with or let blood. 
BLOOD'-FLOW-ER, n. The plant hcemanthus. 
BLOOD'-GUILT-I-NESS (-gilt-e-ness), n. The 

guilt or crime of shedding blood unlawfully. 
BLOOD'-HEAT, ft. The natural temperature of 
blood. [dog of keen scent. 

BLOOD'-HOUND (blud'-), ft. A large hunting- 
BLOOD'I-LY (blud'-), ad. In a bloody manner ; 
cruelly; maliciouslv. [elty. 

BLOOD'1-NESS (blud'-), ft. A bloodv state; cru- 
BLOOD'LESS (blud'-), a. Destitute of blood ; in- 
nocent, [color. 
BLOOD'-ROOT, ft. A plant so named from its 
BLOOD'SHED, n, The shedding of blood. 
BLOOD'SHOT, a. Red and inflamed by turgid 
blood-vessels. [blood. 
BLOOD'-STaIN^D (bliid'stand), a. Stained with 
BLOOD'-SUCK-ER, ft. An animal that sucks 
blood ; a leech ; a cruel oppressor. [blood. 
BLOOD'THIRST-I-NESS, ft. Disposition to shed 
BLOOD'-THIRST-Y (blud'-), a. Desirous to shed 

blood. 
BLOOD'-YES-SEL, ft. An artery or vein. 
BLOOD'-WARM, a. Warm as blood. 



dove, wolf, booe: ; hole, bull ; vi ciocs. — G as e ; € as 



ch as sh ; this. * Xot English. 



BLO 



43 



BOA 



BLoOD'Y (bliid'y), a. Stained with blood ; mur- 

BLoOD'Y, v. t. To stain with blood. [derous. 

BLoOD'Y-FLuX, n. The dysentery. 

BLOOD'Y-MTND-ED, a. Inclined to bloody deeds. 
— Syn. Cruel; barbarous; horrid. 

BLOOM, n. The blossom or flower of a tree or 
plant; the opening of flowers; a state of beauty 
and promise, as of youth ; the soft tint upon ripe 
fruits, as plums, &c. ; a mass of iron that has un- 
dergone the first hammering. 

BLOOM, v. i. To yield blossoms ; to flourish. 

BLOOM'A-RY, n. The first forge for iron. 

BLOOM'ING, ppr. or a. Opening its blossoms; 
thriving with youth and health. 

BLOOM'Y, a. Full of bloom ; flowery ; flourishing. 

BLoS'SOM, n. The flower of trees or plants. 

BLoS'SOM, v. i. To put forth blossoms. 

BLoS'SOM-ING, ppr. or a. Opening its flowers; 
blowing; n. the flowering of plants. 

BLoT, v. t. To spot with ink ; hence to obliterate ; 
to dishonor. — Syn. To blur ; stain ; efface. 

BL6T, n. A blur; spot; stain; disgrace. 

BLoTCH, n. An inflamed spot on the skin. 

BLoT'TER, n. One that blots ; a waste-book. 

BLOUSE, \ n. A light, loose garment like a frock- 

BLOW$E,j coat. [a flower or blossom. 

BLo W, n. A stroke ; a gale of wind ; egg of a fly ; 

BLoW (bio), v. i. ipret. Blew; pp. Blown.] To 
make a current of air; to pout or puff; to sound; 
to blossom ; v. t. to drive by a current of air ; to 
fan ; to sound a wind instrument ; to inflate ; to 
deposit eggs, as flies; to shape glass by blowing; 
to burst or scatter. [creases a current of air. 

BLoW'ER, n. One who blows; that which in- 

BLo W'PiPE, n. A tube with a small orifice for 
blowing an intense flame on any substance. 

BLoWTH, n. Bloom ; blossoms in general ; state 
of blossoming. 

BLOWZE, n. A ruddy, fat-faced woman. 

BLOWZY, a. Ruddy; fat and ruddy-faced. 

BLuB'BER, n. The fat of whales; sea-nettle; a 
bubble. [the cheeks. 

BLuB'BER, v. i. To weep with sobs, so as to swell 

BLuD'gEON (blud'jun), n. A short stick, with 
one end loaded and heavier than the other ; a 
thick stick or club. [depressing. 

BLuE (blii), a. Of the color of blue ; low-spirited ; 

BLuE (blti), n. One of the seven primary colors. 
It is of various shades, as sky-blue, indigo-blue, 

BLuE, v. t. To dye or stain blue. [&c. 

BLuE'-BOOK, n. A book that gives the names 
of the various officers of government. 

BLuE'-BoT-TLE, n. A plant ; a fly with a large 
blue belly. 

BLuE'-DfiV-ILS (blu'-dev-vlsU n. pi Extreme 

BLuES, f lowness of spir- 

its. 

BLuE'-LIGHT (-lite), n. A composition burning 
with a blue flame, used in ships as a signal. 

BLuE'LY, ad. With a blue color. [blue. 

BLuE'NE_SS (blu'ness), n. The quality of being 

BLuE'-Pk-TER, n. A signal-flag for sailing, &c. 

BL0E'~ST6CK-ING, n. A literary lady. 

BL5FF, a. Big; surly; blustering. 

BLuFF, n. A steep bank, or high, bold shore. 

BLuFF'NESS, n. The quality of being bluff. 

BLuF'FY, a. Abounding in bluffs. 

BLu'ING, n. The art of giving a blue color; that 
which gives a blue color. 

BLu'ISH, a. Inclined to blue; rather blue. 

BLuN'DER, v. i. To mistake grossly; to floun- 
der ; to stumble. 

BLuN'DER, n. A gross mistake. — Syn. Error; 
mistake ; bull. — An error is a wandering from the 
right ; a mistake is the wu's-taking of one thing for 
another, through haste, &c. ; a blunder {literally 
flounder) is something more gross, a floundering 
on through carelessness, ignorance, or stupidity. 
An error may be corrected ; a mistake may be rec- 
tified; a blunder is always blamed or laughed at. 



A bull is a verbal blunder containing a laughable 
incongruity of ideas. 
BLuN'DER-BUSS, n. A short gun with a large 

bore ; a stupid, blundering fellow. 
BLuN'DER-ER, \ n. A stupid man ; one who 
BLuN'DER-HeAD,J commits blunders. 
BLuN'DER-ING, a. Mistaking grossly; stum- 
bling, [ner. 
BLuN'DER-ING-LY, ad. In a blundering man- 
BLuNT, a. With worn or thick point or edge ; 

dull ; rough ; impolite ; plain. 
BLuNT, v. t. To dull the edge or point; to make 

less keen or active. 
BLuNT'ED, pp. or a. Made dull ; impaired. 
BLuNT'NESS, n. A want of edge; rudeness; 
coarseness of address. [scurity. 

BLuR, n. A blot; spot; stain; imperfection; ob- 
BLuR, v. t. To obscure; to blot; to stain; to ef- 
face ; to blemish. 
BLuRT, v. t. To throw out at random or unad- 
visedly; to utter inadvertently. 
BLuSH, v. i. To redden in the face ; to be sudden- 
ly suffused with a red color in the cheeks. 
BLuSH, n. A reddish color on the cheek, arising 

from some emotion. 
BLuSH'FUL, a. Full of blushes. 
BLuSH'ING, ppr. or a. Reddening in the face or 
cheek ; exhibiting blushes ; red; reddish ; modest. 
BLuSH'ING-, n. The appearance of color on the 

cheeks ; the act of showing blushes. 
BLuSH'INGr-LY, ad. In a blushing manner. 
BLtrSH'LESS, a. Past blushing; impudent. 
BLuS'TER, v. i. To be loud and violent ; to roar ; 
to bully ; to swagger. [lence ; boisterousness. 

BLuS'TER, n. A roar; tumult; boast; turbu- 
BLuS'TER-ER, n. A swaggerer ; a bully ; a tur- 
bulent boaster. [noisy ; boastful ; bullying. 
BLuS'TER-ING,.ppr. or a. Roaring; swaggering; 
BLuS'TER-ING, n. Noisy pretension. 
BLuS'TROUS, a. Noisy; tumultuous; rough. 
Bo'A, n. A genus of serpents ; a fur tippet. 
BoAR, n. A he-swine. 

BoARD, n. A piece of timber sawed thin and 
broad ; a table ; food ; diet ; a body of men who 
jnanage some concern ; deck of a ship. 
BoARD (borde), v. t. To lay, fence, or cover with 
boards ; to enter a ship by force ; to furnish with 
_daily food ; v. i. to receive food or take meals. 
BoARD'ED, pp. or a. Covered with boards ; fur- 
nished with daily food; entered by force, as a 
_ship. 
BoARD'ER, n. One who takes his meals at an- 
other's table for pay ; one who enters a ship by 
_force. 
BoARD'ING, ppr. or a. Furnishing or receiving 
diet ; entering by force ; n. act of boarding ; diet. 
BoARD'ING-SCHOOL, n. A school, the scholars 

of which board with the teacher. 
BoARD'-Wa-gE$, n. Wages allowed to servants 
^or boarding themselves, [gish; brutal; rough. 
BoAR'ISH, a. Like a boar. — Syn. Rude; hog- 
BoAST, v. i. To speak highly or ostentatiously of 
what belongs to one's self; v. t. to exult or be 
confident in. — Syn. To glory ; vaunt ; exult ; 
brag. [boasting. 

BoAST, n. A proud speech ; a vaunting ; cause of 
BoAST'ER, n. One who boasts ; a braggart. 
BoAST'FUL, a. Given to boasting ; vain ; osten- 
tatious. " [ing; glorying; swaggering; brag. 
BoAST'ING, n. The act of boasting.— Syn. Vaunt- 
BoAST'ING-LY, ad. In a boasting manner. 
BoAT (bote), n. A small open vessel usually moved 

by oars. 
BoAT T v. t. To convey or transport in a boat. 
EoAT'A-BLE (bo'ta-bl), a. Navigable with boats. 
BoAT'-HOOK, n. A pole armed with a hook and 

point, to' push or pull a boat. 
BoAT'ING, ppr. or a. Conveying or sailing in a 
boat ; n. the art or practice of sailing or transport- 
ing in boats. 



a, e, &c, long. — 1, S, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; theke, teem; maeine, eied; move, 



BOA 



49 



BON 



BoAT'MAN, n. A manager of a boat. 

BOAT'SWAIN (familiarly, bo'sn), n. One who 
has charge of a ship's boats, rigying, colors, &c. 

BOB, n. Any thing that moves loosely, or with a 
jerk; a, short jerking motion; the pendant or 
bait for fishing; the ball of a 6hort pendulum. 

BOB, v. i. To move loosely with jerking; to fish 
for eels with a bob; v. t. to move with a jerking 
action; to cut short; to mock. 

BOB'BIN, n. A small piece of wood on which 
thread is wound for making lace ; a spool. 

BOB'O-LINK, n. The popular name of the rice- 
bird. 

BOB'TaIL, n. A tail shortened or cut short. 

BoB'WIG, n. A short wig. [baize or drugget. 

BoCK'ING, n. A particular kind of cloth, like 

BODE, v. t. To presage ; to foreshow; to portend ; 
v. i. to foreshow ; to presage ; n. an omen ; a stop. 

BOD'iCE (bod'is), n. A sort of stays for women. 

BODTA'D (bod'id), a. Having a body. 

BOD'I-LESS, a. Void of body; spiritual. 

BOD'I-LY, a. Of or relating to the body. 

BOD'I-LY, ad. Corporeally; completely. 

BoD'ING, a. Foreshowing; presaging. 

BOD'KIN, n. A pointed instrument for piercing 
holes; a large blunt needle. 

BOD'Y, v. t. To produce in some form. 

BOD'Y, n. ; pi. Bod'ies. The whole trunk of an 
animal or tree ; person ; matter opposed to spir- 
it; main part; mass; spirit in liquors; a sys- 
tem ; a number of troops ; a corporation. 

BOD'Y-CLOTHES, n. pi. Clothing for the body 
or for a horse. 

BOD'Y-GUaRD, n. A guard of the person. 

BOG, n. A fen or morass; a clump of grass or 
sod in a morass; v. t. to plunge, as in mud. 

BOG'GLE, v. i. To doubt; to hesitate; to stop; 
v. t. to perplex. 

BOG'GLER, n. One that doubts or hesitates. 

BOG'GY, a. Marshy; swampy; fenny. 

BOG'GLE i n * A s P ecter '■> a hugbear. 

BOG'-ORE, n. Iron ore found in swamps and 
marshes. 

BOG'-SPAV-IN, n. An encysted tumor on the in- 
side of a horse's hoof. [country. 

BOG'-TROT-TER, n. One who lives in a boggy 

BO-HeA' (bo-he'), n. A species of black tea. 

BOI'AR. See Boy'ab. 

BOIL, n. An angry, sore tumor. 

BOIL, v. i. To be agitated by heat ; to be in boil- 
ing water ; to effervesce ; v. t. to cook in boiling 
water; to seethe ; to prepare or affect by boiling. 

BOIL.ED (boild), pp. or a. Dressed in boiling wa- 
ter; subjected to the process of boiling. 

BOIL'ER, n. A vessel in which any thing is boiled; 
a person who superintends boiling. 

BOIL'ER- Y, n. A place for boiling salt. 

BOIL'ING, ppr. or a. Dressing or cooking in hot 
water ; bubbling ; n. the act of boiling ; ebulli- 
tion, [a liquid boils. 

BOIL'ING-POINT, n. The temperature at which 

BOIS'TER-OUS, a. Noting confused noise or vio- 
lence. — Syn. Turbulent ; tumultuous ; violent ; 
impetuous; noisy; stormy. 

BOIS'TER-OUS-LY, ad. Violently; furiously. 

BOIS'TER-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being boisterous; turbulence; tumultuousness; 
jlisorder. 

BoLD, a. Having or requiring courage or daring ; 
showing impudence ; standing out to view ; steep 
or abrupt. — Syn. Courageous ; brave ; fearless ; 
valiant ; dauntless ; stout - hearted ; brazen- 
faced ; prominent. 

BoLD'-FaCE, n. An impudent, saucy person. 

BoLD'LY, ad. In a bold manner ; impudently. 

BoLD'NESS, n. Freedom from timidity, caution, 
or distrust ; an excess of freedom ; impudence ; 
steepness or prominence. — Sy>-. Bravery ; cour- 
age; daring; intrepidity; hardihood; assurance. 



BoLE, n. A measure of six bushels ; stem of a 

_tree or plant ; an earth viscid, soft, and friable. 

BoLL (bole), n. A pod ; a seed-vessel. 

BoLL, v. i. To seed, or form into a seed-vessel. 

BO-LoG'NA SAU'SAgE (bo-lo'na sau'saj), n. A 

large sausage made of bacon, veal, and pork suet 

_chopped fine and inclosed in a case. [port. 

BuL'STER, n. A long under pillow ; a pad or sup- 

BuL'STER, v. t. To support with a bolster; to 

_pad; to support; to holdup. 

BoLT, n. A bar of a door ; dart ; an iron pin for 

^fastening ; lightning ; a piece of canvas of 28 ells. 

BoLT, v. t. To secure with a bolt; to fasten; to 

sift ; to blurt out ; to throw in precipitately, as 

food down one's throat; to utter rashly; v. i. to 

spring out suddenly ; to start forth like a bolt or 

arrow. [building. 

BOLT'-AU-GER, n. A large borer used in ship- 

BoLT'ER, n. An instrument for separating bran 

from rlour ; a kind of net. 
BOLT'-HeAD (-hCd), n. A long glass vessel for 
chemical distillations ; called, also, a matrass or 
receiver. [a sail. 

BoLT'-RoPE, n. The rope sewed to the edges of 
BoLT'SPRIT. See Bowspeit. 
Bo'LUS, n. A soft mass of any thing medicinal, 

made into a large pill. 
BOMB (bum), n. A large iron shell filled with pow- 
der to be sent from a mortar. 
BOM'BXRD, n. A short thick cannon. [Obs.] 
BOM-BaRD' (bum-bard'), v. t. To attack with 

bombs thrown from mortars. 
BOM-BARD-IeR' (bum-bard-eerO, n. An officer 
whose duty is to attend the loading and firing of 
mortars ; a bomb-engineer. 
BOM-BaRD'MENT, n. An attack with bombs. 
BOM'BaST (bum'bast), n. Fustian; inflation of 

style. 
BOM-BaST'IC, a. Having high-sounding words. 
BOM-BaST'IC-AL-LY, ad. With inflation of style. 
BOM-BA-ZeT' (bum-ba-zcf), n. A kind of worsted 
cloth. [ric of silk and worsted. 

BOM-BA-Z'iNE' (bum-ba-zeen') n. A twilled fab- 
BOM'BIC, a. Pertaining to the silk-worm. 
BOM'-CHeST (burn 'chest), n. A chest for bombs. 
BOMB'-KeTCH (bum'-),t n. A strong vessel car- 
BOMB'-VeS-SEL, j rying mortars for 

throwing bombs. [bombs. 

BOMB'-PROOF, a. Proof against the force of 
BOMB'-SHeLL, n. A bomb or hollow vessel filled 

with gunpowder. 
BOM-BT'C'IN-OUS, a. Silken ; made of silk. 
+BON'BON (bong'bong), n. IFr.J Sugar confec- 
tionery. 
BOND, n. Any thing that binds; obligation or 

deed ; cause of union ; connection. 
BOND, v. t. To give bond for ; to secure by bond. 
BOND, a. In a servile state ; enslaved ; bound. 
BOND'AOE, n. Involuntary servitude. — Syn. 

Slavery; captivity; imprisonment; obligation. 
BOND'ED, pp. or a. Secured by bond, as duties. 
— Bonded goods, those for the duties on which 
bonds are given at the custom-house. 
BOND'MaID, n. A woman slave. 
BOND'MAN, n. A man slave. 
BOND'SeRV-ANT, n. A slave. 
BOND'SeRV-iCE, n. A state of slavery. 
BONDS'MAN, n. One who is bound, or who gives 

security for another. 
BOND'WoM-AN, n. A woman slave. 
BONE, n. The hard calcareous substance which 
composes the frame of animal bodies ; a piece of 
bone. [put whalebone into stays. 

BONE. v. t. To take out bones from the flesh; to 
BONE'LaCE, n. Coarse lace woven with bobbins. 
BONE'LESS, a. Without bones. 
BoNE'SET, n. A plant ; thoroughwort. 
BoNE'-SPAV-IN, n. A bony excrescence or hard 
swelling on a horse's hoof. [joicing. 

BON'FIRE, n. A fire made to express public re- 



BON 



50 



BOT 



*B5N'MOT (bong'mo), LPV.] A good thing; a 
witty repartee ; a jest. 

BoN'NET, n. A covering for the head, of very- 
variable form ; a part of a fortification ; an addi- 
tion to a sail. 

BoN'NI-LY, ad. Prettily ; finely ; gayly. 

BoN'NY, a. Handsome; beautiful; merry; blithe- 



BoN'NY-CLaB-BER, n. Sour butter-milk. 

+BoN'ToN' (bong'tong'), n. iFr.] Fashion ; height 
of the fashion. 

Bo'NUS, n. A premium, as on a loan, or for a grant 
or other privilege. 

+BON Vi-VaNT' (bong ve-vang'), n. IFr.] A 
good liver; a jovial companion. 

Bo'NY, a. Full of bones ; strong ; stout. 

BoNZE, n. A Boodhist priest. 

BOO'BY, n. A dull fellow ; a dunce ; a large bird 
allied to the pelican. 

BOO'BY-HUT, -n. A kind of covered sleigh. 

BOODH (bood), n. In Eastern Asia, a general 
name for the divinity. 

BOODHTSM (bood'izm). n. The religious sys- 
tem of the worshipers of Boodh, as held in Bur- 
mah, &c. 

BOODH'IST, n. A believer in Boodhism. 

BOOK, n. A printed composition bound ; any 
volume, whether printed, written, or blank; a 
division of a composition or volume. 

BOOK, v. t. To enter in a book. [book. 

BOOK'-AC-COUNT', n. An account kept in a 

BOOK'BIND-ER, n. One who binds books. 

BOOK'BlND-ER-Y, n. A place for binding books. 

BOOK'BIND-ING, n. The art of joining the 
sheets of a book ; securing them with a cover. 

BOOK'CaSE, n. A case for holding books. 

BOOK'ISH, a. Much given to reading; deriving 
knowledge rather from books than from observ- 
ation and experience. [study. 

BOOK'ISH-NESS, n. Fondness for reading or 

BOOK'-KEEP-ER, n. One that keeps accounts. 

BOOK'-KEEP-ING, n. The art of keeping ac- 
counts, [books ; well read. 

BOOK'-LeARN-ED (lern'ed), a. Learned in 

BOOK'-LeARN-ING, n. Acquaintance with 
books; learning derived from booksr [books. 

BOOK'-MAD-NESS, n. A rage for possessing 

BOOK'-oATH, n. Oath made on the book or 
Bible. 

BOOK'SEL-LER, n. A seller or dealer in books. 

BOOK'-STALL, n. A stand or stall, usually in 
the open air, for retailing books. [books. 

BOOK'SToRE, n. [U. >§.] A shop for selling 

BOOK'WoRM (-wurm), n. A close student; a 
worm that eats holes in books. 

BOOM, n. A spar to extend a sail ; a chain or 
cable across a river ; a hollow roar, as of waves. 

BOOM, v. i. To move with full speed, as a ship 
under all sail; to swell; to rush and roar, as 
waves ; to cry, as the bittern. 

BOOM'ING, a. Rushing; roaring. 

BOON, a. Gay; merry; pleasant; cheerful. 

BOON, n. A favor granted ; a gift; present. 

BOOR, n. An awkward and illiterate person. — 
Syn. Clown; lout; rustic. 

BOOR'ISH, a. Clownish; rustic; rough. 

BOOR'ISH-LY, ad. In a boorish manner. 

BOOR'ISH-NESS, n. Clownishness ; rusticity. 

BOOSE, n. A cattle-stall (pbs.). 

BOOST, v. t. To push up, as one climbing a tree. 
[Vulgar.] 

BOO'SY, a. A little intoxicated. 

BOOT, v. t. To profit ; to put on boots. 

BOOT, n. Profit; gain; advantage; that which 
makes an exchange equal ; booty ; a covering 
for the legs and feet ; part of a coach in front 
or behind for a cover ; to boot, over and above. 

BOOT-EE', n. A short boot. 

BOOTH, n. A temporary shelter of boards or 
other slight materials. 



BOOT'-HoSE, n. Stocking-hose or spatterdash- 
es, in lieu of boots. [boots. 

BOOT'JACK, n. An instrument for drawing off 

BOOT'LESS, a. Unavailing; unprofitable. 

BOOT'LESS-NESS, n. State of being unavailing. 

BOOTS, n. pi. The servant at hotels who blacks 
boots. [of a boot. 

BOOT-TREE, n. An instrument to widen the leg 

BOOT'Y, n. Spoil taken in war or by force. — 
_Syn. Plunder; prey; pillage. 

Bo'PEEP, n. A play among children. 

BO-RaC'I€ (-ras-ik), a. Pertaining to or pro- 
duced from borax. . [bugloss. 

BOR'AoE (biir'aje), n. The name of a plant; 

Bo'RAX, n. A salt used as a styptic, and in sol- 
dering, &c. ; the biborate of soda. 

BoR'DER (20), n. The margin or outer edge of 
anything. — Syn. Rim; verge; brink; boundary. 

BoR'DER, v. t. To make a border ; to be contig- 
uous to ; v. i. to touch or be adjacent to ; to ap- 
proach, with on or upon. 

BoR'DER-ER, n. An inhabitant on the border. 

BoRE, v. t. To penetrate or make a hole with an 
auger or gimlet; to weary by iteration; v. i. to 
make a hole in by an instrument that turns ; to 
penetrate by boring. 

BoRE, n. A hole made by boring ; the caliber of 
a gun ; an influx of the tide into a river or strait ; 
jury thing tedious or wearisome. 

Bo'RE-AL, a. Northward ; toward the north. 

Bo'RE-A_S, n. The north wind. 

BoRE'CoLE, n. A species of cabbage. 

BoR'ER, n. One who bores; a gimlet; a genus 
_of sea-worms that pierce wood. 

BoRTNG, n. The act of perforating; pi. the 
chips produced by boring. 

BoR'oUGH (biir'ro), n. A town incorporated with 
certain privileges ; in England, a place sending 
representatives to parliament. 

BoR'oUGH EN G 'GLISH, n. A customary de- 
scent_of estates to the youngest son or brother. 

BoR'RoW (bor'ro), v. t. To take by consent ; to 
use and return the same, or an equivalent; to 
take from the writings or sentiments of another ; 
to assume or copy. 

B6R'RoW-ER, n. One who borrows or assumes. 

BoS, n. The name of a genus of quadrupeds, in- 
cluding the ox and other species. 

BoSCAgE, n. Wood ; underwood ; a representa- 
tion of woods. 

BoSK'Y, a. Woody; covered with thickets. 

Bo'SOM, n. The breast or its covering; any re- 
ceptacle or inclosure; tender affections. 

Bo'SOM, v. t. To put in the bosom. 

B6SS, n. A stud; knob; raised work. 

BoSS, n. (Dutch, baas). A master mechanic. 

BoSS'Y, a. Containing bosses ; ornamented. 

BO-TAN'I€, I a. Pertaining to botany or the 

BO-TaN'I€-AL, f description of plants. 

BoT'A-NIST, n. A person skilled in plants. 

BoT'A-NiZE, v. i. To collect specimens of the 
vegetable kingdom. 

BoT'A-NY, n. The branch of natural history that 
treats of plants and their classification. 

B5TCH, n. A swelling ; patchwork. 

BoTCH, v. t. To mend clumsily ; to patch. 

BoTCH'ER, n. A bungling sewer. 

BoTH, a. Two considered by themselves; ap- 
plied to persons, things, words, and members 
of sentences. [tion of pother. 

BoTH'ER, v. t To perplex or tease — a corrup- 

B6T'RY-OID, !«. Having the form of a 

BoT-RY-OID'AL,( bunch of grapes. [horses. 

B6TS, n. p>l- Small worms in the intestines of 

BoT'TLE, n. A vessel with a narrow mouth for 
liquor ; a vial ; the quantity contained in a bot- 
tle ; a bundle of hay. 

BoT'TLE, v. t. To put into bottles. [tie. 

BoT'TLM) (bot'tid), a. Put or inclosed in a bot- 

BoT'TLE-HoLD'ER, n. One who aids a boxer, 



a, e, &c, long.— a, S, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; tiieee, teem; maeine, hied; move, 



BOT 



51 



BEA 



&c. ; giving him refreshments. &c, between the 
rounds. [corks ; a cork-screw. 

BOT'TLE-SCREW (-skrii), n. A screw to draw 

BoT'TLING, n. The act of putting into bottles. 

BOTTOM, n. The lowest part ; a foundation or 
support; resources; a valley; ship; dregs. 

BOT'TOM, v. t. To put a bottom to ; to fix on, as 
a support; v. i. to rest upon as a support. 

BOT'TOM-LAXD, n. Flat land adjoining rivers. 

B6TTOM-LESS, a. Having no bottom. 

BOT'TOM-RY, n. A borrowing of money, and 
pledging a ship to secure the repayment. 

+BoU'DOIR (boo'dwor), n. lFr.~] A small private 
room. 

BOUGHjbou), n. A branch of a tree. 

BoU-GIe' (boo-zheO, n. A wax candle ; a surgic- 
al instrument. 

+B6UII/LOX (bool'yong), n. LFV.] Broth ; soup. 

BOUNCE, v. i. To leap ; to spring ; to rebound ; 
to boast. 

BOUNCE, n. A leap ; kick ; sudden noise ; a 
heavy blow; a boastful lie. 

BOUN'CER, n. A boaster. [a rebound. 

BOUND, n. Boundary; limit; a leap; a spring; 

BOUND, v. t. To set bounds to ; to limit ; to 
cause to bound; to mention the boundaries of. 
— Syn. To restrain ; confine ; circumscribe. 

BOUND, v. i. To leap; to spring; to fly back; 
to move forward by leaps. 

BOUND, a. Destined; tending or going to. 

BOUND'A-RY, n. A visible mark designating a 
limit ; limit ; mark ; restraint. 

BOUND'EN, a. Required; necessary, [unlimited. 

BOUND'LESS, a. Without bound; unconfmed ; 

BOUND'LESS-NESS, n. Being without limit. 

BOUN'TE-OUS. a. Disposed to give freely.— Srx. 
Bountiful; liberal, munificent. 

BOUN'TE-OUS-LY, ad. Liberallv; generously. 

BOUN'TE-OTJS-NESS, n. Liberality; generosity; 
munificence; kindness; goodness. [ous. 

BOUN'TI-FUL, a. Free to give; liberal; gener- 

BOUN'TI-FtJL-LY, ad. Liberallv; generously. 

BOUN'TI-FUL-NESS, n. Generosity in giving. 

BOUN'TY, n. Liberality in giving; a premium to 
encourage some object. — Syn. Munificence; gen- 
erosity ."beneficence; kindness. 

BoU-QUET' (boo-kaO, n. A bunch of flowers. 

BOUR-GEOIS' (bur-jois'), n. A small kind of 
printing types, between long primer and brevier. 

BOURN (borne or boorne), n. A limit or bound. 

BoURSE (boorse), n. A French exchange. 

BoUSE,! v. i. To drink freely, or in a coarse, vuJ- 

BOO$E,j gar manner. 

BOUT, n. A turn ; a trial ; the part of any process 
jperformed at one time ; an attempt. 

Bo'VlNE, a. Pertaining to cattle of the ox kind. 

BOW. v. t. To bend down ; to depress ; to subdue ; 
v. i. to stoop; to bend in reverence. 

BOW, n. Act of bending in civility ; the rounding 
_part of a ship' s side forward. 

BoW (bo), n. An instrument to shoot arrows ; a 
similar instrument for turning drills, &c. ; a fid- 
dle-stick; any tbing in the form of a curve. 

BOWELS, n. Parts within the body; the intes- 
tines; the interior; tenderness; compassion. 

BOWER, n. A shady recess formed of boughs in- 
tertwined ; any shady retreat ; a chamber ; an ar- 
bor; an anchor. 

BOW'ER-Y, a. Full of bowers; shady. 

BoWIE-KNiFE (bo'e-nlfe), n. A long knife or 
dagger used in the Western States. 

BoWL (bole), n. A hemispherical or bell-shaped 
vessel ; the hollow part of any thing. 

BoWL, n. A ball of wood used for play on a level 
_spot of ground. 

BoWL, v. i. To play with bowls ; to roll as a bowl. 

BoWL'DER (bole'der), n. In geology, a roundish 
mass of rock. 

BoWLEGGi?D (-Ugd), a. Having crooked legs. 

BoWL'ER, n. One who plays at bowls. 



BoWLINE (bo'lin), n. A rope to hold a sail close 
to the wind. 

BoWL'ING, n. The act of throwing bowls. 

BoWJ/IXG-GREEN, n. A green for bowlers. 

BOWSE, v. i. In seamen's language, to pull to- 
gether, or pull hard. [may be shot. 

BoW'-SHoT, n. The distance to which an arrow 

BoW'SFRIT, n. A large spar at a ship's head. 

BoW'-STKiNG, n. A string used for a bow. 

BOX, n. A tree ; a case or coffer; a seat in a play- 
house or public room ; a blow on the ear; a cylin- 
der for an axle-tree ; the quantity in a box. 

BOX, v. t. To put in a box ; to strike with the 
hand, especially the ear or side of the head; to 
box the compass, to rehearse the points of com- 
pass in order. 

BOX, v. i. To combat with the fist. [men. 

BOX'-CoAT, n. An overcoat first worn by coach- 

BOX'EX (b-lk'sn), a. Made of box-wood ; like box. 

BOX'ER, n. One who fights with the fist. [way. 

BOX'-HAUL, v. t. To veer a ship in a particular 

BOX'IXG, n. The act of striking or fighting with 

BOY, n. A male child ; lad ; vonth. [the fist. 

BOY'HOOD, n. State or condition of a boy. 

BOY'ISH, a. Likeabov; childish; trifling. 

BOY'ISH-LY, ad. Childishly; foolishly; idlv. 

BOY'ISH-XESS.l n. Manners of a boy; child- 

BOY'ISM, j ishness. 

BRaB'BLE, v. i. To clamor. 

BRACCATE, a. Having feathers which descend 
to_and cover the feet. 

BRaCE, n. That which holds any thing in posi- 
tion ; a diagonal piece to st v engtben a frame ; a 
strap or bandage; a pair; a line or bracket in 
music; the connective character (— ^ used in 
printing; tightness. 

BRaCE, v. t. To bind ; to tie; to tig' ten. 

BRaCE'LET, n. An ornament for the wrist. 

BRa'CER, n. That which makes tight ; an astrin- 
gent, [arm. 

BRa€H'I-AL (brak'e-al\ a. Belonging to the 

BRXCH'MAN. See Braitmin\ 

BRA-€IITG'RA-PHY, n. Short-handwriting. 

&RACK. n. A crack; a breach. 

BRaCK'ET, n. A small projecting support; pi. 
hooks, thus [ ], for inclosing words. 

BRaCK'ISH, a. Saltish ; salt : like sea-water. 

BRaCK'ISH-NESS, n. A saltish taste or quality. 

BRACT, n. In botany, a leafy appendage to the 
flower or stalk. 

BRAD, n. A thin nail without a head. 

BRaE, n. Hilly or broken ground. [Scottish.] 

BRAG, v. i. To boast; to swagger; to puff; fol- 
lowed by of. 

BRAG, n. A boast or boasting ; a game at cards. 

BRAG-GA-Do'CIO (-do'sho), n. A brasger; vain 

BRAG'GARD-ISM, n. Boastfulness. [boaster. 

BRaG'GART, a. Boastful ; vainly ostentatious. 

BRiG'GER T, |* n - A boaster ! a Tain f eUow. 

BRaG'GING, n. Boastful language. 

BRaII'MA (bra'ma), n. The first person in the 

Trinity of the Hindoos ; the Creator. 
BRaH'MIN, n. One of the highest or sacerdotal 

caste in India. 
BRaID, v. t. To weave together ; to plait ; to fold. 
BRaID, n. A texture formed by braiding ; a sort 

of trimming for dresses. 
BRaIL (brale), n. In navigation, ropes passing 

through pulleys used in furling sails. [with up. 
BRaIL, v. t. To truss up with the brails ; used 
BRaIN (brane), n. Soft substance within the 

skull, in which the nerves and spinal marrow 

terminate ; the seat of sensation and intellect. 
BRaIN. v. t. To dash out the brains. 
BRaIN'LESS, a. Destitute of thought ; silly. 
BRaIN'-PaN, n. The skull containing the brains. 
BRaIN'-SiCK, a. Diseased in the understanding. 
BRaIT, n. A rough diamond. 
BRaKE, n. A thicket of shrubs or brambles; a 



dove, wolf, isook ; ecle, bull ; yi"ciot;s. — o as k ; g as j ; $ as z ; en as sn ; Tins. * Xot English. 



BRA 



52 



BRE 



kind of fern; instrument for dressing flax; han- 
dle of a pump or engine ; a contrivance to stop 
carriages or cars by pressing the wheels. 

BRaKE'MAN, n. One whose business it is to 
manage the brake in rail-road carriages. 

BRaK'Y, a. Prickly; rough; thorny. 

BRAM'BLE, n. A very prickly shrub. 

BRXM'IN, n. See Beahmin. 

BRA-M!N'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to the Bramins. 

BRaM'IN-ISM, n. The religion of the Bramins. 

BRAN, n. The outer coats of wheat, rye, &c, sep- 
arated from the flour by bolting. 

BRANCH (6), n. A limb ; a bough ; the shoot of a 
tree or plant from the main stem, or from anoth- 
er branch; a stream entering a larger one; a di- 
vision of a subject, &c. ; offspring. 

BRANCH, v. i. To divide into shoots or distinct 
parts ; to ramify ; to fork ; v. t. to divide, as into 
branches ; to make subordinate divisions. 

BRAN€H'I-0-POD (brank'-), n. A species of mi- 
nute crustaceans having gill-bearing legs. 

BRANCH'LESS, a. Having no branches ; naked. 

BRANCH'LET, n. The division of a branch ; a lit- 
tle branch. 

BRANCH'Y, a. Full of branches. [tize. 

BRAND, v. t. To mark with a brand ; to stigma- 

BRAND, n. A burnt or burning piece of wood ; an 
iron to burn in a mark ; the character or mark 
burnt; a stigma. 

BRAND-GOOSE, n. The brant. 

BRAN'DIj&D (bran'did), a. Mingled with brandy. 

BRAND'ING-i-RON,\. , - „_. jn. An iron to 

BRAND -I-RON, j v*-™Ui -\ brand with. 

BRAND'ISH, v. t. To wave; to shake; to flour- 
ish, as a weapon. 

BRAND'ISH, n. A flourish, as of a sword. 

BRAND'ISH-ER, n. One who brandishes or flour- 

BRAND'LING, n. A kind of worm. [ishes. 

BRAND'-NEW, a. Quite new, as if fresh from the 
fire. [cider, or fruit. 

BRAN'DY, n. An ardent spirit distilled from wine, 

BRAN G 'GLE (brang'gl), n. A wrangle ; brawl ; 
squabble. 

BRAN G 'GLE, v. i. To wrangle ; to dispute. 

BRANK, n. Buck-wheat ; a bridle for scolds. 

BRAN'LIN, n. A fish of the salmon kind. 

BRANT, n. A wild-fowl of the goose kind. 

BRa'SIER (brit'zher), n. One who works in brass ; 
a pan for coals. 

BRASS (6), n. An alloy of copper and zinc, of a 
yellow color ; impudence ; a brazen face. 

BRASS' BAND, n. A company of musicians who 
perform on instruments of brass. 

BRASS'I-NESS, a. The quality or appearance of 
brass. [hard as brass ; like brass. 

BRaSS'Y, a. Made of brass; partaking of brass ; 

BRAT, n. A child ; progeny ; used in contempt. 

BRA-Va'DO, n. A boast ; an arrogant menace ; a 
boasting fellow. 

BRaVE, a. Fearless of danger ; noble in appear- 
ance; showy in dress. — Syn. Courageous; val- 
iant ; gallant ; bold ; intrepid ; dauntless. 

BRaVE, n. A hector ; bully ; an Indian warrior. 

BR AVE, v. t. To encounter with firmness; to 
defy ; to carry a boasting appearance of. 

BRaVE'LY, ad. Gallantly; generously. 

BRaV'ER-Y, n. Undaunted boldness; readiness 
to face danger (in the sense of show, obs.). — Syn. 
Courage; intrepidity; heroism; audacity. — Cour- 
age (from cor, heart) is that firmness of spirit 
which meets danger without fear ; bravery defies 
or braves it, and shows itself in outward acts ; au- 
dacity is bravery running out into rashness. 

BRa'VO, n. A daring villain ; an assassin. 

BRX'VO, interj. Well done. 

BRAWL, v. t. To drive or beat away. 

BRAWL, v. i. To make a great noise ; to scold ; 
to quarrel noisily. [great noise. 

BRAWL, n. Noisy contention ; a squabble ; a 

BRAWL'ER, n. A wrangler ; a noisy person. 



BRAWL'ING, n. The act of quarreling. 

BRAWL'ING, a. Noisily quarrelsome. 

BRAWN, n. A boar's flesh ; a muscular part ; the 
arm. [hardiness. 

BRAWN'I-NESS, n. Great strength ; firmness ; 

BRAWN'Y, a. Having large, strong muscles ; 
fleshy; bulky; strong; firm. 

BRaY, v. t. To pound ; to beat in a mortar. 

BRaY, v. i. To make a loud harsh noise or cry. 

BRaY, n. The loud harsh cry of an ass. 

BRaY'ER, n. One who brays ; an instrument to 
temper printer's ink. [an ass. 

BRaY'ING, a. Crying as an ass; n. the noise of 

BRaZE, v. t. To cover or solder with brass or a 
brazen alloy ; to harden morally. 

BRa'ZEN (brii'zn), a. Made of brass; pertaining 
to brass ; impudent ; brazen age, a degenerate 
age ; in mythology, the age after the silver age. 

BRa'ZEN (brji'zn), v. i. To be impudent ; to bully. 

BRa'ZEN~FaC2?D (-faste), a. Impudent ; shame- 
less; bold. [manner. 

BRa'ZEN-LY (bra'zn-ly), ad. In a bold, impudent 

BRa'ZIER. See Beasiee. 

BRA-ZIL'-WOOD, n. A wood from Brazil used 
in_ dyeing red. [brass and zinc. 

BRaZ'ING, n. The act of uniting by an alloy of 

BREACH (breech), n. An opening; a difference 
or quarrel; a breaking in upon. — Syn. Rent; 
chasm ; gap ; cleft ; disruption ; infraction ; vi- 
olation ; misunderstanding ; separation. 

BREACH (breech), v. t. To make a breach or 
opening. 

BREAD (bred), n. Food made of flour or meal ; 
pi-ovisions in general ; maintenance. 

BREAD'-C6RN (bred'-), n. Wheat, rye, or other 
grain used for bread. 

BReAD'-FROIT-TREE (bred'-), n. A tropical tree 
whose fruit is excellent for food. 

BREAD '-STuFF, n. [U.S.] That of which bread 
is made ; bread-corn. [width. 

BREADTH (bredth), n. Extent from side to side ; 

BREaK (brake), v. t. ipret. Broke (and brake, obs.); 
pp. Broke, Broken.] To part by force ; to rend 
apart ; to dash to pieces ; to tame ; to impair or 
ruin ; to violate ; to make bankrupt ; to discard 
or cashier. 

BREaK, v. i. To part ; to divide in two ; to burst ; 
to become bankrupt; to dawn, as the day; to 
fall out ; to decline in health. To break away, 
to disengage from ; to disappear, as clouds. To 
break in, to enter by force; to intrude. To break 

• mit^to issue forth ; to appear, as an eruption. 

BREaK (brake), n. An opening; interruption; 
breach ; failure ; break of day, first light of day. 

BREaK'AgE (brake'-), n. A breaking, or allow- 
ance for things broken in, transportation. 

BREaK'ER (brake'-) n. One that breaks ; a rock 
by which waves are broken ; a wave broken by 
rocks or shoals. [day. 

BReAK'FAST (brek'fast), n. The first meal in the 

BReAK'FAST (brek'fast), v. i. To eat the first 
meal in the day. 

BREaK'MAN, n. See Brakeman. 

BREaK'NECK, n. A steep and dangerous place. 

BREaK'NECK, a. Endangering the neck or life. 

BREaK'WA-TER, n. A mole or other thing laid 
at the entrance of a harbor to break the force of 
the waves. 

BREAM, n. A fish living in lakes and deep water. 

BREAM (breme), v. t. To cleanse a ship's bottom 
by fire. 

BREAST (brest), n. Part of the body next below 
the neck ; the bosom ; the heart ; conscience. 

BREAST (brSst), v. t. To meet in front and oppose. 

BReAST'-BoNE, n. The bone of the breast. 

BReAST'-KNoT (brest'-not), n. A knot of ribbons 
worn on the breast. 

BReAST'-PiN (brSst'-), n. An ornamental pin 
fixed in the linen near the breast ; also called a 
brooch. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, bird; move, 



BRE 



53 



BRI 



BReAST'-PLaTE (brSst'-plate), n. Armor for the 
breast ; a folded piece of cloth worn by the Jew- 
ish high -priest. 

BREAST-PLOW, \ n. A kind of spade for cut- 

BR£AST'-PLOUGH,j ting turf driven by the 
breast. 

BReAST'-WHEEL, n. A Avater-wheel that re- 
ceives the water at about half its height. 

BREAST'-WORK (brest'-wurk), n. In fortifica- 
tion, a work thrown up for defense ; a parapet. 

BREATH (brC-th), n. Air respired ; a single res- 
piration ; a breeze ; respite ; rest ; ease ; time to 
breathe: a single moment ; instant, [breathed. 

BREATH'A-BLE (bree'tha-bl), a. That may be 

BREATHE, v. t. To respire ; to infuse by breath- 
ing, with into ; to exhale ; to give vent ; to utter 
silently; to make to sound; v. i. to inhale and 
exhale air ; to live ; to take breath or rest ; to 
move as air. 

BReATH'ING. n. _Respiration ; aspiration ; vent. 

BREATH'ING-PLaCEJ n. A pause; relaxation; 

BREATH'ING-TIME, f rest. 

BREATH'LESS (breth'less), a. Out of breath; 
spent with labor ; dead. 

BREATH'LESS-NESS (bretb/-), n. The state of 
being exhausted of breath. 

BREC'CIA (brek'sha), n. A rock made up of an- 
gular fragments cemented together. 

BREO'CIa-TED, a. Consisting of angular frag- 
ments cemented together. 

BREECH, n. The lower part of the body behind ; 
the thick end of cannon or other fire-arms. 

BREECH, v. t. To put in breeches ; to furnish 
with breeching. 

BREECH'ES (brich'ez), n. A garment worn by 
men, covering the hips and thighs; to wear the 
breeches, to usurp authority over one's husband. 

BREECH'ING (brich'ing), n. A strong rope to a 
cannon to prevent its recoiling ; the hinder pai t 
of harness. 

BREED, v. t. [pret. and pp. Bked.] To gener- 
ate ; to hatch ; to raise or bring up ; to multiply ; 
to cause to multiply ; v. i. to produce ; to be preg- 
nant; to be generated; to be increased by new 
production. [offspring ; progeny. 

BREED, n. A race from the same stock ; a kind ; 

BREED'ER, n. One that breeds or brings up. 

BREED'ING, n. A bringing up; education ; man- 

BREEZE, n. A gentle wind; a stinging fly. [ners. 

BREEZE'LESS, a. Having no breeze ; calm. 

BREEZ'Y, a. Fanned or fanning with gales. 

BRETH'REN, n., pi. of Beothek. [breves ; a writ. 

BReVE, n. A note in music equal to two semi- 

BRE-VET', n. A commission giving rank without 
pay or without command. 

BRe'VI-A-RY, n. A Roman Catholic priest's of- 
fice-book ; an abridgment ; epitome. 

BRE-VIeR' (-veerO, n. A small kind of printing 
letter, between bourgeois and minion. [ing. 

BRE-VIL'O-QUENCE, n. A brief mode of speak- 

BReV'I-PED, a. Having short legs. 

BREV'I-TY, n. Shortness ; conciseness ; dispatch. 

BREW (bru), v. t. To boil or make beer or other 
liquor from malt, &c. , by steeping and fermenta- 
tion ; to contrive ; to plot ; v. i. to perform the 
business of brewing ; to be in a gathering or form- 
ing state. 

BREW'AgE (bru'aje), n. Malt liquor; a mixture. 

BREW'ER (brd'er), n. One who brews, or whose 
business is that of brewing. 

BREW'ER- Y, n. A house for brewing. 

BREWING (bru'ing), n. The act of making malt 
liquors ; the liquor brewed ; the quantity brewed 
at once. [tage. 

BREW'IS (bru'is), n. Broth ; bread soaked in pot- 

BRl'AR. See Bsiee. 

VBEi-a'RE-AN, a. Many-handed. From Briareus, 
a fabulous monster who had a hundred hands. 

BRiBE, n. A gift to pervert the judgment or con- 
duct ; that which seduces. 



BRIBE, v. t. To influence or corrupt by gifts. 

BRIB'ER, n. One that gives bribes. 

BRIB'ER-Y, n. The act or crime of bribing, or of 
giving or taking rewards for corrupt practices. 

BRICK, n. Clay with sand and water, shaped in a 
mold and hardened ; a loaf shaped like a brick. 

BRICK, v. t. To lay with bricks. 

BRICK, a. Made or built of brick. 

BRICK'BAT, n. A broken part of a brick. 

BRlCK'-DuST, n. Dust of pounded brick. 

BRICK'- KILN (-kil), n. A kiln for burning brick. 

B RiCK'-LaY-E R, n. A mason ; a worker in bricks. 

BRICK'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes bricks. 

BRlCK'-WoRK, n. The laying of bricks; the 
part of a structure made of bricks. 

BRiD'AL, a. Belonging to marriage or to a bride. 

BRID'AL, n. The nuptial festival. 

BRIDE, n. A woman newly married or at her 
wedding ; originally, also, a woman espoused. 

BRIDE'-CaKE, n. Cake distributed at a wedding. 

BRiDE'-CHaM-BER, n. The nuptial apartment. 

BRiDE'GROOM, n. A man newly married or 
about to_be married. [at marriage. 

BRiDE'MaID, n. A woman who attends on a bride 

BRiDE'MAN, n. A man who attends a bridegroom 
and bride at their marriage. [orderly persons. 

BRIDF/WELL, n. A house of correction for dis- 

BRIDgE, n. A structure on which to pass over 
water; something analogous to a bridge, as the 
support for the strings of a violin ; the upper part 
of the nose, &c. 

BRIDGE (bridj), v. t. To form a bridge over. 

BRi'DLE, n. An instrument to restrain or govern 
a horse ; a restraint ; a curb. 

BRI'DLE, v. t. To put on a bridle ; to restrain ; 
v. i. to hold up the head ; to show pride or spirit. 

BRI'DLE-PaTHJ n. A path for travelers on 

BRi'DLE-WaY, j horseback. 

BRID-OON', n. A light snaffle in addition to the 
principal bit, having a distinct rein. 

BRIEF, a. Confined within narrow limits. — Syn. 
Short; limited; concise; succinct; summary; 
compendious ; laconic. 

BRIeF (breef), n. A concise writing; a kind of 
writ, direction, or precept ; also an abridgment 
of a client's cause. 

BRIeF'LESS, a. Having no briefs, as a lawyer 
without clients. 

BRIEF'LY (breef'ly), ad. Shortly; concisely; in 
few words. 

BRIEF'NESS, n. Shortness; conciseness. 

BRi'ER, n. A very prickly shrub. 

BRI'ER-Y, a. Full of briers ; rough ; prickly. 

BRIG, n. A vessel with two masts, square-rigged. 

BRIG-aDE', n. The troops under a brigadier, con- 
sisting of several battalions. 

BRIG-aDE', v. t. To form into brigades. 

BRIG-aDE'-Ma'JOR, n. An officer to assist in 
the management of a brigade. 

BRIG-A-DIER', X n. An officer com- 

BRIG-A-DlER'-GfiN'ER-AL,j manding a brig- 
ade, whether of horse or foot. 

BRIG'AND. n. A robber ; a freebooter. 

BRIG'AND-AgE, n. Robbery ; plunder. 

BRIG'AN-DlNE, n. A coat of mail. 

BRIG'AN-TlNE, n. A brig, or small brig. 

BRIGHT (brite), a. Full of light ; brilliancy ; full 
of promise; of superior talents. — Syn. Shining; 
clear; evident; resplendent; sparkling. 

BRiGHT'EN (bri'tn), v. t. To make bright; to 
polish ; to cheer, or make cheerful ; to make il- 
lustrious, acute, or witty. 

BRiGHT'EN, v. i. To grow bright ; to become 
more cheerful ; to be less gloomy. 

BRIGHT'LY, ad. In a bright manner ; with luster. 

BRiGHT'NESS, n. Luster; splendor; acuteness. 

BRILL'IAN-CY, n. Sparkling luster.— Syn. Splen- 
dor; radiance; glitter, [with luster ; splendid. 

BRiLL'IANT (bril'yant), a. Shining; sparkling 

BRILL'IANT, n. A diamond of the finest cut. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — € asK; <i as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + Not English. 



BRI 



54 



BRO 



BRILL'IANT-LY (bril'yant-ly), ad. In a brilliant 
manner. [the top of any liquor ; edge or bank. 

BRIM, n. The edge, lip, or rim of a vessel or thing ; 

BRIM'FUL, a. Full to the brim or top. 

BRIM'MER, n. A bowl full to the top. 

BRIM'MING, a. Full to the very brim. 

BRiM'SToNE, n. A yellow mineral sulphur. 

BRIND'ED, 1 a. Streaked ; spotted ; 

BRiND'LZ7D (brin'dld),] having different colors. 

BRIN'DLE, n. Variegated color ; spottedness. 

BRINE, n. Water impregnated with salt; the 
ocean or sea ; tears. [tion. 

BRINE'-PaN, n. A pit of salt water for evapora- 

BRINE'-PIT, n. A salt spring or well. 

BRING, v. t. \_pret. and pp. Brought.] To bear to 
or nearer ; to fetch ; to reduce to any state ; to 
induce; to conduct or drive; to produce. To 
bring out, to expose; to bring under, to subdue; 
to bring up, to nurse ; to bring doicn, to humble ; 
to bring to, in navigation, to check the course of 
a ship. [what salt ; like brine. 

BRIN'ISH, a. Having the taste of brine; some- 

BR1NK, n. The edge or limit of some deep place, 
as a precipice. — Syn. Verge; border; side. 

BRiN'Y, a. Consisting of brine ; like brine. 

BRISK, a. Full of life and spirit. — Syn. Quick ; 
lively; jovial; nimble; vigorous: prompt. 

BRTSK'ET, n. Part of the breast next the ribs. 

BRISK'LY, a. In an active, lively manner. 

BRISK'NESS, n. Activeness; quickness; liveli- 
ness; vivacity. 

BRiSK UP, v. t. To make lively; to animate. 

BRISK UP, v. i. To gather life and spirit ; to 
take a bold attitude. 

BRIS'TLE (brls'sl), n. The stiff hair of swine or 
other animals; a hairy pubescence on plants. 

BRIS'TLE (bris'sl), v. i. To raise up the bristles; 
to strut, as in defiance ; to be erect as bristles ; 
v. t. to erect in bristles ; to erect in defiance, as 
to bristle the crest ; to fix a bristle to. 

BRiST'LING, a. Standing erect and thick, like 
bristles, as bristling bayonets. 

BRIST'LY (bris'ly), a. Set thick with bristles or 
with hairs like bristles; rough. 

BRI-TaN'NI-A, n. A metallic compound, chief- 
ly of tin, brass, and antimony. 

BRI-TAN'NIC, a. Pertaining to Britain, but pre- 
fixed only or chiefly to the word Majesty. 

BRIT'ISH, a. Pertaining to Great Britain or its 
inhabitants. 

BRIT'ISH, n. The people of Great Britain. 

BRIT'ON, n. A native of Britain ; British. 

BRIT'TLE, a. Apt to break; not tough.— Syn. 
Fragile or frail. [to toughness. 

BRIT'TLE-NESS, n. Aptness to break; opposed 

BRITZ'SKA (bris'ka), n. A kind of long barouche. 

BRoACH, n. A spit ; bodkin ; start of a young 
stag ; a clasp to fasten the vest. See Brooch. 

BRoACH, v. t. To tap ; to pierce, as with a spit ; 
to utter; to enter upon, or make public. To 
broach to (Naut.), to incline suddenly to wind- 
ward till the sails are aback. 

BRoACH'ER, n. A spit ; one that broaches, com- 
mences, or first publishes. 

BROAD (brawd), a. Extended from side to side; 
hence, wide or unrestrained; indelicate, as hu- 
mor. — Syn. Large ; ample ; comprehensive ; 
coarse; vulgar. 

BROAD'CaST (brawd'-), n. A scattering of seed 
widely; a. cast or dispersed upon the ground 
with the hand. [large from the hand. 

BROAD'CaST, ad. By scattering or throwing at 

BROAD'CLOTH, n. A kind of woolen cloth, so 
called from its breadth. 

BROAD'EN (braw'dn), v. t. To make broad. 

BROAD'EN, v. i. To grow broad. 

BROAD'ISH, a. Somewhat broad. 

BROAD'LY, ad. In a broad manner. 

BROAD'NESS, n. Width ; extent from side to 
side ; in language, grossness ; indelicacy. 



BROAD'-PIeCE, n. Name of the gold twenty shil- 
ling piece in the reign-of James I. and Charles I. 

BROAD'-SEAL, n. The great public seal of a na- 
tion, state, or country. 

BROAD'SIDE, n. The entire side of a ship ; a dis- 
charge of all the guns on one side of a ship at 
once ; a large sheet of paper printed on one side, 
to be stuck up. [broad blade. 

BROAD'SWoRD (brawd'sord), n. A sword with a 

BRO AD'Wf $E, ad. In the direction of the breadth. 

BRO-CaDE', n. Silk stuff variegated with gold 
and silver, or enriched with flowers. 

BRO-CaD'ED, a. Woven or worked as brocade ; 
dressed in brocade. 

BRo'CAgE. See Brokerage. 

BRoC'A-TEL, n. A cloth woven with flowers like 
brocade, but partly of linen or cotton. [er. 

BRoC'CO-LI (brok'o-ly), n. A species of cauliflow- 

BRoCK, n. A name of the badger. 

BRoCK'ET, n. A red deer two years old. 

BRo'GANS, n. pi. Stout coarse shoes. 

BRuGUE, n. A coarse shoe; a cant word for a 
corrupt dialect or pronunciation. 

BROID'ER, v. t. To adorn with needlework. 

BROID'ER-Y, n. Embroidery; needlework. 

BROIL, n. A noisy quarrel ; state of discord. — 
Syn. Feud; affray; contention; dissension; al- 
tercation ; tumult. 

BROIL, v. t. To dress or cook over coals, or on a 
gridiron ; v. i. to be acted on by heat, as meat 
over coals; to be greatly heated. 

BROILjED (broild), a. Dressed by heat over coals. 

BROIL'ER, n. He or that which broils. 

BROIL'ING, n. A cooking over coals. 

BRoKE, v. i. To transact business for another. 

BRo'KEN (bro'kn), a. Parted by violence; rent 
asunder; made bankrupt ; infirm. 

BRo'KEN-HEaRT'ED, a. Crushed with grief; 
greatly depressed in spirits. 

BRu'KEN-N ESS, n. A state of being broken. 

BRo'KEN-WIND'ED, a. Having short breath, 
as a horse. 

BRo'KER, n. An agent in certain commercial 
transactions, who does business for others. 

BRo'KER-AuE, n. The commission or fee of a 
broker; the occupation of a broker. 

BRo'MlNE (bro'min), n. An elementary substance 
found in sea-water. 

BRoNCH'I-A,? n. x>l. The ramifications of the 

BRoNOH'l, \ windpipe in the lungs. 

BRoNCH'I-AL (bronk'e-al), a. Belonging to the 
ramifications of the windpipe in the lungs. 

BRONCH-l'TIS (bronk-), n. An inflammation of 
some part of Jhe bronchial membrane. 

BRoNCH'O-CeLE (bronk'o-sele), n. A tumor on 
the throat, called also goiter. [pipe. 

BRONCH-oT'O-MY, n. An incision into the wind- 

BRoNCH'US, n^ [Gr.] The windpipe. 

BRoNZE or BRoNZE, n. A compound of copper 
and tin, sometimes with other metals ; the color 
of bronze ; relief or statue cast in bronze. 

BRoNZE or BRoNZE, v. t. To give the color or 
appearance of bronze to ; to harden like bronze. 

BRoNZjED (bronzd), a. Made to resemble bronze ; 
browned. 

BRoNZ'ING, n. The art of imitating bronze. 

BROOCH (broche), n. A bosom buckle or pin ; a 
jewel. [once; that which is bred or produced. 

BROOD, n. An offspring; the young hatched at 

BROOD, v. i. To sit and cover, as a fowl over her 
eggs or young ; to muse, or be in anxious thought ; 
v. t. to cover, as a fowl ; to cherish. [run. 

BROOK, n. A small natural stream ; a rivulet; a 

BROOK, v. t. To endure ; to submit to ; to suffer. 

BROOK'LET, n. A small brook. 

BROOM, n. A kind of shrub ; a besom, or instru- 
ment for sweeping. [of brooms. 

BROOM'-C6RN, n. A plant used for the brushes 

BROOM'STICK, n. The handle of a broom. 

BROOM'Y, a. Full of broom; like broom. 



&c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, niEr>; move, 



BRO 



55 



BUG 



BB6TH (20), n. Liquor in which flesh is boiled. 

BRoTH'EL, n. A house of ill-fame. 

BRuTH'ER (bruth'er), n. ; pi. Beoth'ees or 
Beetu'een. A male born of the same parents ; 
one of the same race ; any one closely united ; an 
associate. 

BRoTH'ER-HOOD (briith'er-), n. The quality of 
being a brother; fraternity; a society; a class 
of men of the same kind or profession. [ing. 

BRoTH'ER-LY (briith'er-), «• Like brothers ; lov- 

BROW (brou), n. The forehead ; the edge or ele- 
vated side. 

BROWBEAT, v. t. To bear down with insulting 
sternness or arrogant assertion. 

BRO W'BEAT-ING, n. The act of overbearing by 
sternness or arrogant assertion. 

BROWN, a. Of a dark or reddish color. 

BROWN, n. The name of a reddish color, result- 
ing from a mixture of black, red, and some other 
color that gives variety of shade. [brown. 

BROWN, v. t. To make brown ; v. i. to become 

BROWN'IE, n. In Scotland, an imaginary spirit 
that haunts houses. 

BROWNISH, a. Inclined to a brown color. 

BROWN'NESS, n. The quality of being brown. 

BROWN'-STOUT, n. A kind of porter. 

BROWN'-STuD-Y, n. Meditation directed to no 
particular object; gloomy reverie. 

BROWSE (brouze), v. t. To eat the ends of branch- 
es, or the shoots of trees or shrubs ; v. i. to feed 
on the shoots or branches of trees or shrubs. 

BROWSE (brouse), n. The twigs of shrubs and 

BRu'IN, n. A name given to a bear. [trees. 

BRuISE (31), v. t. To hurt with blows ; to crush or 
mangle with something blunt. 

BRCTSE, n. A hurt on the flesh by something 
blunt ; a contusion. 

BRCISjE'D (bruzd), pp. or a. Hurt with a blunt 
instrument; broken; crushed. 

BRCIS'ER, n. In vulgar language, a boxer. 

BRCTS'IXG, n. A boxing or beating; a crushing. 

+BRCTT (brute), n. [Fr.~\ Report; rumor; fame; 
V. t. to report ; to noise abroad. 

BRO'MAL, a. Of or belonging to winter. [ion. 

BRU-NeTTE', n. A woman of a brown complex- 

BRuNT, n. The worst or hottest part or portion. 
— Stn. Shock; stroke; attack; onset. 

BRuSH, n. An instrument of bristles, &c, for 
sweeping, dusting, painting, &c. ; brisk attack; 
tail ; shrubs ; lopped branches of trees. 

BRuSH, v. t. To rub with a brush ; to strike or 
pass over slightly ; with off, to remove by brush- 
ing ; v. i. to move nimbly in haste ; to pass over 
with slight contact. 

BRuSH'ING, n. A rubbing with a brush. 

BRuSH'WOOD, n. Low wood; underwood. 

BRuSH'Y, 'a'. Like a brush ; shaggy. [to bully. 

BRCS'TLE (briis'sl), v. i. To crackle; to vapor; 

BRC'TAL, a. Pertaining to or like a brute. — Syn. 
Savage ; cruel ; inhuman ; vile. 

BRU-TAL'I-TY, n. Savageness ; beastliness. 

BRtJ'TAL-iZE, v. t. To make brutal, churlish, or 
inhuman ; v. i. to grow or become brutal. 

BRu'TAL-LY, ad. Cruelly; inhumanly; rudely. 

BRUTE (31), n. A beast; an animal destitute of 
reason ; a vile, unfeeling, or brutal person. 

BRCTE, «. Senseless; irrational; bestial. 

BRu'TI-Fv, v. t. To make brutish. 

BRu'TISH, a. Resembling a beast.— Stn. Igno- 
rant ; cruel ; inhuman ; bestial. 

BRC'TISH-LY, ad. In a brutish manner; rudely. 

BRu'TISH-NESS, n. Brutality; beastliness. 

BRu'TISM, n. The disposition or characteristic 
qualities of a brute. 

+BRu'TUM FtrL'MEN, n. [L.] Harmless thun- 
der ; a loud but harmless threat, [rious species. 

BRT'O-NY, n. A genus of climbing plants of va- 

BuB'BLE, n. A bladder or vesicle filled with air ; 
any thing wanting solidity ; empty project ; a per- 
son deceived. 



BuB'BLE, v. i. To rise in bubbles ; to run with a 
gurgling noise. 

BuB'BLE, v. t. To cheat; to impose on. 

BOB'BLER, n. A cheat ; a knave. 

BOB'BLIXG, a. Rising in bubbles; running with 
a gurgling noise. 

BuB'BY, n. The breast of a woman. 

Bu'BO, n. ; pi. Bb'boes. A swelling of the glands 
of the groin or armpit. 

BU-BoN'O-CELE, n. Rupture in the groin. 

BtrC'GAL, a. Pertaining to the cheek. 

BU/C-CA-NEER',} n. A pirate ; a freebooter, par- 

BUC-A-NIeR', f ticularly the pirates formerly 
infesting the West Indies. 

Bu€'CI-NAL (buk'se-nal), a. Trumpet-shaped. 

BuCK, n. The liquor in which clothes are washed 
or bleached; the male of the deer, goat, sheep, 
rabbit, and hare; a gay, dashing fellow. 

BuCK, v. t. To wash or steep clothes in lye. 

BuCK'-BASK-ET, n. A basket in which clothes 
are carried to be washed. 

BuCK'ET, n. A vessel to ^raw or cany water ; the 
cavities for water on a water-wheel. 

BuCK'ING-STOOL, n. A washing block. 

BuCK'LE (biik'kl), n. An instrument for fasten- 
ing straps. 

BuCK'LE, v. t. To fasten with a buckle ; to en- 
gage ; v. i. to bend ; to bow. To buckle to, to bend 
. to, or engage Avith vigor. To buckle in or icith ; 
to close in; to join in close combat. 

BuCK'LER, n. A kind of shield. 

BuCK'MAST, 7i. The fruit of the beech-tree. 

BuCK'RAM, n. A coarse cloth stiffened with glue. 

BuCK'SKIN, n. The skin or leather of a buck. 

BuCK'THORN, n. A genus of ornamental shrubs. 

BuCK'WHeAT, n. A plant and its seed, cultivated 
for food, called also brajik. 

BU-GoL'IC, a. Relating to shepherds ; pastoral. 

BU-CoL'IC, n. A pastoral poem or song. 

BuD, n. The first shoot of a tree. Buds ai'e of 
three kinds : that containing the flower, that con- 
taining the leaves, and that containing both flow- 
ers and leaves. 

BuD, v. i. To put forth or produce buds or germs ; 
to put forth shoots; to begin to grow; to be in 
bloom. [changing the fruit. 

BuD, v. t. To inoculate a plant for the purpose of 

BuD'DING, ppr. or a. Shooting forth ; n. the act 
of sprouting ; first shooting ; the act of inocula- 
ting by inserting buds. 

B0D6E, a. Brisk; jocund; surly; formal (o6s.). 

Bf;D6E, v. i. To stir; to go ; to move ; to move off. 

BuDg'ET, 7i. Literally, a small bag for carrying 
papers, &c. ; hence, the things contained ; store, 
stock, statement, &c. In Engla7id, statement of 
national finances by the minister. 

BrD'LET, n. A little bud or shoot. 

BuFF, 7i. A yellowish leather, first made of buffa- 
lo skin ; a military coat of such leather ; a light 
yellow color. 

BuF'FA-LO, n. An animal, a kind of wild ox. 

BuF'FA-LO-RoBE, 71. The skin of the buffalo, or 
bison of North America, dressed with the hair on. 

BuF'FER, n. A cushion to deaden the percussion 
of a moving body. 

BuF'FET, v. t. To strike with the hand or fist; to 
box ; to beat ; to strike or struggle against ; v. i. 
to play at boxing. 

BuF'FET, 7i. A blow with the fist on the ear or 
face ; a stroke ; a kind of cupboard. 

BuF'FET-ING, n. A beating with the fist. 

BuF'FLE-HEAD-ED (biif'fl-hed-ed), a. Having a 
large head like the buffalo ; hence, dull, stupid. 

BuF'FO, n. The comic actor in an opera. 

BUF-FOON', n. An arch fellow; a low jester; a 
mimic ; a merry-andrew. 

BUF-FOON'ER-Y, n. The practices of a buffoon ; 
low jesting; drollery. 

BUF-FOON'ISH, a. Like a buffoon. 

BuG, n. The name of a multitude of insects. 



dove, wolf, book; etjle, bull; vi"cious. — € as k 



z ; en as su ; this. * Xot English. 



BUG 



56 



BUR 



BuG'BEAR, n. A frightful object; false dread; 
any imaginary terror. 

BuG'GY, a. Full of or having bugs. 

BuG'GY, n. ; pi. Bug'gies. A light vehicle to be 
drawn by one horse. 

BO'GLE, In. A hunting horn ; a military 

BO'GLE-HoRN,j instrument of music. 

BO'GLE, n. A plant; a shining bead of glass. 

BO'GLER, n. One who plays the bugle. 

BO'GLOSS, n. A genus of plants used for coloring. 

BOIIL (b"le), n. Light and complicated figures of 
unburnished gold, &c, inserted in dark wood or 
tortoise-shell. 

BOHR'SToNE (bur'stone), n. A silicious stone, 
used for mill-stones. 

BUILD (bild), v. t. Ipret. axi&pp. Builded, Built.] 
To raise or make, as a building or structure; v. i. 
to practice building; to rest or depend on for sup- 
port. — Syn. To construct; found; frame; erect. 

BtJiLD'ER (bild'er), n. One who builds, as a 
house, bridge, ship. 

BUILDING (bild'ing), a. Constructing; employ- 
ed in building; n. any edifice, as a house, &c. 

BuLB, n. A round root, as of tulips, onions, &c. 

BULB-iF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bulbs. 

BOLB'OUS, a. Having round roots or heads. 

BOLgE, v. i. To swell in the middle; to bilge. 

BuL&E', n. See Bilge. 

BuLK, a. Literally, that which bulges out; hence, 
the entire mass ; size ; quantity ; the majority or 
chief part. — Syn. Greatness; largeness; extent. 

BuLK'-HeAD, n. A partition in a ship. 

BOLK'I-NESS, n. Largeness of size ; heaviness. 

BOLK'Y, a. Of a large size. — Syn. Big ; large ; 
gross; heavy. 

BULL, n. The male of cattle of the bovine spe- 
cies ; an edict issued by the Pope ; a verbal blun- 
der; a cant term for one who endeavors to raise 
the stocks; opposed to a bear, who strives to de- 
press them. See Blunder. 

BULL'-BaIT-ING, n. The practice of baiting or 
exciting bulls with dogs. 

BULL'-D6G, n. A large dog of great courage. 

BULL'ET, n. A ball of metal for fire-arms. 

BULL'E-TIN, n. An official report of facts or pub- 
lic news; any public announcement, as of recent 
news. [recent intelligence. 

BULL'E-TIN-BoARD, n. A board for posting up 

BULL'-FIGHT (-fite), n. A combat with a bull. 

BULL'-FINCH, n. The name of a singing bird. 

BULL'-FRdG, n. A very large species of frog. 

BULL'-HeAD (-lied), n. A stupid person ; a fish. 

BULL'ION (bull'yun), n. Uncoined silver or gold. 

BULL'OCK, 11. An ox; a young bull. 

BULL'S'-EyE (-i), n. In architecture, a small cir- 
cular or elliptical window ; a thick, round glass. 

BULL'-TROUT, n. A large species of trout. 

BUL'LY, n. An overbearing, quarrelsome fellow. 

BUL'LY, V. t. To overbear with blustering men- 
aces ; v. i. to be veiy noisy and quarrelsome. 

BUL'RUSH, n. A large kind of rush growing in 
water or wet land. 

BUL'WARK, n. A fortification ; fort ; security ; 
railing round a ship's deck; v. t. to fortify with a 
rampart; to protect. 

BUM-BaI I/IFF, n. In England, an under-bailiff. 

BOM'BLE-BEE, n. A large bee. 

BOM'BoAT, n. A small boat for carrying provi- 
sions from shore to ship. 

BOM'KIN, n. A short boom of a ship. [stroke. 

BuMP, n. A swelling or protuberance; a blow; a 

BOMP, v. i. To make a loud, heavy, or hollow 
noise; v. t. to strike heavily; to thump. 

BOMP'ER, n. A glass filled to the brim. 

BOMP'KIN, n. A very awkward person. 

BONN \ n ' A sma11 cake, or sweet bread. 
BONCH, n. A cluster; knot; hard lump; a col- 
lection ; a number of things connected together. 
BONCH, v. i. To grow in knobs; to cluster; to 



swell out in a bunch ; v. t. to collect or tie in a 
bunch. 

BuNGH'Y, a. Growing in, or full of bunches. 

BON'DLE, n. A parcel bound up together. 

BuN'DLE, v. t. To tie or put in a bundle. 

BuNG, n. A stopper for the mouth of a barrel. 

BuNG, v.. t. To stop close with a bung. 

BuN G 'GA-LoW (bung'ga-lo), n. In India,*, coun- 
try house erected by Europeans. [filled. 

BuNG'-HoLE, n. The hole by which a cask is 

BuN G 'GLE (bung'gl). v. i. To do clumsily or badly ; 
v. t. to make or manage clumsily or badly; to 
botch. 

BuN G 'GLER, n. A bad or clumsy workman. 

BuN G 'GLING (biing'gling), a. Clumsy; without 
skill or care. 

BuN G 'GLING-LY, ad. In a clumsy manner. 

BuN'ION (biin'yun), n. An excrescence on the 
great toe, corresponding to a corn. 

BuNK, n. A case of boards for a bed. [Am.] 

BuNT'ING, n. Thin linen cloth ; a lark. 

BUoY (bwoy), n. A floating cask or light piece of 
Avood fastened over an anchor or shoal water for 
a direction, or to bear a cable. 

BUoY, v. t. To keep afloat ; to support ; to uphold ; 
to fix buoys or marks. 

BUoY'AN-CY (bwoy'-), n. The quality of float- 
ing; lightness of spirits.— Syn. Animation; vi- 
vacitv; elasticity; cheerfulness. 

BUoY'ANT (5woy'-), a. That will not sink; 
light ; bearing up, as a fluid. 

BUoY'ANT-LY, ad. In a buoyant manner. 

BuR, n. The prickly head of certain plants. 

BuR'DEN (53) (bur'dn), n. That which is carried 
or borne ; hence, that which is oppressive or wea- 
risome ; the capacity of a ship ; a chief matter ; a 
verse of a song repeated. — Syn. Load; encum- 
brance; oppression. — Burden is generic; a load 
is something laid upon us, as a load of care. The 
other words explain themselves. 

BuR'DEN, v. t. To load ; to encumber; to oppress. 

BuR'DENi/D (bur'dnd), pp. or a. Loaded; op- 
pressed ; overloaded. 

BuR'DEN-OUS, \ fhZiSkr, a 5 a - Grievous; cum- 

BuR'DEN-SOMEJ CDUr an " ; ' ~\ bersome ; oppress- 
ive, [densome; heaviness. 

BuR'DEN-SOME-NESS, n. Quality of being bur- 

BuR'DOCK, n. A genus of plants. 

Bu'REAU (bu'ro), n. ; pi. Bu'reaux or BO'keaus. 
A chest of drawers ; a department for the trans- 
action of business by a public functionary. 

BU-REAU'CRA-CY (ba-ro'-), n. The centraliza- 
tion of power, by making all the bureaux or de- 
partments of a government the mere instrument 
of one chief. [cy. 

BU-REAU-€RAT'I€, a. Pertaining to bureaucra- 

Shi"- A borough. 

BuRG'AgE, n. In English law, an ancient tenure 
by rent, proper to boroughs. 

BuRG'A-MOT, n. A kind of pear; a perfume. 

BUR-GEOIS' (bur-jois'). See Bourgeois. 

BuR'gESS, n. A citizen or freeman of a borough ; 
a representative of a borough; a magistrate of 
certain towns. [ough. 

BuRGH'ER (btirg'er), n. An inhabitant of a bor- 

BuR'GLAR, n. One guilty of nocturnal house- 
breaking with intent to steal. 

BUR-GLa'RI-OUS, a. Consisting in burglary. 

BUR-GLa'RI-OUS-LY, ad. In a burglarious man- 
ner, [night with intent to commit felony. 

BuR'GLA-RY, n. The crime of house-breaking by 

BuRG'O-MAS-TER, n. A magistrate in Holland. 

BuR'GRaVE, n. In Germany, an hereditary gov- 
ernor of a town. 

BuR'GUN-DY, n. Wine made in Burgundy. 

BUR'I-AL (bur'ry-al), n. Act of depositing in the 
grave ; interment. 

Bu'RIN, n. A tool used in engraving. 

BORKE, v. t. [From the name of the Irishman who 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



BUR 



o7 



BUT 



first committed the crime in 1S29.] To murder a 
person with the intention of selling the body for 
dissection. [in fulling. 

B0RL, v. t. To pick burls, knots, &c, from cloth 

BORL'ER, n. A cloth-dresser. 

BUR-LESQUE' (bur-lSsk'), a. Tending to excite 
laughter by highly discordant images. 

BUR-LESQUE' (bur-lesk'), n. A species of humor 
which consists in bringing together images which 
are highly discordant.— Sra. Fun; ridicule; sat- 
ire ; buffoonery. 

BUR-LESQUE', v. t. To make ludicrous. 

BUR-LET'TA, n. A comic opera. 

BOR'LY, a. Great in size ; boisterous. 

BORN, v. t. [pret. and pp. Buened, Btje^t.] To 
consume by fire ; to char or reduce to charcoal by 
fire; to harden or bake in fire ; to injure by fire ; 
to make very dry by heat ; to affect with great 
heat ; v. i. to be on fire ; to flame ; to be hot or in 
a passion ; to feel heat ; to scorch. 

BuRN, n. A hurt or wound caused by fire; the 
operation of burning. 

BuRN'ER, n. One who sets on fire ; any thing 
which promotes or is instrumental to composi- 
tion, as a gas-burner. 

BORN'ING, a. Very hot; flagrant, as a burning 
shame. — Syx Ardent ; fervent ; scorching ; fiery ; 
consuming; vehement; n. combustion; inflam- 
mation ; heat ; sense of heat. 

BCRN'ING-GLaSS, n. A glass that collects the 
sun's rays into a small space, producing intense 
heat. 

BORN'ISH. v. t. To polish by rubbing with some- 
thing hard; to brighten by friction; to make 
smooth and glossy ; v. i. to grow bright. 

BuRN'ISH, n. Gloss; brightness; luster. 

BuRNTSH-ER, n. A person that burnishes; an 
instrument for burnishing. [a victim. 

BORNT'-GF-FER-ING, n. A sacrifice by burning 

BORR, 11. A roughness in sounding the letter r ; 
the lobe of the ear. 

BCR'REL-SHoT, n. Small shot or scrap iron put 
in cases to discharge from cannon. 

BCR'RoW (bur'ro), n. A lodge in the earth for 
animals. [earth. 

BuR'RlAY, v. i. To make or lodge in a hole in the 

BuRS'AR, n. A treasurer or purser. 

BuRS'A-RY, n. The treasury of a college or mon- 
astery. In Scotland, a stipend for the support 
of indigent students. 

BORSE, n. A public edifice for the meeting of 
merchants ; an exchange. 

BC'RST, v. i. [pret. and pp. Burst.] To break or 
fly open suddenly; to make any sudden change 
from restraint, confinement, invisibility, inac- 
tion, absence, &c, to an opposite of different 
state ; v. t. to break or rend by violence ; to open 
suddenly. [explosion or shooting forth. 

BuRST, n. A sudden rent ; an eruption ; a sudden 

BORT, n. A flat fish of the turbot kind. 

BOR'THEN. See Buedex. 

BU'RY (ber'ry), n. A habitation; used as a termi- 
nation of names of towns. 

BU'RY (bur'ry), v. t. To deposit in a grave; to 
hide in surrounding matter; to hide; to repress 
or put an end to. — Syn. To inter. — To bury is 
generic; to inter is to place in the ground, or 
bury the dead. [the dead ; sepulture. 

BU'RY-IXG (beYry-ing), n. The act of interring 

BU'RY-ING-PLaCE (ber'ry-ing), n. A grave- 
yard, [or lining of metal let into an orifice. 

BUSH, n. A shrub; a bough; a thicket; a ring 

BU SH, v. t. To furnish with a bush or with bush- 
es ; v. i. to grow thick or bushy. 

BUSH'EL, n. A dry measure of four pecks. 

BUSH'I-NESS, n. A bushy state. 

BUSH'MAN, n. Name of savages near the Cape 
of Good Hope. 

BUSH'Y, a. Full of bushes; thick; large, [tion. 

BUS'I-LY (blz'ze-ly), ad. With constant occupa- 



BUS'I-NESS (blz'ness), n. Employment; occupa- 
tion ; affair ; concern ; duty. 

BOSK, n. A piece of steel, whalebone, or wood, 
worn by women on the breast. 

BuSK, v. i. To be busy or actively employed. 

BOSK'IX, ii. A half boot worn anciently by actors 
in tragedy ; figuratively, tragedy. 

BuSK'IN.ED, a. Wearing buskins. 

BuSK'Y, a. Shaded with woods; woody. 

BCSS, n. A kiss; a fishing-boat; abridgment of 

BOSS, v. t. To kiss. [Vulgar.] [omnibus. 

BuST, n. The figure of a person in relief, showing 
the head and shoulders. 

BOS'TARD, n. A large bird of the grallic order. 

BuS'TLE (bus'sl), v. i. To be busy; to hurry ; to 
be very active or stirring. 

BuS'TLE (bus'sl), n. A tumult ; hurry ; active 
motion ; confusion ; stir. 

BuS'TLER (bfis'ler), n. A stirring, busy body. 

BuS'TLING (bus'ling), a. Stirring; moving; act- 
ive. 

BUS'Y (biz'zy), a. Employed with constant atten- 
tion. — Stn. Active; meddling; officious. 

BUS'Y (biz'zy), w. t. To employ with constant at- 
tention ; to make or keep busy. [son. 

BUS'Y-BOD-Y (blz'zy-bod-y), n. A meddling per- 

BuT, [pp. obs.]. Except; besides; unless; only. 

BuT, con. More ; further ; noting addition or sup- 
ply, [of a log. 

BuT, n. End; limit; bound; the largest end, as 

Bi;T, v. i. To be bounded, used for abut. 

BUTCH'ER, n. One who kills and dresses animals 
for market; one who causes much bloodshed. 

BUTCH'ER, v. t. To kill ; to slay inhumanly. 

BUTCH'ER-LY, a. Cruel: barbarous; bloody. 

BUTCII'ER-Y, 11. The business of slaughtering 
cattle for market ; cruel murder ; the place where 
animals are killed for market. — Sy>\ Carnage; 
slaughter ; massacre. 

BuT'END, n. The largest or blunt end of a thing. 

BCT'LER, ii. One who has the ca e of liquors. 

BuT'LER-AgE, n. A duty on wine paid to a but- 
ler, formerly levied on wine which was imported 
by foreigners. 

BO t'LER-SHIP, n. The office of a butler. 

BuT'MENT, n. A buttress ; the support of an arch. 

BC'TT, n. A mark to shoot at; end of a plank; a 
kind of hinge ; the person at whom ridicule is 
directed ; a thrust by the head of an animal ; a 
cask equal to two hogsheads. 

BuTT, v. i. or t. To strike with the head or horns. 

BuT'TER, n. An oily substance obtained from 
cream. 

BuT'TER, v. t. To smear or spread with butter. 

BuT'TER-CuP, 11. A species of ranunculus, or 
crowfoot, with yellow flower. 

BCT'TER-FLv, 11. A genus of insects with four 
wings, a spiral tongue, and hairy body. 

BuT'TER-IS, n. A tool for paring a horse's hoof. 

BOT'TER-MiLK, n. The milk which remains aft- 
er the butter is separated from it. 

BOT'TER-NuT, n. The fruit of a tree ; a nut so 
called from its oil. 

BOT'TER-PRiNT, \ n. A piece of wood for stamp- 

BOT'TER-STaMP,] ing butter. 

BOT'TER-TOOTH, n. A broad foretooth. 

BuT'TER-TREE, n. An African plant which 
yields, on pressure, an oily substance used for 
butter. [are kept. 

BuT'TER- Y, n. An apartment where provisions 

BuT'TER- Y, a. Having the appearance of butter. 

BOT'TOCK, n. The rump, or the protuberant part 
behind. 

BOT'TON (but'tn), n. A knob or catch for fasten- 
ing clothes ; a small piece turning on its center 
to fasten doors ; a small round mass of metal ; the 
sea-urchin. [tons. 

BOT'TON (but'tn), v. t. To fasten with or by but- 

Bf-T'TON-HoLE, n. A hole for holding a button. 

BOT'TON-MaK-ER, n. One who makes buttons. 



dove, wolf, book ; kule, bull ; vi"cious. — o as k ; (i as j ; s as z ; cu as su ; this. + Sot English. 



BUT 



58 



CAI 



BuT'TON-WOOD, n. The American plane-tree. 

BuT'TRESS, n. A prop; a mass of masonry to sup- 
port a wall ; a support ; v. t. to support by a but- 
tress. 

BuTTS, n. pi. A place where archers meet to shoot 
at a mark ; sides of the stoutest sole-leather. 

BUT-Y-Ra'CEOUS,? a. Having the qualities of 

BuT'Y-ROUS, f butter. 

Bu'TYR-INE, n. Oily matter in butter. 

BOX'OM, a. Lively; wanton [obedient, obs.]. 

BBX'OM-LY, ad. Briskly; with wanton airs. 

BOX'OM-NESS, n. Briskness: amorousness. 

BUT (bl), v. t. [pret. and pp. Bought (baut)]. To 
purchase ; to obtain for a price ; to bribe ; to re- 
deem ; v. i. to negotiate or treat about a purchase. 

BUy'ER (bl-'), n. One who purchases. 

BfjZZ, n. A humming, low sound; a whisper. 

BuZZ, t. i. To make a humming sound, as bees; 
v. t. to spread by whispers, or secretly. 

BfZZ'ARD, n. A species of hawk ; a blockhead. 

BcZZ'ER, n. A whisperer; a telltale. 

BuZZ'INGr, n. A humming, low noise or talk. 

Bl", prep. Near; through; denoting agency or 
means ; also specification. 

BT, ad. Near; in presence; passing. 

B v- A N D-B Y, ad. Presently; soon; shortly. 

BTE (bl), n. A dwelling ; in a, play or games, sta- 
tion, or place of an individual player. 

By'-eND, n. Private advantage ; interest. 

By'-GONE (20), a. [.Scotch.-] Past; gone by. 

By'-LAW, n. A law of a town, city, or society. 

By'-PaTH, n. A private path. 

By RE, n. A cow-house. 

By'-STAND-ER, n. A looker on ; a spectator. 

By'-STREET, n. A private or obscure street. 

By-THE-By, ad. Noting something interposed 
which is distinct from the main subject of dis- 
course, [ed purpose or design. 

By'-VIEW (bi'vft), n. Private view; self-interest- 

By'-YVaY, n. A secluded or private walk. 

By'-WoRD, n. A common saying ; a proverb. 

BI'Z'ANT, \n. A gold coin of the value of 

ByZ'AN-TINE,j fifteen pounds sterling. 

BY-ZaN'TIAN f a ' Pertainill S to Byzantium. 



C. 



f^ is the third letter of the English alphabet, and 

^- / the second articulation or consonant. It has 
two sounds; one close, like k; the other sibilant, 
like s. The former is distinguished in this work 
by the character C. 

€aB, n. An Oriental measure of nearly three 
pints; an abbreviation of cabriolet, a one-horse 
vehicle. 

C A-BaL', n. A small body of men secretly'plotting 
for political advancement. — SYjjrParty; faction. 
— Cabal and faction differ ivom party, being al- 
ways used in a bad sense. A cabal intrigues se- 
cretly to gain power ; & faction labors more or less 
openly to change or break down the existing or- 
der of things. 

C A-BAL', v. i. To intrigue privately ; to plot. 

CAB'A-LA, n. A mysterious science among the 
Jewish Rabbins ; tradition. 

CAB'A-LLSM, n. Secret science of the cabalists. 

CAB'A-LIST, n. One skilled in Jewish traditions. 

CAB-A-LIST'IC, a. Pertaining to the mysteries 
of Jewish traditions ; occult ; secret. 

CA-BaL'LER, n. An intriguer; one who plots. 

CAB'BAgE, n. A genus of plants of several spe- 
cies ; v. i. to form a head in growing. 

CaB'BAgE, v. t. To embezzle, as pieces of cloth 
in making clothes, [sengers ; a cottage ; a hut. 

CAB'IN, n. A room in a ship for officers and pas- 

CAB'IN, v. t. To confine in a cabin ; v. i. to live 
in a cabin ; to lodge. 



€aB'IN-BOY, n. A boy who waits on the master 
and passengers in a ship. 

CaB'IN-ET,?i. A closet; a room for consultations; 
the select or secret council of the supreme execu- 
tive of a nation ; a piece of furniture with boxes, 
drawers, &c. ; a safe place for valuables. 

€aB'IN-ET-€OUN'CIL, n. Confidential council 
of a chief ruler or magistrate. 

€aB'IN-ET-MaK-ER, n. A maker of furniture, 
such as cabinets, bureaus, tables, &c. 

Oa'BLE, n. A strong rope or chain, to hold a ves- 
sel at anchor. 

Ca'BLJB/D, a. Fastened with a cable; having 
wreathed moldings resembling a cable. 

CA-BOOSE', n. The cook-room or kitchen of a 
ship ; a ship's fire-place for cooking. 

OAB-RI-O-LET' (-o-lu'), n. LFY.] A light one- 
horse carriage. 

CA-Oa'O, n. The chocolate tree. 

CACII'A-LOT, n. The spermaceti whale. 

CACHE (kash), n. A hole in the ground for hiding 
and preserving provisions or goods in the West. 

CA-CH£C'TIC (-kek'tik), a. Having an ill habit 
of body. 

+CAcH'ET (kash'a), n. A seal. [Fr. Lettre de 
cachet, a warrant for the imprisonment of some 
one.] 

CA-CHfiX'Y, n. An ill habit of body. 

CACH-IN-Na'TION, n. Loud laughter. 

CACK'LE (kak'kl), v. i. To make the noise of a 
hen ; to laugh with a broken noise, like the cack- 
ling of a goose ; to prate foolishly. [prattle. 

CACK'LE, n. The noise of a hen or goose ; foolish 

CaCK'LING, n. The broken noise of a goose or hen. 

+OAC-0-E'THE$ (kak-o-5'thez), n. IGr.] A bad 
habit ; an incurable ulcer. 

CA-CoG'RA-PHY, n. Bad spelling. [of words. 

CA-CoPH'O-NY (-kof-), n. A disagreeable sound 

CACTUS, n. A genus of plants of very various 
and often grotesque forms. 

CA-DaV'ER-OUS, a. Like a dead body ; pale. 

CaD'DIS, n. A kind of tape ; a worm. 

CaD'DY, n. A small box for tea. 

CaDE, a. Tame; gentle; soft; delicate. 

Ca'DENCE, \ n. A fall of voice in reading or 

Ca'DEN-CY,J speaking; sound or tone; modu- 
lation. 

Ca'DENT, a. Falling down ; sinking. 

CA-DkN'ZA, n. A fall or modulation of the voice 
in speaking or singing. 

CA-DkT', n. One who serves as a volunteer to 
acquire the military art ; a pupil in a military 
school ; a younger brother. 

Ca'Di (kii'dy), n. A Turkish judge. 

CAD-Mk'AN, a. Pertaining to Cadmus, who 
brought the letters of the Greek alphabet out of 

CA-Du'CE-US, n. Mercury' s wand. [Phoenicia. 

OA-Du'CI-TY, n. A tendency to fall. [lyx. 

CA-Du'COUS, a. Falling early, as leaves, or a ca- 

CiE-Su'RA (se-zii'ra or se-su'ra), n. A figure in 
poetry, by which a short syllable after a complete 
foot is made long ; the natural pause or rest of 
the voice, which, falling upon some part of a 
verse, divides it into two equal or two unequal 
parts. [sura, or the pause in verse. 

C^E-Su'RAL, a. Relating to the poetic figure cce- 

+CaF'E (kaf'fa), n. [Fr.] A coffee-house. 

CaF'E-NET, n. In Turkey, a hotel. 

CAF-Fe'IG, a. Obtained from coffee. 

CAF'TAN, 11. A Parisian or Turkish garment. 

CagE, n. A box or inclosure to confine birds or 
beasts; a prison for petty criminals. 

CagE, v. t. To confine in a cage. 

ct'-iQUE' \ n - A Turkish skiff or li % hi b° at ' 

CaTMAN.' See Cayman. 

CAIRN, n. A conical pile of stones. 

CaIS'SON, n. A chest of bombs or powder; a 
wooden frame used in building the piers of 
bridges ; an ammunition chest or wagon. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; tueee, teem; masene, hied; move, 



CAI 



59 



CAL 



CaI'TIFF, n. A base fellow; a villain. 

CAJ'E-PUT, n. An oil from the East Indies. 

CA-JoLE', v. t. To influence or delude by flattery. 
— Sy». To wheedle; coax; fawn; Matter; delude; 
entrap. 

CA-JoL'ER, n. A flatterer; a wheedler. 

€A-JoL'ER-Y, n. Flattery; a wheedling. 

CaKE, n. A small loaf or mass of bread, &c, usu- 
ally of a flattened form ; any mass of a flat shape, 
as a cake of ice. 

CaKE, v. i. To form into a hard mass or concre- 
tion ; v. t. to form into a cake or mass. 

CAL'A-BASH, n. A popular name of the gourd- 
plant; a vessel like a gourd-shell. 

CAL'A-BOOSE, n. A prison. (U. S.) 

€AL-A-MAN£3'0, n. A kind of woolen stuff. 

CAL'A-MiXE, n. A native carbonate of zinc. 

CA-LaMI-TOUS, a. Unfortunate; distressing; 
full of calamity. 

CA-LAM'I-TY, n. A condition of things involv- 
ing or producing great distress. — Syjn-. Disaster ; 
misfortune ; mishap ; mischance. — Calamity is 
either private or public, and is a somewhat con- 
tinuous state; disaster {lit, ill-starred) is a sud- 
den and distressing event or stroke, as if from 
some hostile planet. Misfortune, mishap, mis- 
chance, are words which diminish in force ac- 
cording to the order in which they stand. 

CAL'A-MUS, n. A kind of reed or flag. [head. 

C A- LASH', n. An open carriage; a cover for the 

CAL-Ca'RE-OUS, a. Having the nature and prop- 
erties of lime ; containing lime. 

OAI/CE-A-TED, a. Shod ; furnished with shoes. 

CAL-CiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing calx or lime. 

CAI/CI-FORM, a. In the form of calx. 

CAL-ClX'A-BLE, a. That may be calcined. 

€5AL-CI-Na'TION, n. The operation of calcining. 

CAL-CIXE', v. t. To reduce to a powder or to a 
friable state by heat ; v. i. to be reduced to a 
powder or to a friable state by heat. 

CAL-ClX.E'D' (-sind'), a. Reduced to a powder, &c. 

CaL'CI-UM, n. The metallic basis of lime. 

CAL'CU-LA-BLE, a. That may be calculated. 

CAL'CU-LaTE, r. t. To compute; to reckon; to 
ascertain by the use of tables or numbers; to 
count. — Syn. Calculate is generic, referring to 
the operation as a whole ; compute relates to the 
obtaining of a gross sum or amount ; reckon and 
count to the details in so doing. — In calculating 
an eclipse, we go through many computations 
which require us to reckon and count. 

CAL'CU-LaTE, V. i. To make a computation ; in 
New England, improperly used for intend or pur- 
pose; as, J calculate to go a journey. 

€AL-€JtJ-LA'TION, n. Computation; reckoning; 
estimate from a consideration of circumstances. 

C AL'C U-La-TOR, n. One who computes or calcu- 
lates. 

CAL'CU-LOUS, a. Stony ; gravelly ; gritty. 

*CAL'€U-LUS, n. [L.] The stone in the bladder 
or other parts of the body; one of the branches 
of the mathematics ; pi. CaVce-li. [er. 

CAL'DROX (kawl'dron), n. A large kettle or boil- 

CAL-E-Fa'CIEXT (-fa'shent),a. Warming; heat- 
ing. 

CAL-E-FAC'TIOX, n. The act of warming. 

CAL-E-F ACTIVE, a. That makes warm or hot. 

CAL'E-FY, v. t. To make warm ; v. i. to grow 
warm or hot. 

CAL'EX-DAR, n. An almanac ; a register of the 
year ; an arranged list or enumeration ; v. t. to 
write in a calendar. 

CAL'EX-DER, n. A hot press or machine for mak- 
ing cloth smooth and glossy by pressing with hot 
rollers ; a low class of dervishes in the East. 

CAL'EXDS, n. pi. Among the Romans, the first 
dav of each month. 

CAL"'EX-TuRE, n. An ardent fever, incident to 
persons in hot climates. 

CaLF (kaf ), n. ; pi. Calves (kiivz). The young 



of a cow ; the thick part of the leg behind ; a 
weak or stupid person. 

€AL'I-BER,r n. The diameter of a body; the 

CAL'I-BRE, j bore or size of the bore of a gun ; 
mental capacity. 

CAL'iCE, n. A cup. See Chalice. 

CAL'I-€0, n. ; pi. C'Il'i-coes. Printed or imprint- 
ed cotton cloth. 

CAL'ID, a. Hot or warm ; scorching. 

CA-LID'I-TY, n. Heat ; burning heat. 

CAL'I-DUCT, n. A pipe used to convey hot air. 

Ca'LIF. See Caliph. 

CA-Lio'IX-OUS, a. Dim; obscure; dark. 

CAL'I-PERS, n. pi. Compasses with curved legs 
for measuring the diameters of round bodies. 

CAL'IPH, n. A successor or representative of 
Mohammed. 

CAL'IPH-ATE, n. The office of a caliph. 

CAL-IS-TII£X'IC, a. Pertaining to calisthenics. 

CAL-IS-TH£X'ICS, n. pi. Exercises designed to 
promote grace of movement aud strength of body. 

Ca'LIX, n. A flower cup. See Calyx. 

CAEK (kauk), v. t. To stop seams of a ship or 
other vessel ; to arm with sharp points ; n. a sharp 
point on a shoe. (U. S.) 

CALK'ER (kauk'er), n. One who stops seams. 

C ALK'IXG-i-ROX (-i-urn), n. An instrument like 
a chisel used in calking. 

CALL, v. t. To appoint by invitation ; to demand ; 
to name. — Syn\ To convoke ; to summon ; to bid. 
— Call is generic ; summon and convoke imply 
some right or authority, as to summon a witness 
or convoke an assembly ; to bid supposes superior- 
ity, as to call a servant and bid him do something; 
V. i. to cry out ; to address by name or utter a call 
to ; to make a short stop or visit. 

CALL, n. A demand; address; summons; invi- 
tation ; a short visit ; vocation ; a calling. 

CAL-LI-GRAPH'IC, a. Pertaining to elegant pen- 
manship. 

CAL-LiG'RA-PHIST, n. An elegant penman. 

CAL-LIG'RA-PHY, n. Beautiful writing. 

CALL'IXG, n. Act of naming ; employment ; oc- 
cupation, [music and heroic poetry. 

CAL-Li'O-PE, n. The muse who presides over 

CAL-LoS'I-TY,? n. A corneous or bony hardness, 

CAL'LUS, \ as of the skin from pressure or 

friction ; a hard tumor. 

CaL'LOUS, a. Hard; indurated; insensible. 

CAL'LOUS-XESS, n. Hardness; insensibility. 

CAL'LoW, a. Destitute of feathers ; unfledged. 

CALM (kiim), a. Quiet ; not agitated.— Syn. Still ; 
serene ; unruffled ; tranquil ; n. freedom from 
motion or disturbance. — Sys. TranquiRity ; stiU- 
ness. [fy. 

CaLM (kam), v. t. To quiet ; to appease ; to paci- 

CaLM'LY, ad. In a calm manner. 

CaLM'XESS (kam'ness), n. A state of rest or 
quiet. — Syx. Quietness; stiUness; tranquillity; 
serenity ; rep«e ; composure. [cury. 

CAL'O-MEL, n^^A medicinal preparation of mer- 

CA-LoR'IC, n. The principle or element of heat. 

CAL-O-RiF'IC, a. Producing heat. 

CAL-O-RiM'E-TER. n. An apparatus for measur- 
ing relative quantities of heat. 

CA-LOR-I-aIo'TOR, n. A galvanic instrument for 
evolving caloric. 

CaL'O-TyPE, n. A daguerrotype taken on paper 
covered with the iodid of silver. 

CaL'TROP, n. Xame of sharp pointed instru- 
ments scattered on the ground to impede the pass- 
ing of cavalry. 

€AL'u-MET, n. The Indian pipe of peace. 

CA-LuM'XI-aTE, v. t. or i. To accuse falsely.— 
Syn. To slander; defame; traduce; asperse; be- 
lie; libel; lampoon. [of a crime or offense. 

CA-LUM-XI-a'TIOX, n. Slander; false accusation 

CA-LuM'XI-a-TOR, n. A false accuser; a slan- 
derer. 

CA-LuM'XI-OUS, a. Slanderous ; defamatory. 



DOVE, "WOLF, BOOK ; EULE, BULL ; Vl"CIOES. 



-■e as k : g as J 



s as z ; en as sh ; tiiis. * Not English. 



CAL 



GO 



CAN 



CA-LuM'NI-OUS-LY, ad. Slanderously. 

GAL'UM-NY, n. The uttering of a false and ma- 
licious charge against the reputation of another. 
— Syn. Slander ; defamation ; libel. — Calumny 
properly denotes the originating or first uttering 
of such a charge; the remaining words apply to 
this, and also to the circulation of the charge 
Avhen originated by others. 

GAL'VA-RY, n. The place of Christ's crucifixion ; 
a chapel in a grave-yard, &c. 

GaLVE (kiiv), v. i. To bring forth a calf. 

CAL'VIN-LSM, n. The theological doctrines of 
Calvin the reformer. 

GAL' VIN-IST, n. One who adheres to Calvinism. 

CAL-ViN-iST'IG, a. Pertaining or adhering to 
Calvin or his opinions in theology. 

CALX, n. Lime or chalk; formerly, the earthy 
residuum from calcination. [of a flower. 

Ca'LYX, n, ; pi. Ca'lyx-es. The outer covering 

■CAM, n. A projection on a wheel or axle to pro- 
duce reciprocating motion. 

CAM'BER, n. A piece of timber cut archwise. 

CAM'BER-ING, a. Arched ; bending. [cotton. 

€aM BRIC, n. A species of fine white linen or 

-CAM' EL, n. A large quadruped used in Asia and 
Africa as a beast of burden ; a machine for bear- 
ing ships over bars. 

GA-MeL'O-PaRD or CAM'EL-O-PXRD, n. An 
African animal, called also the giraffe. 

CAM'E-O, n. ; pi. Gam'e-os. A precious stone 
(onyx, agate, &c), sculptured in relief. 

GAM'E-RA Lu'CI-DA, n. An optical instrument 
for tracing landscapes or other objects. 

+CAM'E-RA OB-SCu'RA, n. [L.] An optical in- 
strument for throwing the images of external ob- 
jects on a screen in a darkened chamber or box. 

GAM-IS-XDE ', n. An attack by surprise at night. 

CAM'LET, n. A stuff of wool and silk or hair. 

CAM'O-MlLE, n. A bitter plant used in medicine. 

CAMP, n. A temporary abode or lodging-place of 
troops, or of any company of men in the field ; the 
order of tents. 

•CAMP, v. t. or i. To rest or lodge, as troops or 
travelers, on the ground ; to pitch a camp. See 
Encamp. 

GAM-PaIGN' (kam-pane'), n. The time an army 
keeps the field in one year; an open field. 

GAM-PaIGN', v. i. To serve in a campaign. 

CAM-PaIGN'ER (pii'ner), n. An old soldier. 

CAM-PAN'I-FORM, a. In the shape of a bell. 

CAM-PA-NoL'O-GY, n. Art of ringing bells. 

GAM-PeS'TRAL, a. Pertaining to the open field. 

GAM'PHeNE, n. A name for pure oil of turpen- 
tine, or sjririt of turpentine. 

CAM'PIIOR (knm'for), n. A solid concrete juice 
of the Indian laurel-tree. [phor. 

GAM'PHOR-a-TED, a. Impregnated with cam- 

CAM-PHoR IC, a. Pertaining to camphor. 

CAN, v. i. \_pret. Could.] To be able. — Syn. Can 
but; can not but. — "1 can frwijperish if I try," 
means it is the utmost that am befall me;. "J 
can not but think," &c, means, "I can not (mor- 
ally) but do it" — that is, can not help it. This 
latter idea of constraint is a very common one, 
and should always be expressed by the words can 
not but. Can but is properly used (as above) only 
where we refer to the worst that can happen. 
Able writers in America sometimes overlook this 
distinction. 

CAN, n._ A cup or vessel for liquors. 

+CA-NaILLE' (ka-nale'), n. IFr.] The mob ; the 
rabble ; the lowest of the people. 

GA-NAL', n. An artificial water-course"; a pipe or 
passage in the body. 

CAN'AL-CoAL, n. See Catstnel-coal. 

CA-Na'RY, n. A kind of wine ; a song-bird from 
the Canary Isles. 

CANCEL, v. t. To blot out ; to make void. 

CAN'CEL, n. The reprint of a part of a work in 
order to correct some error. 



CAN'CEL-La-TED, a. Crossed by lines. 

GAN-CEL-La'TION, n. A defacing by cross lines. 

GAN'CER, n. A crab ; a sign in the zodiac ; a vir- 
ulent ulcer. 

GAN-CER-a'TION, n. The formation of a cancer. 

GaN'CER-OUS, a. Like or consisting of a cancer. 

CAN'GRI-F_ORM, a. Cancerous. 

CAN-DE-La'BRUM, n. ; pi. Gan-de-la'bra. A tall 
stand or support for lamps ; a branched candle- 
stick. 

GAN'DENT, a. Glowing with heat ; bright. 

GAN'DID, a. Literally, white ; hence, having an 
impartial spirit in judging or estimating others. 
— Syn. Fair ; open ; frank ; ingenuous. — A man 
is fair when he puts things on a just or equitable 
footing; he is candid when he looks impartially 
on both sides of a subject, doing justice especially 
to the motives and conduct of an opponent ; he is 
open and frank when he declares his sentiments 
without reserve ; he is ingenuous when he does 
this from_a noble regard for truth. 

GAN'DI-DaTE, n. One who seeks or is proposed 
for an office. 

GaN'DID-LY, ad. Fairly; frankly; honestly. 

GAN'DID-NESS, n. Fairness; ingenuousness. 

CANDLE, n. A cylinder of tallow, wax, or other 
combustible, inclosing a wick, to burn for light ; 
a light. [of the Virgin Mary, Feb 2. 

GAN'DLE-MAS, n. The feast of the purification 

CAN'DLE-STICK, n. That which holds a candle. 

CAN'DOR, n. Freedom from prejudice or dis- 
guise. — Syn. Fairness; impartiality; openness; 
ingenuousness; sincerity. 

GAN'DY, v. t. To conserve with sugar ; to congeal 
or make concrete, as sugar. 

CAN'DY, v. i. To become concrete or form into 
crystals ; to congeal, as sugar. 

GAN'DY, n. A species of confectionery. 

CaNE, n. A reed ; a walking-stick. 

GaNE, v. t. To beat with a cane or stick. 

GaNE'-BRaKE, n. A thicket of canes. 

GA-NIG'u-LA, n. Sirius, or the dog-star. 

GA-NiG'u-LAR, a. Belonging to the dog-star. 

CA-NINE', a. Belonging to or having the qualities 
of a dog. [Quite as often pronounced ca nine.] 

GaN'ING, n.. A beating with a cane or stick. 

GAN'IS-TER, n. A small box for tea. 

C ANK'ER, n. A disease in plants ; an eating sore ; 
corrosion. 

GANK'ER, v. t. To eat, corrode, or corrupt ; v. i. 
to grow corrupt ; to corrode; to decay. 

GANK'ER-OUS, a. Corroding like a canker. 

CANK'ER-WORM, n. A worm destructive to trees 
or fruit. 

GAN'NEL-GoAL,? n. A fossil coal sufficiently 

CAN'DLE-GuAL,f solid to be cut and polished. 

GAN'NI-BAL, n. A human being that eats human 
flesh. [by man ; murderous cruelty. 

GAN'NI-BAL-ISM, n. The eating of human flesh 

GAN'NON, n. A large piece of ordnance ; a heavy 
cylinder for projecting balls, &c, by the force of 
gunpowder. 

GAN-NON-ADE', n. An attack by means of can- 
non ; a battering with cannon-shot. 

GAN-NON-aDE , v. t. To attack with heavy artil- 
lery ; v. i. to discharge cannon. [cannon. 

GAN'NON-BALL, n. A ball to be thrown from 

OAN-NON-EER ,V n. One who manages cannon ; 

CAN-NON-I'ER ', f an engineer. 

GANNON-SH6T, n. A cannon-ball ; the range of 
shot from a cannon. 

GAN'NOT. Can and not [not properly connected]. 

GA-NoE' (ka-noo'), n. A boat made of bark or 
skins, or the trunk of a tree excavated. 

GAN'ON, n. A rule or law, usually applied to ec- 
clesiastical law ; a dignitary of the Church of En- 
gland ; the genuine books of Scripture. 

+C aN'ON (kun'yon), n. {.Sp>.] A deep gully or bed 
of a mountain torrent. [California.'] 

GAN'ON-ESS, n. A woman who enjoys a prebend. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; tiieee, term; maeine, jbied ; move, 



CAN 



CI 



CAP 



CA-NoN'IC-AL, a. According to, or included in 
the canon; regular. [the canon. 

CA-NoN'IG-AL-LY, ad. In a manner agreeable to 

GA-N6N'IC-ALS, n. pi. The official dress of the 
clergy. 

GA-N6N'IG-ATE,) n. A benefice in a cathedral 

CAN'ON-RY, >- or collegiate church ; the of- 

€aN ON-SHIP, ) fice of a canon. 

CAN-ON-iC'I-TY (-is'e-ty), n. The state of be- 
longing to the canon, or genuine books of Scrip- 
ture. 

GAN'ON-IST, n. A professor of the canon law. 

GAN-ON-iST'IO, a. Relating to a canonist. 

€AN-ON-I-Za'TION, n. An enrolling of a de- 
ceased person, by papal decree, among saints; 
the state of being sainted. 

CAN'ON-iZE, v. t. To declare to be a saint, and 
enroll in the canon as such. Copy. 

CAN'O-PLED (kan'o-pid), a. Covered with a can- 

GAN'O-PY, n. A covering or cloth of state over 
the head ; a cover ; v. t. to cover or adorn with 

GXNT. Abbreviation of can not. [a canopy. 

CANT, v. t. To thrust or impel suddenly; to tip 
or incline; to toss; to sell by auction; v. i. to 
speak in a whining or affectedly solemn tone. 

CANT, n. A toss ; a throw or push ; an inclina- 
tion ; a whining, affected manner of speech ; pre- 
tensions to goodness ; a word or phrase hackney- 
ed, corrupt, or peculiar to some profession ; slang. 

GAN'TA-LoUPE,) , . jn. A small variety 

CAN'TA-LEuP, j <--ioop;, -\ of muskmelon. 

CAN-Ta'TA, n. A poem set to music; a song. 

CAN-TEEN', n. A small tin case for liquors, &c. 

CAN'TER, v. i. To move as a horse in a moderate 
gallop ; v. t. to ride upon a canter ; n. a moder- 
ate gallop. 

C vNT'ER, n. One who cants or whines. 

CAN'TER-BU-RY TaLE, n. A fabulous story, so 
called from the_ tales of Chaucer. 

GAN-THAR'I-De$, n. pi. ; Can'tiia-ris, sing. 
Spanish flies used for blistering. 

GAN'TI-CLE, «. A song. Canticles, the Songs 
of Solomon. [of goodness. 

CANTING, a. Whining; n. ridiculous pretense 

CAN TO, n. ; pi. Gan'tos. Part of a poem ; divi- 
sion ; a song. In music, the first treble. 

CAN'T ON, n. Division of a country ; a distinct 
part or division. 

CAN'TON, v. t. To divide into small districts or 
portions ; to allot quarters to troops. 

CAN'TOX-AL, a. Pertaining to a canton. 

CAN'TON-IZE, v. t. To divide into districts. 

CAN'TON-MENT, n. Distribution of troops in a 
town or village into quarters ; the separate quar- 
ters, [sails, tents, &c. 

CAN'VAS, n. A coarse hempen or linen cloth for 

CAN'VASS, v. t. To examine closely or scrutinize, 
as a doubtful question; to examine closely, as a 
district, in order to obtain votes or subscribers, &c. ; 
v. i. to solicit votes or subscriptions to books, &c. ; 
to make interest in favor of; followed by for. 

CaN'VASS, n. Strict examination ; a seeking or 
solicitation. 

CAN'VASS-ER, n. One who solicits votes or sub- 
scriptions ; one who examines the returns of votes. 

Ca'NY, a. Abounding in canes. 

CAN-ZO-NeT', n. [/«.] A little song in one, two, 
or three parts. [gum-elastic. 

CAoUT'CHoUG (koo'chook), n. India-rubber or 

CAoUT'CHOU-CiNE (koo'choo-sin), n. An in- 
flammable and volatile oily liquid, obtained by 
distillation from caoutchouc. 

C.\P, n. A cover for the head ; the top. 

CAP, v. t. To put on a cap ; to cover the top or 
end ; to spread over ; to match, as verses. 

CA-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity; fitness. 

Ca'PA-BLE, a. Having the requisite capacity or 
ability.— Stn. Able; competent; qualified; fitted. 

CA-Pa'CIOUS (-pa'sh-us), a. Holding much. — 
Syn. Large ; wide ; broad ; extensive ; ample. 



C A-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, n. Wideness ; extent ; com- 
prehensiveness, [ify. 

CA-P. .C I-TaTE, v. t. To make capable ; to qual- 

CA-PaC'I-TY, n. The power of receiving and 
containing ; powers of the mind ; contents. — Syn. 
Qualification; space; ability; faculty; talents. 
See Ability, [foot; all over. 

+CAP-A-PIE' (kap-a-pe'), ad. IFr.} From head to 

CA-PAR'I-SON, n. Dress or trappings, as of a 
horse. [adorn. 

CA-PAR'I-SON, v. t. To dress pompously; to 

CaPE, n. A headland ; neck-piece of a coat. 

Ca-PER, n. The bud of the caper-bush ; a leap ; a 
skip. [frisk about. 

Ca'PER, v. i. To skip frolicsomely ; to leap ; to 

Ca^_PER-ING, a. Leaping; skipping. [debtor. 

+Ca'PI-AS, n. [Z,.] In law, a writ for arresting a 

CAP-IL-La'CEOUS (-la'shus), a. Having long fil- 
aments ; hairy. [a fibre. 

CA-PLL'LA-MENT, n. The filament of a flower ; 

CAP'IL-LA-RY or CA-PiL'LA-RY, a. Resembling 
a hair ; pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels ; 
minute ; slender. — Capillary attraction or repul- 
sion, that which causes the ascent or descent of a 
fluid in capillary tubes. 

CAP'IL-LA-RY, n. A small blood-vessel or tube. 

CA-PIL'LI-FORM, a. In the shape or form of a 
hair or of hairs. 

CAP'I-TAL, n. Principal sum or stock required 
to carry on trade or manufactures ; large letter ; 
chief city or seat of government ; upper part of a 
column. 

CAP'I-TAL, a. First in importance; affecting 
life; large, as a capital letter. — Syn. Chief; 
principal; leading; contoolling. 

CAP'I-TAL-IST, n. One who has a capital or 
stock. [ly; excellently. 

CAP'I-TAL-LY, ad. In a capital manner ; brave- 

GAP-I-Ta'TION, n. Numeration by the head; 
poll-tax ; sometimes written capitation-tax ; a tax 
upon each head or person. 

*CAP'I-TE, n. [L.] In English law, a tenant in 
capite is one that holds land immediately from 
the king. 

GAP'I-TOL, n. A castle and temple in Rome ; the 
edifice occupied by the national or state legisla- 
ture ; a_government house. 

CA-PIT'u-LAR, \ n. The statutes of a chapter 

GA-PiT'u-LA-RY,j or of an ecclesiastical coun- 
cil ; member of a chapter ; laws of Charlemagne. 

CA-PiT'u-LA-RY, a. Relating to the chapter of a 
cathedral. _ [terms. 

GA-PiT'u-LaTE, v. i. To surrender on specified 

GA-PIT-u-La'TION, n. A surrender on terms. 

GA-Pi'Vi (ka-pe'vy), n. A tree ; balsam capivi, a 
resinous juice from the tree. See Copaiba. 

CA-PoCH' (ka-pooch'), n. lit.'} A monk's hood. 

Ga'PON (ka'pn), n. A castrated cock fatted for 
the table. 

+CAP-0N-IERE' (kap-o-neer'), n. [Fr.] In forti- 
fication, a passage from one part of a work to an- 
other, protected by a parapet. 

+CA-PoTE', n. lFr.~] An outer garment. 

CAP'-PA-PER, n. A coarse wrapping paper. 

GA-PRl'CE (-prsece'), n. Sudden or unreasonable 
change of mind or humor. — Syn. Whim ; freak ; 
fancy; vagary. 

CA-PRi"CIOUS (-prlsh'us), a. Apt to change 
opinions or purposes suddenly. — Syn. Freakish ; 
whimsical ; unsteady ; changeable ; fickle. 

CA-PRI"CIOUS-LY (-prish us-ly), ad. Whimsic- 
ally; freakishly. [ishness. 

CA-PRi"CIOUS-NESS, n. Whimsicalness; freak- 

+CAP'RI-CORN, n. [L.] The tenth sign (the goat) 
in the zodiac, which the sun enters on the 21st of 
December. 

CAP'RI-FORM, a. Having the form of a goat. 

CA-PRicVE-NOUS, a. Produced by a goat. 

GAP'-SHeAF, n. The top sheaf of a stack of 
grain; the crown er. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; KULi 



crous. — o as k ; o as j ; $ as z ; ch as sh ; this. 



Not English. 



CAP 



C2 



CAR 



CAP'SI-CUM, n. Guinea or Cayenne pepper. 

CAP-SiZE', v. t. To overturn ; to upset. 

CAP'STAN, n. A machine turned by levers for 
raising anchors, &c, on board ships [sometimes 
written capstern]. 

CAP SU-LAR, a. Hollow, like a 'chest or vessel. 

CAP'SU-LATE, a. Inclosed in a capsule, or as in 
a chest. [low pericarp, with cells for seeds. 

CAP SOLE, n. The seed-vessel of a plant, or hol- 

CAP'TAIN (kap'tin), n. The commander of a com- 
pany or ship ; a chief commander. [captain. 

CAP'TAIN-CY, ii. The commission or rank of a 

CAP'TAIN-SHIP,J n. The rank or post of a cap- 

CAP'TAIN-RY, j tain ; military skill. 

CAP'TION, n. A certificate appended to a legal 
instrument, showing when and by what authori- 
ty it was taken, found, or executed; the act of 
taking or arresting. [A technical laiv term.'] 

CAP'TIOUS (kap'shus), a. Apt to find fault.— 
Syn. Caviling; petulant; fretful. — One who is 
captious is ready to catch at the slightest faults ; 
one who is caviling does it on trivial or imagina- 
ry grounds ; one who is petulant (L. peto) is apt, 
from irritability, to make hasty but slight at- 
tacks ; fretfulness is complaining impatience. 

CAP'TIOUS-LY, ad. In a captious manner. 

€AP'TIOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to find fault. 

CAP'TI-VaTE, v. t. To take prisoner ; to charm; 
to engage the affections. 

€AP'TI-VA-TING, ppr. or a. Taking prisoner; 
charming; tending to engage the affections. 

€aP-TI-Va'TION, n. The act of taking captive ; 
a charming. 

CAP'TIVE, n. One taken in war ; a prisoner. 

CAP'TiVE, a. Made prisoner ; enslaved. 

C AP-TIV'I-TY, n. The state of being a prisoner ; 
bondage; subjection to love. [er. 

CAP'TOR, n. One who takes a prize or a prison- 

CAPT'uRE (kapt'yur), n. A taking; seizure of a 
prize ; the thing taken. 

CAPT'uRE, v. t. To take as a prize in war; to 
takebyforce under the authority of a commission. 

CAP-U-cHi'N' (kap-yu-sheen'), n. A monk of the 
order of St. Francis ; a cloak with a hood. 

*€a'PUT M6R'TU-UM, n. [£.] Worthless resid- 
uum or remains. [railroads. 

CXR, n. A cart ; a chariot ; a large carriage on 

CAR'A-CoLE, n. [i*V.] -An oblique movement of 
a horse. 

CAR'AT, n. A term showing the fineness of gold. 
It supposes the whole mass to consist of 24 parts 
or carats; hence, if perfectly pure, it is 24 carats 
fine ; if I pure, it is 18 carats fine, &c. In dia- 
monds, the carat is a definite weight, viz., Si- 
grains Troy. 

•CAR' A- VAN, n. A body of traveling pilgrims or 
traders ; traveling cages of animals for show. 

€AR-A-VAN'SA-RY,J n. A kind of inn for cara- 

C AR-A-VAN'SE-RA, J vans of travelers in Asia. 

■CAR'A-VEL,t n. A small vessel employed in the 

CXR'VEL,_ f herring fishery. 

•CaR'A-WaY, n. An aromatic plant. 

CXR'BINE, \ n. A short gun borne by light- 

CAR'A-BINE,{ horsemen. 

CXR-BIN-EER', n. A man who carries a carbine. 

CXR'BON, n. Pure charcoal ; an elementary sub- 
stance existing pure and crystallized in the dia- 
mond, [containing carbon. 

•CXR-BON-a'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. Pertaining to or 

CXR-BO-Na'Ri, n. Literally, coal-burners ; a se- 
cret society in Italy aiming at republican institu- 
tions, [and a base. 

CXR'BON-ATE, n. A compound of carbonic acid 

CXR'BON-a-TED, a. Combined with carbonic 
acid. 

CXR-BoN'IC, a. Pertaining to or obtained from 
carbon. [coal. 

CXR-BON-iF'ER-OUS, a. Producing carbon or 

CXR-BON-I-Za'TION, n. The act or process of 
carbonizing. 



Pertaining to the heart. 



CXR'BON-IZE, v. t. To convert into carbon by 
combustion* or action of heat. [et-work. 

CXR'BO Y, ii. A large glass bottle incased in bask- 

CXR'BUN-CLE (-bunk-kl), n. An inflammatory 
tumor ; a beautiful gem or precious stone. 

CXR'BUN-CLi'D (-bunk-kid), a. Spotted; set 
with carbuncles. 

CXR'BU-RET, n. A combination of carbon with 
some other substance, the resulting compound 
not being an acid. 

CXR'CA-NET, n. A chain or collar of jewels. 

CXR'OASS, n. A dead body of an animal ; an old 
frame or hull ; a perforated iron case filled with 
combustibles for firing towns. 

CXRU, n. A piece of paper or pasteboard con- 
tainin gcolored figures {used in games) ; a name, 
address, advertisement, &c. ; an explanatory or 
other note in a newspaper; an instrument for 
combing wool or flax ; a compass-card. 

CXRD, v. t. To comb ; to open and make soft with 
a card or carding machine ; v. i. to play much at 
cards. 

CXR'DA-MINE, n. A plant called lady's smock. 

CXR'DA-MOM, ». An aromatic seed used in med- 
icine, [ing machine. 

CXRD'ER, n. One who uses a card or tends a card- 

CXR'DI-AC, X „ 

CXR-Dl'AC-AL,f a ' 

CXR'DI-NAL, a. Principal; chief; eminent. — The 
cardinal points are North, South, East, and West; 
the cardinal signs are Aries, Libra, Cancel', and 
Capricorn; the cardinal virtues are Prudence, 
Justice, Temperance, and Fortitude; the cardi- 
nal numbers are one, two, &c, in distinction from 
the ordinal numbers, first, second, &c. 

CXR'DI-NAL, n. A dignitary of the Roman Cath- 
olic Church next in rank to the Pope; a fowl; a 
woman's cloak. 

CXR'DIN-AL-ATE, ? n. The rank or office of a 

CXR'DIN-AL-SHIPJ cardinal. 

CXRD'ING-MA-cHi'NE' (-sheen'), n. A machine 
for combing, breaking, and cleansing wool and 
cotton. [of the heart. 

CXR-DI-oI/O-GY, n. The science which treats 

CXRD'-MaK-ER, n. A maker of cards. 

CARE (4), n. Heed with a view to safety; uneasi- 
ness of mind; regard; caution; oversight. — Syn. 
Anxiety; solicitude; concern. — Care belongs pri- 
marily to the intellect, and becomes painful from 
overburdening thought ; anxiety is a state of pain- 
ful uneasiness from the dread of evil ; solicitude 
and concern express the same feeling in dimin- 
ished degrees. [to be inclined. 

CARE, v. i. To be solicitous; to heed or regard; 

CA-REEN', v. t. or i. To heave on one side ; to in- 
cline to one side. 

CA-REER', n. A course; race; a running. 

CA-REER', v. i. To move or run rapidly. 

CARE'FUL (4), a. Full of solicitude; cautious; 
saving. ' 

CARE'FUL-LY, ad. With care or caution. 

CARE'FUL-NESS, n. Great solicitude ; caution ; 
vigilance against evil. 

CARE'LESS, a. Having no care ; not regarding 
with care. — Syn. Heedless ; negligent ; thought- 
less; inattentive; remiss; supine; unconcerned. 

C ARE'LESS-LY, ad. Without care ; in a careless 
manner; heedlessly. 

CARE'LESS-NESS, n. Heedlessness; inattention. 

CA-ReSS', v. t. To embrace or treat with affec- 
tion ; to fondle. 

CA-ReSS', n. Embrace; act of endearment. 

Ca'RET, n. This mark (a), noting an omission. 

CXR'GO, n. _A ship's lading; freight. 

CAR'I-CA-TURE', n. A picture in which the feat- 
ures are exaggerated in a laughable manner ; a 
ludicrous representation. 

CAR'I-CA-TuRE', v. t. To make a caricature; to 
exhibit as more ugly than life. [ers. 

CAR'I-CA-TOR'IST, 11. One who caricatures oth- 



a, e, &c, long.—!, £, &c., short. — cake, eae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mae'ine, bied; move, 



CAR 



63 



CAS 



+€a'RI-e$ (kii're-Gz), n, LL.] The ulceration of a 
bone. [cart; a kind of calash. 

CAR'1-oLE, n. A small open carriage ; a covered 

€a'RI-OUS, a. Decayed; defective ; ulcerated. 

CXRK'ING. a. Distressing ; giving anxiety 
(obs.). 

CXRL, n. A rude, brutal man ; a kind of hemp. 

CXR'MAN, n. One who drives a cart. [pear. 

CXR'MLL-ITE, n. A mendicant friar; a sort of 

CXR-MiN'A-TiVE, n. A medicine tending to re- 
lieve flatulency; a. anti-spasmodic; relieving 
flatulency. [ful crimson color. 

CXR'MIXE, n. A powder or pigment of a beauti- 

CXR'XAgE, n. Great destruction of lives. — Syn. 
Slaughter; butchery; massacre. 

CXR'XAL, a. Fleshly; sensual; lewd. 

CXR-XAL'I-TY, n. Fleshly desires ; sensuality ; 
love of sensual pleasures. 

■eXR'NAL-iZE, v. t. To debase to carnality. 

€XR'XAL-LY, ad. According to the flesh. 

CXR'XAL-MIXD'ED, a. Worldly minded. 

CXR-Xa'TIOX, n. Flesh color ; a beautiful flower. 

CXR-XeL'IAX (-nel'yan), n. A precious stone; a 
reddish variety of chalcedony. 

CXR'XE-OUS, a. Having the qualities of flesh. 

€XR'XI-Fy, v. i. To form flesh ; to become flesh. 

CXR'XI-VAL, n. A papal festival during twelve 
days before Lent, celebrated with much pomp and 
revelry. 

CXR-XiV'O-ROUS, a. Feeding on flesh. 

CAR'OL, n. A song of joy, devotion, or praise. 

CAR'OL, v. i. To sing ; to warble ; v. t. to praise 
or celebrate in song. 

CAR'OL-IXG, n. A song of praise or devotion. 

CA-R6T'ID, a. Term applied to two arteries 
which carry the blood from the heart to the head. 

CA-ROUS'AL (-rou'zal), n. A noisy drinking bout. 
— Syn. Feast ; banquet. — Feast is generic ; a ban- 
quet is a sumptuous feast; a carousal is unre- 
strained indulgence in frolic and wine. 

€A-ROU$E', v. i. To drink freely and noisily. 

CA-ROU$'ER, n. A drinker; a noisy reveler. 

CXRP, n. An excellent pond-fish. [peevishly. 

CXRP, v. i. To snap at; to cavil; to censure 

CXRP'AL, a. Pertaining to the wrist. 

CXR'PEX-TER, n. A worker in timber ; a framer 
and builder of houses or ships. 

CXR'PEX-TRY, n. The art of building houses, 
ships, &c, of timber; the work of a carpenter. 

CXRP'ER, n. One who carps or cavils. 

CXR'PET, n. A covering for a floor or stairs. — To 
be on the carpet, to be under consideration. 

€XR'PET, v. t. To cover with a carpet. 

€XR'PET-ED, a. Covered with a carpet. 

CXR'PET-IXG, n. Carpets in general ; cloth for 
carpets. [act of caviling unreasonably. 

CXRP'IXG, a. Finding fault peevishly; n. the 

CAR'RIAgE (kar'rij), n. The act of carrying; a 
vehicle with two or more wheels ; that which car- 
ries or is carried ; piice of carrying ; mode of car- 
rying one's self. — Syn. Vehicle; conveyance; de- 
meanor; behavior. [riages. 

€AR'RIAgE-A-BLE, a. Passable by wheel car- 

CAR'RI-ER, n. One who carries ; a porter. 

CAR'RI-OX, n. Worthless or putrid flesh ; a. re- 
lating to carcasses ; feeding on carrion. 

CAR-ROX-aDE', n. A short piece of ordnance. 

CAR'ROT, n. A garden plant and its root, used 
for food. [dish yellow. 

€AR'ROT-Y, a. The color like a carrot, or red- 

CAR'RY, v. t. To bear ; to convey ; to gain or ac- 
complish; to extend; to manage; to behave; to 
transfer; to continue; v. i. to convey, as a gun; 
to bear the head in a particular manner, as a 
horse. 

CAR'RY-ALL, n. [Corrupted from cariole]. 

CXRT, n. ' A carriage of burden on two wheels ; 
v. t. to convey in a cart ; v. i. to use carts for car- 
riage. 

CXRT'AgE, n. Act of carting ; price of carting. 



+CXRTE-BLXNCHE' (kart-blansh'), n. LFr.] 
Blank paper, signed at the bottom with a person's 
name, to be filled up as another pleases ; hence, 
unconditional terms. 

CXR-TeL', n. An agreement for the exchange of 
prisoners ; a ship sent for exchange of prisoners, 
&c. ; a challenge. 

CXRT'ER, n. One who drives a cart. 

CXR-Tli'tfilAN (kiir-tu'zhan), a. Relating to the 
philosophy of Des Cartes; n. one holding the 
philosophy of Des Cartes. 

CXR-THu'tflAN (-thu'zhan), a. Relating to an 
order of monks so called from Chartreuse, the 
place of their institution. [grisile. 

CXR'TI-LA6E, n. A tough, elastic substance; 

CXR-TI-LAgTN-OUS, a. Having the qualities of 
gristle. 

CXR-T6G'RA-PHY, n. Art of preparing charts. 

CXR'TON, n. A pasteboard box for holding nice 
articles, as ribbons, &c. 

CXR-TOON', n. A painting on large paper ; a de- 
sign for tapestry or for fresco painting. 

€XR-ToUCH' (kar-tooch'), n. A case for balls; a 
portable box for cartridges; a roll or scroll in 
the form of a tablet. 

CXR'TRIDgE, n. A paper case for a charge of 
powder. [tridges. 

CXR'TRIDgE-BoX, n. A box with cells for car- 

CXRT'-RuT, n. A track of a cart-wheel. 

CXRT'WRIGHT (-rite), n. A maker of carts. 

CAR'UN-CLE, n. A fleshy excrescence. 

CXRVE, v. t. To cut into pieces, as meat at table ; 
to cut figures on, or to cut into some form ; to 
apportion ; to hew ; v. i. to cut up meat ; to prac- 
tice as a sculptor. [ting. 

CXRVjE'D (klxrvd), pjx or a. Cut; shaped by cut- 

CXRV'ER, n. One who carves ; a large knife for 
carving. 

CXRV'IXG, n. The act of cutting ; the art of cut- 
ting figures; sculpture; figures carved. 

€AR-Y-a'TE$, _ \n.pl. In architecture, carved 

€AR-Y-AT'I-DE$,j figures of women in long 
robes_supporting an entablature. 

CAS-CaDE', n. A waterfall less than a cataract. 

CAS-C A-RiL'LA, n. The bark of the Croton Eleu- 
theria ; a tonic. 

CaSE, n. Literally, that which fcdls; hence, an 
event or state of things ; a question at issue ; a 
mode of varying words; a frame for printers' 
type; a covering or packing-box. — Syn. Situa- 
tion ; condition ; state ; circumstances ; plight. 

CaSE, v. t. To cover with or put in a case. 

CaSE'-HXRD-EN (-har-dn), v. t. To make hard 
on the outside, as iron by changing the surface 
to steel. 

C aSE'KNIFE (-nife), n. A kitchen or table knife. 

CxVSE'MaTE, n. In fortification, a vault of ma- 
son's work in the flank of a bastion, serving as a 
battery_to defend the opposite bastion and ditch. 

CaSE'MaT-ED, a. Furnished with a casemate. 

CaSE'MENT, n. A part of a window ; a sash turn- 
ing on hinges ; a hollow molding. 

C a'SE-OUS, a. Having the qualities of cheese. 

Ca'SERN, n. A lodge for soldiers near the ram- 
parts in a garrisoned town. 

CaSE'-SHoT, n. Balls and other missiles inclosed 
in a case; canister-shot. 

CASH, n. Money; coin; ready money. [for. 

CASH, v. t. To convert into money; to pay money 

CASH'-BOOK, n. A book in which accounts of 
monev are kept. 

CASH-EW -NuT, n. The fruit of the cashew, a 
tree which grows in the West Indies. 

CASH-IeR' (kash-eer'), n. A cash-keeper; the 
second_officer of a bank. 

CASH-IeR' (kash-eer'), v. t. To dismiss from an 
office or place of trust by annulling the commis- 
sion ; to discard from service or from society ; to 
reject ; _to vacate. [try where first made. 

CASH'MeRE, n. A shawl, so called from the coun- 



dove. wolf, neoK; eule, isi;ll; vi'ciOLS.- 



k ; y as j ; s as z ; en as sa ; tuis. 



Sot English. 



CAS 



64 



CAT 



CaS'ING, n. Act of covering; covering with a 
case ; a covering ; a kind of plastering. 

+GA-SI NO (ka-sC'"no), n. lit.'} A building used for 
social meetings, card-playing, &c. 

CASK (6), 11. A wooden vessel for liquors, provi- 
sions, &c, as a barrel, pipe, &c. 

€ ASK, \ n. A helmet ; defensive armor for the 

CASQUE, j head. 

CASK'ET, n. A small box; a chest for jewels. 

CAS'SA-DA, n. A genus of plants affording the 
two kinds of starch used for food, called tapioca 
and cassava. 

CAS-Sa TION, n. A repealing or making void. 

CAS'SA-VA, n. A starch-like substance obtained 
from the cassada plant. [side quires of a ream. 

CAS'SE-PA-PER, n. Broken paper; the two out- 

€AS'SIA (kash'ya), n. A genus of plants of many 
species, including the senna; also a species of 
laurel. 

CAS'SI-MeRE, n. Twilled woolen cloth. 

CAS-Sl'NO (ka-se'no), n. A game at cards. 

CAS'SOCK, n. A kind of long frock-coat worn by 
a priest. [bling the ostrich. 

CAS'SO-WA-RY, n. A tall Asiatic bird resem- 

CAST (6), v. t. [pret. and pp. Cast]. To throw ; 
to shed ; to fling ; to condemn ; to found or form ; 
to overcome ; to cashier : to calculate ; to produce 
abortively. 

•CAST, n. A throw; space thrown through; mo- 
tion; turn; a tinge, or slight degree of; appear- 
ance; form; that which is cast or formed in a 
mold ; a trick. [mind ; to contrive. 

•CAST, v. i. To receive form ; to revolve in the 

CAS'TA-NET, n. An instrument of music formed 
of small concave shells of ivory or wood. 

€AST'A-WAY (-wa), n. One abandoned to de- 
struction. 

CASTE (6), n. In Hindostan, a tribe or class of 
the same profession, as the caste of Bramius ; a 
distinct rank or order of society. 

CAS'T EL-LAN, n. The governor of a castle. 

CAS'TEL-LA-TED, a. Inclosed ; adorned with 
turrets and battlements like a castle. 

CAST'ER, n. A thrower ; a founder ; a computer ; 
a small wheel and swivel on which furniture rolls ; 
a frame with vials or bottles for the table. 

CAS'TI-GATE, v. t. To punish by stripes.— Syn. 
To lash ; chastise. 

€AS-TI-Ga'TION, n. Punishment by stripes.— 
Syn. Chastisement; correction; discipline. 

CAS'TI-GX-TOR, n. One who corrects. 

CAS'TI-GA-TO-RY, a. Tending to correct. 

CAS'TXLE SoAP (kas'teel sope), n. A pure kind 
of soap, white or mottled. [in a mold. 

CAST'ING, n. Act of casting; that which is cast 

CAST'ING-NeT, n. A net to be thrown by hand. 

CAST'ING- VoTE, n. Vote of a presiding officer 
which decides when the others are equally di- 
vided. 

CAS'TLE (kas'sl), n. A fortified house ; a fortress ; 
castle in the mV, a visionary project; v. t. in chess, 
to cover the king with a castle by a certain move. 

CAS'TLE-BUILD'ER, n. One who forms vision- 
ary schemes. 

GAS'TLI?D (kas'sld), a. Furnished with castles. 

C AS'TOR, n. A beaver, or a hat made of its fur ; 
a moiety of the constellation Gemini ; a meteor 
appearing on some part of a shin at sea. 

CAS'TOR-OIL', n. The oil of the Palma Christi 
nuts. It is a mild cathartic. [camping. 

CAS-TRA-ME-TA'TION, n. The act or art of en- 

CAS'TRaTE, v. t. To geld or deprive of testicles ; 
to emasculate. [trenching. 

CAS-TRa'TION, n. The act of gelding or of re- 

CAS-TReN'SIAN, a. Belonging to a camp. 

CAST'-STEEL, n. Steel that has been fused in a 
crucible and then cast into bars. 

CA$'u-AL (kazh'yu-al), a. Happening by chance. 
— Syn. Accidental; fortuitous; incidental; occa- 
sional. — Casual and fortuitous are substantially 



the same ; a thing is accidental when not planned 
or sought, as a meeting; incidental when it falls 
in as secondary, or out of the regular course of 
things, as a remark; occasional when it occurs 
only now and then. 

CAS'u-AL-LY, ad. Accidentally; by chance. 

CA$'u-AL-TY (kazh'yu-al-ty), n. That which 
takes place by accident; hence, injury; loss. — 
Syn. Chance ; misfortune ; contingency. 

CAS'u-IST (kazh'yu-ist), n. A resolver of cases 
of conscience. 

CAS'u-IST-RY (kazh'yyi-ist-iy), n. The skill or 
practice of a casuist ; the science of determining 
the right or wrong of acts and opinions. 

CAT, n. A domestic animal ; a coal-ship ; a tac- 
kle to draw an anchor to the cat-head ; a double 
tripod ; a wjiip. [words. 

CAT-A-CHRe'SIS, n. An abuse of a trope or of 

CAT-A-CHReS'TIC, a. Belonging to a catachre- 
sis; forced; far-fetched. 

GAT'A-GLYSM, n. A deluge ; an overflowing of 
water. 

CAT'A-CoMB (kome), n. A cave, grotto, or sub- 
terraneous place for burial of the dead. 

li?±Sl"-6pS'-AL} * Eeflecti ^ ^ 

CAT'A-GRAPH, n. The first draft of a picture ; 
a profile. 

CAT-A-LeC'TIC, a. Deficient in a syllable. 

CAT-A-LeC'TIC, n. Averse wanting one syllable. 

CAT'A-LEP-SY, n. [Gr.] A disease which seizes 
with a sudden suppression of motion. 

CAT'A-LoGUE, n. A list or register of names. — 
Catalogue raisonne, a catalogue of books classed 
according to their subjects. 

CA-TAL'PA, n. The Catalpa cordifolia, a large 
southern flowering-tree. 

CAT-A-MA-RAN', n. A kind of raft ; a floating 
battery ; an explosive vessel for blowing up ships. 

CAT-A-Me'NI-A, n. Monthly flowings. 

CAT'A-MOUNT, n. A furious beast; a wild-cat. 

CAT-A-PeLT'IC, a. Pertaining to the catapult. 

CAT'A-PLASM, n. A kind of soft poultice. 

CAT'A-PULT, n. An ancient engine to throw 
stones. 

CAT'A-RACT, n. A large waterfall ; disorder in 
the eye from the opacity of the lens or pupil. 

CA-TaRRH' (ka-tar'), n. A defluxion or increased 
secretion from the nose and bronchise. 

CA-TaRRH'AL (-tar'-U a. Pertaining to a ca- 

CA-TXRRH'OUS, j tarrh or increased se- 

cretion of mucus. 

CA-TAS'TRO-PHE, n. The winding up of a plot ; 
a final event ; an unfortunate conclusion ; calam- 
ity ; disaster. [condemn plays. 

CAT'CALL, n. A squeaking instrument used to 

CATCH, v. t. [pret. and pp. Catched or Caught]. 
To lay hold of; to stop ; to seize; to insnare; to 
take an infection ; v. i. to communicate ; to 
spread by infecting; to seize and hold. 

CATCH, n. Act of seizing; a snatch; any thing 
that takes hold; a sudden advantage taken; a 
song, or part of it, which is caught up and re- 
peated. 

CATCH'ER, n. One who catches or seizes. 

CATCH'ING, a. Infectious; contagious. 

CATCH'PEN-NY, n. Something worthless, used 
to get money by catering to the popular taste or 
credulity. 

CATCIPPoLL, n. A bailiff's assistant. 

CATCH'UP,? n. A liquor or condiment made of 

CAT'SUP, j tomatoes, mushrooms, &c, for a 
sauce. 

CATCH'-WoRD, n. A word by which we are to 
catch what follows, as an actor from the prompt- 
er's lips ; also, a word formerly printed under the 
last line of a page, by which we may catch the 
first word of the next page. 

CAT-E-CHeT'IC, \ a. Consisting in ques- 

CAT-E-CHeT'IC-AL,j tions and answers. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



CAT 



Go 



CAU 



CaT'E-CHISE (kat'e-kize), V. t. To question; to 
teach by questions and answers; to interrogate 
and instruct in religion. 

€aT'E-€HI8-EB, n. One who catechises. 

€aT'E-€HI8>M, n. A form of instructions by 
questions and answers; an elementary book, in 
which the principles of religion or of any branch 
of knowledge are explained hy question and an- 
swer. 

CAT'E-CHIST, n. One who catechises. 

CAT-E-CHiST'IC-AL,l a. Pertaining to a cate- 

GAT-E-CHiST'I€, f chist or catechism. 

€AT'E-€HU (kat'e-ku), n. A brown astringent 
extract obtained in India. 

CAT-E-CHu'M EX (-ku'inen), n. One in the rudi- 
ments of Christianity; one preparing himself for 
baptism. 

€AT-E-GoR'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to a category ; 
hence, absolute; positive; express; not evasive. 

CAT-E-GoR'IC-AL-LY, ad. Absolutely ; express- 
ly; positively. 

CaT'E-GO-RY, n. In logic, a class or order of 
ideas, as quantity, quality, relation, &c. ; hence, 
state or situation. — Syx Predicament. — Category 
and predicament are both popularly used to ex- 
press the idea of condition or situation, but with 
this difference, that predicament supposes it to 
be a bad or unfortunate one. Hence to say, "I 
am in the same category with you," is not of ne- 
cessity to say, "I am in the same predicament." 

€JaT'E-NaTE, v. t. To connect by links. 

CAT-E-Xa'TIOX, n. Connection by links, as in a 
chain ; regular connection. 

Ca'TER, v. i. To provide food. 

Ca'TER-ER, n. One who provides food. 

Ca'TER-ESS, 11. A woman who provides food. 

C AT'ER-PIL-LAR, n. A well-known creeping an- 
imal, being the worm state of butterflies and 
moths. 

CaT'ER-WAUL, v. i. To cry as a cat. 

€aTES, n,pl. Delicious food; viands. 

CATTISH, n. A fish of the shark kind; also a 
fresh-water fish of the bull-head kind. 

CAT'GUT, n. Intestines of sheep and other ani- 
mals dried and twisted for strings; a kind of 
linen or canvas with wide interstices. 

CATH'A-RIST, n. One who pretends to extraor- 
dinary purity. 

€aT'-HaRP-INGS, n. pi. Small brace-ropes for 
the shrouds of a ship. 

CA-THaR'TIC, ) a. Purging ; cleansing the 

CA-THaR'TIC-AL,j bowels. 

CA-THaR'TIC, n. A purgative medicine. 

CaT'HeAD (kat'hSd), n. The name of two pro- 
jecting timbers at a ship's bow, with pulleys for 
adjusting the anchors when weighed. 

€ATH'E-DRAoiCA-THE'DRA,n. [(??'.] A chair; 
the seat of a person in authority. 

€A-THli'DRAL, n. The principal church in a di- 
ocese ; a, relating to a cathedral. 

CATH'E-TER. n. In surgery, a tubular instru- 
ment for drawing off urine. 

€ aTH'O-LIG, a. Embracing the whole ; not ex- 
clusive ; pertaining to all Christians; pertaining 
to the Roman Catholic Church. — Syn. Universal ; 
liberal ; comprehensive. [olic Church. 

CaTH'O-LIC, 11. A member of the Roman Cath- 

CA-TH6L'I-CI$M, n. Universality; liberality; 
the faith of the whole Church ; particularly, ad- 
herence to, or the doctrine of, the Roman Catho- 
lic Church. 

€ATH-0-LiC'I-TY (-lis'e-ty), n. The system of 
doctrine, discipline, and worship held by the 
Roman Catholic Church ; the faith of the early 
fathers and councils; freedom from sectarianism 
or narrowness of views. 

CA-TH5L'I-COX, n. A universal medicine. 

CaT'KIX, n. A calyx, having chaffy scales on a 
stalk. [or moss of walnut-trees ; catgut. 

CaT'LIXG, n. A dismembering knife; the down 



GaT'MIXT, In. A plant resembling mint, of 

GAT'XIP, J which cats are fond. 

GAT-O'-XiXE'TaILS, n. A whip with nine lashes. 

GA-ToP'TEIO, X a. Relating to catoptrics, or 

GA-ToP'TRIC-AL,j vision by reflection. 

CA-ToP'TRIGS, n. pi. [£r.] That part of optics 
which explains the properties of reflected light. 

CAT S'FOOT, n. A plant ; the ground ivy. 

GaT'S'-PAW, n. A dupe ; the instrument of an- 
other ; in sea plirase, a light air perceived by a 
rippling of the water. [of the bovine kind. 

GAT'TLE (kaVtl), n. Beasts of pasture ; animals 

CAT'TLE-SHoW, ii. An exhibition of domestic 
animals for prizes, or the encouragement of ag- 
riculture, [eering purposes. 

€ AU'GUS, n. A preparatory meeting for election- 

CAU'DAL, a. Pertaining to the tail, or to the 
thread which terminates the seed of a plant. 

GAU'DaTE, a. Having a tail or a tail-like term- 
ination, [dients for the sick. 

€ AU'DLE, n. A mixture of wine and other ingre- 

CAUF, n. A chest with boles for keeping fish 
alive in water. 

CAUL, n. A membrane covering the lower part 
of the bowels; a kind of net for inclosing the hair. 

GAU-LeS'CEXT, a. Having a herbaceous stem 
bearing both leaves and fructification. [bage. 

GAU'LI-FLOW-ER, n. A delicate species of cab- 

CAUS'AL (kaw'zal), a. Relating to or implying 
causes. 

€ AUS-aLT-T Y, n. In phrenology, the faculty of 
tracing effects to causes ; agency of a cause. 

GAUS-a'TIOX, n. Act of causing or producing. 

GAUS'a-TIYE, a. That expresses a cause; that 
effects as a cause. 

CAUS'A-TiVE-LY, ad. In a causative manner. 

CAUSE (kawz), n. That which produces an effect ; 
a suit at law; side or party; impulse to action; 
reason ; a final cause is the end or obj ect at which 
we aim. — Syn. Agency ; motive ; inducement. 

CAUSE, v. t. To produce ; to effect ; to make to 
exist. [ducing agent ; without cause. 

CAUSE'LESS, a. Having no just cause or no pro- 

CAOE'LESS-LY, ad. Without cause or reason. 

GAUSE'LESS-XESS, n. The state of being cause- 
less; groundlessness. [causes. 

GAUS'ER, n. The agent tbat produces; he that 

GAUSE'WaY, In. A raised way over wet 

CAUS'EY, j ground. 

CAUS'TIC, a. Acting like fire ; burning; excess- 
ively severe; corroding the flesh. — Syn. Stinging; 
cutting; pungent. 

CAUS'TIC, n. A burning or corroding applica- 
tion. Lunar caustic, nitrate of silver used as a 
corrosive. 

CAUS-TiC'I-TY (kaus-tis-e-ty), n. The quality 
of burning or corroding ; great severity. 

GAU'TEL-OUS, a. Cautious; cunning; crafty. 

GAU'TER, n. A searing hot iron. 

CAU'TEE-ISM, n. The application of a cautery. 

CAU'TER-IZE, v. t. To burn or sear with a hot 
iron or caustic. [hot iron. 

CAU'TEE-lZ-IXG, n. Act of burning, as with a 

CAU'TER-Y, n. A burning or searing, as morbid 
'flesh, with a hot iron or caustic ; a hot iron or 
a caustic substance. 

CAU'TIOX, 11. Provident care ; wariness; warn- 
ing against evil. — Sra. Forethought; forecast; 
prudence; injunction; precept; exhortation. 

CAU'TIOX, v. t. To warn ; to give notice of dan- 
ger; to advise against; to admonish. 

GAU'TIOX-A-RY, a. Containing caution ; given 
as a pledge. 

CAU'TIOUS, a. Watchful against danger; ex- 
tremely careful. — Syn. Wary ; circumspect. — A 
man is cautious chiefly as the result of timidity ; 
one may be wary, i. e., watchful in a high degree 
against danger, and yet bold and active ; a cir- 
cumspect man looks around him to weigh and de- 
liberate. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK; RULE, BULL; VI CIOUS.- 



-€ as K ; 
E 



J ; s as z ; cuassn; this. + Xot English. 



CAU 



66 



CEN 



€AU'TIOUS-LY, ad. Prudently; with caution. 

GAU'TIOUS-NESS, to. The quality of being cau- 
tious, care to avoid danger; prudence. 

CaV'AL-CaDE, to. A procession on horseback. 

CAV-A-LIeR' (kav-a-leer'), to. A horseman, es- 
pecially an armed horseman; a knight; one of 
the party of Charles I., in distinction from the 
Roundheads, or opposite party. 

GAV-A-LIeR', a. Brave ; warlike ; haughty. 

GAV-A-LIeR'LY, ad. Haughtily; arrogantly. 

CaV'AL-RY, to. Military troops on horses. 

+GA-VaSS', to. A Turkish policeman or govern- 
ment attendant. 

*GAV-A-Ti'NA (kav-a-te'na), to. [/£.] In music, 
a short air, without a return or second part. 

■GaVE, to. A den ; a hollow place in the earth ; a 
cavern. 

GaVE, v. t. To make hollow; v. i. to dwell in a 
cave ; to cave in, to fall in and leave a hollow. 

•^Ga'VE-AT, n. [1/.] A process in law to stop pro- 
ceedings; a caution; a warning. [earth. 

GAVERN, n. A large cave ; a hollow place in the 

GAV'ERN^D (kav'emd), a. Full of caverns; 
lodged in a cavern. 

CaV'ERN-OUS, a. Full of caverns. 

G A-VlARE' (ka-veer'),t n. The roes of certain fish 

GaV'I-aR (kav'e-iir), (" prepared and salted. 

GaV'IL, v. i. To raise captious or futile objec- 
tions; to. false or frivolous objections. 

CaVTL-ER, to. One who raises captious objec- 
tions; a captious disputant. [aperture. 

GaV'I-TY, to. A hollow place. — Syn. Opening; 

G AW, v. i. To cry as a rook or crow. 

GaY-eNNE' (ka-Gn'), n. A species of very pun- 
gent pepper. 

GaY'MAN (ka'man), to. A name of the alligator. 

GA-Zi'QUE'J (ka-zeek'), to., An Indian chief in 

GA-ZiC', j Mexico. 

CeASE (seece), v. i. To stop or leave off; to be 
wanting; to be at an end; to abstain. — Syn. To 
desist ; forbear ; fail ; discontinue ; v. t. to put a 
jtop to. [sant. 

CeASE'LESS, a. Never ceasing ; endless; inces- 

CeASE'LESS-LY, ad. Without stopping; inces- 
santly; perpetually. 

CeAS'ING-, to. Cessation; stopping; peace. 

Ce'DAR, to. A genus of evergreen trees. 

CEDE, v. t. To yield up to another; to give up. — 
Syn. To relinquish ; surrender ; resign ; transfer. 

CE-DIL'LA, n. A mark under the letter c, in 
^French, showing that it sounds like s. 

Ce'DRiNE, a. Belonging to cedar. 

CEIL (seel), v. t. To cover or line the inner roof 
j}f a building or top of a room. 

CeIL'ING (seel'ing), to. The covering of the inner 
roof or top of a room ; the surface of an apart- 
ment overhead ; the inside planks of a ship. 

CeL'E-BRaTE, v. t. To make known with hon- 
or; to distinguish by ceremonies or marks of 
joy. — Syn. To praise; extol; commemorate. — Ex- 
tol is stronger than praise; we commemorate 
events which Ave desire to cherish in affectionate 
remembrance by appropriate rites, as the death of 
our Savior; we celebrate by demonstrations of 
public joy, processions, &c, as the birth-day of 
our independence. [ed; famous; renowned. 

CeL'E-BRa-TED, a. Praised ; extolled ; honor- 

CEL-E-BRa TION, to. The act of celebrating ; an 
honoring with praise or solemnities; commemo- 
ration bymarks of joy or respect. 

CeL'E-BRa-TOR, to. One who celebrates. 

CE-LeB'RI-TY, to. Public fame or distinction ; a 
distinguished personage. — Syn. Renown; honor; 
repute. 

CE-LeR'I-TY, to. Swiftness or rapidity of motion 
in living beings. — Syn. Speed; velocity; fieet- 

CfiL'E-RY, to. A plant used as a salad. [ness. 

CE-LeS'TIAL (-lgst'yal), a. Heavenly; pertain- 
ing to heaven ; belonging to the upper regions or 
visible heavens; to. an inhabitant of heaven. 



CeL'I-BA-CY, to. Single life ; unmarried state. 

CeL'I-BATE, to. An unmarried person ; single 
life; celibacy. 

CELL, to. A small, close room or habitation, as in 
a prison, or of a monk or hermit ; a small cavity ; 
a vesicle. 

CeI/LAR, to. A room under a house or building. 

CeL'LAR-AgE, to. Cellars in general ; space in a 
cellar ; charge for storage in a cellar. 

CeL'LU-LAR, a. Consisting of cells ; full of mi- 
nute cavities. 

CeLT'IG, a. Pertaining to the Celts, or primitive 
inhabitants of the south and west of Europe ; to. 
the language of the Celts. 

CELT'I-CIiBM, to. The customs of the Celts. 

CeM'ENT or CE-MeNT', to. An adhesive sub- 
stance which unites bodies; water-lime; figura- 
tively, a bond of union between persons. 

CE-MeNT', v. t. To unite by some cohesive sub- 
stance ; to join closely ; v. i. to unite and become 
solid; to cohere. 

CEM-ENT-a'TION, n. The act of uniting by ce- 
ment; the process of affecting or changing a 
body by heating it to redness while encompassed 
with some powdered substance or paste, as con- 
verting iron to steel by cementation with char- 
coal, [ments. 

OE-MeNT'ER, to. The person or thing that ce- 

CeM'E-TER-Y, to. A place for the burial of the 
dead bodies of human beings. 

CeN'O-BITE, to. A monk who lives in a com- 
munity or convent. 

CEN-O-BiT-IC-AL, a. Living in community. 

CeN'O-TAPII (sSn'o-taf), to. A monument for one 
buried elsewhere. 

CeNSE, v. t. To perfume with odors. [burned. 

CeNS'ER, to. A pa;i or vase in which incense is 

CeN'SOR, to. A Roman magistrate who inspected 
morals; one empowered to examine manuscripts 
for the press ; a critic. 

CEN-So'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a censor. 

CEN-Su'RI-OUS, a. Severe; full of invectives; 
addicted to censure. 

CEN-So'RI-OUS-LY, ad. In a censorious manner. 

CEN-So'RI-OUS-NESS, to. Disposition to cen- 
sure; habit of blaming and condemning. , 

CeN'SOR-SHIP, to. The office of a censor. 

CeN'SOR-A-BLE (sen'shur-), a. Deserving of cen- 
sure. 

CeN'SuR-A-BLY (sen'shur-), ad. In a manner 
worthy of blame. 

CeN'SuRE (sen'shur), to. The act of blaming or 
condemning aswrong. — Syn. Reprimand; blame; 
fault-finding ; reproach. 

CeN'SuRE, v. t. To find fault with ; to condemn 
aswrong. — Syn. To blame; condemn; reprove; 
reproach. [finds fault with. 

CeN'SOR-ER (sen'shur-er), to. One that blames or 

CeN'SUS, to. Enumeration of inhabitants taken 
by public authority. 

CENT, to. A copper coin of the United States, val- 
ue the hundredth part of a dollar ; abbreviation 
for hundred, as per cent, denoting a rate by the 
hundred. 

CeNT'AgE, to. Rate by the hundred. 

CeNT'AUR, to. A fabulous being, half man, half 
horse ; one of the constellations. 

CEN-TE-Na'RI-AN, to. A person one hundred 
years old. [the number of a hundred. 

CeN'TE-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to a hundred; to. 

CEN-TeN'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to or happening 
every hundred j'ears. 

CeN'TERJ to. The middle point of a thing, as of 

CeN'TREJ a circle ; the middle object. In an 
army, the troops occupying the place between 
the wings. 

CEN'TER,f v. t. To place on the middle point; 

CeN'TRE,] to determine the center of; to col- 
lect to a point ; v. i. to meet in a point ; to rest 
on ; to be placed in the middle. 



long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; tueke, term; mae'ine, bibb; move, 



CEN 



67 



CHA 



CeN'TER~BIT,? ft. An instrument turning on a 
CeN'TRE-BIT,J 
holes. 



projecting center for boring 



CeN'TER-ING, n. The temporary frame on which 
an arch is supported during its construction. 

CEN-TeS'1-MAL, a. The hundredth. 

CEN-TES-1-Ma'TION, ft. Selection of every 
hundredth person for punishment. 

CEN-TI-Fo'LI-OUS, a. Having a hundred leaves. 

CeN'TI-GRaDE, a. A centigrade thermometer is 
one having the space between the freezing and 
boiling points divided into 100 degrees. 

+CeN'TI-GRAM, ft. [F>\] The hundredth part 
of a gramme. 

CEN-TiL'O-QUY, ft. A hundred-fold discourse. 

•J-CEN-Ti'ME' (san-teem'), ft. LFr.] The hundredth 
part of a franc. [a great number of feet. 

CeN'TI-PED, ft. An insect having a hundred or 

CeN'TO, ft. A continuous composition, made up 
of passages from different authors. 

CeN'TRAL, a. Belonging to the middle point; 
middle; placed in the center; connected with a 
center. 

CEN-TRaLT-TY, ft. The state of being central. 

CEN-TRAL-I-Za'TION, ft. Act of centralizing. 

CeN'TRAL-iZE, v. t. To draw to a central point. 

CeN'TRAL-LY, ad. In the center; in a central 
manner or position. 

CeN'TRIC, a. Placed in the center. 

CeN'TRIC-AL-LY, ad. In a central position. 

CEN-TRIF'u-GAL, a. Tending from the center. 

CEN-TRiP'E-TAL, a. Tending to the center. 

CEN-TuM'VIR, n. ; pi Cen-tum'vi-ki. One of a 
hundred and five judges in ancient Rome. 

CEN-TuM' VT-RAL, a. Pertaining to centumvirs. 

CeN'TU-PLE, a, A hundred-fold. 

CeN'TU-PLE, v. t. To multiply a hundred-fold. 

CEN-Tu'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a century. 

CEX-Tu'RI-ON, ft. Among the Romans, a mili- 
tary < fficer over one hundred men. 

CeNT'u-RY (sent'yu-ry), ft. The period of a hund- 
red vears; a hundred. 

CE-PHaL'IG (-fal'ik), a. Belonging to the head ; 
ft. a medicine for the head. 

CePH'AL-O-POD, ft. An order of molluscous an- 
imals, embracing the cuttle-fish. 

CE-Ra'CEOUS (-ra'shus), a. Wax-like; partak- 
ing of the nature of wax. 

CE-RaS'Te$, ft. A genus of poisonous African 
jserpents with small boms. 

Ce'RATE, n. An ointment of wax and oil. 

Ce'Ra-TED, a. Covered with wax. 

CeRE, v. t. To cover or smear with wax. 

Ce'RE-AL, a. Pertaining to edible grain. 

SJIfiS^'} n - p l The edibie s rains - 

CER-E-BeL'LUM, ft. The hinder and lower part 
of the brain, or the little brain. 

CeR'E-BRAL, a. Pertaining to the brain. 

*CeR'E-BRUM, ft. [£.] The front and larger part 
of the brain. 

CERE'CLOTH, n. A cloth dipped in wax. 

CeRE'MENT, ft. Cloth dipped in melted wax, and 
wrapped about dead bodies previous to embalm- 
ing. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-AL, a. Relating to external rites ; 
ritual ; formal ; ft. outward form or rite ; pre- 
scriptive formality. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Full of ceremony; atten- 
tive to established usages ; formal ; exact ; precise. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, ad. With formality ; in 
a ceremonious manner. [tion of politeness. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, ft. Formality ; affecta- 

CeR'E-MO-NY, ft. Outward rite ; form of civility ; 
_external form in religion ; impressive forms of 

Ce'RE-OUS, a. Waxen ; like wax. [state. 

Ce'RI-UM, ft. A metal discovered in Sweden, of 
great specific gravity. [wax. 

CE-R6G'RA-PHY, ft. The art of engraving on 

CeR'TAIN (13), a. That can not be denied ; assured 



of; without failure; regularly established; par- 
ticular. — Syn. Sure; undeniable; indubitable; 
indisputable; undoubting; constant; stated. 

CeR'TAIN-LY, ad. Surelv; without fail. 

CeR'TAIN-NESS, ft. The quality of being certain. 

CeR'TAIN-TY, ft. Full assurance ; truth ; settled 
state ; exemption from failure. 

CeR'TES, ad. Certainly ; in truth (obs.). [fact. 

CER-TiF'1-CA.TE, ft. A writing to attest some 

CER-TiF'1-CaTE, v. t. or i. To lolge a certifi- 
cate with the proper officer ; to give a certificate to. 

CER-TI-FI-Ca'TION, ft. The act of certifying. 

CeR'TI-Fy (1?>), v. t. To give certain notice; to 
testify in writing. 

+CeR-TIO-Ra'RI (ser-sho-ra'ri), n. [7,.] In law, 
a writ of a superior court to call up the records 
of an inferior court. 

CeR'TI-TuDE, ft. Certainty; assurance. 

c1"-S'l|:0US,[ a - Sky-colored; blue. 

+CE-RCMEN, ft. [L.] Wax secreted by the ear. 

Ce'ROSE, ft. White lead ; a carbonate of lead. 

CeR'VI-CAL, a. Belonging to the neck. 

CER'VINE, a. Pertaining to the deer kind. 

CE-Sa'RE-AN, a. Noting the operation of cutting 
into the womb to remove a child, as was done, it 
is said, at the birth of Caesar. 

CES'PI-TOUS, a. Pertaining to turf; turfy. 

CES-Sa'TION, ft. A ceasing or discontinuing. — 
Syn. Stop; rest; pause; intermission. — Stop is 
generic ; cessation is a ceasing from action, either 
temporary or final ; pause is a temporary stop- 
ping; n it is a stopping for the sake of relief or 
repose ; intermission is a stopping at intervals to 
recommence. [a tenant. 

+CES-Sa'VIT, ft. ILJ] A writ to recover lands of 

CeS'SION (sesh'un), n. A giving up ; a yielding ; 
surrender. [ceive water from drains. 

CeSS'-POOL, ft. A cavity under ground to re- 

CeS'TUS, ft. The girdle of Venus; a leather cov- 
ering for the hands of boxers. 

CE-$u'RA or CE-Su'RA, n. A pause in verse to 
aid_the melody in recitation. 

CE-Su'RAL, a. Pertaining to a cesura. 

CE-Ta'CE-A, \ n. The order of cetaceous ani- 

CE-Ta'CE-AN,j mals; marine mammalia. 

CE-Ta'CEOUS (-shus), a. Pertaining to whales. 

CE'TIC, a. Pertaining to the whale. 

CE-ToL'O-GY, ft. The natural history of cetace- 
ous animals, or the whale. 

CHaFE, v. t. To excite or wear by friction; to 
excite or inflame ; to incense ; to cause to fret ; to 
gall ; to agitate ; v. i. to be excited or heated ; to 
rage ; to fret ; to fret against ; to be fretted and 
worn. — Syn. To rub; gall; vex; provoke. 

CHaFE, ft. Heat excited ; irritation ; fume ; fret ; 
passion. 

CHaF'ER, ft. One who chafes; a species of beetle. 

CHaF'ER-Y, ft. A forge for hammering iron into 
bars. 

CHaFE'- WaX, ft. In England, an officer belong- 
ing to the Lord Chancellor, who fits the wax for 
the sealing of writs. 

CHAFF (6), ft. The husks or dry calyxes of corn 
and grasses; light, worthless matter; refuse. 

CHaF'FER, v. i. To treat about a purchase; to 
haggle ; to bargain. [gainer. 

CHaF'FER-ER, n. One who chaffers ; a hard bar- 

CHaF'FINCH, ft. A species of small birds. 

CHAFF'Y, a. Abounding with chaff; like chaff; 
light. [portable grate to heat things on. 

CHaF'ING-DiSH, ft. A dish for hot coals; a 

CHA-GRiN' (sha-grin), ft. A keen feeling of ill- 
humor or fretfulness. — Syn t . Vexation ; mortifica- 
tion. — Vexation springs from a sense of loss, dis- 
appointment, &c. ; mortification from wounded 
pride; chagrin may spring from either, and is 

_ not usually so keen or lasting. [ill-humor in. 

ClIA-GRiN', v. t To vex ; to mortify ; to excite 

CHaIN, ft. A series of connected links ; a series ; 



DOVE, WOLF, J500K ; RULE, BULL ; VI CIOUS. 



cii as sn ; this. + Not English. 



CHA 



68 



CHA 



a succession; that which confines or fetters; a 
b»nd ; bondage ; in land-measuring, a chain of 
100 links=6G feet. 

CHAIN, v. t. To fasten with a chain; to make 
fast ; to enslave ; to keep in slavery ; to unite ; 
to measure with a chain. [with a chain. 

CHAINED (chftnd), pjJ. or a. Bound or fastened 

OHaIN'LESS, a. Having no chains. 

CH XIN'-PuMP, n. A pump -consisting of an end- 
less chain, carrying discs or valves, and passing 
down one tube and up another. 

CH AlN'-SHoT, n. Two balls or half balls fasten- 
ed by a chain, used to cut down masts, &c. 

CIIAIN'-WoRK, n. Work consisting of cords, 
&c, linked together. [triumph. 

CHAIR (4), v. t. To carry publicly in a chair in 

CHAIR, n. A movable seat ; a sedan ; the seat or 
office of a professor ; the seat of a presiding offi- 
cer, or the officer himself as, to address the chair; 
an iron socket to support the rails on a railway ; 
a pulpit. 

CHAIR'MAN, n. A presiding officer in a meeting. 

CHAISE (shaze), n. A two-wheeled pleasure car- 
riage ; a gig. 

CHAL-CkD'O-NY or €HAL'CE-DO-NY, n. A 
precious stone of a whitish color; a translucent 
variety of quartz. [on brass or copper. 

CHAL-€oG'RA-PHY, n. The art of engraving 

CHAL-Da'IC, a. Pertaining to Chaldea, near the 
river Euphrates, the Shinar of the Scriptures. 

-CHAL'DICE, n. The language or dialect of Chal- 
dea; a. pertaining to Chaldea. 

CH AL'DRON, n. A measure of 36 bushels of coals. 

CHAL'ICE (chal'lis), n. A cup; usually a com- 
munion cup. 

CHAL'iCSD (chal'list), a. Having a cell or cup. 

CHALK (chauk), n. A white calcareous earth. 
lied chalk, a hard, clayey ochre. French chalk, 
a soft steatite or soap-stone. 

CHALK (chauk), v. t. To mark with chalk. 

CHALK'-SToNE, n. A calcareous concretion in 
the hand or foot of a gouty person. [chalk. 

CHALK'Y (chauk'y), a. Like or partaking of 

CHAL'LENgE, v. t. To claim ; to call to fight or 
to contend ; to object to a juror or jui-y as disqual- 
ified ; to object to ; to call to the performance of 
conditions. 

CHAL'LENgE, n. A summons to combat ; a call to 
any contest; exception to a juror or voter. 

CHAL'LENgE-A-BLE, a. That may be challenged. 

CHAL'LENG-ER, n. One who challenges. 

■CHA-LtB'E-ATE (ka-lib'e-ate), a. Impregnated 
with iron. [containing iron in solution. 

■CHA-LYB'E-ATE, n. Water or any other liquor 

■i-cHA-MADE' (sha-made';, n. LFV.] Beat of a 
drum or sound of a trumpet inviting to a parley. 

CIIAM'BER, n. An upper room ; a private apart- 
ment ; a place where an assembly meets, or the 
assembly itself ; a hollow or cavity. 

CHaM'BER, v. i. To lodge ; to be wanton ; v. t. 
to shut up in a chamber. 

CHAM'BER-COUN'SEL, n. A counselor who 
gives opinions in private, but does not plead in 
coairt. [in wantonness. 

CH aM'BER-ER, n. One who intrigues or indulges 

CHaM'BER-ING, n. Wanton, lewd behavior. 

CILvM'BER-LAIN, n. An officer in charge of the 
private apartments of a monarch or noble; a 
servant in charge of the chambers at a hotel. 

CHAM'BER-LAIN-SHIP, n. Office of chamber- 
lam, [the care of bedchambers. 

CHaM'BER-MaID, n. A female servant who has 

CHA-Me'LE-ON (ka-ine'-), n. A species of lizard, 
whose_color changes with his position to the light. 

€HA-Me'LE-ON-iZE, v. t. To change into vari- 
ous colors. [sloping form ; to wrinkle. 

CHAM'FER, v. t. To cut grooves; to cut in a 

CHAM'FER, I n. A small furrow or channel ; a 

CHAM'FRET,j slope or bevel. 

cHAM'OIS (sham'my or sha-moy'), n. An animal 



of the antelope kind ; also, the soft leather made 
of its skin. 

■CHAM'O-MiLE (kam'o-mile), n. The popular 
name of a bitter plant used in medicine. 

CHAMP, v. t. To chew; to bite with frequent ac- 
tion of the teeth ; to masticate ; v. i. to chew ; to 
strike the teeth together repeatedly. 

<5HAM-PaGNE' (sham-pane'), n. A species of 
sparkling French wine. 

cHAM-PaIGN' (sham-pane'), n. A flat open coun- 
try; a. level; open, as a champaign country. 

CHAM'PER-TY, n. Maintenance of a lawsuit on 
condition of receiving a share of the property in 
dispute in case of success. 

CHAM'PI-ON, n. A combatant for another or for 
a cause; a defender or vindicator; a hero; v. t. 
to challenge to combat. 

CHANCE (6), n. An unforeseen occurrence; a hap- 
pening fortuitously. — Syn. Luck; accident; haz- 
ard ; fortune ; opportunity. 

CHANCE, v. i. To happen ; to come unexpectedly. 

CHANCE, a. Happening by chance ; casual ; for- 
tuitous. 

CHAN'CEL, n. The part of a church where the 
altar or communion-table is placed. 

CHAN'CEL-LOR (G), n. A high officer of state or 
of some public establishment; a judge of a court 
of chancery or equity. [cellor. 

CHAN'CEL-LOR-SHIP, n. The office of a chan- 

CHANCE'-M£D-LEY, n. The killing of a person 
by chance or in self-defense ; unintentional hom- 

CHAN'CE-RY, n. A court of equity. icide. 

CHAN'CRE (shank'er), n. A venereal ulcer. 

cHAN'CROUS (shauk'rus), a. Ulcerous; like a 
chancre. 

cHAN-DE-LIeR' (shan-de-leerO, n. A frame with 
branches for candles or lights. 

CHAN'DLER, n. One who deals in candles; a 
dealer, as a ship-chandler. [dler. 

CHAN'DLER- Y, n. Commodities sold by a chan- 

CHaNgE, v. i. To be changed ; to undergo a va- 
riation. 

CHaNgE, v. t. To cause to pass from one state to 
another; to make different. — Syn. To alter; to 
substitute one thing for another ; to exchange. 

CHANGE, n. Alteration ; the exchanging of 
things by succession, substiWMon, &c. ; small 
money ; balance in purchasing, as to make 
change; abbreviation for Exchange. — Syn. Va- 
riety ; variation ; innovation ; mutation ; revolu- 
tion; vicissitude. 

CHaNgE'A-BLE, a. Fickle ; inconstant ; that 
may alter; subject to alteration. 

CHAN6E'A-BLE-NESS,? n. Quality of being 

CHANgE-A-BiL'I-TY, j changeable ; fickle- 
ness; mutability. 

CHaNgE'FUL, a. Full of change ; changeable. 

CHaNgE'LESS, a. Constant ; not admitting al- 
teration. 

CHaNgE'LING, n. A fickle person ; an idiot ; a 
child put in place of another. [money. 

CH aNg'ER, n. One who alters or who exchanges 

CHAN'NEL, n. Course for a stream ; deepest part 
of a river, strait, &c, where vessels most readily 
pass ; a strait or arm of the sea ; a groove ; gut- 
ter; means of passing or transmitting. 

CHAN'NEL, v. t. To cut into channels or grooves. 

CHAN'NEL£D (chan'neld), a. Grooved lengthwise. 

CHANT (6), v. t. To sing in a recitative manner ; 
to sing ; to celebrate in song ; v. i. to sing in re- 
citative ; to make vocal melody ; to sing in the 
manner of a chant. 

CHANT, n. A song ; a peculiar kind of sacred 
music, in which prose is sung with less variety 
of intonation than in common airs. 

CHANT'ER, n. One who chants; a singer; a 
chief singer ; the tenor or treble pipe of a bag- 
pipe, [fowls ; a singer. 

CHANT'l-CLEER, n. The male of domestic 

CHANT'ING, n. Act of singing, as chants. 



&c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; theue, 



MARIJN'E, LIKD ; MOVE, 



CHA 



69 



CHA 



CHANT'RY, n. An endowed chapel in which 
masses for the dead are celebrated. 

CHA'OS (ka'os), n. Confused mass ; disorder; un- 
distinguishable mixture of elements before re- 
duced to order ; disorganization. - [order. 

€HA-OT'I€, a. Being in confusion ; mixed in dis- 

CHAP (chap or chr.p), n. A crack in flesh ; a cleft ; 
a jaw ; pi. the mouth. 

CHAP (chap or chop), v. t. To cleave or crack. 

CHAP, n. A boy ; a youth ; a buyer. 

CHAP (chap or chop), v. i. To open ; to crack ; to 
crack in fissures. 

+CHAP-AK-RAL', n. [Sp.] A thicket, especially 
of evergreen oak. 

CHAPE, n. A thin plate at the point of a scab- 
bard ; catch of a buckle or other thing. 

+cHAP'EAU (shap'po), n. [2<V.] A hat or cap. 

CHAP'EL, n. A house for religious worship con- 
nected with a church, or with some establishment, 
public or private ; a place of worship ; a pr inter's 
workhouse, or an association of men in a printing- 
office. 

CHAP'EL-ET,} n. A pair of stirrup leathers, with 

CHAP'LET, j stirrups. [chapel. 

CHAP'EL-RY, n. The district or jurisdiction of a 

ClIAP'E-RoN (shap'e-rGn), v. t. To attend on a 
lady in public places or assemblies. 

cHAP'E-RoN, n. A kind of hood; a lady's at- 
tendant and protector in public; a protector. 

CHAP'FALL-£N (chop'Mii), a. Dejected; dis- 
pirited. 

CHAP'I-TER, n. The capital of a column. 

CHAP'LAIN (-lin), n. A minister who officiates 
in a chapel ; also, one who ministers in the ar- 
my, navy, a public body, or family. 

CHAP'LtlX-SHIP j" n ' The office of a cha P lain - 

CHAP'LET, n. A garland or wreath for the head ; 
a string of beads used to enumerate prayers. 

CHAP'MAN, n. One avLlo deals in goods ; a cheap- 
ener ; a market-man. 

CHAPPED (chapt or chopt), a. Cracked. 

CHAPS (chops), n. pi. The mouth or jaws. 

CHaP'TER, n. A division of a book; an organ- 
ized branch of some body, as the clergy, or of 
some society or fraternity ; a decretal epistle. 

CHAR, v. t. To reduce to coal by burning. 

CHAR, n. See Chore. 

€HAR'A€-TER, n. A mark; letter; the settled 
and distinctive qualities of a person or thing; 
reputation ; a person. 

CHAR'AC-TER, v. t. To engrave; to inscribe; to 
distinguish or characterize. 

CHAR-A€-TER-iS'TI€, la. Constituting cha- 

CHAR-AC-TER-IS'TI€-AL,f racter; that marks 
the distinctive qualities of a person or thing. 

€HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI€, n. That which consti- 
tutes the character or which characterizes. 

€HAR-AC-TER-iS'TI€-AL-LY, ad. In a manner 
peculiar to character. 

CHAR'AC-TEE-iZE, v. t. To give character, or 
to describe by peculiar qualities. — Syn. To mark ; 
describe ; distinguish ; designate. 

cHA-RaDE' (sha-riide'), n, A composition in 
which are described enigmatically the objects 
expressed by each syllable of a word, separately, 
and then by the word as a whole. 

CHXR'CoAL, n. Coal of wood, from which vola- 
tile matter is expelled by fire. 

CH A.R6E, v. i. To make an onset ; V. t. to enjoin ; 
to exhort; to impute; to load; to attack; to put 
or lay on ; to accuse ; to set to the account of. 

CHXR6E, n. Care; command; injunction; in- 
struction ; expense ; the debit side of an account ; 
sum demanded for a thing; attack or onset; 
quantity of powder, &c, to load a gun or the like ; 
load; trust. 

CHXRg-E'A-BLE, a. That may or should be 
charged; subject to a charge; expensive; in- 
curring expense; accusable. 



CHXR&E'A-BLE-NESS, n. Expensiveness. 
CHXR&E'A-BLY, ad. With expense or cost. 
+c11aK-GE' D'AF-FAIREs' (shar-zha' daf-fareO, 

n. [/•'/•.] A person intrusted with the affairs of a 
state at a foreign court. 

CHXR6'ER, n. A large dish; a horse for attack. 

CIIAR'I-LY, ad. Carefully ; warily. See Ciiaey. 

CHAR'I-NESS, n. Caution ; care ; scrupulous- 
ness. 

CHAR'I-OT, n. A half coach with four wheels ; 
a car or vehicle anciently used in war; v. t. to 
convey in a chariot. 

CHAR-I-OT-EER', n. The driver of a chariot. 

€Ha'RISM, n. [Gr.] Name of the extraordinary 
gifts conferred on the early Christians, as speak- 
ing with tongues, &c. 

CHAR'I-TA-BLE, a. Liberal in gifts to the needy ; 
bountiful; kind or benevolent ; candid; favora- 
ble, [charitable ; the practice of charity. 

CHAR'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The disposition to be 

CHAR'I-TA-BLY, ad. Eandly; bountifully; be- 
nevolently. 

CHAR'I-TY, n. Disposition to think favorably of 
others and do them good ; good-will ; love ; lib- 
erality to the poor ; alms ; candor. 

+CHAR-I-VA-R5t' (shar-e-va-ree'), n. \_Fr.~] A mock 

_ serenade of discordant music. 

CHARL'A-TAN (sharl'a-tan), n. A quack ; an em- 

_ piric ; a mere pretender. 

cIIaRL'A-TAN-RY, n. Quackery ; empty preten- 
sion ; wheedling ; deception. 

CHARLES'S WAIN, n. Seven stars in the con- 
stellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear, forming the 
figure of a rustic wagon; called, also, the Dipper. 

CHARM, n. Something possessing, or imagined to 
possess, occult power or influence; that which 
can please irresistibly; magic power ; spell; en- 
chantment. 

CHARM, v. t. To fascinate ; to delight ; to be- 
witch ; to enchant ; to subdue or control by oc- 
cult influence ; v. i. to sound harmonically. 

ClIARM'ER, n. One who enchants or delights. 

CHXRM'IXG-, a. Adapted to give delight.— Syn. 
Delightful; captivating; fascinating; graceful. 

CHXRM'ING-LY, ad. Delightfully. 

CHAR'NEL, a. Containing flesh or carcasses. 

CHaR'XEL-IIOUSE, n. A place for the bones of 
the dead. 

CHARRED (chard), a. Reduced to coal. 

CHAR'RY, a. Like charcoal, [use in navigation. 

CHART, n. A delineation of coasts, isles, &c, for 

CHAR-Ta'CEOUS (-ta'shus), a. Resembling pa- 
per; quite opaque, like most leaves. 

CHAR'TER, n. A formal writing conferring title, 
rights, or privileges; a patent; deed; grant; 
privilege. [or hire, as a ship. 

CHAR'TER, v. t. To establish by charter; to let 

CHAR'TERjE'D (char'terd), pp. or a. Hired or let, 
as a ship ; granted by charter. 

CHAR'TER-PAR-TY, n. A writing by which a 
ship is hired, and the freight, &c, regulated. 

CHARTISM, n. In England, the principles of 
Chartists. 

CHART'IST, n. An English radical reformer. 

CHAR'Y, a. Careful; wary. [drive. 

CHaSE, v. t. To pursue ; to hunt by pursuit ; to 

CHaSE,». Pursuit; a hunting by pursuit ; ground 
abounding in game ; whole length of the bore of 
a gun ; that which is pursued ; a printer's frame 
to_confine types when set up ; a groove. 

CHaSJJD (chaste), a. Pursued; driven; embossed. 

CHaS'ER, n. A pursuer; a hunter; an en chaser. 

CHASM (kazm), n. A gap; opening; void space. 

+CIIAS'SEUR (shas'saur), , n. [JFV.] One of a body 
of cavalry, light and active, for rapid movements. 

CHaSTE, a. Undefiled; pure; true to marriage 
vows ; applied to language or style, pure, uncor- 
rupt. 

CHaST'EN (chas'sn), v. t. To correct with a view 
to amendment ; to purify. 



dove, wolf, book; bule, bull; vi"cior;s. — e as k; g as j; s as z ; en as sn; this. + Not English. 



CHA 



70 



CHE 



CHaST'ENJ7D (chas'snd), a. Chastised ; correct- 
ed; punished. 

CHaSTE'NESS, n. Chastity; purity. 

CHaS'T.EN-ING, n. Correction ; suffering inflict- 
ed to produce reformation. [chastisement. 

CHAS-TI$'A-BLE (-tlz'a-bl), a. Deserving of 

CHAS-TISE', v. t. To visit with suffering in order 
to correction. — Syn. To punish ; chasten. — Pun- 
ish and chastise differ in the object aimed at. 
The former is designed to uphold law by the in- 
fliction of penalty ; the. latter to prevent the rep- 
etition of faults and reclaim the offender. In a 
rarer and somewhat irregular sense, chastise de- 
notes to disgrace publicly by stripes. 

CHAS'TISE-MENT (chas'tiz-ment), n. Pain in- 
flicted for punishment and correction. 

CHAS-TlS'ER, n. One who punishes or corrects. 

CHAS'TI-TY, n. Purity of body or of language ; 
freedom from obscenity ; state of being chaste. 

CHAT, v. i. To talk familiarly ; to prattle. 

CHAT, n. Familiar talk ; free conversation. See 
Conversation. 

+CHAT-EAU' (shat-toO, n. LFV.] A castle or seat 
in the country. 

CHAT'TEL (chat'tl), n. Any kind of property ex- 
cept the freehold, and things that are parcel of it. 

CHAT'TER, v. i. To prate ; to talk idly or rapid- 
ly; to jabber; to make the noise of birds. 

CHAT'TER, n. A prating; noise of birds. 

CHAT'TER-B6X, n. One that talks excessively. 

CHAT'TER-ER, n. One that chatters; an idle 
talker. 

CHAT'TER-ING, n. Rapid inarticulate sounds; 
idle talk ; rapid striking of the teeth, as from 
chilliness. 

CIIAT'TY, a. Given to free conversation. 

CHAW, v. t. To grind with the teeth ; to chew. 
See Chew. 

CHeAP, a. Low in price ; common ; of little worth. 

CHEAP J? N (che'pn), v. t. To ask the price; to 
lessen the value of ; to attempt to buy. [gains-'. 

CHEAP'i?N-ER, n. One who cheapens or bar- 

CHeAP'LY, ad. At a low price or rate. 

CHeAP'NESS, n. LoAvness of price or value. 

(JIIeAT (cheet), n. One who cheats or defrauds; 
a deception or fraud. — Syn. Imposture; delu- 
sion ; trick ; deceit ; imposition. 

CHeAT, v. t. To defraud in a bargain ; to deceive 
by any artifice, trick, or device ; to beguile. 

CHEAT'ER, n. One who practices fraud. 

CHEAT'ING, n. A defrauding by deceitful arts; 
a. defrauding by deception. 

CHECK, v. t. To set bounds to ; to put restraint 
upon ; to mark in going over, as names on a list ; 
to provide with checks or tokens, as luggage. — 
Syn. To repress ; control ; restrain ; curb. 

CHECK, n. Restraint; stop; order on a bank for 
money; any ticket, token, or counter-mark to 
prevent mistake or fraud, as a baggage-check on 
rail-roads; a kind of linen or cotton cloth. 

CHECK'ER, X 71. Work consisting of 

CHECK'ER-WdRK.j" cross lines. 

CHECK'ER, v. t. To diversify; to variegate with 
cross lines ; to vary ; to mix. [or checkers on. 

CHeCK'ER-BoARD, n. A board to play draughts 

CHeCK'ERS, n. pi. A game on a checkered 
board. 

CHeCK'MaTE, n. A movement in chess that 
ends the game ; v. t. to defeat by checkmate ; to 
finish. 

CHEEK, n. The side of the face below the eye. 

CHEEK'-TOOTH, n. The hinder tooth or tusk. 

CHEEP, v. i. To chirp, as a small bird. 

CHEER, n. A state of gladness; a shout of joy; 
any expression of applause ; mirth ; gayety ; that 
which makes cheerful, as an entertainment. 

CHEER, v. t. To salute with shouts or demon- 
strations of joy; to encourage; to enliven; to 
make cheerful ; to gladden ; v. i. to utter cheers. 
To cheer up, to become cheerful. 



CHEER'ER, n. A person or thing that cheers. 

CHEER'FUL, a. Lively; gay; sprightly; exhib- 
iting moderate joy or animation. 

CHEER'FU L-LY, ad. With life ; with readiness ; 
in a cheerful manner. 

CHEER'FUL-NESS, n. A state of moderate joy ; 
good spirits.— Syn. Gayety ; mirth ; merriment. 
— Cheerfulness is a habit of mind ; gayety is an 
occasional excitement of animal spirits ; mirth 
or merriment are noisy gayety. 

CHEER'I-LY, ad. With spirit; with joy. 

CHEER'LESS, a. Comfortless; dreary; gloomy; 
destitute of joyous feeling. 

CHEER'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of comfort. 



CHEERILY,) 



a. Gay ; mirthful ; lively. 



CHEER'Y, 

CHEESE (cheez), n. The curd of milk coagulated 
and pressed ; the mass of ground apples from 
which cider is pressed. 
CHEE$E'-MON G 'GER (-mung'ger). n. One who 

deals in cheese. 
CHEESE'-PReSS, n. A press for expelling whey 
from curd. [cheese is pressed. 

CHEESE -VAT, n. The mold or case in which 
+CHEF D'oETJVRE' (sha doovr'), n. A master- 
piece or performance. 
CHeG'oE,! n. A tropical insect that enters the 
CHeG'RE,) skin of the feet, producing great an- 
noyance; written also chigoe, dagger, jigger. 
CHeI/I-FORM (kel'-), a. Having the form of a 

claw. 
CHeM'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to chemistry. 
CHeM'IC-AL-LY, ad. According to chemical 

principles; by chemical process. 
CHeM'IC-ALS, n. pi. Chemical preparations used 
_ in the arts. [ment for females. 

cHE-M'i'SE' (she-mezeO, n. A shift or under gar- 
CHEM-I-SETTE' (shem-e-zef), n. [Fr.] An under 
garment worn over the chemise. [chemistry. 

CHeM'IST (kim'ist or kuin'ist), n. One versed in 
CHeM'IST-RY (kim'ist-ry or kum'ist-ry), a. The 
science which investigates the composition of 
bodies, and the affinities and properties of their 
constituent parts. 
CHeQ'UER. See Checker. 

CHeR'ISH, v. t. To treat or hold as dear; to fos- 
ter or encourage. — Syn. To indulge ; nurse ; en- 
tertain, [ages. 
CHeR'ISH-ER, n. One who cherishes or encour- 
CHE-ROOT' (che-roof), n. A kind of cigar. 
CHeR'RY, n. A small fruit of many varieties ; 

genus, cerasus; species, prunus. 
CHER'RY, a. Red; ruddy; like a cherry. 
CHeR'RY, n._ A cordial of cherry-j nice and spirit. 
CHeR'SO-NeSE (ker'so-nese), n. A peninsula. 
CHeR'UB, n. A symbolical figure, variously com- 
posed, mentioned in Scripture; a celestial spirit; 
a beautiful child. 
CHE-Ru'BI€, la. Pertaining to cherubs ; an- 
CHE-Ru'Bie-AL,j gelic. 
CHeR'u-BIM, n. Hebrew plural of cherub. 
CHeR'UP, v. i. or t. To chirp to ; to quicken. 
CHESS, n. An ingenious game played by two on a 

board divided into squares; a plant. 
CHeSS'-BoARD, n. The board used in chess. 
CHeSS'-MAN, n. A piece or puppet for chess. 
CHeST, n. A large box ; the thorax or upper part 

of the trunk of the body. 

CHeST'NUT, n. The fruit or nut of a tree of the 

genus castanus; a. of a brown color, or the color 

of a chestnut. [laut young man ; a horseman. 

CHEV-A-LIER' (shev-a-leer'), n. A knight ; a gal- 

+CHEV-AUX DE FR1SE' (shev-o de freezO, n. 

lFr.2 In fortification, a piece of timber armed 

with spikes to defend a passage. 

+cHeV'I-SaNCE (shev'e-zance), n. Performance ; 

bargain ; unlawful agreement. 
+CHeV'RON (shev'ron), n. [Fr.~\ A military badge 

worn on the coat-sleeve. 
CHEW (chu), v. t. To grind with the teeth ; to 



&c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, eird; move, 



CHE 



71 



CHI 



masticate ; to champ ; to ruminate ; v. i. to champ 
upon ; to ruminate. 

CHEW, n. That which is chewed ; the quantity 
to be chewed at once ; a cud (vul.). 

CHEWING, n. Mastication. 

t£'HI-A'RO OS-CO'RO (ke-ii'ro), n. [.ft.] The art 
of judiciously arranging the colors, or light and 
shade of a picture ; also, a design of two colors. 

+CH1-B0QUE' (tchi-booke'), n. A Turkish pipe. 

cHI-CaNE' (she-kaneO,l n. Shift; turn; eva- 

cHI-€aN'P:E-Y, J sion; sophistry; any 

artifice or stratagem. 

CHiC'CO-RY, n. A plant used for fodder; suc- 
cory. Its root, when dried and powdered, is oft- 
en used for coffee, or mixed therewith. 

CHiCK'EN \ n ' The >' oung of fowls ' 

CHi<JK'En1hEaRT-ED, a. Timid ; cowardly. 

GHICK'EN-PoX, n. A mild eruptive disease. 

CHiDE, v. t. \_pret. Chid; pp. Chid, Chidden.] 
To reprove in anger. — Syn. To scold ; blame ; 
rebuke; reproach. 

CHiDE, v. i. To clamor; to scold; to quarrel. 

CHiD'ER, n. One who reproves or clamors. 

CHiD'ING, ppr. Scolding; reproving; n. re- 
proof; rebuke; scolding. 

CHIEF (cheef), a. Highest in office; having most 
influence ; most dear ; principal. 

CHIEF, n. One who takes the lead or control ; a 
ruler. — Svn. Chieftain; commander; leader. — A 
chief (lit., head) has the pre-eminence or rule 
in civil matters, as the chief of police or of a 
tribe ; a chieftain and commander occupy high 
military stations ; a leader takes the direction of 
enterprises. 

CHIEF'LY, ad. Principally ; especially. 

CHIeF'TAIN, n. A captain or leader ; head of a 
tribe or party. 

CHI :F'TAIN-SHip,}" * Captaincy; headship. 

CHIL'BLaIN, n. A sore caused by cold. 

CHiLD, n. A son or daughter ; a very young per- 
son ; an infant ; one intimately related to or re- 
ceiving principles from another, as a child of 
God or of the Devil. [dren. 

CHILD'BEAR-ING, n. The act of producing chil- 

CHiLD'BED, n. The state of being in travail ; 
parturition. 

CHILD'BiRTH (17), n. The act of bringing forth 
a child ; travail ; labor. 

CHILDE, n. A title formerly given to the oldest 
son of a noble family, as Childe Harold. 

CHILD'ER-MAS-DaY, n. An anniversary of the 
Church of England, called also Innocents' Day, 
in commemoration of the children slain by Herod. 

CHILD'HOOD, n. State of a child or of youth ; 
the properties of a child. 

CHILD'ISH, a. Like a child ; simple; trifling. 

CHlLD'ISH-LY, ad. In a puerile manner; in a 
weak or foolish way. 

CHiLD'ISH-NESS, n. Simpleness; puerility; tri- 
flingness. 

CHlLD'LESS, a. Having no child. 

CHlLD'LLKE, a. Like or becoming a child ; sub- 
missive; delightful; meek, 

CHIL'DREN, n. ; pi. of Child. Descendants. 

CHiL'I-AD (kil'le-ad), n. A thousand. 

CHiL'I-aR€H (kll'le-ark), n. The military chief 
or commander of a thousand. 

CHIL'1-aRCH-Y (kil'e-iirk-y), n. A body consist- 
ing of a thousand men. 

CHIL'I-ASM (kil'e-azm), n. The doctrine of 
Christ's literal reign on earth for a thousand 
years. [to Cailiasm. 

CHIL'I-AST (kil'e-ast), n. [£r.] One who holds 

CHILL, a. Inducing a shivering; not warm ; un- 
affectionate. [sarion of cold ; repression of joy. 

CHILL, n. Moderate cold ; a shivering ; the sen- 

CHiLL, v. t. To make cold or cause to shiver ; to 
check action or animation ; to depress. 



CHiLL'I-NESS,? n. A sensation of shivering 

CHILL'NESS, f coldness. 

CHiLL'Y, a. Sowewhat cold ; shivering. 

CHlME, v. i. To sound in harmony; to accord; 
to agree ; v. t. to move, strike, or cause to sound 
in harmony. 

CHIME, n. A consonance of sounds or of bells; 
the edge or brim of a cask or tub. 

CHi-Me'RA, n. A vain, idle fancy; a fabulous 
three-headed monster vomiting flames. 

€HI-MeR'IC-AL, a. Imaginary; fanciful; hav- 
ing no existence but in thought. 

€Hi-MER'I€-AL-LY, ad. Wildly; fancifully. 

CHiM'NEY, n. ; pi Chim'neys. A body of brick 
or stone with a passage for smoke. 

CHIM-PAN'ZEE, n. A kind of ape most resem- 
bling a man. 

CHIN, n. The lower extremity of the face. 

GHI'NA, n. A fine species of earthenware ; porce- 
lain. 

CHiNG'A-PIN, n. The dwarf chestnut ; a tree. 

CHIN'-COUGH (chin'kauf ), n. A violent cough 
of long continuance ; the hooping-cough. 

CHiNE, n. The back-bone ; a piece of the back 
of an animal ; the edge of a cask ; also spelled 
chime and chimb. 

CHINK, n. A small opening or cleft. 

CHINK, v. i. To crack; to open; to sound, as 
pieces of metal striking together; v. t. to cause 
to sound; to jingle. 

CHINTZ, n. Cotton cloth differing from calico in 
being highly glazed and having more colors, us- 
ually five at least. 

CHIP, n. A piece cut off ; a fragment. 

CHIP, v. t. To cut into small pieces; v. i. to crack 
or break off in small pieces. 

CHiP'PING, n. A chip or fragment; the act of 
cutting off chips ; a cracking off in small pieces. 

CHi-Ra'GRA, n. Gout in the hand. 

CHiRK, a. Lively; comfortable. 

CHi-RO-GRaPH'IC, 1 a. Pertaining to chi- 

€Hl-RO-GRAPH'IG-AL,j rography. 

CHi-ROG'RA-PHIST, n. One who tells fortunes 
bv the hand; a chirographer. 

CHi-ROG'RA-PHY, n. The art of writing, or a 
writing with one's own hand ; penmanship. 

CHi-RoL'O-gY, n. The art of communicating 
thoughts by signs with the fingers. 

CHI'RO-MAN-C Y, n. The practice of attempting 
to foretell events, or to discover the disposition 
of a person by inspecting the lines of his hand. 

€HI-R6N'0-MY, n. The art or rule in moving 
the hands in oratory ; gesture. 

CHIRP (IT), n. The noise made by certain birds 
and insects. 

CHiRP, v. i. To make the noise of small birds. 

CHiRP'ER, n. One that chirps. 

CHIRP'ING, n. The cheerful noise of birds. 

CHIR'RUP, v. t. To cheer up ; to animate ; to 

CHi-RuR'gEON, n. See Sctegeon. [quicken. 

CHi-RuR'gE-RY. See Sukgeey. 

CHi-RfiR'Gl€, \ s Supgical 

CHI-RuR'GlC-AL.f bee buEGICAL - 

CHIS'EL, n. A tool to pare or cut with, either by 
pressure or by blows of a mallet. 

CHiS'EL, v. t. To cut with a chisel. 

CHIT, n. A shoot; young sprout; a babe. 

CHiT, v. i. To sprout. 

CHiT'-CHaT, n. Prattle; familiar talk. 

CHIT'TER-LINGS, n. pi. The small intestines 
of animals. 

cHiY'AL-RIC (shiv'al-rik), a. Pertaining to the 

_ character of chivalry. Qant ; warlike. 

CHIV'AL-ROUS, a. Pertaining to chivalrv ; gal- 

CHIV'AL-RY (shlv'al-ry). a. Knighthood ; knight- 
errantry, the qualifications or characteristics of 
knights ; heroic adventure. [Pronounced by 
some tchivalry, but against the analogy of all like 
words from the French, as chaise, &c] 

CHiv r E, n. A small onion. See Cives. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; EULE, DULL J VI CIOLS. — O 



s as z ; ch as su ; this. * JS'ot English. 



CHI 



72 



CHU 



CHIVES (chlvez), rx. pi. Slender threads or fila- 
ments in blossoms. [a salifiable base. 

CHLo'RATE, n. A compound of chloric acid with 

CHLo'RIC, a. Pertaining to or obtained from 
chlorine. [simple body. 

CHLo'RiD, n. A combination of chlorine with a 

CHLo'RlNE, rx. A greenish-yellow gas obtained 
from common salt. 

CHLo'RO-FORM, n. A volatile liquid obtained 
by distilling alcohol with chlorid of lime. When 
inhaled, it takes away consciousness and the 

CHOCK, n. A kind of wedge. [sense of pain. 

CHoC'O-LATE, n. Paste or cake made of the 
kernel of the cacao-nut ; the beverage made by 
infusing chocolate in water. 

CHOICE, n. Act of choosing; the thing chosen; 
option; election ; a. select ; of great value; care- 
ful; chary. 

CHOICE'LY, ad. With care in choosing. 

CHOICE'NESS, rx. Particular value or worth; 
valuableness. 

CHOIR (kwire), rx. Part of a church apportioned 
to the singers ; a body of singers ; the chancel of 
a_collegiate church or cathedral. 

CHoKE, v. t. To stop the windpipe ; to suffocate ; 
to stop up ; to obstruct ; v. i. to be choked or ob- 
structed. 

CHoKE'-DaMP, n. A noxious vapor (carbonic 
acid gas) in wells and coal-mines. 

CHoL'ER (kol'er), n. Bile; gall; anger. 

CHoL'E-RA, n. Asiatic cholera is a disease of the 
bowels, usually attended by violent spasms, and 
often by speedy death. 

CHoL'E-RA MoR'BUS, n. [L.] A disease in 
which the contents of the stomach are ejected 
upward and downward. [ate. 

CH6I/ER-IC (kol'-), a. Full of choler; passion- 

CHOOSE, v. t. Ipret. Chose; pp. Chosen.] To 
pick out ; to make choice of. — Syn. Prefer ; elect. 
— Choose is generic ; to prefer is to choose one 
thing as more desirable than another; to elect is 
to choose or take for some purpose, office, &c, us- 
ually by suffrage, as to elect a president. 

CHOOSE, v. i. To prefer ; to have power of choice. 

CHOOS'ER, n. One who selects or chooses. 

CHOOS'ING, n. Choice; election. 

CHoP, n. A small piece of meat; a cleft or crack ; 
a jaw. See Chap. 

CHoP, v. t. To cut by blows with an edged tool ; 
to cut fine or mince ; v. i. to turn or change sud- 
denly. 

CHoP, n. In China, a permit or stamp ; a Chinese 
word signifying quality, as silk goods of the first 
chop, i. e., stamp. [sold ready dressed. 

CHdP'HOUSE, n. A house where provisions are 

CHoP'PER, n. A butcher' s cleaver ; onewho chops. 

CHoP'PING, n. A cutting or mincing; a. large; 
lusty; plump. 

CHoPS, n. pi. The mouth of a beast. 

CHoP'STICKS, n. pi. Two small sticks held be- 
tween the thumb and fingers, used by the Chinese 
to convey food to the mouth. 

CHo'RAL, a. Belonging to the choir. 

CHo'RAL-LY, ad. In the manner of a chorus. 

CH6RD (kord), n. String of a musical instru- 
ment; a harmonious combination of notes or 
sounds ; in geometry, aright line joining the ex- 

CHoRD, v. t. To string. [tremities of an arc. 

CHoRE, rx. A small job of work. 

CHO-RI-aM'BUSJ rx. A foot of four syllables, 
1HO-RI-AM 
rest short. 



!;} 



CHO-RI-AM'BIC, I the first and last long, the 



CHo'RIST, n. A singer in a choir. 

CHoR'IS-TER (kor'is-ter), n. A singer in a choir ; 
a leader of a choir. [rography. 

CHO-RO-GRaPH'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to cho- 

CHO-R6G'RA-PHY, rx. The description of a par- 
ticular region ; art of forming maps of particu- 
lar regions. [part of music in which all join. 

CHo'RUS, rx. A number or company of singers; 



CHOUSE, v. t. To cheat ; to trick ; to defraud. 

CHOUSE, n. A trick or sham ; one who is easily 
cheated. [biscuits, &c. 

CHOWDER, rx. A dish of fresh fish boiled with 

CHRES-ToM'A-THY, rx. A book of extracts, &c., 
used in the learning of a language. 

CHRiSM (krizm), rx. Unguent; unction; conse- 
crated oil. 

CHRIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to chrism. 

CHRIS-Ma'TION, rx. Act of applying holy oil. 

CHRIST, rx. The Anointed ; the Messiah. 

CHRiST'i'N (kris'sn), v. t. To baptize, or bap- 
tize and name; to name. 

CHRiST'.EN-DoM (krls'sn-dum), rx. The portion 
of the world inhabited by Christians ; the whole 
body of Christians ; Christianity. 

CHRIS'TjEN-ING, rx. The ceremony of baptizing 
and naming. 

CHRiS'TIAN (krist'yan), rx. A pious person of 
the Christian faith ; in general, one of the inhab- 
itants of a country nominally Christian. 

CHRiS'TIAN (krist'yan), a. Pertaining to Christ 
or Christianity. [ion delivered by Christ. 

CHRIS-TIaN'I-TY (krist-yan'e-ty), rx. The relig- 

CHRiS'TIAN-lZE (krist'yan-Ize), v. t. To prose- 
lyte or convert to Christianity. 

CHRiS'TIAN-LY, ad. In a Christian manner. 

CHRiS'TIAN-NaME, rx. The name given in bap- 
tism, distinct from the surname. 

CHRIST'MAS, rx. The feast of Christ's nativity; 
Christmas-day ; Dec. 25th. [Christmas. 

CHRIST'MAS-BoX, n. A box for presents at 

CHRIS-ToL'O-gY, rx. Treatise concerning Clirist. 

CHRo'MATE, rx. A compound of chromic acid and 
a base. 

CHRO-MaT'IC, a. Relating to color; noting a 
species of music by semi-tones. 

CHRO-MAT'ICS, rx. pi. The science of colors. 

CHRoME, rx. A grayish white metal, remarkable 
for the various and beautiful colors of its com- 

CHRo'MIC, a. Pertaining to chrome, [pounds. 

CHRoN'IC, \ a. Of long continuance, as a 

CHR5N'IC-AL,j disease. 

CHR6N'I-CLE, rx. A register of events in the or- 
der of time; a history. [tory; to register. 

CHRoN'I-C LE (kron'e-kl), v. t. To record in his- 

CHR6N'I-CLER, rx. A writer of chronicles ; a his- 
torian. 

CHRO-NoG'RA-PHER, rx. One who writes con- 
cerning time, or the events of time; a chronolo- 
ger. [past. 

CHRO-NoG'RA-PHY, rx. The description of time 

CHRO-N6L'0-6ER, V rx. One versed in chronol- 

CHRO-N6L'0-GlST,j ogy; one who attempts 
to ascertain the true dates of events. 

CHRO-NO-L6g'IC, I a. Pertaining to chro- 

CHRO-NO-Log'IC-AL,j nology; according to 
the order of time. 

CHRO-NO-Log'IC-AL-LY, ad. In the order of 
time ; by the rules of chronology. 

CHRO-NoL'O-GY, rx. The science of computing 
time, and ascertaining dates of events. 

CHRO-NoM'E-TER, rx. Any instrument that 
measures time, as a clock, watch, or dial ; par- 
ticularly, a portable time-keeper, so constructed 
as to measure time with great accuracy, chiefly 
used for determining longitudes. 

CHRO-NO-MeT'RIC, \a. Pertaining to or 

CHRO-NO-MET'RIC-AL, j measured by a chro- 
nometer, [lis. 

CHRY'S'A-LID (kris'-), a. Pertaining to a chrysa- 

CHR¥S'A-LIS (kris'a-lis), rx. The form of a but- 
terfly, &c, before it reaches the winged state; a 
pupa. 

CHRt'S'O-BER-YL, rx. Avery hard, translucent, 
yellowish-preen gem. [eral of little hardness. 

CHR¥ S'O-LITE, rx. A greenish or yellowish min- 

CHRYS'O-PHRaSE, rx. An apple-green, translu- 
cent variety of quartz. 

CHCB, ix. The name of a fish ; a dunce. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what; theke, term; maei'ne, wed; move, 



CHU 

CHuB'BEDJ a. Like a chub; short and thick; 

CHuB'BY, j plump. 

CHOCK, v. i. To make a noise as a hen; v. t. to 
call, as a hen her chickens; to give a gentle 
blow ; to attach to the chuck of a lathe ; to throw 
by a quick motion. 

CHC'CK, 11. The noise of a hen ; a gentle stroke ; 
a contrivance attached to the mandril of a lathe, 
by which any thing is held in turning. 

CHOCK'-FaE-THING, n. A play in which some- 
thing is pitched into a hole. 

CHuCK'LE (chiik'kl), v. i. To laugh in a sup- 
pressed mauner ; to feel inward exultation. 

CHuCK'LING, n. Suppressed laughter ; inward 
triumph. 

CHCFF, n. A clownish person ; a. surly. 

CHuFF'I-LY, a. In a surly manner ; morosely ; 
clownishly. 

CHuFF'Y, a. Blunt ; clownish ; surly. 

CHuM, n. A chamber-fellow ; a companion. 

CPIuMP, n. A short, thick piece of wood. 

CHuNK, n. A short, thick block of wood or other 
substance. 

CHuBCH, n. The society founded by our Lord Je- 
sus Christ ; the collective body of Christians ; a 
particular number of Christians united under one 
form of government, in one creed, as the Church 
of England ; the body of clergy or ecclesiastics, 
in distinction from the laity ; the collective body 
of Christians professing religion under the same 
pastor ; a house consecrated to Christian worship. 

CHuRCII, v. t. To perform with any one the giv- 
ing of thanks in church, as after childbirth. 

CHfjRCH'MAN, n. An ecclesiastic ; an Episco- 
palian, [to the Episcopal Church. 

Clir-RCH'MAN-SHIP, n. The state of belonging 

CHuRCH'-WAR-DEN (war-dn), a. An officer of 
the church. 

CHuBCH'-YaRD, n. A grave-yard near a church. 

CHfjRL, n. A surly, clownish man; a rustic; a 
clown ; a niggard. 

CHuRL'ISH, a. With the spirit of a churl.— Syn. 
Narrow-minded; surly; rude; niggardly. 

CHuRL'ISH-LY, ad. In a churlish manner. 

CHfjRL'ISH-NESS, n. Eudeness of manners ; sur- 
liness; moroseness; clownishuess; niggardliness. 

CHuEN, n. A vessel in which cream is agitated 
to separate the butter. 

CHuRN, v. t. To shake or agitate cream or milk 
for making butter ; to agitate, as in churning but- 
ter. 

CHfjRN'ING, n. The operation of making butter 
from cream by agitation ; the quantity of butter 
made at once. [ing. 

CHuRN'-STaFF, n. Instrument used in churn- 

■CHyLE (kile), n. A milky fluid derived from 
chyme, and conveyed into the circulation by the 
lacteal vessels. 

€HYL-I-FaC'TION, \ n. The act or process of 

€HYL-I-FI-€A'TION,j forming chyle. 

€H\ 'LOUS, a. Consisting of or containing chyle. 

■eHvME (kTme), n. A pulpy substance into which 
food is changed in the stomach by digestion. 

€HYM-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The process of being 
formed into chyme. 

€H?M'IS-TEY. See Chemistry. 

scar ; a little seam of flesh 
wound when healed. 

CIC-A-TEI-Za'TION, n. The process of healing 
a wound. 

ClC'A-TRiZE, v. i. To heal or skin over, as a 
wound; v. t. to cause a cicatrix to form in a 
wound or ulcer. 

CIC-E-Ro'NE (che-che-ro'neorsis-e-ro'ne),n. tit.] 
A guide; one who explains curiosities. 

CIC-E-Eo'NI-AN, a. Like Cicero ; elegant. 

*CIC-IS-BE'0 (che-chis-bii'o or se-sis'be-o), n. [It] 
A dangler about females. 

Cl'DER, n. The juice of apples expressed. 

CI-GaR', n. A little roll of tobacco for smoking. 



73 



CIR 



CiC'A-TRiCEy n. A i 
CiC'A-TRIX, f on a 



CiG'XR-kTTE", n. A small cigar used by Span- 
ish ladies. 

CiL'IA-EY, a. Belonging to the eyelid. 

CiL'I-A-TED, a. Surrounded with bristles. 

CI-Li"CIOUS (se-lish'us), a. Made of hair ; hairy. 

CIM'E-TEE, n. A short sword with a convex edge 
or recurvated point. [dark and gloomy. 

CIM-Me'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Cimm&rii; 

CIN-CHo'NA, n. Peruvian bark. [closure. 

CINCT'uEE (sinkt'yur), n. A belt; a girdle , in- 

CiN'DEB, \ n. Small coals ignited ; the residue 

CE\"DEB$,j of coal or wood when burnt, but 
not reduced to ashes. 

CiN'E-EA-EY, a. Relating to ashes. 

CIX-E-Ra'TION, n. A reducing to ashes. 

CIN-E'RE-OUS, a. Of the color of wood ashes. 

CIN-E-RI"TIOUS (-rish'us), a. Having the color 
of ashes. _ [Ceylon; n. a native of Ceylon. 

CiN g 'GA-LkSE (sing'ga-lGse), a. Pertaining to 

CiN G 'GLE. See Surcingle. 

CiN'XA-BAE, n. An ore of quicksilver; a native 
sulphuret of mercury; vermilion. [laurel. 

CiN'NA-MON, n. The inner bark of a species of 

CiNQUE (sink), n. Five ; the number five. 

CiNQUE'EOIL (sink'foil), n. A creeping plant, a 
species of Pofentilla; a five-leaved rosette in 
architecture. 

Ci'ON, n. The shoot or twig of a tree. See Scion. 

Cl'PHER (sT'fer), n. The figure (0) in numbers ; 
initial letters of a name inwoven ; a secret or dis- 
guised manner of writing. 

Ci'PHEE, v. i. To use figures in arithmetic; v. t. 
to decipher or characterize. 

CITHEE-ING, n. The act of performing arith- 
metical operations. [bewitching. 

CiR-Cli'AN, a. Pertaining to Circe; fascinating; 

CiR-CEN'SIAX a. Relating to the Roman circus. 

CiR'CLE (17), n. A figure bounded by a line ev- 
ery where equidistant from a common point or 
center; a round figure; circuit; compass; series 
ending where it begins. [to move circularly. 

CiR'CLE, v. t. To move round; to inclose; v. i. 

CiE'CLET, n. A little circle. [vein. 

CiR'CO-CELE, n. A dilatation of the spermatic 

CiR'CUIT, n. The act of m' ving round ; a circu- 
lar space ; a district ; that Avhich encircles. 

CiR'-CUIT, v. t. To move or go round. 

CiR-Cu'1-TOUS (-k:/e-tus),a. A term applied to 
going round in a circuit; not direct. 

CiR-Cu'1-TOUS-LY, ad. In a circle or circuit. 

CiR-Cu'I-TY, n. A going round. 

CiR'CU-LAR, a. Round like a circle ; terminating 
in itself; addressed to a number of persons hav- 
ing a common interest ; pertaining to the circles 
of a sphere. [different persons. 

CiR'CU-LAR, n. A letter or paper sent to many 

CiR'CU-LAR-LY, ad. In a circular manner. 

CIR'CU-LaTE, v. i. To pass about; to move 
rouud, returning to the same point; to flow in 
veins or channels, as sap ; v. t. to cause to pass 
round ; to disseminate, [or money of a country. 

CIR'CU-La-TING ME'DI-UM, n. The currency 

CiR-CU-LA'TION, n. The act of circulation; 
state of being circulated; extent of diffusion ; cur- 

CiR-CUM-AM'BI-ENT, a. Surrounding, [rency. 

CiR-CUM-aM'BU-LaTE, v. i. To walk round. 

CiE'CUM-CTSE, v. t. To deprive of the foreskin. 

CiE-CUM-Ci$'ION, n. The act of circumcising ; 
a distinguishing Jewish rite ; figuratively, puri- 
fication of heart. [sides. 

CiB-CUM-€Lu'SION, n. Act of inclosing on all 

CiE-CUM-DuC'TION, n. A leading about ; an an- 
nulling. 

CiR-CuM'FER-EXCE, n. The line that bounds a 
circle ; a periphery ; a circle ; the line encompass- 
ing an}' figure. [circumference. 

CiR-€UM-FE-R£X'TIAL, a. Pertaining to the 

CiR-CUM-FE-EEN'TOR, n. An instrument used 
by sun-eyors in taking angles, [accent on words. 

CiR-CUM-FLECT', v. t. To place the circumflex 



dove, wolf, book; rule, bull; vi"cious. — c as k; & as j; s as z; ch as sn ; Tni6. + Sot English. 



CIR 



74 



CLA 



CiR'GUM-FLEX, n. An accent marked thus (^), 
denoting a wave, or a rising and falling slide of 
the voice on the same syllable. [sides. 

CiR-CuM'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing round on all 

CiR-CuM'FLU-OUS, a. Flowing round. 

CiR-CUM-FO-RA'NE-OUS,t a. Going from home 

CIR-GUM-FO-Ra'NE-AN, j to home; wander- 
ing about. 

CiR-CUM-FOSE', v. t. To pour or spread round. 

CiR-CUM-Fu'SION (-fu'zhun), n. The act of 
pouring around. 

CiR-CUM-gY-Ra'TION, n. A whirling about. 

CiR-CUM-Ja'CENT, a. Lying around; bordering. 

CiR-CUM-LO-Gu'TION, n. A compass of words ; 
a periphrasis. 

CiR-CUM-LoC'u-TO-RY, a. Consisting in a 
compass of words; periphrastic. 

CiR-€UM-MuRjED',a. Walled about, [edround. 

C!R-€UM-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be sail- 

CiR-GUM-NAVl-GATE, v. t. To sail round. 

CiR-CUM-NAV-1-GA'TION, n. A sailing round. 

CiR-GUM-NAVI-GA-TOR, n. One who sails 
round, or round the globe. [the earth. 

CiR-CUM-Po'LAR, a. About one of the poles of 

CiR-CUM-PO-$I"TION, n. The act of placing 
around ; state of being placed around. [round. 

CLR-CUM-Ro'TA-RY, a. Turning ; revolving 

CiR-CUM-RO-TA'TION, n. A revolving round. 

CiR-tTM-S€RlB'A-BLE, a. That may be circum- 
scribed by bounds, [confine within a certain limit. 

CiR-CUM-SCRlBE', v. t. To inclose; to limit; to 

CiR-CUM-SCRIPT'I-BLE, a. That may be cir- 
cumscribed by bounds. 

CiR-CUM-SCRIP'TION, n. Limitation; confine- 
ment ; circular inscription. 

CiR-CUM-SCRiPT'lVE, a. Inclosing; confining; 
marking the limits. [watchful. 

CiR'CUM-SPEGT, a. Wary; cautious; prudent; 

CiR-GUM-SPeC'TION, n. Caution ; watchful- 
ness; attention to the sources of error or danger. 

CiR-CUM-SPE€T'iVE,a. Looking round ; wary; 
careful of consequences ; cautious. 

CiR'GUM-SPEGT-LY,ad. Watchfully; cautious- 
ly ; with vigilance against surprise or danger. 

CiR'CUM-SPECT-NESS, n. Caution; vigilance 
against evil ; circumspection. 

CiR'OUM-STANCE, n. Something attending on or 
relative to a fact, though not essential thereto. — 
Syn. Fact; event; incident. — A fact is a thing 
done ; an event a thing which turns up or occurs ; 
an incident something that falls in to some gen- 
eral course of events. A circumstance (literally, a 
thing standing about or near) is some adjunct 
thereto which more or less affects it. [erty. 

CiR'€UM-STAN-CE$, n. pi. Condition as to prop- 

CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL, a, Particular; minute; 
abounding with circumstances ; incidental ; not 
essential; derived from considering the circum- 
stances. Qy ; according to circumstances. 

CiR-€UM-STAN'TIAL-LY, ad. Minutely ; exact- 

CiR-GUM-STAN'TIALS, n. pi. Things incident, 
but not essential. 

CiR-€UM-STAN'TIaTE, v. t. To place in particu- 
lar circumstances in regard to wealth, &c. 

CiR-CUM-VAL'LATE, v. t. To surround with a 
wall or rampart. 

CiR-CUM-VeNT', v. t. To overreach; to deceive. 

CiR-GUM-VEN'TION, n. A prevailing over by 
artifice or fraud ; deception ; imposition ; fraud ; 
imposture ; delusion ; prevention. [hiding. 

CiR-€UM-VENT'iVE, a. Deceiving by arts; de- 

CiR-CUM-VfiST', v. L To cover on all sides; to 
clothe. 

CiR-CUM-VO-Lu'TION, n. A turning round. 

CiR-GUM-VoLVE', v. t. To cause to revolve; to 
roll round. 

C iR-CUM-V5LVE', v. i. To revolve ; to roll round. 

CiR'CUS, n. ; pi. Ciu'etrs-ES. An edifice or in- 
closed place for games or for feats of horseman- 
ship. 



CIR-RIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing tendrils. 

CiR'ROUS, a. Terminating in a curl or tendril. 

CIR'RUS, n. A name given to clouds of a fibrous 
appearance, resembling carded wool. 

CIS-ALP'iNE, a. On the south of the Alps, or this 
side in respect to Rome. 

CIS-AT-LAN'TIG, a. On this side of the Atlantic. 

CiS'PA-DANE, a. On the south of the river Po. 

CIS'TERN, n. A large vessel for water, &c. ; a 

CiT, n. A cant term for citizen. [reservoir. 

CiT'A-DEL, n. A castle or fortress in or near a city ; 
a place for arms. 

CI-Ta'TION, n. A summons; a notice; a quota- 
tion, [citation; citing. 

CI'TA-TO-RY, a. Having the power or form of 

CITE, v. t. To call upon officially; to summon, 
or give legal notice to appear; to enjoin; to di- 
rect ; to call in proof or confirmation ; to name 
or repeat. 

CITH'ERN, n. A kind of ancient harp. 

ClTT-ZEN (cit'e-zn), n. An inhabitant of a city; 
one vested with the rights of a freeman ; a per- 
manent resident of a place or country ; a. having 
the qualities of a citizen. 

CiT'I-ZEN-SHIP, n. The state of being a citizen, 
or of having the rights and privileges of a citizen. 

CiT'RATE, n. A salt formed by the union of cit- 
ric acid with a base. 

CIT'RIO, a. Of or belonging to the lemon or lime. 

CiT'RIG AC-ID, n. An acid from lemon juice. 

CiT'RINE, a. Like a citron; of a lemon color. 

CIT'RON, n. Fruit of a large species of lemon. 

ClT'Y, n. A walled or an incorporated town ; in 
England, a town where a bishop has had his see ; 
a. pertaining to a city. 

CiVES, n. A species of leek, growing in tufts. 

CIVIC, a. Relating to a city, or to civil officers or 
honors. 

CIVIL, a. Pertaining to society, or to men as citi- 
zens of a state ; political ; civilized ; well-bred ; 
kind ; polite ; municipal ; used in contrast with. 
military, ecclesiastical, criminal, &c. 

CIVIL-EN-Gl-NEER', n. One employed in civil 
engineering. 

CIVIL-EN-gI-NEER'ING, n. The science or art 
of constructing public works, such as rail-roads, 
canals, docks, &c. 

CI- ViLTAN (se-vil'yan), n. A professor of the civ- 
il law ; one engaged in civil pursuits, as distin- 
guished from military, clerical, &c. 

CI-ViL'I-TY, n. Politeness ; kind treatment. 

CIV-IL-I-Za'TION, n. Act of civilizing, or state 
of being civilized ; refinement. 

CIVIL-IZE, v. t. To reclaim from savage life ; to 
instruct in the arts and refinements of life. 

CIVIL-IZ-ER, n. One who, or that which civil- 
izes, [country; Roman law. 

CIVIL-LAW, n. The laws of a state, city, or 

CIVIL-LY, ad. In a civil manner; in reference 
to civil society; politely; with kind attentions. 

CIVIL- WAR, n. A war between people of the 
same state or city. 

CIVISM, n. State of citizenship; patriotism. 

CLAB'BER, \n. Milk turned, become 

BoN'NY-€LAB-BER,j thick or inspissated. 

CLACK, v. i. To make sudden sharp noises. 

CLACK, n. Repetition of sudden sharp sounds; 
that which strikes and clacks ; incessant disa- 
greeable talk. 

CLACK'ING, n. Clack; continuous prating. 

CLAD, pp. of Clothe. Clothed; covered. 

GLaIM, v. t. To call for ; to ask or seek to obtain 
by virtue of authority or right ; to have a right 
or title to, as the heir claims the estate by de- 
scent ; to demand ; to assert as a right. 

CLaIM, n. Demand of right ; a right or title to 
any thing not in possession ; the thing claimed 
or_demanded; a loud call; challenge; title. 

GLaIM'A-BLE, a. That may be demanded. 

CLaIM'ANT, n. One who demands or has a claim. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, "what; there, tekm; makine, bikd; move, 



CLA 



75 



CLE 



CLAIR-VOY'ANCE, n. [JFV.] Discernment of 
things invisible to the senses by mesmeric influ- 
ence. 

€LAIR-VOY'ANT, a. Pertaining to or possoss- 
ing clairvoyance ; n. a person who by mesmer- 
ism can discern things not present to the senses. 

CLAM, n. A genus of bivalvular shell-fish. 

CLAM, v. t. To clog with viscous or glutinous 
matter; v. i. to be moist or sticky. 

€La'.MANT, a. Crying; beseeching. 

CLAM'BER, v. i. To climb with difficulty, or with 
hands and feet. 

€LAM'MI-NESS, n. Yiscousness; stickiness. 

CULM'MY, a. Viscous; ropy; glutinous. 

CLAM'OR, n. Great noise of voices; noisy com- 
plaint. — Syx. Outcry ; uproar ; exclamation. 

CLAM'OR, v. i. or t. To complain ; to be noisy 
with the tongue ; to demand importunately. 

CLAM'OR-OUS, a. Noisy with the tongue ; im- 
portunate. 

CLAM'OR-OUS-LY, ad. With loud words or noise. 

CLAM'OR-OUS-NESS, n. Noisy complaints; 
quality of being clamorous. 

CLAMP, n. A piece of timber or of iron used to 
fasten work together ; a piece of iron to hold the 
trunnion of a cannon to the carriage ; a pile of 
bricks for burning. 

CLAMP, v. t. To fasten with a clamp. 

■CLAN, n. A family ; race ; sect. 

CLAN-DfiS'TiNE, a. Secret; concealed from 
view, underhand; fraudulent. 

CLAN-DeS'TiNE-LY, ad. Secretly; privately. 

CLANG, v. t. or i. To make a sharp, shrill sound ; 
to clatter; to make a loud noise. 

CLANG, n. A sharp, shrill sound, as by the strik- 
ing of metallic bodies. 

CLAN G 'GOR (kl-ang'gor), n. A sharp, harsh sound. 

CLAN G 'GOR-OUS, a. Harsh or sharp in sound. 

CLAN G 'GOUS (klang'gus), a. Making a sharp, 
harsh sound. [rattling. 

■CLANK, n. A sharp, shrill sound, as of a chain 

CLANK, v. t. To make a sharp, shrill sound. 

CLAN'NISH, a. Closely united ; like a clan; dis- 
posed to unite. 

CLAN'NISH-NESS, n. Close adherence or dispo- 
sition to unite, as the members of a clan. 

CLAN'SHIP, n. A state of union in a tribe ; an 
association under a chieftain. 

CLAP, v. t. To strike together; to apply or put 
with quick motion or suddenly; to hit; to ap- 
plaud by clapping hands. 

CLAP, v. i. To strike together with noise ; to strike 
the palms of the hands together for applause. 
To clap to, to take hold or enter upon with alac- 
rity. 

CLAP, n. A striking of hands for applauding; a 
sudden burst of sound, as of thunder ; a sudden 
act or motion ; a venereal disease. 

CLAP'BOARD (klab'urd), n. A narrow board for 
covering houses. 

CLAP'BOARD, v. t. To cover with clapboards. 

CLAP'PER, n. He that claps; the tongue of a 
bell. 

CLaP'PER-CLAW, v. i. To scold ; to rail at. 

CLAP'-TRAP, n. A contrivance for clapping in 
theatres ; artifice or trick to gain applause. 

CLARE OB-SCuRE', n. See Chiaeo Oscxteo and 

Claeo Obscueo. 
' CLAR'ET, 11. A French wine of a pale red color. 

CLAR-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of making clear 
or fining. [uor. 

CLAR'I-FLED (-fide), a. Made pure; fined, as liq- 

CLAR'I-Fi-ER, n. That which refines ; a vessel 
used in clarifying. 

CLAR'I-Fv, v. t. To make clear; to purify from 
dregs; to defecate; v. i. to become clear and 
bright ; to clear up ; to become pure. 

CLAR'I-ON, n. A martial wind instrument. 

€LAR-I-0-NeT',> n. A wind instrument of mu- 

CLAR-I-NfiT', f sic. 



CLAR'I-TuDE, n. Clearness; splendor. 

*CLa'RO OB-SCD'RO, [£.])». Light and shade 

CLARE-OB-SGuRE', j in painting; the 

distribution of light and shade in a piece, for 
producing the best effect on the eye. 

CLASH, v. t. or i. To strike against ; to act in 
opposition ; to interfere; to be coutrary to. 

CLASH, n. A meeting of bodies with violence ; 
noisy collision ; interference. 

CLASH'ING, a. Contrary; interfering; n. a strik- 
ing against; collision with noise; conflict. 

CLASP (6), n. A hook for fastening; a catch; a 
close embrace. 

CLASP, v. t. To hold fast ; to fasten with a clasp. 
— Sv>-. To embrace ; hug. 

CLASP'ER, n. He or that which clasps ; a tendril. 

CLASP'-KNiFE (-nife), n. A knife which folds 
into the handle. 

CLASS (G), n. A rank ; order of persons or things ; 
scientific division or arrangement. 

CLASS, v. t. To arrange in a class or order. — Syn. 
To classify; arrange; distribute. 

CLAS'SIC, n. An author of the first rank. 

CLAS'SIC, \ a. Pertaining to authors of the 

CLAS'SIC-AL,] first rank; primarily, to the 
best Greek and Roman authors; pertaining to a 
class or classis. 

CLAS-SIC-AL'I-TY, 1 n. The quality of being 

CLAS'SIC-AL-NESS,f classical. 

CLAS'SIC-AL-LY, ad. In the order of classes; 
elegantly ; according to the style of classic au- 
thors. 

CLAS-SiF'IC, a. Constituting or noting a class. 

CLAS-SI-FI-Ca'TION, n. Act of arranging, or 
state of being arranged in classes. [classes. 

CLAS'SI-FLKD (-fide), a. Formed into a class or 

CLAS'SI-Fy, v. t. To form into a class or classes. 

CLAS'SIS, n. Class; order; sort; a judicatory like 
a presbytery in the Reformed Dutch and French 
churches. 

CLAT'TER, n. Confused, rattling noises. 

CLAT'TER, v. i. To make confused noises; v. t. 
to cause to rattle. 

CLAT'TER-ING, n. Loud rattling noises; a. 
making sharp, abrupt sounds; rattling. 

CLAUSE, n. A sentence or part of a sentence ; an 
article in a contract, will, &c. 

CLAUS'TRAL, a. Relating to a cloister. 

CLAV'I-CLE (klav'e-kl), n. The collar-bone. 

CLa'VI-ER, n. An assemblage of all the keys of 
an organ or piano-forte, representing all the 
sounds used in melody or harmony. [place. 

CLAV'I-gER, n. One who keeps the keys of any 

CLAW, n. The hooked nail of a beast, bird, or 
other animal. 

CLAW, v. t. To tear with the claws ; to scratch. 

CLAWED (klaud), a. Furnished with claws. 

CLaY (kla), n. A species of compact, tenacious 
earth; frailty. 

CLaY'EY (kla'y), a. Consisting of clay; like clay. 

CLaY'ISH, a. Partaking of the qualities of clay. 

CLaY'-MaRL, n. A smooth, chalky clay. 

CLaY'MoRE, n. A large sword formerly used by 
the Scottish Highlanders. 

CLaY'-PIT, ii. A place where clay is dug. 

CLaY'- STONE, n. An earthy stone resembling 
indurated clay. 

CLEAN, a. Free from dirt, or whatever defiles or 
renders imperfect ; pure; innocent; entire. 

CLEAN, v. t. To free from dirt; to purify. 

CLEAN, ad. Quite ; fully ; entirely. 

CLeAN'LI-NESS (klSn'le-ness), n. Neatness; free- 
dom from impurity. [neat. 

CLeAN'LY (klcn'l}"), a. Free from dirt; pure; 

CLeAN'LY, ad. In a clean manner; nicely; ele- 
gantly; dextrously. [purity ; innocence. 

CLeAVNESS, n. Freedom from dirt; neatness; 

€L£AN$'A-BLE (klSnz'a-bl), a. That may be 
cleansed. [to make clean ; to purify. 

CLEANSE (kl^nz), v. t. To free from impurities; 



DOVE, AVOLF, BOOK; EULE, BULL; Vl''CIOUS. 



k ; u as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; tiiis. + Not English. 



CLE 



7G 



CLO 



CLEANS'ER (kUnz'er), n. He or that which pu- 
rifies, [ing. 

CLEANS'ING (klenz'ing), n. The act of purify- 

CLEAR (kleer), a. Free from mixture, obstruction, 
difficulty, obscurity, 'defect, &c. — Syn. Pure ; 
transparent; plain; obvious; lucid; distinct; 
manifest ; bright. See Apparent. 

€LeAR (kleer), v. t. To make clear; to free from 
obstructions; to free from any thing noxious; 
to remove all encumbrances ; to liberate ; to 
cleanse ; to free from obscurity ; to purge from 
guilt; to leap over or pass by without touching 
or failure; to acquit; to gain beyond expenses. 
To clear a ship, to procure permission to sail. 

CLEAR, v. i. To become free from clouds; to be- 
come free from impurities or encumbrances. 

CLeAR'AgE, n. The removing of any thing. 

CLEAR' ANCE, n. Act of clearing ; a permit for a 
vessel to sail. 

CLeAR'ING, n. A defense; justification; a tract 
of land cleared of wood. 

CLeAR'ING-HOUSE, n. A place where the ac- 
counts of different banks with each other are 
adjusted and balances paid. 

CLeAR'LY, ad. Plainly; evidently; brightly. 

CLeAR'NESS, n. Literally, brightness; hence, 
freedom from every thing which obscures. — Syn. 
Perspicuity ; transparency. — Clearness is either 
physical or mental. In the latter case it is a 
quality of thought, as perspicuity is of language. 
Clear ideas; & clear arrangement; perspicuous 
phraseology. Transparency is both physical 
and moral. The transparency of the heavens ; 
transparent integrity ; a transparent style. 

CLEAR'-SiGHT-ED (-si-ted), a. Quick to dis- 
cern; judicious. 

CLEAR'-STXRCH, v. t. To stiffen with starch, 
and clear by clapping between the hands. 

CLEAR'-ST<3-RY,| n. An upper story of a church 

CLERE'-STo-RY,j (with windows), rising clear 
above the roof on the two sides. 

CLEAR -STuFF, n. Lumber, board, &c, clear of 
knots or irregularities of the grain. 

■CLEAT (kleet), n. A piece of wood for fastening 
or strengthening. 

CLEAVA-BLE, a. That may be cleaved. 

CLeAVAgE, n. The act of splitting; capability 
of being split. 

CLEAVE (kleev), v. t. \_pret. Cleaved, Clave, 
Clove ; pp. Cleft, Cloven, Cleaved.] To split ; 
to divide ; to sever ; to part forcibly ; v. i. to ad- 
here ; to stick ; to hold to ; to unite ; to part ; to 
crack ; to separate. 

CLEAVER, n. A butcher's instrument for cutting 
up meat ; he or that which cleaves. 

CLEF, n. A character to show the key in music. 

CLEFT, n. A crack ; an opening made by split- 
ting; a piece of wood split off. 

CLEM'EN-CY, n. Disposition to treat with favor 
and kindness. — Syn. Lenity; gentleness; indulg- 
ence; mercy; compassion. 

CLEM'ENT, a. Mild; kind; merciful. 

CLENCH. See Clinch. [the ancients. 

CLEPSY-DRA, n. A sort of water-clock among 

CLER'GY, n. The body of men set apart and 
consecrated by due ordination to the service of 
God in the Christian Church; the body of the 
ecclesiastics in distinction from the laity. In 
England the word is confined to ministers of the 
Established Church. Benefit of Clergy, an ex- 
emption from criminal process, extended at one 
time to all who could read. 

CLER'gY-MAN, n. A person in holy orders ; one 
of the clergy ; a minister. 

CLER'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to the clergy, who 
were originally called clerks; hence, belonging 
to a clerk, as a clerical error. 

CLERK, n. Ipro. Clark in England.] Formerly 
a clergyman; one able to read; a scholar; in 
modern usage, a writer for another ; an assistant 



in a shop or store ; the reader of the responses 
in the Church service. 

CLERK'SHIP, n. The business or office of a 
clerk. 

CLEVER, a. Having or showing manual dexter- 
ity or skill, as a clever artist ; marked by intel- 
lectual ability and tact, as a clever review or 
speaker. In New England, kind-hearted. — Syn. 
Expert ; dextrous ; skillful ; adroit. 

CLEVER- LY, ad. Skillfully; readily. 

CLEVER-NESS, n. Skill; dexterity; good dis- 
position. 

CLEVIS,} n. The U-shaped draft-iron on the 

CLEVY, j end of a cart-tongue or plow-beam. 

CLEW (klu), n. A ball of thread ; any thing that 
guides ; lower corner of a sail. See Cltje. 

CLEW, v. t. To truss up to the yard, as a sail. 

CLiCK, v. i. To make small sharp noises. 

CLICK, n. The latch of a door ; a catch. 

CLi'ENT, n. The employer of an attorney or law- 
yer; a dependent; among the Romans, one who 
put himself under a protector or patron. 

CLI'ENT-SHIP, n. The condition of a client. 

CLIFF, n. A steep rock ; a precipice ; a clef. 

CLIFF, in music. See Clef. 

CLI-MaC'TER-IC, \ a. Denoting a critical 

GLI-MAG-TERTG-ALJ period of life. 

CLI-MaC'TER-IC, n. A critical period or year 
of human life. 

CLI'MATE, n. The condition of a place in respect 
to its atmospheric phenomena, as heat, moisture, 

CLI-MaT'IC, a. Relating to climate. [&c. 

GLi-MA-T6L'0-6Y, n. Science of climate. 

CLi'MAX, n. Gradation ; ascent ; a figure of rhet- 
oric, in which a sentence rises, as it were, step by 
step, or a series of sentences or particulars rise in 
importance or dignity to the close. 

CLIMB (kllme), v. i. or t. To mount by the hands 
and feet; to ascend with effort ; to ascend. 

CLIMB'ER (kllm'cr), n. One that climbs. 

CLIME, n. A climate; a region of the earth [a 
poetical word]. 

CLINCH, v. t. To gripe; to hold fast; to make 
fast ; v. i. to hold fast upon. 

CLINCH, n. Fast hold ; part of a cable ; a turn or 
twist of meaning. [ening. 

CLINCH'ER, n. A holdfast ; a cramp or iron fast- 

CLING, v. i. \_pret. and pp. Clung.] To adhere 
closely; v. t. to dry up or wither. — ShaJc. 

CLING'Y, a. Disposed to adhere ; adhesive. 

CLIN'IC, \ a. Pertaining to a bed, or sick- 

GLIN'IC-AL,j bed; keeping bed. 

CLIN'IC, n. One confined to his bed by illness. 

CLINK, v. t. or i. To make a sharp ringing sound; 
to jingle. 

CLINK, n. A sharp ringing sound. 

CLINK'ER, n. Vitreous matter or slag. 

CLINK'-SToNE, n. A kind of trap stone. 

CLiP, v. t. To cut off, as with scissors; to confine 
or embrace; to run rapidly, as "to clip it down 
the wind." — Syn. To curtail; shorten; diminish. 

CLIP, n. A blow with the hand ; the act or prod- 
uct of sheep-shearing; an embrace. 

CLIPPED (klipt), pp. or a. Cut off; curtailed. 

GLIP'PER, n. One who clips; one who dimin- 
ishes coin ; a vessel built for swift sailing. 

CLIP'PING, n. A piece cut off. 

CLIQUE (kleek), n. LFV.] A narrow circle of per- 
sons ; a party. 

CLoAKJ n. A loose outer garment ; a cover ; a 

€LoKE,j blind; a disguise; a pretext. 

CLoAK, \ v. t. To cover, as with a cloak ; to hide ; 

CLoKE, j to disguise ; to use a false pretense. 

CLoCK, n. A large time-piece; ornament of a 
stocking. 

CL5CK'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes clocks. 

CLoCK'-WORK (klok'wiirk), n. Machinery or 
movement of a clock ; well-adjusted work. 

CL6D, n. A lump of earth ; a dunce ; v. i. to hard- 
en into a lump. 



., long.- 



-A, E, &C, Short. — CABE, FAE, LAST, FALL, WHAT; THEEE, TEEM; MAEINE, BIRD; MOVE, 



CLO 



COA 



CLoD'DY, a. Full of clods ; rough ; hard. 

€LOD'-H< ")P-PER, n. A clown ; a dolt. 

CLoD'PaTE,) n. A stupid fellow; a dolt; a 

€LoD'PoLE,f thick skull. 

€L6D'PA-TED, a. Stupid; dull. 

CLOFF. See Cloi-gh. 

CLOG, v. t. To load -with extraneous matter so as 
to check or embarrass. — Sy>\ To impede; ob- 
struct ; encumber ; hinder ; v. i. to be loaded 
■with extraneous matter. 

CLOG, n. Au obstruction ; something which hin- 
ders motion, or serves to encumber. — Syn. Load ; 
weight; hinderance; impediment. 

CLOG'GY, a. Apt to clog; heavy. 

CLOIS'TER, n. A place of religious retirement. — 
Syn. Monastery; nunnery; convent; abbey; pri- 
ory. — Cloister is generic, being a place of seclu- 
sion from the world; a monastery is usually for 
men called monks ; a nunnery is always for wom- 
en ; a convent is a community of recluses ; an ab- 
X)ey and a priory are. named from their heads, an 
abbot or prior. 

CLOIS'TER, v. t. To shut up in a cloister. 

CLOIS'TERi'D, a. Confined to a cloister; se- 
cluded ; solitary ; built around. 

CLOKE, n. An outer garment. See Cloak. 

CLO*E (kloze), v. t. To shut ; to join ; to finish ; 
to conclude ; to unite ; to inclose ; v. i. to unite ; 
to coalesce ; to come together ; to terminate. 

CLOSE (kloze), n. A small inclosed field ; conclu- 
sion ; temporary finishing ; final end. 

CLOSE, a. Shut fast; private; confined; near; 
compact; reserved; covetous; ad. closelv; nearlv. 

CLOSE-COM-McN'ION, n, The practice of ad- 
mitting to the communion only those of the same 
sect. 

CLOSE-COR-PO-Ra'TION, n. A corporation 
which shuts out others, and perpetuates itself by 
its own acts. 

€LOSE'-FlST-ED, a. Penurious; niggardly. 

CLoSE'LY, ad. In a close state or manner. 

CLoSE'XESS, n. The state of being close ; com- 
pactness; tightness; penuriousness. 

CLOS'ET, w. A private apartment. 

CLOS'ET, v. t. To take in or shut up in privacy. 

€L5$'ING, n. End; period; conclusion.' 

€JL5SlNG, a. That ends or concludes. 

CLOS'URE (klo'zhur), n. A closing ; an inclosure ; 
that which closes. 

CLOT, n. A concretion; a lump; coagulation. 

CLOT, v. t. or i. To concrete ; to form into a lump 
or inspissated mass. 

CLOTH (20), n. ; pi. Cloths (klauthz). A stuff of 
wool, cotton, &c, formed by weaving. 

CLOTHE, v. t. ipret. and^p. Clad, Clothed.] To 
furnish with garments; to dress; to cover; to in- 
vest. 

CLOTHES (klothz or kloz), n. ; pi. of Cloth. Gar- 
ments ; coverings of cloth. — Sy>\ Vestments ; 
dress ; appareL 

CLOTH'IER, n. One who fulls and dresses cloth ; 
a maker or seller of cloth; one who furnishes 
clothes. 

CLoTH'IXG, n. Garments ; dress ; covering. 

C LOUD, 11. A thick collection of vapors in the air ; 
any collection of vapor, smoke, &c, resembling a 
cloud ; a multitude ; a state of obscurity. 

CLOUD, v. t. To overspread or darken with clouds ; 
to obscure ; to variegate with colors ; v. i. to be- 
come cloudy or obscure. 

CLOUD'-CaPT, a. Topped with clouds. 

€LOUD'I-LY, ad. Darkly; gloomily; with clouds. 

CLOUD1-XESS, n. Obs'curlty by clouds; varie- 
gation of colors. 

CLOUD'LESS, a. Free from clouds. 

CLOUD'Y, a. Full of clouds; obscure; spotted; 
variegated; gloomy. 

CLOfGH (klfif), n. A cleft ; a ravine in a hill. 

C LOUGH (kluf), n. An allowance in weight in 
addition to tare and tret. 



CLOUT, n. A patch ; a piece of cloth for the clean- 
liness of an infant ; nail ; plate of iron. [clout. 

CLOUT, v. t. To patch; to nail; to cover with a 

CLoVE, ii. An aromatic spice ; a cleft or ravine. 

CLo'VEN (klo'vn), pp. of Cleave. Cleft; split. 

CLo' YEN-FOOT-ED,) a. Having the hoof in 

€Lo / VEN-HOOP^D,J separate parts. 

CLi/YER, n. ' A genus of plants called trefoil. 

CLOWN, n. A rustic ; a rude, unpolished person ; 
a jester or buffoon. 

CLOWNTSH, a. Having the qualities of a clown ; 
rude; rustic; clumsy; ill-bred. 

CLOWX'ISH-LY, ad. Rudely; awkwardly; in a 
clownish way. [ill-breeding ; awkwardness. 

CLOWX'ISH-XESS, n. Rudeness of manners; 

CLOY, v. t. To fill to satiety.— Syn. To glut; to 
satiate. 

CLuB, ii. A heavy stick to be wielded by the 
hands; a select association of persons for a par- 
ticular purpose; amount or share of expense; 
name of a suit of cards. 

CLuB, v. i. To join in common expense or for a 
common purpose ; v. t. to unite for a common 
purpose ; to combine. [feet. 

CLuB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having short or crooked 

CLuB'-LAW, n. Government by clubs or force ; 
violence iu place of law. 

CLuB'-ROOM, n. An apartment in which a club 
meets. [er at the end. 

CLuB'-SHaPJ?D (-shapte), a. Like a club ; thick- 

CLuCK, v. t. To call chickens by a particular 
sound; v. i. to make a noise as a hen when call- 
ing chickens. 

CLuE, 11. That which guides us amid intricacies, 
as if by a thread running through them. [In this 
sense the word has now taken this spelling.] 

CLuMP, n. A thick piece of wood; a cluster; a 

CLuM'SI-LY, ad. Heavily; awkwardly, [mass. 

CLuaTSI-NESS, n. Heaviness of motion ; awk- 
wardness; ungainliness. 

€JLuM'SY, a. Literally, lumpish; hence, heavy 
and ungraceful in form, motion, &c. ; ill-made. 
— Syx. Awkward ; uncouth. See Awkward. 

€LuNG, pret andjjp. of Cling. [als. 

CLlS'TER, ?2. A bunch ; a collection of individu- 

CLuS'TER, v. i. To grow or unite in a bunch or 
crowd; to collect together; v. t. to collect into a 
bunch or body. 

CLCS'TER-ING, a. Growing in a cluster. 

CLCS'TER-Y, a. Growing in clusters. 

CLuTCH, n. A gripe ; grasp. Clutches, hands in 
the sense of rapacity. 

CLuTCH, v. t. To clasp with the fingers; to grasp 
tightly or rapaciously; to hold fast; to gripe. 

CLuT'TER, n. An assemblage in confusion. 

CLuT'TER, v. t. To crowd together in confusion ; 
to fill with things in confusion ; v. i. to fill with 
confusion ; to bustle. 

CLJS'TER, n. An injection for cleansing the 
bowels or lower intestines. 

CO, an abbreviation of Con, when prefixed to words, 
signifies with or union ; an abbreviation of cmn- 
pany. [ure or traveling. 

COACH 0.9), n. A four-wheeled carriage for pleas- 

CoACH, v. t. To convey in a coach. 

COACH'-BOX, n. The coachman's seat. 

COACH'-HOUSE, n. A shed for a coach or car- 
riage. 

CoACH'-MaK-ER, ii. One who makes coaches. 

COACH'MAN. 72. One who drives a coach. 

COACH'MAN-SHIP, 72. Skill in driving. 

CO-aC'TION, 72. Compulsion; force; restraint. 

CO-aCT'iYE, a. Having the power of compul- 
sion ; acting in concurrence. 

CO-aD'JU-TANT, a. Mutually assisting. 

CO-AD-Ju'TOR, 72. One who aids another.— Syn. 
Assistant; helper; colleague; ally. [agent 

CO-a'OENT, 72. An assistant in an act; a fellow- 

CO-AG'u-LA-BLE, a. Capable of being concreted 
or coagulated. 



dove, wolf, look ; eule, eull ; vi"ciors. — € as k ; (i as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + Xot English. 



COA 



73 



COE 



GO-AG'u-LaTE, v. t. To curdle; to concrete; to 
change from a fluid to a thick or fixed state ; v. i. 
to turn from a fluid to a concrete state. 

GO-AG-U-LX'TION, n. The act or process of curd- 
ling; concretion; the body formed by coagulating. 

GO-aG'u-La-TiVE, a. Having power to coagulate. 

GO-aG'u-La-TOR, n. That which causes to curdle. 

GO-aG'u-LUM, n. Runnet ; that which causes co- 
agulation ; a coagulated mass. 

GoAL, n. Wood charred ; a solid combustible sub- 
stance used for fuel, found embedded in the earth. 

•CoAL, v. t. To burn to charcoal ; v. i. to get or 
take in coal ; as, the steamer stopped to coal. 

GoAL'ER-Y, n. A place where coal is dug. 

GO-A-LeSOE' (ko-a-less'), v. i. To unite ; to grow 
together. 

GO-A-LeS'CENCE, n. The act of uniting ; union. 

GO-A-LeS'CENT, a. Joined; united. 

CoAL'-FIeLD, n. A bed of fossil coal. 

GoAL'ING, n. The act of taking in coal. 

GO-A-Li"TION (-lish'un), n. Union in a body or 
mass; union of persons, parties, or states. — Syn. 
_Confederacy ; alliance; league; combination. 

GoAL'-MeAS'URE, n. A measure for coals ; coal 
measures, beds of coal. [the earth. 

GoAL'-MlNE, n. A mine where coal is taken from 

CoAL'-PiT, n. A pit where coal is dug. In the 
United States, a place where charcoal is made. 

GoAL'Y, a. Full of coal ; like coal. 

CoAM'INGS, n. pi. In ships, the raised borders 
or edges of the hatches. 

GO-XRCT'aTE, a. Pressed together. 

GoARSE, a. Not fine; not refined; inelegant; 
jnean. — Syn. Gross; rude; rough; unpolished. 

GoARSE'LY, ad. In a coarse manner ; roughly ; 
rudely, [ness; largeness. 

GoARSE'NESS, n. Grossness; rudeness; rough- 

GoAST, n. Edge or border of land next to the 
sea; sea-shore; limit or border of a country 
[Scrip.]. [shore. 

GoAST, v. t. or i. To sail along or near to the 

GoAST'ER, n. A person or vessel that sails along 
_a coast trading from port to port. 

GoAST'ING, a. Sailing along the coast; n. a sail- 
ing near land, or from port to port in the same 
jstate. 

GoAT (19), n. A man's upper garment ; a covering 
or layer ; the covering or fur of a beast, &c. ; petti- 
coat ; a tunic of the eye ; that on which ensigns 
armorial are portrayed, usually called a coat of 
arms. Coat of mail, a kind of shirt, consisting 
of a net-work of iron rings. 

GoAT, v. t. To cover with a coat or layer. 

GoAT-EE', n. A coat with short flaps. 

GoAT'ING, n. A covering; cloth for coats. 

GoAX, v. t. To lead on by kind treatment. — Syn. 
To wheedle ; flatter ; appease ; persuade ; entice. 

GoAX'ER, n. One who entices by flattery; a 
wheedler. 

G5B, n. Literally, head ; hence, a rounded mass, 
as in cobble-stone, cob-coal, &c. ; a thick, strong 
pony. In America, a spike of maize. 

Go'BALT (ko'bolt), n. A mineral of a reddish- 
gray color, used to give a blue color to glass, en- 
amels, porcelain, &c. 

GO-BALT'IG, a. Pertaining to cobalt. 

GoB'BLE, n. A boat used in the herring fishery. 

GoB'BLE, \n. A roundish stone ; a peb- 

GoB'BLE-SToNE,f ble. 

GoB'BLE, v. t. To mend coarsely or clumsily ; to 
make or do bunglingly. 

GoB'BLER, n. A mender of shoes ; a bungler. 

GoB'WEB, n. A spider's web; a trap; a. slight; 
flimsy. 

GO€-aGNE' (kok-aneO, n. An imaginary country 
of idleness, luxury, and delight. Hence, applied 
to London and its suburbs. [berries. 

GOG-CIF'ER-OUS (kok-sif'er-us), a. Producing 

GoOH'I-NeAL, n. A substance composed of dried 
insects, used in dyeing scarlet. 



Go€H'LE-A-RYJ , 1r - lr « D v J a. Like a screw; 

GoGH'LE-ATE, f < K0K ie " ; ' \ spiral. 

GoCK, v. t. To set upright; to strut; to set the 
cock of a gun ; to gather hay into conical heaps. 

GoCK, n. The male of birds and fowls ; a spout 
or instrument for discharging fluids; the ham- 
mer or part of a gun-lock which strikes fire; a 
pile of hay ; a small boat ; a projection ; a leader. 

GoCK-aDE', n. A ribbon, or knot of ribbon, or 
something similar, to be worn on the hat. 

GoCK'A-TRiCE, n. A kind of serpent imagined 
to proceed from a cock 1 s egg. 

GoCK'-BoAT, n. A small boat. 

GoOK -CHaF-ER, n. The dorr-beetle. 

G6CK -GRoW-ING, n. The time of the crowing 
of cocks in the morning ; early morn. 

GoCK'ER, v. t. To fondle; to caress; to pamper. 

GoCK'ER-EL, n. A young cock. 

G6GK-ER-ING, n. Indulgence. [tom-house. 

GOCK'ET, n. A ticket or warrant from the cus- 

GoCK'-FIGHT, I . ~- Q . j n. A contest of 

GoCK'-FIGHT-ING,i ( TO; ' \ cocks. 

€oCK'-HoRSE, a. On horseback; triumphing. 

GoCK'LE (kok'kl), n. A genus of shell, or shell- 
fish ; corn-rose. [to shrink. 

GoCK'LE, v. t. or i. To contract into wrinkles; 

GoCK'LE-STAIRS, n. pi. Winding or spiral 

GoCK'-LoFT, n. A room over the garret, [stairs. 

GoCK'NEY (kok'ny), n. ; pi. Gock'neys. A na- 
tive of London ; a. pertaining to or resembling a 
cockney. [cockney. 

GoCK'NEY-ISM, n. Dialect or manners of a 

GoCK'PIT, n. A place where cocks fight ; a room 
in a ship under the lower gun-deck. 

GoCK'RoACH, n. A troublesome insect, the Blat- 
ta, infesting houses. [cock ; a plant. 

GoCK'S'GoMB (kox'kdme), n. The comb of a 

GoCK'SWAIN (in familiar speech contracted into 
kok'sn), n. The steersman of a boat, having 
command in the absence of an officer. 

Go'GoA (ko'ko), n. The chocolate-tree ; the nut 
of this tree ; a decoction from a preparation of 
the nut. [The more proper spelling would be ca- 
cao.] 

Go'GoA-NuT, n. The nut or fruit of a kind of 
palm-tree inclosed in a fibrous husk. 

GO-€OON', n. The silken ball in which the silk- 
worm involves itself; the like ball or case formed 
by certain other insects. [silk-worms. 

GO-GOON'ER-Y, n. A building or apartment for 

GoG'TiLE, a. Made by baking, as a brick. 

GoG'TION, n. A boiling ; a digestion. 

GoD, n. A sea-fish of the genus Gadus; a bag; 
envelope, or case of seeds. 

GoD'DLE,? v. t. To caudle; hence, to make 

GoD'LE, /" much of. digest of laws. 

GoDE, n. A book of the civil law ; a collection or 

€o'DEX, n. ; pi. Go'di-ces. [Z/.] A manuscript ; a 
book ; a code. 

GoD'gER, n. A rustic ; a clown ; a miserly man. 

GoD'I-CIL, n. A supplement to a will. 

GO-DI-FI-Ga'TION, n. The act or process of re- 
ducing laws to a system. 

Go'DI-Fy, v. t. To reduce to a code. 

GoD'-LlNE, n. A line for taking codfish. 

GoD'LING, n. A young cod. 

GO-eF'FI-€A-CY, n. Joint efficacy or power. 

GO-EF-FI"CIEN-GY (-fish'en-sy), n. Joint oper- 
ation, [gether. 

GO-EF-Fi"CIENT (-fish'ent), a. Operating to- 

€0-EF-Fi"CIENT, n. That which is connected 
with something else in producing an effect ; in 
algebra, a number or letter prefixed as a multiple 
to another letter or quantity. 

GCE'LI-A€J a. Pertaining to the belly or to the 

Ce'LI-AG, f intestinal canal. 

GO-eMP'TION, n. A purchasing of the whole. 

GO-e'QUAL, a. Equal with another. [another. 

GO-E-QUALT-TY (-kwol'e-ty), n. Equality with 

GO-e'QUAL-LY, ad. With joint equality. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; there, term; mar'lne, bird; move, 



COE 



79 



COL 



CO-eRCE' (13), v. t. To impel by f >rce ; to re- 
strain. — Syn. To compel. — Coerce (L. cocrceo, to 
drive or press) had at first only the negative 
sense of checking or restraining by force, as to 
coerce subjects within the bounds of law; it has 
now also gained a positive seq|e, that of driving 
forward or compelling, as to coerce the perform- 
ance of a contract. 

CO-eRC'i-BLE, a. That may be restrained or 
forced. 

CO-EE'CIQN, ii. Restraint or compulsion by force. 

CO-eR'CIVE, a. Serving to restrain ; compulsory. 

CO-eR'CiVE-NESS, ii. Power to restrain. 

CO-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. Partaking of the same es- 
sence, [her. 

CO-ES-SeN'TIAL-LY, ad. In a co-essential man- 

€0-ES-TaTE', n. A state of equal rank ; a union 
of interests or estates. 

CO-E-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Of the same age with an- 
other ; beginning to exist at the same time. 

CO-E-TeR'NAL (13), a. Equally eternal with an- 
other, [nity ; equal eternity. 

CO-E-TeR'NI-TY, n. Equal existence from eter- 

CO-e'VAL, a. Of the same or equal age ; n. one 
of the same age. 

CO-EX-e€'u-TOR, n. A joint executor. 

CO-EX-IST (-egz-ist'), v. i. To exist together. 

CO-EX-iST'ENCE, n. Existence at the same time. 

CO-EX-iST'ENT, a. Existent at the same time. 

CO-EX-TeND', v. t. or i. To extend to the same 
limit; to extend equally. 

CO-EX-TEN'SION, n. Equal extension. 

CO-EX-T£N'SiVE, a. Equally extensive. 

CO-EX-TeN'SiVE-NESS, n. Equal extension. 

CoF'FEE, n. The berry of a tree; a drink made 
from the berry of the coffee-tree by decoction. 

CoF'FEE-HOUSE, n. A house of entertainment. 

€5F'FEE-MlLL, n. A mill to grind coffee. 

CoF'FEE-POT, n. A pot in which coffee is boiled, 
or in which it is brought upon the table for drink- 
ing, [in a coffer; to treasure up. 

CoF'FER, n. A chest ; a treasure ; v. t. to deposit 

CdF'FER-DAM, n. A curb or close box of timber 
to be sunk to the bottom of rivers or other water, 
and the water pumped out; used in laying the 
foundation of piers and abutments in deep water. 

CoF'FIN, n. A box or chest for the dead human 
holy; in farriery, the hollow part of a horse's 
foot ; in printing, a wooden frame, inclosing the 
stone on which the form is imposed. 

CoF'FIN, v. t. To inclose in a coffin. 

CdF'FLE, n. A gang of slaves on their way to 
market, from an Arabic word denoting caravan. 

C5G, v. t. To flatter; to deceive; to draw by 
adulation or artifice ; to thrust in by deception ; 
v. i. to deceive ; to lie ; to wheedle. 

CoG, n. The tooth of a wheel ; a boat. 

Co'gEN-CY, n. Power of compelling or of pro- 
ducing conviction ; force ; urgency. 

Co'gENT, a. Having great force; adapted to con- 
vince. — Syn. Powerful ; urgent ; forcible ; con- 
vincing; resistless. 

Co'gENT-LY, ad. With force or urgency. 

Cog'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be thought on. 

Cog'I-TATE, v. i. To think ; to meditate. 

COg-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of thinking.— Syn. 
Meditation ; thought ; contemplation. 

Cog'I-Ta-TiVE, a. Thinking; having the pow- 
er to think ; given to meditation. 

CoG'NaTE, a. Bom together; allied by blood; 

proceeding from the same stock ; related. 
CoGN'IAC,) ,,-„/ V1 jn. A kind of brandy, 
COG'NAC, / CKOn yaK; ' \ so called from Cogn- 
ac, in France. [tain knowledge. 
COG-Ni'TION (kog-nlsh'un), n. Knowledge; cer- 
COG'NI-TiVE, a. Knowing or apprehending by 

the understanding. 
CoG'NI-ZA-BLE (kog'- or kon'-), a. Falling, or 
that may fall under judicial notice, or under no- 
tice or observation. 



CoG'NI-ZANCE (kog'- or kon'-), n. Knowledge or 
notice; jurisdiction; acknowledgment, as of a 
fine. 

CoG'NI-ZANT (kog'ne-zant or kon'e-zant), a. 
Having knowledge of. 

COG-NI-ZEE' (kog-ne-zee'or kon-e-zee'), n. One 
to whom a fine is acknowledged. 

COG-NI-ZOR' (kog-ne-zor' or kon-e-zor'), n. One 
who acknowledges a fine. 

OOG-No'MEN, n. [L.] Surname; family name. 

COG-N6M'IN-AL, a. Pertaining to a surname. 

€OG-XoS'OENCE, n. Knowledge. 

€OG-XoS'CI-BLE, a. That may be known. 

*€OGr-No'VIT, n. [L.] In laio, an acknowledg- 
ment by the defendant of the justice of the plain- 
tiffs claim, [serted. 

CoG'-WHEEL, ii. A wheel with cogs or teeth in- 

€0-HaB'IT, v. i. To live as man and wife, or to- 
gether, [husband and wife. 

OO-HAB-IT-a'TION, n. A living together, or as 

€0-HeIR' (12) (ko-air'), n. A joint heir Avith an- 
other, [joint heiress. 

OO-HfilR'ESS (ko-air'ess), n. A female who is 

OO-HERE', v. i. To stick together ; to be well con- 
nected. — Syn. To adhere; unite; stick; agree; 
suit ; be consistent. 

€0-HER'ENCE, \ii. A sticking together; union 

■CO-HeR-EN-CY,/ of parts; suitable connection ; 
consistency. [fitting. 

€0-HeR'ENT, a, Sticking together ; consistent; 

OO-HeR'ENT-LY, ad. In a coherent manner; 
with due connection or agreement. 

€0-HE'SION (ko-he'zhun), n. The act of stick- 
ing together ; the power that holds the particles 
of bodies together; state of union ; connection. 

■GO-He'SiYE, a. Sticking; adhesive. [er. 

€0-He'.-iVE-XESS, n. Quality of sticking togeth- 

€0-HoE*',\ / h . n -u R „ ^ ]n. A fall of water in a 

€0-HGZE',} (ko-hoze)j riyen rj-^m.] 

€o'HORT, ii. Among the Romans, a troop of sol- 
diers, about 500 or 600. [a coif. 

€OIF, n. A cap for the head; v. t. to cover with 

€OIF'FuRE (koif'yur), n. A head-dress. 

COIL, v. t. To gather or wind into a ring. 

COIL, n. Circular form of a rope or a serpent; 
noise ; confusion. — Shah. 

COIN, n. A piece of metal legally stamped, and 
issued for circulation as money; current coin is 
coin circulating in trade ; a wedge-shaped block 
to support a column on an inclined plane; a 
wedge ; a corner or external angle ; a projection. 

COIN, v. t. To stamp metal for money; to make 
or forge. 

COIN'AgE, n. Act of coining; money coined; 
the coins of a particular stamp or issue ; expense 
of coining ; formation ; invention. 

CO-IN-CIDE', v. i. To agree ; to concur ; to meet. 

CO-IN'CI-DENCE, n. Agreement; concurrence; 
a happening at the same time. [current. 

CO-lN'CI-DENT, a. Agreeing; consistent; con- 

COIN'ER, n. A maker of money; inventor. 

COIN'ING, n. The act or art of stamping metal- 
lic money. [age made of these fibers. 

COIR, n. The fibers of the cocoa-nut-tree; cord- 

CO-I"TION (-Ish'un), n. Copulation; a meeting 
or coming together. 

CO-JOIN', v. t. To unite in the same thing. 

CoKE, n. Fossil coal deprived of its bitumen by 
heat. 

COL'AN-DER (kul'len-der), n. A vessel for strain- 
ing liquors. See Cullekdee. 

CoL'CO-THAR, n. A red oxyd of iron remaining 
after the distillation of sulphuric acid from sul- 
phate of iron ; used in polishing. 

CoLD, a. Destitute of or deficient in warmth, phys- 
ical or moral. — Syn. Frigid ; chilly ; chilling ; 
bleak ; inanimate ; indifferent ; spiritless ; re- 
served ; coy. 

CoLD, n. Sensation produced by a loss of heat ; a 
disorder occasioned bv cold ; catarrh. 



hove, wolf, book; eule, eull; vi 'c:ox 



is j; s as z ; en as su ; this. * Sot English. 



COL 



80 



COL 



CoLD'~BLGOD-ED (-blud'ed), a. Having cold 
blood ; Avithout sensibility or feeling. 

€uLD'LY, ad. In a cold manner ; reservedly ; in- 
differently. 

CoLD'NESS, n. Want of heat; frigidity; reserve; 
indifference ; want of sensual desire. 

Co-LE-oP'TER-AL, \ a. Having wings with a 

Co-LE-5P'TER-OUS,j case or sheath. 

CoLE'WoRT, n. A sort of cabbage. [bowels. 

CdL'IC, n. A painful spasmodic affection of the 

COL-LaB'O-Ra-TOR, IFr. Collaborateur], n. 
An associate in labor. 

COL-LAPSE', v. i. To fall together; to close. 

■eOL- LAPSE', n. A falling together or closing; a 
sudden prostration of strength. 

CoL'LAR, n. Something worn round the neck ; the 
part of a garment at the neck ; a ring ; a band. 

CoL'LAR, v. t. To put on a collar; to seize by the 
collar^ 

COL-LaTE', v. t. To compare ; to examine ; to 
bestow ; to confer a benefice on a clergyman ; to 
gather and place in order, as the sheets of a book 
for binding. 

COL-LaT'ER-AL, a. Being by the side; side by 
side ; having indirect descent from the same stock, 
as distinguished from lineal ; concurrent. Col- 
lateral security is security for the performance of 
a covenant besides the principal security. 

COL-LaT'ER-AL, n. A collateral relation. 

COL-LAT'ER-AL-LY, ad. In a collateral manner ; 
side by side ; indirectly. 

COL-La'TION, n. The act of placing together 
and comparing ; a conferring or bestowing ; a re- 
past between meals. [bishop. 

COL-La'TiVE, a. That may be conferred by a 

COL-La'TOR, n. One who compai-es and exam- 
ines manuscripts or copies of books. 

CoL'LeAGUE (koTleeg), n. A partner in office. 

COL-LeAGUE', v. t or i. To unite with in the 
same office. 

COL-LeCT', v. t. To bring together ; to infer from 
observation or reasoning; to gather, as taxes or 
crops. — Syn. To assemble ; muster; infer; deduce. 

COL-LeCT', v. i. To run together ; to accumulate. 

CoL'LECT, n. A short comprehensive prayer. 

COL-LEC-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Collected. 

COL-LeCT'ED, a. Self-possessed; cool; com- 
posed ; calm. 

COL-Le€T'ED-LY, ad, In one view or body; to- 
gether ; in a cool, prepared state of mind. 

COL-LeCT'ED-NESS, n. Self-possession. 

COL-LeCT'I-BLE, a. That may be collected or 
recovered. 

€OL-Le€'TION (-Kk'shun), n. Act of collecting; 
that which is collected. — Syn. Assemblage; con- 
tribution ; gathering ; compilation ; deduction. 

COL-Le€T-iVE, a. Formed by gathering; infer- 
ring ; deducing consequences ; in grammar, ap- 
plied to a noun including a collection or number 
of individuals under a singular form, as an army. 

COL-LeCT'iVE-LY, ad. In a body ; together. 

COL-LeCT'OR, n. One that collects or compiles ; 
one who collects duties or taxes. 

COL-LeCT'OR-ATE, \ n. The office of collector 

COL-LeCT'OR-SHI1\| of customs or taxes ; the 
district belonging to a collector. 

CdL'LEoE, n. An assembly or society; institu- 
tion for instruction ; edifice for collegians. 

COL-Le'gI-AL, a. Pertaining to a college. 

COL-Le'gI-AN, n. A member of a college. 

COL-Le'gI-ATE, a. Belonging to a college; in- 
stituted like a college. 

COL-Le'gI-ATE, n. A member of a college. 

CoL'LET, n. Part of a ring in which the stone is 
set ; a band or collar ; the part of a plant between 
the stem and root ; the part of a bottle where the 
pipe is attached in blowing. 

CoLL'IER (kr.l'yer), n. A digger of coals ; a coal- 
ship ; a dealer in coal. [a-e dug. 

CoLL'IER- Y (kol-yer-y), n. A place where coals 



CoL'LI-GaTE, v. i: To bind together. 

COL-LI-Ga'TION, n. Act of binding together. 

COL-LI-Ma'TION, n. Act of aiming at a mark ; 
line of collimation, the line of sight or optical 
axis of a telescope or astronomical instrument. 

COL-LiN G 'GUAti (-ling'gwal), a. Having or per- 
taining to the same language. [to dissolve. 

CoL'LI-QUaTE, v. i. or t. To melt; to liquefy; 

COL-LI-QUa'TION,w. The act of melting ; a dis- 
solving or wasting. 

COL-LIQ'UA-TiVE (kol-Hk'wa-tiv), a. Tending 
to dissolve; dissolving; wasting or tending to 
waste. 

COL-LIQ-UE-FAO'TION (kol-lik-we-fak'shun), n. 
A dissolving or flowing ; a melting together. 

■GOL-LiS'ION (-lizh'un), n. A striking together; 
a clash ; opposition, as of interests. 

€5L'LO-€aTE, v. t. To place ; to set in order. 

€OL-LO-€a'TION, n. Placing together ; disposi- 
tion in place ; arrangement. [logue. 

€OL-LO-€u'TOR, n. One who speaks in a dia- 

COL-Lo'DI-ON, n. A solution of gun-cotton in 
ether; used in surgery and in making photo- 
Co L'LOP, n. A cut or slice; a fat lump, [graphs. 

COL-Lo'QUI-AL, a. Pertaining to conversation. 

COL-Lo'QUI-AL-ISM. n. A conversational or col- 
loquial form of expression. 

CoL'LO-QUIST, n. A speaker in a dialogue. 

CoL'LO-QUY, n. Mutual discourse of two or 
more. — Syn. Conference ; conversation ; dialogue. 

COL-LuDE', v. i. To conspire in a fraud ; to play 
into each other's hands. 

COL-Lu'SION (-lu'zhun), n. A secret agreement 
to defraud or deceive. — Syn. Connivance. — In con- 
nivance (lit., winking at) one overlooks, and thus 
sanctions what he was bound to prevent ; in col- 
lusion, he unites with others (playing into their 
hands) for fraudulent purposes. The connivance 
of public men at what is wrong is often the result 
of the basest collusion. 

COL-Lu'SiVE, a. Deceitful ; fraudulent. 

COL-Lu'SIVE-LY, ad. By collusion ; with secret 
fraud^ [ment. 

COL-Lu'JsO-RY, a. Carrying on fraud by agree- 

*GOL-Lu' VI-ES, n. [£.] Filth ; a sink ; a mixed 
mass of refuse matter. 

CO-LoGNE' WA-TER (ko-lone), n. A liquor 
composed of spirits of wine, oil of lavender, oil 
of rosemary, essence of lemon, and oil of cinna- 
mon, [largest of the intestines. 

Co'LON, n. The point (: ), denoting a pause ; the 

CO-LO-NEL (kur'nel), n. The commander of a 
regiment of troops. 

CO-LO-NEL-CY (kur'nel-sy), \ n. The office 

CO-LO-NEL-SHIP (kur'nel-ship), J or rank of a 
colonel. 

CO-Lo'NI-AL, a. Belonging to a colony. 

CoL'O-NIST, n. An inhabitant of a colony. 

COL-O-NI-Za'TION, n. The settling of a colony. 

COL-O-NI-Za'TION-IST, n. One friendly to col- 
onization, particularly to the colonization of free 
blacks on the coast of Africa. [U.S.] 

CoL'O-NlZE, v. t. To settle with inhabitants ; to 
plant a colony in ; v. i. to remove and settle in a 
distant country. 

COL-ON-Nai^E', n. A row or series of columns. 

CoL'O-NY, n. A company of persons who remove 
and settle in a distant country, continuing subject 
to the parent state ; the country colonized. 

C5L'0-PHO-NY, n. A dark-colored resin obtain- 
ed from the distillation of turpentine. 

CoL'OR (kul'ur), n. A property of light, giving 
to bodies different appearances to the eye ; the 
primary colors are red, orange, yellow, green, 
Mue, indigo, and violet; that which is used for 
coloring ; paint ; appearance to the eye ; appear- 
ance to the mind ; superficial cover ; palliation ; 
external appearance ; false show. Colors, with a 
plural termination, in the military art, a flag, en- 
sign, or standard ; a banner in an ai'my or fleet. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; theke, term; marine, bird; move, 



COL 



81 



COM 



CoL'OR (kuTur), v. t To dye; to stain; to dis- 
guise ; to exaggerate ; v. i~ to blush. 

€0L'OR-A-BLE, a. Designed to cover and de- 
ceive. — Bvw. Specious; plausible. 

CoL'OR-A-BLY, ad. In a specious manner. 

COL-OR-a'TIOX (kul-ur-u'shun), n. The art of 
coloring. 

€0L-OR-iF'IC, a. Able to produce color. 

£'GL'OR-IXG (kul'ur-ing), a. Dyeing; tinging; 
staining; n. act of dj-eing; specious appearance; 
the manner of applying colors. [coloring. 

CoL'OR-IST (kiil'ur-ist), n. One -who excels in 

CGL'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of color. 

CoL'ORS (kul'urz), n. pi. A banner ; flag ; ensign. 

CO-LoS'SAL, \ a. Like a colossus; huge; gi- 

COL-OS-Se'AX,/ gantic. 

CO-LoS'SUS, 71, A statue of gigantic size. 

€6L'PoRT-A6E, n. The system of distributing 
tracts and small books by colporteurs. 

CoL'PoRT-EUR,\ n. One who travels for dis- 

C'oL'PoRT-ER, j tributing or vending small 
books, religious tracts, &c. 

CoLT (10), n. The young of the horse kind. 

CoL'TER, n. The fore-iron of a plow to cut the 

CoLT'ISH, a. Like a colt; frisky. [sod. 

-t'f>L'OI-BA-RY, n. A pigeon-house. 

CoL'UM-BIXE, n. • A genus of plants. 

€6L'UMN (kol'nm), n. A long, round body, re- 
sembling the stem of a tree, used to support or 
adorn an edifice ; a body pressing perpendicularly 
on its base like a shaft or column ; a perpendicu- 
lar row of lines in a book; a body of troops in 
deep files with narrow front. 

CO-Lf'M'XAR, a. Having the form of a column. 

CO-LuRE', n. The colures in astronomy are two 
great circles passing through the solstitial and 
equinoctial points, and intersecting at the poles. 

-COM, as a prefix, denotes with, to, or against. 

Cu'MA, n. A preternatural propensity to sleep; 
_h airiness of a comet. 

Co'MaTE, a. Hairy; encompassed with a coma 
or brushy appearance. 

Co'MA-ToSE, \ a. Drowsy; dozing without nat- 

Co'MA-TOUS,/ ural sleep; lethargic. 

CoMB (kome), n. An instrument for separating 
and cleaning hair, wool, &c. ; a red fleshy tuft 
growing on a cock's head; a substance in which 
bees lodge honey. 

€oMB (kome), v. t. To dress; to separate and 
cleanse with a comb; v. i. to break in foam, as 
the top of a wave. 

CoM'BAT, n. A contest of opposing parties. — Syn. 
A battle ; fight; conflict ; engagement ; encounter. 

CoM'BAT, v. i. To fight; to contest; to oppose; 
followed by with before persons, and for before 
things. [force. 

CoM'BAT, v. t. To fight against; to oppose by 

COM'BAT-AXT, n. One who fights a champion ; 
a. disposed to quarrel or contend. 

CoM'BAT-IYE, a. Disposed to combat 

CoM'BAT-iYE-XESS, n. Disposition to fight. 

COM-BiX'A-BLE, a. That may be combined. 

€OM-BI-Xa'TIOX, n. Intimate union or associa- 
tion ; commixture ; assemblage. — Syn. A coali- 
tion ; conjunction; confederacy; league; cabal. 

COM-BIXE', v. t To unite intimately; to join; 
to agree; to cause to unite; v. i. to coalesce or 
unite intimately ; to agree ; to league or confed- 

COM-BIX'ER, n. He that combines. [erate. 

€OM-BUS-TI-BIL'I-TY, \ n. Capacity of burn- 

COM-BOS'TI-BLE-XESS, f ing or being burnt, 

COM-BCS'TI-BLE, a. That will take fire and 
bum. 

COM-BuS'TI-BLE, n. A substance that wiU take 
fire and burn ; a combustible material. 

COM-BCS'TIOX (-biist'yun), n. A burning; con- 
flagration; confusion; violent agitation with hur- 
ry and noise. 

C6ME (kum), v. i. [pret. Came; pp. Come.] To 
move toward ; to advance nearer; the opposite of 



go ; to arrive ; to happen ; to appear ; to become ; 
to sprout. 

CO-Me'DI-AN, n. An actor of comedies. 

CoM'E-DY, n. A humorous dramatic piece. 

€OME'LI-NESS (kum'le-ness), n. The quality of 
being comely or suitable; grace; beauty; de- 
cency. [Sra Handsome; graceful. 

COME'LY (kum'-), a. Becoming in appearance. — 

€6M'ER (kuni'er), n. One that draws near. 

COM'ET, n. A heavenly body, generally with a 
nebulous envelope or train of light, and moving 
round the sun in a very eccentric orbit ; a blaz- 
ing star; a game at cards. 

CoM'ET-A-RY, a. Relating to a comet. 

COM-ET-oG'RA-PHY, n. A description or treat- 
ise on comets. 

COM'FIT (kum'fit),) . , 

€GM'FIT-uRE f • "^ dr y sweetmeat. 

CoSl'FORT (kilm'furt), v. t. To relieve or cheer 
under affliction or depression. — Sy>". To console ; 
solace ; enliven ; refresh. 

CoM'FORT (kum'furt), n. Relief or cheering un- 
der affliction or depression; that which brings 
relief. — Syn. Consolation; solace. — Consolation 
is usually from without, and supposes some def- 
inite and pretty severe affliction, as a friend con- 
soles under bereavement ; comfort may come from 
within, and may refer to lighter evils or contin- 
uous trials, as the comfort of love, the comforts 
of old age. Solace is a thing which we make or 
find for ourselves, as the solace of books, socie- 
ty, &c. 

CoM'FORT- A-BLE, a. Giving or possessing com- 
fort ; enjoying ease ; giving strength ; n. a warm 
coverlet. 

GOM'FORT-A-BLY, ad. With comfort or ease. 

COM'FORT-ER (kum'furt-er), n. One who com- 
forts ; a title of the Holy Spirit ; a long knit wool- 
en tippet. 

COM'FORT-LESS, a. Having no comfort. 

C6MTC, a. Relating to comedy, as distinct from, 
tragedy ; raising mirth ; fitted" to excite mirth. 

CoMTC-AL, a. Diverting; droll; odd; comic. 

€6M'IC-AL-LY, ad. In a comical manner. 

CoM'IC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being com- 
ical; the power of giving mirth. 

COM'IXG (kiim'ing), a. Drawing near or arriv- 
ing ; future ; n. a drawing nearer ; an arrival. 

CO-MI"TIAL (-mlsh'al), a. Pertaining to Roman 
assemblies. 

C5M'I-TY, n. Courtesy of intercourse. — Syn. Ci- 
vility ; good breeding ; mildness ; friendliness. 

CoM'MA, n. The point (,) noting the shortest 
pause in reading. 

COM-MaND' (6), v. i. To have or exercise supreme 
authority ; v. t. to order ; to direct ; to govern ; 
to lead. 

COM-MaND', n. Supreme authority; power of 
compelling a body of troops. — Stn. Control; 
sway; power; authority; mandate; order. 

COM-MAX-DaNT', n. A commanding officer. 

COM-MAXD'A-TO-RY, a. Having the force of a 
command. 

COM-MAXD'ER, n. One who directs or governs ; 
in the navy, an officer between a lieutenant and. 
captain; a mallet. 

COM-MaXDTXG, a. Controlling by influence or 
authority; having an air of authority and digni- 
ty; governing; directing; powerful. 

COM-MAXD'MEXT, n. Command; order; law; 
precept ; aprecept of the decalogue or moral law. 

€OM-MA-TE'RI-AL, a. Consisting of the same 
matter with another thing. 

COM-M£AS'UR-A-BLE (-mSzh'ur-) a. Reducible 
to the same measure ; commensurable. [bered. 

COM-M£M'0-RA-BLE, a. Worthy to be remem- 

€OM-M£M'0-RaTE, v. t To celebrate with hon- 
or ; to call to remembrance by a solemn observ- 
ance. See Celebrate, 

COM-MEM-O-Ra'TIOX, tj, A public celebration ; 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; EDLE, BULL | 



vicious. — e as k ; 
F 



j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + JVb£ English. 



COM 



COM 



the act of honoring the memory of a person or 
event by some solemnity. 

GOM-MEM'O-RA-TiVE, \ a. Serving to com- 

GOM-MeM'O-RA-TO-RY, / memorate or to pre- 
serve the memory of. 

GOM-MeNCE', v. i. To begin; to take rise; v. t. 
to originate; to enter upon ; to begin. 

GOM-MeNCE'MENT, n. Beginning ; origin ; first 
existence ; day of taking degrees in a college. 

GOM-MeND', v. t. To speak in favor of; to com- 
mit. — Syn. To praise; recommend; applaud. 

GOM-MeND'A-BLE, a. Worthy of praise; laud- 
able. 

GOM-MeND'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being com- 
mendable, or worthy of praise or commendation. 

GOM-MeND'A-BLY, ad. So as to deserve praise. 

GOM-MEND-a'TION, n. The act of commend- 
ing; ground of esteem. — Syn. Praise; approba- 
tion ; applause. 

GOM-MeND'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to commend ; 
holding a benefice in commendam. 

GOM-MeND'ER, n. One who commends. 

GOM-MEN-SU-RA-BiL'I-TY, ) n. Capacity of 

GOM-MeN'SU-RA-BLE-NESSJ having a com- 
mon measure. [ing a common measure. 

COM-MfiN'SU-RA-BLE (-men'shu-ra-bl), a. Hav- 

GOM-MeN'SU-RATE (-mSn'shu-rate), a. Of equal 
measure ; having a common measure. 

GOM-MeN'SU-RaTE, v. t. To reduce to some com- 
mon measure. 

GOM-MeN'SU-RATE-LY, ad. With the capacity 
of being measured by some other thing; with 
equal measure. [mon measure ; proportion. 

GOM-MEN-SU-Ra'TION, n. Reduction to a com- 

GoM'MENT, v. i. To explain by words or notes ; 
to annotate ; to make remarks or criticisms. 

GoM'MENT, n. Note or notes designed to explain ; 
remarks by way of criticism. — Syn. Annotation ; 
observation ; stricture. 

GoM'MENT- A- RY, n. Comment; exposition; a 
book of comments or annotations. 

GoM'MENT-A-TOR, n. One who writes, com- 
ments, or explains ; an expositor ; an annotator. 

GOM-MeNT'ER, n. One who writes comments. 

GoM'MeRCE, n. Interchange of commodities; 
personal intercourse. — Syn. Trade; traffic; deal- 
ing; communication. 

GoM'MeRCE, v. i. To trade; to barter; to traf- 
fic ; to hold intercourse with. 

GOM-MeR'CIAL, a. Relating to or engaged in 
commerce or trade. 

GOM-MeR'CIAL-LY, ad. In a commercial view. 

GOM-MI-Na'TION, n. A threat of punishment; 
a denunciation. [threatening. 

GOM-MiN'A-TO-RY, a. Denouncing punishment ; 

GOM-MiN G 'GLE (-ming'gl), v. t. To mix togeth- 
er ; to blend ; v. i. to mix or unite together. 

GoM'MI-NuTE, v. t. To reduce to fine particles ; 
to pulverize. 

GOM-MI-Nu'TION, n. Act of reducing to fine par- 
ticles; pulverization; attenuation. 

COM-MiiS'ER-A-BLE, a. Deserving pity. 

GOM-MIS'ER-aTE, v. t. To pity ; to compassion- 
ate ; to feel sorrow or pain for. 

GOM-MIS-ER-a'TION, n. Concern for the suffer- 
ings of others. — Syn. Pity; sympathy; compas- 

GOM-Mi$'ER-A-TOR, n. One who pities. [sion. 

GOM-MIS-Sa'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a commis- 
sary. 

CoM'MIS-SA-RY, n. A deputy; a commissioner; 
one to whom is committed a particular charge, 
duty, or office. [missary. 

GoM'MIS-SA-RY-SHIP, n. The office of a com- 

GOM-MiS'SION (-mish'un), n. The act of commit- 
ting ; the thing committed ; a writing conferring 
official powers ; charge or compensation for trans- 
acting business ; order ; a number of persons 
joined in an office ; a trust. 

COM-MiS'SION, v. t. To give a commission to ; 
to empower ; to authorize ; to appoint. 



GOM-MiS'SION-ER (-mish'un-er), n. One em- 
powered to act ; one holding a commission to ex- 
ecute some business for another. 

GoM'MIS-SuRE (kom'mish-yur), n. A joint; a 
part uniting ; suture. 

GOM-MIT', v. t. To intrust; to send to prison; to 
deposit ; to pledge ; to perpetrate ; to effect. See 
Consign. 

GOM-MiT'MENT, n. The act of committing. 

GOM-MiT'TAL, n. A pledge actual or implied ; act 
of committing. [appointed to do any business. 

OOM-MiT'TEE, n. A select number of persons 

GOM-MiX', v. i. To mix ; to mingle. 

GOM-MiX', v. t. To mingle together ; to blend. 

GOM-MiX'TION (-mikst'yun), n. A blending of 
different things. 

GOM-MiXT'uRE (kom-mlkst'yur), n. Act of mix- 
ing ; mingled mass ; compound ; composition. 

GOM-MoDE', n. A woman's head-dress; literal- 
ly, a convenient article ; a small side-board. 

GOM-Mo'Dl-OUS, a. Affording ease and conven- 
ience. — Syn. Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; 
useful ; comfortable. 

GOM-Mo'DI-OUS-LY, ad. Conveniently; fitly. 

GOM-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Convenience; fit- 
ness ; suitableness for its purpose. 

GOM-M6D'I-TY, n. That which affords conven- 
ience ; an article of traffic ; goods. 

GoM'MO-DoRE, n. A commander of a squadron ; 
the leading ship of a fleet of merchantmen. 

GoM'MON, a. Belonging equally to more than 
one, or to many indefinitely; public; usual; be- 
longing to a number; ordinary; of no rank or 
distinction ; prostitute, [more ; an open ground. 

GoM'MON, n. A tract of land belonging to two or 

GoM'MON, v. i. To use together ; to diet together. 

GoM'MON-A-BLE, a. Held in common. 

GoM'MON-AoE, n. The right of pasturing on a 
common; the just right of using any thing in 
common with others. 

GoM'MON-AL-TY, n. The body of common citi- 
zens ; the bulk of mankind. 

CoM'MON-GOUN'CIL, n. A representative coun- 
cil for the government of a city. 

GoM'MON-ER, n. One not noble; a member of 
the British House of Commons ; a student of the 
second rank at Oxford. 

GoM'MON-LAW, n. In Great Britain and the 
United States, the unwritten law that receives its 
binding force from immemorial usage, in distinc- 
tion from written or statute law. 

GOM'MON-LY, ad. Usually; frequently; ordinar- 
ily ; for the most part. [of being common. 

GoM'MON-NESS, n. Frequency; usualness; state 

GoM'MON-PLaCE, n. A common topic ; memo- 
randum ; a note ; a. common ; trite ; hackneyed. 

GoM'MON-PLaCE, v. t. To enter in a common- 
place-book, or reduce to general heads. 

GoM'MON-PLaCE'-BOOK, n. A book in which 
things to be remembered are recorded. 

GoM'MON-PLeAS, n. The name of a court for 
trying chiefly civil actions. [pal Liturgy. 

GoM'MON-PRAY'ER, n. A name for the Episco- 

GoM'MONS, n. pi. Common people; house t* 
representatives^ lower house of Parliament; 
common land ; food at a common table. 

GOM-MON-WEAL', n. Public good or welfare. 

GoM'MON-WeALTH (-wclth), n. A state; the 
body politic in a free state ; the public. 

GOM-Mo'TION, n. A state of excited and tumult- 
uous action, physical or mental; tumult; dis- 
turbance. 

GOM-MuN'AL, a. Pertaining to a commune. 

GOM-MuNE', v. i. To converse together; to con- 
fer ; to have intercourse ; to partake of the sacra- 
ment^ 

GoM'MuNE, n. A territorial district in France. 

OOM-MU-NI-CA-BiL'I-TY, \ n. The quality of 

GOM-Mu'NI-GA-BLE-NESS,j being communi- 
cable. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; makine, bikd; move, 



COM 



83 



COM 



■GOM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. That may be communi- 
cated, [the Lord's Supper. 

COM-Mu'NI-CANT, n. One who communes at 

€OM-M0'NI-€aTE, v. t. To confer for joint pos- 
session. — Syn. To impart; reveal. — To commu- 
nicate is generic : it is allowing others to enjoy in 
common with us ; impart is more specific : it is 
giving to others a part of what we had held as our 
own, or making them our partners, as to impart 
our feelings, of our property, &c. Hence there is 
something more intimate in imparting intelli- 
gence than in communicating it. To reveal is to 
disclose something hidden or concealed, as a se- 
cret. 

€OM-Mu'NI-€aTE, v. i. To impart or share; to 
have intercourse ; to have the means of passing 
from one to another. 

COM-Mu-NI-€a'TION, n. Act of imparting; pas- 
sage or means of passing ; intercourse by message ; 
conference ; correspondence ; that which is com- 
municated, [ers; unreserved. 

€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TIVE, a. Free to impart to oth- 

€OM-Mu'NI-CA-TIVE-NESS, n. Readiness to 
impart ; freedom from reserve. 

€OM-MU'NI-€A-TO-RY, a. Imparting knowledge. 

COM-MuN'ION (-mun'yun), n. Mutual intercourse 
or interchange ; union in faith ; fellowship ; a tak- 
ing of the Lord's Supper; agreement; concord. 

CoM'MU-NISM, n. Community of property among 
all the citizens of a state or society. 

CoM'MU-NIST, n. One who holds the principles 
of communism. 

€OM-Mu'NI-TY, a. Common possession; a socie- 
ty of persons having common interests, &c. ; soci- 
etv or the people in general. [terchanged. 

eOM-MB-TA-Bil/I-TY, n. Capacity of being in- 

€OM-Mu'TA-BLE, a. That may be changed one 
for another. [er ; change ; alteration. 

COM-MU-Ta'TION, n. Exchange one for anoth- 

COM-Mu'TA-TIVE, a. Interchangeable; relative 
to exchange. 

COM-MuTE', v. t. To exchange one thing for an- 
other ; in law, to exchange a punishment for one 
less severe ; v. i. to fix at a lower rate. 

COM-MUT'u-AL (-mut'yu-al), a. Mutual; recip- 
rocal. 

COM-PACT', a. Closely united ; firm ; dense. 

CSM'PACT, n. An agreement ; a contract between 
parties by which they are bound firmly together. 

COM-PaCT', v. t. To thrust, drive, or press close- 
ly together ; to make dense ; to league with. 

COM-PA€T'ED-LY, ad. In a compact manner. 

COM-PACT'LY, ad. In a close or dense manner ; 
firmly. [ty; firmness. 

€OM-Pa€T'NI""S, n. Closeness of parts; densi- 

€OM-PAg-IN-a'TION, n. Union of parts ; struc- 
ture. 

COM-PaN'ION, n. One who keeps company with 
or who accompanies another ; an associate ; fel- 
low; partner. 

€OM-PAN'ION, > n. The stairway into a 

COM-PaN'ION-WaY, f ship' s cabin. 

COM-PAN'ION-A-BLE, a. Fit for good fellow- 
ship ; agreeable as a companion. 

€OM-PAN'ION-SHIP,n. Fellowship; association. 

CoM'PA-NY (kum'pa-nv), n. Assembly of per- 
sons ; a subdivision of a regiment ; a corporate 
body; a firm; a partnership; a band; a crew; 
companionship. 

€OM'PA-NY, v. i. To associate with ; to go with ; 
v. t. to accompany ; to attend ; to be companion 
to. [estimated as equal. 

CoM'PA-RA-BLE, a. That may be compared, or 

€6M'PA-RA-BLY, ad. In a manner worthy of 
comparison or of equal regard. 

COM-PAR'A-TfVE, a. Estimated by or implying 
comparison ; not positive or absolute. In gram- 
mar, expressing more or less. 

€OM-PAR'A-TiVE-LY, ad. By way of compari- 
son ; not positively, absolutely, or by itself. 



COM-PARE' (4), v. i. To be like or equal ; to hold 
comparison ; v. t. to estimate the qualities of one 
thing relatively to something else ; to liken or 
show similarity for illustration; to form an ad- 
jective in the degrees of comparison. — Syn. Com- 
pare to ; compare with. — A thing is compared 
with another to learn their relative value or ex- 
cellence; to another, with a view to show their 
similarity. We compare two orators with each 
other, and the eloquence of one to a thunderbolt, 
and of the other to a conflagration. 

COM-PAR'1-SON, n. Act of comparing; state of 
being compared; relative estimate; a simile or 
similitude. 

COM-PaRT', v. t. To divide ; to arrange in parts. 

€OM-PXR-TI"TION (-tish'un), n. Act of dividing 
into parts ; a separate part ; division. 

COM-PaRT'MENT, n. A separate part or divi- 
sion of any design or inclosed space. 

CoM'PASS (kiim'pass), v. t. To come round in the 
way of encircling ; to come round in the way of 
seeking or attaining, as to compass the king's 
death; to compass one's designs. — Syn. To sur- 
round ; environ ; inclose ; plot ; contrive ; gain ; 
secure; obtain; consummate. 

CoM'PASS (kiim'pass), n. A circle ; space ; ex- 
tent; reach; limit; an instrument for taking 
courses by a magnetic needle. 

CoM'PASS-E$ (kum'pass-ez), n. pi. An instru- 
ment for describing circles, dividing, &c. 

COM-PAS'SION (-pash'un), n. Sympathizing de- 
sire to relieve those who suffer. — Syn. Commis- 
eration; pity; mercy. 

COM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Inclined to pity or to 
show mercy. — Syn. Indulgent; tender; merciful. 

COM-PAS'SION- ATE, v. t. To pity ; to feel for ; 
to commiserate. 

COM-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, ad. With compassion. 

COM-PAT-I-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality or power 
of co-existing with something else ; agreement ; 
suitableness ; consistency. 

COM-PAT'I-BLE, a. Consistent; agreeable; fit. 

COM-PaT'I-BLE-NESS, n. Consistency; agree- 
ment; fitness; compatibility. 

COM-PAT'1-BLY, ad. Consistently; agreeably. 

COM-PA'TRI-OT, n. A fellow-patriot of the same 
country. 

COM-PEER', n. An equal; a peer; a colleague; a 
companion. 

COM-PeL', v. t. To drive by force.— Syn. To ne- 
cessitate; constrain; oblige. See Coerce. 

COM-PeL'LA-BLE, a. That may be compelled. 

COM-PEL-La'TION, n. Style of address. 

COM-PeL'LA-TO-RY, a. Compulsive. 

COM-PeL'LER, n. He that constrains. 

CoM'PEXD, \ n. An abridgment; a sum- 

€OM-PeND'I-TJM,j mary; an epitome; a brief 
compilation or composition. See Abridgment. 

COM-PeND'I-OUS, a. Summed up within narrow 
limits. — Syn. Short; concise; brief; summary. 

COM-PeND'I-OUS-LY, ad. Briefly ; concisely. 

COM-PeND'I-OUS-NESS, n. Brevity; concise- 
ness; comprehension in a narrow compass. 

COM-PeNS'A-BLE, a. That may be compensated. 

COM-PeN'SaTE or CoM'PEN-SaTE, v. i. To 
make amends; v. t. to give an equivalent; to 
recompense. 

COM-PEN-SA'TION, n. A recompense ; that 
which supplies the place of something else ; a set 
off; an equivalent. — Syn. Amends; satisfaction; 
remuneration; requital; reward. 

COM-PeN'SA-TiVE, a. Making recompense. 

COM-PeN'SA-TO-RY, a. Making or offering 
amends. 

COM-PeTE', v. i. To claim to be equal; to carry 
on competition. — Syn. To strive ; rival ; contend. 

CoM'PE-TENCE, \ n. Sufficiency to some end 

CoM'PE-TEN-CYJ or duty; legal capacity or 
right. — Syn. Fitness; adequacy; capability. 

CoM'PE-TENT, a. Adequate to some end or du- 



dove, -wolf, book ; kule, bubl ; vi"ciotJ8. — o as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as 6H ; this. * Xot English. 



COM 84 



COM 



ty; having legal capacity or right. — Syn. Suffi- 
cient; fitted; suitable; qualified. 
! CoM'PE-TENT-LY, ad. Adequately; sufficiently. 

COM-PE-Ti"TION (-tish'un), n. Strife of two or 
more for the same object, or for superiority. — 
Syn. Rivalry; contest; opposition; struggle. 

COM-PeT'I-TiVE, a. Pertaining to competition. 

COM-PeT'1-TOR, n. One whose aims and efforts 
come into competition with another's. — Syn. Ri- 
val ; opponent. 

COM-PI-La'TION, n. The act of collecting into 
an aggregate ; a collection of certain parts of a 
book or books into a separate book. 

COM-PILE', v. t. To select from authors so as to 
form a new volume or system ; to collect and ar- 
range. 

■eOM-PIL'ER, n. One who selects from authors. 

COM-PLa'CENCE, \ «. Satisfaction of mind.— 

COM-PLa'CEN-CYJ Syn. Approbation; pleas- 
ure ; gratification ; cheerfulness. 

COM-PLa'CENT, a. Showing pleasure or satis- 
faction. — Syn. Pleased ; cheerful ; happy. 

COM-PLa'CENT-LY, ad. With satisfaction. 

COM-PLaIN', v. i. To find fault ; to express grief. 
— Syn. To murmur; accuse; lament; regret; re- 
pine, [ecutor ; a plaintiff. 

-eOM-PLAlN'ANT,n. One who complains; apros- 

COM-PLaIN'ING, a. Expressing dissatisfaction, 
sorrow, or censure. 

COM-PLaIN'ING, n. The expression of grief or 
censure. — Syn. Sorrow; regret. 

"COM-PLaINT', n. An expression of grief or cen- 
sure; the thing complained of; a disease. — Syn. 
Murmuring; lamentation; accusation. 

CoM'PLAI-SANCE, n. Kind and obliging treat- 
ment. — Syn. Civility; courtesy; urbanity; good- 
breeding; suavity; affability. 

C6M'PLAI-$ANT, a. Kindly attentive; desirous 
to please. — Syn. Courteous ; polite ; urbane ; 
obliging; civil. 

CoM'PLAI-SANT-LY, ad. Civilly; courteously. 

COM-PLa'NaTE, a. Flat ; having thin plates. 

CoM'PLE-MENT, n. That which fills out ; the 
full number. 

COM-PLE-MeNT'AL, a. Filling up the number. 

COM-PLeTE', a. Having no deficiency; brought 
to an end or conclusion. — Syn. Whole ; entire ; 
total. — Whole has reference to parts, as a ivhole 
week ; totil to parts taken collectively, as the to- 
tal amount; entire sets aside parts, and regards 
a thing as an integer, i. e. , continuous or unbroken, 
as an entire year; complete supposes progress, 
i. e., & filling out to some end or object, as a com- 
plete victory. 

COM-PLeTE', v. t. To fill out or accomplish.— 
Syn. To finish; perform; execute; achieve; term- 
inate; conclude; realize; effect. 

COM-PLETE'LY, ad. Perfectly; wholly; fully. 

COM-PLeTE'MENT, n. The act of completing. 

COM-PLeTE'NESS, n. Entireness; perfect state. 

COM-PLe'TION, n. Act of finishing; perfect 
state ; utmost extent ; accomplishment. 

COM-PLe'TiVE, a. Making complete. 

CoM'PLEX, a. Composed of many parts; in- 
tricate. — Syn. Composite ; compounded ; compli- 
cated, [cy ; compound state. 

COM-PLfiX'ED-NESS, a. Complication; intrica- 

COM-PLeX'ION (-plik'shun), n. The color of the 
skin or face ; temperament or habitude. 

COM-PLeX'ION-AL, a. Belonging to the habit. 

COM-PLeX'I-TY, \n. A complex or intricate 

C6M'PLEX-NESS,j state. 

CoM'PLEX- LY, ad. Intricately ; obscurely ; in a 
complex manner. 

COM-PLeX'uRE (-pluks'yur), n. Complication of 
one thing with others. 

COM-PU'A-BLE, a. That can comply or yield. 

COM-PLl'ANCE, n. A yielding, as to a request, 
proposal, &c. [ing; submission. 

COM-PLI'ANT, a. Disposed to yield.— Syn. Yield- 



COM-PLi'ANT-LY, ad. In a yielding manner. 

CoM'PLI-€aTE, v. t. Literally, to twist togeth- 
er; hence, to make intricate, followed by with. — 
Syn. To entangle; involve; perplex; infold. 

CoM'PLI-CATE, a. Infolded; intricate; difficult. 

CoM'PLI-Ca-TED, a. Intricate; entangled; per- 
plexed, [ness. 

CoM'PLI-CATE-NESS, n. Intricacy; complex- 

COM-PLI-Ca'TION, n. An interweaving or in- 
volving of different things; entanglement. 

CoM'PLI-CA-TiVE, a. Tending to involve. 

COM-PLiC'I-TY (-plis'e-ty), n. The state or con- 
dition of being an accomplice. 

COM-PLi'ER, n. One who complies or obeys ; a 
person of yielding temper. 

CoM'PLI-MENT, n. An act or expression of civil- 
ity ; a favor bestowed ; praise. See Adulation. 

€5M'PLI-MENT, v. t. To flatter with praises ; to 
congratulate; to show kindness by some present 
or favor ; v. i. to pass compliments. 

COM-PLI-MeNT'AL, a. Expressive of praise or 
civility; implying compliments. 

COM-PLI-MeNT'A-RY, a. Civil; obliging; ex- 
pressing regard. 

OoM'PLiNE, n. The closing prayer of the day in 
the Romish breviary. [tion ; conspiracy. 

CoM'PLOT, n. A joint plot. — Syn. Combina- 

COM-PLoT', v. i. To plot together ; to conspire. 

COM-PLU-TeN'SIAN (-tSn'shan), n. The Com- 
plutensian copy of the Bible is that of Complu- 
tum, first published in 1575 in Spain. 

COM-PLY', v. i. To yield to ; to submit to ; fol- 
lowed by ivith. — Syn. Accede ; assent. 

COM-Po'NENT, a. Constituent; composing. 

COM-Po'NENT, n. A constituent part. 

COM-PoRT', v. i. To agree ; to suit ; to accord ; 
v. t. to behave ; to conduct ; with the reciprocal 
pronoun. 

COM-PoRT'A-BLE, a. Consistent; suitable. 

COM-PoSE', v. t. Literally, to bring or put togeth- 
er; hence, to form into a mass or body; to form 
into language or expression ; to bring into a state 
of peace ; to set up in type. — Syn. To constitute ; 
makeup; calm; quiet; appease; settle; allay. 

COM-Po$j&D' (-pozd'), a. Calm ; sedate ; quiet ; 
tranquil. 

COM-PoS'ED-LY. ad. Calmly; sedately. 

COM-PoS'ED-NESS, n. Calmness; sedateness. 

COM-Po$'ER, n. One who composes; one who 
originates a literary production or piece of mu- 
sic ; an author. 

COM-PoS'ING-STiCK, n. In printing, an instru- 
ment in which types are set from the case, ad- 
justed to the length of the lines. 

COM-P6$'iTE, a. Made up of parts; in architec- 
ture, the last of the five orders of columns, com- 
posed of the Ionic and Corinthian ; composite 
numbers are such as can be measured by a num- 
ber exceeding unity. 

COM-PO-Si"TION (-zish'un), n. The act of com- 
posing, or the result produced. — Syn. Work ; 
production; mixture; agreement; adjustment. 

COM-P6$'I-TiVE, a. Compounded, or having the 
power of compounding or composing. 

COM-PoS'I-TOR, n. One who sets types. 

CoM'PoST, n. A mixture for manure ; v. t. to lay 
on compost for manure. 

COM-PoS'URE (-po'zhur), n. A composed state of 
mind. — Syn. Tranquillity; sedateness; calmness; 
order; form. 

CoM'POUND, a. Composed of two or more in- 
gredients; n. a mixture of ingredients. 

COM-POUND', v. t. To mix in one mass ; to unite 
or combine; to settle or adjust by agreement; 
v. i. to agree, or come to terms of agreement ; to 
settle, as debts, on terms different from those 
originally agreed upon. 

COM-POUND'ER, n. One who compounds. 

COM-PRE-HeND', v. t. To embrace within lim- 
its or by implication ; to comprise ; to embrace in 



2, e, &c, long.—l, S, &c, short. — cake, fas, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maeine, bied; move, 



COM 



85 



CON 



the mind; to understand.— Syn. To contain; in- 
clude; imply; apprehend; conceive. 

COM-PRE-HeN'SI-BLE, a. That can be under- 
stood or comprehended. 

COM-PRE-HEN'SION, ft. Act or quality of com- 
prehending or containing; understanding; capac- 
ity ; sum or compendium. 

COM-PRE-HeN'SiVE, a. That comprehends 
mU ch. — Syn. Large ; wide ; full ; capacious. 

COM-PRE-HeN'SIVE-LY, ad. In a comprehen- 
sive manner. [prehending much. 

COM-PRE-HeN'SiVE-NESS, ft. Quality of com- 

COM-PReSS', v. t. To press together; to bring 
into a narrower compass. — Syn. To squeeze; con- 
dense; crowd; embrace. 

CoM'PRESS, ft. A bolster or bandage of soft linen 
cloth with several folds, used in surgery. 

COM-PRESS-I-BiL'I-TY, \ ft. Quality of being 

COM-PReSS'I-BLE-NESS,J compressible. 

COM-PReSS'1-BLE, a. Capable of being com- 
pressed into a narrower compass. 

COM-PReS'SION (-pr3sh'un), ft. Act of pressing 
together; state of being compressed. 

COM-PReSS'iVE, a. Having power to compress. 

COM-PReSS'URE (kom-presh'ur), ft. Pressure ; a 
forcing together. 

COM-PRi'SAL, ft. The act of comprising. 

COM-PRISE', v. t. To contain ; to include within 
itself; to involve; to imply. 

CoM'PRO-Ml$E, ft. An amicable agreement; ad- 
justment by mutual concessions. 

€6M'PRO-Mi$E, v. t. To adjust and settle by mu- 
tual agreement and concession ; v. i. to agree ; to 
accord. 

€6M'PRO-Mi$-ER, ft. One who compromises. 

CoM'PRO-MIT, v. t. To commit; to pledge or en- 
gage ; to put to hazard. 

IoS^IaItoTry } * Compelling; obliging. 

€OM-PuL'SION(-puTshun),ft. Force applied ; act 
of compelling ; state of being compelled. — Syn. 
Constraint ; restraint. — Restraint is a holding 
back from some act ; constraint is a driving one 
into it by an urgency which overrules the will ; 
compulsion is the use of overpowering force. 

COM-PuL'SiVE, a. Forcing ; constraining. 

COM-PuL'SiVE-LY, ad. By force. 

COM-PuL'SIVE-NESS, ft. Force ; compulsion. 

COM-PuL'SO-RI-LY, ad. By compulsion. 

COM-PuL'SO-RY, a. Forcing; compelling. 

COM-PuNC'TION, ft. Poignant grief from a con- 
sciousness of sin. — Syn. Remorse. — Remorse (lit. 
gnawing) is anguish of soul under a sense of 
guilt; compunction (lit. pricking) is pain from a 
wounded and awakened conscience. Neither of 
them imply true repentance. 

COM-PuNC'TIOUS (-punk'shus), a. Giving pain 
for offenses ; exciting remorse of conscience ; re- 
pentant. 

COM-PUR-Ga'TION, ft. In law, the act of justi- 
fying a man upon the oaths of others. 

COM-PUR-Ga'TOR, ft. One who bears testimony 
to the veracity or innocence of another. 

COM-POT'A-BLE, a. That may be computed. 

€OM-PU-Ta'TION, ft. Act of reckoning; esti- 
mate ; the sum or quantity ascertained by com- 
puting; calculation. 

COM-POTE', v. t. Literally, to cast together. — 
Syn. To calculate ; number ; estimate ; count. 

COM-PuT'ER, n. One who computes; a calcu- 
lator ; a reckoner. 

CoM'RADE, ft. A companion ; a partner in occu- 
pation or danger; an associate. 

CoN, a prefix denoting with or against. Pro and 
con, for and against. 

CoN, v. t. To know ; to fix in the mind ; to study. 

CON-CaM'ER-aTE, v. t. To arch or vault. 

CON-CaT'E-N aTE, v. t. To link together ; to con- 
nect by links ; to connect in a series, as of things 
depending on each other. 



CON-CAT-E-Na'TION, ft. Connection by links ; 
a series of links united, or of things depending 
on each other. 

CoN'CaVE, a. Hollow in the inside ; arched ; 
having a form of surface like the inside of a hol- 
low sphere or of any roundish body ; opposed to 
convex. 

CoN'CaVE, n. A hollow ; an arch or vault. 

CON-CAV'I-TY, ft. Hollowness of a body ; cavi- 
ty ; interior ; vaulted form or space. [faces. 

CON-Ca'VO-CoN'CaVE. Concave on both the 

CON-Ca'VO-€6N'VEX. Concave on one side and 
convex on the other. 

CON-CEAL' (-seel'), v. t. Not to utter or divulge ; 
to keep in secret.— Syn. To hide; disguise; dis- 
semble; secrete. — To hide is generic; to conceal 
is simply not to make known what we wish to 
keep secret ; disguise or dissemble is to conceal by 
assuming some false appearance; to secrete is to 
hide in some place of secrecy. A man may con- 
ceal facts, disguise his sentiments, dissemble his 
feelings, or secrete stolen goods. [kept secret. 

CON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. That maybe concealed or 

CON-CeAL'ER, ft. One who conceals. 

CON-CeAL'MENT, ft. Act of hiding; secrecy; 
privacy ; secret place ; disguise. 

CON-CEDE', v. t. To give up ; to admit as true, 
just, or proper. — Syn. To yield; grant; allow. 
See Acknowledge. 

CON-CeD'ED, a. Yielded ; granted. 

CON-CeIT' (kon-seef), ft. A conception; a pleas- 
ant fancy ; notion ; understanding ; affected or 
unnatural conception; power or faculty of con- 
ceiving; self-flatteriflg opinion ; vanity. 

CON-CeIT' (kon-seef), v. t. To imagine ; to fancy. 

CON-CEIT'ED, a. Full of self-conceit ; vain. 

CON-CElT'ED-LY, ad. With vain opinion ; in a 
conceited manner. [conceived. 

CON-CeIV'A-BLE (-seev'a-bl), a. That may be 

CON-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, ft. Quality of being 
conceivable. 

CON-CeIV'A-BLY, ad. In an intelligible manner. 

CON-CeIVE', v. t. To become pregnant with ; to 
form in the mind; to have an opinion or belief; 
to imagine. — Syn. To apprehend ; suppose ; think ; 
believe ; v. i. to become pregnant; to have a con- 
ception ; to think. 

CON-CeNT', ft. Concert of voices; concord of 
sounds; harmony; consistency. 

CON-CeN'TER,\ v. i. To come to one point; to 

CON-CeN'TRE, j meet in a common center ; v. t. 
to bring or direct to one point or to a common 
center. 

CON-CeN'TRaTE, v. t. To bring to a common 
center or point; to bring to a closer union; to 
condense with a view to make stronger, as to con- 
centrate an acid. [made more dense or closer. 

CON-CeN'TRa-TED, a. Brought to a point; 

CON-CeN-TRa'TION, ft. Act of drawing, or state 
of being brought to a center or common point ; 
the making of any substance more free from for- 
eign matters ; an increasing of the strength of a 
solution or fluid by evaporation. 

CON-CeN'TRA-TiVE-NESS, ft. The faculty of 
concentrating the intellectual force. 

CON-CeN'TRIC, a. Having a common center. 

CON-CeP'TI-BLE, a. That may be conceived. 

CON-CeP'TION, ft. The act of conceiving ; thing 
conceived. — Syn. Idea; notion; apprehension. 

CON-CeP'TiVE, a. Capable of conceiving. 

CON-CeRN' (13), v. t. To affect; to move; to in- 
terest ; to belong to ; to intermeddle with others' 
business. 

CON-CeRN', w. That which belongs to any one.— 
Syn. Affair ; solicitude ; business ; interest ; re- 
gard; anxiety. 

CON-CeRN'ED-LY, ad. With affection or interest. 

CON-CeRN'ING, ppr. [not properly a prep.] Per- 
taining to ; regarding. 

CON-CERN'MENT, ft. A concern ; business. 



dove, wolf, book ; EULE, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. * Xot English. 



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86 



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€ON-CeRT', v. t. To contrive together ; to plan. 

CoN'CERT, n. Agreement; accordance in any 
plan or undertaking ; harmony ; music in parts or 
by a company ; a musical entertainment. 

CSN'CERT-PiTCH, n. The degree of elevation 
principally adopted for a given note, and by which 
the other notes are governed. 

CON-CeS'SION (-sesh'un), n. Act of yielding ; 
thing yielded ; grant. 

CON-CeS'SiVE, a. Implying concession. 

C6NCH (konk), n. A marine shell. 

CONCH-OID'AL (konk-oid'al), a. Resembling a 
marine shell ; having shell-shaped elevations and 
depressions, as a conehoidal fracture. 

€0N€H-6L'0-GIST, n. One versed in the natu- 
ral history of shells. [shells. 

CONCH-oL'O-GY, n. The doctrine or science of 

€ON-CIL'I-aTE, v. t. To gain by kindness ; to 
reconcile.— Syn. To win; propitiate; engage. 

€ON-CiL'I-A-TING,#pr. or a. Winning; engag- 
ing; reconciling; having the quality of gaining 
favor. [winning; reconciliation. 

•eON-CIL-I-A'TION, n. Act of conciliating or 

CON-ClL'I-A-TOR, n. One who conciliates. 

CON-CiL'I-A-TO-RY, a. Tending to conciliate or 
reconcile. — Syn. Pacific; winning; persuasive. 

€ON-(JiN'NI-TY, n. Fitness ; suitableness ; a jin- 
gling of words. [Rare.~\ 

CON-CiN'NOUS, a. Neat; fit; becoming. 

CoN'CIO (kon'sheo), n. An abbreviation for con- 
do ad elentm, a sermon to the clergy. 

CON-CISE', a. Brief; short; summary, as lan- 
guage ; expressing much in few words. 

CON-CTSE'LY, ad. Briefly; in few words. 

€ON-CiSE'NESS, n. Brevity; the quality of ex- 
pressing thoughts in few words. 

€ON-Cx*'ION (-sizh'un), n. A cutting off; excis- 
ion ; hence, in Scripture, the Jews, or those who 
adhered to circumcision. [assembly. 

CoN'CLaVE, n. An assembly of cardinals ; a close 

€ON-CLuDE', v. t. Literally, to shut up; hence, 
to bring to an end ; to collect by reasoning ; to in- 
fer ; to determine. — Syn. To close ; finish ; term- 
inate ; decide ; v. i. to form a judgment ; to end. 

CON-CLUD'ING, a. Final; ending; closing. 

OON-OLu'SION (-klii'zhun), n. End; close; con- 
sequence; inference; decision. [sequential. 

CON-CLu'SiVE, a. Closing debate ; decisive ; con- 

€ON-€Lu'SiVE-LY, ad. Decisively, so as to de- 
termine ; with final determination. 

€ON-€Lu'SiVE-NESS, n. Decisiveness ; the qual- 
ity of being conclusive. 

CON-C5CT', v. t. To digest in the stomach ; to 
seethe or cook ; to prepare or mature. 

€ON-€6€'TION, n. Digestion in the stomach ; 
maturation; ripening; preparation. 

CON-C6CTTVE, a. Tending to digest ; digesting. 

•CON-CSM'I-TANCE, \n. A being in connection 

CON-eoM'I-TAN-CYj" with another thing. 

€ON-€5M'I-TANT, a. Accompanying; attending; 
n. an attendant ; that which accompanies. 

CoN'CORD, n. Agreement ; union ; harmony ; a 
compact ; agreement of words in construction. 

CON-€oRD'ANCE, n. A dictionary or index to 
the Scriptures; agreement. 

€ON-€6RD'ANT, a. Agreeing; suitable; corre- 
spondent; harmonious. 

€ON-€oRD'ANT-LY, ad. In conjunction. 

CON-CoRD'AT, n. A compact ; a covenant. 

CON-€SR'PO-RaTE, v. t. or i. To unite in one 
mass. 

CoN'CoURSE, n. An assembly or assemblage ; 
a meeting ; a crowd; a place of meeting. 

€6N'€RE-aTE', v. t. To create together, [tion. 

CoN'CRE-MENT, n. A mass formed by concre- 

CON-CRSS'CENCE, n. A growing together ; in- 
crease by union of particles. 

CON-CReTE', v. i. or t. To unite into a mass. 

€6N'€RETE, a. Literally, united in growth; 
hence, formed by a coalition of parts ; consistent 



in a mass ; in logic, existing in a subject ; not ab- 
stract. 

OoN'CReTE, n. A compound ; a mass formed by 
concretion. In architecture, a cemented mass of 
pebbles, stone-chippings, &c. 

CON-€ReTE'LY, ad. In a concrete manner. 

€ON-€ReTE'NESS, n. State of being concrete. 

€ON-€Re'TION (-kre'shun), n. Act of concreting ; 
a mass formed by growing together or other natu- 
ral process ; a solid substance formed in the cavi- 
ties of animals. 

€ON-€Re'TiVE, a. Causing concretion. 

CON-Cu'BIN-AGE, n. The keeping of a mistress ; 
the practice of living as man and wife without 
marriage. 

CON-€u'BIN-AL, \ a. Relating to concubin- 

€ON-€u'BIN-A-RY,/ age. 

€6N'CU-BiNE (konk'yu-blne), n. A woman who 
lives with a man as his Wife without being mar- 
ried ; a kept mistress. 

€ON-€u'PIS-CENCE, n. Irregular desire; lust. 

CON-Cu'PIS-CENT, a. Lustful ; lewd ; sensual. 

€ON-€uR', v. t. To meet in union ; to act togeth- 
er ; to be conjoined. — Syn. To agree ; coincide ; 
combine; unite. [ment; assent. 

CON-CuR'RENCE, n. Union of minds; agree- 

€ON-€uR'RENT, a. Coming together ; acting to- 
gether ; contributing to the same end ; concomi- 
tant ; being united ; n. a contributory cause. 

OON-CuR'RENT-LY, ad. Unitedly; in concert. 

CON-CuS'SION (kon-kush'uu), n. A shaking ; a 
shock; a striking together; a sudden jar or agi- 
tation, as from a blow. 

€ON-€uS'SiVE, a. Able or tending to shake. 

CON-DeMN' (kon-dCm'), v. t. To pronounce to be 
wrong ; to witness against ; to pronounce unfit for 
service. — Syn. To sentence ; censure ; blame ; 
reprobate; reprove; doom. 

CON-DeM'NA-BLE, a. That may be condemned. 

€ON-DEM-Na'TION,w. Act of condemning; state 
of being condemned. — Syn. Sentence; judgment; 
reprobation; blame. 

CON-DeM'NA-TO-RY, a. Passing condemnation. 

€ON-DeM'NER, n. One that condemns. 

CON-DeNS'A-BLE, a. That may be condensed. 

€ON-DeNS'aTE, v. t. To make dense; to make 
more compact; v. i. to become more dense; to 
thicken. 

CON-DeNS'ATE, a. Made dense or thick. 

CON-DEN-Sa'TION, n. The act of condensing; 
the state of being condensed. 

CON-DeNSE', v. t. To compress into a smaller 
compass ; to make dense or thick. — Syn. To com- 
press; inspissate; thicken; contract. 

CON-DeNSE', v. i. To become more dense or com- 
pact ; to grow thick. 

CON-DeNS'ER, n. A vessel for condensing air or 
steam ; that which condenses. 

€ON-DE-SCeND', v. i. To descend from the priv- 
ileges of superior rank; to do a favor; to stoop. 

€ON-DE-SCeND'ING, a. Yielding to inferiors; 
obliging. 

CON-DE-SCeN'SION (-sen'shun), n. Act of con- 
descending ; courtesy ; relinquishment of strict 
right ; kindness to inferiors. 

CON-DiGN' (kon-dlne'), a. Deserved ; suitable. 

€ON-DIGN'LY (-dine'ly), ad. Fitly; suitably; 
deservedly. [justness. 

CON-DiGN'NESS (-dme'ness), n. Suitableness; 

CoN'DI-MENT, n. A seasoning ; sauce ; pickle. 

€ON-Di"TION (-dish'un), n. A state ; a particular 
mode of being; quality; property; rank; terms 
of a contract ; provision ; arrangement. 

€ON-Di"TION (-dish'un), v. i. To make terms ; 
to stipulate ; v. t. to stipulate ; to impose condi- 
tions on. 

€ON-DI"TION-AL, a. Implying or containing 
terms or conditions ; not absolute ; n. a limitation. 

CON-DI-TION-AL'I-TY, ii. The quality of being 
conditional. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, £, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; teeke, teeji; marine, bikd; move, 



CON 



87 



CON 



CON-Di"TION-AL-LY, a. With limitation; on 
conditions. 

€ON-Di"TIONJ?D (kon-dish'und), pp. or a. Stip- 
ulated ; containing conditions ; having certain 
qualities, good or bad. 

CON-DoLE', v. i. To grieve on account of the 
misfortunes of another ; to sympathize. 

€ON-DoLE'MENT, n. Grief; mutual distress; 
lamentation with others. 

CON-Do'LENC E, n. Grief, or expressions of grief 
and sympathy for another's loss or sorrow. 

CON'DOR, n. A large bird ; a species of vulture. 

€ON-DuCE', v. i. To lead or tend to; to contrib- 
ute to^ 

CON-Du'CI-BLE, a. Tending to some end ; hav- 
ing power to promote. 

CON-Du'CiVE, a. Promoting; contributing. 

CdN'DUCT, 11. Behavior; deportment; guidance; 
management. See Behaviok. 

CON-DuCT', v. t. To lead; to guide; to escort; 
to manage ; in an intransitive sense, to behave. 

CON-DoCTION, n. Transmission by a conductor, 
as heat ; the act of conducting. 

CON-DuCT'iVE, a. Directing; leading. 

CON-DuCT'OR, n. A leader; director; one who 
superintends and takes the fees in a rail-road train, 
&c. ; that which has the property of transmitting 
electricity, heat, &c. [duct. 

CoN'DUIT (kon'dit), n. A water-pipe or canal; a 

CON-DO'PLI-CATE, a. Doubled together. 

CoNE, n. A solid figure tapering regularly to a 
point from a circular base ; the conical fruit of the 
pine, fir, &c. 

€ON-FAB-u-La'TION, n. Familiar talk ; uncere- 
monious conversation; discourse. 

CoN'FECT, \ n. Any thing prepared with 

€ON-FeC'TION,J sugar; a sweatmeat. 

CON-FeC'TION-ER, n. A maker or seller of 
sweetmeats. 

CON-FeC'TION-ER-Y, n. A place for the sale of 
sweetmeats ; sweetmeats in general. 

CON-FeD'ER-A-CY, n. A league or mutual 
agreement; persons or states thus united. — Syn. 
Alliance ; coalition ; combination ; union. 

CON-FeD'ER-ATE, a. United in a league ; allied. 

CON-FeD'ER-ATE, n. One who is united with 
others in a league ; an allv ; an accomplice. 

CON-FeD'ER-aTE, v. i. To unite in alliance. 

CON-FED-ER-a'TION, n. Alliance by league or 
stipulation; act of confederating ; parties in alli- 
ance ; compact. [compact. 

CON-FeD'ER-A-TIVE, a. Constituting a federal 

CON-FeR' (13), v. i. To consult together ; to ad- 
vise with ; to discourse ; v: t. to give or bestow. 

CoN'FER-ENCE, n. Discourse ; meeting for con- 
sultation, discussion, or instruction. See Con- 
versation. 

CON-FeSS', v. t. To make known or acknowledge, 
applied commonly to something faulty or wrong ; 
in the Romish Church, to admit to confession. — 
Syn. Avow. — "We acknowledge what we feel must 
or ought to be made known, as a fault or a favor ; 
we avow with solemnity, as against opposition or 
obloquy, as our principles ; we confess what we 
feel to have been wrong, as our sins or errors. 
When we say, " This, / confess, is my opinion," 
we imply that others may think us in the wrong, 
and hence the word confess. 

■CON-FeSS'ED-LY, ad. Avowedly; by acknowl- 
edgment; with avowed purpose. 

CON-FeS'SION (-fesh'un), n. Avowal; acknowl- 
edgment; formulary comprising the articles of 
faith. 

CON-FES'SION-AL, n. A confessor's seat. 

CON-FeSS'OR, n. One who confesses or hears 
confessions; one who professes his faith in the 
Christian religion. 

CoN'FI-DANT, n. One intrusted with a secret. 

CoN'FI-DANTE, n. fern. A confidential friend. 

CON-FIDE', v. i. To trust fully ; to rely on ; to 



believe firmly, followed by in; v. t. to intrust; to 
commit to the charge of, as worthy of confi- 
dence. 

CoN'FI-DENCE, n. Trust; reliance; assurance; 
firm belief; bo;dness; firmness. 

€6N'FI-DENT, a. Having great confidence or 
boldness. — Syn. Bold ; daring ; assured ; trust- 
ing; positive. 

CON-FI-DeN'TIAL (-den'shal), a. Admitted to 
confidence ; private ; not to be divulged ; faith- 
ful. 

CON-FI-DeN'TIAL-LY, ad. In confidence. 

CON'FI-DENT-LY, ad. With full persuasion; in 
a confident manner ; positively. 

CON-FIG-u-Ra'TION, n. External form or shape ; 
relative position or aspect of planets. 

CoN'FINE, n. A limit ; border ; bound. 

CoN'FINE, v.i. To border on; to be adjacent; 
followed by on. [to shut up ; to fasten. 

CON-FINE', v. t. To restrain ; to limit ; to bind ; 

CON-FINE'MENT, n. Restraint ; imprisonment ; 
detention at one's residence, as by sickness, child- 
birth, &c. [borderer. 

CON-FIN'ER, n. He or that which confines; a 

CON-FiRM' (17), v. i. To make firm or certain ; to 
establish ; to make free from doubt ; to ratify ; to 
admit to full privileges in the Episcopal Church 
by imposition of a bishop's hands. — Syn. To 
strengthen; verify; settle; assure, [made sure. 

CON-FiRM'A-BLE, a. That may be proved or 

CON-FiRM-A'TION, n. Act of confirming or es- 
tablishing; proof; that which confirms or con- 
vinces ; ratification ; the rite of confirming bap- 
tized persons. 

CON-FiRM'A-TlVE, a. Having the power of con- 
firming ; tending to establish. 

CON-FiRM'A-TO-RY, a. Adapted to confirm. 

CON-FiRM'ER, n. One who confirms. 

CON-FIS'CA-BLE, a. Subject to confiscation. 

CON-FiS'CATE or CoN'FIS-CATE, a. Forfeited 
to the public treasury. 

CON-FiS'CaTE or CoN'FIS-CaTE, v. t To de- 
clare forfeited to the state by way of penalty. 

CON-FIS-Ca'TION, n. The act of condemning as 
forfeited, and adjudging to the public treasury. 

CoN'FIS-Ca-TOR, n. One who confiscates. 

CON-FIS'€A-TO-RY, a. Consigning to forfeiture. 

CON-FIX', v. t. To fix ; to fasten down. 

CON-FLA-GRa'TION, n. A great fire or burning 
of buildings. 

CON-FLICT', v. i. To strike or dash against ; to 
contend with. — Syn. To fight ; strive ; combat. 

CoN'FLICT, n. A violent opposition ; a contest ; 
combat; struggle. 

CoN'FLU-ENCE, n. A flowing together; the 
place of flowing together; act of meeting and 
crowding in a place ; a concourse ; concurrence. 

CoN'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing together; uniting; 
n. a stream flowing into another. 

CoN'FLUX, n. A junction of currents; a crowd. 

CON-F5RM', v. t. To adapt to a form ; to cause 
to be like ; v. i. to comply with ; to live or act ac- 
cording to. 

CON-FORM'A-BLE, a. Agreeable; suitable; like; 
correspondent ; compliant. 

CON-FoRM'A-BLY, ad. Agreeably ; suitably. 

CON-FORM-a'TION, n. Act of conforming; 
form; structure; disposition of parts. 

CON-FoRM'ER, n. One who conforms. 

CON-FGRM'IST, n. One who complies with the 
worship of the Church of England. 

CON-FoRM'I-TY, n. Compliance with ; likeness. 

CON-FOUND', v. t. To throw into disorder ; to 
overthrow ; to mix in a mass or crowd, so as to 
be indistinguishable ; to perplex with amaze- 
ment ; to confuse ; to regard or treat one thing as 
another. See Abash. [mously. 

CON-FOUND'ED-LY, ad. Shamefully; enor- 

CON-FRA-TeR'NI-TY, n. A brotherhood. 

CON-FRONT' (-friinf) v. t. To stand face to face 



dove, avolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"ciOTis. — o as k ; g as J ; s as z ; ch as su; this. * Hot English. 



CON 



88 



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to ; to stand in direct opposition ; to set face to 
face, as an accused person and a witness in court. 

CON-FRON-Ta'TION, n. A bringing face to face ; 
the act of confronting. 

CON-Fu$E', v. t. To throw into confusion or dis- 
order. — Syn. To derange; confound; disconcert; 
perplex; abash, which see. 

CON-Fu$'ED-LY, ad. In confusion ; indistinctly. 

CON-Fu$'ED-NESS, n. Want of order or distinct- 
ness; state of being confused. 

CON-Fu'SION (-f ii'zhun), n. A promiscuous min- 
gling together; perturbation of mind. — Syn. 
Disorder; tumult; indistinctness; abashment. 

CON-FO'TA-BLE, a. That may be disproved or 
confuted. 

CON-Fu'TANT, n. One who confutes or under- 
takes to confute. [tion. 

CON-FU-Ta'TION, n. Act of confuting; refuta- 

CON-FuTE', v. t. To prove to be erroneous. — 
Syn. To refute. — We refute an argument, slan- 
der, &c, when we set it aside; we confute (lit, 
pour upon) when we utterly disprove it and bring 
evidence to the contrary. In refuting, we prove 
an assertion to be untrue ; in confuting, we prove 
it to be positively false, absurd, &c. 

CON-FuT'ER, n. One who disproves. 

CoN'ge, v. i. To take leave ; to bow or courtesy. 

*C6N'GE (kon'jee), n. [Fr.J Leave; farewell; 
parting ceremony; bow; courtesy. 

CON-GEAL' (-jeel'), v. t. To change from a fluid 
to a solid state by cold or loss of heat ; to hard- 
en ; v. i. to pass from a fluid to a solid state 
through loss of heat; to freeze; to concrete into 
a solid mass. 

C0N-6eAL'A-BLE, a. That may be congealed. 

CON-geALJ?D' (kon-jeeld'), a. Hardened ; con- 
verted into ice. 

CON-gEAL'MENT, n. Congelation ; concretion. 

CON-GE-La'TION, n. The process of changing 
from a fluid to a solid state by reduction of tem- 
perature ; a freezing ; concretion. 

CoN'gE-NER, n. A thing of the same nature, 
stock, or origin. 

C0N-6E-NeR'IC,? a. Being of the same kind or 

C6N'GE-NER, f genus. 

CON-geN'ER-OUS, a. Being of the same kind. 

€ON-GE'NI-AL, a. Partaking of the same nature 
or feeling ; like in disposition ; kindred ; natural. 

CON-gE-NI-aL'I-TY, f n. Likeness of nature, 

€ON-GE'NI-AL-NESS,i origin, or qualities; 
suitableness. 

CON-geN'iTE, 1 a. Of the same birth ; cog- 

■eON-GEN'I-TAL,f nate. 

CoN G 'GER, / fkone'eer) [ n - A lar S e s P e " 

CoN G 'GER-EEL, j (J£ong ger; ' \ cies of sea-eel. 

CON-GE'RI-E$, n. A mass or aggregate of small 
bodies or particles. 

CON-GEST', v. t. To amass ; to collect i«to a heap. 

CON-geST'1-BLE, a. That may be congested. 

CON-geS'TION (kon-jest'yun), n . Unnatural ac- 
cumulation of blood or humors. 

CON-GEST'iVE, a. Indicating or attending an ac- 
cumulation of blood in some parts of the body. 

CON-GLa'CIaTE (-gla'shate), v. i. To turn to 
ice ; to freeze. [hard substance. 

CON-GLo'BATE, a. Formed into a ball or round 

loN-GLOM?™' } v - *• To gather int0 a baIL 
CON-GL6B'u-LaTE, v. i. To gather into a little 

round mass or globule. 
CON-GLoM'ER-ATE, a. Collected into a ball ; 
closely compacted together; consisting of frag- 
ments irregularly compacted, as conglomerate 
rocks. 
CON-GLoM'ER-ATE, n. In geology, a rock com- 
posed of gravel bound together by a cement ; 
pudding-stone. [round mass. 

CON-GLoM'ER-aTE, v. t. To gather into a ball or 
CON-GLOM-ER-a'TION, n. Gathering into a 
round mass ; a collection. 



CON-GLu'TI-NANT, a. Gluing; uniting; n. a 
medicine that heals wounds. 

CON-GLu'TI-NaTE, v. t. To glue together ; to 
unite ; to heal by conglutination ; v. i. to coa- 
lesce ; to unite._ [cious matter. 

CON-GLU-TI-Na'TION, n. A joining by tena- 

CON-GRaT'u-LANT, a. Rejoicing with. 

CON-GRaT'u-LaTE (-grat'yu-late), v. t. To wish 
joy on some fortunate occurrence. — Syn. To felic- 
itate. — We may felicitate a friend on his mar- 
riage, meaning that we wish him all joy; but to 
congratulate, means to unite our joy with his. A 
man whose mistress has married his rival may 
felicitate, but can hardly congratulate that rival 
on such an event. 

CON-GRAT-u-La'TION, n. A wishing of joy ; fe- 
licitation on some happy event. 

CON-GRaT'u-La-TOR, n. One who offers con- 
gratulation, [ulation. 

CON-GRAT'u-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing congrat- 

C5N g 'GRE-GaTE (kong'gre-gate), v. t. To col- 
lect together ; to assemble ; v. i. to come together. 
— Syn. To meet ; assemble ; collect. 

€ON g -GRE-Ga'TION (kong-gre-ga'shun), n. An 
assembly; the act of assembling ; a collection of 
persons, particularly applied to a religious as- 
sembly. 

€ON g -GRE-Ga'TION-AL, a. Relating to a con- 
gregation or to Congregationalism. 

CON g -GRE-Ga'TION-AL-I$M, n. A system of 
church government in which all authority is 
vested in the assembled brotherhood of each lo- 
cal church. 

CON g -GRE-Ga'TION-AL-IST, n. One who be- 
longs to a congregational church or society. 

€oN G 'GRESS (kong'gress), n. A meeting, as of 
the sovereigns or representatives of states ; the 
legislature of the United States; a meeting of 
two or more individuals. 

CON-GReS'SION-AL (kon-givsh'un-al), a. Per- 
taining to congress. 

CON-GReSS'iVE, a. Meeting ; encountering. 

€6N G 'GRU-ENCE, In. Suitableness of one thing 

€6N G/ GRU-EN-CY,f to another; fitness. 

C6N G 'GRU-ENT, a. Agreeing ; correspondent. 

€ON-GRu'I-TY, n. Suitableness; fitness; con- 
sistency; agreement. [suitable; meet. 

€oN G 'GRU-OUS (kong'gru-us), a. Accordant ; fit ; 

CoN G 'GRU-OUS-LY (kong'gru-us-ly), ad. Suita- 
bly; consistently. 

CoN'IC, \ a. Having the form of, or pertain- 

€oN'I€-AL,j ing to a cone. 

CoN'IC-AL-LY, ad. In the form of a cone. 

CoN'ICS, n. pi. Science of conic sections. 

CoNTC-SeC'TION, n. A curved line formed by 
the intersection of a cone and plane. 

CO-NiF'ER-0 US, a. Bearing cones or conical seed- 
vessels, as the pine, fir, &c. 

Co'NI-FORM, a. In the form of a cone. [ured. 

€ON-Je€T'DR-A-BLE, a. That may be conject- 

CON-JeCT'uR-AL, a. Depending on conjecture. 

CON- Je€T'uR-AL-LY, ad. By conj ecture ; with- 
out proof. 

CON-JeCT'uRE (kon-jekt'yur), n. An opinion 
without proof, or founded on slight probabilities. 
— Syn. Guess; surmise; supposition. 

CON-JeCT'uRE, v. t. To guess; to suppose on 
slight evidence ; to form an opinion at random. 

CON-JeCT'uR-ER (-jekt'yipr-er), n. One who con- 
jectures. 

CON-JOIN', v. t. To join together without any 
thing intermediate ; to connect ; to unite ; v. i. 
to unite; to join ; to league. 

CON-JOINT', a. United ; mutual ; associate. 

CON-JOINT'LY, ad. In union ; with united ef- 
forts. 

CoN'JU-GAL, a. Pertaining to marriage; suita- 
ble to, or becoming the married state. 

CoN'JU-GAL-LY, ad. Matrimonially; connubi- 
ally. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, 1, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what ; there, teem; marine, bikd; move, 



CON 



89 



CON 



C6N'JU-GaTE, v. t. To join ; to inflect, as verbs. 

CoN'JU-GATE, a. A conjugate diameter is a right 
line bisecting the transverse diameter. 

CON-JU-Ga'TION, n. Act of uniting or conju- 
gating; assemblage; a systematic statement or 
synopsis of the various inflections of a verb. 

CON-JONCT', a. Joint; united; connected. 

CON-JONC'TION, n. A meeting ; union ; league ; 
bond ; a connective or connecting word. 

CON-JuNC'TiVE, a. Serving to unite. 

CON-JuNC'TIVE-LY,\ ad. Jointly; in conjunc- 

CON-JfjNCT'LY, j tion. 

CON-JfjNCT'ORE (kon-junkt'yur), n. A joining 
together; a union, as of circumstances, causes, 
&c. ; a critical time ; a crisis ; connection. 

€oN-JU-Ra'TION (kun-jur-a'shun), n. The invo- 
cation of invisible powers for aid ; an occult art 
by which supernatural or extraordinary acts are 
sought to be performed ; incantation. 

CdN'JURE (kun'jur), v. i. To practice conjura- 
tion ; to use magic arts for producing supernat- 
ural effects by aid of invisible powers ; in a vul- 
gar sense, to behave wildly; to play tricks ; v. t. 
to act upon conjuration ; to raise or produce. 

•CON-JuRE', v. t. To call on or enjoin solemnly; 
to adjure ; to call by a sacred name ; to bind by 
an oath. 

CON-JuRE'MENT, n. A solemn injunction. 

CoN'JUR-ER (kun'jur-er), n. One who practices 
conjuration; an enchanter; a fortune-teller. 

C5NN, v. t. To direct in steering a ship by signs 
to the_helmsman. 

CoN'NaTE, a. Born at the same time. 

CON-NAT'u-RAL, a. Suitable to nature; of the 
same nature. [tie; v. i. to be in connection. 

CON-NeCT', v. t. To link together; to unite ; to 

CON-NkCT'ED-LY, ad. By connection. 

CON-NeC'TION, n. Act of joining ; state of being 
joined ; a relation by blood or marriage ; a relig- 
ious community. — Syn. Union; coherence; con- 
tinuity; junction ; linking ; intercourse ; depend- 
ence. 

CON-NfiCT'iVE, a. That serves to connect. 

CON-NeCT'iVE, n. A word that connects sen- 
tences ; any thing that connects. 

CON-NeX'ION. See Connection. 

CON-NiV'ANCE, n. Voluntary blindness to an 
act; consent while professing ignorance. See 
Collusion. [blame. 

CON-NlVE', v. i. To wink at ; to forbear to see or 

CON-NiV'ER, n. One who connives. 

*€ON-NOIS-SEuR' (kon-nis-sur'), n. [Fr.] A crit- 
ical judge of the fine arts; one thoroughly versed 
in any subject. [tial. 

CON-Nu'BI-AL, a. Pertaining to marriage ; nup- 

Co'NOID, n. In geometry, a solid formed by the 
revolution of a conic section about its axis. 

■CO-NOID'AL, a. Nearly conical. 

CoN'QUER (66) (konk'er), v. t. To gain by force ; 
to overcome, as difficulties ; to surmount, as ob- 
stacles. — Syn. To vanquish; subdue; subjugate. 
— Conquer is generic; to vanquish is to conquer 
by fighting, as a foe ; to subdue is to bring com- 
pletely under, as one's enemies; to subjugate is 
to bring under the yoke of bondage. [ry. 

CoN'QUER, v. i. To overcome ; to gain the victo- 

CoN'QUER-A-BLE, a. That may be subdued. 

CoN'QUER-OR, n. One who subdues or conquers. 

CoN'QUEST (66) (konk'west), n. The act of con- 
quering ; that which is conquered ; reduction to 
one's power. — Syn. Victory; triumph; subjuga- 
tion ; subjection. [blood. 

CON-SAN-GUiN'E-OUS, a. Related by birth or 

CON-SAN-GUiN'I-TY, n. Relation by blood or 
birth. 

CoN'SCIENCE (kon'shense), n. The faculty with- 
in us which decides on the lawfulness or unlaw- 
fulness of our actions; the decisions of con- 
science; scruple. 

CON-SCI-eN'TIOUS (kon-she-vn'shus), a. Scru- 



pulous ; governed by a strict regard to the dic- 
tates of conscience. 

€ON-SCI-eN'TIOUS-LY, ad. With strict integ- 
rity ; according to conscience. 

CON-SCI-eN'TIOUS-NESS, n. Scrupulous regard 
to the decisions of conscience. 

CoN'SCION-A-BLE, a. Reasonable ; just. 

C6N'SCION-A-BLY, ad. Reasonably; justly. 

CoN'SCIOUS (kon'shus), a. Knowing one's own 
mental states and operations; knowing ; knowing 
by consciousness ; apprised. [knowledge. 

€6N'SCIOUS-LY, ad. With inward persuasion or 

C6N'SCIOUS-NESS (kon'shus-ness), n. The 
knowledge of what passes in the mind ; inter- 
nal sense. 

CoN'SCRIPT, a. Written ; enrolled ; n. an en- 
rolled militia-man. The Conscript Fathers were 
the senators at Rome. 

CON-SCRiP'TION, n. A registering; a compul- 
sory enrollment for military or naval service. 

CoN'SE-CRaTE, v. t. To halloAv; to dedicate 
solemnly; to devote to sacred uses; to render 
sacred or venerable. 

CoN'SE-CRATE, a. Sacred; consecrated. 

€6N'SE-CRa-TED, a. Dedicated with solemn 
rites; made sacred or venerable. 

CON-SE-CRa'TION, n. The act of making sa- 
cred, or devoting to sacred uses; the ceremony 
of solemnly setting apart for a sacred service or 
purpose. 

C6N'SE-CRa-TOR, n. One who consecrates. 

CON-SEC-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Following of course. 

CON-SeC'u-TIVE, a. Following in order or a se- 
ries; uninterrupted in succession; consequential. 

CON-SeC'u-TIVE-LY, ad. By way of consequence 
or succession. 

CON-SeNT', n. A yielding to what is proposed; 
agreement of mind. — Syn. Accord; acquiescence; 
concurrence ; assent ; correspondence. See As- 
sent. 

CON-SeNT', v. i. Literally, to think with another; 
to yield when one might refuse. — Syn. To agree; 
assent; yield; allow; concede. [with. 

CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS. a. Agreeable; consistent 

CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, ad. With agreement ; 
consistently. 

CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS,? n. Agreement ; 

CON-SEN-TA-NE'I-TY, J accordance. 

CON-SeNT'ER, n. One who gives his consent. 

CON-SeN'TIENT (kon-sen'shent), a. Agreeing; 
uniting in opinion. 

CoN'SE-QUENCE, n. Literally, that which fol- 
lows. That Avhich springs out of something 
which precedes ; a logical inference ; importance ; 
destination. — Syn. Effect ; result. — An effect is the 
most immediate, springing directly from some 
cause; a consequence is more remote, not being 
strictly caused nor yet a mere sequence, but 
flowing out of and following something on which 
it truly depends; a result (lit., bounding back) is 
still more remote and variable, like the rebound 
of an elastic body which falls in very different 
directions. We may foresee the effects of a meas- 
ure, may conjecture its consequences, but can 
rarely discover its final results. 

C6N'SE-QUENT, a. Following naturally ; n. that 
which naturally follows ; effect ; inference. See 
Antecedent. 

CON-SE-QUeN'TIAL, a. Following as the effect ; 
conclusive; important; conceited; pompous. 

CON-SE-QUeN'TIAL-LY, ad. By consequence; 
with right connection of ideas; with assumed 
importance. 

€6N'SE-QUENT-LY, ad. By consequence or ef- 
fect; in consequence of something. 

CON-SeR-Va'TION, n. Act of preserving ; pres- 
ervation from loss or injury. 

CON-SeRV'A-TISM, n. The desire of preserving 
whatever is established ; disinclination to change. 

CON-SERV'A-TiVE (13), n. One who aims to pre- 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK; RULE, BULL; VI ClOUS. — C aS K ; 



s as z ; ch as su ; this. 



Not English. 



CON 



90 



CON 



serve from radical change; one who wishes to 
maintain an institution in its present state; a. 
having power to preserve. 

CON-SeR-Va'TOR, n. A preserver; a keeper. 

€ON-SeRV'A-TO-RY, n. A place for preserving 
things; a large green-house for exotic plants; a. 
having the quality or power of preserving. 

CoN'SeRVE, n. A sweetmeat; preserved fruit ; a 
preparation in sugar. 

-GON-SERVE', v. t. To preserve; to candy fruit. 

€ON-SID'ER, v. t. To think or deliberate on; to 
take into account; to attend to. — Syn. To pon- 
der; revolve; weigh; study; examine. 

€ON-SiD'ER, v. i. To think carefully; to reflect ; 
to deliberate. 

CON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a. Worthy of regard; not 
trivial; of some distinction ; important; deserv- 
ing notice ; more than a little. [gree. 

€ON-SiD'ER-A-BLY, ad. In a considerable de- 

■CON-SiD'ER-ATE, a. Given to consideration ; 
thoughtful; prudent; moderate. 

OON-SID'ER-ATE-LY, ad. With thought and 
prudence; with due consideration. 

€ON-SiD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Thoughtfulness ; 
prudence; calm deliberation. 

€ON-SID-ER-a'TION, n. The act of consider- 
ing ; serious thought ; prudence ; motive ; rea- 
son ; recompense ; some degree of importance or 
of respectability ; that which forms the reason 
or basis of a contract. [tation. 

€ON-S!D'ER-ING, n. Act of deliberating; hesi- 

€ON-SiGN' (kon-slne'), v. t. To give or set over; 
to deliver formally into the hands of another. — 
Syn. To commit ; intrust. — To commit is gener- 
ic; to intrust is to commit as a trust or deposit; 
to consign (Lit., sign away) is to deliver over in a 
formal manner. A man may commit a lawsuit 
to his attorney, may intrust a child with his 
friend, may consign goods to an agent, or his 
soul at death into the hands of his Creator. 

OON-SIGN-EE' (kon-se-nee'), n. One to whom a 
thing is intrusted. 

CON-SiGN'ER (kon-sln'er), \ n. One who com- 

OON-SIGN-6R' (kon-se-nor'), J mits to another in 
trust or for management. 

■eON-SIGN'MENT (-sine'-), n. Act of consigning ; 
goods consigned. 

■eON-SIST', v. i. To stand together ; to subsist ; to 
be made up of; to stand or be ; to agree. 

€ON-SiST'ENCE, In. A standing together; de- 

€ON-SIST'EN-CY,j* gree of density ; substance; 
agreement; congruity. 

€0N-S1ST'ENT, a. Agreeing ; conformed to ; 
congruous; compatible; firm; not fluid. 

€ON-SiST'ENT-LY, ad. With agreement or suit- 
ableness. 

■GON-SIS-To'RI-AL, a. Relating to a consistory. 

€ON-SIST'0-RY, n. A spiritual or ecclesiastical 
courtj an assembly or council. 

■eON-So'CIATE, n. An accomplice ; a partner. 

€ON-So'CIaTE (-so'shate), v. t. To unite in a 
body or association ; to join ; to associate ; v. i. to 
unite or meet in a body ; to coalesce. 

€ON-SO-CI-a'TION (-so-she-a'shun), n. Alliance; 
fellowship ; union ; meeting of the clergy and 
delegates of Congregational churches within a 
certain district. [sociation. 

CON-SO-CI-a'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a con- 

€ON-SoL'A-BLE, a. Capable of being consoled. 

€ON-SO-La'TION, n. Alleviation of misery ; as- 
suagement of grief; refreshment of mind; that 
which comforts. See Comfost. 

CON-SoL'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to yield consola- 
tion ;_assuaging grief. 

CON-SoLE', v. t. To cheer under sorrow ; to com- 
fort. — Syn. To solace ; sustain ; soothe ; encour- 
age. _ 

CoN'SoLE, n. An ornament on the key of an 
arch ; a bracket to support something, as a bust, 
&c. 



€0N-S5L'I-DaTE, v. t. To make hard or firm ; to 
unite into one. — Syn. To harden ; compact ; con- 
dense ; compress. [grow firm or hard. 

€0N-S6I/I-DaTE, v. i. To become solid ; to 

CON-SoL'I-DATE, a. Formed into a solid mass. 

€ON-SOL-I-Da'TION, n. Act of making or be- 
coming hard or firm; union of things; the an- 
nexing of one bill to another in legislation. 

CoN'SOLS, n. pi. In England, three per cent, an- 
nuities, granted at different times, consolidated 
into one stock or fund. 

CoN'SO-NANCE, n. Agreement of one thing with 
another. — Syn. Accord; consistency; unison; har- 
mony. • [gruous; according. 

€6N'SO-NANT, a. Agreeable ; consistent ; con- 

€6N'SO-NANT, n. An articulation; a letter de- 
noting the junction of the organs of speech. 

CoN'SO-NANT-LY, ad. Agreeably ; consistently. 

CoN'SO-NOUS, a. Agreeing in sound. 

CoN'SORT, n. A husband or wife; a companion. 
Queen Consort, the wife of a king, is distinguish- 
ed from a Queen Regent, who rules alone, and a 
Queen Dowager, the widow of a king. 

CON-SoRT', v. i. To associate ; to join ; to marry; 
followed by xoith ; v. t. to join; to marry; to unite 
in company. 

CON-SPIC'u-OUS, a. Open to the view; striking 
to the 'eye or mind. — Syn. Eminent; illustrious; 
prominent ; famous ; distinguished, which see. 

CON-SPrC'u-OUS-LY, ad. In a conspicuous man- 
ner; plainly; openly. 

CON-SPiR'A-CY, n. A combination for an evil 
purpose. — Syn. Plot; cabal. 

CON-SPIR'ANT, a. Plotting; conspiring. 

CON-SPI-Ra'TION, n. A plotting ; union for evil. 

€ON-SPiR'A-TOR, n. A plotter of evil; one en- 
gaged in a conspiracy. 

CON-SPIRE', v. i. To unite or covenant together 
for an evil purpose ; to unite or meet for any pur- 
pose; to concur to an end; to complot. 

CdN'STA-BLE (kiin'sta-bl), n. An officer of the 
peace ; in the middle ages, a high officer of gov- 
ernment, [or jurisdiction of constables. 

CdN'STA-BLER-Y (kun'sta-bler-ry), n. The body 

CoN-STaB'u-LA-RY, a. Pertaining to or consist- 
ing of constables. 

C6N'STAN-CY, n. Fixedness; firmness of mind. 
— Syn. Steadiness; stability; resolution. 

CoN'STANT, a. Firm ; fixed ; faithful in affection ; 
unchangeable; continual; n. that which remains 
invariable; steadfast. 

C6N'STANT-LY, ad. Invariably; firmly; stead- 
ily; continually; perseveringly. 

€ON-STEL-La'TION, n. A cluster of fixed stars. 

CON-STER-Na'TION, n. A terror which over- 
powers one's faculties. See Alakm. 

CoN'STI-PaTE, v. t. To crowd ; to fill and stop a 
passage ; to make costive. [ness. 

€ON-STI-Pa'TION, n. Act of stuffing ; costive- 

€ON-STiT'u-EN-CY, n. The body of constituents. 

€ON-STiT'u-ENT, a. Essential ; elemental ; hav- 
ing the power of constituting ; composing. 

CON-STiT'u-ENT, n. A person who appoints ; a 
term applied to those who elect a person to office 
as their representative ; he or that which consti- 
tutes or composes. 

€6N'STI-T0TE, v. t Literally, to put together; 
to cause to be ; to set up ; to establish ; to form 
or compose. — Syn. To make ; appoint; depute. 

€ON-STI-Tu'TION, n. The act of constituting ; 
characteristic or fundamental state of body or 
mind ; a system of fundamental principles and 
laws for the government of a state or any organ- 
ized body of men; a particular ordinance. 

€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. According to the con- 
stitution ; inherent in the constitution. 

-eON-STI-Tu-TION-AL'I-TY, n. Agreeableness to 
the constitution. 

€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL-LY, ad. In consistency 
with the constitution or frame of government. 



a, e, &c, long.—l, g, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, -what; theee, teem; maelne, bIed; move, 



cox 



91 



CON 



CoX'STI-Tu-TlYE, a. That constitutes or estab- 
lishes. 

■COX-STRaIX', V. t. To impel with overpowering 
force. — Syn\ To compel ; force: drive; urge. 

COX-STRaIX'A-BLE, a. That may be constrain- 
ed ; liable to constraint. 

■CON-STRaIXT', n. Compulsion; force applied; 
that which prevents free action. 

€OX-STRi€T', v. t. To draw together; to bind; 
to control; to cause to shrink. 

€OX-STRi€'TlOX, n. A drawing together; con- 
traction ; compression. [or contracts. 

■GOX-STRiCT'OR, n. That which draws together 

€OX-STRIXgE', v. t. To draw together; to con- 
tract ; to compress. [compressing. 

•eOX-STRiXG'EXT, a. Binding; contracting; 

COX-STRCCT', v. t. To form and put together the 
parts of a thing ; to build ; to erect. 

€OX-STRu€T'ER, n. One who constructs. 

COX-STRCC'TIOX, n. The act or manner of 
building, or of forming and putting together the 
parts of a thing ; fabrication ; structure ; in grain- 
mar, syntax, or the arrangement of words in a 
sentence; interpretation; meaning. [tion. 

COX-STRuC'TIOX-AL, a. Pertaining to construc- 

€OX-STRu€'TIOX-IST, n. One who puts a con- 
struction on law or public documents. 

€OX-STRu€T'iVE, a. Proceeding from construc- 
tion ; inferred. [tion ; by fair inference. 

€OX-STRu€T'i VE-LY, ad. By way of construc- 

CoX'STRuE, v. t. To translate or interpret ; to ex- 
plain, [same substance. 

€OX-SUB-STaX'TIAL (-stan'shal), a. Of the 

€OX-SUB-STaX'TIaTE (-stan'shate), V. t. To 
unite in one common substance or nature. 

COX-SUB-STAX-TI-a'TIOX (-stan-she-a'shun), n. 
Union of the body of Christ with the sacrament- 
al elements. 

CoX'SUE-TuDE (kon'swe-tude). n. Custom. 

C'OX-SUE-Tu'DI-XAL, a. Customary; usual. 

CoX'SUL, n. A chief officer in ancient Rome ; an 
officer appointed by a government to protect the 
interests of its citizens in some foreign country. 

CoX'SU-LAR, a. Pertaining to a consul. 

CoX'SU-LATE, n. Office or residence of a consul. 

€6X'SUL-SHIP, n. Office of a consul. 

€OX-SuLT', v. t. To ask advice of; to seek infor- 
mation from ; to regard ; v. i. to take counsel to- 
gether ; to deliberate in common. 

COX-SULT-a'TIOX, n. Act of consulting ; a coun- 
cil for deliberation. 

COX-SuM'A-BLE, a. That may be consumed. 

€OX-SuME', v. t. Literally, to take or do away 
with ; to destroy or waste utterly ; v. i. to waste 
away ; to be exhausted. — Syn. To swallow up ; 
ingulf; absorb; squander; expend; dissipate. 

COX-SuM'ER, n. One who consumes or destroys. 

€OX-SuM'MaTE or €6X'SUM-MaTE, v. t. To 
complete; to perfect; to finish by completing 
what was intended. [perfect. 

COX-SuM'MATE, a. Complete; accomplished; 

€OX-SuM'MATE-LY, ad. Completely ; perfectly. 

COX-SOI-Ma'TIOX, n. Completion ; end ; term- 
ination or winding up of any work, scheme, or 
system. 

€OX-3uMP'TIOX (-sum'shun), n. The act of con- 
suming; waste; state of wasting or diminution; 
a wasting disease ; a wasting or gradual decay of 
the body. 

COX-SuMP'TIVE, a. Destructive ; inclined to or 
afflicted with consumption ; pertaining to con- 
sumption. 

COX-SuMP'TIYE-LY, ad. In a way tending to or 
indicating consumption. 

CoX'TACT, n. Touch; close union. 

€OX-Ta'GIOX (-tii'jun), n. The communication 
of disease by contact or near approach ; that 
which thus communicates disease. 

€0X-Ta'6I0US (-ta'jus), a. Containing or pro- 
ducing contagion ; catching. — Syn. Infectious. — 



These words have been used in very diverse 
senses; but, in general, a contagious disease is 
one which is caught from another by contact, by 
the breath, by bodily effluvia, &c, while an in- 
fectious one supposes some entirely different cause 
acting by a hidden influence, like the miasma of 
prison-ships, of marshes, &c, infecting the sys- 
tem with disease. See Infection. 

COX-TaIX', v. t. To hold; to comprise; to re- 
strain ; to include ; to embrace ; v. i. to blve iu 
continence. 

€OX-TaIX'A-BLE, a. That may be contained. 

COX-TAM'1-XaTE, v. t. To defile ; to pollute ; to 
taint. 

COX-TAM'I-XATE. a. Polluted ; corrupt ; defiled. 

-COX-TAM-1-Xa'TIOX, n. Defilement ; pollution. 

COX-TEMN' (kon-t5m'), V. t. To regard with con- 
tempt. — Syn. Despise; scorn; disdain. — Con- 
temn is generic ; to despise (lit., to look down 
upon) is to regard or treat as mean, unbecoming, 
or worthless; to scorn is stronger, expressing a 
quick, indignant contempt; disdain is still stron- 
ger, denoting either a generous abhorrence of what 
is base, or unwarrantable pride and haughtiness. 

COX-TeII'XER, n. One who contemns; a de- 
spiser. 

COX-TeM'PER, v. t. To moderate by mixture. 

COX-TeaI'PER-aTE, v. t. To moderate; to re- 
duce by mixture ; to temper. 

COX-TEM-PER-a'TIOX, n. The act of modera- 
ting or tempering; proportionate mixture. 

COX-TeM'PLaTE or CoX'TEM-PLaTE, v. t or i. 
To dwell upon in thought; to consider in refer- 
ence to a future act. — Syn. To meditate ; intend. 
— YVe meditate a design when we are looking out 
or waiting for the means of its accomplishment ; 
we contemplate it when the means are at hand, 
and our decision is nearly or quite made ; to in- 
tend is stronger ; we have decided to act when an 
opportunity may offer. 

COX-TEM-PLa'TIOX, n. The act of contempla- 
ting; attentive thought. — Syn. Meditation; study. 

COX-TeM'PLA-TiVE, a. Given to contempla- 
tion; studious; thoughaul. 

€OX-TeM'PLA-TIVE-LY, ad. Thoughtfully ; 
with contemplation. [contemplate. 

€OX-TeM'PLA-TiYE-XESS, n. Disposition to 

CoX'TEaI-PLa-TOR, n. One employed in medi- 
tation ; one who contemplates. 

COX-TeaTPO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the 
same time with another. 

COX-TeM'PO-RA-RY, \a. Living or being 

COX-TEM-PO-Ra'XE-OUS, j at the same time. 

•COX-TEMPT' (-temtO, n. Act of despising ; ha- 
tred of what is mean or deemed vile ; state of 
being despised ; scorn ; disdain ; in law, disobe- 
dience of the rules or orders of a court. 

COX-TEMPT'I-BLE, a. Deserving contempt.— 
Syn. Despicable; pitiful; paltry.— Des2ncable is 
stronger than contemptible, and pitiful than pal- 
try. A man is despicable for what is base or 
wicked; contemptible for what is weak, foolish, 
&c. A thing is pitiful when it indicates mean- 
ness and timidity, paltry when low and worthless. 

€OX-T£MPT'u-OUS (-t:-mpt'yu-us), a. Express- 
ing contempt ; scornful ; haughty. [manner. 

€OX-T£MPT'u-OUS-LY, ad. In a contemptuous 

COX-TeXD', v. i. To strive; to dispute; to re- 
prove sharply ; to vie with. 

COX-TeXD'ER, n. One who contends or disputes ; 
a champion. 

COX-TeXT', n. Rest or quietness of mind in one's 
present situation ; quietude ; satisfaction ; a. 
satisfied ; quiet ; peaceful. 

COX-TEXT', v. t. To satisfy ; to gratify or please ; 
to make quiet or easy. [pleased. 

COX-TeXT'ED, a. Satisfied; quiet in mind; 

€OX-TEX'TIOX (-ten 'shun), n. A violent strug- 
gle.— Syn. Strife; contest; quarrel; controversy; 
feud ; variance ; dissension. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bule ; yi"ciot;s. — € as k. ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. * Xot English. 



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CON-TeN'TIOUS (-ten'shus), a. Disposed to con- 
tend; perverse; quarrelsome; relating to or pro- 
voking contention. [ner; perversely. 

CON-TEN'TIOUS-LY, ad. In a quarrelsome man- 

CON-TENT'MENT, n. Satisfaction ; acquies- 
cence; gratification. 

CoN'TENTS or CON-TeNTS', n. pi. That which 
is contained ; heads of what a book contains ; in- 
dex, [bounds. 

CON-TiiRM'IN-A-BLE, a. Capable of the same 

CON-TERM'IN-ATE, a. Having the same bounds. 

CON-TeRM'IN-OUS (13), a. Bordering; touch- 
ing; having the same limit. 

CoN'TEST, n. A struggle for victory; strife in 
argument ; controversy. — Syn. Strife ; conflict ; 
encounter; combat. — Strife is generic; an en- 
counter is a sudden and hostile meeting ; a con- 
flict is a violent meeting of the parties ; a combat 
is a deadly conflict of two or more. 

CON-TEST', v. t. To strive earnestly in respect 
to. — Syn. Controvert; debate. [pute. 

CON-TEST', v. i. To strive; to vie with; to dis- 

CON-TeST'A-BLE, a. That may be disputed. 

CON-TeST'ANT, n. One who contests the right 
of another._ [pute. 

CON-TEST- a'TION, n. Act of contesting; dis- 

CoN'TEXT, n. Series or order of discourse ; the 
parts of a discourse which precede or follow a 
passage specified. [or to the human frame. 

CON-TEXT'uR-AL, a. Pertaining to contexture 

CON-TeXT'uRE (kon-tSxt'yur), n. An interweav- 
ing; texture. 

CON-TI-Gu'I-TY, n. Close position ; contact. 

CON-TiG-'u-OUS, a. Joining at the surface or 
border. — Syn. Adjoining; adjacent. — Things are 
adjacent when they lie near to each other with- 
out touching, as adjacent fields; adjoining when 
they meet or join at some point, as adjoining 
farms ; contiguous when they are brought more 
continuously in contact, as contiguous buildings. 

CON-TiGr'u-OUS-LY, ad. In close junction; in a 
manner to touch. 

CoN'TI-NENCE, \n. Forbearance of sensual in- 

C6N'TI-NEN-CY,f dulgence ; self-command ; 
. chastity. 

CoN'TI-NENT, a. Refraining from sensual indul- 
gence. — Syn. Temperate; chaste; moderate. 

CoN'TI-NENT, n. A great extent of land nowhere 
entirely separated by water ; one of the great di- 
visions of the earth. 

CON-TI-NENT'AL, a. Pertaining to a continent. 

CoN'TI-NENT-LY, ad. Chastely; temperately. 

CON-TIN'oEN-CY, n. Accident; casual event; 
unforeseen occurrence; that which happens in 
connection with something else ; uncertainty. 

CON-TiN'gENT, a. Happening by chance ; acci- 
dental; casual; uncertain; depending on some- 
thing uncertain, or that can not be foreseen. 

CON-TiN'gENT, n. Chance ; that which falls to 
one's lot ; proportion to be furnished, as of troops, 
&c. [ly. 

CON-TiN'gENT-LY, ad. By chance ; accidental- 

CON-TiN'u-AL(-tin'yu-al),a. Very frequent ; oc- 
curring in a succession almost or quite unbroken. 
— Syn. Continuous; perpetual. — A thing is contin- 
uous which flows on without interruption through 
its whole course, as a continuous discourse or 
train of thought ; it is continual when, with per- 
haps brief interruptions, it steadily recurs again, 
as continual showers. Perpetual is sometimes 
used for continual in a stronger sense, as perpet- 
ual applications ; sometimes for continuous and 
lasting, as perpetual motion. 

•CON-TIN'u-ANCE, n. Remaining in a particular 
state or course ; uninterrupted succession ; dura- 
tion ; abode^ [tension in the same line or series. 

CON-T1N-u-a'TION, n. Constant succession; ex- 

CON-TiN'uE (kon-tin'yu), v. i. To remain; to 
stay ; to persevere ; to endure ; v. t. to protract ; 
to extend ; to persevere in. 



CON-TI-Nu'I-TY, n. Uninterrupted connection. 

CON-TiN'u-OUS, a. Closely united ; without in- 
terruption, [terruptedly. 

CON-TlN'0-OUS-LY, ad. In continuation ; unin- 

CON-T6RT', V. t. To twist; to writhe; to turn. 

CON-T6R'TION, n. A twisting ; a writhing. 

+CON-T6UR' (-toorO, n. [jFV.] The outline of a 
figure. 

+CoN'TRA, a Latin preposition signifying against, 
used as a prefix in compound words. 

C6N'TRA-BAND, a. Contrary to proclamation; 
unlawful ; forbidden. 

CoN'TRA-BAND, n. Prohibition of trading in 
goods contrary to the laws of a state ; the act of 
trading in contraband goods. 

CoN'TRACT, n. An agreement; a writing con- 
taining the terms of an agreement or covenant. 
— Syn. Covenant; stipulation; compact. — A cov- 
enant is a mutual agreement ; a contract is such 
an agreement reduced to writing ; a stipulation is 
one of the articles or parts of a contract ; a com- 
pact is a more solemn and binding contract. 

CON-TRACT', v. t. To draw together or nearer; 
to draw the parts together ; to betroth ; to incur, 
as to contract a debt ; to shorten by omission of 
a letter or syllable ; to acquire or get, as a dis- 
ease. — Syn. To abbreviate; shorten; condense; 
v. i. to shrink ; to diminish ; to bargain. 

CON-TRACT-I-BiL'I-TY, \ n. Possibility of 

CON-TRICT'I-BLE-NESSJ being contracted; 
quality of suffering contraction. 

CON-TRaCT'I-BLE, a. Capable of contraction. 

CON-TRACT'iLE (-trakt'il), a. Tending to con- 
tract. 

CON-TRaC'TION, n. The act of shortening or 
contracting; the state of being contracted; a 
shrinking ; abbreviation. 

CON-TRaCT'OR, n. One who contracts ; one who 
covenants to perform any service at a certain 
price. [posite. 

CoN'TRA-DaNCE, n. A dance with partners op- 

CON-TRA-DiCT', v. t. To oppose by words ; to be 
du-ectly contrary to. — Syn. To deny ; gainsay ; 
resist; impugn. 

CON-TRA-DIO'TION, n. A denying; denial or 
gainsaying; inconsistency with itself. 

CON-TRA-DiC'TIOUS, a. Inclined to contradict ; 
inconsistent. 

CON-TRA-DICT'iVE, a. That contradicts. 

CON-TRA-DiCT'O-RY, a. Contrary; inconsistent. 

CON-TRA-DIS-TlNCT', a. Distinguished by op- 
posite qualities. [opposites. 

CON-TRA-DIS-TiNC'TION, n. Distinction by 

CON-TRA-DIS-TiN G 'GUISH, (-dis-ting'guishj, 
v. t. To distinguish by opposite qualities. 

CON-TRaL'TO, n. The counter-tenor; the part 
next below the tenor. 

CON-TRA-MAND'. See Countermand. 

CoN'TRA-RIES (-riz), n. pi. In logic, propositions 
which destroy each other. 

CON-TRA-Rl'E-TY, n. Opposition ; inconsistency. 

C6N'TRA-RI-LY, ad. In an opposite manner. 

CON-TRa'RI-OUS, a. Contrary; repugnant. 

C6N'TRA-RI-WI$E, ad. On the contrary. 

CoN'TRA-RY, n. A thing that is contrary, or of 
opposite qualities. On the contrary, on the other 
side. 

CoN'TRA-RY, a. In direct opposition. — Syn. Ad- 
verse; repugnant; hostile; opposite; discordant; 
inimical ; inconsistent. 

CoN'TRAST, n. Opposition in things of a like 
kind ; exhibition of differences. 

CON-TRAST', v. t. To set in opposition with a 
view to show the superiority of one thing over 
another, or to make the one set off the other. 

CON-TRAST', v. i. To stand in contrast or oppo- 
sition. 

CON-TRA-VAL-La'TION, n. In fortification, a 
parapet raised by besiegers against sallies. 

CON-TRA-VeNE', v. t. To oppose ; to obstruct. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



CON 



93 



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COX-TRA-VeN'TIOX, n. Opposition ; violation. 

COX-TRA-VeR'SIOX (-ver'shun), n. A turning 
to the opposite side. [uted. 

€OX-TRiB'u-TA-BLE, a. That can he contrib- 

€OX-TRiB'u-TA-RY, a. Contributing aid to the 
same chief or principal. 

€OX-TRiB'uTE, v. t. To give for a common pur- 
pose ; to pay a share ; v. i. to give a part ; to 
have a share in any act or effect. — Syn. To con- 
duce; minister. 

COX-TRI-Bu'TIOX, n. Act of contributing ; sum 
given ; a collection ; a levy. 

COX-TRiB'u-TIVE, a. Tending to promote or 
contribute to. 

€OX-TRiB'u-TOR, n. One who contributes. 

€OX-TRiB'u-TO-RY, a. Contributing to ; ad- 
vancing; promoting. 

CoX'TRITE, a. Broken-hearted for sin. — Syn. 
Penitent; sorrowful; repentant. [manner. 

CoN'TRiTE-LY, ad. In a penitent or contrite 

€OX-TRi"TIOX (-trish'un), n. Deep sorrow for 
sin. — Syn. Repentance. — Contrition (lit, bruis- 
ing) is a continuous state of grief and self-con- 
demnation ; repentance is an act in which, with 
sorrow for our sins, we renounce them. Contri- 
tion has all the pain of repentance, without the 
relief it affords. 

€OX-TRiY'A-BLE, a. That may be contrived. 

COX-TRIY'AXCE, n. The act of contriving ; the 
thing contrived. — Syn. Device; invention; plan; 
scheme; project. 

CON-TRlVE', v. t. To invent ; to project ; to de- 
vise ; to plan out ; v. i. to form or devise ; to plot. 

COX-TRiV'ER, n. An inventor ; a schemer. 

€ON-TRuL', n. Governing power ; authority ; 
check ; that which restrains; primarily, a coun- 
ter-roll, or an account or register kept as check 
upon another. 

€QN-TEoL', v. t. To keep under check by a coun- 
ter-reckoning ; to restrain ; to govern ; to check. 

COX-TRoL'LA-BLE, a. Capable of being con- 
trolled or governed; subject to restraint or com- 
mand. 

CON-TRoL'LER, n. One who controls or has au- 
thority to restrain ; an officer who checks other 
officers by a counter-register of accounts. 

COX-TRoL'LER-SHIP, n. Office of controller. 

COX-TROL'MEXT, n. The power or act of con- 
trolling ; control ; restraint ; opposition ; resist- 
ance, [disputes. 

COX-TRO-VeR'SIAL (-ver'shal), a. Relating to 

COX-TRO-VER'SIAL-IST, n. One who carries on 
a controversy; a disputant. 

€5X'TRO-YeR-SY (13), n. A protracted contest or 
debate. — Syn. Dispute; strife; wrangle; quarrel; 
contention. 

CoX'TRO-YeRT, v. t. To argue against; to at- 
tempt to disprove. — Syn. To dispute ; oppose ; 
oppugn; contest. [ed. 

COX-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be disput- 

CoX'TRO-YERT-IST,? n. One who controverts; 

€5X'TRO-Y_ERT-ER, ] a disputant ; an opposer. 

€OX-TU-Ma'CIOUS (-ma'shus), a. Opposing 
rightful authority with pride and stubbornness. 
— Syn. Obstinate ; stubborn ; headstrong. 

€OX-TU-Ma'CIOUS-LY, ad. With obstinacy ; in 
stubborn disobedience. 

€6X'TU-MA-CY, n. Unyielding resistance to 
rightful authority. — Syn. Stubbornness ; obsti- 
nacy; perverseness. 

€OX-TU-Me'LI-OUS, a. Haughtily reproachful ; 
showing great contempt. — Syn. Abusive; insult- 
ing; contemptuous; haughty. 

COX-TU-ME'LI-OUS-LY, ad. Reproachfully; abu- 
sively; with pride and contempt. 

CoX'TU-ME-LY, n. Contemptuous language ; in- 
solence ; haughty rudeness. 

COX-Tu'SIOX (-tu'zhun), n. A bruising ; a bruise 
in the flesh without breaking the skin ; a reduc- 
ing to powder by beating. 



CO-XuX'DRUM, n. A sort of riddle, proposing for 
discovery some point of resemblance between 
things apparently unlike. 

CoX'u-SAXCE, n. Cognizance; knowledge. 

COX-YA-LESCE' (-1C-ss'), v. i. To recover health. 

COX-VA-L£S'CEXCE, n. Return to health ; res- 
toration from disease. 

€OX-YA-L£S'CENT, a. Recovering health. 

COX-YeX'A-BLE, a. That may be convened. 

COX-YEXE', v. t. To call together ; to cause to 
meet or assemble ; v. i. to come together ; to as- 
semble. 

COX-YEX'IEXCE (kon-ven'yence), n. Fitness ; 
accommodation ; that which gives ease ; suita- 
bleness; propriety; freedom from difficulty; ease. 

€OX-VEN'IEXT (-ven'yent), a. Fit; suitable; 
adapted to use or to wants ; proper ; handy. 

COX-VEX'IEXT-LY, ad. Suitably ; fitly ; without 
trouble ; commodiously. 

CoX'VEXT, n. A community of persons devoted 
to religious seclusion. See Cloisteb. 

€OX-VeXT'I-€LE (kon-vent'e-kl), n. A meeting ; 
an assembly; usually applied to a meeting of 
dissenters from the established church of En- 
gland. 

COX-VeX'TIOX, n. The act of coming together ; 
an assembly; a formal meeting or gathering of 
persons for some deliberative purpose ; tempora- 
ry treaty ; agreement between parties. 

COX-VeX'TIOX-AL, a. Agreed on by contract ; 
arising out of custom or tacit agreement. 

COX-YeX'TIOX-AL-ISM, n. That which is re- 
ceived bv tacit agreement, as a custom, &c. 

COX-VeN'TIOX-A-RY, a. Agreed on by contract ; 
acting under agreement. 

COX-VeXT'u-AL, a. Belonging to a convent; n. 
a monk; a nun. [point. 

COX-YeRgE' (13), v. t To incline toward one 

COX-YeRg'EXCE, n. A tending to one point. 

COX-YeRg'EXT,? a. Tending to one point ; 

COX-VeRg'IXG, j gradually approaching each 
other. [ble. 

€OX-YeRS'A-BLE, a. Free to converse; socia- 

CoX'VeR-SAXT, a. Familiar with. 

COX-YeR-Sa'TIOX, n. Intercourse with others ; 
oral interchange of thought by language; mode 
of life. — Syn. Talk ; chat ; conference.— Talk i3 
broken, familiar, and versatile ; chat is still more 
so ; conversation is more continuous and sustain- 
ed ; a conference is held for the discussion of some 
important topic. 

COX-YeR-Sa'TIOX-AL, a. Pertaining to conver- 
sation; done in mutual discourse. 

*€OX-VER-Sa-ZI-o'XE (kon-ver-siit-ze-o'na), n. 
[Z£.] A meeting for conversation. 

COX-VeRSE' (13), v. i. To discourse; to inter- 
change thoughts orally. 

CoX'YeRSE, n. Conversation ; familiar discourse ; 
familiar intercourse ; an inverted or reciprocal 
proposition. 

CoX'VeRSE, a. Reciprocal or opposite. 

CoX'YeRSE-LY, ad. By change of order. 

COX-YeR'SIOX (-ver'shun), n. A turning or 
change from one state to another; a change 
of heart. 

CoX'YERT, n. One who has changed his opinions 
or religion ; one who is converted. — Syn. Prose- 
lyte ; pervert. — Convert is generic, and refers to 
a change of mind or feelings; & proselyte is one 
who, leaving his former sect or system, becomes 
the adherent of another ; a pervert is one who is 
drawn off or perverted from the true faith. 

COX-YERT', v. t. To change from one thing, char- 
acter, state, religion, party, or sect, to another. 

€OX-VeRT-I-BiL'I-TY, J n. The being con- 

COX-VERT'-I-BLE-XESS,j vertible. 

COX-YeRT'I-BLE, a. That may be changed one 
for the other ; transmutable ; transformable. 

COX-VeRT'I-BLY, ad. In a changed form; in 
turn ; by interchange. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; \i"cxous. — c asK; g as j; s as z; en as su; mis. + Sot English. 



CON 



di 



COP 



CoN'VEX, a. Rising to a roundish form on the 
outside ; spherical ; opposed to concave. 

CON-V£X'I-TY, \ n. Spherical or globular form 

C6N'VEX-NESS,j on the outside; surface of a 
convex body. 

CdN'VEX-LY, ad. In a convex form. 

CON-VeX'O-CoN'CaVE, <a. Convex on one side 
and concave on the other. 

CON-VEX'O-CoN'VEX, n. Convex on both sides. 

CON-VEY' (kon-vaO, v. t. To carry; to bear; to 
transfer ; to transmit ; to pass or cause to pass. 

CON-VEY'A-BLE (-va'a-bl), a. That may be con- 
veyed. 

CON-VEY'ANCE (-va'ance), n. Act or means of 
conveying ; transmission ; assignment ; the pass- 
ing of propei-ty, titles, &c, from one to another; 
the writing by which property, &c, is transferred. 

CON-VEY'AN-CER (-vii'an-ser), n. One who 
draws deeds, conveyances of property, &c. 

CON-VEY'AN-CING (-va'an-sing), n. The act or 
business of drawing deeds or other writings for 
transferring property. [carries. 

€ON-VEY'ER (-va'er), n. One who conveys or 

CoN'VICT, n. A person found guilty of a crime. 

CON-VICT', v. t. To prove to be guilty ; to con- 
vince of sin. 

CON-VIC'TION, n. A proving guilty; a convinc- 
ing of sin by conscience ; sense of guilt ; satisfac- 
tion of the reason ; strong belief. 

CON-Vi€T'IVE, a. Adapted to convict. 

CON-VINCE', v. t. To satisfy as to the truth or 
fact ; to subdue by evidence. — Syn. To persuade. 
— To convince is an act of the understanding; to 
persuade, of the will or feelings. The one is ef- 
fected by argument, the other by motives. When 
we say, "I am persuaded it is so," "I can not 
persuade myself of the fact," there is a degree 
of feeling mingled with the conviction which 
gives rise to the expression. 

CON-VIXCE'MENT, n. Satisfaction by proof. 

CON-ViN'CI-BLE, a. That may be convinced. 

CON-ViN'CING-LY, ad. In a manner to persuade. 

CON-ViV'I-AL, a. Relating to a feast or enter- 
tainment; festive; social; jovial; gay. 

CON-VIV-1-a.L'I-TY, n. Festive mirth ; convivi- 
al disposition. 

CoN'VO-CaTE, v. t. To call together; to sum- 
mon ; to assemble by summons. 

€ON-VO-Ca'TION, n. The act of calling togeth- 
er; an assembly, especially of clergymen. — Syn. 
Meeting; convention; council; diet. 

CON-VoKE', v. t. To call together; to summon. 

CoN'VO-LuTE, \ a. Rolled together, or one 

CoN'VO-Lu-TED,{ part on another. 

CON-VO-Lu'TION, n. A rolling together; a wind- 
ing or twisting. [one part on another. 

CON-V6LVE', v. t. To roll or wind together, or 

CON-V6L'VU-LUS, n. Bindweed, agenusof plants. 

CON-VOY', v. t. To accompany for protection. 

CoN'VOY, n. Attendance of force for protection. 

CON-VuLSE', v. t. To draw or contract with 
shaking ; to affect by violent action. 

CON-VuL'SION, n. Violent spasm ; any irregular 
and violent motion ; commotion. 

CON-VuL'SlVE, a. Producing spasms; spasmod- 
ic ; attended with convulsions. 

Co'NY (ko'ny or kun'ny), n. A rabbit; a small 
quadruped. [Smart says the pronunciation kun'ny 
is not proper except in familiar talk.] 

COO, v. t. To make a noise as a dove. [a dove. 

COO'ING, n. Note of affection or invitation, as of 

COOK, n. One who dresses victuals for the table. 

COOK, v. t. To dress victuals for the table; to 
prepare for any purpose. [uals. 

COOK'ER-Y, n. The act or art of dressing vict- 

COOK'Y, n. A small cake moderately sweet. 

COOL, n. A moderate state of cold. 

COOL, a. Moderately cold ; of little affection or 
zeal. — Syn. Deliberate; impudent; indifferent. 

COOL, v. t. To make moderately cold ; to reduce | 



temperature; to allay or moderate, as excite- 
ment, passion, &c. ; v. i. to lose heat ; to grow 
moderately cold ; to grow moderate as to tem- 
per, affection, &c. 

COOL'ER, n. That which cools; any substance 
that abates heat; a vessel for cooling. 

COOL'-HkAD-ED (-hed-ed), a. Free from pas- 
sion ; not easily excited. 

COOL'ISH, a. Somewhat cool. 

COOL'LY, ad. Without heat or passion; with 
coolness; calmly; indifferently. 

COOL'NESS, n. Moderate cold; indifference; 
want of affection ; want of passion or ardor. 

COOL'Y, n. An East India carrier or porter. 

COOMB (koom), n. A corn-measure of four bush- 
els, [animals ; a barrel. 

COOP, n. A grated box or cage for fowls or small 

COOP, v. t To put in a coop ; to shut up ; to con- 
fine. 

COOP'ER n. A maker of barrels and other casks. 

COOP'ER-AgE, n. Price for coopers' work ; the 
business of a cooper. 

CO-oP'ER-aTE, v. i. To work or operate with 
others ; to act together. 

CO-OP-ER-a'TION, n. Joint labor or operation; 
concurrent effort. [end. 

CO-oP'ER-A-TIVE, a. Promotive of the same 

CO-oP'ER-a-TOR, n. One who jointly labors 
with another for the same end. 

CO-oR'DI-NATE, a. Holding the same rank. 

CO-oR'DI-NATE-LY, ad. With equal rank. 

CO-oR'DI-NATES, n. pi. The lines in geometry 
by which the position of any point is referred to 
certain other lines or axes. 

CO-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. The state of holding the 
same or equal rank. [foolish fellow. 

COOT, n. A water-fowl noted for stupidity; a 

CO-PaI'BA,J n. A liquid resinous juice obtained 

CO-PaI'VA,j from a tree in South America. 

Co'PAL, n. The concrete juice of a tree growing 
in Mexico, not strictly a gum nor a resin, used in 
varnishing. 

CO-PXR'CE-NA-RY, 1 n. Partnership in inherit- 

CO-PaR'CE-NY, j ance; joint right of suc- 
cession ; joint heirship. [a sharer. 

CO-PaRT'NER, n. A joint partner in business; 

CO-PXRT'NER-SHIP, n. Joint concern in busi- 
ness, [work. 

CoPE, n. A priest's cloak ; a hood ; a cover ; arch- 

CoPE, v. t. To cover, as with a cope. 

CoPE, v. i. To equal in combat or a trial of any 
kind ; to oppose with success ; followed by with. 
— Syn. To contend; strive; encounter; match. 

CoP'ING, n. The upper part or sloping cover of 
a wall. 

Co'PI-OUS, a. In great quantities; rich in sup- 
plies. — Syn. Ample ; abundant ; plentiful ; exu- 
berant. ' [ply; fully. 

Co'PI-OUS-LY, ad. Plentifully; abundantly; am- 

CoPP2?D (kopt), a. Rising to a top or head. 

CoP'PER, n. A metal of a reddish color ; a large 
copper boiler. 

CoP'PER, v. t. To cover with sheets of copper. 

CoP'PER- A S,_n. Sulphate of iron; green vitriol. 

CoP'PER-PLaTE, n. A plate of copper engraved, 
or an impression from it. 

CoP'PER-SMITH, 11. One who works in copper. 

C5PTER-Y, a. Tasting of or like copper. 

C5p's^f CE '}' n. A wood of small growth. 

CoP'PL^D (kop'pld), a. Rising to a point. 
CoPT'IC, n. The language of the Copts. 
CoP'u-LA, n. In logic, the word Avhich unites the 

subject_and the predicate. [to unite sexually. 
CoP'u-LaTE, v. t. To unite ; to join in pairs ; v. i. 
COP-u-La'TION, n. Act of embracing in pairs ; a 

coupling. [copulative conjunction. 

CoP'u-LA-TiVE, a. That unites or couples ; n. a 
CoP'Y, n. A transcript or imitation of an original ; 

a single book, as a copy of Shakspeare; manu- 



1, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — oaee, fak, last, fall, ■what; theee, teem; marine, hied; move, 



COP 



COR 



script for printing; writing to be imitated; the 
autograph. 

CoP'Y, v. t. To transcribe ; to imitate ; to paint or 
draw according to an original ; to attempt to re- 
semble ; v. i. to imitate ; to act or do in imita- 
tion of; followed by from or after. [imitate. 

CoP'Y-BOOK, n. A book of copies for learners to 

C6P'Y-ER, 'n. One who copies or transcribes. 
Copier is a less regular form. [of record. 

CoP'Y-HoLD, n. A tenure in England by copy 

C6P'Y-IST, n. One who transcribes or copies. 

CoP'Y-RlGHT (-rite), n. The sole right of an au- 
thor or his assignee to print and publish a book. 

CoP'Y-RIGrHT-LD, (-ri-ted), a. Secured by copy- 
right or law. 

CO-QUeT' (ko-k<ft , v. t. To encourage a lover and 
then reject him ; to excite admiration or love from 
vanity, or to deceive; v. i. to trifle in love; to 
treat with insincere marks of affection. 

CO-QUeT'RY (ko-k5t'iy), n. Attempt to attract 
admiration from vanity ; a trifling in love. 

CO-QUeTTE' (ko-ket'), n. A jilting girl; a vain, 
deceitful, and trifling woman. 

CO-QUeT'TISH (ko-ket'ish), a. Practicing co- 
quetry. 

CoR'AL, n. A calcareous marine production, va- 
rious in form, secreted by polyps; a child's or- 
nament. 

CoR'AL-LiNE, a. Consisting of coral ; like coral. 

CoR'AL-LOID, I a. Having the form of, or 

€OR-AL-LOID'AL,j branching like coral. 

C6RB, n. A basket used in coaleries; an orna- 
ment in a building. 

CoRB'AN, n. A gift ; an alms-basket ; an alms. 

CoR'BEIL (kor'bel), n. In fortification, a little bask- 
et of earth to protect from the fire of an enemy. 

€5 R' BEL, 11. In architecture, the representation 
of a basket ; the vase of a Corinthian column ; a 
niche in a wall. [containing 128 cubic feet. 

CoRD, n. A line or small rope ; a measure of wood 

CoRD, v. t. To tie or bind with a cord; to pile 
wood for measure. [quantity of cords or i-opes. 

CoRD'AoE, n. The ropes of a ship in general ; a 

CoRD'ATE,_«. Having the form of a heart. 

COR-DE-LIeR' (-leer'), n. A Franciscan friar, so 
named from the knotted cord worn by him as a 
cincture. 

CoR'DI-AL, n. An exhilarating or strengthening 
liquor: aromatized and sweetened spirits; any 
thing that cheers or comforts. 

CoR'DI-AL, a. With warmth of heart ; reviving 
the spirits. — Syn. Hearty; sincere; affectionate. 

COR-DI-aL'1-TY, n. Sincerity ; warm affection. 

CoR'DON, n. A row of stones in a fortification; a 
line of military posts or troops. 

COR-DU-ROY', n. Thick cotton stuff ribbed. 

CoRD'WaIN, n. A kind of Spanish leather. 

CoRD'WaIN-ER, n. A shoemaker. 

CoRF^ n. The heart or inner part. 

CO-Re'gENT, n. A joint regent or ruler. 

CO-RE-La'TION, n. Corresponding relation. 

CO-RI-a'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. Consisting of or like 
leather. 

CO-RI-aN'DER, n. A plant and its aromatic seed. 

CoRK, n. A tree, or its bark ; a stopper of cork. 

CORK, v. t. To stop with a cork. 

C6RK'ING-PiN, n. A pin of a large size. 

CoRK'-SCRE W (-skrft), n. A screw to draw corks. 

CoR'MO-RANT, n. A genits of sea-birds of the 
pelican kind ; the water-raven ; a glutton. 

CoKN, n. The edible grains in general; a single 
seed of grain ; maize ; the plant which produces 
maize or other corn ; a hard excrescence on the 
feet. [granulate. 

C5RN, v. t. To sprinkle or preserve with salt ; to 

CoRN'-CHaND-LER, n. A dealer in corn. 

CoR'NE-A, n. The homy, transparent membrane 
of the forepart of the eye. 

€oRNI?D (kornd), a. Sprinkled with salt ; cured 
by salt ; drunk. [LoiC] 



CoR'NEL, n. A tree ; the cornelian cherry. 

CoR'NE-OUS, a. Homy; like horn; hard. 

CoR'NER, 11. An angle; a secret place. 

CoR'NER-SToNE, n. The stone which lies at the 
corner of two walls and unites them. [front. 

CoR'NER-WI$E, ad. Diagonally ; with corner in 

CoR'NET, n. A musical wind-instrument ; an of- 
ficer of cavalry who bears the ensign of a troop. 

C6R'NET-CY, n. The office or rank of a cornet. 

CoR'NiCE (kor'nis), n. The upper member of the 
entablature of a column; a little projection in 
joinery or masonry. [maize. 

C6RN '-STALK (-stauk), n. A stalk or stem of 

C6R-NU-Co'PI-A, n. The horn of plenty. 

CORN'Y, a. Strong ; stiff; hard ; like horn ; pro- 
ducing or containing corn. 

CoR'OL, I n. The inner covering of a flower, 

CO-R6L'LA,f consisting of petals/ 

COR-OL-La'CEOUS (-la'shus), a. Consisting of 
or relating to a corol. 

€6R'OL-LA-RY, n. An inference from a preced- 
ing proposition ; a surplus. 

CO-Ro'NA, n. In architecture, a flat member of 
the cornice crowning the entablature {: in botany, 
the margin of a radiated compound flower; in 
optics, a halo around the sun or moon ; an ap- 
parent radiation of auroral light from that part 
of the heavens to which the dipping-needle points. 

CoR'O-NAL, n. A crown ; chaplet ; garland ; a. 
pertaining to the top of the head, or to a corona. 

CoR'O-NA-RY, a. Of or placed as a crown. 

COR-0-Na'TION, n. Act or ceremony of crown- 
ing, as a king. 

C6R'0-NER, n. An officer who inquires into the 
cause of an untimely death. [bleman. 

CoR'O-NET, n. An inferior crown worn by a no- 

CoR'PO-RAL, n. An inferior military officer 
next below a sergeant. [Corjiorcal, which see. 

C5R'PO-RAL, a. Pertaining to the body.— Syn. 

CoR'PO-RAL-LY, ad. Bodily : in a body. 

COR'PO-RATE, a. United in a community or 
body ; collectively one. 

COR-PO-Ra'TION, n. A body corporate or poli- 
tic, constituted by law, and authorized to act as a 
single person. [tion. 

€6R'PO-Ra-TOR, n. The member of a corpora- 

COR-Po'RE-AL, a. Having a body; consisting 
of a material body ; not spiritual. — Syn. Bodi- 
ly; corporal. — Bodily is opposed to mental; cor- 
poreal refers to the interior animal structure, 
as corporeal substance or frame ; corporal refers 
more to the exterior, as corporal punishment. 
To speak of corporeal punishment is now a gross 
error. 

COR-PO-Re'I-TY, n. Bodily substance; materi- 
ality ; the state of having a body. 

CoRPS (kore), n. [i?V.] A body of troops. 

CoRPSE, n. The dead body of a human being. 

CoR'PU-LENCE, > n. Fleshiness; excessive fat- 

CoR'PU-LEN-CY, j ness; grossness. 

CoR'PU-LENT, a. Very fleshy ; gross ; fat. 

C6R'PUS-CLE (kor'pus-sl), n. An atom; a fine 
particle. 

COR-POS'CU-LAR, a. ' Pertaining to corpuscles. 

COR-R£CT', v. t. To make right ; to free from 
faults or crimes. — Syn. To amend; to punish; to 
chastise ; to counteract. 

COR-ReCT', a. Exact ; accurate ; right ; free 
from faults; conformable to a proper rule or 
standard. See Accusate. 
COR-ReC'TION, n. The act of correcting; re- 
trenchment of faults; that which is substituted 
in the place of what is erroneous; that which is 
intended to rectify or to cure faults; that which 
corrects; discipline; punishment. 
COR-RfiC'TION-AL, a. Intended for correction ; 

tending to correct. 
COR-ReCT'iVE, a. Tending or having power to 
correct or amend ; n. that which corrects or which 
has the quality of obviating what is wrong. 



dove, wolf, book ; kuxe, bull ; vi"cxous. — o as K ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; tjiis. * Xot English. 



COR 



96 



COU 



COR-ReGT'LY, ad. In a correct manner; exact- 
ly; accurately; justly. 

COR-ReCT'NESS, n. Conformity to truth, or to 
a just rule or standard. — Syn. Accuracy; exact- 
ness; precision. 

COR-ReCT'OR, n. He or that which corrects. 

CoR'RE-LATE, n. A correlative. 

COR-RE-La'TION, n. Reciprocal relation. 

COR-ReL'A-TIVE, a. Having a reciprocal rela- 
tion, as the terms father and son ; n. that which 
is opposed in a reciprocal relation. 

€OR-RE-SP0ND', v. i. To suit; to agree; to he 
congruous; to be adequate or proportioned; to 
write to ; to keep up intercourse with by letters. 
— Syn. Correspond with ; correspond to. — We cor- 
respond with a friend by letters ; one thing cor- 
responds to another, i. e., answers to it. 

COR-RE-SPoND'ENCE, n. Relation; cnutual 
adaptation ; agreement ; interchange of epistles ; 
the letters interchanged ; intercourse. 

COR-RE-SPoND'ENT, a. Suited; answerable; 
agreeable; congruous. 

COR-RE-SP6ND'ENT, n. One who corresponds 
or Avho has intercourse by letters. 

€6R'RI-DoR, n. A gallery round a house. 

C6R'RI-Gl-BLE, a. That may be amended. 

COR-RoB'O-RANT, a. Strengthening; confirm- 
ing, [firm or give additional strength to. 

COR-RoB'O-RaTE, v. t. To strengthen; to con- 

COR-ROB-O-Ra'TION, n. Act of confirming. 

COR-R6B'0-RA-TIVE, a. Tending to strengthen 
or confirm. [grees. 

COR-RoDE', v. t. To eat away or consume by de- 

COR-Ro'DENT, a. Having the power of coi'rod- 
ing ; n. any substance that corrodes. 

COR-Ro'DI-BLE, a. That may be corroded. 

COR-Ro'SION (-ro'zhun), n. Act of eating away. 

COR-Ro'SiVE, a. Eating gradually ; consuming ; 
impairing. [rosive. 

COR-Ro'SiVE-LY, ad. By corrosion; like a cor- 

CoR'EU-GaTE, v. t. To wrinkle ; to contract. 

COR-RU-Ga'TION, n. Contraction into wrinkles. 

COR-RuPT', v. t. To make putrid or putrescent; 
to spoil ; to deprave ; to vitiate ; to destroy in- 
tegrity ; to debase ; to bribe ; to falsify ; v. i. to 
become putrid ; to putrefy ; to lose purity. 

COR-RuPT', a. Changed from a sound to a putrid 
or debased state; greatly debauched ; full of er- 
rors or mistakes. — Syn. Putrid; tainted; viti- 
ated; wicked; spoiled. 

COR-RuPT'ER, n. One who corrupts; one who 
bribes ; that which depraves or destroys integrity. 

COR-RUPT-I-BiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being cor- 
rupted ; susceptibility of corruption. [ed. 

COR-RuPT'I-BLE, a. Capable of being corrupt- 

COR-ROP'TION (-riip'shun), n. The act of cor- 
rupting or state of being corrupt ; putrefaction ; 
putrid matter ; decay; depravity of morals ; per- 
version of principles ; loss of integrity ; debase- 
ment; taint. 

COR-RuPT'iVE, a. Tending to corrupt or taint. 

COR-RuPT'LY, ad. In a corrupt manner; with 
depravity ; wickedly. [pravity of principles. 

COR-RCPT'NESS, n. State of being corrupt ; de- 

+COR-SXGE' (kor-sazh'), n. The front part of a 
lady's dress covering the bust. 

CoR'SAlR, n. A pirate or piratical vessel ; a rob- 
ber on the ocean. [corpse. 

CoRSE, n. The dead body of a human being ; a 

CoRSE'LET, n. A light cuirass; armor for the 
breast. 

CoR'SET, n. A bodice or stays worn by ladies. 

+C6R'TEGE (kor'tazhe), n. [i*V.] A train of at- 
tendants, [external covering. 

CoR'TI-CAL, a. Barky; belonging to bark or the 

CoR'TI-CoSE, a. Full of bark; barky. 

CO-RuS'CANT, a. Flashing; shining. 

CoR'US-CaTE, v. i. To throw off vivid flashes 
of light ; to flash ; to lighten. [flash ; glitter. 

COR-US-Ca'TION, n. The flashing of light ; a 



COR-VeTTE', n. A sloop of war ranking next be- 

Jow a frigate ; an advice-boat. 
Co'SEY (ko'zy), a. Snug; comfortable; chatty. 
Cu'ST-LY, ad. Snugly; comfortable. 
COS-MeT'IC, a. Promoting beauty ; n. a wash to 

improve beauty. 
€6S'MIC-AL, a. Relating to the world; rising 

and setting with the sun. [the world. 

CO$-M6G'0-NY, n. Science of the formation of 
CO$-M6G'RA-PHER, n. A describer of the world. 
COS-MO-GRaPH'IC, \ a. Relating to the de- 
€OS-MO-GRaPH'I€-AL,j scription of the world. 
€0$-M6G'RA-PHY, n. Description of the world. 
COS-MSL'0-GlST, n. One who describes the 

world; one versed in cosmology. 
COS-MoL'O-GY, n. The science of the world ; a 

treatise on the structure of the world. 
€OS-MO-PoL'I-TAN,"f n. A person who has no 
€0$-MoP'0-LlTE, j fixed residence ; a citizen 

of the world ; one of enlarged feelings embracing 

the whole race. 
COS-MO-Ra'MA, n. A picturesque exhibition of 

drawings viewed through a convex lens. 
CoS'SET, n. A lamb brought up by hand ; a pet. 
COST (20), n. Price paid ; charge ; expense ; loss. 
Co ST, v. t. To require to be given or expended for. 
CoS'TAL, a. Pertaining to the ribs. 
CoS'TlVE, a. Bound in body; constipated. 
CoST'LY, a. Expensive; of great price ; dear. 
COS-TuME', n. Established mode of dress; in 

painting, the adaptation of all the details of a 

picture to characters, the time, place, &c. 

CoT ) 

,,- . ' \ n. A small house ; a hut ; a shed or fold. 

CoT, > n. A small bed ; a bed frame suspended; 
C6TT, j cover for a finger. 
CO-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, ) a. Being at the same 
CO-TeM'PO-RA-RY, j time. 

CO-TeM'PO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the 

same time with another. 
CO-TE-RIe' (ko-te-ree'), n. 

friends; a club. 

CoT'TAgE, n. A hut ; 
small dwelling. 

CoT'TA-gER, n. One living 

CoT'TER, n. A cottager. 

CoT'TON (kot'tn), n. A fine wool-like substance 
growing in the pods of the cotton-plant; cloth 
made of cotton ; a. made of cotton. 

CoT'TON, v. i. To adhere to or like.— Swift. 

CoT'TON-WOOD, n. A tree of the poplar kind. 

COT-Y-Le'DON, n. The perishable lobe of the 
seeds of plants. 

COT-Y-LeD'O-NOUS, a. Having a seed lobe. 

COUCH, v. i. To lie or squat down ; to lie down, 
as a beast ; to lie in ambush ; to stoop, as in fear 
or under a burden ; v. t. to lay close ; to hide ; to 
comprise ; to express ; to place in rest ; to remove 
a cataract in the eye by a particular process. 

COUCH, n. A seat for ease; a bed; a layer. 

COUCH'ANT, a. Squatting ; lying down ; in her- 
aldry, lying down with the head raised. 

COUGH (kauf), n. Effort of the lungs to throw 
off offending matter. 

COUGH (kauf), v. i. To make a violent expulsion 
of air from the lungs with noise ; v. t. to expel by 
coughing ; to expectorate. 

CoUL'TER. See Colter. 

COUN'CIL, n. An assembly for consultation. 

loSS'cS^Di} n - A member of couflcil - 

COUN'SEL, n. Advice ; consultation ; delibera- 
tion ; prudence ; those who give counsel ; an ad- 
vocate. 

COUN'SEL, v. t. To advise; to exhort; to warn. 

COUN'SEL-OR, n. One who gives advice ; a legal 
advocate. 

COUNT, v. t. To number; to reckon; to tell; to 



A select party of 

A brisk dance 

of eight persons. 

an humble habitation ; a 

in a cottage. 



{"' 



I, e, &c, long.— a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



cou 



97 



COU 



esteem ; v. i. to account ; to swell the number or 
count ; to reckon or rely on. 

COUNT, n. Reckoning ; number; part of a decla- 
ration ; a title of nobility. 

COUN'TE-NANCE, n. The expression or appear- 
ance of the human face ; air ; look ; appearance ; 
support; aid; patronage. 

€OUN'TE-NANCE, v. t. To support ; to favor ; to 
encourage ; to vindicate by any means. 

COUNT'ER, n. That which keeps a reckoning; 
one who reckons; a shop-table. 

COUNT'ER, ad. Contrary; in opposition. 

COUN-TER-aCT', v. t. To act in opposition to; 
to hinder ; to withstand ; to frustrate. [erance. 

COUN-TER- ACTION, n. Opposite action ; hind- 

COUX-TER-aCT'iVE, a. Tending to counteract; 
n. one who or that which counteracts. 

COUX'TER-BaL-ANCE, n. Opposite weight ; 
equivalent power. 

COUN-TER-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To balance by 
weight in the opposite scale ; to act against with 
equal weight or power; to be equivalent to. 

COUN'TER-CHaRaI, n. That which opposes a 
charm. 

COUN'TER-CHkCK, n. A stop; rebuke; reproof. 

COUN-TER-DRASY', v. t. To copy a drawing by 
tracing through transparent paper. 

COUN'TER-FEIT (koun'ter-fit), a. Forged ; made 
like the original or genuine, with intent to pass 
for it; deceitful. 

COUN'TER-FEIT, n. A forgery; a copy made to 
deceive; a cheat; an impostor. 

COUN'TER-FEIT, v. t. To forge; to make a copy 
or imitation with a view to deceive ; to feign ; to 
imitate. 

COUN'TER-FEIT-ER, n. One who counterfeits. 

COUN'TER-MaND, n. A contrary order. 

€OUN-TEBrMAND', v. t. To give contrary or- 
ders ; to revoke a former order. 

COUN-TER-MaRCH', v. t. To change the wings 
of a battalion so as to bring the right to the left, 
and the front to the rear. 

COUN'TER-M ARCH, n. A change in the wings or 
face of a battalion. 

COUN'TER-M ARK, n. A check -mark; a second 
or third mark on goods; a counterfeit of the nat- 
ural mark of a horse's teeth, [to oppose another. 

COUN'TER-MINE, n. A subterraneous passage 

COUN-TER-MINE', v. t. To run an opposing sub- 
terranean passage or mine ; to counterwork ; to 
defeat. [opposition to another. 

COUN'TER-MoVE-MENT, n. A movement in 

€OUX'TER-PaXE, n. The cover of a bed. 

COUN'TER-PART, n. The corresponding part ; a 
duplicate. 

COUN'TER-PLeA, n. A replication in law. 

COUN'TER-PLoT, n. A plot against a plot. 

€OUX'TER-POIXT, n. A coverlet; opposite point; 
in music, the science of harmony. 

COUN'TER-POISE, v. t. To counterbalance ; to 
weigh against with equal weight. 

COUN'TER-POISE, n. A weight to balance an- 
other ; equiponderance ; a force or power suffi- 
cient to balance another. 

COUN-TER-REV-O-Lu'TION, n. A change to a 
former state of things ; a revolution reversing a 
previous one. 

€OUX'TER-S€XRP, n. In fortification, the exte- 
rior talus orslope of the ditch. 

COUN'TER-SEAL, v. t. To seal with another. 

COUN'TER-SIGN (-sine), v. t To sign as secreta- 
ry, or other subordinate officer, a writing which 
has been signed by the principal or superior. 
Bank notes are signed by the president, and 
counter sinned by the cashier. 

COUN'TER-SiGN, n. A military watchword ; the 
signature of a subordinate, in addition to that of 
the principal or superior. 

COUN'TER-SfNK, v. t To sink into a cavity so 
as not to project, as the head of a screw,. &c. 



€OUX'TER-SiXK, n. A drill or tool for counter- 
sinking. 

€OUN-TER-T£N'OR,? n. High tenor in music ; 

COUN'TER, j a part between the tenor 

and treble. 

COUN-TER-VaIL', v. t. To balance ; to compen- 
sate ; to act with equivalent effect, [position to. 

COUN-TER-YVoRK' (-wurkO, v. t. To work in op- 

COUNT'ESS, n. The lady of a count or earl. 

€OUNT'ING-HOUSE,t «. A room or house ap- 

COUNT'ING-ROOM, f propriated to the keep- 
ing of books, papers, and accounts. 

COUNT'LESS, a. Numberless; infinite. 

COuN'TRY (kun'try), n. Land around a city; the 
territo y of a kingdom or state ; native land. 

COuN'TRY (kun'try), a. Belonging to the coun- 
try; rustic. 

COuN 'TRY-MAN, n. One of the same country; 
a rustic; a farmer or husbandman. 

COuN'TRY-SkAT, n. A residence in the country, 
used as a place of retirement from the city. 

GOUN'TY, n. A shire; a division of a state. 

OOlP'LE (kiip 'pi), n. A pair; a brace; two of a 
sort. 

€OuP'LE (kup'pl), v. t. To join one thing to an- 
other ; to marry ; v. i. to embrace. 

€OuP'LET (kiip'let), n. Two verses; a pair. 

COuP'LING, n. That which couples or connects. 

-CoL'PON (koo'pon), n. An interest certificate at- 
tached to a transferable bond. 

€0uR'A6E (kiir'aje), n. The quality which leads 
men to meet danger without fear or shrinking. — 
Sy>\ Bravery; intrepidity; valor; boldness; dar- 
ing. _See Bravery. 

COcR-a'gEOUS, a. Brave; bold; daring. 

€0uR-a'gE0US-LY, ad. Bravely; boldly; hero- 
ically, [haste; a newspaper. 

€oU'RI-ER_(koo're-er), n. A messenger sent in 

CoURSE (korce), n. A passing or running ; a race ; 
place of running ; a passage ; direction of motion ; 
order; class; series; line of conduct; a range of 
stone or brick of the same height ; a service of 
_dishes. 

CoURSE, v. t. To hunt; to run; to pursue: to run 
_through or over ; v. i. to run ; to move with speed. 

CoURS'ER,«. A race-horse; a racer; a hunter. 

CoURS'ES, n. %>l. The principal sails of a ship. 

CoURS'ING, n. The sport of hunting hares, &c. 

CoURT, n. A yard or inclosed area adjoining a 
house ; a recess from a street ; a palace ; the hall 
where justice is administered ; persons who com- 
pose the retinue or council of a king ; persons or 
judges assembled for hearing and deciding caus- 
es ; the art of pleasing ; civility ; address to gain 
favor. [riage ; to endeavor to gain by address. 

CoURT, v. t. To make love; to solicit in mar- 

CoURT'-DaY, n. A day in which a court sits for 
administering justice. 

COuRT'E-OUS (kiirt'e-us), a. Exhibiting courte- 
sy; of kind and polished deportment. — Syn. Civ- 
il ; polite ; complaisant ; affable ; urbane. 

COuRT'E-OUS-LY (kurt'e-us-), ad. In a courteous 
manner; civilly; politely. [prostitute. 

COuRT'E-SAN (kiirt'e-zan), n. A lewd woman ; a 

COuRT'E-SY (kurt'e-sy), n. Civility; politeness; 
kind treatment ; good breeding. 

COuRTE'SY (kurt'sy), n. An expression of re- 
spect or civility by females, consisting in a slight 
bending of the knees or inclination of the body ; 
v. i. to perform the act of respect or revei'ence as 
a female. 

CoURT'-HAND, n. A hand used in records. 

CoURT'IER (kort'yur), n. An attendant on a 
court ; one who flatters to please. 

CoURT'ING, n. The act of paying court. 

CoURT'LlKE, a. Polite ; well-bred ; civil. 

CoURT'LI-NESS, n. Elegance of manners; com- 
plaisance with dignity ; civility. 

CoURT'LY, a. Relating to a court ; polite ; ele- 
gant; flattering. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; BULB, BTJLL ; Vl"CIOUS. — G aS K ; 

G 



as 3 ; s as z ; ch as sh ; mis. + Not English. 



cou 



08 



CEA 



CoURT'-MXR'TIAL, n. ; pi Coerts'-Mar'tial. 
A court consisting of military or naval officers, 
for the trial of military or naval offenses. 

CoURT'-PLAS-TER, n. Black silk, adhesive on 
one side, for covering slight injuries. 

CoURT'SHIP, n. Solicitation in marriage; the 
act of soliciting favor or of wooing. 

COuSTN (kiiz'zn), n. The child of an uncle or 
aunt ; one collaterally related ; more remotely re- 
lated than a brother or sister. 

COuS'IN-GER'MAN, n. A first cousin. 

CoVE, n. A small creek, inlet, or bay; a recess in 
a shore sheltered from winds and waves. 

Co V'E-NANT (kuv'e-nant), n. A mutual agree- 
ment. — Syn. Contract, which see. 

CoV'E-NANT (kuv'e-nant), v. i. To make a formal 
agreement ; to contract ; to bargain ; to stipu- 
late ; v. t. to grant or promise by covenant. 

CoV-E-NANT-EE', n. One to whom a covenant 
is made. 

CoV'E-NANT-ER, n. One who makes a covenant. 

€6VER (kiiv'er), v. t. To spread over; to hide; 
to conceal ; to shelter ; to protect ; to brood ; to 
clothe ; to include or comprehend. 

COVER (kiiv'er), n. That which overspreads; 
shelter; concealment; protection; pretense; a 
plate set on the table. 

CoV'ER-ING, n. That which covers or conceals. 

COVER-LET, n. An upper bed cover. [guised. 

COVERT (kuv'ert), a. Covered ; hid ; secret ; dis- 

COVERT (kuv'ert), n. A shelter ; a thicket ; a de- 
fense. 

CO VERT- LY, ad. Secretly; privately; closely. 

COVERT-uRE (kuv'ert-yur), n. Covering; shel- 
ter ; the state of a married woman, who is consid- 
ered as under cover, or the power of her husband. 

COVET (kuv'et), v. t. or i. To desire earnestly or 
inordinately. — Syn. To long for ; hanker after. 

COV'ET-OUS (kuv'et-us), a. Eager to gain and 
save property ; inordinately desirous. 

€OV'ET-OUS-LY, ad. Greedily; with eagerness 
to save or possess. 

COVET-OUS-NESS (kuv'et-), n. Inordinate de- 
sire of gain. — Syn. Avarice ; cupidity. 

COVEY (kiiv'y), n. A brood of birds ; a hatch. 

COVIN (kuv'in), n. Deceitful agreement; collu- 
sion, [of the bovine genus of animals. 

•COW, n. ; pi. -Cows; old pi. Kinb. The female 

COW, V. t. To dispirit ; to depress with timidity. 

COWARD, n. One deficient in courage. — Syn. 
Craven ; poltroon; dastard. — Coward is supposed 
to have been originally turn-tail (culum-vertere) ; 
a craven is literally one who begs of, or shrinks 
at the approach of danger; a. poltroon (paltry) is 
a mean spirited coward ; dastard is one of the 
strongest terms of reproach in our language. 

COWARD, a. Destitute of courage ; base. 

COWARD-iCE, n. Want of courage.— Syn. Ti- 
midity ; pusillanimity. [ting a coward. 

CO WARD-LY, a. Meanly timid ; fearful ; befit- 

COWARD-LY, ad. With mean timidity. 

COW'GATCH-ER, n. An iron frame-work in front 
of a locomotive just above the track, for catching 
and throwing off obstructions from a rail-road. 

COWER, v. i. To sink by bending the knees; to 
crouch. 

COWHERD, n. One who takes care of cows. 

COWHIDE, n. The hide of a cow ; a coarse whip 
made of cowhide. 

COWHIDE, v. t. To beat with a cowhide. 

COWL, n. A monk's hood ; a circumgyrating hood 
on the top of a chimney to prevent smoking. 

COWLICK, n. A tuft df hair turned over the fore- 
head, which appears as if licked by a cow. 

COWL'-STAFF, n. A staff for supporting a ves- 
sel between two persons. 

COWPOX, n. The vaccine disease. 

COWRY, n. A small shell used for coin in Africa 
and the East. [the genus primula. 

COWSLIP, n. A plant bearing yellow flowers, of 



COX'CoMB (-kome), n. The caruncle of a cock ; a 
fop ; a red flower. [foppishness. 

CGX'CoMB-RY, n. The manners of a coxcomb; 

COX-C6M'IC-AL, a. Conceited ; foppish ; pert. 

COY, a. Shrinking from familiarity. — Syn. Mod- 
est; reserved; retiring; shy; distant; bashful. 

COY'ISH, a. Somewhat shy ; reserved. 

COY'LY, ad. With reserve; shyly; modestly. 

COY'NESS, n. Shyness of familiarity; reserve. 

COZ'EN (kiiz'zn), v. t. To cheat; to defraud; to 
beguile. [knave. 

COZ'EN-ER (kuz'zn-er), n. One who cheats; a 

Cc/ZI-LY, ad. Snugly; comfortably. 

Co'ZY, a. Snug ; comfortable ; talkative. 

CRAB, n. A crustaceous fish, the cray-fish ; a wild 
apple; a peevish person; a species of crane or 
capstan ; a wooden engine used in launching ; 
Cancer, a sign of the zodiac ; a. sour ; austere. 

CRAB'BED, a. Harsh ; with bitterness, like a 
crab-apple. — Syn. Peevish ; sour ; rough ; aus- 
tere ; morose ; difficult. 

CRAB'BED-LY, ad. Peevishly ; morosely. 

CRACK, n. A sudden sharp noise ; a fissure ; a dis- 
ruption ; a boaster. 

CRACK, v. t. To break into chinks; to split; to 
break partially ; to produce a sharp, abrupt sound ; 
to disorder; to make crazy; v. i. to burst; to 
open in chinks ; to emit a sharp, sudden sound ; 
to boast ; with of. 

CRACK, a. Superior; first-rate. [Low 1 .] 

CRACK'-BRaIN^D (-brand), a. Having the un- 
derstanding or intellect impaired. 

CRACK'ER, n. A firework; a boaster; a hard 
biscuit ; that which cracks any thing. 

CRACK'LE (krak'kl), v. i. To make sharp sudden 
noises ; to decrepitate. [sounds. 

GRACK'LING, n. Crepitation; frequent sharp 

CRa'DLE, n. A bed or crib on rockers for chil- 
dren ; an instrument for cutting and laying 
grain ; a frame placed under the bottom of a ship 
for launching ; a case for a broken limb ; infancy. 

CRa'DLE, v. t. To lay or rock in a cradle ; to cut 
and lay with a cradle. 

CRAFT (6), n. Art; trade; cunning; dexterity; 
artifice ; small vessels ; vessels in general. 

CRAFT'1-LY, ad. With cunning; arfully; slyly. 

CRAFT'I-NESS, ii. Artifice; cunning; strata- 
gem. 

CRAFTS'MAN, n. An artificer; a mechanic. 

CRAFT'Y, a. Cunning; subtle; artful; sly. 

CRAG, n. A steep rugged rock ; in geology, a de- 
posit of gravel with shells; nape of the neck. 

GRAG'GED,^ a. Full of crags; rough; rugged, 

CKAG'GY, j with broken rocks. 

CRAM, v. t. To stuff; to force down ; to fill to su- 
perfluity ; to crowd ; v. i. to eat greedily or be- 
yond satiety ; to stuff. 

CRAMP, n. Spasm ; a painful spasmodic contrac- 
tion of muscles; restraint; confinement; apiece 
of iron for holding timbers or stones together. 

CRAMP, v. t. To confine ; to hinder ; to stop ; to 
affect with spasms. 

CRAMP'-FiSH, n. The torpedo or electric ray. 

CRAM-POONB', n. pi. Iron works for hoisting 
boxes, &c. [swamps, used for a sauce. 

CRaN'BER-RY, n. An acid berry growing in 

CRaNE, n. A migratory fowl; a machine for 
raising and moving weights ; a siphon or crooked 
p^pe. 

CRaNE'S'-BiLL, n. Plants of the genus gerani- 
um ; a pair of pincers. 

CRa'NI-AL, a. Belonging to the cranium or skull. 

CRa-NI-6L'0-gIST, n. One who is versed in the 
science of the cranium. 

CRa-NI-6L'0-gY, n. The science which investi- 
gates the form of the skull and its relation to the 
faculties of the mind ; phrenology. 

CRa-NI-oM'E-TER, n. An instrument for meas- 
uring the skulls of animals. 

The skull. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, £, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; theee, ter.m; marine, bird; move, 



CEA 



99 



CUE 



CRANK, ft. The end of an axis bent for produc- 
ing rotary motion instead of alternating or the re- 
verse ; a bend or turn ; a twisting or turning. 

•CRANK, a. Bold; stout; easily overset. 

CRANK'LE (krank'kl), v. t. To crinkle ; to break 
into bends or angles. 

CRANK'LE, ft. A bend or turn ; a crinkle. 

CRAN'NY, ft. A chink; fissure; crevice; crack; 
ajiole ; a secret place. 

€RaPE, n. A thin stuff used in mourning, &c. 

CRAP'u-LENT,\ a. Drunken; surcharged with 

€ RAP'c-LO US,j liquor. 

•CRASH, v. i. To make loud, multifarious sounds, 
as of things breaking. 

CRASH, ft. A loud, mixed sound, as of things fall- 
ing and breaking ; coarse hempen cloth. 

CRASH'ING, ft. A violent, mingled sound of 
things breaking ; a repeated or prolonged crash. 

CRASS, a. Gross; thick; coarse. 

CRASS'A-MENT, ft. The red, thick part of blood. 

CRASS'I-TuDE, ft. Grossness ; thickness ; coarse- 
ness. 

CRATCH'ES, ft. A swelling on a horse's pastern. 

CRATE, ft. A hamper of wicker-work for earthen- 
ware. 

CRa'TER, n. The mouth of a volcano. [cup. 

CRA-T£R'I-FORM, a. Of the form, of a crater or 

CRaUNCH (kranch), v. t. To chew; to crush 
with the teeth ; to chew with violence and noise. 

CRA-VAT', ft. A neckcloth for men. 

CRAVE, v. t. To ask earnestly ; to long for ; some- 
times intransitively with for. — Svn*. To beg; be- 
seech ; entreat ; implore ; solicit. 

CRa'VEN (kra'vn), n. A coward; a spiritless fel- 
lo_w See Cowaed. 

CRA'VEN, a. Cowardly; spiritless; base. 

CRAVING, ft. Urgent desire for; longing for. 

CRaV'ING, a. Importunate; greatly longing for; 
demanding gratification. 

CI; AW. ft. The crop or first stomach of fowls. 

€RAW-FlSH,t ft. A crustaceous fish of the same 

CRaY'-FISH, 7" genus with the lobster. 

CRAWL, v. i. To creep; to move as a worm; to 
move slowly or feebly ; to have the sensation of 
insects creeping on the body. 

CRAY'-FISH. Set Ceaw-fish. 

CRaY'ON, ft. A colored pencil used in drawing ; 
a drawing or design in crayon. 

CRAY'ON, v. t. To sketch with a crayon. 

CRaZE, v. t. To break; to crack the brain; to 
impair the intellect. 

CRa'ZI-NESS, ft. State of being deranged in in- 
tellect ; feebleness ; derangement 

CRA'ZY, a. Broken; weak; deranged; mad; in- 
sane. See I>sa>-e. 

CReAK, v. i. To make a harsh, grating sound. 

CReAK'ING, ft. A harsh, grating sound. 

CREAM, ft. The oily part of milk ; best part of a 
thing. [thing. 

CREAM, v. t. To take off cream or the best of a 

CREAM, v. i. To gather cream; to stiffen like 
cream. Qy. 

CReAM'-FAGED (-f aste), a. Pale-faced ; coward- 

CReAM'Y, a. Full of cream; rich; like cream. 

CRe'ANCE, ft, A line fastened to a hawk's leash. 

CREASE, v. t. To make a crease or mark by fold- 
ing, [like streak. 

CREASE, ft. A mark made by folding ; a groove- 

CRE-aTE', v. t. To bring into existence ; to cause 
to exist ; to form ; to make ; to produce ; to give 
new_form, character, or qualities. 

CRE-a'TION, ft. The act of creating; the act of 
producing from nothing; the thing created; the 
universe ; creatures ; the world. [creates. 

CRE-A'TIVE, a. Having power to create; that 

CRE-a'TOR, ft. One who creates or gives exist- 
ence; God. 

CReAT'uRE (49) (kret'yur), ft. A thing created ; a 
created being ; one who owes his rise to another ; 
a dependent; a general term for being or person, 



as a poor creature; a pretty crea ture ; man; ani- 
mal. 

CRe'DENCE, ft. Belief; reliance of the mind on 
testimony ; credit ; reputation. 

CRe'DENT, a. Believing; easy of belief ; giving 
or having credit. [credit. 

CRE-DeN'TIAL (-den'shal), a. Giving title to 

CRE-DeN'TIAL$, ft. pi. Testimonials; warrant 
of belief; that which gives credit. 

CRED-I-BIL'I-TY, ft. Claim to belief; that which 
renders it reasonable to believe; worthiness of 
belief. [of belief; probable. 

CReD'I-BLE, a. That may be believed ; worthy 

CReD'I-BLY, ad. In a credible manner; with 
reason for belief. 

CRED'IT, ft. Belief; reputation; esteem of oth- 
ers ; trustworthiness ; trust ; reputation of solv- 
ency ; the side of an account in which payment 
is entered ; a sum due a person. 

CRED'IT, v. t. To believe ; to give faith to ; to 
trust ; to set to the credit of. 

CRED'IT-A-BLE, a. Reputable; estimable; con- 
sistent with credit or reputation. [blv. 

CRED'IT- A-BLY, ad. With reputation; reputa- 

CReD'IT-OR, ft. One who trusts or to whom one 
is indebted. 

CRE-Du'LI-TY, ft. Easiness of belief; readiness 
to believe on slight evidence. [dence. 

CReD'u-LOUS, a. Apt to believe on slight evi- 

CREED, ft. Belief; confession of faith; system, 
principles, or points believed. 

CREEK, ft. A small bay or inlet ; a stream. 

CREEK'Y, a. Containing creeks ; winding. 

CREEP, v. i. [pp. Crept, Ceeeped.] To move 
with the belly on the ground ; to move slowly ; 
to grow along, as a vine ; to fawn. 

CREEP'ER, ft. One that creeps; that which creeps; 
a creeping plant ; an iron instrument for drawing 
up things from the bottom of a well or river ; a 
genus of birds. [by creeping. 

CREEP'ING-LY, ad. Slowly ; in a dull manner ; 

CRE-MA'TION, ft. The act of burning. 

CRe'oLE, ft. A native of the West Indies and 
Spanish America, descended from European pa- 
rents. 

CRe'O-SoTE, ft. An oily, colorless liquid, with a 
strong smell of smoke, obtained by distilling 
wood or tar. [make a crackling noise. 

CRePT-TATE, v. i. To crackle in burning; to 

CREP'I-Ta'TION, ft. Small crackling sounds. 

CRE-PuS'CLE (kre-pusl'), ft. Twilight. 

CRE-PuS'CU-LAR, ) a. Pertaining to twilight ; 

CRE-PuS'CU-LOUS,/ glimmering; dim. 

CR£S'ClVE T, }«- ^creasing; growing. 

CReS'CENT, ft. The increasing moon ; the form 
of the new moon ; Turkish standard ; v. t. to form 
into a crescent 

CRESS, ft. The name of several species of plants. 

CReS'SET, ft. Literally., a small cross; a light 
set on a beacon ; a lamp or torch. 

CREST, ft. A plume of feathers or other ornament 
on a helmet ; the comb of a cock ; a tuft ; pride ; 
loftiness. [a crest for. 

CREST, v. t. To furnish with a crest ; to serve as 

CREST'ED, a, Adorned with a crest. 

CR£ST'-FALL-^N (-faw'ln), a. Dejected; spirit- 
less ; cowed. [mor ; not of eminent family. 

CRe?T'LESS, a. Not having a crest or coat-ar- 

CRE-TA'CEOUS (-ta'shus), a. Chalky ; of the na- 
ture of chalk ; abounding with chalk. 

CRe'TIN, h. A name given to certain deformed 
idiots among the Alps. 

CRe'TISM, n. A falsehood ; a Cretan practice. 

CRE-VASSE', ft. A deep crevice ; a breach in the 
embankment of a river. 

CREV'iCE, n. A crack, fissure, or opening. 

CREW (krii), ft. A ship's company; a mean com- 
pany, [ed worsted slackly twisted. 

CREW'EL (kru'el), ft. A ball of yarn ; two-thread- 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"ciocs. — e as k ; 4 as J ; s as z ; ch as 6H ; this. + JS'ot English. 



CEI 



100 



CRO 



CRIB, n. A manger ; rack ; stall ; a frame to hold 
a child's bed. 

CRIB, v. t. To steal ; to cage ; to confine. 

CRIB'BA&E, n. A game at cards. 

CRIB'BLE, n. A sifter ; a riddle or screen. 

CRICK, n. A spasmodic affection, as of the back 
or neck. [and bat ; a low seat or stool. 

CRICK'ET, n. A small insect; a game with ball 

CRi'ER,n. One who cries goods, or one who gives 
notice or makes proclamation. 

■GRIM. CON. Criminal conversation ; unlawful in- 
tercourse with a married woman ; adulterous in- 
tercourse. 

CRIME, n. A violation of law or of a rule of au- 
thority ; public offense. Capital crime, a crime 
punishable with death. — Sym. Sin ; vice. — Sin is 
generic, embracing wickedness of every kind. 
Crime is a violation of law, and springs from our 
passions ; vice from the inordinate indulgence of 
natural appetites, which in themselves are inno- 
cent. Intemperance is a vice, sometimes leading 
to the crime of murder. 

CRIM'IN-AL, a. Guilty of a crime ; involving a 
crime ; relating to crimes ; not innocent. 

CRIM'IN-AL, n. One who has committed a crime. 

CRIM-IN-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being crim- 
inal ; guiltiness. [in violation of law. 

CRIM'IN-AL-LY, ad. With crime; with guilt; 

CRIM'IN-aTE, v. t. To charge with a crime. 

CRIM-IN-a'TION, n. Accusation; charge of 
crime. [lating to accusation. 

GRIM'IN-A-TO-RY, a. Accusing; censorious; re- 

CRIMP, a. Easily crumbled ; brittle ; crisp. 

CRIMP, n. One who decoys others into the mili- 
tary or naval service; one who decoys for any 
purpose of deceit. 

CRIMP, v. t. To pinch or form into plaits or 
ridges ; to decoy ; to cui'L 

GRIM'PLE (krim'pl), v. t. To lay in plaits ; to 
contract; to draw together ; to corrugate. 

CRIM'SON (krlm'zn), n. A deep-red color ; a. of 
a deep-red color. 

CRIM'SON (krim'zn) v. t. To tinge with red ; to 
dye with crimson ; v. i. to become of a crimson 
color; to blush. 

CRINgE, v. t. To shrink ; to contract [vulgarly 
scringe'] ; v. i. to bend with servility ; to bow ; to 
fawn ; to flatter meanly. 

CRINgE, n. A low bow ; servility. 

CRlN G 'GrLE (krlng'gl), n. A withe ; a ring in a 
bolt-rope of a sail. 

CRINK'LE (krink'kl), v. t. To bend in turns or 
flexures ; to turn ; to wrinkle ; v. i. to wrinkle ; 
to fold or turn in short bends or flexures; n. 
wrinkle ; turn ; fold. 

GRi'NoSE, a. Hairy. 

€RiP'PLE (krip'pl), n. A lame person. 

GRfP'PLE, v. t. To make lame ; to disable. 

GRl'SIS, n; pi. Cri'ses. A critical time ; a turn ; 
time when any thing is at its height and ripe for 
a change. 

CRISP, v. t. To curl ; to make brittle. 

•CRISP, \ a. Curled ; brittle ; dried so as to 

CRlSP'Y,) break short. 

CRiSP'aTE, \ a. Having a crisped appearance; 

GRISP'a-TED, j rough with waving lines. 

CRISP-A'TION, n. Act of curling. [tie. 

CRISP'Y, a. Curled; formed into ringlets; brit- 

CRiST^aTE, a. Crested; tufted. 

CRi-Te'RI-ON, n. ; pi. Cri-tJ'ri-a. Standard of 
judging; any rule, principle, or fact, by compar- 
ison with which an estimate or judgment is form- 
ed; measure; rule. 

CRIT'IC, n. A person skilled in judging of the 
merits of literary works, or of other things ; a 
judge ; one who judges with severity. 

CRIT'IC, a. Relating to criticism ; ciitical. 

GRIT'IC-AL, a. Relating to criticism; discrim- 
inating; accurately judging; nicely judicious; 
inclined to find fault ; pertaining to or indicating 



a crisis; decisive; involving difficulty or dan- 
ger. — Syn. Nice; exact; accurate. 

CRIT'IC- AL-LY, ad. Exactly ; nicely ; with nice 
scrutiny ; in a critical condition. 

CRIT'IC-AL-NESS, n. The state of being critical ; 
exactness; niceness; accuracy. 

CRIT'l-ClSE, v. t. To judge and remark upon 
with exactness ; to point out faults in ; v. i. to 
act the critic ; to notice beauties and faults ; to 
judge. 

CRiT'I-CISM, n. The act or art of judging nicely 
of any performance or production ; a critical re- 
mark. 

+CRI-TIQUE' (kre-teek'), n. [Fr.] Critical exam- 
ination ; animadversion ; science of criticism. 

GRoAK'ING- \ n ' ^ rou § h sound, as of frogs. 

CRoAK, v. i. To utter a rough sound, as a frog 
or raven ; to forebode evil ; to talk despondingly. 

CRoAK'ER, n. One who croaks or is inclined to 
forebode evil ; a complainer. 

CRo'CEOUS (kro'shus), a. Like saffron ; yellow. 

CR6CK, n. An earthen pot ; black matter or soot. 

CR6CK, v. t. or i. To blacken with burnt matter 
or soot ; to soil or black with coloring matter, as 
of cloth. 

CRoCK'ER-Y, n. Earthenware ; vessels formed 
of clay and baked ; the coarser kinds of earthen- 
ware in distinction from porcelain or china. 

GRoCK'Y, a. Smutty. 

GRoC'O-DlLE, n. A large amphibious animal of 
the lizard kind, like the alligator. 

CRo'CUS, n. Saffron; a genus of plants; any 
mineral calcined to a red or yellow powder. 

CRoFT, n. A field near a house ; a little close. 

CROI-SaDE'. See Crusade. 

CROI'SES, n. pi. Soldiers in a crusade ; pilgrims 
carrying a cross. 

CRO-MoR'NA, n. An organ stop with a sound re- 
sembling that of the oboe. 

GRoNE, n. An old ewe ; an old woman. 

CRo'NY, n. An old intimate companion; a fa- 
miliar friend. [fice. 

CROOK, n. A bend ; curve ; shepherd's staff; arti- 

GROOK, v. t. To bend ; to turn from a straight 
line ; to curve ; to pervert ; v. i. to be bent ; to 
curve ; to deviate from a straight line ; to wind. 

CROOK'ED, pp. or a. Not straight; bent from a 
straight line ; curving ; perverse. 

CROOK'ED-LY, ad. With bending ; in a crook- 
ed manner; perversely. 

CROQK'ED-NESS, n. Bending form ; deviation 
from straightness or rectitude ; perverseness. 

CR5P, n. Produce ; farming products in general ; 
the growth gathered off a field ; any thing cut off; 
the first stomach of a fowl. 

CR5P, v. t. To cut, eat, or pluck off; to reap. 

CRoP'-eARFD, a. Having the ears cropped. 

CRoP'FUL, a. Quite full ; crammed ; glutted. 

CRoP'OUT, v. i. To ripen to a full crop ; in geol- 
ogy, to come out of the surface, as the edge of in- 
clined strata. 

CRoP'-SICK, a. Sick by excess of eating. 

CRo'SIER (kr5'zhur), n. A bishop's staff; a pas- 
toral staff; southern cross. 

CRoS'LET, n. A small cross. 

CRoSS, n. The ensign of the Christian religion ; 
a line drawn through another ; a gibbet, consist- 
ing of two pieces of timber placed across each 
other; anything in the form of a cross; adversi- 
ty ; sufferings of Christ ; any thing that thwarts, 
obstructs, or perplexes. 

CR6SS (20), a. Athwart; transverse; peevish; 
difficult; adverse; opposite; interchanged; prep. 
athwart; over. 

CRoSS, v. t. To lay or pass athwart; to pass 
over; to thwart; to interfere -with; to perplex; 
to cancel ; v. i. to lie or be athwart ; to pass lat- 
erally or from place to place. 

CRoSS-'BILL, n. A defendant's bill fh chancery; 



A, b, &c, long. — 1, g, &c, short. — caee, far, last, fall, what; there, term; mar'inf:, bird; move, 



CEO 



101 



CRY 



a species of bird, the points of whose bill cross 
each other. [stock. 

CR6SS'-BoW (-bo), n. A bow placed athwart a 

€R6SS'~BREED, n. A breed procured by the 
union of different breeds. 

CR6SS-EX-AM-I-Na'TION, n. The examination 
of a witness called by one party, by the opposite 
party or his counsel. 

€RoSS-EX-aM'iNE, v. t To examine by differ- 
ent parties^ 

CRoSS'-GRaIN^D (-grand), a. Having the grain 
crossed or irregular; ill-natured; cross; per- 
verse. 

CRoSS'ING, n. A thwarting; a passing across or 
over ; the place of passing. 

CRoSS'LY, ad. Peevishly; perversely. 

fJBoSS'NESS, n. Peevishness; ill-nature. 

CRoSS'-QUeS-TION, v. t. To cross-examine. 

CRoSS'-WiND, n. A side or unfavorable wind. 

€R6SS'-WI$E, ad. In the form of a cross ; across. 

CROTCH, n. A fork or forking, as of a tree ; a 
forked piece of wood or metal. 

CROTCH'ET, n. A note of half a minim; brackets 
or hooks used in printing, [ ] ; a Avhim ; an odd 
or perverse conceit ; a piece of wood forked. 

€R6TCH'ET-Y, a. Having crotchets or whims; 
inclined to peculiar conceits. 

CROUCH, v. i. To stoop low; to bend; to cringe. 

CROUP (kroop), n. An inflammation of the wind- 
pipe, accompanied by a hoarse cough and hard 
breathing ; the buttocks of a horse ; the rump of 
a fowl. 

CRoUP'IER (kroop'eer), n. One who sits as as- 
sistant chairman at the bottom of the table at a 
public dinner; one who watches the cards at a 
gaming-table. 

CRo W, n. A black bird of the genus corvus ; a bar 
of iron with a crook or claws; the cock's voice. 

CROW (kro), v. i. ipret. Crowed, Ceew; pp. 
Ckowed.] To utter the cry of a cock; to exult. 

CRoW'BXR, n. A bar of iron used as a lever. 

CROWD, n. A throng ; a multitude ; a great num- 
ber together ; the populace ; a kind of violin. 

CROWD, v. t. To press together ; to urge ; to fill 
to excess; to encumber by multitudes; to force; to 
squeeze ; v. i. to press ; to swarm or be numerous. 

CROWN, n. Top of the head ; badge of royalty 
worn on the head ; a garland or wreath ; honor- 
ary distinction ; the top or end ; a silver coin. 

CROWN, v. t. To invest with a crown or with re- 
gal power; to honor; to reward; to terminate; 
to finish. 

CROWN'-GLaSS, n. A superior quality of glass 
differing in composition and fusibility from flint- 
glass. 

CROWN'ING, a. Investing with a crown ; finish- 
ing ; rising slightly above a level ; n. act of 
crowning ; the finish ; in architecture, that which 
finishes anv decoration. 

CRO WN'-WHEEL, n. A wheel with cogs at right 
angles to its plane. 

CRu'CIAL (kru'shal), a. Transverse ; running 
across ; in form of a cross ; severe ; trying. 

CRu'CIaTE (kru'shfite), v. t. To torture ; to give 
extreme pain. [mented. 

CRu'CIATE, a. Having the form of a cross; tor- 

CRu'CI-BLE, n. A vessel used for melting metals, 
or for holding other substances to be subjected to 
intense heat. 

CRu'CI-FlED (-fide), a. Put to death on a cross. 

CRu'CI-FI-ER, n. One who crucifies. 

CRC'CI-FIX (31), n. A representation in painting 
or statuarv of our Lord upon the cross. 

CRu-CI-FiX'ION (-fik'shun), n. A nailing to a 
cross ; the act or punishment of putting to death 
on a cross. 

CRu'CI-FORM, a. Being of the form of a cross. 

CRfj'CI-FY, v. t. To fasten and put to death on a 

cross ; in scripture, to mortify ; to subdue. 
CRUDE (31), a. In a raw or rough state ; not ma- 



tured ; not well arranged. — Syn. Unripe ; indi- 
gested; unfinished; immature. 

CRC'DE'LY, ad. In a crude manner; with raw- 
ness; without due preparation. [tureness. 

CRuDE'NESS, n. Rawness; unripeness; imma- 

CRO'DI-TY, w. Rawness ; undigested matter ; 
something in a crude or immature state. 

CRO'EL (31), a. Pleased with causing pain or suf- 
fering ; causing pain. — Syn. Inhuman ; barba- 
rous: unfeeling. [painfully. 

CRu'EL-LY, ad. In a cruel manner; inhumanly; 

CRu'EL-TY, n. A barbarous temper; delight in 
the suffering of others ; unnecessary infliction of 
pain ; inhumanity ; barbarity. 

CRC'ET, n. A vial for vinegar or oil. 

CRCTSE (krfize), v. i. To sail back and forth over 
a portion of the sea ; to rove on the sea. 

CRCTSE, n. A voyage made without settled course ; 
a voyage of search. 

CRuIS'ER. n. A person or vessel that cruises, usu- 
ally an armed ship. 

CRuL'LER, n. A kind of cake boiled in fat. See 
Keuelee. 

CRdMB (krihn),) n. A fragment, as of bread or 

CRuM, j cake. [or small pieces. 

CRCMB (krum), v. t. To break or cut into crumbs 

CRuM'BLE, v. t. To break into small pieces ; v. i. 
to fall into small pieces; to fall to decay. 

CRuMB'-CLOTH, n. A cloth laid under the table 
to keep the floor clean. 

CRuM'MY. a. Full of crumbs ; soft. 

CRuM'PET, n. A kind of cake. 

CRuM'PLE (krum'pl), v. t. To make wrinkles; to 
press into folds ; to rumple ; v. i. to shrink ; to 
contract. 

CRUP'PER (kroop'er in Am. and krup'per in Eng.), 
n. A leather"passing under a horse's tail to hold 
a saddle back ; the rump or buttocks of a horse. 

CRUP'PER, v. t. To put a crupper on. 

CRC'RAL, a. Pertaining to the leg. 

CRU-SaDE', n. A military expedition to recover 
the Holy Land from infidels ; a coin ; Portuguese 
coin stamped with a cross. 

CRU-SaD'ER, n. One who engages in a crusade. 

CRuSE, n. A small cup or vial. 

CRu'SET, n. A goldsmith's melting-pot. 

CRuSH, v. t. To bruise or break by pressure ; to 
squeeze together; to overwhelm ; to subdue; to 
ruin ; v. i. to be forced together or broken down 
by weight or pressure ; to dispirit. 

CRuSH, n. A violent collision and bruising ; ruin. 

CRuST, n. A hard covering over bread or other 
matter; a shell; a scab. 

CRuST, v. t. To cover with a hard case or coat, 
or with concretions; v. i. to gather or concrete 
into a hard covering ; to form into a crust. 

CRUS-Ta'CEA (-she-a), n. pi. A class of articu- 
lated animals, having a crust-like covering, in- 
cluding crabs, lobsters, &c. 

CRUS-TA-CE-oL'O-GY, n. That part of zoology 
which treats of crustaceous animals. 

CRUS-Ta'CEOUS (krus-ta'shus), a. Shelly; hav- 
ing soft and jointed shells, as a lobster; pertain- 
ing to the Crustacea; like crust. 

CRuST'I-LY, ad. Peevishly; with surliness. 

CRuST'Y, a. Like crust ; hard and dry ; snap- 
pish; peevish. 

CRCTCH, n. A staff with a curving cross-piece at 
the head, used by lame persons. 

CRuTCH, v. t. To support on crutches. 

CRY, v. i. To titter a loud sound ; to call ; to ex- 
claim ; to weep ; to implore ; v. t. to proclaim ; 
to announce publicly; to cry down, to decry; to 
cry up, to applaud ; to raise by proclamation. 

CRT, n. A loud sound uttered by animals ; noise 
of weeping or lamentation ; a calling or bawling ; 
outcry; yell; weeping; proclamation; complaint. 

CRy'ING, a. Notorious; great; common. 

CRYPT, n. A cell or chapel under a church, orig- 
inally used for the interment of persons. 



dove, wolf, book ; kule, bcll ; vi"ciors. — asE; g as J ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. * Xot English. 



CRY 



102 



CUP 



a. Pertaining to plants 
of the class cryptoga- 
mia, as ferns, mosses, 



GRYP-TO-Ga'MI-AN 

GRYP-TO-GaM'IG, 

CRYP-ToG'A-MOUS, 
mushrooms, &c. 

GRYP-ToG'A-MY, n. Concealed fructification. 

CRYS'TAL, n. A solid body which has assumed 
a regular geometrical form in the process of solid- 
ification ; a transparent piece of quartz ; a super- 
ior kind of glass ; glass of a watch-case. 

CRYS'TAL, i a. Pertaining to or consisting 

€R¥S'TAL-LlNE,j of crystal ; clear ; resembling 
crystal. 

GRYS-TAL-LI-Za'TION, n. The process by 
which the particles of bodies arrange themselves 
in the form of crystals. 

CRYS'TAL-LTZE, v. t. or i. To form or to be 
formed into a crystal. [crystallization. 

GRYS-TAL-LoG'RA-PHY, n. The science of 

CuB, n. The young of certain animals, as of the 
dog, fox, bear, &c. 

CuB, v. i. To bring forth cubs. 

Gu'BA-TuRE, n. The finding exactly the cubic or 
solid contents of a body. 

GuBE, n. A regular solid body with six equal 
jides ; the third power of a root. 

CuBE, v. t. To multiply twice into itself, [kind. 

Cu'BEB, n. A small spicy berry of the pepper 

Cu'BIG, ) a. Having the form or properties of 

Cu'BIO-ALJ a cube; that may be contained 
within a cube. 

GU-BrG'u-LAR, a. Belonging to a chamber. 

Cu'BI-FORM a. Having the form of a cub?. 

Gu'BIT, n. The fore-arm; measure of a man's 
arm from the elbow. 

Cu'BIT-AL, a. Belonging to the cubit. 

Gu'BOID, \ a. Having nearly the form of a 

OU-BOID'AL,/ cube. 

GuCK'OLD, n. The husband of an adulteress. 

GuCK'OLD, v. t. To injure a husband by adultery. 

CUCK'OO (kook'oo), n. A bird of the genus cocu- 
lus. [nus cucumis. 

Gu'OUM-BER, n. A plant and its fruit of the ge- 

Gu'GUR-BIT, n. A chemical vessel like a gourd. 

CuD, n. A portion of food or of tobacco chewed. 

CuD'DLE (kiid'dl), v. i. To lie low or close; to 
squat. 

GfiD'DY, n. A small cabin; the cole-fish. 

GuD'gEL, n. A thick, heavy stick of wood. 

€uD'g-EL, v. t. To beat with a heavy stick. 

GuD'gEL-ER, n. One who beats with a cudgel. 

CuE, n. The end or tail of a thing; humor; a 
hint; a rod used in playing billiards. 

GUeR'PO (kwer'po), n. [Sp.] Literally, bodily 
shape ; t.o be in cuerpo is to be without over gar- 
ments; to be unprotected. [sleeve. 

GuFF, n. A box or blow with the fist; part of a 

GuFF, v. t. To strike with the hand; to beat. 

GUi-RaSS' (kwe-ras'), n. A breast-plate for de- 
fense, [ed with cuirass or breastplate. 

GUi'-RASS-iER' (kwe-ras-seer'), n. A soldier arrn- 

GCiSH (kwis), n. Armor for the thighs. 

+GUI-SINE' (kwe-zeenO, n. [Fr.] The kitchen 
or cooking department ; cookery. 

GUL-DEES', n. Ancient monks or priests in Ice- 
land and Scotland. [ing to cookery. 

Gu'LI-NA-RY, a. ' Belonging to the kitchen ; relat- 

GuLL, v. t. To select from others; to pick out. 

GuL'LEN-DER, n. A strainer. [This orthogra- 
phy is becoming general.] 

GuLL'ER, n. One who culls ; one who selects 
hoops and staves for market. [ou,s root. 

GuLL'ION (kiil'yun), n. A mean fellow; a bulb- 

GuL^LIS, n. Broth strained; a kind of jelly. 

GuL LY, n. A man jilted by a woman; a mean 
dupe; ». t. to jilt; to befool; to impose on. 

GuL LY-I$M, n . The state of being jilted. 

GuLM, n. In botany, the stalk or stem of grasses ; 
a species of fossil coal. 

*€uL'MEN, n. [L.] The summit. 

GUL-MIF'ER-OUS, a: Producing a stalk or stem. 



GuL'MIN-aTE, v. i. To come or be in the merid- 
ian, [a lateral growth. 

GuL'MIN-ATE, a. Having an upward instead of 

GOI/MIN-A-TINGr, ppr. or a. Reaching the high- 
est point._ 

GUL-MIN-a'TION, n. Rise of a planet to its me- 
ridian or highest point ; most elevated position. 

GUL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. Blamableness ; faultiness. 

GyL'PA-BLE, a. Deserving blame. — Syx Wrong ; 
faulty; blamable; censurable. 

Gul/PA-BLY, ad. With blame or guilt. 

Gul/PRIT, n. One arraigned for or convicted of 
a crime. — Syn. Criminal; convict; malefactor. 

GuL'TI-VA-BLE, a. That may be tilled. 

GCL'TI-VaTE, v. t. To till ; to dress; to improve; 
to cherish ; to labor to promote ; to raise by till- 
age. 

GuL'TI-Va-TED, pp. or a. Tilled; improved or 
raised by_culture. 

GUL-TI-Va'TION, n. A tilling; improving. 

GuL'TI-Va-TOR, n. One who tills. 

CuLT'uRE (kiilt'ynr), v. t. To till ; to cultivate. 

GuLT'uRE (killt'yiir), n. Act or practice of culti- 
vating ; means of improvement. 

GuLT'uRE-LESS, a. Without cultivation. 

GuL'VER-IN, n. A long, slender cannon to carry 
a ball a g-eat distance. [a road or canal. 

G5I/VERT, n. An arched drain or passage under -. 

GuM'BER, v. t. To overload so as to obstruct or 
perplex. — Syn. To clog; burden; embarrass. 

GuM'BER-SOME, a. Burdensome ; troublesome. 

GuM'BRANCE, n. A burden ; a clog. [ive. 

GuM'BROUS, a. Heavy; burdensome; oppress- 

GCM'FREY, n. See Comfeey. 

GCM'IN, n. An annual plant with seeds of an aro- 
matic, bitterish taste. 

Gu'MU-LaTE, v. t. To heap together ; to amass. 

Gu-MU-La'TION, n. A heaping; gathering into 
a pile. 

Gu'MU-LA-TIVE, a. Augmenting by addition. 

Gu'NE-AL ) „, , ,.. j 

Gu'NE-ATE,/ a - Snaped like a wedge. [wedge . 

Gu'NE-a-TED, a. Having the form or shape of a 

GU-NE'I-FORM,? n w , , . 

Gu'NI-FORM, f a - Wedge-shaped. 

GU-NE'I-FORM LET-TERS, n. The arrow-head- 
ed or wedge-shaped letters on Babylonian and 
Persian monuments. 

CfjN'NING, a. Originally, knowing, as a cunning 
look, but now chieiiy used in a bad sense, as im- 
plying craft or selfish dexterity. — Syn. Artful ; 
sly ; wily ; crafty. — Cunning is usually low, as a 
trick; artful more ingenious and inventive, as a 
device; sly implies a turn for what is double or 
concealed, as sly humor, a sly evasion ; crafty, a 
talent for dextrously deceiving, as a crafty man- 
ager; wily, a talent for the use of stratagems, as 
a wily politician. 

GuN'NING, \ n. Originally skill, but now 

GuN'NING-NESS,j chiefly used in a bad sense, 
as implying artifice or stratagem. — Syn. Craft ; 
duplicity; subtlety; deceit. 

CON'NING-LY, ad. Craftily; artfully; skillfully. 

GuP, n. A drinking vessel; contents of a cup; 
bell or calyx of a flower. 

GuP, v. t. To bleed by scarification. 

GCP'-BEAR-ER (-bar-er), n. An officer who serves 
out liquors at a feast. [cups, &c. 

GuP'BOARD (kub'urd), n. A shelf or closet for 

Gu'PEL, n. A small cup used in refining metals. 

GU-PEL-La'TION, n. The refining of a metal by 
a cupel. [of oak. 

GuP'-GALL, n. A kind of gall found in the leaves 

GU-PID'I-TY, n. Inordinate desire of wealth, 
power, &c. ; ardent longing. — Syn. Hankering ; 
grasping; covetousness. 

Gu'PO-LA, n. A dome ; an arched roof. 

GuP'PER, n. One who applies a cupping-glass. 

GuP'PING, n. A mode of drawing blood by a 
cupping-glass. 



e, &c, long.— 1, e, &c, short. 



-CAEE, FAE, LAST, FALL, WHAT ; THJiEE, TESAI ; MASIJSE, LIED ; MOVE, 



CUP 



103 



CUT 



CuP'PING-GLASS, n. A glass vessel applied to 
the skin, used in letting blood. 

Cu'FRE-OUS, a. Of or like copper. [per. 

CU-PRlF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or affording cop- 

COR, n. A degenerate dog; a snappish fellow. 

COR'A-BLE, a. That may be cured or healed. 

GU-RA-CoA' (ku-ra-sf/), n. A cordial flavored 
with orange-peel and spices. 

Cu'RA-CY, ) n. The office of a curate ; a 

CO'RATE-SHIP, J benefice. 

Gu'RATE, n. Au officiating minister in the En- 
glish Church. 

Gu'RA-TiVE, a. Relating or tending to healing. 

CU-Ra'TOR, n. One who manages or has the care 
of any thing; a guardian; trustee. 

CuRB, v. t. To restrain or keep in subjection; to 
surround with a curb, as a well. — Syn. To check; 
bridle ; control. [a well. 

CuRB, n. Part of a bridle ; restraint ; frame round 

CuRB'-SToNE, n. A stone at the edge or side of 
a pavement. 

€UR-€u'LI-0, n. An insect that injures fruits. 

GuRD, n. Thickened part of milk, of which 
cheese is made. 

CuR'DLE (kur'dl), v. i. To coagulate ; to change 
into curd ; v. t. to cause to thicken ; to coagulate ; 
to concrete. 

CuRE, v. t. To heal; to restore to health; to salt 
or dry ; to prepare for preservation. 

■GORE, n. The act of healing; that which heals; 
a remedy ; a spiritual charge. — Syn. Restoration. 

CuRE'LESS, a. Incurable; not to be healed or 
remedied. 

GuR'ER, n. A healer; a physician. 

CuR'FEW, n. An eight-o'clock bell, ordered by 
William the Conqueror as a notice to put out 
fires and lights and retire to rest. 

CuR'ING, n. A healing; drying; preserving. 

CU-RI-oS'I-TY, n. A strong desire to see or learn 
what is new or unknown ; inquisitiveness ; an ob- 
ject of curiosity ; a rarity. 

*CU-RI-o'SO, 11. [It.] A person who loves to see 
new and rare things; a virtuoso. 

■efj'RI-OUS, a. Solicitous for information ; addict- 
ed to research ; showing great care or nicety ; un- 
like others; singular. — Syn. Inquisitive; prying; 
careful; nice; ingenious; odd. 

€0'RI-OUS-LY, ad. Inquisitively; with exact- 
ness; with nice care and skill; elegantly. 

■CuRL, n. A ringlet or ornament of hair ; a disease 
in potatoes. 

C0RL, v. t. To form into ringlets; V. i. to roll 
over or wreathe round, as waves or flames. 

GuR'LEW (kui-'lu), n. An aquatic bird with a 
long bill. 

CuRL'I-NESS, n. State of being curly. 

CuRL'ING-i-RONS,) n. An instrument for curl- 

€uRL'ING-T6NGS,j ing the hair. 

CfjRL'Y, a. Having curls: full of ripples. 

CUR-MuD'gEON (-mud'jun), n. A miser; nig- 
gard; churl. 

€nirRANT, n. A shrub and its fruit. 

CCR'REN-CY, n. Circulation ; paper passing for 



money; general estimation. 

CGR'RENT, a. Literally, running or flowing; 
hence, passing from one person to another, as 
current opinion ; generally received, as current 
coin ; now passing, as the current year. 

CuR'RENT, n. Literally, a running or flowing ; 
hence, a stream of some fiuid, as a current of 
water or air; a regular flow or onward move- 
ment, as the current of events or opinions. — Syn. 
Course ; progress ; progression. 

GuR'RENT-LY, ad. In constant motion; hence, 
with general reception ; commonly. 

€ o R'RI -€' LE (kur're-kl) , n. A chaise of two wheels 
for two horses. 

€fjR'RI-ER, n. A dresser of leather when tanned. 

CuR'RISH, a. Like a cross dog ; snappish. 

CuR'RY, n. A stew of fowl; fish or meat eaten 



with bo'.lcd rice ; a sauce of red pepper and spices, 
much used in India. [clean; to scratch. 

CuU'RY, v.t. To dress tanned leather; to rub and 

CuR'RY-GoMB (-kGnie), n. A comb to clean 
horses. 

CORSE, v. t. [pret. and. pp. Ctjesed or Cuest.] To 
utter a wish of evil against; to vex; to torment; 
to execrate ; to devote to evil. 

CORSE, n. Wish of evil ; malediction ; execration ; 
torment; condemnation. 

CCRS'ED (kurs'ed), a. Under a curse; worthy of 
being cursed. — Sy:n. Execrable; detestable; hate- 

€DRS'ED-LY, ad. Badly ; vilely. [ful. 

CuRS'ER, n. One who utters a curse. 

CuRS'IXG, n. A state of execration; detestable- 
ness; execration. 

CuR'SiVE, a. Running easily; rapid. 

CfiR'SO-RI-LY, ad. Hastily ; rapidly. 

CuR'SO-RY, a. Literally, running; hence, with- 
out close attention; hasty. — Syn. Careless; su- 
perficial; slight; inattentive. 

€uRST, a., z>p. of Curse. Hateful; vexatious; 
malignant; mischievous. 

*€GR'SUS, n. [jL.] A course. 

CfjRT, a. Short; uncourteous. 

€UR-TaIL', v. t. To cut short; to abridge.— Syn. 
Abbreviate ; shorten ; contract. 

CuR'TAIN (kur'tin), n. A cloth used for hiding 
something from view, or for ornamenting a bed, 
a window, &c. ; the part of a rampart between the 
flanks of two bastions. 

CuR'TAIN, v. t. To inclose with a curtain. 

CuR'TAL, a. Curt; brief; abridged. 

€uRT'SY. See Couktesy. 

Cu'RCLE, a. Belonging to a chariot. Curule 
chair, the seat of a Roman magistrate. 

CuRV'a-TED, a. Curved; bent; crooked. 

CURV-a'TION, n. Act of bending; abend. 

CuRV'A-TuRE, n. A curve or bending. 

CuRVE, n. A bending without angles ; a line with 
no three consecutive points in the same direction. 

CuRVE, v. t. To form into a curve ; to crook ; to 
inflect ; to bend. 

CuRV_ET> (kiirvd), a. Bent into a curve. — Syn. 
Crooked ; incurvated ; awry. 

CuRV'ET, n. Leap of a horse so as to raise all his 
legs at once; a frolic. 

CUR-VI-LiN'E-AL,> a. Having a cuive line; 

CUR-VI-LiN'E-AR, j* bounded by a curve line. 

CUSH'AT, n. The ring-dove or wood-pigeon. 

CUSH'IOiS' (koosh'uu), n. A pillow or soft pad for 
a seat or support. [seated on a soft seat. 

CySH'IONJG'D, a. Furnished with a cushion; 

CuSP, n. The point or horn of the new moon. 

CuS'TARD, n. Milk and eggs sweetened and baked 
or boiled. [dian fruit. 

CuS'TARD-aP'PLE, n. A soft, pulpy West In- 

CUS-To'DI-AN, n. One who has the care of a 
public building. 

CuS'TO-DY, n. Guardianship ; imprisonment ; 
care ; watch ; defense. 

CuS'TOM, n. Habitual practice; usage; use; 
way ; a buying of goods. See Habit. 

CuS'TOM-A-BLE, a. Frequent; common; subject 
to duties. 

CCS'TOM-A-RI-LY, ad. Habitually; commonly. 

CuS'TOM-A-RY, a. According to usage ; in com- 
mon practice ; habitual. 

CuS'TOM-ER,n. One who buys goods, or frequents 
a place for obtaining what he wants. 

CuS'TOM-HOUSE, n. The house where duties 
are paid or secured, and where vessels enter and 
clear. [exported. 

CuS'TOMS, n. pi. Duties on goods imported or 

€HT,v. t. Ipret. and pp. Cut.] To carve; to hew; 
to lop; to chop; to crop; to affect deeply; to neg- 
lect designedly. 

CuT, n. A cleft or gash ; a slice of meat ; a stroke; 
trench; picture. [ered; to divide. 

CuT, v. i. To sever; to pass through ; to be sev- 



i>o ve, wolf, book; kule, bull; vrcious. — e asK; g as 



as z ; cu as sn ; tius. * Not English. 



CUT 



104 



DAI 



€U-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Pertaining to the skin. 
CuTE, a. Clever; sharp; keen-witted. 
€u'TI-€LE (kii'te-kl), ft. The outer skin ; scarf- 
skin ; outer bark. [the skin. 
CU-TiCu-LAR, a. On the skin; no deeper than 
CuT'LASS, ft. A broad, curving sword ; a hanger. 
CuT'LER, ft. A maker or seller of knives. 
■GOT'LER-Y, ft. The business of making knives 

and other cutting instruments ; knives and edged 

instruments. 
CuT'LET, ft. A small or thin slice of meat. 
CuT'-PCRSE, ft. One who cuts off or out purses ; 

a thief. [sel. 

CuT'TER, n. One who cuts ; a swift-sailing ves- 
CuT'-THRoAT, n. A murderer ; an assassin ; a. 

murderous ; barbarous. 
CuT'TING, ppr. or a - Dividing with an edged 

tool ; satirical ; severe ; pungent ; wounding ; ft. 

a piece cut off for any purpose. 
CuT'TLE-FISH, ft. A fish that throws out a black 

liquor to conceal itself. 
CuT'-WA'TER, ft. The fore part of a ship's prow. 
CuT'WoRM, ft. A caterpillar which eats off corn 

and young green plants. 
CWT, ft. A sign for a hundred weight. 
Cy-AN-oM'E-TER, ft. An instrument to ascertain 

the degree of blueness of the sea or sky. 
Cy'CLE, ft. A circle ; round of time. 

CYCLIC- AL } °" Pertainin g t0 a cycle. 

CYCLOID, ft. A geometrical curve on which de- 
pends the doctrine of pendulums. 

Cy-CLOID'AL, a. Pertaining to a cycloid. 

CY-€L6M'E-TRY, ft. Art of measuring cycles. 

Cy-CLO-Pe'AN, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops; 
vast ; gigantic ; terrific ; savage. Cyclopean 
architecture, huge stones without cement. 

Cy-CLO-Pe'DI-A, \n. A body or circle of sci- 

CY-CLO-PiE'DI-A,] ences, or book containing 
them. [a class of giants. 

Cy'CLOPS, ft. sing, and pi. In fabulous history, 

CYG'NET, n. A young swan. [diameter. 

C?L'IN-DER, ft. A long, circular body of uniform 

CYL-IN'DRICAL, \ a. In the form of a cylin- 

CYL-iN'DRI-FORM,j der. 

Cy-MaR', ft. A slight transparent covering; a 
scarf. See Simar. 

CYM'BAL, ft. An instrument of music. 

Cy'MA, ft. A waving molding of a cornice. 

Cy'MoSE, a. In the form of a cyme. 

CYM'LING, ft. A squash. [Local.'] 

CYN'IC, ft. A surly, snarling man. 

CYH'W AT f #• Surly; snarling; captious. 

CfN'ICAL-LY, ad. With surliness ; morosely. 

CYN'ICAL-NESS, ft. Surliness; moroseness. 

C¥N'I-CI$M, ft. A morose contempt of the pleas- 
ures and arts of life ; churlishness. 

C¥N'IGS, ft. pi. Ancient philosophers who prided 
themselves on their contempt of riches, &c, called 
dogs. 

CTN'O-SfJRE or CYN'O-SuRE (-shur), ft. The 
constellation of the Little Bear, near the north 
pole, which seamen steer by ; that which attracts 
attention. 

Cy'PHER, ft. See Cipher. 

Cy'PRESS, ft. A tree; an evergreen ; white cedar ; 
an emblem of mourning. 

C¥ P'RI-AN, a. Belonging to the isle of Cyprus ; 
a term applied to a lewd woman. 

CY'PRUS,_ft. A thin stuff, black and transparent. 

CYR-E-Na'IC, a. Pertaining to Cyrene. 

CYR-I-O-Log'IC, a. Relating or pertaining to 
capital letters. 

C?ST,_ft. A bag containing morbid matter. 

C?ST'oSE, a. Containing cysts. 

CYS-T6T'0-MY, ft. The act or practice of opening 
cysts, especially the operation of cutting the blad- 
der to extract the stone. 

CYTH-E-Re'AN, a. Belonging to Venus. 



CYT'1-SUS, ft. A shrub with yellow flowers. 
CZaR (zar), ft. The title of the Emperor of Russia. 
CZX-Ri'NA (zar-e'na), ft. Title of the Empress of 

Russia. [Russia. 

CZaR'ISH (zar'ish), a. Pertaining to the Czar of 
CZaR'O-WITZ, ft. The title of the eldest son of 

the Czar of Russia. 



D. 



~T\ in the English alphabet, is the fourth letter 

■*-*1 and the third articulation. It is a mute, but 
is distinguished from the pure mute t, to which 
it is allied, by a slight vocality. 

D. A note in music. 

D.D. An abbreviation for Doctor of Divinity. 

D. A numerical letter for five hundred. 

DAB, v. t. To strike gently with the hand, or with 
a soft or moist substance ; to slap ; to box. 

DAB, ft. A gentle blow ; a small lump of any thing 
moist ; something moist or slimy thrown on one ; 
one who is very expert ; a flat fish. 

DaB'BLE, v. t. To dip slightly ; to wet by little 
dips ; to sprinkle. 

DaB'BLE, v. i. To play in water ; to meddle ; to 
touch lightly ; to do in a superficial manner. 

DaB'BLER, ft. One who dips slightly, or meddles. 

DAB'BLING, ft. The act of lightly dipping into or 
meddling with any thing. 

DAB'BLING -LY, ad. Superficially. 

DaB'STER, ft. One who is expert in any thing. 

DACE, ft. A small fish of a silvery color. 

DACTYL, ft. A poetical foot of one long and two 
short syllables. [from three to two syllables. 

DACTYL- AR, a. Pertaining to a dactyl ; reducing 

DACTYL'IC, a. Pertaining to dactyls ; ft. a line 
chiefly or wholly of dactyls. 

DaCTYL-IST, ft. A writer of flowing verse. 

DACTYL-6L'0-&Y, ft. The art of expressing 
ideas or thoughts by the fingers ; the science of 
the history and qualities of finger-rings. 

DAD, \ ft. A term for father, taken from its 

DaD'DY,) use by infants. Their first articula- 
tions are dental or labial; dental in tad, dad, and 
labial ia papa, mamma. 

DJE-Da'LI-AN, a. Formed with art; ingenious; 
intricate ; maze-like. 

DiED'A-LOUS (dSd'-), a. Bordered with various 
windings and turnings ; of a beautiful texture. 

DAF'FO-DIL, ft. A plant with yellow flowers. 

DAFT, a. Silly ; without sense. LScotch.J 

DaG, 7i. A loose end of a lock of wool ; a slip or 
shred ; a latchet of leather. [mark t. 

DAG'GER, ft. A short sword; with printers, the 

DAG'GER, v. t. To stab with a dagger. 

DAG'GLE (dag'gl), v. i. To trail, or be in the dirt. 

DAG'-LoCK, ft. A lock of wool on a sheep that 
hangs down and drags in the wet or dew (dag), 
called also tag-lock. 

DA-GUERRE'I-AN (da-ger're-an), a. Pertaining 
to Daguerre, or to his invention of the daguerreo- 
type. . 

DA-GUeRRE'O-TyPE (da-ger'ro-type), ft. A meth- 
od of taking pictures by means of light thrown by 
the camera obscura on sm-faces covered with the 
iodid of silver ; pictures thus taken. [Named aft- 
er the inventor.] [bearing a beautiful flower. 

D aH'LIA (dal'ya or dal'ya), ft. The name of a plant 

DaI'LY, a. Happening .or being done every day. 

DaIN'TI-LY, ad. Nicely; deliciously. 

DaIN'TY, ft. An article of food which is peculiar- 
ly nice. — Syn. Delicacy. — A delicacy is a nice arti- 
cle of any kind ; a dainty is an exquisite article 
of cookery. 

DaIN'TY, a. Pleasing to the palate ; delicate ; soft. 

DaI'RY, ft. The place where milk is kept and 
made into butter and cheese ; a milk-farm ; the 
business of making butter and cheese. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, far, last, fall, what; there, tekm; marine, bird; move, 



DAI 



105 



DAS 



Da'IS, n. A raised floor in a dining-room ; a can- 
opied seat. [rays. 

DaI'SY, 7i. A flower with a yellow disk and white 

DaLE, n. A low place between hills ; a vale. 

D AL'LI-ANCE, n. Act of fondness ; a toying ; mu- 
tual embrace. 

D A.U LI ED,pret. and pp. of Dally. 

DAL'LI-ER, n. One who dallies; a fondler. 

DAL'LY, v. i. or t. Literally, to delay ; to sport or 
trifle with ; to fondle. [water. 

DIM, n. The mother of brutes; a bank to stop 

DIM, v. t. To confine by a dam ; to check or re- 
strain. — Syn. To obstruct; stop. 

DaM'AgE, n. Harm to property or person ; inju- 
ry to an enterprise ; value of what is lost. — Syn. 
Hurt; loss; detriment; mischief. 

DAM'AGE, v. t. To injure ; to lessen the sound- 
ness or value of. — Syn. To impair ; to hurt. 

DAM'A-gES, n. pi. The amount assessed on a de- 
fendant, to pay the plaintiff for injury done him. 

DaM'A-SCINE, n. A damson ; a plum. 

DAM'ASK, n. Silk woven with raised flowers and 
other figures ; a kind of wrought linen ; red color. 

DaM'ASK, v. t. To weave into flowered work ; to 
adorn steel with figures. 

DAM-ASK-EEN', V. t. To inlay in iron or steel 
with gold or silver wire, for ornament, [mascus. 

DAM'ASK-IN, n. A saber manufactured at Da- 

DaME, n. A lady ; a woman. 

DAMN (dam), v. t. To sentence to eternal punish- 
ment ; to condemn ; to reprobate. [posing to it. 

DAM'NA-BLE, a. Worthy of damnation, or ex- 

DAM'NA-BLY, ad. So as to incur or deserve dam- 
nation. 

DAM-NX'TION, n. Sentence to everlasting pun- 
ishment in the future world ; condemnation. 

DAM'NA-TO-RY, a. Tending to condemn. 

DAMNJ3D (damd), pp. Doomed to eternal pun- 
ishment ; condemned ; a. [in serious discourse, 
pronounced dam'ned~\, cursed ; exploded ; detest- 
able. 

DAM'NI-Fy, v. t. To injure ; to damage ; to hurt. 

DAM'NING, a. Exposing to reprobation or dam- 
nation, [moisture; chill. 

DAMP, a. Moist; humid; watery; depressed ; n. 

DAMP, V. t. To wet ; to cast down ; to dispirit. 

DAMP'EN (damp'pn), v. t. To make moist. 

DAMP'ER, n. A valve to stop air in a furnace ; 
that which checks ; in a piano forte, a part cover- 
ed with soft leather to deaden the sound. 

DAMP'ISH, a. Somewhat damp ; moist; humid. 

DAMP'NESS, n. Moisture; moderate humidity. 

DAMPS, n. pi. Noxious exhalations. 

DAM'SEL, n. A young maiden or woman ; a girl. 

DAM'SON (dam'zn), n. A small black plum. 

DANCE (6), v. i. Primarily, to move briskly up 
and down ; to leap ; to frisk ; to move with meas- 
ured steps, regulated by music ; v. t. to dandle. 

DANCE, re. In a general sense, a leaping and step- 
ping to the sound of music; a frisking about; a 
tune for dancing. 

DANCED (danst), pret. and pp. of Dance. 

DAN'CER, n. One that dances. 

DAN'CING, n. A moving up and down; the mo- 
tion of the feet to music. 

DAN'CING-MAS-TER, n. A teacher of dancing. 

DAN'DE-Li-ON, n. A plant with a yellow flower 
on a naked stalk. 

DAN'DI-PRAT, n. A little fellow; an urchin. 

DAN'DLE, v. t. To shake on the knee; to fondle ; 
to treat like a child. 

DAN'DLEE, n. One that dandles; a fondler. 

DAN'DRUFF, n. A scaly scurf on the head. 

DAN'DY, n. A fop in dress ; a coxcomb. 

DAN'DY-ISM, n. The manners of a dandy. 

DaNE, n. A native of Denmark. 

DaN'gER, n. Exposure to evil. — Syn. Peril; haz- 
ard; risk; jeopardy. — Danger is generic; peril 
is instant or impending danger, as in peril of 
one's life. Hazard (lit. a die or throw) arises 



from something fortuitous or beyond our control, 
as the hazard of the seas. Risk (lit. daring) is 
doubtful or uncertain danger, often incurred vol- 
untarily, as to risk an engagement. Jeopardy 
(literally jeu perdu, a lost game) is extreme dan- 
ger, [loss; perilous; causing danger or risk. 

DaN'gER-OUS, a. Full of hazard; exposing to 

DaN'gER-OUS-LY, ad. With hazard; unsafely. 

DAN G 'GLE (dang'gl), v. i. To hang loose and 
shaking; to follow ; to hang on any one. 

DAN G 'GLER, n. One who hangs about women. 

DAN G 'GLING, jopr. or a. Hanging loose; follow- 

DAN'ISH, a. Belonging to the Danes. [ing. 

DaN-ISH, n. The language of the Danes. 

DANK, a. Moist ; wettish ; damp. 

DANK, n. Moisture; damp; wetness. 

DANK'ISH, a. Slightly damp ; moist. 

DAPH'Nis, n. A plant; the mezereon ; the laurel. 

DAP'PER, a. Little; active; brisk; neat. 

DAP'PLE (dHp'pl), a. Of various colors; spotted. 

DAP'PLE, v. t. To spot ; to variegate with spots. 

DAP'PLED (dap'pld) pp. or a. Variegated with 
spots. [with white, &c. 

DAP'PLE-GRaY, n. Gray, streaked or spotted 

DaR-DA-NeLLE$', n. pi. Forts on the straits of 
the same name. 

DARE (4), v. i. Ipret. Dttkst.] To have sufficient 
courage; to be bold enough ; to venture. 

DARE, v. t. To challenge ; to provoke ; to defy ; 
to terrify or amaze, as in bird-catching. 

DAR'IC, n. A gold coin of Darius the Mede, worth 
about $4 50. 

DAR'ING, a. Having or showing great courage. 
— Syn. Fearless ; intrepid; bold; defiant; brave. 

DARK, a. Void of light; wholly or partly black ; 
full of mystery or gloom. — Syn. Obscure ; myste- 
rious; gloomy; blind. [ness; secrecy. 

DARK, n. Absence of light; obscurity; gloomi- 

DARK'^N (diir'kn), v. t. To make dark ; to dim ; 
to perplex ; to sully. [clear. 

DaRK'£N, v. i. To grow dark; to become less 

DXRK'ISH, a. Rather dark; dusky. 

DXRK'LING, a. In poetry, being in the dark. 

DXRK'LY, ad. Dimly; blindly; not clearly. 

DXRK'NESS, n. Want of light; ignorance; se- 
crecy or privacy ; great trouble ; the kingdom of 
Satan. — Syn. Dimness ; obscurity ; gloom. — 
Darkness arises from a total, and dimness from a 
partial want of light. A thing is obscure when 
so overclouded or covered as not to be easily per- 
ceived. As the shade or obscurity increases, it 
deepens into gloom. When taken figuratively, 
these words have a like use, as the darkness of 
ignorance — dimness of discernment — obscurity 
of reasoning — gloom of superstition. [gloomy. 

Da'RK'SGME (diirk'sum), a. Void of light ; 

DAR'LING, a. Dearly beloved ; n. one greatly be- 
loved ; a favorite. 

DARN, v. t. To mend holes or rents in clothes. 

DARN, n. A part mended by darning. 

DAR'NEL, n. A kind of grass of the genus loli- 

DXRN'ING, n. Act of mending holes, [um; tare. 

DART, n. A pointed missile weapon. 

DART, v. t. To throw suddenly or rapidly, as a 
dart. — Syn. To emit; shoot; send forth; v. i. to 
fly or shoot as a dart ; to start, spring forth, or 
run rapidly. 

DART'ER, n. One who throws a dart; a species 
of pelican, so called from his mode of seizing 
fist). [mix; to break up; to confuse. 

DASH, v. t. To strike against ; to blot out ; to 

DASH, v. i. To scatter; to rush violently and 
break through. 

DASH, n. A stroke ; slight infusion ; a mark (— ) 
denoting a break in a sentence. 

DASH'-BoARD, n. A board on the fore part of a 
chaise or other vehicle to protect from mud, &c. 

DASH'ING, a. Rushing; blustering; precipitate; 
foppish. 

DAS'TARD, n. One who meanly shrinks from 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; KULE, BULL ? VI CIOXJS.- 



k; g 



sasz; ch as sh ; this. * Not English. 



DAS 



106 



DEA 



danger. — Syn. A coward ; poltroon ; craven. See 
Cowaed. [cowardly. 

DaS'TARD, a. Meanly shrinking from danger; 

DAS'TARD-IZE, v. t. To make cowardly. 

DAS'TARD-LY, a. Cowardly; meanly timid. 

Da'TA, n. pi. Things given for finding results. 

DaTE, n. The day or time of an event or transac- 
tion ; the fruit of the date or palm-tree. — Syn. 
Period; era; epoch; occasion. 

DaTE, v. t. To note the time of an act or event ; 
v. i. to begin ; to originate. 

DaTE'LESS, a. Having no date mentioned. 

DaTE'-TREE, n. The great palm which bears 
dates. [relating to the dative case. 

Da'TiVE, n. The third of the six Latin cases ; a. 

Da'TUM, n. ; pi. DI'ta. [L.] Something given 
or admitted ; a fact given for finding results. 

DAUB, v. t. To smear with mortar, mud, or foul 
matter; to paint coarsely; to lay on without 
taste ; v. i. to practice gross flattery ; to flatter. 

DAUB, n. A coarse painting. [a low flatterer. 

DAUB'ER, n. One that smears; a poor painter; 

DAUB'ING, n. Coarse painting ; gross flattery. 

DAUB'Y, a. Sticky; slimy; glutinous. 

DAUGH'TER (dau'ter), n. A female child or off- 
spring; woman. Daughter-in-law, a son's wife. 

DAUGH'TER-LY, a. Becoming a daughter. 

DAUNT (dant), v. t. To check by fear of danger. — 
Syn. To intimidate ; terrify ; appall ; dismay ; 
frighten ; discourage. See Dismay. 

DaUNT'LESS, a. Fearless; bold; unappalled. 

DAU'PHIN, n. The eldest son of the king of 
France. 

DAU'PHIN-ESS, n. The wife of the dauphin. 

DAVIT, ft. A piece of timber or iron, with tackles 
for hoisting up a boat or anchor. 

DAW, n. The name of a bird ; the jackdaw. 

DAWDLE, v. i. To waste or trifle away time. 

DAWN, v. i. To begin to grow light ; to begin to 
open and give promise, as the understanding or 
character. 

DAWN, ft. The break of day ; first appearance ; 
beginning light. 

DAWN'ING, a. Expanding; opening; ft. first 
opening or appearance. 

DaY, ft. The time from sunrise to sunset ; the 
twenty-four hours ; light ; period ; fixed time ; 
time of commemorating any event. 

DaY'-BOOK, ft. A journal of accounts ; record 
for the day. 

DaY'BREaK, n. The first appearance of day. 

DaY' BY DaY, ad. Every day ; continually. 

DaY'-DReAM, ft. A vision to the waking senses. 

DaY'-La-BOR, ft. Labor done or paid for by the 
day. , [by the day. 

DaY'-La'BOR-ER, ft. One who works or is paid 

DAY' LIGHT (-lite), ft. The light of the sun; while 
the sun shines. 

DaY or DAYS OF GRACE, ft. In theology, the 
time of mercy for sinners ; in commerce or ex- 
change, usually three days for payment of a note 
after it is due. 

DaYS'MAN, n. An umpire; a mediator. 

DaY'SPRING, ft. The beginning of dawn. 

DaY'-STaR, n. The morning star; Venus; Lu- 
cifer. 

DaY' S'-WoRK, n. Work by the day ; the reckon- 
ing of a ship's course for 24 hours from noon to 
noon. [light. 

DaY'TiME, n. The time when the sun gives 

DaZE, v. t. To dazzle; n. a glittering stone. 

DAZ'ZLE,/y. t. To overpower with light; v. i. to 
be overpowered with light ; to waver. 

DaZ'ZLSD (daz'zld), a. Overpowered with light; 
made unsteady. 

DAZ'ZLING-LY, ad. In a dazzling manner. 

De, a prefix, denotes from, or separation; hence 
used to give a negative sense to words. 

DeA'CON (de'kn), n. An inferior church officer; 
one of the lower order of clergy. 



DeA'CON-ESS (de'kn-ess), n. A female deacon in 
the primitive church. 

DeA'CON-RY, ) ,,.,, . <n. The office, digni- 

DEA'€ON-SHIP, / <- ae Kn " ; ' \ ty, or ministry of a 
deacon. 

DEAD (ded), a. Destitute of life ; motionless ; 
tasteless ; without grace ; complete, as a dead level. 

DEAD (ded), n. The dead ; time or depth of still- 
ness or gloom, as dead of night or winter ; death. 
— Syn. Stillness; gloom; silence. 

DeAD'-BeAT, n. An escapement in a watch, that 
lessens the effect of the wheel on the pendulum. 

DEAD'-€dL-OR-ING, n. The first layer of colors 
in a picture ; a shade of gray. ' [make tasteless. 

DeAD'jBN (ded'dn), v. t. To weaken ; to retard , to 

DeAD'-LeT-TER, n. A letter not called for, and 
sent back to the General Post Office. 

DeAD'-LiFT, n. Lifting at disadvantage ; a hope- 
less exigency. 

DeAD'-LIGHT (ded'-lite), n. A strong, close 
wooden shutter for a cabin-window in a storm. 

DeAD'LY (dud-), a. Adapted or designed to kill. 
— Syn. Mortal; fatal; implacable. 

DeAD'LY, ad. So as to resemble death. 

DeAD'-MXRCH, n. Solemn music at a burial. 

DeAD'NESS, n. Want of life or spirit; vapid- 
ness; indifference; alienation. 

DeAD'-ReCK-ON-ING (ded'-rek-n-ing), n. An 
account of the distance a ship has made, or her 
place by the log, without an observation of the 
heavenly bodies. 

DeAD'-WA-TER, n. The eddy or little whirlpool 
that closes behind a ship as she passes on. 

DeAD'-WEIGHT, n. A heavy burden; weight 
of a slaughtered animal. 

DEAF (def or deef), a Not perceiving sounds; 
wanting the sense of hearing ; unwilling to hear 
or receive. 

DeAF'_EN (dSf'fn), v. t. To make deaf; to stun 
with a loud noise ; to render a floor or wall im- 
pervious to sound by filling in mortar, &c. 

DeAF'NESS (dSf'ness), n. The want of the sense 
of hearing ; unwillingness to hear or notice. 

DeAL, n. A part ; quantity ; art or act of dealing 
cards; boards, &c. 

DEAL, v. t. ipret. and pp. Dealt.] To distribute; 
to divide ; v. i. to negotiate ; to traffic, followed 
by with. 

DeAL'ER, n. One who deals; a trader. 

DeAL'ING, n. Intercourse of business or friend- 
ship; distributing of cards. — Syn. Conduct; treat- 
ment; deportment; traffic; commerce. 

DEAN, n. The second dignitary of a diocese and 
the head of a chapter ; a college officer in En- 
gland. 

DeAN'ER-Y, n. The office or mansion of a dean. 

DeAN'SHIP, n. The office of a dean. 

DEAR, a. Costly ; of high price ; beloved ; a per- 
son beloved ; darling. 

DeAR'BORN, n. A light four-wheeled carriage. 

DeAR'EST, n. A term denoting an object of the 
tenderest affection ; a. of the highest price or val- 
ue ; most beloved. 

DeAR'LY, ad. At a high price ; with fondness. 

DeAR'NESS, n. Scarcity; high price; tender af- 
fection. 

DEARTH (derth), n. Great scarcity ; barrenness. 

DEATH (dGth), n. The extinction of life ; mortal- 
ity; manner of dying; state of the dead; perdi- 
tion. — Syn. Decease ; demise ; departure ; re- 
lease. — Death applies to every form of exist- 
ence ; the other words only to the human race. 
Decease (clecessus) is the term used in law for the 
removal of a human being out of life ; demise 
was formerly confined to the decease of princes, 
but is now sometimes used of distinguished men, 
as the demise of Mr. Pitt; departure and release 
are peculiarly terms of Christian affection and 
hope. [dies; a. dying. 

DeATH'-BeD, ii. The bed or place where one 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what; tiieee, teem; mae'ine, bied; move, 



DEA 



UK 



DEC 



DeATH'LESS, a. Never dying ; immortal. 

DEATH'LIKE, a. Resembling death or a dead 
body; gloomy. [one dying. 

DeATH'-RaT-TLE, n. A rattle in the throat of 

DEATH' S'-DoOR, n. A near approach to death. 

DEATH' S'-MAN, n. An executioner. 

DeATH'-WAR-RANT, n. The order for execu- 
tion of one sentenced to death. 

DeATH'-WATCH (dCth'-wotch), n. A small bee- 
tle, whose noise, like the ticking of a watch, is 
superstitiously imagined to forebode death. 

DE-BXR', v. t. To bar out; to cut off from access 
or enjoyment — Syn. To exclude; preclude; hin- 
der ; deprive of. 

DE-BaRK', v. t. To land from a ship or boat ; v. i. 
to leave a ship and go to land. 

DE-BaRK-a'TION, n. The act of disembarking. 

DE-BaSE', v. t. To bring low; to reduce from a 
higher to a lower state of value. — Syn. To viti- 
ate ; degrade ; adulterate ; depress ; humble. 

DE-BaSE'MENT, n. Act of debasing ; degrada- 
tion L 

DE-BaS'ER, n. One who debases or adulterates. 

DE-BaS'ING, ppr. or a. Adapted or tending to 
lower or degrade. 

DE-BaT'A-BLE, a. Disputable ; that may be con- 
troverted ; subj ect to denial. 

DE-BaTE', v. t. To contend for in argument ; 
v. i. to turn over in the mind ; to examine argu- 
ments. — Syn. To dispute; discuss; argue. 

DE-BaTE', n. Public discussion; dispute; strife; 
the power of being questioned ; report of argu- 
ment, also Debates. [controvertist. 

DE-BaT'ER, n. One who argues or disputes ; a 

DE-BaT'ING SO-Ci'E-TY, n. An association for 
improvement in public discussion. 

DE-BAUCH', n. Excess in eating and drinking ; 
lewdness; intemperance. [ate. 

DE-BAUCH', v. t. To seduce ; to corrupt ; to viti- 

DEB-AU-cHEE' (deb-o-shee'),tt. A rake; drunk- 
ard. 

DE-BAUCH'ER, n. A person who debauches. 

DE-BAUCH'ER-Y, n. Intemperance; lewdness. 

DE-BAUCH'MENT, n. Act of vitiating or de- 
bauching^ act of seducing from virtue. 

DE-BeNT'uRE (de-bent'yur), n. A writing which 
is evidence of a debt ; certificate of drawback. 

DE-BeNT'uR^D (-b£nt'yurd), a. A term applied 
to goods entitled to a drawback. 

DeB'iLE (deb'il), a. Relaxed ; feeble ; faint. 

DE-BiL'I-TaTE, v. t. To make feeble.— Syn. To 
weaken; enfeeble; relax; enervate; bring low. 

DE-BIL'I-TY, n. Weakness of body or mind.— 
Syn. Infirmity; imbecility. — An infirmity be- 
longs, for the most part, to individual members, 
and is often temporary, as of the eyes, &c. ; de- 
bility is more general, and prevents, while it lasts, 
the ordinary functions of nature ; imbecility at- 
taches to the whole frame, and renders it more 
or less powerless. These words, in their figura- 
tive uses, have the same distinctions; we speak 
of infirmity of will, debility of intellect, and an 
imbecility which affects the whole man. 

DeB'IT, n. The debtor side of account-books ; 
money due. 

DeB'IT, v. t. To charge with debt ; to enter on 
the debit side of accounts. 

DEB-O-XAIR', a. Elegant; well-bred; gay. 

DE-BoUcH' (de-boosh'), v. i. To march out of a 
wood, narrow pass, or defiles. [of a river. 

*DE-BOU-cHf RE' (da-boo-shureO, n. The mouth 

+DE'BRiS' (da'bree'), n. [/*>.] Ruins; fragments 
of rocks ; wreck of a routed army. [crime. 

DEBT (det), n. What one owes to another; guilt; 

DEBT-EE' (det-ee'), n. One to whom a debt is 

DeBT'LESS, a. Free from debt. [due. 

DEBT'OR, n. One who owes another or is bound 
to do something. 

+DE'BuT' (da'ba'), n. [Fr.] A first appearance 
as an actor or public speaker; a beginning. 



+DEBUTANT, ) ,,- , - ... ,, jn. One who 
+DEBUTANTE./ (da - b "- tan g ) >i makes his or 

her first appearance before the public. 
DE€'A-DAL, a. Pertaining to ten. 
De€'ADE, n. The sum or number of ten. 

DE-CA'DENCE ''} n ' State of decay ; decline - 

DeC'A-OON, n. A figure often sides and angles. 

De€'A-6YN, n. A plant having ten pistils. 

DE€-A-He'DRAL, a. Having ten sides. 

DE€-A-I1e'DRON, n. A figure with ten sides. 

DE-€aL'I-TER,) n. A lrench liquid measure 

DeC'A-Li-TRE. / containing ten liters, or about 
twelve quarts und a half, wine measure. 

DE-OaL'O-gIST, n. One who explains the deca- 
logue. 

De€'A-L6GUE (duk'a-log), n. The ten command- 
ments. 

DE-€AM'E-RON, n. A volume consisting of ten 
books. 

DE-€aM'E-TER,\ n. A French measure of 

D£C'A-ME-TRE, / length, being ten metres, 
about thirty-three feet. [part. 

DE-€AMP', v. i. To remove from a camp ; to de- 

DE-€aMP'MENT, n. Act of shifting a camp ; 
moving off. [angles. 

DE€-aN g 'G-U-LAR (-ang'gu-lar), a. Having ten 

DE-€aNT', v. t. To pour off or out a liquid from 
the sediment. 

DE-CANT-a'TION. n. The act of decanting. 

DE-€aNT'ER, n. A glass vessel for liquors. 

DE-€aP'I-TaTE, v. t. To cut off the head ; to de- 
collate. 

DE-€AP-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of beheading. 

De€'A-POD, n. An animal with ten feet. 

DE-€aR-BON-I-Za'TION, n. The process of 
freeing a substance of its carbon. 

DE-€XR'BON-IZE, v. t. To free from carbon. 

DeCA-STyLE, n. A portico with ten columns in 
front. 

DE€-A.-SYL-LaB'I€, a. Having ten syllables. 

DE-€aY', n. Literally, a falling off; a failure or 
wasting away, as of health, fortune, &c. — Syn. 
Decline. — Decay is stronger than decline. What 
is declining leans toward a fall ; what is decaying 
is on_the way to destruction. [perish. 

DE-€aY', v. i. To decline; to wither; to fail; to 

DE-€aY'ING, a. Subject to failure; liable to 
perish. 

DE-CEASE', n. Departure from life ; death. See 
Death. 

DE-CeASE', v. i. To depart from life ; to die. 

DE-CeAS-ED' (-seesf), a. Departed from life ; 
dead. 

DE-CeIT' (-seef), n. Literally, a catching; hence, 
the misleading or over-reaching of a person ; de- 
vice intended to mislead. — Syn. Duplicity; guile; 
fraud ; artifice. See Deception. 

DE-CeIT'FUL, a. Given to deception ; insincere. 

DE-CEIT'FEL-LY, ad. In a deceitful manner. 

DE-CEIT'FUL-NESS, n. Disposition to deceive. 

DE-CEIV'A-BLE, a. That may be deceived. 

DE-CeIVE', v. t. To mislead intentionally; to 
frustrate. — Syn. To delude ; beguile ; cheat ; 
mock; fail. 

DE-CeIVFD' (de-seevd'), pp. or a. Misled; im- 
posed on ; cheated. 

DE-CEIV'ER, n. One that deceives or misleads. 
— Syn. Impostor. — A deceiver operates by stealth 
and in private ; an impostor practices his arts on 
the community at large. The one succeeds by 
artful falsehood, the other by bold assumption. 

DE-CeM'BER, n. The last month of the year. 

DE-CeMTE-DAL, a. Ten feet in length. 

DE-C£M'YIR; pi. De-cem'vi-ki or De-cem'vte$, 
n. One of the Roman rulers whose authority was 
absolute for two years. 

DE-CEM'YI-RAL. a. Pertaining to the decemvirs. 

DE-C£M'YI-RATE, n. Government by ten de- 
cemvirs. 



dove, wolf, book; kule; bull; vi cious. — e as k; g as j; s as z; en as sn; this. 



Hot English. 



DEC 



108 



DEC 



De'CEN-CY, ft. "What is becoming ; fitness ; pro- 
priety; modesty. 

DE-CEN'NA-RY, ft. A term of ten years. 

DE-CeN'NI-AL, a. Continuing for or happening 
every ten years. 

De'GENT, a. Suitable or becoming in words, con- 
duct, dress, behavior, &c. ; in popular language, 
moderate but competent. — Syn. Proper; comely; 
seemly; fit. [ety. 

De'CENT-LY, ad. Fitly; modestlv; with propri- 

DE-CEP-TI-BiL'I-TY, ft. The quality or state of 
being liable to be deceived. 

DE-CeP'TI-BLE, a. Liable to be deceived. 

DE-CeP'TION (-sep'shun), ft. Act of deceiving; 
state of being deceived or misled. — Syn. Deceit; 
fraud; imposition. — Deception usually refers to 
tbe act, and deceit to the habit of the mind ; hence 
we speak of a person as skilled in deception and 
addicted to deceit. An imposition is an act of de- 
ception practiced upon some one to his annoyance 
or injury; & fraud implies the use of stratagem, 
with a view to some unlawful gain or advantage. 

DE-CeP'TiVE, a. Liable or tending to deceive; 
deceitful; false; treacherous. [spell. 

DE-CHaRM', v. t. To disenchant; to remove a 

DE-€HRiS'TIAN-lZE (-krist'yan-), v. t. To turn 
from Christianity, or Christian belief. 

DE-CIDE', v. t. To fix the event of; to determine 
by authority ; to bring to an end. — Syn. To finish ; 
conclude; settle; restore. [cal. 

DE-CiD'ED, a. Being decisive; firm; unequivo- 

DE-CID'ED-LY, ad. With determination; abso- 
lutely; clearly; indisputably. 

DeC'I-DENCE, ft. A falling off. 

DE-CiD'u-OUS (de-sld'yu-us), a. Falling in au- 
tumn, as leaves. 

DE-CiL'LION, ft. In English, a unit with sixty 
ciphers ; in French, with thirty-three. 

DeC'I-MAL (dSs'e-mal), a. Numbered by ten; in- 
creasing or diminishing by tens; n. a tenth. 

DeC'I-MaTE, v. t. To take the tenth ; to tithe. 

DEC-I-Ma'TION, ft. The act of taking the tenth. 

DeC'I-MO-SeX'TO, ft. A book shaped like a du- 
odecimo, and next smaller in size; originally it 
had_16 leaves to a sheet, and hence the name. 

DE-CI'PIIEK, v. t. To explain ciphers ; to unfold ; 
to unravel what is intricate. 

DE-Cl'PHER-ER, ft. One who finds out or ex- 
plains what is written in ciphers. [folding. 

DE-Cl'PHER-ING, ft. The act of explaining or un- 

DE-CiS'ION (-sizh'un), ft. Determination ; prompt- 
ness or firmness in determining ; report of opin- 
ions of a court, &c. — Syn. Resolution; conclu- 
sion ; j udgment ; sentence. See Determination. 

DE-Ci'SiVE, a. That ends or settles a question. 

DE-Cl'SO-RY, a. Tending to decide ; final. 

DECK, v. t. Primarily, to cover; to dress; to 
adorn ; to set off; to furnish with a deck. 

DECK, w. The floor of a ship ; a pile of cards. 

DeCK'ER, ft. A person who adorns ; of a ship, two 
or three decker, i. e. , having two or three decks. 

DECK'ING, ft. Ornament; embellishment. 

DE-CLAIM', v. i. To speak an oration ; to speak 
with inflation of style and manner. 

DE-CLaIM'ANT,1 ft. One who declaims ; a speak- 

DE-CLaIM'ER, j er in public. 

DE-CLaIM'INGt, ft. The act of speaking in pub- 
lic; a loud harangue. 

DEC-LA-Ma'TION, ft. A speech in public; har- 
angue ; discourse addressed to the passions. 

DE-CLAM'A-TO-RY, a. Partaking of declama- 
tion; rhetorical ; without solid sense or argument. 

DE-CL AR'A-BLE, a. That may be made known or 
asserted. 

DEC-LA- Ra'TION, ft. Affirmation; assertion; 
proclamation ; expression of promises, &c. 

DE-CLAR'A-TiVE, a. That declares or proclaims ; 
making manifestation ; explanatory. 

DE-CLAR'A-TO-RY, a. Affirmative ; proclaiming ; 
expressive. 



DE-CLARE' (4), v. t. To make plain ; to affirm ; to 
say; to tell; to assert; v. i. to make known an 
opinion ; to set forth reasons ; to show the issue ; 
to'decide in favor of. 

DE-CLAR'ED-LY, ad. Avowedly; explicitly. 

DE-CLeN'SION, ft. Act of declining ; decay ; cor- 
ruption of morals ; inflection of nouns by case, &c. 

DE-CLIN'A-BLE, a. That may be declined or va- 
ried, [earth. 

DeC'LI-NATE, a. Curving ; bending toward the 

DEC-LI-Na'TION, ft. A leaning; declension; de- 
cay. In astronomy, distance of any celestial ob- 
ject from the equinoctial line north or south. 

DE-CLiN'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to shun ; avoiding. 

DE-CLiN'A-TURE, ft. A declining ; act of non- 
acceptance. 

DE-CLINE', v. i. To lean; to deviate; to fail; to 
decay ; v. t. to shun ; to refuse ; to inflect words 
by cases, &c. 

DE-CLINE', ft. Literally, a leaning ; hence, a fall- 
ing off; tendency to a lower or worse state. — Syn. 
Decay; consumption. — The first stage of the 
downward progress is decline; decay follows, 
tending to ultimate destruction ; consumption is 
steady decay from an inward wasting of strength. 

DEC-LI-N6M'E-TER, ft. An instrument for meas- 
uring the variations of the needle. 

DE-CLiV'I-TOUS, a. Descending downward; 
sloping ; not precipitous. 

DE-CLlV'I-TY, ft. Inclination downward ; grad- 
ual descent. [boiling ; to digest. 

DE-CoCT', v. t. To boil ; to seethe ; to extract by 

DE-CoCT'I-BLE, a. That may be boiled. 

DE-CoC'TION (-kok'shun), ft. Act of boiling; ex- 
tract obtajned by boiling. 

DE-COL'LaTE, v. t. To behead; to decapitate. 

DE-COL'OR (-kul'lur), v. t To deprive of color; 
to bleach. [color, or bleaches. 

DE-COL'OR-ANT, ft. A substance which removes 

DE-COM-Po$E', v. t. To separate constituent 
parts; to dissolve or disunite substances chemic- 
ally combined, [either of simples or compounds. 

DE-COM-PoS'iTE, a. Compounded a second time 

DE-COM-PO-SI"TION (-zish'un), ft. Resolution 
into constituent parts or forces. 

DE-COM-POUND', v. t. To compound a second 
time ; to mix again. 

DE-COM-POUND', a. Compounded again. 

DE-COM-POUND'A-BLE, a. That may be com- 
pounded again. 

DeC'O-RaTE, v. t. To beautify by adding at- 
tractive qualities. — Syn. To adorn; embellish; 
enrich ; ornament. See Adorn. 

DEC-O-Ra'TION, ft. Act of adorning ; that which 
decorates or renders attractive. — Syn. Embellish- 
ment; ornament; garniture. 

DeC'O-RA-TiVE, a. Fitted to adorn. [lishes. 

DeC'O-Ra-TOR, ft. One who beautifies or embel- 

DE-Co'ROUS,_a. Decent; becoming; suitable. 

DE-CoR'TI-CaTE, v. t. To bark; to strip off, as 
bark ; to peel. 

DE-Co'RUM, ft. Propriety of speech or behavior ; 
good order. — Syn. Dignity. — Decorum is that 
which is becoming in outward act or appearance ; 
dignity springs from an inward elevation of soul 
producing a correspondent effect on the man- 
ners. — The decorum of a public assembly; the 
dignity of the men who compose it. 

DE-COY' v. t. To allure into a snare or net; to 
mislead. [catching. 

DE-COY', ft. A lure to catch fowls ; the place for 

DE-COY'-DuCK, ft. A duck used to lead others 
into a net, &c. ; hence, a person employed to de- 
coy others. [as a debt, &c. 

DE-CREASE', v. t. To make less ; to bring down, 

DE-CReASE', v. i. To grow less; to fall off grad- 
ually. — Syn. Diminish. — Things usually decrease 
or fall off by degrees, and from within, or through 
some cause which is imperceptible ; as the flood 
decreases; the cold decreases ; their affection has 



&c, long. — a, e, &c, slwrt. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird ; move, 



DEC 



109 



DEF 



decreased. Things commonly diminish or are di- 
minished by an action from. without, or one which 
is apparent ; as the army was diminished by dis- 
ease; bis property is diminishing through' ex- 
travagance ; their affection has diminished since 
their separation. The turn of thought, however, 
is often such that the^e words may be inter- 
changed. 

DE-€ReASE', n. A becoming less ; gradual dim- 
inution; decay. 

DE-CREE', v. t. To determine judicially ; to re- 
solve by sentence ; to make an edict ; to fix or ap- 
point. 

DE-CREE', n. An order or decision made by a 
court or other competent authority.— Syn. Edict ; 
ordinance. 

DEC'EE-MENT, n. Decrease ; diminution. 

DE-CReP'IT, a. Wasted and worn by age; in- 
firm. 

DE-CReP'IT-aTE, v. t. To roast in a strong heat 
with crackling ; v. i. to crackle in the fire, as 
salts do. 

DE-€REP-IT-a'TION, n. The separation of parts 
with a crackling noise occasioned by heat. , 

DE-CReP'IT-NESS,? n. Broken or infirm' state 

DE-€ReP'IT-uDE, j of the body; enfeebled or 
worn out old age. 

DE-CReS'CEXT, a. Decreasing; growing less. 

DE-GRe'TAL, a. Containing a decree. 

DE-€Re'TAL, n. An authoritative order ; a letter 
of thepope ; book of decrees. 

DE-ORe'TIST, n. One who studies or who as- 
sumes to know the decretals. 

DE-CRe'TIVE, a. Having the force of a decree. 

DeC'RE-TO-RY, a. Established by decree ; final. 

DE-CRl'AL, n. A crying down ; a clamorous cen- 
sure ;_ condemnation by censure. [sured. 

DE-CRLED' (-krlde'), pp. or a. Cried down ; cen- 

DE-CRi'ER, n. One who decries or censures. 

DE-GRUST-a'TION, n. The removal of a crust 
from. 

DE-CRy', v. t. To cry down; to rail at. — Syn. 
Depreciate ; detract ; disparage. — Decry and de- 
preciate refer to the estimation in which a thing 
is held, the former seeking to cry it down, and 
the latter to run it down in the opinion of others. 
Detract and disparage refer to merit or value, 
which the former assails with caviling, &c, while 
the latter willfully underrates and seeks to de- 
grade it. Men decry their rivals and depreciate 
their measures. The envious detract from the 
merit of a good action, and disparage the mo- 
tives of him who performs it. 

DE€-u-Ba'TION, n. The act of lying down. 

DE-OuM'BENCE, ? n. The act or posture of ly- 

DE-CuM'BEX-CY,J ing down. 

DE-€0M'BEXT, a. Lying down ; bending down. 

De€'u-PLE (dC-k'yu-pl), a. Tenfold ; repeated ten 
times. [v. t. to make tenfold. 

De€'c-PLE, n. A number repeated ten times; 

DE-€u'RI-ON, n. A commander of ten men. 

DE-GuR'RENT, a. Extending downward. 

DE-CuR'SION (-kur'shun), n. Act of running 
down. 

DE-GuRT'^ v. t. To shorten by cutting off. 

DE-GCS'SaTE. v. t. To intersect at acute angles. 

DE-CUS-Sa'TION, n. A crossing at unequal an- 
gles ; a crossing in the form of an X. 

DED'A-LOUS. See D^edalous. [unbecoming. 

DE-DeC'O-ROUS, a. Disgraceful ; shameful; 

DeDT-CaTE, v. t. To set apart solemnly to some 
use ; to jnscribe. See Devote. [scribed. 

DED-I-Ca'TION, n. Consecration ; address in- 

DeD'I-Ca-TOR, n. One who dedicates or in- 
scribes. 

DeD'LCA-TO-RY, a. Forming a dedication. 

DE-DuCE', v. t. To draw, as an inference; to 
conclude from reasoning. 

DE-DuCE'MEXT, n. Inference; what is collected 
from premises ; the thing deduced. 



DE-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be inferred. 

DE-Du'ClVE, a. Performing the act of deduction; 
tending to deduce. [separate or remove. 

DE-DuCT', v. t. To subtract; to take from; to 

DE-DuC'TION, n. The act of deducting ; an 
abatement; an inference deduced from premises. 
— Syn. Discount; diminution; conclusion. 

DE-DuGT'lVE, a. That is or may be deduced. 

DEED, n. That which is done ; act ; performance ; 
a writing which conveys real estate. — Syn. Ex- 
ploit; achievement; feat. 

DEED, v. t. To convey or transfer by deed. [U. S.] 

DEED'LESS, a. Without exploits ; inactive. 

DEEM, v. t. To think ; to judge ; to conclude. 

DEEMED (deemd), pp. Judged; supposed; 
thought. 

DEEP, a. Far down ; at the bottom ; profound ; 
secret ; sagacious ; intricate ; dark. [night. 

DEEP, n. The sea ; an abyss ; still part, as deep of 

DEEP'JffN (de'pu), v. t. To make more deep; v. 
i. to become or grow deep. 

DEEP'LY, ad. To a low degree ; greatly ; pro- 
foundly, [hoarse sound. 

DEEP-MOUTHED (-mouthd), a. Making a loud 

DEEP'-MuS-ING, a. Lost in thought; pensive; 
sad. 

DEEP'-ReAD (deep'red), a. Profoundly versed. 

DEEP'-WaIST-ED, a. In a ship, where the 
quarter-deck and forecastle are raised four feet 
or more above the main deck. 

DEER, n. sing, and pi. A ruminating quadruped 
of the genus cervus, which sheds its antlers, kept 
or hunted for venison. [cover, to shoot deer. 

DEER'-STALK-IXG, n. Lying in wait or under 

DE-FaCE', v. t. To disfigure ; to erase ; to mar. 

DE-FaCE'MENT, n. Injury to the surface; ob- 
literation ; rasure ; that which mars beauty. 

DE-FaC'ER, n. One that mars or spoils. 

DE-FaL'OaTE, v. t. To lop off; to take away. 

DE-FAL-Ca'TIOX, n. A cutting off; decrease; 
deficit of funds ; that which is cut off. 

DEF-A-Ma'TIOX, n. The utterance of falsehood 
against one ; detraction ; reproach. 

DE-FAM'A-TO-RY, a. Calumnious; scandalizing. 

DE-FaME', v. t. To speak evil of falsely.— Syn. 
To calumniate ; asperse ; vilify. 

DE-FaM'ER, n. One that slanders. 

DE-FAULT', n. Failure ; omission ; defect ; non- 
appearance of a defendant. 

DE-FAULT', v. t. To call in court, and record for 
not appearing ; v. i. to fail in a contract. 

DE-FAULT'ER, n. One who fails to pay or to ac- 
count for public money. 

DE-FeAS'ANCE (-fu'zance), n. An annulling or 
making void ; a writing which thus annuls. 

DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. That may be annulled. 

DE-FeAT', n. Overthrow ; loss of battle ; success- 
ful resistance ; frustration. 

DE-FeAT', v. t. To overcome, as an army ; to re- 
sist with success ; to render null and void. — Syn. 
To conquer ; subdue ; overpower ; rout ; put to 
flight ; frustrate ; foil ; discomfort ; baffle. 

DeF'E-€aTE, v. t. To purify, as liquors, from foul 
matter; to refine; to clarify. 

DeF'E-CATE, 1 a. Purified ; freed from lees 

DeF'E-€a-TEDJ or foulness. 

DE-FeCT', n. A want or deficiency.— Syn. Fault. 
— Defect is negative, denoting the absence of that 
which is necessary to a thing's completeness or 
perfection; fault is positive, denoting something 
improper or wrong. The faults of a friend are 
too often palliated into mere defects. [volt. 

DE-F£€'T10N, n. A failure ; falling away ; re- 

DE-FeCT'1VE, a. Wanting in some important 
respect ; in*perfedt. There is the same difference 
between defective and faulty as between defect 
and fault. 

DE-Fe€T'iVE-LY, ad. Imperfectly. 

DE-FENCE', n. Protection from injury; resist- 
ance ; vindication. See Defense. 



dove, avolf, book ; eule, nuLL ; vi"cior;s, — € as k ; (iasj; s as z ; cii as sii ; this. + flat JEJnglish. 



DEF 



110 



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DE-FeND', v. t To guard from injury; to main- 
tain uninjured. — Syn. To protect. — To defend is 
literally to xoard off ; to protect is to cover over. 
We defend those who are attacked ; we protect 
those who are liable to injury or invasion. A 
fortress is defended by its guns, and protected by 
its walls. See also Vindicate. 

DE-FeND', v. i. To make opposition. 

DE-FeND'A-BLE, a. That may be defended. 

DE-FeND'ANT, n. One who defends. In laio, 
the party accused or who denies a complaint, de- 
mand, or charge ; a. proper for defense ; making 
defense. 

DE-FeND'ER, n. One who guards or vindicates. 

DE-FeN'SA-TIVE, n. Any thing that serves as 
a defense ; a bandage or plaster for a wound. 

DE-FeNSE', n. Protection from injury; vindica- 
tion. [This spelling is preferable to the common 
one, defence, because the leading derivatives have 
s and not c; as defensive, defensible, &c.]— Syn. 
Justification; plea; apology. 

DE-FeNSE'LESS, a. Being without defense ; un- 
armed. 

DE-FeNS'iVE, a. Adapted to protect; that de- 
fends ; n. that which defends ; safeguard. 

DE-FeR' (13), v. t. To put off; v. i. to yield to an- 
other; to submit to one's opinion. — Syn. To de- 
lay; postpone; adjourn. 

DeF'ER-ENCE, n. A deferring or yielding to the 
judgment or wishes of another. — Syn. Respect. — 
Deference usually, but not always, implies re- 
spect. We may defer on some one point to a 
man who knows better than we do, while we have 
no general respect for his character. 

DeF'ER-ENT, n. That which carries or conveys. 

DeF'ER-ENT, a. Bearing ; conveying. 

DEF-ER-eN'TIAL, a. Expressing deference. 

DE-Fi'ANCE, n. An invitation to combat; con- 
tempt of danger. — Syn. Challenge; daring; brav- 
ery. 

DE-Ff'CIEN-CY (-fish'en-sy),? n. A falling short; 

DE-Fl"CIENCE (-fish'ense), f imperfection. 

DE-Fi"CIENT (-f ish'ent), a. Falling short.— Syn. 
Wanting; defective; imperfect. 

DeF'I-CIT, n. [Z,.] Want; deficiency. 

DE-Fl'ER, n. One who dares another to combat. 

DE-FILE', n. A narrow passage, as between hills, 
as if for a single file. 

DE-FiLE', v. t. To pollute ; to corrupt ; v. i. to 
march off in a line, or file by file ; to file off. 

DE-FIL.ED' (-ffld'), a. Polluted ; corrupted ; vio- 
lated. 

DE-FiLE'MENT, n. The act or state of being de- 
filed; pollution; corruption. 

DE-FlL'ER, n. One who pollutes or defiles. 

DE-FlNE', v. t. Literally, to mark the limits of; 
to fix the sense of, as to define a word ; to explain 
clearly. — Syn. To determine ; limit ; ascertain ; 
mark out ; describe. [marks the limits. 

DE-FIN'ER, n. He who ascertains, explains, or 

DeF'I-NITE, a. Having precise limits ; settled 
with precision. — Syn. Certain ; determinate ; 
exact ; clear ; precise. [with precision. 

DeF'I-NiTE-LY, ad. With certain limitation; 

DEF-I-Nl"TION (-nish'un), n. A brief statement 
showing the essential properties of a thing or the 
exact meaning of a word. — Syn. Explanation ; 
description. — A definition (lit, tracing of limits) 
is designed to settle a thing in its compass and 
extent; an explanation (lit, making plain) is in- 
tended to remove some obscurity or misunder- 
standing, and is therefore more extended and 
minute ; a description enters into striking partic- 
ulars with a view to interest or impress by graph- 
ic effect. 

DE-FiN'I-TiVE, a. Determinate; final. 

DE-FiN'I-TiVE, n. An adjective that explains or 
limits the signification of words. 

DE-FLX'GRA-BLE, a. Combustible. 

DeF'LA-GRaTE, v. t To burn ; to consume. 



DEF-LA-GRa'TION, n. A consuming by fire; a 
sudden and_sparkling combustion. 

DeF'LA-GRa-TOR, n. A galvanic instrument for 
producing rapid and powerful combustion. 

DE-FLe€T', v. i. To turn from or aside ; to de- 
viate ; v. t. to bend or turn from a right line. 

DE-FLe€'TION (-flSk'shun), n. A turning from 
a right line. [a bending down ; deviation. 

DE-FLeX'URE (-fljk'shur), n. A turning aside; 

DEF-LO-Ra'TION, n. Act of depriving of prime 
beauties ; violation of chastity. 

DE-FLOUR', v. t To take away prime beauties; 
to deprive of virtue ; to ravish. 

DE-FLuX'ION (-fluk'shun), n. A flowing down or 
off, as of humors. 

DEF-CE-Da'TION, n. Act of making filthy. 

DE-FO-LI-a'TION, n. The falling of leaves; 
shedding of leaves. 

DE-FoRCE', v. t To disseize and hold by wrong. 

DE-FoRCE'MENT, n. The holding of lands by 
wrong. 

DE-FoR'CIANT (-for'shant), n. He that keeps 
out of possession the rightful owner of an estate. 

DE-F6RM', v. t. To mar; to disfigure; to make 
ugly- 

DEF-ORM-a'TION, n. A disfiguring or defacing. 

DE-F5RM£D', a. Disfigured ; ill-shaped ; bare. 

DE-FoRM'I-TY, n. Unnatural shape; want of 
symmetry; any thing that destroys beauty or 
grace. — Syn. Ugliness ; distortion ; blemish. 

DE-FRAUD', v. t. To cheat ; to deceive ; to wrong 
in contracts. 

DE-FRAUD'ER, n. One who defrauds or cheats. 

DE-FR^UD'MENT, n. The act of defrauding. 

DE-FRaY', v. t. To bear or pay, as expenses. 

DE-FRaY'ER, n. One who pays expenses. 

DeFT, a. Neat; dextrous; fit. 

DeFT'LY, ad. Neatly; dextrously. 

DE-FuNCT', a. Deceased. 

DE-FuNCT', n. A person dead. 

DE-Fy', v. t. To invite to a contest ; to treat with 
contempt. — Syn. To dare ; challenge ; outbrave ; 
contemn; despise. 

DE-Fy'ER, n. One who defies. See Defiee. 

DE-geN'ER-A-CY, n. A growing worse ; decline 
in good qualities ; poorness ; meanness. 

DE-geN'ER-ATE, a. Having declined in natural 
or moral worth ; corrupt ; base. [ities. 

DE-geN'ER-aTE, v. i. To decline in moral qual- 

DE-gEN-ER-a'TION, n. A growing worse. 

DE-geN'ER-OUS, a. Having fallen to a worse 
state; low; vile; mean; unworthy. 

DE-GLu'TIN-aTE, v. t. To unglue. 

DEG-LU-Ti"TION (deg-lu-tish'un), n. The act or 
power of swallowing. 

DEG-RA-Da'TION, n. A depriving of rank, of- 
fice, or honor ; baseness ; dishonor ; debasement ; 
in geology, a wearing away by the action of wa- 
ter or_other causes. See Abasement. 

DE-GRaDE', v. t. To reduce in rank, office, or 
honor ; to lessen the value of; to bring down. — 
Syn. To depress ; humble ; debase ; lower ; sink ; 
dishonor. [ered ; sunk. 

DE-GRaD'ED, pp. or a. Reduced in rank ; low- 

DE-GRaD'ING, a. Dishonoring ; adapted to dis- 
grace. 

DE-GREE', n. A step; class; extent; proportion; 
the 360th part of a circle ; an interval of sound in 
music ; a mark of distinction conferred by a col- 
lege on students. [tasting. 

DEG-US-Ta'TION, n. A tasting; the sense of 

DE-HIS'CENCE, n. A gaping; the opening of 
capsules. [plant. 

DE-HiS'CENT, a. Opening, as the capsule of a 

DE-HoRT',_v. t To dissuade or advise against. 

DE-HORT-a'TION, n. Advice against a measure. 

DE-HoRT'A-TO-RY, a. Dissuading. [deities. 

DE-IF-I€-a'TION, n. The act of enrolling among 

De'I-FLEJD (-fide), pp. or a. Made divine ; ranked 
with the deity. 



I, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short — cake, fae, last, fall, what; these, teem; maeine, bied; move, 



DEI 



111 



DEL 



De'1-Fi-ER, n. A person who deifies. 

De'I-FORM, a. Of a godlike form. 

De'I-Fy, v. t. To exalt to the rank of a deity; to 
reverence as a god. [allow. 

DEIGN (dane), v. t. To think worthy ; to grant or 

DEIGN (dane), v. i. To condescend ; to vouchsafe. 

DEIGN'ING (dan'ing), n. A regarding some per- 
son or thing as worthy; a condescension. 

+Dk'I GEa'TI-A (-gra'she-a). By the grace of God. 

DEIP-NoS'O-PIIIST (drpe-nos'o-phist), n. A phi- 
losopher of the sect famed for conversation at 
meals. 

De'ISM, n. A denial of revelation. 

De'IST, n. One who helieves in a God, but denies 
a revelation from him. 

DE-IST'I€, \ a. Relating to or containing de- 

DE-IST'I€-AL,f ism; embracing deism. 

De'I-TY, n. Godhead; divinity; God; a fabulous 
god or goddess. [discourage. 

DE-Je€T', v. t. To cast down; to render sad; to 

DE-Je€T'ED, a. Downcast; dispirited. 

DE-Je€T'ED-LY, ad. With discouragement. 

DE-Je€'TION (-jek'shun), n. Depression of spir- 
its; melancholy occasioned by grief or misfor- 
tune. 

DE-LAPSE', v. i. To fall or slide down. 

DE-LaY', v. t. To put off; to render slow. — Syn. 
To defer; detain; protract; retard; withhold. 

DE-LaY', n. Hinderance; stop; detention. 

DE-LaY'ER, n. One who hinders or detains. 

+De'LE, v. t. [I/.] Blot out; efface. 

DeL'E-BLE, a. That can be blotted out. 

DE-Le€T'A-BLE, a. Delightful; very pleasing. 

DE-Le€TJA-BLY, ad. With great delight. 

DeL'E-GaTE, v. t. To send away ; to depute ; to 
intrust. 

DeL'E-GATE, \ a. Commissioned to act for an- 

DeL'E-Ga-TED,j" other. [er; representative. 

DeL'E-GATE, n. One deputed to act for anoth- 

DEL-E-Ga'TION, n. A sending away ; giving au- 
thority to act for another; the person or persons 
deputed to act for another; hi law, assignment 
of a_debt. See Legation. 

DE-LeTE', v. t. To blot out. [structive. 

DEL-E-Te'RI-OUS, a. Deadly; poisonous; de- 

DE-Le'TION, n. Act of blotting out or erasing. 

DEL'E-TO-RY, n. That Vhich blots out. 

DeLF, n. E_arthenware glazed ; a mine. 

DE-LIB'ER-aTE, v. i. To weigh in the mind ; to 
consider attentively. — Syn. To ponder ; counsel ; 
hesitate ; demur ; v. t. to weigh with care. 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE, a. Circumspect; slow; advised. 

DE-LIB-ER-a'TION, n. Act of weighing in the 
mind; mutual consultation; cool reflection. — 
Syn. Thoughtfulness ; circumspection; wariness; 
caution ; consultation. [with deliberation. 

DE-LIB'ER-A-TIVE, a. That deliberates; acting 

DeL'I-CA-C Y, 11. That which delights the taste ; 
quality of nice feeling or discrimination; minute 
accuracy; softness of manner; fineness of text- 
ure; tenderness of constitution. — Syn. Fineness; 
nicety; softness; smallness. 

DeL'I-CATE, a. Nice; soft; smooth; dainty; 
tender; fine; feeble. 

DeL'I-€ATE-LY, ad. With nicety; daintily; 
with nice regard to propriety and the feelings of 
others. 

DE-Li"CIOUS (de-lish'us), a. Affording great de- 
light. — Syn. Delightful. — Delicious refers to the 
pleasure derived from certain of the senses, as 
delicious food, a delicious fragrance; delightful 
may also refer to most of the senses, but has a 
higher application to matters of taste, feeling, 
and sentiment, as a delightful abode, conversa- 
tion, prospect, &c. 

DE-LT"CI_OrS-LY, ad. Sweetly; delightfully. 

DEL-I-Ga'TION, n. Act of binding up or band- 
aging, [which affords satisfaction. 
DE-LiGHT' (-lite'), n. Great joy or pleasu; e ; that 
DE-LiGIIT' (-lite'), v. t. To give great pleasure to ; 



to receive great pleasure in ; v. i. to enjoy great- 
ly; to have great pleasure. 

DE-LiGHT'EO, a. Greatly pleased. 

DE-LiGHT'FUL, a. Affording great delight — ap- 
plied equally to the mind and the senses. See 
Delicious. [charmingly. 

DE-LIGHT'FUL-LY, ad. With much pleasure ; 

DE-LiGIIT'LESS, a. With nothing to please or 
cheer the mind. [pleasing. 

DE-LIGHT'SoME (-lite'sum), a. Pleasant; very 

DE-LiN'E-A-MENT, n. Representation by delin- 
eation. 

DE-LiN'E-aTE, v. t. To draw the outline ; to rep- 
resent in picture ; to describe or portray in a live- 
ly manner. — Syn. To depict; sketch; paint. 

DE-LIN-E-a'TION, n. The act of drawing the 
outline or the outlines of a thing ; first draught ; 
sketch ; description. ' 

DE-LiN'E-a-TOR, n. One who delineates. 

DE-LIN'QUEN-CY (de-link'wen-sy), n. Failure or 
omission of duty ; fault ; offense ; crime. 

DE-LIN'QUENT (de-link'went), a. Failing in 
duty ; faulty. [or commits a crime. 

DE-LiN'QUENT, n. One who fails to do his duty 

DeL'I-QUaTE, v. t. To melt; to dissolve ; v. i. to 
be melted or dissolved. 

DEL-I-QUeSCE' (del-e-kwess'), v. i. To melt away 
or become liquid by the attraction and absorp- 
tion of water in air. 

DEL-I-QUeS'CENCE (del-e-kwcss'ence), n. A be- 
coming soft or liquid in the air by absorption of 
water. 

DEL-I-QUeS'CENT, a. Liquefying in the air ; ca- 
pable of attracting and absorbing water from the 
air. [from the air and melt. 

DE-LiQ'UI-aTE (-lik'we-), v. i. To imbibe water 

DE-LlR'I-OUS v a. Wandering in mind ; deranged. 

DE-LiR'I-UM, n. A wandering of the mind; de- 
rangement. 

+DE-LIR'I-UM TRe'MENS, n. [£.] A disease of 
the brain caused by excessive drinking. 

DE-LiT'I-GaTE, v. t. To chide vehemently. 

DE-LIVER, v. t. Literally, to set free ; hence the 
term is extensively applied to cases where a thing 
is made to pass from a confined state to one of 
greater freedom or openness. — Syn. To give forth ; 
discharge; liberate; pronounce; utter. — One who 
delivers a package gives it forth; one who deliv- 
ers a cargo discluirges it ; one who delivers a cap- 
tive liberates him ; one who delivers a message or 
a discourse utters or pronounces it ; when a pla- 
toon of soldiers deliver their fire, they set it free 
or give it forth. 

DE-LiV'ER-ANCE, n. Act of freeing; release; 
rescue. 

DE-LiV'ER-ER, n. One who sets free or rescues. 

DE-LlV'ER-Y, n. A giving; release; utterance; 
mode of speaking ; birth of a child. 

DeLL, n. A hollow; narrow opening or passage ; 
a little valley. 

DeLPH. See Delp. 

DeL'PIII-ANJ a. Pertaining to Delphi in Greece, 

DeL'PHIC, f and the oracle there. 

DeL'PHiNE, a. Referring to the Dauphin of 
France, or certain classics. 

DeL'PHiNE, a. Belonging to the dolphin. 

DeL'TA, n. The Greek letter A ; a tract of allu- 
vial or other land in a triangular form, near the 
mouth of a river. 

DeL'TOID, a. Resembling the Greek A; applied 
to one of the muscles of the shoulder, [posed on. 

DE-LuD'A-BLE, a. Liable to be deceived or im- 

DE-LuDE', v. t. To mislead by arts; to impose on. 
— Syn. To cheat ; deceive ; beguile ; lead astray. 

DE-LuD'ER, n. One who deceives or misleads. 

DE-LuD'ING, n. The act of misleading ; false- 
hood. 

DeL'uoE (28), n. An overflowing with water ; the 
great flood in Noah's days; an overflow; a great 
exuberance, as of words. 



DOVE, WOLF, LOOK 



vi cious. — c as k ; u as j 



is z ; CH as sn ; this, 



Sot English. 



DEL 



112 



DEM 



DeL'ugE, v. t. To overflow; to drown; to over- 
whelm, as with an army. 

DE-Lu'SION (de-lu'zhun), n. Act of deluding ; 
error from false views. — Syn. Illusion ; fallacy. — 
An illusion is a false show, a mere cheat on the 
fancy or senses; a delusion is a false judgment, 
usually affecting the real concerns of life ; a fal- 
lacy is something (like an argument, &c.) having 
a specious appearance, but destitute of reality and 
truth. The illusions of youth — the delusions of 
stock-jobbing — a fallacy in reasoning. 

DE-Lu'SlVE, a. Tending to deceive; beguiling; 
vain; empty. 

DELVE, v. t. To dig; to open the ground with a 
spade ; n. a place dug ; a cave ; a quantity of fos- 
sil coals dug out. 

DeLV'ER, n. One who digs, as with a spade. 

DE-MaG'NET-IZE, v. t. To deprive of magnetic 
power or influence. [gogues. 

DeM'A-GOG-ISM, n. The practices of dema- 

DeM'A-GoGUE, n. A leader of the populace; a 
man who seeks to cajole the people to his own 
interests and ambition, by appeals to their self- 
ishness. 

DE-MaIN', 1 n. A manor-house and 

DE-MESNE' (de-mcne',)j land adjacent ; estate 
in land. 

DE-MAND' (6), v. t. To claim or seek to obtain 
by right ; to inquire ; to question. 

DE-MAND', n. A claim by right ; an asking by 
authority; a desire to obtain or possess that 
which is claimed. 

DE-MAND'ANT, n. The prosecutor in a real ac- 
tion ; the plaintiff in a personal one. 

DE-MAND'ER, n. One who demands. 

DE-MARK-a'TION, n. Act of marking or setting 
the limit ; bound ascertained and fixed. 

DE-MEAN', v. t. To behave or conduct [followed 
by the reciprocal pronoun], as to demean one's 
self well. — Syn. Degrade. — Demean is properly 
connected with the noun mien, not with the ad- 
jective mean. Hence it is an error to speak of a 
man's demeaning [i. e., degrading] himself by 
improper conduct. Though once used to some 
extent, the expression is now universally con- 
demned. 

DE-MeAN'OR, n. Manner of behaving. — Syn. 
Behavior ;_ carriage; deportment. [fatuate. 

DE-MeN'TaTE, v. t. To deprive of mind ; to in- 

DE-M£NT'ED, a. Infatuated; mad; crazy. 

DE-MeN'TIA, n. A kind of mental alienation, 
most common to the aged. 

DE-MePH'I-TIZE (-mef e-tize), V. t. To purify 
from foul, unwholesome air. 

DE-MeR'IT, n. Ill desert; crime; guilt. 

DE-MeRS-ED' (de-mersf), a. Sunk in a liquor ; 
drowned ; growing under water. 

DE-MeR'SION (-mer'shun), n. A plunging in a 
liquid ; state of being covered in water or earth. 

DE-MeSNE'. See Demain. [position. 

DeM'i, a prefix, signifying half; used only in com- 

DEM-i-BRIG-ADE', n. A half brigade. 

DeM'I-€a'DENCE, n. An imperfect cadence in 
music ; one not falling on the key-note. 

DeM'i-GOD, n. A fabulous hero, one half divine, 
born of a god and a mortal. 

DeM'i-JOHN (-jon), n. A glass vessel with a 
large body and a small neck, inclosed in wicker- 
work. 

DeM'i-LuNE, n. In fortification, an outwork be- 
fore the curtain with two faces and two flanks. 

DeM'i-QUa-VER, n. A note in music, of half the 
length of the quaver. 

DE-MiS'A-BLE, a. That may be leased. 

DE-MISE', n. Literally, release ; hence, death ; a 
lease; a bequeathing. See Death. [by will. 

DE-MI#E', v. t. To lease; to convey; to bequeath 

DEM-i-SeM'I-QUa-VER, n. Half a semiquaver. 

DE-MiS'SION (-mish'un), n. Degradation. 

DE-MIT', v. t. To let fall ; to depress. 



DeM'i-TINT, n. A gradation of color midway 
between positive light and shade. 

DeM'i-ToNE, n. Half a tone or a semitone. 

DeM'i-URgE, n. In the, mythology of Eastern 
2>hilosophers, an eon or exalted and mysterious 
agent employed in the creation of the world. 

DEM-i-uRg'I-G, a. Pertaining to a demiurge or 
creative power. 

DeM'i-VOLT, n. A motion of a horse, in which 
he raises his fore legs in a particular manner. 

DE-MOC'RA-CY, n. Government by the people. 

DeM'O-CRAT, n. An adherent to democracy. 

DEM-0-€RaT'I€, a. Belonging to government 
by the people. 

DEM-0-G6R'GON, n. A supposed mysterious ter- 
rific divinity or magician, to whose spell Hades 
was subject. 

DE-M6L'ISH, v. t. To throw down; to destroy; 
to break in pieces; to pull down. — Syn. To over- 
turn ; overthrow ; destroy ; dismantle ; raze. — 
That is overturned or overthrown which had 
stood upright ; that is destroyed whose compo- 
nent parts are scattered ; that is demolished 
which had formed a mass or structure; that is 
dismantled which is stripped of its covering, as a 
vessel of its sails, or a fortress of its bastions, &c. ; 
that is razed which is brought down smooth and 
level to the ground. [lays waste. 

DE-M6I/ISH-ER, n. One who throws down or 

DEM-0-LI"TION (dem-o-lish'un), n. Act of over- 
throwing or destroying a pile or structure ; ruin. 

De'MON, n. A spirit, intermediate between a pa- 
gan god and man, good or evil ; an evil spirit or 
genius allied to the devil. 

DF"MO NIaI' AL I a - Pertainin S t0 demons 5 

DE-M5'NI-AN, > influenced ^ demous - 

DE-Mo'NI-A£J, n. One possessed by a demon. 

DE-MO-Nl'A-CISM, n. The state of being a de- 
moniac ; demoniacal practices. 

DE-Mo'NI-AN-ISM, n. The state of being pos- 
sessed by a demon. [gods. 

De'MON-ISM, n. The belief in demons or false 

DE-MON-oC'RA-CY, n. The power or rule of de- 
mons, [or evil spirits. 

DE-MON-oL'A-TRY, n. The worship of demons 

DE-MON-oL'O-gY, n. A discourse or treatise on 
evil spirits. 

DE-MoN'O-MY, n. The dominion of evil spirits. 

DE-MoN'STRA-BLE, a. That may be demonstra- 
ted or proved beyond contradiction. [proof. 

DE-MoN'STRA-BLY, ad. Certainly; with full 

DE-MON'STRaTE or DeM'ON-STRaTE, v. t. To 
prove to a certainty or with great clearness ; to 
exhibit the parts when dissected. — Syn. To 
prove; evince; manifest. 

DEM-ON-STRa'TION, n. Proof to a certainty ; 
indubitable evidence ; exhibition. In military 
affairs, a movement of troops to a given point, 
as if to attack. 

DE-MoN'STRA-TiVE, a. Conclusive; certain; 
having power to prove to a certainty. 

DeM'ON-STRa-TOR, n. One who proves beyond 
dispute ; one who exhibits clearly. In anatomy, 
one who exhibits the parts dissected. 

DE-MoN'STRA-TO-RY, a. Having a tendency to 
demonstrate or_prove beyond a doubt. 

DE-MOR-AL-I-Za'TION, n. Destruction of mor- 
al principles ; breaking up the moral force of an 
army, &c, as distinguished from its physical. 

DE-M6R'AL-IZE, v. t. To corrupt in respect to 
moral principle ; to weaken in respect to moral 
force, as distinguished from physical, as an army. 

DEM-OS-THeN'IC, a. Pertaining to or resem- 
bling Demosthenes, the celebrated Grecian ora- 
tor. 

DE-MoT'IC, a. Popular; a term applied to a 
current hand or language in popular use in 
Egypt instead of hieroglyphics often found with 
them. 



a, S, &c., long.— -a, e, &c, short. — cabe, fab, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mabine, bibd; move, 



DEM 



113 



DEP 



DE-MuL'CEXT, n. Any medicine -which lessens 
or protects from irritation the sensitive parts of 
the body, as the gums and other like substances. 

DE-M6I/CENT, a. Softening; easing; assuaging. 

DE-MuR', v. i. Literally, to stand long on ; to have 
doubts or scruples; to hesitate; to delay. In 
lo,w, to rest at any point in pleading and await 
the decision of the court. 

DE-MuR', n. Suspense ; doubt from uncertainty. 

DE-MCRE', a. Very grave; affectedly modest. 

DE-MuRE'XESS, w. Gravity; affected modesty. 

DE-MfjR'RAGE, n. Allowance for detention of a 
ship. 

DE-MuR'RER, n. One who demurs. In law, an 
issue joined on a point of law, resting the case 
for a decision. [dium. 

DE-My', n. A size of paper next smaller than me- 

DeX, n. A cage ; cavern ; lodge of a beast. 

DE-Xa'RI-US, n. A Roman coin of the value of 
sixteen or seventeen cents. [ten. 

DEX'A-RY, a. Containing ten; n. the number 

DE-Xa"TIOX-AL-IZE (-nush'un-al-Ize), v. t. To 
deprive of national rights. 

DE-XAT'u-RAL-iZE (-nat'yu-ral-Tze), v. t To 
render unnatural ; to alienate from nature. 

DSN'DBlTE, n. A mineral in which are the fig- 
ures of a shrub. 

DEX-DRiT'I€, \ a. Containing the figures of 

DEX-DRiT'I€-AL,j shrubs or trees. 

DEN'DROID, a. Resembling a shrub or tree. 

DeX'DRO-LiTE, n. The branch or stem of a pet- 
rified tree or shrub; fossil wood. 

DEX-DRoL'O-GY. n. Xatural history of trees. 

DEX-DRoM'E-TER, n. An instrument to meas- 
ure the height and diameter of trees. 

DEX-DRoPH'A-Gl, n. Tree-eaters; insects that 
live on the bark of trees, &c. [the Lion. 

DeN'EB, n. The bright star in the tail of Leo, 

DeX g 'GuE (dcng'gu), n. A peculiar epidemic 
rheumatism, called also bone-fever. 

DE-XfA-BLE, a. That may be denied. 

DE-Xi'AL, n. Affirmation to the contrary; con- 
tradiction; refusal to grant; rejection; disown- 
ing. — Syn. Disavowal ; renunciation ; dissent ; 
repulse; rebuff. Self-denial is a declining of 
some gratification. [fuses. 

DE-Xi'ER, n. One who denies, disowns, or re- 

DE-XIeR' (de-neer'), n. A former French coin, 
the twelfth of a sol. 

DeX'I-GRaTE, v. t. To make black; to blacken. 

De'XIMS, n. pi. A kind of coarse cotton goods. 

DEX-I-Za'TIOX, n. The act of making a citizen. 

DeX'I-Z27X t (d5n'e-zn), n. One not a native, but 
made a citizen. [residence. 

DeX'I-Zj&X, v. t. To make a citizen ; to admit to 

DeX'I-Z^X-SHIP, n. State of being a citizen. 

DE-XOM'IX-A-BLE, a. That may be named or 
denominated. 

DE-X6MTX-ATE, v. t. To name ; to call ; to give 
name to ; to style ; to designate. 

DE-XOM-IX-a'TIOX, n. A name ; a title ; a body 
of individuals united by the same name, as a de- 
nomination of Christians. 

DE-N6M'IN-A-TiVE, a. Conferring a name. 

DE-XoMTX-A-TOR, n. One who gives a name ; 
the number placed below the line in vulgar frac- 
tions, [marked. 

DE-XoT'A-BLE, a. That may be denoted or 

DEX-O-Ta'TIOX, n. The act of marking. 

DE-XoT'A-TIVE, a. Having power to denote. 

DE-XoTE', v. t. To be a sign of; to indicate. — 
Syn. To mark; express; betoken; imply; repre- 
sent ; stand for. 

*DE-X6UE'MEXT' (den-oo'mang'), n, LFV.] The 
unraveling of a plot in a play ; development ; 
winding up of an event. [en by word or sign. 

DE-XOUXCE', v. t. To accuse publicly ; to threat- 

DE-NOUNCE'MENT, n. Declaration of a threat. 

DE-XOUXC'ER, n. One who utters a threat; an 



DENSE, a. Literally, crowded ; having its parts 
closely pressed together. — Syn. Compact ; close. 

DEXSE'XESS,? n. Compactness; closeness of 

DeXS'I-TY, j parts; thickness. 

DEXT, n. A small hollow, caused by the stroke 
or pressure of a harder on a softer body; an in- 
dentation. 

DeXT, v. t. To make a dent or small hollow. 

DeXT'AL, a. Pertaining to the teeth. 

DEX'TATE, \ a. Like teeth ; having sharp teeth 

DeN'Ta-TED.J with concave edges. 

DENTED, a. Impressed with little hollows. 

DeXT'I-€LE (dcnt'e-kl), n. A point like a small 
tooth. 

SStIwtSSjSd} * Hayin ° sma11 teeth - 

DeXT'I-FORM. a. Shaped like a tooth'. 
DeXTT-FRICE (dSnt'e-friss), n. Something to 

cleanse teeth ; tooth-powder. 
DeX'TIL, n. In architecture, small square blocks 

in cornices with a resemblance to teeth. 
DeXT'IST, n. One who cleans, repairs, fills, or 

extracts teeth. 
D£NT'IST-EY, n. The art or practice of a dentist. 
DEX-Ti"TIOX (den-tish'un), n. The cutting of 

teeth in infancy ; the period of doing it. 
DEN'TOID, a. Having the shape of teeth. 
DEX-u-Da'TIOX, n. A stripping to nakedness; 

in geology, laying rocks bare by washing off su- 
perficial deposits. 
DE-X0DE_', \ v. t. To strip ; to make naked ; to 
DE-XuD'aTE,] remove all covering. 
DE-XuX'CIaTE (-shate), v. t. To denounce. 
DE-XUX-CI-a'TIOX, n. Declaration of a threat ; 

a public exposure or accusation. [informer. 

DE-XUX-CI-a'TOR, n. One who threatens; an 
DE-XuX'CI-A-TO-RY, a. Threatening; marked 

with_menaces or accusations. 
DE-X v', v. t. To declare untrue ; to refuse to grant ; 

to refuse to acknowledge; not to gratify. — Syn. 

To contradict ; gainsay; reject; disown ; ignore. 
DE-oB'STRU-EXT, a. Removing obstructions; 

n. a medicine which removes obstructions; an 

aperient. 
De'O-DAXD, n. Something forfeited to God. 
DE-o'DOR-iZE, v. t. To free from bad smells. 
DE-o'DOR-lZ-ER, n. That which frees from bad 

odors. 
DE-OX-ToL'O-GY, n. The science which relates 

to duty or moral obligation. 
DE-oX'YD-aTE, » v. t. To deprive of oxy- 
DE-6X'Y-gEX-aTE,j gen. 
DE-OX-YD-a'TIOX, ? n. The act or process 
DE-OX- YD-I-Za'TION,] of reducing from the 

state of an oxyd. 
DE-oX'YD-iZE, v. t. To deprive of oxygen. 
DE-PaIXT', v. t. To paint. 
DE-PaRT', v. i. Literally, to part from; to go 

away from a place ; to desist from some course ; 

to die. — Syn. To move off ; forsake; deviate. 
DE-PXRT'IX T G, n. Separation ; leaving. 
DE-PaRT'MENT, n. A separate room, place, or 

office; a distinct province or station; a branch 

of civil government. 
DE-PaRT-MeXT'AL, a. Relating to a department. 
DE-PaRT'uRE (-part'yur), n. A going away; de- 
cease. — Syn. Withdrawal ; deviation ; abandon- 
ment ; exit ; death, which see. 
DE-PaST'uRE (-past'ynr), v. t. To feed ; to graze. 
DE-PAU'PER-aTE, v. "t. To reduce to poverty; 

to deprive of fertility. [connected with. 

DE-PeXD', v. i. To hang from ; to rely on ; to be 
DE-PeXD'EXCE, In. Reliance; trust; connec- 
DE-PeXD'EX-CY,] tion ; a state of hanging 

down from a supporter. 
DE-P£XD'EXT, a. Hanging from; relying on; 

subjected to ; n. one at the disposal of another, or 

sustained by him ; a retainer. 
DE-PHLeG'MaTE (-flEg'-), v. t. To deprive of su- 
perfluous water, as by evaporation. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOS J EUT.E, BULL ; TfciOUS. — € 



K ; G as J : 
H 



s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + Not English. 



DEP 



114 



DER 



DE-PHLEG-Ma'TION, n. The act of rectifying 
spirits and acids by freeing them from watei\ 

DE-PHLO-GlS'TI-€ ATE, v. t. To deprive of phlo- 
giston, or the supposed principle of inflammabil- 
ity. 

DE-Pi€T', v. t. Originally, to paint ; but now to 
describe vividly. — Syn. To portray; sketch; de- 
lineate; represent. 

DE-Pi€T'uRE (-pikt'yur), v. t. To paint. 

DEP-I-La'TION, n. The act of depriving of the 
hair. [hair. 

DE-PiL'A-TO-RY, a. Adapted to take off the 

DE-PLe'TION, n. Act of emptying; bleeding or 
blood-letting. [ate fullness of habit. 

DE-PLe'TO-RY, a. Adapted or designed to obvi- 

DE-PLoR'A-BLE, a. That is to be deplored.— 
Syn. Lamentable. — Literally, the word lamenta- 
ble denotes mourning aloud, and deplorable, 
mourning with tears. The last is, therefore, the 
strongest. 

DE-PLoR'A-BLY, ad. Lamentably; miserably; 
hopelessly. 

DE-PLoRE', v. t. To be grieved at; to express 
grief for. — Syn. Mourn; lameut; bewail; be- 
moan. — Mourn is generic ; to lament (Jit, cry out) 
denotes an earnest and strong expression of grief; 
to deplore (Zft.,weep over) marks a deeper and 
more prolonged emotion ; to bewail and bemoan 
are appropriate only to cases of poignant distress. 
A man laments his errors, and deplores the ruin 
they have brought on his family; mothers bewail 
or bemoan the loss of their children. 

DE-PLoR'ER, n. One who laments bitterly. 

DE-PLOY', v. t To open or extend, as a body of 
troops ; v. i. to form a more extended line. 

DEP-LU-M a'TION, n. The stripping off plumes ; 
a tumor of the eyelids with loss of hair. 

DE-PLuME', v. t. To deprive of plumes or plu- 
mage ; to pluck off feathers. 

DE-Po'NENT, a. Laying down. A deponent verb 
is one which has an active signification with a 
passive termination. 

DE-Po'NENT, n. One who gives written testimo- 
ny on oath ; a deponent verb. 

DE-PoP'u-LaTE, v. t. To unpeople ; to lay waste. 
It rarely expresses an entire loss of inhabitants; 
v. i. to becojne dispeopled. 

DE-POP-u-La'TION, n. The act of dispeopling; 
destruction_of inhabitants. 

DE-PoP'u-La-TOR, n. One who kills or expels 
inhabitants ; one who lays waste. 

DE-PoRT', v. t To behave ; to carry away. 

DE-PoRT',_n. Behavior; carriage; conduct. 

DEP-OR-T a'TION, n. A carrying away ; banish- 
ment. 

DE-PoRT'MENT, n. Manner of acting toward 
others ; behavior. — Syn. Conduct ; carriage ; 
bearing; demeanor. 

DE-PoS'A-BLE, a. That may be deprived of office. 

DE-Po'SAL, n. Act of divesting of office. 

DE-Po$E', v. t To lay down ; to dethrone ; to lay 
aside ; to divest of office ; to degrade ; v. i. to 
give a written testimony ; to bear witness. 

DE-PoSJ?D' (de-pozd'), a. Thrown down; de- 
graded; testified. 

DE-PoS'IT, v. t To throw down; to trust with; 
to lay in a place for preservation. 

DE-Po$'IT, n. That which is laid down or depos- 
ited; a trust; a pledge; a place of depositing ; a 
depository; in geology, matter thrown down, after 
being suspended in or carried on by water, to the 
bottom of the sea, a river, &c. 

DE-PoS'IT-A-RY, n. One to whom something is 
intrusted ; a trustee ; a guardian. 

DEP-0-SI"TION (-zish'un), n. A throwing down ; 
act of dethroning or degrading ; written testimo- 
ny under oath. — Syn. Affidavit. — An affidavit is 
simply a declaration under oath ; a deposition is 
the testimony of a witness who is unable to attend 
on a trial. It must so be taken before a magis- 



trate that both parties have an opportunity to 
ask questions. 

DE-Po*'IT-0-RY,«. Aplace for depositing goods. 

DE-PoT (de-po' or de'po), n. A place of deposit ; 
a warehouse or magazine ; a place for military 
stores or recruits ; a rail-road station. 

DEP-RA-Va'TION, n. Act of making worse. 

DE-PRaVE', v. t To make worse ; to corrupt. — 
Syn. To vitiate ; contaminate ; pollute. 

DE-PRaVj&D' (-pravd'), a. Destitute of holiness 
or good principles ; wicked ; vile. 

DE-PRaVE'MENT, n, A vitiated state. 

DE-PRAV'I-TY, n. State of sinfulness; perver- 
sion of heart. — Syn. Depravation ; corruption. — 
Depravity is a disposition or settled tendency to 
evil ; depravation is the act or process of making 
depraved, as the depravation of morals. Corrup- 
tion applies to any thing which is greatly viti- 
ated, as a corruption of morals, of taste, of lan- 
guage, &c. [to regret. 

DeP'RE-€aTE, v. t To pray earnestly against; 

DEP-RE--G a'TION, n. Act of deprecating ; a pray- 
ing against a present evil or one in prospect. 

DfiP'RE-€A-TO-RY,t a. That serves to depre- 

DeP'RE-Ca-TiVE, f cate; tending to remove 
evil by prayer ; having the form of prayer. 

DE-PRe'OIaTE, v. i. To lessen in value ; v. t. to 
cry down the worth of; to disparage. — Syn. To 
traduce ; decry ; underrate ; lower. See Decry. 

DE-PRE-CI-a-TION (-she-fi'shun), n. The act of 
lessening or crying down price or value ; the fall- 
ing of value. [spoil ; to waste. 

DeP'RE-DaTE, v. t To rob; to plunder; to 

DEP-RE-D a'TION, n. A robbing; a laying waste. 

DeP'RE-Da-TOR, n. One who plunders or lays 
waste. 

DE-PReSS', v. t Literally, to press down ; to 
sink ; to humble ; to cast down ; to make lan- 
guid ; to impoverish ; to lower in value, [guid. 

DE-PRESSED' (-prSsf), a. Humbled; sad; lan- 

DE-PReS'SION (-presh'un), n. Literally, a press- 
ing or being pressed down ; the sinking in of a 
surface ; a sinking of spirits, or of strength, or 
business, &c. ; a lowering. — Syn. Abasement ; re- 
duction ; fall ; dejection ; melancholy. See 
Abasement. 

DE-PReSSIVE, a. Tending to cast down. 

DE-PRiV'A-BLE, a. That may be deprived. 

DEP-RI-Va'TION, n. Act of depriving ; state of 
being deprived ; loss. [divest of orders. 

DE-PRlVE', v. t To take from ; to bereave ; to 

DEPTH, n. Measure downward; profundity; a 
deep place; extent; middle of darkness, stillness, 
&c, as of night, winter, forest, &c. ; abstruseness. 

DE-PuL'SION, n. A driving away. 

DE-PuL'SO-RY, a. Driving away ; removing. 

DeP'u-RaTE, v. t To purify; to free from fecu- 
lence ; a. cleansed ; not contaminated. 

DEP-u-Ra'TION, n. Act of freeing from fecu- 
lence ; cleansing, as of a wound. 

DEP-U-Ta'TION, n. The appointing a substi- 
tute to act for another ; special commission or au-" 
thority to represent some other ; persons sent. 

DE-PuTE', v. t To appoint as agent for another; 
to send as representative ; to empower to act. 

DE-PuT'ED, a. Authorized ; sent. 

DeP'u-TY, n. One appointed to act for another; 
a representative. In compounds it has the force 
of in the place of, or subordinate to, as deputy- 
collector, marshal, postmaster, sheriff, &c. 

DE-RaNgE', v. t To put out of order ; to con- 
fuse ; to disorder the mind. [ions. 

DE-RaNg#D' (de-ranjd'), a. Out of order ; delir- 

DE-RaNgE'MENT, n. State of disorder ; deliri- 
um, [abandoned; thing abandoned. 

DeR'E-LI€T, a. Abandoned ; n. the state of being 

DER-E-Li€'TION, n. An utter forsaking. 

DE-RIDE', v. t. Literally, to laugh at; hence, to 
treat with gross contempt. — Syn. Ridicule; mock; 
taunt. — A man may ridicule without unkindness 



a, e, &c, long. — a, S, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



DER 



115 



DES 



of feeling : his object may be to correct. He who 
derides is actuated by a severe and contemptuous 
spirit. To mock is stronger, denoting open and 
scoffing derision; to taunt (lit., pierce with 
words) is to reproach with bitter insult. 

DE-RID'ER, n. One who mocks or ridicules. 

DE-Ri$'ION (-rizh'un), n. Act of treating with 
gross contempt; an object of laughter. — Syn. 
Scorn ; mockery ; insult. 

DE-RI'SiVE, \a. Mocking; ridiculing; contain- 

DE-RI'SO-RY,j ing derision. [ible. 

DE-RiV'A-BLE, a. That may be derived ; deduc- 

DER-I-Va'TION, n. A drawing or descending 
from a source ; a tracing a word to its root ; the 
thing derived or deduced. 

DE-RiV'A-TiVE, a. Derived ; deduced. [er. 

DE-RiV'A-TiVE, n. A word derived from anoth- 

DE-RIVE', v. t. To draw from ; to deduce ; to de- 
scend from ; to turn from its natural course. 

DE-RIVER, n. One who draws from a source. 

DeRM (13), n. The true skin which covers animal 
bodies. 

DeRM'AL, a. Pertaining to skin; composed of 
skin. 

+DeR'NIER, a. [Fr.] The last; the only one left. 

DeR'O-GaTE, v. t. To lessen ; v. i, to detract ; to 
take from. 

DER-O-Ga'TION, n. A weakening or lessening 
in value ; a detracting ; disparagement. 

DE-RoG'A-TO-RY, a. Detracting ; degrading. 

DeR'RICK, n. An upright timber or frame for 
raising heavy weights by means of pulleys. 

DeR'VIS, n. A Turkish priest or monk professing 
great austerity. 

DeS'CANT, n. A song; tune; air; discourse; 
comment. 

DES-CANT', v. i. To sing ; to discourse ; to com- 
ment ; to make a variety of remarks. 

DE-SCeND', v. i. To move from a higher to a 
lower place ; to sink ; to proceed from a source ; 
to pass from general to particular considerations ; 
v. t. to go down ; to walk downward on a declivity. 

DE-SCeND'ANT, n. One who proceeds from ; off- 
spring. 

DE-SCeND'ENT, a. Falling; sinking; having 
his origin from an ancestor. 

DE-SCEND'I-BLE, a. That may descend or be 
passed down. 

DE-SCeN'SION (-sen'shun), a. Act of descending 
or going downward. 

DE-SCeNT', n. A falling or coming down ; deg- 
radation; declivity ; invasion ; a proceeding from ; 
lineage. 

DE-SCRIB'A-BLE, a. That may be described. 

DE-SCRIBE', v. t. To represent by words or fig- 
ures; to draw a plan of. — Syn. To set forth; de- 
lineate; recount; dwell upon; depict; portray. 

DE-SGRLB'ER, n. One who represents by words 
or figures. 

DE-SCRI'ER, n. One who descries. 

DE-SCRIP'TION, n. Act of describing ; qualities 
specified ; the class of persons or things delinea- 
ted.— Syn. Recital; account; relation; detail; 
narrative; explanation; representation; sort. 

DE-SCRiP'TiVE, a. Containing description. 

DE-S€Ry', v. t. To discover ; to see at a distance. 
— Syn. To espy; discern; behold; detect. 

DeS'E-CRaTE, v. i. To pervert or destroy what 
is sacred ; to profane. [acter. 

DeS'E-ORa-TED, a. Divested of a sacred char- 

DES-E-CRa'TION, n. A diverting from a sacred 
purpose or from a sacred character. 

DE-$eRT' (13), n. A deserving or worthiness of 
reward or punishment, especially the former. — 
Syn. Merit; excellence; worth. 

DE-SeRT' (13), v. t. or ?'. To leave in violation of 
duty. — Syn. To forsake ; depart from ; relin- 
quish ; give up ; abandon, which see. [gion. 

De*'ERT, n. A wilderness ; an uncultivated re- 

DES'ERTa. Wild; solitary: unsettled. 



DE-$eRT'ER, n. One who forsakes his cause or 
his post; a soldier who runs away from service. 

DE-JSeR'TION (-zer'shun), n. Act of abandoning; 
leaving service or duty ; spiritual despondency. 

DE-SkRVE' (13), v. i. To merit, as he deserves 
well or ill of his neighbor; v. t. to merit; to be 
worthy of; to have a just claim. 

DE-SiiRV^D' (de-zervd') a. Merited; earned. 

DE-SeRV'ED-LY, ad. Worthily; with merit; 
justly, whether good or ill. 

DE-SeRV'ER, n. One who merits. [entitled to. 

DE-SeRV'ING, a. Worthy of reward or praise; 

*DES-HA-BILLE' (des-ha-bil'), n. [/<>.] An un- 
dress or morning dress; hence, any home dress. 

DE-SIC'CANT, n. A medicine or application that 
dries a sore. 

DE-SiC'C aTE or DeS'IC-C aTE, v. t. To dry up ; 
to make dry ; v. i. to become dry. 

DES-I€-Ca'TION, n. Act or process of drying. 

DE-Si€'€A-TiVE, a. Tending to dry ; n. an ap- 
plication which dries up the secretion or matter 
of wounds, ulcers, &c. 

DE-SIGN' (-sine' or -zfne'), v. t. Literally, to 
stamp or set clearly forth ; hence, to fomi an out- 
line of; to sketch ; to frame in the mind ; to pur- 
pose or intend. — Syn. To plan; delineate; pro- 
ject; mean. 

DE-SIGN' (-sine' or -zineO, n. Literally, a stamp 
or sketch ; a representation or plan, as of a build- 
ing, &c. ; a picture, figure, &c, on paper, &c. ; 
hence, figuratively, a scheme or plan. — Syn. In- 
tention ; purpose. — Design has reference to some- 
thing aimed at; intention (lit., straining after) 
to the feelings or desires with which it is sought ; 
purpose to a settled choice or determination for 
its attainment. " I had no design to injure you" 
means, it was no part of my aim or object. "I 
had no intention to injure you" means, I had no 
wish or desire of that kind. "Myprwpose was 
directly the reverse" makes the case still stron- 
ger. 

DE-SIGN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being designed. 

DeS'IG-NaTE_, v. t. To point out or show ; to in- 
dicate by visible marks or signs; to distinguish. 

DES-IG-Na'TION, n. Act of pointing out; selec- 
tion; appointment; import. 

DeS'IG-Na-TiVE, 1 a. Serving or employed to 

DeS'IG-NA-TO-RY,j designate or indicate. 

DE-SlGN'ED-LY, ad. By design or purpose. 

DE-SiGN'ER, n. A contriver. 

DE-SIGN'ING (-sine'- or -zine'-), a. Artful ; dis- 
posed to contrive mischief; insidious; n. the art 
of sketching or delineating objects. 

DfiS'I-NENT, a. Ending ; lowermost. 

DE-SiP'I-ENT, a. Trifling ; foolish ; playful. 

DE-SIR'A-BLE, a. That is to be wished.— Syn. 
Eligible; agreeable; pleasing. 

DE-SIRE' (-zlre'), n. Eagerness to obtain or en- 
joy; thing desired. — Syn. Wish; longing; crav- 
ing; hankering; aspiration. 

DE-SIRE', v. t. To wish for.— Syn. To request- 
To desire is to feel a wish or want ; to request is 
to ask for its gratification. A man desires food, 
and requests to have it prepared. Desire may be 
used for request when the relations of the parties 
are such that the expression of a wish is all that 
is felt to be necessaiy. A man desires his friend 
to write often ; a merchant desires his clerk to be 
more careful in future. In this latter case, desire 
is stronger than request; it implies a command 
or injunction. 

DE-SiR'OUS, a. Full of desire ; eager to obtain. 

DE-SIST' (-sisf), v. i. To cease; to give over; to 
discontinue action. 

DE-STST'ANCE, n. Act of desisting or ceasing. 

DESK, n. An inclined table; a pulpit; a table for 
the use_of writers. 

DeS'O-LaTE, v. t. To deprive of inhabitants; to 
lay waste ; to ravage ; to ruin. [solitary. 

DeS'O-LATE, a. Laid waste ; destitute of people ; 



dove, wolf, book ; EULE, bull, ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. * Not English. 



DES 



116 



DET 



DeS'O-La-TED, a. Deprived of inhabitants; 
made a desert ; deserted. 

DES-0-La'TION, n. Act of laying waste; de- 
struction ; a desolate state ; sadness ; gloom. 

DeS'O-LA-TO-RY, a. Causing desolation. 

DE-SPaIR' (4), n. Hopelessness ; loss of hope in 
the mercy of God. 

DE-SPAIR', v. i. To abandon hope ; to be without 
hope ; to give up hope or expectation. [hope. 

DE-SPaIR'ER, n. One who gives up or loses all 

DE-S PATCH'. See Dispatch. 

DES-PE-Ra'DO, n. ; pi. Des-pe-ra'does. A des- 
perate man; a madman. [ous; fearless. 

DeS'PE-RATE, a. Having no hope ; rash ; furi- 

DeS'PE-RATE-LY, ad. Without hope, or with 
scarcely a hope. In a popular sense, extremely ; 
violently. 

DES-PE-Ra'TION, n. Abandonment of all hope ; 
total disregard of safety or danger. — Syn. Hope- 
lessness; despair; fury; madness. 

DeS'PI-CA-BLE, a. Deserving to be despised. — 
Syn. Contemptible ; mean ; vile ; worthless ; piti- 
ful ; sordid ; degrading. See Contemptible. 

DeS'PI-CA-BLE-NESS, n. Extreme meanness ; 
vileness; sordidness. 

DeS'PI-CA-BLY, ad. With great meanness. 

DE-SPi$'A-BLE, a. Meriting contempt; that ought 
to be despised ; despicable. [dain. 

DE-SPISE', v. t. To contemn; to scorn; to dis- 

DE-SPiSjKD' (-spTzd'), a. Contemned ; disdained. 

DE-SPlS'ER, n. One that slights or despises. 

DE-SPTTE', n. Malignity ; defiance with con- 
tempt ; an act of malice or contempt. 

DE-SPITE'FUL, a. Malicious; scornful. 

DE-SPiTE'FUL-LY, ad. Maliciously; scornfully. 

DE-SPOIL', v.'t. To take from by force or other 
means. — Syn. To spoil; rob; plunder; strip; de- 
prive ; bereave ; rifle. 

DE-SPOIL'ER, n. One who strips or plunders. 

SI-I^HL'ME™ N | n ' The aCt ° f des P° mn S- 
DE-SP6ND', v. i. To lose courage or hope ; to be 

cast down or dejected. 
DE-SPoND'EN-CY, n. Loss of hope or courage ; 

sinking of spirits. 
DE-SP6ND'KNT, a. Despairing; losing hope. 
DE-SPoND'ENT-LY, ad. Without hope ; as de- 
pressed. 
DeS'POT, n. A sovereign invested with absolute 

power ; hence, a tyrant. 
DES-P5T'I€, \ a. Absolute in authority ; ar- 
DES-P5T'I€-AL,f bitrary; tyrannical. 
DeS'POT-ISM, n. Absolute power ; tyranny. 
DES-PU-Ma'TION, n. A foaming; frothiness ; 

the formation of scum by the action of some 

clarifying substance. 
DES-QUA-Ma'TION, n. A scaling or exfoliation 

of bone ; separation of the skin in scales. 
DE$-SeRT' (dez-zerf), n. Service of fruits and 

DES-TEM'PER,? n. A preparation of opaque 

DIS-TeM'PER, j colors, ground up with size 
and water, laid on the walls when they are dry. 

DeS'TI-NATE, > . . .. . , „ . , 

DeS'TI-Na-TEDJ a - Appointed; destined. 

DES-TI-Na'TION, n. Purpose; place to be 
reached ; destiny ; end or ultimate design. 

DeS'TiNE, v. t. To mark out or appoint to some 
end, state, or place ; to fix unalterably. — Syn. To 
design; intend; devote; doom. 

DeS'TIKED, pp. Marked out; designed before- 
hand ; sure to attain. — Syn. Bound. — We may 
speak of goods as destined to a certain port, and 
of a ship as bound thither. We may also speak 
of a city as destined to become a great commer- 
cial emporium ; but to say it is bound to become 
so, or that a man is bound to succeed in life, is a 
gross abuse of language. Bound always implies 
some obligation or engagement; and yet the 
above use of the word is common in some parts 



of our country, and is finding its way into our 
newspapers. 

DeS'TI-NY, n. State predetermined; invincible 
necessity ; ultimate fate ; allotment. 

DeS'TI-TuTE, a. Wanting ; not possessing ; 
friendless ; n. one without friends or comfort. 

DES-TI-Tu'TION, n. Want; poverty. 

DE-STROY', v. t. To lay ivaste ; to put an end 
to. — Syn. To demolish ; ruin ; throw down ; con- 
sume ; overthrow ; subvert ; annihilate ; kill ; 
slay. [waste. 

DE-STROY'ER, n. One who kills, ruins, or lays 

DE-STRUCT-I-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of be- 
ing capable of destruction. 

DE-STRuCT'I-BLE, a. That may be destroyed. 

DE-STRuC'TION, n. Act of destroying ; state of 
being destroyed ; eternal death ; ruin. — Syn. De- 
molition ; subversion ; overthrow ; extinction ; 
death ; downfall ; extermination. 

DE-STRu€T'iVE, a. That destroys; tending to 
death ; ruinous. 

DE-STRu€T'iVE-NESS, a. Quality that destroys ; 
tending to murder. 

DES-u-Da'TION, n. Profuse and morbid sweat- 
ing ; an eruption like millet-seed on the skin of 
children. 

DeS'UE-TuDE (des'we-tude), n. Discontinuance 
of a custom ; disuse. Dy. 

DeS-UL-TO-RI-LY, ad. Without method ; loose- 

DeS'UL-TO-RY, a. Loose ; unconnected ; with- 
out system ; at random ; \>y fits and starts. 

DE-TaCH', v. t. Literally, to break off; to sepa- 
rate ; to send off, as soldiers, or to some service. 
— Syn. To disunite; disengage; sever; disjoin. 

DE-TaCH'MENT, n. A party sent off from the 
army or fleet, as chosen for special service; in 
the fine arts, parts of a work as distinguished 
from the whole. 

DE-TaIL' or De'TAIL, n. A minute narration ; a 
selecting ; pi. De-tails. Particulars or distinct 
parts. See Account. 

DE-TaIL', v. t. Literally, to cut off; hence, to 
narrate in particulars ; to select for service, as 
soldiers. 

DE-TaIN', v. t. Literally, to keep back ; hence, 
to withhold, as wages; or to delay, as a traveler; 
to take in custody. — Syn. To retain; stop; re- 
tard; arrest; hinder. 

DE-TaIN'DER, n. A writ. See Detinue. 

DE-TaIN'ER, n. One that detains; in law, forci- 
ble keeping out of possession. 

DE-TeCT', v. t. Literally, to uncover; to discov- 
er; to bring to light; to expose; especially ap- 
plied to the discovery of crimes. 

DE-TeCT'ER, n. One who detects or lays open. 

DE-TeC'TION (-shun), n. Discovery; act of lay- 
ing open ; exposure. 

DE-Te€T'iVE, a. Employed in detection ; n. a 
police officer employed in detecting crime. 

DE-TeNT', n. A stop to a clock when striking. 

DE-TEN'TION, n. The act of detaining ; re- 
straint ; necessary delay. 

DE-TeR' (13), v. t. To discourage and stop by 
fear ; to prevent by prohibition or^ anger. 

DE-TeRgE' (13), V. t. To cleanse ; to clean ; to 
wipe off. 

DE-TeR'gENT, w. A medicine that cleanses; 
a. cleansing ; purging away. ■» 

DE-Te'RI-O-RaTE, v. t. To make worse ; to im- 
pair ; v. i. to grow or become worse, [ing worse. 

DE-TE-RI-O-Ra'TION, n. A growing or becom- 

DE-TeR'MENT (13), n. That which deters ; act 
of deterring. [ined. 

DE-TeRM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be determ- 

DE-TeRM'IN-aTE, v. t. To fix bounds to. 

DE-TeRM'IN-ATE, a. Limited ; definite ; set- 
tled ; fixing to an end. 

DE-TERM'IN-ATE-LY, ad. Decisively ; resolute- 
ly ; with fixed resolve. 

DE-TeRM-IN-a'TION, n. A settling or bringing 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



DET 



117 



DEW 



to a point or issue ; a strong tendency in one di- 
rection; a settled purpose. — Syn. Decision; res- 
olution. — Decision is a cutting short, and sup- 
poses energy and promptitude ; determination 
(bringing to a terminus or end) is the settling of 
a thing with a fixed purpose to adhere ; resolu- 
tion is a spirit to face danger or suffering in car- 
rying out one's determinations. Luther was dis- 
tinguished for his prompt decision, steadfast de- 
termination, and inflexible resolution. 

DE-TeRM'INE (13), v. t. Literally, to bring to an 
end ; to terminate ; to settle finally ; to decide 
or resolve ; to give direction to ; v. i. to come to 
an end ; to form a decision. 

DE-TERM'iNi?D, a. Having a fixed purpose ; 
resolute. [ing. 

DE-TeR'SION (-ter'shun), n. The act of cleans- 

DE-TeR'SiVE, a. Cleansing ; cleaning. 

DE-TeST', v. t. Literally, to call to witness 
against; hence, to regard with the strongest aver- 
sion. — Stn. Hate; abhor; abominate; loathe. — 
— Hate is generic. We abhor what is repugnant 
to our sensibilities or feelings; we detest what 
contradicts our moral principles. AVhat we abom- 
inate does equal violence to our religious and 
moral sentiments ; what we loathe is offensive to 
our nature, and excites unmingled disgust. 

DE-TeST'A-BLE, a. Very hateful.— Syn. Abom- 
inable; odious. 

DE-TeST'A-BLY, ad. Hatefully; abominably. 

DET-ES-Ta'TION, n. Extreme hatred.— Syn. Ab- 
horrence; execration; loathing; abomination. 

DE-TeST'ER, n. One who abhors or abominates. 

DE-THRoNE', v. t. To drive from the throne ; to 
depose. [moval from the throne. 

DE-THRoNE'MENT, n. Act of dethroning ; re- 

DeT'I-NuE (det'e-nu), n. A writ to recover goods 
detained^ [with report ; v. i. to explode. 

DeT'O-NaTE, v. t. To cause to explode ; to burn 

DeT'O-Na-TING- POWDER, n. Fulminating 
mercury, highly explosive when struck or heated. 

DET-O-Na'TION, n. Explosion, as of combusti- 
bles. 

DeT'O-NiZE, v. t. To cause to explode. 

DE-ToRT', v. t. To wrest from the original or 
plain meaning ; to twist ; to pervert. 

DE-T6R'TION, n. A wresting ; a turning aside. 

+DE-T0UR' (da-toorO, n. [Fr.] A turning ; a cir- 
cuitous way. 

DE-TRACT', v. t. Literally, to draw from ; hence, 
to lessen or derogate from. — Syn. To depreciate ; 
withhold ; withdraw ; defame. [mation. 

DE-TRXC'TION (-trak'shun), n. Slander; defa- 

DE-TRaCT'iVE, \ a. Containing detraction ; 

DE-TRa€'TIOUS, f tending to lessen reputation. 

DE-TRACT'OR, n. One who detracts or slanders. 

DET'RI-MENT, n. That which injures.— Syn. 
Damage; injury; loss; harm; mischief. 

DET-RI-MeNT'AL, a. Causing loss; injurious. 

DE-TRI'TAL, of. Pertaining to detritus. 

DE-TRi"TION (-trish'un), n. A wearing off. 

DE-TRi'TUS, n. In geology, earthy substance 
worn off from rocks, &c, and reduced to small 
portions by rubbing together. 

DE-TRuDE', v. t. To thrust or force down. 

DE-TRuNC'aTE, v. t. To shorten by lopping off. 

>DE-TRu'$ION (-tru'zhun), n. Act of thrusting 
down. 

DEuCE (du.se), n. Two in cards or dice. 

DT^nPF 1 ) 

DEuXe' ( ^ use ^ n ' ^- n evil spirit; a demon. 

DEu-TER-oG'A-MY, n. A second marriage. 

DEu-TER-oN'O-MY, n. Second giving of the law 
of Moses ; name of fifth book of the Pentateuch. 

DE-VAP-O-Ra'TION, n. Change of vapor into 
water, as in rain. 

DeV'AS-TaTE, v. t. To lay waste.— Syn. To des- 
olate; ravage; waste; destroy; demolish. 

DEV-AS-Ta'TION, n. A laying waste. — Syn. 
Ravage ; desolation ; destruction ; wasting. 



DE-VeL'OP, v. t. To unfold; to lay open to 
view ; to disclose. 

DE-VeL'OP-MENT, n. An unfolding; disclosure; 
the unraveling of a plot [vest. 

DE-VeST', v. t. To strip ; to take from. See Di- 

DE-YeST', v. i. In law, to be lost or alienated. 

DE-VEX'I-TY, n. A bending down; a sloping. 

De'VI-aTE, v. i. To wander; to depart from 
rule ; Jo err ; to sin. 

DE-YI-a'TION, n. A turning aside from the way ; 
a departure from rule; an error; a wandering 
from the path of duty ; unnecessary departure of 
a ship from the course of her voyage as insured. 

DE-YiCE', n. Act of devising ; scheme ; trick ; an 
emblem or symbolical representation. — Syn. 
Contrivance. — A device implies more of inven- 
tion; a contrivance more of skill in manipulation. 
The former word is often used in a bad sense ; the 
latter almost always in a good one, as a crafty 
device, a useful contrivance. 

DeV'IL (dev'vl), n. An evil spirit ; the chief of 
the fallen angels; a printer's errand-boy. 

DeV'IL, v. t. To cut up old cloth in a machine 
called a devil. [wicked. 

DeV'IL-ISH (dev'vl-ish), a. Like the devil; very 

DeV'IL-TRY, n. Diabolical or mischievous con- 
duct. 

De'VI-OLS, a. Going astray; erring from the 
path ; out of the common way or track ; roving. 

DE-VI$'A-BLE, a. That may be contrived, or 
that may be given by will. [itself. 

DE-VISE' (de-vize'), n. A gift by will, or the will 

DE-VISE', v. t. To contrive ; to plan ; to bequeath ; 
v. i. to consider ; to form a plan or scheme. 

DEV-I-SEE', n. One to whom a thing is given by 

DE-Vi$'ER,-»2. One who contrives. [will. 

DE-VIS'OR, n. One who bequeaths or wills. 

DE-VOID', a. Empty ; destitute ; free from. 

+DE-VOIR' (dev-wor'), n. [2<V.] Primarily, serv- 
ice or duty; hence, an act of civility or respect. 

DEV-O-Lu'TION, n. An act of devolving; re- 
moval from one person to another; a falling by 
succession. 

DE-V6LVE', v. t. To roll down ; to deliver over. 

DE-VoLVE'MENT, n. The act of devolving. 

DE-VoTE', v. t. To give up by a vow or solemn- 
ly ; to dedicate; to doom to eviL — Syn. To con- 
secrate; addict; destine; consign. [tached. 

DE-VoT'ED, a. Ardent; zealous; strongly at- 

DEV-O-TEE', n. One devoted ; a bigot. 

DE-VoTE'MENT, n. Devotedness; dedication. 

DE-Vo'TION, n. The state of being solemnly set 
apart to something ; solemn worship ; prayer to 
the Supreme Being; ardent love. — Syn. Conse- 
cration ; devotedness ; ardor ; attachment ; pie- 
ty; earnestness. 

DE-Vo'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to devotion; 
suited to worship ; used in worship. 

DE-Vo'TION-AL-LY, ad. As moved by devotion- 
al feelings. 

DE-VOUR', v. t. To consume; to eat up; to eat 
greedily; to destroy. [preys on. 

DE-VOUR'ER, n. One who devours, destroys, or 

DE-VOUT', a. Marked by devotion; given to 
prayer; expressing very strong interest. — Syn. 
Pious ; religious ; holy ; prayerful ; solemn ; 
earnest; sincere. [tion. 

DE-VOUT'LY, ad. Piously; with solemn devo- 

DE-VOL T T'NESS, n. Devotion; seriousness; piety. 

DEW (dfi), n. Moisture deposited at night in con- 
sequence of the abstraction of caloric from the 

DEW, v. t. To wet with dew. [air. 

DEW'BER-RY, n. The creeping blackberry. 

DEW'DROP (du'drop), n. A drop or spangle of 
dew. 

DEW'I-NESS, n. State of moisture from dew. 

DEWLAP, n. The flesh under an ox's throat. 

DEW-POINT, n. The point of temperature at 
which dew begins to form and fall. [dew. 

DEWY (du'y), a. Wet or moist with dew ; like 



dove, -wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious.— e asE; g as j ; s as % ; ch as sh ; this. + Not English. 



DEX 



118 



DID 



DfiX'TER. a. [I/.] Eight as opposed to left. 

DEX-TER'I-TY, n. Literally, right-handedness; 
hence, activity and expertness, either of the 
hands or the mind. — Syn. Adroitness ; skill ; 
tact; cleverness; aptitude; address. 

DeX'TRAL, a. The right as opposed to left. 

DEX'TROUS,' \ a. Ready and expert in body 

DeX'TER-OUSJ ormind.— Syn. Adroit; skill- 
ful; clever; apt; handy. [ty. 

DEX'TROUS-LY, ad. With expertness or activi- 

DEY (da), 71. Title of the former governor of Al- 
giers, {.separation, negation, or two. 

Di, a prefix, contracted from dis, denotes from, 

*Dl'A, [(?)*.] a prefix, denotes through. 

DI-A-Be'TeS (-be'tez), n. A morbid discharge of 
urine. 

Di-A-BeT'I€, a. Pertaining to diabetes. 

Di-aB'LE-RIE (de-ab'ler-y), n. IFV.] Deviltry; 
conjuration; a diabolical deed. 

Di-A-BoL'IC, \a. Devilish; impious; out- 

Dl-A-B6L'IG-AL,J rageously wicked. 

Di-aB'O-LISM, n. The actions of the devil. 

Di-aCH'Y-LUM,? (di-nk'y-), n. In medicine, a 

DI-a€H'Y-LON, j mollifying plaster of hydra- 
ted oxyd of lead boiled with olive oil. 

Di-aG'O-NAL, a. Pertaining to a deacon. 

DI-A-€OUS'TIC$, n.pl. The science or doctrine 
of refracted sounds. 

DI-A-CRiT'IC-AL, a. Serving to discriminate. 

Di'A-DEM, n. A crown ; a mark of royalty. 

Dl'A-DEM.E'D (di'a-demd), a. Adorned with a di- 
adem ; crowned ; decorated. 

Dl-iER'E-SIS (di-?r'e-sis), n. ; pi. DI-.ee'e-ses,? . 

Di-eR'E-SIS, n. ; pi. DI-er'e-se$, j B " 

mark (••) over a diphthong to show that its let- 
ters are to be pronounced separately. 

DI-AG-No'SIS, a. Discrimination of the distinct- 
ive characteristics of a thing, especially of a dis- 
ease, [istic. 

Dl-AG-NoS'TIC, a. Distinguishing; character- 

DI-AG-N6S'TIC, n. A sign or symptom by which 
a disease is known from others. [square, &c. 

Di-aG'O-NAL, n. A line from angle to angle of a 

Di-aG'O-NAL, a. Extending from one angle to 
another of a geometrical figure, and dividing it 
into two parts ; being in an angular direction. 

Di-aG'O-NAL-LY, ad. Across from one corner to 
the other. [drawn for illustration ; a plan. 

Di'A-GRAM, n. A mathematical figure or scheme 

Di'A-GRAPH (di'a-graf), n. An instrument used 
in perspective drawing. [shadow. 

DI'AL, n. A plate to show the hour by the sun and 

Di'A-LECT, n. Speech ; peculiar form of speech. 

DI-A-LeC'TI€, V a. Pertaining to dialect ; 

Di-A-LeC'TIC-AL,j logical. 

Di-A-LEC-Ti"CIAN (-tish'an), n. A logician. 

Di-A-Le€'TICS, n. pi. The practical part of logic 
which treats of the rules of reasoning. 

DI'AL-ING, n. The science or art of making dials. 

DI'AL-IST, n. One skilled in making dials. 

Di-aL'O-gIST, n. The speaker or writer of a dia- 
logue. 

Di-AL-O-GiST'IC, V a. Having the form of a 

Di-AL-0-GiST'IG-AL,j dialogue. 

Di'A-LoGUE (-log), n. A discourse between two 
or more ; a written composition representing two 
or more persons as conversing. [esis. 

Di-aL'Y-SIS, n. Separation ; exhaustion ; a dier- 

DI-A-MAG-NET're, a. Applied to substances that, 
when suspended, place themselves at right angles 
to the magnetic meridian. 

Dl-AM'E-TER, n. A right line through the center 
of a circle or other curvilinear figure, dividing it 
into two equal parts. 

Di-aM'E-TRAL, a. Pertaining to diameter. 

DI-A-MeT'RIC-AL, a. Describing a diameter; 
direct; in the direction of the diameter. 

DI-A-M£T'RI€-AL-LY, ad. Directly. 

DI'A-MOND (di'a-mond or di'mond), n. A precious 
stone of the most valuable kind, remarkable for 



its hardness ; a very small printing type ; a figure 
otherwise called a rhombus ; a. like a diamond. 

Di-A-Pa'$ON, n. In music, an octave or interval 
which includes all the tones. 

DI-A-PeN'Te, n. A fifth in music. 

DI'A-PER, n. Figured linen ; cloth for towels, &c. 

Dl'A-PER, v. t. To variegate with figured works, 
flowers, &c._ [light; transparency. 

Di-A-PHA-Ne'I-TY, n. The power of transmitting 

DI-A-PHAN'IC (-fan'ik), a. Having power to 
transmit light. [parent ; clear. 

DI-APH'A-NOUS (-af'a-nus), a. Pellucid; trans- 

Dl-A-PHON'I-eS (-fon'iks), n. The doctrine of re- 
fracted sound. [sweat. 

Di-A-PHO-Re'SIS, n. Augmented perspiration or 

DI'A-PHRAGM (di'a-fram), n. The midriff; a 
partition or dividing substance. 

DI'A-RIST^n. One who keeps a diary. 

Di-AR-RHe'A, \ . -, , j n. Looseness of the 

Dl-AR-RHG3'A,j c ~ re a; ' \ bowels, with unusual 
evacuation. [rhea or promoting it. 

Di-AR-R1IeT'I€ (-ret'ik), a. Pertaining to diar- 

Dl'A-RY, n. An account of daily events or trans- 
actions. 

Di-aS'TO-LE, n. The dilatation of the heart ; a 
figure by which a syllable naturally short is made 
long. 

Di-aTH'E-SIS, n. A predisposition to particular 
diseases ; certain state of the body. 

Dl-A-ToN'IG, a. Ascending or descending by 
tones or semitones. [or disputation. 

Di'A-TRlBE, n. A continued or tedious discourse 

DlB'BLE, n. A tool for planting seeds. 

DlB'BLE, v. t. To plant with a dibble. 

DiCE, n. ; pi. of Die. A game with dice. 

DiCE'-B6X, n. A box to throw dice from. 

Di-CePH'A-LOUS- (-sef'a-lus), a. Having two 
heads on one body. 

DI'€HRO-ISM (df kro-izm), n. The property of 
appearing under two distinct colors, according 
to the direction in which light is transmitted 
through a body. 

Di-€HRO-MaT'I€, a. Having two colors. 

DiCK'ER, n. The number of ten hides or skins. 
lEng.l 

DiCK'ER, v. t. To trade by exchange ; to barter. 

DiCK'Y, n. A false bosom with or without collar ; 
a seat behind a carriage for servants. 

DiC'TaTE, v. t. To direct ; to impel with author- 
ity. — Syn. To prescribe; enjoin; command; 
urge; admonish; v. i. to tell something to be 
written down. 

DiC'TaTE, n. An authoritative rule or impulse. 
— Syn. Admonition; suggestion. 

DIC-Ta'TION, n. An order; act of dictating. 

DIC-Ta'TOR, n. One invested with unlimited 
power. [matical. 

DIC-TA-To'RI-AL, a. Unlimited in power ; dog- 

DIC-Ta'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a dictator. 

DiC'TA-TO-RY, a. Overbearing ; dogmatical. 

DIC-Ta'TRIX, n. A female who dictates. 

DlC'TION (dik'shun), n. Form of words in which 
ideas are expressed. — Syn. Style ; phraseology. — 
Style relates both to language and thought ; dic- 
tion to language only; phraseology to the me- 
chanical structure of sentences or the mode in 
which they are phrased. The style of Burke was 
enriched with all the higher graces of composi- 
tion ; his diction was varied and copious; his 
phraseology, at times, was careless and cumber- 
some. 

DiC'TION-A-RY, n. A book in which words are 
alphabetically arranged and explained. 

DiC'TUM, n. ; pi. Di«'ta. An authoritative 
word, saying, or assertion. 

DiD, pret. of Do. 

Di-DAC'TIC, ) a. Giving instruction; pre- 

Di-DaC'TIC-AL,)" ceptive; doctrinal. 

Di-DAC'TYL-OUS, a. Having two toes. 

DID'DLE, v. t. To cheat; to overreach. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; thfjbe, teem; mae'ine, bied; move, 



DIE 



119 



DLL 



DIE (di), v. i. To lose life ; to expire ; to cease ; 
to vanish; to languish; to recede ; to perish. 

DiE (di), n. ; yl. Dice. A small cube marked on 
its faces from one to six, used in gaming. In 
architecture, the cubical part of the pedestal be- 
tween the base and the cornice. 

DIE, n. ; yl. Dies (dlze). A stamp used in coin- 
ing money, &c. [vention of princes, &c. 

DIET, n. Manner of living ; food; board; a con- 

DI'ET, v. t. To feed ; to supply with food ; v. i. 
to eat by rule ; to eat sparingly. 

Di'ET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to diet or to the rules 
of diet; n. rule of diet. 

DI-E-TeT'I€, a. Pertaining to diet. 

Di-E-TeT'I€S, n. yl. The philosophy or princi- 
ples of regulating diet; the classification of food, 
so as to prevent or cure diseases. 

DIF'FEK, v. i. To be unlike; to disagree. — Syn. 
Differ with; differ from. — Differ uith is used in 
reference to opinions, as, " I differ with my friend 
on that point." In all other cases, expressing 
Bimple unlikeness, differ from is used, as, "These 
two persons or things differ entirely from each 
other." This distinction is fully established in 
England, and, to a great extent, in America. 

DIF'FEK-ENCE, n. State of being unlike or dis- 
tinct ; state of contention ; ground of controversy. 
— Syn. Diversity; dissimilarity; contrariety; 
disagreement; variance; dispute; quarrel; con- 
troversy. 

DlF'FER-ENT, fl. Unlike ; distinct ; separate. 

DIF-FER-eN'TIAL, a. Relating to differences. 

DIF-FER-eN'TIAL €aL'€u-LUS, n. One of the 
higher branches of mathematics. 

DIF'FER-ENT-LY, ad. With disagreement. 

DIF'FI-CULT, a. Hard to be done; hard to be 
pleased. 

DIF'FI-CUL-TY, n. Hardness to be done; em- 
barrassment ; objection. 

DlF'FI-DENCE, n. Want of confidence; modest 
reserve. — Syn. Distrust; doubt; fear; timidity. 

DlF'FI-DENT, a. Distrustful ; bashful. 

DIF'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing every way ; not fixed. 

DIF-F6RM'I-TY, n. Unlikeness ; dissimilitude. 

DIF-FRaGT', v. t. To break in pieces, as light. 

DIF-FRa€'TION, n. A change in light when 
passing the edge of an opaque body; it has par- 
allel bauds or fringes. [chise. 

DIF-FJRaN'CHiSE (-fran'chiz). See Disfran- 

DIF-Fu$E' (-fuze'), v. t. To pour out; to spread; 
to disperse ; to extend in all directions. 

DIF-FuSE' (-fuceO, «• Widely spread ; using or 
containing many words. — Syn. Copious; prolix; 
verbose; expansive. 

DIF-FuSE'LY, ad. Widely; copiously; fully. 

DIF-FU-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. Quality of being diffu- 
sible, or capable of being spread. 

DIF-Fu'SI-BLE, a. That may be diffused. 

DIF-Fu'SION (-fu'zhun), n. A spreading; dis- 
persion ; extension. 

DIF-Fu'SIVE, a. That spreads widely ; extensive. 

DIG, v. t. iyret. and yy. Digged and Dug.] To 
open, break, or turn up the earth with a spade ; 
to thrust in ; v. i. to work with a spade ; to ex- 
cavate; to pierce; to work in search of. 

DI-GAM'MA, n. The name of an early Greek let- 
ter, nearly resembling our F in form. 

Di'gEST, n. A collection or body of Roman laws, 
arranged under proper titles by order of the Em- 
peror Justinian ; an}' collection or summary of 
laws disposed under proper heads. 

Di-geST' (de-jest'), v. t. To dissolve in the stom- 
ach; to reduce to method mentally. — Syn. To 
arrange ; distribute ; dispose. 

Di-geST'ER, n. One who sets in order; that 
which aids digestion ; a strong metallic vessel for 
dissolving bones, &c. [ed. 

Di-gEST-I-BiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being digest- 

Di-geST'I-BLE (de-jest'e-bl), a. Capable of being 
digested. 



Di-geS'TION (de-just'yun), n. The process of dis- 
solving food in the stomach and preparing it for 
circulation and nutriment. In chemistry, the op- 
eration of exposing bodies to heat or slow action 
of a solvent, to prepare them for mutual action. 

Dl-GEST'IVE, a. Causing digestion ; dissolving. 

DIG'GING, n. The act of digging; the place 
where gold, &c, is dug. 

DIGHT (elite), v. t. To dress; to adorn. 

DlG'IT (dij'it), n. Three fourths of an inch ; the 
twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon ; 
an integer below ten. 

Dig'I-TAL, a. Relating to a digit or finger. 

DIg-I-Ta'LIS, n. The fox-glove. [gers. 

Dig'I-TaTE, a. Branching into leaflets like fin- 

DIg-I-Ta'TION (dij-it-a'shun), n. A finger-like 
division or process. 

DIG'NI-FL&D (-fide), a. Invested with dignity; 
marked with dignity; noble; august; stately. 

DiG'NI-Fy, v. t. To invest with honor; to make 
illustrious. — Syn. To exalt; elevate; ennoble. 

DIG'NI-TA-RY, n. A clergyman of superior rank. 

DIG'NI-TY, n. Elevation of mind; high rank; 
grandeur of mien or deportment. See Decorum. 

Di'GRAPH, n. A union of two vowels, one only 
being sounded. 

Di-GReSS', v. i. To turn from the main subject. 
— Syn. To wander ; deviate ; depart. 

Di-GReS'SION (de-gresh'un), n. A deviation from 
the subject. 

Di-GReS'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to digression. 

Di-GReSS'iVE, a. Departing from the main sub- 
ject. 

DI-Ju'DI-€aTE, v. t. To judge ; to censure. 

DI-JU-DI-Ca'TION, n. A judgment between two ; 
judicial decision. 

DIKE, n. A ditch ; a mound of earth ; melted min- 
eral matter bursting through strata and filling 
the rents. 

DI-LaC'ER-aTE, v. t. To tear ; to rend. 

Di-LAC-ER-a'TION (-las-er-a'shun), n. Act of 
rending asunder. 

Di-La'NI-aTE, v. t. To tear ; to lacerate. 

Di-LAPT-DaTE, v. t. To pull down; to destroy; 
v. i. to go to ruin ; to suffer to go to ruin. 

D'i-LaP'I-Da-TED, a. Suffered to go to ruin. 

Di-LAP-I-Da'TION, n. A destroying ; decay ; ec- 
clesiastical waste. [expansion. 

DI-La-TA-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting 

Di-LaT'A-BLE, a. That may be dilated. 

DIL-A-Ta'TION, n. Act of dilating ; expansion. 

Di-LaTE', v. t. To spread out in all directions; 
to speak or relate at great length ; v. i. to swell 
out or expand ; to dwell upon or speak at great 
length.— Syn. To expand; extend; distend. 

DIL'A-TO-RI-LY, ad. Slowly ; tardily ; with de- 
lay, [tardy; sluggish; inactive. 

DIL'A-TO-RY, a. Given to delay.— Syn. Slow; 

DI-LeM'MA, n. A perplexing state or alternative ; 
a difficult or doubtful choice. In logic, an argu- 
ment conclusive on either of two contrary suppo- 
sitions, [mirer of the fine arts. 

+DIL-ET-TaN'TE, n. ; yl. Dil-et-tan'ti. An ad- 

DIL-ET-TAN'TE-ISM, n. The pursuits and feel- 
ings of a dilettante. 

*DIL'I-GENCE (.dil'e-zhanse), n. [Fr.] The name 
of a kind of stage-coach used in Europe. 

DIL'I-gENCE, n. Steady application to some em- 
ployment. — Syn. Industry. — Industry has the 
wider sense of the two, implying an habitual de- 
votion to labor for some valuable end, as knowl- 
edge, property, &c. ; diligence (from diligo, to pre- 
fer or love) denotes earnest application to some 
specific object or pursuit. A man may be diligent 
for a time, or in seeking some favorite end, with- 
out meriting the title of industrious. Such was 
the case with Fox, while Burke was eminent not 
only for diligence, but industry: he was always 
at work, and always looking out for some new 
field of mental effort. 



dove, wolf, book; EULE, dull; vi cious. — o as k ; g as j; s as z; cu as su ; tuis. * Xot English. 



DEL 



120 



DIR 



DIL'I-gENT, a. Steady in application to busi- 
ness. — Syn. Assiduous ; industrious ; constant ; 
heedful; sedulous. [carefully. 

DIL'I-GENT-LY, ad. With steady application; 

DiLL, n. An aromatic plant. 

DI-Lu'OID, a. Clear ; not obscure. 

DI-Lu'CID-aTE, v. t. To clear; to illustrate. 

DII/u-ENT, a. Making thin or weak, as a liquor. 

DIL'u-ENT, n. That which reduces strength, as 
of liquors; that which thins or attenuates. In 
medicine, applied to a liquid that tends to in- 
crease the fluids of the body. 

DI-LuTE', v. t. To make more thin; to weaken. 

DI-LuTE', a. Weakened with water; rendered 

DI-LuT'ED, a. Weakened ; reduced. [thin. 

DI-Lu'TION (de-lu'shun), n. Act of making more 
thin or weakening. 

Di-Lu'VT-AL, \ a. Relating to a flood, especially 

DI-Lu VI-AN,j to the deluge in Noah's days. 

Di-Lu'VI-UM, n. In geology, a surface deposit of 
clay, sand, gravel, bowlders, &c, caused by the 
deluge or ancient currents of water. 

DiM, a. Not seeing clearly, as dim eyes ; not clear- 
ly seen, as a dim prospect; somewhat dark. — 
Syn. Obscure; dusky; dull; sullied. 

DiM, v. t. To cloud ; to darken ; to obscure ; to 
render dull. 

DIME, n. A silver coin of the United States, val- 
ue ten cents ; the tenth of a dollar. 

DI-MeN'SION (de-men'shun), n. Extent of a body. 
— Syn. Bulk ; size ; capacity. [boundless. 

DI-MeN'SION-LESS, a. Without dimensions ; 

DI-MID'1-aTE, v. i. To divide into two equal parts. 

DI-MIN'ISII, v. t. To make less or smaller ; v. i. 
to become less ; to appear less. — Syn. To lessen ; 
decrease ; abate ; reduce. See Decrease. 

+DI-MIN-u-eN'DO, in music, directs to lessen the 
volume of sound. 

DI-MIN'u-ENT, a. Lessening; diminishing. 

DIM-I-Nu'TION, n. Act of making smaller; a 
lessening ; state of becoming or appearing less. 

DI-MIN'u-TiVE, n. In grammar, a word or end- 
ing which lessens the meaning of the original 
word, on which it is formed. 

DIM'IS-SO-RY, a. Dismissing to another juris- 
diction; granting leave to depart. 

DiMT-TY, n. A kind of white cotton cloth ribbed. 

DiM'LY, ad. Obscurely ; with imperfect sight. 

DIM'MISH, a. Slightly dim. 

DiM'NESS, n. Dullness of sight ; want of clear- 
ness ; faintness ; want of brightness ; imperfec- 
tion. See Darkness. 

Di-MoRPH'OUS, a. Having the property of crys- 
tallizing with such difference of angles as to ren- 
der doubtful which of the two forms is the prima- 
ry one. [or chin. 

DIM'PLE (dim'pl), n. A little hollow in the cheek 

DiM'PLE, v. i. To form dimples or hollows; to 
sink into depressions. 

DiN, n. Noise ; clatter ; continued sounds. 

DIN, v. t. To strike with continued sounds; to 
stun with noise. [persons. 

DIN'AR-CHY (dm'ar-ky), n. Government by two 

DINE, v. i. To eat a dinner; v. t. to give a din- 
ner ; to furnish with food. 

DING, v. t. To thrust or dash violently ; to force 
or urge ; v. i. to bluster ; to make an ado. 

DING'-DoNG, n. Words used to express the 
sound of bells. 

DiN'gI-NESS, n. A dark, dusky hue. 

DIN G 'GLE (ding'gl), n. A hollow or narrow dale 
between hills. 

DIN'gY, a. Dark ; dusky ; soiled ; sullied. 

DIN'NER, n. The chief meal in the day. 

DINT, n. An impression ; mark of a blow; force. 

DINT, v. t. To make a hollow ; to indent. 

DI-O-CE-SAN (dl-os'e-san or di-o-se'san), a. Per- 
taining to a diocese. 

DI-O-CE-SAN (dl-os'e-san or di-o-se'san), n. Abish- 
op ; one who holds a diocese, with its jurisdiction. 



DI'O-CeSE, n. The jurisdiction of a bishop. 

Di-5P'TRI€, \ a. Pertaining to dioptrics; as- 

DI-oP'TRIC-AL, J sisting the sight. 

DI-6P'TRIGS, n. pi. That part of optics which 
treats of the refraction of light passing through 
different media. 

Dl-O-RX'MA, n. An exhibition of paintings, in 
which the shades and coloring are varied by a 
change of light, thus increasing greatly the op- 
tical illusion ; a building for such exhibitions. 

Di-O-RaM'IC, a. Pertaining to a diorama. 

DIP, v. t. Ipret. and pp. Dipped or Dipt.] To 
plunge or immerse; v.i. to sink ; to incline down- 
ward; to enter into slightly. [zontal line. 

DIP, n. Inclination downward below the hori- 

Di-PeT'AL-OUS, a. Having two petals. 

DIPH'THONG (dif'thong or dip'thong), n. A union 
of two vowels in one sound or syllable. 

DIPH-THoN G 'GAL (dif-thong'gal), a. Belonging 
to or consisting of a diphthong, [merit or honor. 

DI-PLo'MA, n. A deed of privilege ; certificate of 

DI-PLo'MA-CY, n. Customs and rules of embas- 
sadors and other public ministers; forms of nego- 
tiations; whole body of ministers at a foreign 
court ; the agency, art, or management of minis- 
ters at a foreign court. [public ministers. 

DIP-LO-MaT'I€, a. Pertaining to diplomas or 

DI-PLo'MA-TIST,) n. A person employed or 

DIP'LO-MAT, j* skilled in diplomacy. 

DIP'PER, n. One that dips ; a vessel for dipping ; 
a ladle. [ward the earth, or downward. 

DIP'PING, n. An immersion ; act of inclining to- 

DIP'PING-NEE'DLE, n. A magnetic needle which 
dips or inclines to the earth. 

Di-RA-DI-a'TION, n. Rays of light emitted and 
diffused from a luminous body. 

DIRE, a. Dreadful ; dismal ; horrible. 

Di-ReCT', a. Straight ; right ; plain. 

DI-Re€T', v. t. To order; to regulate; to aim; 
to address. 

DI-Re€'TION, n. Literally, a pointing out; 
hence, line of motion or aim ; superscription of a 
letter, package, &c. ; order. — Syn. Control ; com- 
mand. — Control is negative, denoting power to 
restrain ; command is positive, implying a right 
to enforce obedience; directions are commands 
containing instructions how to act. A shipmas- 
ter has the command of his vessel ; he gives di- 
rections to the seamen as to the mode of sailing 
it; and exercises a due control over the conduct 
of the passengers. [direct ; informing. 

DI-ReCT'IVE, a. Giving direction ; adapted to 

DI-ReCT'LY, ad. Literally, in a straight line; 
without delay; soon. — Syn. Immediately; in- 
stantly; instantaneously. — "I will do it direct- 
ly,'''' means, "I will go straightway about it." — 
"I will do it immediately," means, "I will do it 
as the very next thing." — "I will do it instantly 
or instantaneously,''' allows not a particle of delay. 

Di-Re€T'NESS, n. Straightness ; shortness of 
way. 

DI-ReCT'OR, n. One who orders ; a superintend- 
ent; one appointed to transact the affairs of a 
company, as the director of a bank. 

DI-RE€-fo'RI-AL, a. Serving for direction ; im- 
plying command. 

DI-ReCT'OR-SHIP, n. Office of director. 

DI-RECT'O-RY, n. A rule ; a guide or book of di- 
rections; a. tending to direct ; enjoining. 

DI-Re€T'RESS, n. A female who directs. 

Di-Re€T' TAX, n. A tax assessed directly on an 
object. 

DIRE'FUL, a. Dreadful ; dismal ; horrible. 

DIRE'FUL-LY, ad. Dreadfully ; horribly. 

DiRGE (iT), n. A funeral song or tune. 

DIRK (IT), n. A kind of dagger or poniard. 

DiRK, v. t. To stab with a dirk or dagger. 

DiRT (17), n. Earth ; mud ; filth ; any foul sub- 
stance ; v. t. to make dirty or foul ; to bedaub. 

DiRT'I-LY, ad. Filthily; foully ; by low means. 



I, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, niEn; move, 



DIE 



121 



DIS 



DiRT'Y (17), a. Foul with dirt or filth ; mean ; 
base; v. t. to make foul or filthy; to soil. 

DiS, a prefix or inseparable preposition, denoting 
separation ; it has tbe force of a privative and 
negative, as in disarm, disagree. As to the sound 
of the s in these compounds, see Remarks on Key. 

DIS-A-BiL'I-TY,n. Want of competency or right. 
— Syn. Inability. — Inability is want of power in 
itself considered ; disability arises from some de- 
pravation or loss of the needed competency. 
One who becomes deranged is under a disability 
of holding his estate ; and one who is made a 
judge, of deciding in his own case. 

DIS-a'BLE, v. t. To deprive of strength ; to dis- 
qualify; to weaken or deprive of adequate means. 

DIS-A'BLi?D, a. Deprived of power ; disquali- 
fiedj weakened. [ment. 

DIS-a'BLE-MENT, n. Weakness; legal impedi- 

DIS-A-BuSE', v. t. To free from mistake; to un- 
deceive, [uience. 

DIS-A€-€5M'MO-DaTE, v. t. To put to inconve- 

DIS-A€-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. A state of being 
unfit or unprepared. 

DIS-A€-€uS'TOM, v. t. To disuse by neglect of 
custom ; to cease to practice. 

DIS-A€-KN5WL'EDgE (-ak-nol'lej), v. t. To 
deny ; to disown. 

DIS-AD-VaN'TAgE, n. Unfavorable state ; inju- 
ry ; that which prevents or renders success diffi- 
cult, [ble to success. 

DIS-AD-VAN-Ta'gEOUS (-ta'jus), a. Unfavora- 

DIS-AD-VAN-Ta'gEOUS-LY, ad. With disad- 
vantage. 

DIS-AF-FeOT', v. t. To make less friendly; to 
alienate affection. [tions alienated. 

DIS-AF-Fe€T'ED, pp. or a. Having the affec- 

DIS-AF-Fe€'TIOX, n. Alienation of good will ; 
want of affection ; dislike. 

DIS-AF-FiRM', v. t. To deny; to contradict. 

DIS-AF-FIRM'AXCE, n. Denial; disproof; judi- 
cial annulment. 

DIS-AF-F6R'EST, v. t. To reduce from the priv- 
ileges of a forest to the state of common ground. 

DIS-AG-GRE-Ga'TION, n. Act of segregating or 
separating an aggregate body into its component 
parts. 

DIS-A-GREE', v. i. To be discordant ; to differ in 
opinion ; to be unsuitable. — Syn. To vary ; dis- 
sent; quarrel. 

DIS-A-GREE'A-BLE, a. Unpleasant to the mind 
or senses. — Syn. Offensive; disgusting. 

DIS-A-GREE' A-BLY, ad. Unpleasantly. 

DIS-A-GREE'MENT, n. Difference in form or 
essence ; contrariety of opinion or feeling. — Syn. 
Diversity; discrepancy; variance; dissent; mis- 
understanding; jar; discord. 

DIS-AL-LOW,' v. t. To disapprove ; to reject ; not 
to permit. [permitted. 

DIS-AL-LOW'A-BLE, a. Not allowable ; not to be 

DIS-AL-LOW'ANCE, n. Refusal to permit; dis- 
approbation ; prohibition ; rejection. [orage. 

DIS-AX€H'OR (-ank'ur), v. t. To force from anch- 

DIS-aN'1-MaTE, v. t. To deprive of spirit. 

DIS-AN-NEX', v. t. To disunite ; to separate. 

DIS-AX-XfjL'. See Annul. 

DIS-A-XOIXT', V. t. To make anointing invalid. 

DIS-AP-PAR'EL, v. t. To disrobe: to undress. 

DIS-AP-PeAR', v. i. To vanish from the sight ; 
to recede from the view. [sight. 

DIS-AP-PeAR'AXCE, n. A withdrawing from 

DIS-AP-POINT', v. t. To defeat of expectation or 
desire ; to frustrate ; to balk. 

DIS-AP-POIXT'MEXT, n. A defeat of hopes; 
failure of expectation or plan. 

DIS-AP-PRO-Ba'TIOX, n. A disapproving; dis- 
like ; expression of censure. 

DIS-AP-PRo'PRI-aTE, v. t. To divert from ap- 
propriation ; a. not appropriated. 

DIS-AP-PRoV AL, n. Disapprobation; dislike. 

DIS-AP-PRoVE' (-proovO, v. t. To blame ; to con- 



demn in opinion or judgment; to manifest dis- 
like ; to reject. 

DIS-aRM' (diz-Urm'), v. t. To deprive of arms or 
means of attack or defense ; to weaken or disa- 
ble ; to strip of. [settle. 

DIS-AR-RaNgE', v. t. To put out of order; to un- 

DIS-AR-RaXgE'MENT, n. The act of disturbing 
order or method ; disorder. 

DIS-AR-R4Y', v. t. To undress; to put out of or- 
der ; to overthrow. [dress. 

DIS-AR-RaY', n. Want of order; confusion ; un- 

DIS-AS-So'CI-aTE, v. t. To disunite ; to break 
off from society. 

DI$-AS'TER(diz-as'ter),?i. A sudden misfortune. 
Syn. Mishap; calamity; mischance. [ive. 

DIiS-AS'TROUS,a. Unlucky; calamitous; afliict- 

DIS-A-VOUCII', v. t. To retract ; to deny ; to dis- 
own, [sent from. 

DIS-A-VOW', v.t. To deny; to disown; to dis- 

DIS-A-VOW'AL, n. A disowning ; denial. 

DIS-BaND', v. t. To dismiss; to scatter; v.i. to 
retire from military service ; to separate ; to 
break up. 

DIS-BE-LIEF' (-leef), n. Refusal of belief.— Syn. 
Unbelief. — Unbelief is a mere failure to admit; 
disbelief is a positive rejection. One may be an 
unbeliever in Christianity from ignorance or want 
of inquiry; a disbeliever has the proofs before 
him, and incurs the guilt of setting them aside. 

DIS-BE-LIEVE' (-leevO, v. t. Not to believe ; to 
discredit; to deny. 

DIS-BE-LIEV'ER, n. One who does not believe, 
or denies a thing to be true or real ; an infidel. 

DIS-BOW'EL, v. t. To take out the intestines. 

DIS-BuR'DJ5N (-biir'dn), v. t. To unload; to dis- 
charge ; v. i. to relieve the mind ; to be set at 
ease. [out money. 

DIS-BuRSE', v. t. To expend or lay out; to pay 

DIS-BuRSE'MEXT, n. Laying out; expenditure. 

DIS-BuRS'ER, n. One who lays out or expends; 
one who pays out money. 

DiSO. See Disk. 

DIS-€aRD', v. t. To cast off— Syn. Dismiss.— To 
dismiss a servant is simply to send him away ; to 
discard is to cast off or reject him, like useless 
cards thrown from the hand. 

DIS-€aR'NATE, a. Stripped of flesh. 

DIS-CeRN' (13), v. t. To see; to perceive; to 
judge ; v. i. to see the difference ; to make a dis- 
crimination. 

DIS-CeRN'ER. n. One who discerns ; an observer. 

DIS-CeRN'I-BLE, a. That may be seen ; discov- 
erable, [knowing; sharp-sighted. 

DIS-CeRN'IXG, a. Able to see or distinguish ; 

DIS-CeRX'IXG, n. The power of distinguishing. 

DIS-CeRN'MENT, n. Act of discerning; acute- 
ness of judgment. — Syn. Penetration; discrimi- 
nation. — Discernment is accuracy and keenness 
of mental vision ; penetration is the power of see- 
ing deeply into a subject in spite of every thing 
that intercepts the view; discrimination is a ca- 
pacity of tracing out minute distinctions and the 
nicest shades of thought. A discerning man is 
not easily misled ; one of a penetrating mind sees 
a multitude of things which escape others ; a cft's- 
criminating judgment detects the slightest differ- 
ences. 

DIS-CeRP'TION, n. Act of pulling to pieces. 

DIS-CHaRgE', v. t. To dismiss; to unload; to 
acquit; to fire, as arms; to pay; v. i. to break 
up ; to release one's self. 

DIS-CHaRgE', n. An unloading; firing off; dis- 
mission ; release ; vent ; emission ; exemption ; 
payment. 

DIS-CHaRg'ER, n. One that discharges. 

DIS-CHaRg'ING-RoD, n. A wire bent, with 
knobs on both ends, and a glass handle, to dis- 
charge the Ley den jar. 

DIS-CI'PLE, n. A learner; a scholar or follower; 
v. t. to convert ; to proselyte. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"oious. — o as k ; g as j ; $ as z ; ch as en ; this. * Xot English. 



DIS 



122 



DIS 



DIS-CI-PLE-SHIP, n. State of a disciple. 

DiS'CI-PLIN-A-BLE, a. Capable of or liable to 
discipline. [discipline. 

DIS-CI-PLIN-a'RI-AN, n. One versed or rigid in 

DiS'CI-PLIN-A-RY, a. Intended for discipline. 

DiS'CI-PLINE, n. Instruction; cultivation and 
improvement in arts, sciences, morals, manners, 
or government ; regulation of practice ; order ; 
correction ; punishment. 

DlS'CI-PLiNE, v. t. To instruct and govern ; to 
educate ; to correct ; to chasten ; to punish. 

DIS-CLaIM', v. t. To disown; to renounce; to 
retracta claim to. 

DIS-€LaIM'ER, n. One who disclaims. In law, 
an express denial or a renouncing of any thing 
before claimed. 

DIS-CLA-Ma'TION, n. Act of disclaiming. 

DLS-CLo$E' (-klozeO, v. t. To lay open to view; 
to make known. — Syn. To uncover; reveal; di- 
vulge ;_ unvail ; utter. See Divulge. 

DIS-CLoS'URE (-klo'zhur), n. A revealing; dis- 
covering. 

DiS'COID, \ a. Having the form of a discus 

DIS-€OID'AL,j or disk. 

DIS-CoL'OR, v. t. To alter the color or appear- 
ance ; to stain ; to change the complexion ; to 
tinge. 

DIS-CoL-OR-a'TION, n. Change of color ; stain. 

DIS-CGM'FIT, v. t. To cause to flee.— Syn. To 
rout; defeat; overthrow; vanquish. 

DIS-CdM'FIT-uRE (-kum'fit-yur), n. Defeat; 
overthrow; ruin. [quiet. 

DIS-CoM'FORT (-kum'furt), n. Uneasiness; dis- 

DIS-CoM'FORT, v. t. To disturb peace or happi- 
ness ; to make uneasy ; to pain ; to grieve. 

DIS-COM-MEND', v. t. To dispraise ; to blame. 

DIS-COM-MeND'A-BLE, a. Blamable. 

DIS-€OM-MoDE', v. t. To incommode ; to put to 
inconvenience. 

DIS-COM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. Inconvenient. 

DIS-COM-MoD'I-TY, n. Inconvenience ; trouble. 

DIS-COM-PoSE' (-poze'), v. t. To ruffle; to dis- 
turb; to unsettle; to confuse; to agitate. 

DIS-C0M-P5SSD' (-pozd'), a. Ruffled ; agitated ; 
unsettled; confused. [turbance. 

DIS-COM-PoSURE (-po'zhur), n. Disorder; dis- 

DIS-CON-CeRT', v. t. To interrupt order or de- 
sign ; to defeat or frustrate. [unsettled. 

DIS-CON-CeRT'ED, a. ' Broken up ; frustrated ; 

DIS-€ON-F6RM'I-TY, n. Want of conformity. 

DIS-CON-GRu'I-TY,M. Unfitness; ill adaptation. 

DIS-CON-NeCT', v. t. To separate; to disunite. 

DIS-CON-NeCT'ED, pp. or a. Freed from union. 

DIS-CON-NeC'TION (-nCk'shun), n. A state of 
separation. [cast down ; sad. 

DIS-€oN'SO-LATE,a. Comfortless; melancholy; 

DIS-CON-TeNT', n. Want of contentment; un- 
easiness; dissatisfaction; v. t. to make uneasy; 
to disquiet or dissatisfy. 

DIS-CON-TeNT'ED, a. Uneasy; dissatisfied. 

DIS-CON-TeNT'MENT, n. State of being dissat- 
isfied ; disquietude. 

DIS-CON-TiN'u-ANCE, n. Want of continuance ; 
a breaking off. — Syn. Cessation; intermission; 
disjunction ; disruption. 

DIS-€ON-TiN'uE, v. t. To drop; to leave off; to 
cause to cease ; v. i. to leave or lose a right ; to 
cease. 

DIS-CON-TI-Nu'I-TY, n. A separation of parts. 

DIS-€ON-TiN'u-OUS, a. Separate; broken off; 
disjoined. 

DiS'CORD, n. Disagreement among persons or 
things; want of order or harmony. In music, 
disagreement of sounds. — Syn. Variance; dis- 
sension ; strife ; contention ; dissonance. 

DIS-CoRD'ANCE, > n. Want of harmony; dis- 

DIS-€oRD'AN-CY,f agreement. 

DIS-C6RD'ANT, a. Not in unison; in a state of 
opposition.-^SYN. Unharmonious ; incongruous ; 
repugnant; contrary; dissonant; harsh. 



DiS'COUNT, n. A sum deducted on account of 
earlier payment ; the deduction of the interest on 
money at the time of lending ; the sum deducted ; 
allowance for credit. 

DiS'COUNT or DIS-COUNT', v. t. To advance 
money on a note before due for a premium ; to 
deduct; to lend and deduct the interest at the 
time ; v. i. to lend or practice lending on interest 
deducted at the time. 

DIS-COUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be discounted. 

DiS'COUNT-DaY, n. The day of the week on 
which a bank discounts notes and bills. 

DIS-COUN'TE-NANCE, v. t. To discourage; to 
check by cold looks, &c. [bation. 

DIS-COUN'TE-NANCE, n. Disfavor; disappro- 

DIS-COUR'A&E (-kiir'aje), v. t. To weaken or de- 
stroy courage ; to deprive of confidence ; to dis- 
hearten; to dissuade. 

DIS-COUR'AGE-MENT, n. The act of depriving 
of courage ; that which impairs confidence or 
disheartens. [age. 

DIS-CoUR'Ag-ING, a. Tending to depress cour- 

DIS-CoURSE' (-korse'), n. Conversation; ser- 
monj^ treatise. 

DIS-CoURSE' (-korse'), v. i. To talk ; to speak ; 

« to converse ; v. t. to utter or give forth ; to treat 
of. [rude. 

DIS-C6UR'TE-OUS (-kfirt'e-us), a. Uncivil; 

DIS-CoUR'TE-SY (-kur'te-sy), n. Incivility; 
rudeness ; ill manners. 

DiSC'OUS, a. Broad; flat. 

DIS-COV'ER (-kuv'er), v. t. Literally, to uncov- 
er; hence, to lay open to view ; to make known; 
to find out; to exhibit. — Syn. Invent. — We dis- 
cover what existed before but remained unknown ; 
we invent by forming combinations which are 
either entirely new or which attain their end by 
means unknown before. Columbus discovered 
America ; Whitney invented the cotton-gin. 

DIS-CuV'ER-A-BLE (-kuv'er-), a. That may be 
discovered. 

DIS-C6VER-ER (-kuv'er-), n. One who finds 
out, makes known, or exposes. 

DIS-COV'ER-Y, n. A bringing to light ; disclos- 
ure; first sight of; that which is first seen, found 
out, or made. 

DIS-CReD'IT, n. Want of credit; some degree 
of disesteem or disgrace. — Syn. Disbelief; disre- 
pute; dishonor. 

DIS-CReD'IT, v. t. Not to credit or believe; to 
deprive of credibility ; to bring into disrepute. 

DIS-CReD'IT-A-BLE, a. Injurious to reputation. 

DIS-CREET', a. Wise in avoiding errors or eviL, 
— Syn. Prudent; judicious; cautious. 

DIS-CREET'LY, ad. Wisely, from nice judg- 
ment ; cautiously. 

DIS-CREET'NESS, n. Discretion; prudence; 
qualities of choosing and doing what is best. 

DIS-CReP'ANCE, \ n. Difference; ,want of 

DIS-CReP'AN-CY,J agreement; variance; 
contrariety. [trary. 

DIS-€ReP'ANT, a. Different; disagreeing; con- 

DIS-CReTE', a. Distinct ; separate ; not contin- ' 
uous. [ciousness; good sense; skill. 

DIS-CRe"TION (-krcsh'un), n. Prudence; judi- 

DIS-CRe"TION-AL, I a. Left to discretion ; 

DIS-CRe"TION-A-RY, j according to one's own 
choice; to be governed by discretion or judg- 
ment only. 

DIS-CRe'TIVE_, a. Serving to distinguish. 

DIS-CRiM'I-NaTE, v. t. To separate; to select 
out ; to markjwith notes of difference. 

DIS-CRiM'I-NaTE, v. i. To make a difference or 
distinction ; to distinguish, as in judging of evi- 
dence ; to note a difference. 

DIS-CRiM'I-Na-TING, ppr. Distinguishing; a. 
that discriminates ; peculiar. 

DIS-CRIM-I-Na'TION, n. A distinguishing be- 
tween things ; the faculty of nicely distinguish- 
ing differences. See Discernment. 



., long. — a, e, &c, short. — ca.ee, fae, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, bied; move, 



DIS 



123 



DIS 



DI3-€RiM'I-XA-TiYE, a. Serving to distinguish. 

DIS-€RiM'I-Xa-TOR, n. One who notes and 
makes a distinction or difference. 

DIS-€u'BI-TO-RY, a. Leaning; reclining. 

DIS-€£L'PaTE, v. t. To free from blame; to ex- 
cuse. 

Dlri-CCM'BEX-CY, n. Act of leaning at meat. 

DIS-€C\M'BER, v. t. To unburden ; to disengage ; 
to put off or lay aside any thing troublesome or 
unpleasant. [and fro. 

DIS-CcR'SIOX (-kur'shun), n. Act of running to 

DIS-CuR'SIVE, a. Roving; irregular; argument- 
ative; desultory; reasoning. 

DiS€'US, n. A quoit ; a round iron for play. 

DIS-CuSS', v. t. Literally, to shake asunder (hence 
the medical sense to scatter) ; to separate into 
parts, and hence, to examine by disputation ; to 
reason out. In the phrases to discuss a fowl or 
a bottle of wine, we have another mode of separ- 
ating. — Syn. To debate. — To discuss a subject is 
to pull it to pieces ; to debate a point is to battle 
it out. [subject by argument. 

DIS-CcS'SIOX (-kush'un), n. The treating of a 

DIS-CuSS'iVE, a. Serving for discussion. 

DIS-€u'TIEXT (-kii'shent), a. Discussing; dis- 
persing, [haughty contempt. 

DIS-DaIX', n. Scorn of what is mean or low; 

DIS-DaIX', v. t. To consider unworthy of notice ; 
to regard with lofty contempt. — Syn. To scorn; 
despise ; contemn, which see. [temptuous. 

DIS-DaIX'FUL, a. Scornful; haughty; con- 

DIS-DaIX'TEL-LY, ad. With haughty contempt. 

DIS-EASE' (diz-eez'), n. Any deviation from 
health of body ; a disordered state of the mind. 
In society, a corrupt state of morals ; vices are 
moral diseases. — Syn. Disorder; distemper; mal- 
ady. — Disease is the leading medical term. Dis- 
order means the same, though perhaps with 
some slight reference to an irregularity of the 
system. Distemper (lit., bad temperament) is 
now used by physicians only of the diseases of 
animals. Malady ((#., a bad condition) is not a 
medical term, and is less used than formerly in 
literature. 

DIS-eASE' (diz-eezO, v. t. To affect with sickness ; 
to impair health ; to disorder; to derange. 

DI$-EA$i?D' (diz-eezdO, a. Affected with dis- 
ease; sick; infected; corrupt. 

DIS-EM-BaRK', v. t. To put on shore; to land; 
v. i. to quit a ship. 

DIS-EaT-BaR-Ka'TIOX,? n. A landing or going 

DIS-EM-BaRK'MEXT, j ashore. 

DIS-EM-BaR'RASS, v. t. To free from perplexity ; 
to extricate. [ing from perplexity. 

DIS-EM-BaR'RASS-MEXT, n. The act of reliev- 

DIS-EM-BaY', v. t. To clear from a bay. 

DIS-EM-BeL'LISH, v. t. To free from embellish- 
ment, [to render sweet or pleasant. 

DIS-EM-BiT'TER, v. t. To take away bitterness ; 

DIS-EM-BoO'I-ED (-bod'id), a. Having no body ; 
without a body. [from flesh. 

DIS-EM-BoD'Y. v. t. To divest of body; to free 

DIS-EM-BoGUE' (-bog'), v. t. To pour out at the 
mouth, as a river; to discharge into an ocean or 
a lake ; v. i. to flow out at the mouth, as a river ; 
to pass out of a gulf or bay. 

DIS-EM-BOGUE'MEXT, In. Discharge 

DIS-EM-BOU-cHuEE' (-bo-shur'),{ of waters 
into an ocean or lake, as a river. 

DIS-EM-BOW'EL, v. t. To take out the bowels. 

D1S-EM-BROIL', v. t. To free from perplexity. 

DIS-EX-a'BLE, v. t. To deprive of ability; to 
weaken. [or spells. 

DIS-EX-CHAXT'. v. t. To free from enchantment 

DlS-EX-C'HAXT'MEXT, n. The act of freeing 
from spells or charms. [pediments. 

DIS-EX-€uM'BEB. v. t. To free from clogs or im- 

DIS-EX-CuaTBRAXCE, n. Deliverance from a 
load, or any thing burdensome or troublesome. 

DIS-EX-GagE', v. t. To separate or set free from 



some previous connection or engagement, as the 
mind from business, the affections from the 
world, a lady from one to whom she had prom- 
ised marriage. So gas is disengaged by heat. — 
Syn. To detach ; release; extricate: disentan- 
gle ; liberate ; withdraw. 

DIS-EX-GagE', v. i. To set one's self free from; 
to withdraw from. [free from attention. 

DIS-EX-GAGi'D', a. At leisure; unoccupied; 

DIS-EX-GagE'MEXT, n. Release ; a setting free ; 
act of detaching or separating. 

DIS-EX-Xu'BLE, v. t. To deprive of title. 

DIS-EX-RoLL', v. t. To erase from a roll or list. 

DIS-EX-TAX G 'GLE (-tang'gl), v. t. To loose ; to 
free from perplexity ; to set clear. [difficulty. 

DI3-EX-TaX g 'GLE-MEXT. a. Act of freeing from 

DI3-EX-THRALL'. See Disintheall. 

DIS-EX-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone ; to depose. 

DIS-EX-ToMB' (-toom'), V. t. To remove from the 
grave. [to rouse from a revery. 

DIS-EX-TRAXCE', v. t. To awaken from a trance ; 

DIS-ES-POUSE', v. t. To divorce ; to separate. 

DIS-ES-TEEM', n. Want of esteem ; disregard. 

DIS-ES-TEEM', v. t. To disapprove ; to dislike ; 
to slight; 

DIS-Fa'VOR, n. Dislike; disesteem; unfavorable 
regard. [hold support from. 

DIS-Fa'VOR, v. t. To discountenance; to with- 

DIS-FIG-u-Ra'TIOX, n. Act of disfiguring ; state 
of being impaired or marred in form. 

DIS-FIG'uRE (f ig'yur). v. t. To deform ; to maim ; 
to mar; to injure beauty. 

DIS-FiG'uR.E'D (-fig'yurd), o. Defaced; de- 
formed ;_impaired in form or appearance. 

DIS-FiG'uRE-MEXT (-f ig'yur-), n. Defacement; 
deformity. 

DIS-FRaX'CHi$E (-fran'chiz), v. t. To deprive of 
citizenship or of chartered rights and immunities. 

DIS-FRaX'CIIiSE-aIEXT, n. The act of taking 
away privileges. 

DIS-FuR'XISH, v. t. To deprive of furniture. 

DIS-GaR'XISH, v. t. To strip of furniture or or- 
naments; to take from a garrison its guns. 

DIS-GoRgE', v.t. To vomit; to pour forth; to 
give up. [yielding up. 

DIS-GoRGE'MEXT, n. Act of disgorging; a 

DIS-GRaCE', n. Want of favor ; state of igno- 
miny ; cause of shame. — Syn. Dishonor ; oppro- 
brium i_ shame. 

DIS-GRaCE', v. t. To bring reproach on ; to bring 
to shame. — Syn. To degrade ; dishonor ; debase. 

DIS-GRaCED' (-graste'), pp. or a. Dishonored ; 
degraded. 

DIS-GRaCE'FUL, a. Shameful; dishonorable; 
base ; causing shame ; sinking reputation. 

DIS-GRaCE'FUL-LY, ad. Shamefully; basely. 

DIS-GRa'CIOUS, a. Unpleasing ; uncivil. 

DIS-GUISE', n. A dress to conceal ; false appear- 
ance ; change of manner by drink. 

DIS-GL'iSE', v. t. To conceal by an unusual hab- 
it or mask ; to hide a false appearance ; to dis- 
semble ; to disfigure or deform by liquor ; to in- 
toxicate, [it ; intoxicated. 

DIS-GUI$2?D', a. Concealed by an assumed hab- 

DIS-GUiS'ED-LY, ad. So as to be concealed. 

DIS-GUiSE'MEXT, n. False appearance. 

DIS-GEiS'ER, n. One who puts on a false ap- 
pearance. 

DIS-GuST', n. Distaste of food or drink ; an un- 
pleasant feeling from something offensive in the 
manner or conduct of others. — Syn. Aversion; 
disrelish ; dislike. See Aversion. 

DIS-GuST', v. t. To give a disrelish ; to offend. 

DIS-GuST'FUL, a. Exciting aversion; nauseous; 
odious. 

DIS-GCSTlXG. a. Causing dislike ; hateful. 

DIS-GuST'IXG-LY, ad. So as to give distate or 
cause aversion. 

DISH, n. A vessel to hold food; meat or provis- 
ions in a dish ; hence, any particular kind of food. 



dove, wolf, book: ; eule, eull ; yi"cioes. — o as k ; <i as j ; s as z ; cu as sn ; this. + Sot English. 



BIS 



124 



DIS 



DiSH, v. t. To serve up for the table; to render 
helpless. lLow.~\ 

DIS-HA-BILLE' (dis-a-bil'), n. An undress; a 
loose, negligent dress for the morning. See Des- 
habille, the correct orthography. 

DlSH'-€JL5TH,V n. A cloth for washing and 

DiSH'-€LOUT,j wiping dishes. 

DIS-HEaRT'.&'N (dis-har'tn), v. t. To deprive of 
courage ; to cast down the spirits. 

DIS-HEaRT'A'N-ING (-hiirt'ning), a. Adapted or 
tending to discourage. [in disorder. 

Di-SHeV'EL, v. t. To spread the hair loosely or 

Di-SHeV'EL2?D, a. Thrown into disorder ; flow- 
ing loosely. 

DiSH'ING, a. Concave; hollow; like a dish. 

DIS-HoN'EST (diz-on'est), a. Destitute of good 
faith ; knavish ; fraudulent ; disgraced ; dis- 
graceful ; unchaste. [lewdly. 

DIS-HoN'EST-LY, ad. Knavishly; with fraud; 

DIS-HoN'EST-Y (diz-on'es-ty), n. Want of integ- 
rity ; faithlessness ; violation of trust ; unchas- 
tity; deceit; treachery; knavery. [shame. 

DIS-HON'OR (diz-on'ur), n. Reproach; disgrace; 

DIS-HON'OR (diz-on'ur), v. t. To bring reproach 
on ; to refuse acceptance or payment on a draft ; 
to treat with indignity. — Syn. To disgrace; 
shame; debase; degrade. 

DIS-HoN'OR-A-BLE (diz-on'ur-), a. Reproach- 
- ful ; disgraceful ; base. [ly ; vilely ; meanly. 

DIS-HolSTOR-A-BLY (diz-on'ur-), ad. Shameful- 

DI$-H6N'OR-A-RY (diz-on'ur-), a. Tending to 
disgrace. 

DIS-Hu'MOR, n. Ill humor; peevishness. 

DIS-IN-€LI-Na'TION, n. Want of inclination; 
unwillingness ; aversion. 

DIS-IN-€LINE', v. t. To excite dislike for; to 
disaffect ; to alienate from. [been inclosed. 

DIS-TN-€LoSE' (-kloze'), v. t. To open what has 

DIS-IN-Fe€I", v. t. To cleanse from infection. 

DIS-IN-Fe€T'ANT, n. An agent for removing 
the causes of infection, as chlorine. 

DIS-IN-FeG'TION (-fuk'shun), n. A cleansing 
from infection. 

DIS-IN-geN'u-OUS, a. Wanting in frankness 
and honesty; meanly artful. — Syn. Unfair; il- 
liberal; deceitful; dishonest; artful. 

DIS-IN-GEN'u-OUS-LY,ad. Not openly; with se- 
cret management ; meanly. 

DIS-IN-geN'u-OUS-NESS, n. Want of fairness; 
want of candor. 

DIS-IN-HeR'IT, v. t. To cut off from heirship; 
to deprive of a right to inherit. 

DIS-iN'TE-GRA-BLE, a. That may be separated 
into integral parts. [parts. 

DIS-iN'TE-GRaTE, v. t. To separate integral 

DIS-IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of separating 
integrant parts or the particles of a substance. 

DIS-IN-TeR', v. t. To take out of a grave ; to un- 
cover or bring out to view. 

DIS-iN'TER-EST-ED, a. Not moved by selfish in- 
terest ; impartial ; free from bias. 

DIS-iN'TER-EST-ED-LY, ad. Impartially ; with- 
out regard to self-interest. 

DIS-iN'TER-EST-ED-NESS, n. Freedom from 
separate personal interest or bias ; impartiality. 

DIS-IN-TER'MENT, n. A taking out of a grave ; 
an unburying. 

DIS-IN-THRALL' (-thrawl'), v. t. To rescue from 
bondage ; to free from oppression. 

DIS-IN-THRALL'MENT, n. Emancipation from 
slavery. 

DIS-JOIN', \ v. t. To disunite ; to put out of 

DIS-JOINT',j joint; to separate at junctures ; 
to break up natural relations ; to break in pieces ; 
v. i. to fall in pieces. 

DIS-JOIN^D', \a. Unconnected; out of joint; 

DIS-JOINT'ED,/ inconsistent. 

DIS-JOIN'ED-LY, ad. In a divided state. 

DIS-JuN€T', a. Separate ; distinct, [disjoining. 

DIS-JuN€'TION (-junk'shun), n. A parting; a 



DlS-JuN€T'iVE, a. Separating; disjoining; unit- 
ing parts of a discourse in construction, but dis- 
joining the sense. \_nor. 

DIS-JuNGT'iVE, n. A word that disjoins, as or, 

DiSK, n. A quoit ; face of the sun, moon, &c. 

DIS-LiKE', n. A hostile or alienated state of feel- 
ing. — Syn. Disapprobation; displeasure; distaste; 
aversion. 

DIS-LIKE', v. t. To hate; to disapprove. 

DiS'LO-€aTE, v. t. To displace; to put out of 
joint; to move a bone from its socket. 

dis'lo-IIted! a - 0ut of joint ; dis P laced - 

DiS'LO-Ca-TED, pp. or a. Removed from its 
proper place. 

DIS-LO-€a'TION, a. A displacing, as of a joint. 

DIS-LoDgE', v. t. To drive from a place of 
rest or a station ; to remove an army ; v. i. to go 
from a place of rest. 

DIS-LOY'AL, a. Not true to allegiance; false to 
a sovereign ; wanting fidelity in love or wedlock. 
— Syn. Faithless; treacherous; perfidious. 

DIS-LOY'AL-TY, n. Want of fidelity to a sover- 
eign; want of fidelity in love or to marriage 

VOAYS. 

DlS'MAL (diz'mal), a. Productive of horror or 
distress; doleful. — Syn. Dreary; direful; calam- 
itous; gloomy. 

DIS-MIN'TLE (-man'tl), V. t. To strip of dress or 
furniture; to deprive of equipments, defenses, or 
outworks, as a fortress, a town ; to break down. 

DIS-MaSK', v. t. To strip off a mask. 

DIS-MAST', v. t. To break down or take away a 
mast or masts. 

DIS-MaY', v.t. To fill with distressing fear; to 
deprive of courage and hope. — Syn. Daunt; ap- 
pall. — Diswiay (lit, loss of strength) denotes a 
continuous state of gloomy apprehension ; to 
daunt (lit. , overpower) supposes something more 
sudden and startling; to appall (lit., strike pale) 
is the strongest term, implying a sense of terror 
which overwhelms the faculties. 

DIS-MaY', n. Loss of courage and hope. — Syn. 
Fright; fear; terror. 

DIS-MeM'BER, v. t. To cut off a member from ; 
to sever. — Syn. To mutilate; disjoin. 

DIS-MeM'BER-MENT, n. The separation of a 
limb; a partition ; division; mutilation. 

DIS-MiSS', v. t. To send away; to put out of em- 
ployment, &c, or office. See Discaud. 

DIS-MiSS'AL, n. The act of sending aAvay; dis- 
mission. 

DIS-MiS'SION (-mish'un), n. A sending away ; re- 
moval ; discharge ; an act requiring departure. 

DIS-MISS'iVE, a. Giving leave to go ; removing. 

DIS-MOUNT', v. i. To alight from a horse, &c. ; 
v. t. to remove or throw from a carriage, horse, &c. 

DIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. Neglect or refusal to obey; 
violation of prohibition ; breach of duty. 

DIS-0-BE'DI-ENT,a. Neglecting commands ; re- 
fusing to comply. [spirit. 

DIS-O-BE'DI-ENT-LY, ad. With a disobedient 

DIS-O-BEY' (-o-ba'), v. t. To neglect or refuse to 
do what is commanded; to do what is forbidden; 
to transgress. 

DIS-OB-LI-Ga'TION, n. Act of disobliging; of- 
fense ; cause of disgust. [tion. 

DIS-oB'LI-GA-TO-RY, a. Freeing from obliga- 

DIS-O-BLigE' v. t. To offend by unkindness or 
incivility. 

DIS-O-BLIg'ING, a. Not disposed to gratify or 
please; unkind. [kindly. 

DIS-O-BLig'ING-LY, ad. So as to displease ; un- 

DIS-oRB^D'^orbd'), a. Thrown out of its orbit. 

DIS-6R'DER, n. Want of order; disturbance of 
the public peace ; disturbance of the animal func- 
tions by disease ; discomposure of mind. — Syn. 
Irregularity; confusion; bustle; tumult; mala- 
dy; distemper. See Disease. 

DIS-oR'DER, v. t. To throw into confusion; to 



1, S, &c, lo7ig.—l, e, &c, short— cake, far, last, fall, what; tiieke, term; marine, bird; move, 



DIS 



125 



DIS 



make sick; to disturb in mind. — Syn. To de- 
range ; confuse ; discompose ; ruffle. 

DIS-OR'DERi'D (-or'derd), a. Disorderly; irreg- 
ular; loose. 

DIS-oR'DER-LY, a. Confused ; irregular ; not re- 
strained; lawless; vicious; ad. confusedly; irreg- 
ularly; without law. 

DIS-OE-GAN-1-Za'TION, n. Act of disorganiz- 
ing ; state of being subverted. 

DIS-oR'GAX-lZE, v. t. To derange; break up or 
destroy an organized body. 

DIS-oR'GAN-iZSD (-or'gan-Izd), a. Broken up; 
dissolved; reduced to disorder; without system. 

DIS-oR'GAN-lZ-ER, n. One who breaks or de- 
stroys order, &c. 

DIS-oWN', v. t. To deny; to renounce. 

DIS-PaR'AgE, v. t. To decry unduly ; to injure 
by depreciating comparisons. [The word origin- 
ally meant to pair or match a woman below her 
rank. This will show clearly its present force.] 
— Syn. To undervalue ; underrate ; detract from. 
See Decey. 

DIS-PaR'AgE-MENT, n. Unjust depreciation ; 
undervaluing from improper motives. — Syn. De- 
traction; derogation; decrying. 

DIS-PaR'Ag-ER, n. One who decries unjustly. 

DIS-PAR'AG-ING,a. Undervaluing; depreciative. 

DIS-PaR'I-TY, n. Inequality ; difference, [ate. 

DIS-PaRT', v. t. or i. To part asunder; to separ- 

DIS-PaS'SION (-pash'un), n. Freedom from pas- 
sion, [impartial. 

DIS-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Cool ; calm ; composed ; 

DIS-PaS'SION-ATE-LY, ad. With coolness of 
temper ; without passion ; calmly. 

DI3-PATCH', v. t. To send away, as letters, mes- 
sengers, &c. ; to execute rapidly ; to put to death. 
— Syn. To expedite ; hasten ; perform. 

DIS-PaTCH', n. Speedy performance; due dili- 
gence ; promptitude ; a letter of moment to be 
sent with expedition. [speedy action. 

DIS-PATCH'FUL, a. Indicating haste ; intent on 

DIS-PAU'PER,*'y. t. To deprive of claim as a 
pauper to public support. 

DIS-PEL', v. t. To drive away ; to disperse. 

DIS-PeND', v. t. To lay out ; to expend. 

DIS-PEN'SA-BLE, a. That may be dispensed with. 

DIS-PEN'SA-RY, n. A place for giving out medi- 
cines or furnishing medical advice. 

DIS-PEN-Sa'TION, n. Distribution ; the dealing 
of God with his creatures ; system of principles 
and rules, &c. ; the granting of a license ; that 
which is bestowed. 

DIS-PEN'SA-TiVE, a. Granting dispensation. 

DIS-PeN'SA-TO-RY, a. Having power to grant 
dispensation; n. a book of directions for com- 
pounding medicines. 

DIS-PeNSE', v. t. To divide out in portions ; to 
administer ; to excuse from ; to give up any thing 
convenient or agreeable. 

DIS-PeNS'ER, n. One who distributes, or one 
who _allows a thing not to be done. 

DIS-PeO'PLE (-pe'pl), v. t. To depopulate ; to de- 
prive of inhabitants. 

Di-SPeRM'OUS, a. Containing but two seeds. 

DIS-PERSE' (13), v. t. To scatter ; to spread about ; 
to drive asunder. 

DIS-PeR'SION, n. Act of scattering, or state of 
being separated into remote parts, especially the 
scattering or separation of the human family at 
the building of Babel; the separation of different 
colored rays of light in refraction ; the removal 
of inflammation and restoration to a natural state. 

DIS-PeRS'iVE, a. Tending to scatter or dissipate. 

DIS-PlR'IT, v. t. To deprive of hope and cour- 
age ; to dishearten. — Syn. To discourage ; de- 
press ;_ cast down; intimidate; daunt. 

DIS-PLaCE', v. t. To put out of place; to remove 
from office. — Syn. To disarrange; derange; dis- 
miss ; discard. [the usual place. 

DIS-PLaCE'MEXT, n. The act of removing from 



DIS-PLa'CEN-CY, n. That which displeases ; in- 
civility. 

DIS-PLaNT',j>. t. To remove from a fixed place. 

DIS-PLANT-a'TION, n. The removal of a plant; 
the removal of inhabitants or resident people. 

DIS-PLaY', v. t. Literally, to unfold or spread 
out; hence, to set forth to view; to show clearly 
or strikingly. — Syn. To exhibit; manifest. 

DIS-PLAY', n. A setting forth to view; exhibi- 
tion ; jshow ; ostentation. 

DIS-PLeASE', v. t. To give offense to ; to make 
angry.— Syn. To offend; disgust; vex; chafe. 

DIS-PLeAS'ING, a. Offensive ; disagreeable. 

DJS-PLeAS'URE (dis-plezh'ur), n. Slight anger 
or irritation. — Syn. Disapprobation ; dislike. 

DIS-PLoDE', v. t. or i. To explode ; to burst with 
violence. [loud noise. 

DIS-PLo'SION (-plo'zhun), n. A bursting with 

DIS-PLo'SiVE, a. Noting displosion. 

DIS-PL.OME', v. t. To strip of plumes. 

DIS-PoRT', n. Play; sport; pastime. [ton. 

DIS-PoRT', v. i. or t. To sport; to play; to wan- 

DIS-PoRT'MENT, n. Act of disporting ; play. 

DIS-PoS'A-BLE (-poz'a-bl), a. That may be dis- 
posed of; not before engaged or employed; free 
to use. 

DIS-Po$'AL, n. The act of disposing ; regulation ; 
power of ordering ; power or right of bestowing. 
— Syn. Management ; arrangement; dispensation. 

DIS-PoSE' (-poze'), v. t. To place; to prepare; to 
incline ; to sell ; to regulate ; to form for any pur- 
posej^ with of, to give away ; to use ; to put away. 

DIS-Po$'ER, n. One who arranges or disposes; 
a director ; a bestower. 

DIS-PO-$i"TION (-zish'un), n. Act of disposing ; 
mode of settling or arranging; habitual frame of 
mind. — Syn. Inclination; tendency. — A man's 
disjiosition is the prevailing spirit or governing 
purpose of his mind; his inclinations (lit, lean- 
ings) are excited states of desire or appetency ; 
tendency (lit., straining) is a strong determination 
or proclivity toward some particular mode of ac- 
tion. A man's inclinations are variable ; his nat- 
ural tendencies are apt ultimately to prevail ; but 
a dis2)osition formed and sustained on the side of 
virtue will give him the control of both. 

DIS-POS-SeSS', v. t. To put out of possession. 

DIS-POS-SeS'SION (-sesh'un), n. Act of depriv- 
ing of jpossession. 

DIS-PRaISE' (-praze'), n. Imputation of some- 
thing wrong or improper ; censure ; blame ; re- 
proach ; dishonor. [demn. 

DIS-PRaISE', v. t. To blame ; to censure ; to con- 

DIS-PROOF', n. Refutation ; a proving to be false. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION, n. Want of proportion or 
symmetry ; inequality. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION, v. t. To make unsuitable. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, ) a. Unequal ; un- 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-AL. V suitable; want- 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE, ) ing symmetry; 
inadequate. 

DIS-PRoV'A-BLE, a. That may be refuted. 

DIS-PRoVE' (-proovO, v. t. To prove to be false. 
— Syn. To refute ; confute. 

DIS-PuN'ISH-A-BLE, a. Free from penal restraint. 

DiS'PU-TA-BLE, a. That may be called in ques- 
tion. 

DiS'PU-TANT, n. One who argues in opposition 
to another; a controvertist ; a. engaged in con- 
troversy, [versy in words ; debate. 

DIS-PU-Ta'TION, n. Act of disputing; contro- 

DIS-PU-Ta'TIOUS (-ta'shus;, a. Given to dispute. 

DIS-PuTE', v. t. To attempt to disprove by argu- 
ment or statements; to strive or contend for; to 
call in question ; to strive to maintain ; v. i. to 
debate; to contend; reason or argue against. — 
S\-n. To controvert ; contest; argue; debate. 

DIS-PuTE', n. Contest in words; controversy. — 
Syn. Debate; altercation; disagreement; quarrel. 

DIS-PuT'ER, n. One who controverts or debates. 



dove, wolf, nooii ; eule, nyLL ; yi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. * Sot English. 



DIS 



126 



DIS 



DIS-QUAL-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of disqual- 
ifying ;' the want of qualification. [to disable. 

DIS-QUAL'I-Fy (-kwql'e-fy), v. t. To make unfit ; 

DIS-QUl'ET, v. t. To make uneasy. 

DIS-QUl'ET, n. Want of tranquillity ; uneasiness ; 
restlessness. — Syn. To disturb; vex; fret. 

DIS-QUI'ET-ING-, a. Tending to disturb the mind. 

DIS-QUl'E-TuDE, n. Eestlessness ; anxiety; un- 
easiness. 

DIS-QUI-$i"TION (dis-kwe-zlsh'un), n. A formal 
or systematic inquiry by arguments, or discussion 
of facts or circumstances. [notice. 

DIS-RE-GXRD', n. Slight; neglect; omission of 

DIS-RE-GXRD', v. t. To slight as unworthy of no- 
tice. — Syn. To neglect; overlook; despise. 

DIS-RE-GaRD'FUL, a. Negligent; heedless. 

DIS-ReL'ISH, n." Distaste; aversion. 

DIS-ReL'ISH, v. t. To dislike the taste of; to 
feel a disgust of. [condition. 

DIS-RE-PAIR' (4), n. A state of not being in good 

DIS-ReP'u-TA-BLE, a. Disgraceful; unbecom- 
ing ; mean. _ [disrepute ; dishonor ; disgrace. 

DIS-REP-u-Ta'TION, n. Want of reputation; 

DIS-RE-PuTE', n. Want of reputation or esteem. 
— Syn. Discredit; disesteem; disgrace. 

DIS-RE-SPe€T', n. Want of respect or rever- 
ence; incivility; rudeness. [ent. 

DIS-RE-SPe€T*'FUL, a. Uncivil; rude; irrever- 

DIS-RE-SPe€T'FUL-LY, ad. With incivility. 

DIS-RoBE', v. t. To undress ; to uncover ; to strip. 

DIS-ROOT', v. t. To extirpate; to root up. 

DIS-RuPT', \ a. Rent asunder; severed by 

DIS-RuPT'ED,j breaking. 

DIS-RuP'TION (-rup'shun), n. A breaking asun- 
der ; a rent ; act of* bursting and separating. 

DIS-RuPT'uR? (-rupt'yur), v. t. To rend; to tear 
asunder. 

DIS-SAT-IS-F ACTION, n. Discontent; dislike. 

DIS-SAT-IS-FaC'TO-RY, a. Not giving content. 

DIS-SaT'IS-Fy, v. t. To displease; to make un- 
easy or discontented. 

DIS-SeCT', v. t. To cut apart; to divide an ani- 
mal body ; to cut in pieces or lay open an animal 
or vegetable to discover the structure and use of 
the several parts, or to ascertain the cause of 
death, &c. ; to separate into constituent parts. 

DIS-SeCT'I-BLE, a. That may be dissected. 

DIS-Se€'TION (-sek'shun), n. The act of dissect- 
ing a body, or separating into parts or elements. 

DIS-Se€T'OR, n. One who dissects; an anat- 
omis_t. [Ty. 

DIS-SeIZE' (-seez'), v. t. To dispossess wrongful- 

DIS-SeIZ-EE', n. One wrongfully deprived of 
possession. [ing. 

DIS-SeIZ'IN (-se'zin), n. An unlawful dispossess- 

DIS-SeIZ'OR (-se'zur), n. One who ejects from 
rightful possession. 

DIS-SeM'BLANCE, n. Want of resemblance. 

DIS-SeM'BLE, v. t. To conceal real motives or 
facts by some false pretense ; to hide under a false 
appearance; v. i. to conceal facts, motives, &c, 
by some false pretense. 

DIS-SeM'BLER, n. One who hides his real char- 
acter, intentions, &c, under some false pretense. 
— Syn. Hypocrite. — A dissembler conceals what 
he is; a hypocrite feigns to be what he is not. 
When Andre passed within the American lines in 
a citizen's dress, he was a dissembler; Arnold, 
whom he went to visit, had long been a hypocrite. 

DIS-SeM'I-NaTE, v. t. Literally, to sow; to scat- 
ter for groAYth and propagation, as opinions, &c. ; 
to spread abroad. — Syn. To diffuse; propagate. 

DIS-SEM-I-Na'TION, n. Act of scattering and 
propagating^ as seed ; act of spreading. 

DIS-SeM'I-Na-TOR, n. One who propagates or 
spreads abroad. 

DIS-SEN'SION (-sen 'shun), n. Contention; disa- 
greement ; breach of union or friendship. 

DIS-SeN'SIOUS (-sen'shus), a. Contentious; quar- 
relsome. 



DIS-SfiNT', v. i. To disagree ; to differ in opinion. 

DIS-SeNT', n. Disagreement from an opinion or 
measure ; separation from a church. 

DIS-SeNT'ER, n. One who dissents ; one who sep- 
arates from the service of any established church, 
as the Church of England. 

DIS-SeN'TIENT (-sen'shent), a. Dissenting; not 
agreeing ; n. one declaring his dissent. 

DIS-SER-Ta'TION, n. A discourse ; an essay. 

DIS-SeRVE' (13), v. t. To injure; to do harm to. 

DIS-SeRV'iCE, n. Injury done; harm; mischief. 

DIS-SeRV'ICE-A-BLE, a. Injurious; hurtful. 

DIS-SeV'ER, v. t. To part in two.— Syn. To di- 
vide ; to sunder. 

DIS-SeV'ER-ANCE, n. The act of separating. 

DIS'SI-DENT (dis'se-dent), a. Not agreeing; va- 
rying; dissenting. [asunder. 

DIS-SlL'I-ENCE, n. The act of leaping or starting 

DIS-SiM'I-LAR, a. Unlike; different. 

DIS-SIM-I-LaR'I-TY,? n. Unlikeness ; want of 

DIS-SIM-iL'I-TuDE, f resemblance. 

DIS-SIM-u-La'TION, n. The act of dissembling; 
a hiding under false appearances ; hypocrisy. 

DiS'SI-PA-BLE, a. That may be dissipated. 

DiS'SI-PaTE, v. t. To drive asunder ; to scatter. 
— Syn. _To disperse ; waste ; squander. 

DiS'SI-Pa-TED, a. Loose in manners ; devoted 
to pleasure ; vicious. 

DIS-SI-Pa'TION, n. Waste of property or sub- 
stance; loss or waste; diversion of the mind; 
loose or licentious course of life. 

DIS-So'CIA-BLE (-so'sha-bl), a. Not well asso- 
ciated or assorted ; ill matched. 

DIS-Su'CIAL (-so'shal), a. Contracted; selfish. 

DIS-So'CIaTE, v. t. To separate; to disunite. 

DIS-SO-CI-a'TION (-she-a'shun), n. Act of dis- 
uniting ; disunion. 

DiS'SO-LU-BLE, a. That may be dissolved. 

DiS'SO-LuTE, a. Loose ^jn morals; devoted to 
pleasure. — Syn. Wild; wanton; debauched; vi- 
cious; disorderly; luxurious. 

DIS'SO-LuTE-LY, ad. As given to vice ; in dis- 
sipation and pleasure ; without restraint. 

DiS'SO-LuTE-NESS, n. Looseness of behavior. 

DIS-SO-Lu'TION, n. The act of liquefying ; a 
melting ; the reduction of a body to its smallest 
parts ; the separation of the parts of a body by 
putrefaction ; the breaking up of an assembly ; 
separation of the soul and body; death; destruc- 
tion, [dissolved. 

DIS-SoLV'A-BLE (diz-zolv'-), a. That may be 

DIS-S5LVE' (diz-zolv'), v. t. To melt; to separ- 
ate ; to break up ; to loose the ties of any thing ; 
to disunite ; v. i. to be melted ; to melt away ; to 
waste away ; to perish. 

DIS-SoLV'ENT (diz-zolv'ent), a. That has the 
quality of dissolving ; n. that which dissolves or 
is a solvent. 

DIS-SoLV'ER, n. He or that which dissolves. 

DiS'SO-NANCE, n. Discord; disagreement. 

DiS'SO-NANT, a. Discordant; harsh; jarring. 

DIS-SUaDE' (dis-swade'), v. t. To advise or ex- 
hort against. — Syn. Discourage ; deter ; dispirit. 

DIS-SUaD'ER, n. One that attempts to divert 
from an act or a measure, &c. 

DIS-SUa'SION (-swa'zhun), n. Act of dissuad- 
ing; advice in opposition to something. 

DIS-SUa'SiVE (-swii'slv), a. Tending to dissuade ; 
n. reason employed to deter. 

DIS-SUa'SiVE-LY, ad. So as to dissuade. 

DIS-SYL-LAB'IC, a. Consisting of two syllables. 

DIS-SYL'LA-BLE, n. A word of two syllables. 

DiS'TAFF, n. A staff for the flax in spinning. 

DIS-TaIN', v. t. To stain ; to blot ; to tarnish ; to 
tinge with another color than the proper one. 

DiS'TANCE, n. Space between bodies; space of 
time; reserve; coldness. 

DiS'TANCE, v. t. To leave behind, as in a race. 

DlS'TANT, a. Literally, standing apart ; hence, 
remote, whether in place, time, connection, &c. ; 



I, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — oake, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maeine, bied; move, 



DIS 



127 



DIV 



reserved. — Syn. Separate; far; faint; indistinct; 
shy; cool; haughty. 

DiS'TANT-LY, ad. Remotely; with reserve. 

DIS-TaSTE', n. Literally, aversion of palate ; 
figuratively, aversion of feeling. — Syn. Disgust; 
disreHsh; disinclination; dislike. [gust. 

DIS-TaSTE', v. t. To disrelish; to loathe; to dis- 

DIS-TaSTE'FUL, a. Nauseous; offensive. 

DIS-TEM'PER,"'n. Morbid state of the body; dis- 
order; sickness; bad temper; in painting, the 
mixing of colors with something besides oil or 
water ; v. t. to disorder ; to affect with disease. 

DIS-TeM'PER-A-TuRE, n. Bad temperature; a 
noxious state ; confusion ; slight illness. [ing. 

DIS-TeM'PEPJ?D, a. Diseased ; ruffled in feel- 

DIS-TeND', v. t. To stretch or spread in all di- 
rections ; to swell out. — Syn. To expand ; dilate ; 
enlarge. [tion. 

DIS-TEN-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of disten- 

DIS-TeN'SI-BLE, a. That may be dilated or ex- 
tended, [tension. 

DIS-TeN'TION (-ten'shun), n. A stretching ; ex- 

DiS'TI€H (dis'tik), n. A couplet of verses. 

DiS'TICH-OUS,} a. Having two rows or dis- 

DiS'TICH, J posed in two rows. 

DIS-TiLL', v. t. To let fall in drops ; to extract 
spirit from ; to extract the pure part of a fluid ; 
v. i. to fall in drops ; to flow gently ; to use a 
still or practice distillation. 

DIS-TiLL' A-BLE, a. That may be distilled. 

DIS-TIL-La'TION, n. Act of distilling or falling 
in drops; the vaporization and condensation of a 
liquid by means of a still. 

DIS-TILL'ER, n. One who distills. 

DIS-TiLL'ER-Y, n. A building for distillation ; 
the art or act of distilling. 

DIS-TINCT', a. Having the difference marked; 
not the same in number or kind ; not confused. 
— Syn. Separate ; different ; clear ; plain. 

DIS-TiNC'TION (-tlnk'shun), n. Difference ; em- 
inence of character ; superiority ; elevation of 
rank, &c. [power to distinguish or discern. 

DIS-TiNCT'iVE. a. Marking distinction; having 

DIS-TiN€T'iVE-LY, ad. With distinction ; clearly. 

DIS-TiNCT'LY,«d Separately; clearly, [cision. 

DIS-TiNCT'NESS, n. Clearness; plainness; pre- 

DIS-TiN G 'GUISH (dis-ting'gwish), v. t. To note 
difference ; to separate ; to discern critically ; to 
Eeparate from others by some mark of honor ; v. 
i. to make a distinction ; to find or show a differ- 
ence. — Syn. To mark; discriminate; discern; sig- 
nalize. 

DIS-TiN G 'GTJISH-A-BLE (-ting'gwish-), a. Capa- 
ble of being distinguished ; worthy of special re- 
gard. 

D1S-TIN G 'GUISH.ET> (-ting'gwisht) a. Literally, 
separated or set apart from others ; made the ob- 
ject of general notoriety. — Syn. Eminent; con- 
spicuous; celebrated; illustrious. — A man is em- 
inent when he stands high as compared with 
those around him; conspicuous when he is so 
elevated as to be generally seen and observed ; 
distinguished when he has something which 
makes him stand apart from others in the pub- 
lic view ; celebrated when he is widely spoken 
of with honor and respect ; illustrious when a 
splendor is thrown around him which confers the 
highest dignity. 

DIS-T6RT', v. t. To twist; to writhe ; to pervert. 

DIS-ToR'TION, n. The act of wresting ; perver- 
sion. 

DIS-TRACT', v. t. To draw different ways; to 
turn or draw from an object; to perplex; to de- 
stroy the reason. 

DIS-TRACT'ED, a. Turned forcibly aside; dis- 
ordered in intellect. — Syn. Perplexed; confused; 
disturbed; harassed; deranged; mad; frantic. 

DIS-TRACT'ED-LY, ad. Wildly; confusedly. 
DIS-TRAC'TION, n. Confusion from a multiplic- 
ity of objects; confusion of affairs; state of dis- 



ordered reason. — Syn. Perplexity ; disorder ; dis- 
sension; derangement; madness. 

DIS-TRACT'iVE, a. Tending to confuse. 

DIS-TRaIN', v. t. To seize goods for debt; v. i. 
to make seizure of goods. 

DIS-TRaINT', n. A seizure for debt. 

DIS-TReSS', n. Extreme suffering ; state of great 
exposure. In lav:, the act of distraining. — Syn. 
Pain ; agony; misery; calamity; misfortune; ad- 
versity ; affliction, which see. 

DIS-TReSS', v. t. To afflict greatly; to make 
miserable. — Syn. To grieve; harass; pain. 

DIS-TReSS'FI t L, a. Giving pain or anguish. 

DIS-TReSS'ING, a. Very painful or afflictive ; 
harassing. [ted. 

DIS-TRiB'u-TA-BLE, a. That may be distribu- 

DIS-TRiB'uTE,v. t. To divide among a number; 
to deal out; to separate and replace, as types. — 
Syn. To apportion ; assign ; allot. 

DIS-TRI-Bu'TION, n. The act of dividing among 
a number; act of giving charity ; dispensation; 
act of separating into distinct parts or classes. 

DIS-TRIB'u-TIVE, a. That divides and assigns; 
that deals out. 

DiS'TRICT, n. A territory or space within given 
lines. — Syn. Division; quarter; tract; region. 

DiS'TRICT, v. t. To divide into districts. 

DIS-TRuST', v. t. To suspect ; not to confide in. 

DIS-TRuST', n. Suspicion ; want of confidence. 

DIS-TRuST'FUL, a. Wanting confidence ; suspi- 
cious; doubting. 

DIS-TuRB', v. t. Literally, to stir greatly; to agi- 
tate or trouble ; to turn aside ; to interrupt. — Syn. 
To disquiet; discompose ; molest ; hinder; ruffle. 

DIS-TuRB'ANCE, n. Tumult ; agitatiou ; confu- 
sion; excitement; perturbation; hinderance. 

DIS-TuRB'ER, n. One who disturbs or disquiets. 

DIS-uN'ION (-yun'yun), n. Want of union ; sep- 
aration ; breach ~of concord. 

DIS-uN'ION-IST, n. An advocate of disunion. 

DIS-u-NlTE', v. t. To separate; to divide; v. i. 
to fall asunder; to part. 

DIS-u'NI-TY, n. State of separation. 

DIS-u'SAg-E, n. Cessation of use; neglect of prac- 
tice, exercise, or use. 

DIS-uSE', v. t. To cease to use or practice ; to 
disaccustom. 

DIS-uSE', n. Neglect of use or practice. 

DIS-VaL'uE (-val'yu), v. t. To undervalue ; to 
disesteem. 

DITCH, n. A trench in the earth ; a moat. 

DITCH, v. t. or i. To make a ditch in ; to trench. 

DiTCH'ER, n. One who digs trenches. 

Dl'THE-ISM, n. The doctrine of those who main- 
tain the existence of two Gods. 

DiTH'Y-RAMB, \ n. A song imitating drunk- 

DlTH-Y-RAMB'ICf en revelry in honor of Bac- 
chus; a bold, enthusiastic poem. 

DITH-Y-RAMB'IC, a. Wild; enthusiastic. 

Di'ToNE, n. In music, an interval of two tones. 

DiT'TA-NY, n. An aromatic plant. 

DIT'TIJS'D (dit'tid), a. Sung; fitted to music. 

DlT'TO, contracted into do. in books of accounts, 
is the Italian detto, from the Latin dictus, said. 
It denotes said, aforesaid. 

DiT_'TY, n. A sonnet; a short musical poem. 

Di-u-Re'SIS, n. Excessive flow of urine. v 

Di-U-ReT'IC. a. Provoking discharge of urine. 

Dl-uR'NAL, a. Daily; performed in a day. 

Di-u-TuR'NAL, a. Being of long continuance. 

Di-VaN', n. In Turkey, a hall, court, or council 
of state; a hall of meeting; a council; a smok- 
ing-room [Smart] ; a kind of sofa. 

DI-YaR'I-CaTE, v. i. To part into two ; to fork; 
v. t. to divide into two branches. 

DTYE, v. i. To plunge under water; to go deep. 

DlY'ER, n. One who dives; a water-fowl. 

Di-YeRgE' (13), v. i. Literally, to verge off; to 
turn aside ; to tend various ways from one point. 
— Syn. To branch off; radiate; wander; scatter. 



dove, wolf, book; kulb, bull; vi"cious. — e as k; o as j; s as z; cii as sn ; mis. + Not English. 



DIV 



128 



DOE 



Di-YeR'gENCE, n. Departure from a point. 

Di-VeR'gENT, a. Going further asunder; radia- 
ting. 

Di-VeRg'ING, a. Going continually further apart. 

Di'VeRS (di'verz), a. Several; sundry; many. 

Dl'VERSE, a. Literally, turned aside; hence, va- 
ried. — Syn. Different; unlike; multiform. 

Di-VeR-SI-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of making 
various; variety of forms ; alteration. 

Di-VeR'SI-FORM, a. Of different forms. 

Di-VeR'SI-Fy, v. t. To make various or differ- 
ent; to give diversity to ; to enlarge by a change 
of form, new ideas, &c. ; to variegate. 

Di-VeR'SION (13), n. A turning aside ; that which 
turns aside or diverts; hence, an amusement. In 
war, a feint intended to draw away the enemy's 
troops from the real point of attack. — Syn. Pas- 
time; entertainment; recreation; sport. 

Di-VeR'SI-TY, n. A state of being diverse or 
multiform. — Syn. Difference ; unlikeness ; variety. 

Di-VERSE'LY, ad. Differently; variously. 

Di-VeRT' (13), v. t. Literally, to turn aside ; to 
turn the mind from care or business; hence, to 
amuse ; to draw off, as the forces of an enemy. — 
Syn. To please ; gratify ; entertain ; amuse, which 
see. [diverts. 

Di-VeRT'ER, n. He or that which turns aside or 

Di-VeRT'ING, a. Serving to amuse ; pleasing. 

Di-VeRT'iSE-MENT, n. Diversion; recreation. 

Di-VeRT'IVE, a. Tending to divert. 

Di-VeST', v. t. Literally, to strip of clothes; 
hence, to strip of any thing possessed or enjoyed. 
— Syn. To dispossess ; deprive of. 

Dl-VfiST'uRE (de-vest'yur), n. The act of strip- 
ping or depriving. 

Di-ViDE', v. t. To part or separate a whole ; to 
keep apart, as by a line or partition; to give out 
in portions. — Syn. To sever; sunder; cleave; 
deal out ; distribute ; share. 

DlV'I-DEND, n. A portion allotted in dividing ; 
thenumber divided. 

Di-YiD'ER, n. He or that which divides. 

Di-YlD'ERS, n. pi. Mathematical compasses. 

DIV-I-Na'TION, n. Prediction ; a foretelling. 

Di-VINE', a. Pertaining to God. — Syn. Godlike; 
heavenly; extraordinary; superhuman. 

Di-VINE', n. A minister of the Gospel; a man 
skilled in theology. 

Di-VlNE', v. t. To foretell ; to foreknow ; v. i. to 
practice divination ; to utter presages, &c. Qy. 

Dl-VINE'LY, ad. In a godlike manner ; excellent- 

Di-ViN'ER, n. One who predicts ; a soothsayer. 

DiV'ING-BeLL, n. An apparatus in which to go 
down into the water. 

Di-ViN'I-TY, n. Divine nature; Deity; science 
of divine things ; theology. [ing divided. 

Di-VIS-I-BiL'I-TY, n. Quality or capacity of be- 

Di-VIS'I-BLE (de-viz'e-bl), a. That may be di- 
vided. 

Dl-ViS'ION (-vizh'un), n. A separation into 
parts ; the parts thus separated ; that which sep- 
arates ; a partition ; disunion ; part of an army 
commanded by a general. — Syn. Compartment ; 
section; difference; variance; discord. 

Di-ViS'ION-AL (-vizh'un-al), a. Dividing; not- 
ing division. 

DI-Yl'SIVE, a. Creating division or discord. 

Di-Vi'SOR, n. The number that divides. 

Di-VoRCE", ) n. Dissolution of the mar- 

Di-VoRCE'MENT,/ riage contract; separation; 
disunion. [disunite. 

Di-VoRCE', v. t. To separate married persons ; to 

Di-VoRCE'A-BLE, a. That can be divorced. 

Di-VoR'CER, n. One who divorces. 

Di-VoR'CiVE, a. Having power to divorce. 

Di-VuLgE', v. t. To make public what was before 
secret. 

Di-VuL'gER, a. He that reveals. 

Di-YuL'SION, n. The act of plucking off or rend- 
ing apart. 



Di-VuI/SiYE, a. That rends or plucks off or asun- 
der. 

DiZ'j&N (diz'zn), v. t. To dress gayly; to set off. 

DiZ'ZI-NESS, n. Giddiness; .whirling in the head. 

DIZ'ZY, a. Giddy; having a whirl of the head; 
causing giddiness, as a dizzy height. 

Do, the first musical syllable in solfeggio, or the Ital- 
ian mode of reading music. 

Do (doo), v. i. ' To act or behave in any manner; 
to be fit ; to fare well or ill. 

Do, v. t. tpret. Dm, pp. Done (dun).] To act; to 
perform; to exert power; to deal with; to suc- 
ceed; to answer the purpose ; to achieve. 

DOO-I-BiL'I-TY, \ n. Teachableness; docility; 

Do'CI-BLE-NESS,j readiness to learn. 

DO'CI-BLE (dos'e-bl or do'se-bl), a. Teachable; 
easily taught. [learn. 

Do'CILE (dos'il or do'sil), a. Teachable ; ready to 

DO-CiL'I-TY, n. Willingness to be taught. 

DOC-1-MaS'TIC (dos-e-mas'tik), a. Assaying ; 
proving by assays. 

DoCK, n. A place for ships; a plant; the stand- 
ing-place of a criminal in court; the tail of a beast 
cut short, or the stump. A dry dock has gates to 
admit or exclude the tide. Wet docks have none, 
but ships may be repaired in them when the tide 
is out. [curtail. 

DoCK, v. t. To cut short; to place in a dock; to 

DoCK'AgE, n. Pay for using a dock. 

DoCK'ET, n. A direction tied to goods; a list of 
cases or parties in court. 

DoCK'ET, v. t. To mark ; to set in a list ; to make 
an abstract or a summary of the heads of writings ; 
to mark the contents on the backs of files of pa- 
pers, &c. 

DoCK'ING, n. The act of drawing a ship into a 
dock ; a cutting off the tail of an animal. 

DoCK'-YXRD, n. A yard for naval stores. 

DoC'TOR, n. A title in divinity, law, &c. ; a 
teacher ; a physician. [tice physic. 

DoC'TOR, v. t. To administer medicine ; to prac- 

DoG'TOR-AL, a. Pertaining to a doctor's i 

DoC'TOR-ATE, n. The degree of a doctor. 

DoC'TOR-aTE, v. t. To create a doctor. 

D6C : TOR S |SS>- Afemale doctor - 

DOCTOR' S-€6M'MON$, n. The college of civil- 
ians in London ; the place where wills are proved 
and administrators appointed. 

DoC'TOR-SHIP, n. The degree or rank of doc- 
tor; the highest academical degree. 

DoC'TRI-NAL, a. Consisting in doctrine. 

DoC'TRI-NAL, n. A doctrine or principle. 

D6CTRI-NAL-LY, ad. By way of doctrine. 

DoC'TRINE, n. Something taught or recommend- 
ed to the belief of others ; a principle. — Syn. Pre- 
cept. — A doctrine is something to be believed, a 
precept something to be obeyed. 

DoC'u-MENT, n. Written instruction; official 
paper or publication ; evidence ; proof. ' 

DoC'u-MENT, v. t. To furnish with written proof 
or instructions. 

DOC-u-MeNT'AL, ? a. Pertaining to docu- 

DOC-u-MENT'A-RY,i* ments; relating to offi- 
cial papers or publications; consisting in written 
instructions. 

DoD'DER, n. A creeping, parasitical, leafless 
plant, with thread-shaped stems. 

DO-DeC'A-GON, \n. A figure having twelve 

DO-DEC-A-He'DRON, J angles and twelve equal 
sides. [equal sides. 

DO-DEC-A-HE'DRAL, a. Consisting of twelve 

DoDgE, v. t. To start aside ; to evade by a sud- 
den start ; v. i. to escape by starting aside ; to 
quibble. 

DoDgE, n. A starting aside; an evasion. 

D5E (do), n. The female of the fallow deer. 

Do'ER (doo'er), n. One who performs. 

DoE'-SKiN, n. The skin of a female deer ; a close- 
twilled thick cloth for pantaloons. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, pall, what ; theee, tekm; maeine, bird; move, 



DOF 



129 



DOS 



DOFF, v. t. To put off, as dress ; to strip. 

DOG, n. An animal well known ; a lump of iron ; 
a term of reproach ; an andiron. 

DOG, v . t. To follow continually ; to worry ; to hunt. 

DO'GATE^n. The office of doge. [very cheap. 

DOG'-CHeAP, a. Cheap as dog's meat or offal ; 

DOG'-DaY, n. One of the days when the dog-star 
rises and sets with the sun. [and Genoa. 

Do&E, n. The former chief magistrate of Venice 

DoGr'G-ED (dSg'ged), a. Morose; stubborn; surly. 

D6G'GED-LY, ad. Stubbornly; morosely. 

D6G'GER-EL, 71. Irregular, mean poetry ; a. sor- 
ry ; contemptible ; vile. 

DoG'GISH, a. Like a dog; snappish; churlish. 

D5< r-Kfi&-NEL, n. A hut for dogs. 

DOG'MA, n. ; pi. Dog'jias or Dog'ma-ta. Origin- 
ally, a doctrinal truth ; hence, a doctrine urged 
authoritatively on the faith of others. — Syn. Ten- 
et. — Atenet is an article of faith which is firmly 
held. Dogma has now a somewhat odious sense, 
from its carrying with it the idea of authority or 
undue assumption, as* in its derivative dogmatism. 

DOG-MaT'I€, > a. Pertaining to a dogma ; 

DOG-MaT'I-G-AL,) hence, positive; arrogant. 

DOG-MATTC-AL-LY, ad. Positively; arrogantly. 

DOG-MAT'ICS, n. pi. Doctrinal theology. 

DOG'MA-TISM, n. Magisterial assertion. 

DOG'MA-TIST, \n. A positive teacher ; a con- 

DOG'MA-TIZ-ER,/ fident asserter. 

DOG'MA-TIZE, v. i. To lay down positions mag- 
isterially, [turned down. 

DOG'SS'-EARn. The corner of a leaf of a book 

DOG'-STAR, n. Sirius, a star of the first magni- 
tude. 

DOG'-TRoT, n. A gentle trot like that of a dog. 

DOG'-WATCH (-wotch), n. At sea, a watch of 
two hours, there being two such between 4 and 
8 o'clock P. M. [wine. 

DGT'LY, n. A small napkin used Avith fruit and 

Do'INGS (doo'ingz), n. pi. Actions; performan- 
ces; behavior. 

DOIT, n. A small piece of money ; a trifle. 

•frDOL'CE (dol'cha), \ n. [If] In mu- 

•i-DOL'CE-MEN'TE (cha-men'ta), j sic, a direction 
to sing or play softly and sweetly, [also mourning. 

DOLE, n. A share dealt out; a gift; a pittance; 

DoLE, v. t. To deal out sparingly. 

DOLE'FITL, a. Expressing grief ; causing grief; 
deeply sad. — Syn. Mournful; sorrowful; piteous; 
melancholy; gloomy. 

DoLE'FUL-LY, ad. In a sorrowful manner. 

DOLE'SOME (dole'sum), a. Sorrowful; dismal; 
gloomy. 

D6LL, n. A puppet or baby for a girl to play with. 

DOL'LAR, n. A coin in the United States, value 
100 cents ; in Europe of different, but lesser values. 

DOL'0-MITE, n. A magnesian carbonate of lime. 

DO'LOR, n. LL.] Grief; sorrow; lamentation; 
pain. 

DOL-O-RiF'TG, X a. Causing sorrow or pain ; 

DOL-0-RiF'IC-AL,j showing pain or grief. 

*DOL-0-R5'SO. [/£.] In music, pathetic. 

DOL'O-ROUS, a. Full of grief. — Syn. Doleful ; 
dismal; sorrowful. 

DOL'O-ROUS-LY, ad. With pain; mournfully. 

DOL'PHIN, n. Two kinds of fish bear this name, 
one, of the whale species, about 10 feet long; the 
other about 5, distinguished for its surprising 
changes of color when dying. 

DoLT (19), n. A stupid fellow; a blockhead. 

DOLT'ISII, a. Dull of intellect; stupid; block- 
ish; dull. 

DoLT'JSH-NESS, n. Dullness of intellect. 

DO-MaIN', n. Extent of territory or sway. — Syn. 
Empire ; dominion ; possession ; estate. 

DoME, n. A building ; a cathedral ; a spherical 
or arched roof; a cupola. 

DoMES'DaY-BOOK, n. See Doomsday-Book. 

DO-MeS'TIC, a.' "Belonging to the house or home ; 
remaining much at home ; living near the abodes 



of men ; tame ; made in one's own house or coun- 
try, [the house. 

DO-MeS'TI€, n. A person hired and employed in 

DO-MeS'TI-CaTE, v. t. To tame. 

DO-MES-TI-Ca'TION, n. Act of taming. 

DO-MES-TiC'I-TY (-tis'e-ty), n. State of being 
domestic 

DO-MeS'TICS, n. pi. Cotton goods of home man- 
ufacture. 

D6M1-GIL, \ n. A mansion ; a permanent 

DoM'I-Cil.E (-sil),j dwelling. 

DoM'1-CiLE, \ v. t. To establish a fixed res- 

l)OM-I-CiL'I-ATE,f idence. 

DOM-I-CIL'I-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a private 
residence ; intruding into such a residence. 

DOM-I-CIL-I-A'TION, n. Permanent inhabit- 
ancy, [tonic. 

DoM'I-NANT, n. In music, the fifth from the 

D6M'I-NANT, a. Having the rule or ascendency. 
— Syn. Ruling; governing; prevailing; predom- 
inant. 

DOM'I-NaTE, v. t. To rule over ; to prevail. 

DOM-I-Na'TION, n. Ruling power; arbitrary 
authority ; tyranny. 

DOM'I-NE, n. [L.] A schoolmaster ; a title given 
by the Dutch to a preacher. 

DOM-I-NEER', v. t To rule with insolence. 

DO-M!N'I-€AL, a. Denoting the Lord's day. 

DO-MIN'I-CANS, n. pi. An order of monks. 

DO-MIN'ION (-min'yun), n. Supreme authority; 
territory governed ; right of governing. — Syn. 
Sovereignty ; control ; rule ; authority ; govern- 
ment ; region. [dress ; a kind of game. 

DoM'I-NO, n. ; pi. Dom'i-nos. A kind of hood ; 

DoN, n. Spanish title of a gentleman. 

DoN, v. t. To invest Avith ; to put on. 

Do'XA-BLE, a. That may be gi\'en. 

DO-Na'TION, n. That Avhich is given or be- 
stOAved. — Syn. Gift; present. — Gift is generic; a 
present is a gift intended as a compliment or ex- 
pression of kindness; a donation is a Avord of 
more dignity, denoting a gift to some public ob- 
ject, and usually large in amount. 

D6N'A-TiVE,?i. A gift ; a largess. [&c. 

DO-NEE', n. One to Avhom a gift is made of land, 

DoN'JON (dun'jun), n. The keep of an ancient 
castle ; a place of refuge in case of necessity. 

DoN'KEY, n. ; pi. Don'keys. An ass or mule for 
the saddle. 

Do'NOR, ii. One who gives or bestoAvs. 

DOOM, v. t. To sentence ; to condemn; to fix the 
fate of. 

DOOM, n. Sentence given ; judgment ; fate ; ruin. 

DOOM'S'DaY (doomz'da), n. The day of judg- 
ment. 

DOOM'S'DaY-BOOK,? n. A register of all the 

DoMES'D aY-BOOK, \ lands of England, made 
by William the Conqueror AA'ith a vieAV to their 
being adjudged (doomed) for taxation. 

DoOR, n. An opening to pass into or out of a 
building or room, or the frame that closes it; 
avenue ; access. [door. 

DoOP/-KEEP-ER, n. One who attends at the 

DO-Ra'DO, n. A Southern constellation ; a SAvord- 
fish, or large fish like a dolphin. 

DoR'IC, a. An order of architecture. 

D6R'I-CI$M, n. A phrase in the Doric dialect. 

DoR'MAN-CY, n. Quiescence ; sleep. 

DoR'MANT, a. Sleeping; priA-ate; neglected. 
Dormant partner, one who takes no share in the 
active business of a company or partnership, but 
shares in the profit or loss. 

DoR'MER, Xn. A window in the roof 

DoR-MER-WiN'DoW, j of a house. 

DoR'MI-TiVE, n. A medicine to promote sleep. 

D6R'MI-TO-RY, n. A placeto sleep in. 

DoR'MOUSE, 11. ; pi. Dos'mice. An animal al- 
lied to the mouse, Avhich sleeps most of the Avin- 

DoR'SAL, a. Pertaining to the back. [ter. 

DOSE, n. As much medicine as is taken at once. 



dove, avolf, book; rule, bull; vicious. 



k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. * Aot English. 



DOS 



130 



DRA 



DoSE, v. t. To form into doses ; to give in doses ; 
to give any thing nauseous. 

DoS'SER, n. A basket borne on the back. 

DoS'SIL, n. A pledget of lint used in surgery. 

DoT, n. A point used in writing and printing ; a 

DoT, v. t. To mark with dots. [speck. 

Do'TAgE, n. Feebleness of mind in old age. 

Do'TAL, a. Pertaining to dower or marriage por- 
tion ; constituting or comprised in dower, [age. 

Do'TARD, n. One whose mind is impaired by 

DO-Ta'TION, n. Endowment; act of endoAving. 

DoTE, v. i. To be or become silly ; to dote on, to 
love to excess. 

DoT'ER, n. One who is foolishly fond. 

DoT'ING-LY, ad. With silly fondness. 

DoT'TER-EL, n, A silly bird of the plover kind, 
caught while it watches and imitates the fowler's 
actions. 

DoU'aY Bi'BLE (doo'a-) [from Douay, in France], 
n. An English translation of the Bible author- 
ized by the Roman Catholic Church. 

DoUB'LE. (dub'bl), a. Two-fold ; twice as much ; 
having the same repeated or added once ; deceit- 
ful ; acting two parts. 

DoUB'LE (dub'bl), v. t. To make hro-fold; to 
pass round ; to increase by an equal sum or value ; 
to contain twice as much ; to add one to another ; 
v. i. to increase to twice the sum ; to turn back or 
wind in running, as a hare. 

DoUB'LE (dub'bl), n. Twice the quantity or num- 
ber ; that which exactly corresponds to something 
else. 

DoUB'LE, ad. To twice the quantity or degree. 

DoUB'LE-BaSE, n. The lowest toned violincello. 

DOUB'LE-DeAL-ER, n. One who acts two parts ; 
a deceitful, Jrickish person. [ity. 

DoUB'LE-DeAL-ING, n. The practice of duplic- 

DoUB'LE-eN'TRY, n. Book-keeping by entries 
in two books and forms. 

DoUB'LE-FaCED (dub'bl-faste), a. Hypocrit- 
ical ; having or showing two faces. 

DoUB'LE-MlND-ED, a. Having different minds 
at different times ; wavering ; unsettled. 

DoUB'LE-NESS (dub'bl-ness), n. State of being 
doubled; duplicity. 

DoUB'LER, n. He or that which doubles ; an in- 
strument for increasing a small quantity of elec- 
tricity, [under garment ; a counterfeit stone. 

DoUB'LET, n. A thing doubled ; a pair; a man's 

DoUB'LE-T6NGUi?D (dub'bl-tungd), a. Speak- 
ing diiferently at different times ; deceitful. 

DoUB'LETS (dub'blets), n. pi. A game on dice ; 
the same number of both dice. [fice. 

DoUB'LING (dub'bling), n. A fold; plait; arti- 

DoUB-LOON' (dub-loon'), n. A Spanish gold coin 
worth about sixteen dollars. [twice. 

DoUB'LY (dilb'bly), ad. With twice the quantity ; 

DOUBT (dout), v. i. To hesitate ; to suspect ; to 
fear; v. t. to question; to distrust. 

DOUBT, n. Uncertainty of mind ; difficulty as to 
belief. — Svn. Hesitation. — Doubt belongs to the 
understanding, and hesitation to the will. While 
there are serious doubts in the mind, there must 
be a painful hesitation as to the course to be pur- 
sued. 

DOUBT' A-BLE (dout'-), a. That may be doubted. 

DOUBT'ER (dout'-), n. One whose opinion is un- 



DOUBT'FUL (dout'-), a. Uncertain; not determ- 
ined; not' confident. 

DOUBT'FUL-LY (dout'-), ad. With doubt ; am- 
biguously. 

DOUBT'FUL-NESS (dout'-), n. Uncertainty; du- 
biousness ; uncertainty of event or issue. 

DOUBT'LESS, lad. Beyond doubt; unques- 

DOUBT'LESS-LY,i tionably. [bribe. 

*DoU-CEuR' (doo-siirO, n. [Fr.] A present ; gift ; 

DoUcHE (doosh), n. [Fr.~\ A jet or current of wa- 
ter thrown on some diseased part of the body. 

DoUGH (do), n. Unbaked paste, as of bread. 



DoUGH'FaCE, n. One who is flexible and easily 
molded. [sweetened and boiled in lard. 

DoUGH'NUT, n. A small, roundish cake of flour, 

DOUGH'TI-NESS (dow'-), n. Bravery; valor. 

DOUGH'TY (dow'ty), a. Brave; illustrious. 

DoUGH'Y (do'y), a. Soft or plastic, like dough 
or paste ; pale. 

DOUSE (dowse), v. t. To plunge into water ; to low- 
er in haste ; v. i. to fall suddenly into the water. 

DOVE (diiv), n. A domestic pigeon. 

DoVE'-C6T, Xsa-'t, to. A house or shelter 

DOVE'-HOUSE, j (Qllv " ; ' ~\ for domestic pigeons. 

DoVE'LlKE, a. Gentle; harmless; innocent. 

Do'VER'S-POW-DER, n. A sedative and sudo- 
rific composed of ipecacuanha, opium, and sul- 
phate of potash. 

DoVE'TaIL (diiv'-), n. A joint in form of a dove's 
tail spread ; v. t. to unite with a dovetail joint. 

DOW'A-BLE (dou'a-bl), a. That may be endowed. 

DOW'A-gER, n. A widow with a jointure ; a title 
of widows of rank. 

DOW'DY, n. An awkward ; ill-dressed woman. 

DOWDY, a. Awkward ; ill-dressed ; slovenly. 

DOW'DY-ISH, a. Like a dowdy. 

DOWEL, v. t. To fasten two boards together by 
pins inserted into the edges. 

DOWEL, n. A pin of wood or iron used to join 
the edges of boards, &c. 

DOWER, n. The portion of a manned woman or 
a widow. 

DOWER-LESS, a, Being without a dower. 

DOWN, prep. Along a descent ; from a higher to 
a lower place ; ad. in a descending direction ; on 
the ground ; below the horizon ; into disrepute or 
disgrace. Used, also, in various ways, as doivn, 
i. e., throw, pull, cast, bring down any one, &c. 

DOWN, a. Downcast; dejected. 

DOWN, n. An open plain; bank of sand; soft 
plumage of fowls, particularly of the duck ; fine 
hairy substance of seeds or plants, &c. 

DOWN'CaST, a. Bent or cast down; dejected. 

DOWN'FALL, n. A fall ; ruin ; overthrow. 

DOWN'-HAUL, n. A rope passing up a stay and 
fastened to the cay-sail to pull it down. 

DOWN'HILL, n. Declivity ; slope of a hill ; a. de- 
scending; sloping. [len; gloomy. 

DOWN'LOOK-ING, a. Downcast; dejected; sul- 

DOWN'RIGHT, a. Open; undisguised; to the 
point; ad. plainly; frankly. 

DOWNS, n. pi. Ridges of hilly poor land. The 
Downs, a well-known road for shipping near Deal, 
on the British Channel. [resting. 

DOWN'SiT-TING, n. A sitting down ; repose ; a 

DOWN'TROD, \a. Trampled on; 

DOWN'TROD-D^N (-trod'dn), f trodden down. 

DOWN' WARD, a. Descending ; tending to a low- 
er place ; ad, from a higher to a lower place. 

DOWN'Y,.a. Covered with, made of or like down ; 
soft. 

DOWRY, n. See Dower, the more proper word. 

DOX-O-Log'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to doxology. 

DOX-oL'O-gY, n. A hymn or form of giving 
praise to God. 

DoX'Y, n. A loose woman. 

DoZE, v. i. To slumber; to drowse; to be stupid; 
v. t. to pass or spend in drowsiness. 

DoZE, n. Imperfect sleep; slumber. 

DoZ'i?N (duz'zn), n. Twelve things, usually of 
the like kind ; a. twelve in number. 

Do'ZI-NESS, n. Drowsiness; disposition to sleep. 

DoZ'ING, n. A slumbering ; sluggishness. 

Do'ZY, a. Sleepy ; heavy ; dull. 

DRaB, n. A low, sluttish woman; a harlot. 

DRAB, a. Being of a dun color. 

DRaB'BLE, v. t. To draggle ; to muddy ; to draw 
in mud and water; v. i. to fish for barbels. 

DRaCHM (dram), \ n. A Grecian silver coin 

DRaCH'MA (drak'ma),] worth about IS cents; 
a Grecian weight of about 2 dwt. 1 grains troy. 

DRAFF, n. Dregs ; lees ; refuse ; wash for swine. 



a, b, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



DRA 



131 



DEE 



DRaFTY, a. Dreggy : waste ; worthless. 

DRAFT (6), n. A bill drawn for money ; a drink : 
a sketch ; a detaching of soldiers from an army. 

DRAFT, v.t To draw; to select; to detach. 

DRAFTS, ft, pi. A game played on a checkered 
board ; checkers. 

DRAG, v. t. To pull ; to break or harrow land : to 
draw along slowly; to pull or haul roughly; v. i. 
to trail on the ground ; to fish with a dragnet ; to 
proceed slowly ; to hang or grate on the floor. 

DRAG-, ft. A hook ; a net ; a narrow ; a hand-cart. 

DRAG'GLE, v. t. To draw on the ground; to wet 
or dirty by trailing ; v. i. to he drawn on the 
ground ; to" become wet or dirty by trailing in the 
mud, &c. 

DRAG'MAX, «. A fisherman who uses a dragnet. 

DRAG'XET, n. A net to he drawn on the bottom. 

DRAG'0-MAXV ft. ; pi. Dbag'o-maxs. An inter- 

DROG'O-MAX.f preter in the East. 

DRAG'OX, n. A winged serpent ; devil ; constel- 
lation, [body and narrow wings ; lihellula. 

DRAG'OX-FLT. /i. An insect with along, slender 

DRAG'OX-ISH, a. Furious; fierv. 

DRAG'OX-LiKE. a. Like a dragon; furious. 

DRAG'OX' S-BLoOD (drag'onz-biud), n. A red 
resinous substance ; the indurated drops of the 
Pterocarpus draco, and the fruit of the Calamus 
draco. &c. [on foot if necessary. 

DRA-GOOX', ft. A cavalry soldier trained to fight 

DRA-GOOX', v.t. To persecute or enslave "by 
soldiers; to_harass; to force to submit. 

DRAG-OOX-aDE', ft. The abandoning of a place 
to the rage of soldiers. 

DRA-GOOXTXG. n. Extreme compulsion. 

DRaIX, ft. A channel for carrying off water; a 
sewer. 

DRaIX t , v. t. To filter; to empty; to exhaust; to 
flow off; i\ ?'. to flow off slowly; to he emptied. 

DRaIX'A-BLE, a. That can he drained. 

DEaIX'AgE. n. A drawing or flowing off; sys- 
tem of drains. 

DRaIX'IXG, ft. The process or act of making 
drains on lands. 

DRAKE, ft. A male duck ; a cannon. 

DRAM, n. A glass of ardent spirits ; in medicine, 
the eighth of an ounce ; in avoirdupois iccight, 
the sixteenth of an ounce ; a small quantity. 

DRAM. v. i. To drink often of liquor. 

DRa'MA or DRa'MA, ft. A composition to be act- 
ed representing various phases of human life ; a 
tragedy or comedy, &c. ; the action of a play. 

DRA-MaT'I€, ( a. Represented by action ; 

DRA-MAT'IC-AL.j theatricals. 

DRA-MAT'I€-AL-LY, ad. By representation. 

DRAM'A-TIST, n. An author of a dramatic piece. 

DRAM'A-TiZE. v. t. To compose in or give to a 
composition the form of a play. 

DRaPE. v. t. To cover with cloth or drapery. 

DRa'PER, n. One who deals in cloths. 

DRa'PER-Y, ft. Cloth-work ; the dress of a pic- 
ture or statue ; hangings ; curtains ; tapestry. 

DRAS'TIC a. Powerful ; efficacious. 

DRAUGHT (draft), ft. Act of drawing ; that which 
is drank at once ; delineation ; a sketch. 

DRAUGHT'-HoRSE. ft. A horse used for drawine. 

DRAUGHTS (drafts), ft. pi. A game resembling 
chess ; a mustard plaster for raising blisters. 

DRAUGHT S'MAX, ft. One who draws writings or 
designs. 

DRAW, v. t Ipret. Deev,-; pp. Dv.xvrs.1 To pull 
along, up, or out ; to suck or inhale ; to attract ; 
to describe ; to sketch ; to derive, receive, or gain ; 
to sink into water, as a ship, &c. ; r. i. to pull ; 
to practice drawine. 

DRAWA-BLE, a. That mav be drawn. 

DRAWBACK; n. Duty refunded on exported 
goods ; any loss of advantage. 

DRAW-BRiDgE, n. A bridge to be raised, let 
down, or drawn aside, [payer. 

DRAW-EE', ft. One on whom a bill is drawn ; the 



DRAWER, ft. One who draws a bill ; one who 
draws water or other liquor; a sliding box. 

DRAWERS, n. pi. A garment worn under trow- 
sers. [a delineation ; sketch. 

DRAWIXG, ft. The act of pulling or attracting; 

DRA.WIXG-MAS-TER, n. One who teaches the 
art of drawine. 

DRAWING-ROOM, n. A room for company. 

DRAWL, v. t. To lengthen words in speaking. 

DRAWN, a. Equal; moved aside; in a melted 
state. [partv can claim the victory. 

DRAWN-BATTLE, ft. A fight in which neither 

DRAW-PLATE, ft. A steel' plate with conical 
holes of various diameters, through which wire is 
drawn to be made finer. 

DRaY (dra), t ft, A low cart or carriage on 

DRAY'€XRT,J wheels. 

DRaY'-HoRSE, ft. A horse used in a dray. 

DRaY'MAX. ft. A man that drives a dray. 

DRAZ jETL (draz'zl), n. A low, dirty woman. 

DReAD (dred), n. Great fear ; cause of fear. 

DREAD (drSd), v. t. To fear in a great degree ; 
v. i. to be greatly alarmed. 

DReAD (drcd), a. Awful; inspiring dread ; terri- 
ble. 

DReAD'FUL (drSd'-), a. Inspiring dread; im- 
pressing with great fear. — Sv>-. Terrible ; shock- 
ing. — Terrible is stronger and more vivid than 
dreadful; shocking (lit., shaking or agitating) 
strikes with all its force on the moral feelings. 
A dreadful accident; a terrible catastrophe; a 
shocking exhibition of wickedness, [fully. 

DEeAD'FUL-LY (divd'-), ad. Terriblv; fright- 

DReAD'FUL-XESS (drSd'-), ft. Awfulness; fear- 
fulness ; terribleness. [id. 

DReAD'LESS (divd'-) a. Fearless; bold: intrep- 

DREAD'XAUGHT (dred'nawt), ft. A thick cloth 
with long pile to keep out cold ; a garment of 
such cloth. [groundless suspicion. 

DReAM, ft. Thoughts in sleep; vain fancy; 

DReAM, v. i. Ipret. and 2W- Deeaaced, Deeamt.] 
To think in sleep ; to fancy ; to think idly ; v. t. 
to_see in a dream. 

DReAM'ER. ft. One who dreams; a visionary; a 
schemer; sluggard. 

DReAM'FUL, a. Full of dreams ; wont to dream. 

DReAM'LESS, a. Free from dreams. - 

DREAM'Y, a. Full of dreams ; visionary. 

DREAR, 1 a. Dismal ; gloomy with solitude ; 

DREAP/Y.f mournful. 

DREART-IiY, ad. Gloomily; dismally. 

DReAP/I-XESS, ft. Gloominess ; dismal solitude. 

DReDgE. 7i. An oyster net ; oats and barley. 

DReDgE, i\ t. To sprinkle flour, as on meat ; to 
catch or gather with a dredge; to remove mud 
for deepening rivers, &c. 

DReDg'ER, ft. One who fishes with a dredee, 

DReDgTXG-BoX. ft. A box for sprinkling flour. 

DReDg'IXG-MA-cHiXE', ft. An engine for tak- 
ing up mud and gravel from the bottom of rivers, 
&c. 

DReG'GI-XESS, ft. Foulness with dregs; fecu- 
lence. 

DReG'GY, ft. Containing dregs ; fouL [matter. 

DREGS, ft. pi. Sediment of liquors ; lees; refuse 

DReXT'H. v. t. To wet thoroughly; to soak; to 
purge violently ; n, a dose for a beast : swiU. 

DRESS, ft. Covering or ornament of the body; 
a suit of clothes ; a lady's gown; splendid clothes; 
attire ; skill in adjusting clothes or wearing them. 

DReSS. v. L [pret and pp. Deessed or Deest.] 
To clothe ; to deck ; to cook ; to trim : to cover a 
wound; to make straight; to adjust; to put in 
order; to prepare, as food; v. i. to arrange in a 
line : to use care in putting on or wearing clothes. 

DReSS'ER, ft. One who dresses ; a kitchen table. 

DRESS'IXG, ft. Act of decking; act of clothing ; 
a trimming ; a covering with manure ; applica- 
tion to a wound ; a whipping. 

DReSS'IXG-ROOM, n. An apartment to dress in. 



dove, wolf, book ; BULE, BULL ; vf'cious. — G as k ; g as a ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + Xot English. 



DRE 



132 



DRU 



DReSS'-MaK'ER, ft. A maker of gowns, &c. ; a 
mantua-niaker. 

DRESS'Y, a. Dressing much ; showy in dress. 

DREuL (drill e), v. i. To let saliva now from the 
mouth. See Deool. [to slaver; to drivel. 

DRIB'BLE, v. i. To drop slowly or in small drops ; 

DRIB'BLET, n. A small part or piece; a small 
sum. ISee Dryer. 

DRl'ER, ft. That which has the quality of drying. 

DRIFT, ft. In geology, a term applied to the loose 
rocks and other materials drifted by water and 
deposited on the earth's surface beneath ; also 
called diluvium. 

DRIFT, n. Design; scope; aim; a passage be- 
tween shafts in a mine ; pile of snow or sand. 

DRIFT, V. t. To drive into heaps; to urge; v. i. 
to float ; to accumulate in heaps by the force of 
wind. [water. 

DRIFT -WOOD, ft. Wood drifted or floated by 

DRILL, ft. 'A pointed tool for boring ; a small fur- 
row. 

DRILL, v. t. To bore, as iron ; to exercise much ; 
v. i. to sow in furrows ; to flow gently. 

DRILL'-B6X, ft. A box for seed in sowing drills. 

DRILL'-HaR-RoW, ft. A small harrow used in 
drill husbandry. [machine in furrows. 

DRILL'-HOS'BAND-RY, ft. Sowing land by a 

DRILL'ING, n. A linen or cotton cloth used for 
trowsers ; the act of boxing ; sowing in rows. 

DRILL'-PLOW, \ ft. A plow for making the 

DRILL'-PLOUGH, j holes or furrows, or for sow- 
ing and covering the seed at once. 

DRINK, ft. A liquor to be swallowed. 

DRINK, v. t. Ipret. Drank, pp. Drank, Drunk.] 
To swallow ; to absorb ; to inhale ; v. i. to swal- 
low liquor ; to take spirituous liquors to excess. 

DRiNK'A-BLE, a. That is fit to be drank. 

DRINK'ER, w. One who drinks ; a drunkard. 

DRINK'ING, ft. Act of swallowing liquors. 

DRiNK'ING-IIoRN, n. A cup made of horn used 
anciently at feasts. [drops. 

DRIP, v. i. To fall in drops; v. t. to let fall in 

DRIP, n. That which falls in drops; the eaves of 
a house ; a cornice from which water drops. 

DRIFTING-, ft. The fat that drops from meat 
while roasting, [meat. 

DRIP'PING-PAN, ft. A pan for the fat of roast 

DRIP'-STdNE, ft. A slab of stone above the door 
or window to protect it from rain. 

DRIVE, n. An excursion in a carriage for exercise 
or pleasure. See Rrx>E. 

DRIVE, v. t. [pret. Drove (formerly Drave) ; pp. 
Driven.] To impel or urge forward by physical 
force, or by motives addressed to the will; to 
chase ; to guide ; v. i. to be forced along ; to urge 
to a point ; to rush ; to dh"ect horses. 

DRIV'jBL (driv'vl), v. i. To slaver ; to drop ; to 
be silly. 

DRIVEL, ft. Slaver; spittle; a fool. 

DRIV'jE L-ER (driv'vl-er), n. A simpleton ; a fool ; 
a slaverer. 

DRIVER, ft. One who drives ; one who directs a 
carriage ; in machinery, a wheel that communi- 
cates power. 

DRIZ'ZLE (driz'zl), v. i. To shed in small drops 
or particles; v. t. to rain in small drops. 

DRIZ'ZLE, n. A rain in very fine drops. 

DRIZ'ZLY (driz'zly), a. Raining in small drops ; 
misty. [ilege ; a. straight ; right. 

+DROIT (drwa), ft. [Fr.] Right; title; fee; priv- 

DRoLL, n. One whose practice is to raise mirth 
by odd tricks. 

DRoLL, a. Causing laughter by something queer 
or odd. — Syn. Laughable; comical. — Laughable 
is generic, denoting any thing calculated to ex- 
cite laughter; comical denotes something humor- 
ous of the kind exhibited in comedies; droll 
stands lower on the scale, being derived from the 
French drole, a buffoon or antic, who awakened 
laughter by queer tricks, &c. 



DRoLL'ER-Y, ft. The use of odd gestures, ex- 
pressions, &c, to create laughter; a laughable 
show. — Syn. Archness; buffoonery; mummery. 

DRoLL'ISH, a. Somewhat droll. 

DROM'E-DA-RY (drum'-), ft. A camel with one 
bunch. [to live in idleness. 

DRoNE, n. The male bee ; a sluggard ; hum ; v. i. 

DRoN'ISH, a. Sluggish; heavy; dull. 

DROOL, v. t. To drivel or drop saliva as a babe. 
See Dreul. 

DROOP, v. i. Literally, to drop ; to sink down, as 
from weakness ; to grow weak ; to pine from grief. 
— Syn. To bend. ; flag ; languish. [as if faint. 

DROOP'ING-LY, ad. With languor or weakness, 

DR6P, ft. A small portion of a fluid falling at 
once, or a globule about to fall ; an ear-ring ; part 
of a gallows that is let fall. 

DRoP, v. t. To let fall in small particles; to let 
go ; to dismiss ; to leave ; to utter slightly ; to 
sprinkle with drops ; v. i. to distill or fall in small 
particles ; to fall ; to sink out of notice ; to die ; 
to be deep in extent. 

DRoP'LET, ft. A little drop. 

DRoP'PINGS, ft. pi. That which falls in drops. 

DROPS, ft. pi. A dose of medicine measured by 
drops. [stage in a theater. 

DRoP'SCENE, n. The curtain in front of the 

DRoP'-SE-ReNE', ft. A disease of the eye ; am- 
aurosis. 

DR6P'SI-€AL, a. Afflicted with dropsy. 

DR5P'SI-€AL-NESS, ft. State of being dropsical. 

DRoP'SI-ED (drop'sid), a. Diseased with a dropsy. 

DRoP'SY, ft. A morbid collection of serum or wa- 
tery matter in some parts of the body. 

DRoS'KY, ft. A Russian four-wheeled carriage, 
without top, in which persons ride on a long, nar- 
row bench, with their feet almost to the ground. 

DRO-SoM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measur- 
ing dew. 

DR6SS, ft. The scum of metals; rust; refuse. 

DRoSS'I-NESS, ft. A drossy state ; foulness. 

DRoSS'Y, a. Full of dross; like dross; impure. 

DROUGHT,") ft. Dryness; want of rain. [.Drouth 

DROUTH, j was once common, and is yet used.] 

DROUGHT'Y (drou'ty), a. Arid; thirsty; want- 
ing rain. 

DRoVE, ft. A number of cattle or other animals 
driven in a body ; a crowd of people moving. 

DRoV'ER, ft. One who drives cattle, &c, to mar- 
ket. 

DROWN, v. i. To be suffocated or perish in wa- 
ter; v. t. to overwhelm with water; to destroy life 
in water. 

DROWSE (drowze), V. i. To sleep unsoiindly; to 
slumber in a dull, sleepy manner; to look or be 
heavy or dull ; v. b. to make heavy with sleep ; to 
produce dullness. [sluggishly. 

DROWST-LY (drow'ze-), ad. Sleepily; heavily; 

DROWS'I-NESS (drow'ze-), ft. Sleepiness; un- 
sound sleep. [lulling. 

DROWS'Y (drow'zy), a. Sleepy; heavy; dull; 

DRuB, ft. A thump ; a blow ; a knock. 

DRuB, v. t. To beat heartily.— Syn. To thrash ; 
pound ; bang ; thump. ♦ 

DRuB'BING, ft. A sound beating; cudgeling. 

DRuD6E, v. i. To labor with much fatigue or in 
mean offices; to toil; to slave. [servant. 

DRuDgE, ft. One who toils hard; a laborious 

DRuDg'ER-Y, ft. Hard work ; toil ; servile occu- 
pation. 

DRuG, ft. Any substance used as medicine; a 
thing slow of sale ; poison, as a deadly drug. 

DRuG, v. t. To administer drugs ; to season with 
drugs ; to dose to excess. [&c. 

DRUGGED (drugd), a. Dosed with medicines, 

DRuG'GET, n. A slight woolen cloth used over 
carpets. 

DRuG' GIST, ft. One who deals in drugs. 

DRu'ID, ft. An ancient Celtic priest. 

DRu'ID-ESS, ft. A female druid. 



. — I, e, fee., short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



DRU 



133 



DUM 



a. Pertaining to the druids. 



DRU-ID'ie, 

DRU-iD'I€-AL 

DRO'ID-ISM, n~ The religion, rites, and ceremo- 
nies of the druids. 

DROM, n. A martial instrument of music ; mem- 
brane or barrel of the ear ; a short cylinder re- 
volving on an axis for turning wheels by straps 
around it ; any thing packed in a drum-like box, 
as a drum of figs ; a drum-shaped box of sheet- 
iron to be heated by a stove; the solid part or 
base of a column. 

DROM, v. i. To beat a drum ; to beat with success- 
ive strokes ; v. t. to expel with beat of drum. 

DROM'-Ma'JOR, n. The chief drummer. 

DROM'MER, n. One who beats a drum. 

DROM'MOND-LIGHT, n. An intense light caused 
by a stream of ignited oxygen and hydrogen gas 
thrown at once on a ball of lime. 

DROM'-STiCK, n. A stick with a knobbed end 
for beating drums. 

DR0NK, a. Overcome ; stupefied or inflamed by 
ardent spirits. 

DRONK'ARD, n. One given to excessive drink- 
ing ; habitually drunk. 

DR0NK'J?N (drunk'kn), a. Intoxicated; addicted 
to drunkenness; proceeding from intoxication, ; 
drenched. 

DRONK'i'N-NESS (drunk'kn-), n. State of being 
overpowered by spirituous liquors. — Syn. Intoxi- 
cation ; inebriation. — Drunkenness refers more to 
the habit of excessive drinking ; intoxication and 
inebriation to specific acts. 

DRU-Pa'CEOUS (-pa'shus), a. Producing drupes. 

DRUPE, n. In botany, a pulpy covering or fruit, 
containing a stone, with a kernel, as a plum. 

DRuSE, n. A small hollow in a rock, studded in- 
side with crystals or filled with water. 

DRY, a. Having no moisture; not juicy; thirsty; 
barren ; sarcastic. 

DRY, v. t. To free from moisture by any means, 
as by draining, wiping, or evaporation ; v. i. to 
grow dry; to lose moisture; to evaporate. 

DRT'AD, n. A nymph or goddess of the woods 
and trees. [which dries. 

DRT'ER, n. That which absorbs moisture ; that 

DRy'GOODS, n. pi. Cloths, silks, &c, in distinc- 
tion from groceries. 

DRy'ING-OIL, n. Linseed or other oil heated 
with oxyd of lead to harden. 

DRY'LY, ad. Coldly ; severely ; sarcastically. 

DRv'NESS,n. Want of moisture ; thirst; drought; 
want of ornament, ardor, or feeling. 

DRy'-NuRSE, n. A nurse who does not suckle. 

DRy'ROT, n. A decay by which timber turns to 
powder, which comes out of tubular cavities re- 
sembling worm-holes. 

DRv'-SALT'ER, n. One who deals in dried or 
salted meats, &c. ; also, one who deals in chem- 
ical salts. 

DRy'-SHoD, a. Having the feet dry. 

Du'AD, n. Union of two. 

Du'AL, a. Expressing the number 2. 

Du'AL-ISM, n. The doctrine of two gods or prin- 
ciples, good and evil. 

Du'AL-IST, n. One who holds to dualism. 

DU-AL-iST'IC, a. Consisting of two. 

DU-aL'I-TY, n. The state of being two. 

DOB, v. t. To strike; to confer a title; v. i. to 
make a quick noise by repeats; n. a blow; one 
of repeated strokes. 

Du'BI-OUS (29), a. Wavering in opinion ; not 
clear or plain; of uncertain issue. — Syn. Doubt- 
ing ; unsettled ; doubtful ; ambiguous ; equivo- 
cal ; uncertain ; precarious. [ty. 

Du'BI-OUS-LY, ad. Doubtfully; with uncertain- 

Du'BI-OUS-NESS, n. Doubtfulness: state of wa- 
vering; indecision. 

DU-BI-Ta'TION, n. The act of doubting ; doubt. 

Du'BI-TA-TiVE, a. Tending to doubt. 

Du'CAL, a. Pertaining to a duke. 



DuCAT, n. A coin of various values, struck in the 
dominions of a duke. 

DUC-A-TOON', n. A silver coin, about 104 cents. 

DuCH'ESS, n. The wife of a duke ; a female sov- 
ereign of a duchy. 

DOCH'Y, n. The territory of a duke. 

DOCK, n. A water-fowl ; a species of canvas. 

DOCK, v. i. To plunge into water and immediate- 
ly withdraw ; v. t. to plunge the head under wa- 
ter. [Holland. 

DOCK'-BiLL, n. The Ornithorynchus of New 

DOCK'ER, n. A plunger ; a diver. [a sousing. 

DOCK'ING, n. Act of plunging under the water ; 

D0CKTNG-STOOL, n. A stool for ducking scolds. 

DOCK'-LeGG.ED (-L'gd), a. Having short, thick 
legs, like a duck. 

DCCK'LING, n. A young duck. 

DCCT, n. A tube ; canal ; passage. 

DOC'TiLE (duc'til), a. Easily led or drawn ; plia- 
ble ; that may be drawn out or extended. 

DOC'TiLE-NESS,? n. The quality of being easi- 

DUC-TIL'I-TY, f ly drawn or extended; plia- 
bleness; ready compliance. 

D0DG'EON(dud'jun),n. Anger; ill will; sullen- 
ness ; a small dagger. 

DuDS, n. pi. Old clothes. 

DuE, ad. Directly ; exactly, as a due east course ; 
a. literally, that is owed ; that ought to be paid or 
done ; hence, appropriate ; becoming ; owing, as 
the mail is due. 

DuE (28), n. That which is owed ; that which law 
or custom requires. — Syn. Debt; claim; right; 
Just title. 

Du'EL, n. A fight between two persons. 

Du'EL, v. t. or i. To attack or fight singly; to 
fight in single combat. 

Du'EL-ING, n. The act or practice of fighting in 
single combat. [single combat. 

Du'EL-IST or Du'EL-ER, n. One who fights in 

DU-EN'NA, n. ; pi. Du-en'na$. An old woman or 
governess. [mental. 

DU-eT', n. A tune in two parts, vocal or instru- 

DOF'FEL, n. A coarse woolen cloth with a nap. 

DOG, n. The pap or nipple of a beast. • 

DuKE, n. In Great Britain, one of the highest or- 
der of nobility ; in other countries, a sovereign 
prince ; a chief. 

DuKE'DoM, n. The estate of a duke. 

DOL'CET, a. Sweet ; melodious ; harmonious. 

DUL-CI-FI-€a'TION t , n. Act of sweetening ; free- 
ing from acidity, &c. 

DOL'CI-Fy, v. t. To sweeten; to free from acids. 

DCL'CI-MER, n. An ancient instrument of music ; 
a modern one with brazen strings, struck with 
sticks. 

DOLL, a. Slow of understanding ; without life or 
animation ; slow in motion, hearing, sensibility, 
&c. ; not bright or clear ; obtuse or blunt ; not 
pleasing. — Syn. Stupid ; sluggish ; inert ; stolid ; 
doltish ; prosy ; dim ; sad. 

DOLL, v. t. To blunt ; to make stupid or sad. 

DOLL'ARD, n. A stupid person ; a dunce. 

DOLL'-HEAD (-hed), n. A dolt; a blockhead. 

DOLL'NESS, n. Stupidity; slowness of compre- 
hension ; drowsiness ; sluggishness ; bluntness ; 
want of brightness or vividness. 

Du'LY, ad. Fitly; properly; justly. 

DOMB (dum), a. Unable to utter words; silent. 
To strike dumb, to astonish, &c. 

DOMB'-BeLLS (diim'belz), n. pi. Weights swung 
in the hands for exercise. 

DOMB'LY (diim'ly), ad. Without using words. 

DOMB'NESS (dimi'ness), n. Inability to speak ; 
muteness. 

DOMB'-SHoW, n. Gesture without words ; pan- 
tomime. 

DOMB-WaIT'ER, n. A frame with shelves for 
conveying food from the kitchen to the dining- 
room : if necessary, hung on pulleys. 

DOM'FOUND, v. t. To strike dumb ; to confuse. 



dove, wolf, book ; rule, bull ; vi"cxous. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as &u ; tkis. * Not English. 



DUM 



134 



DYS 



DO'MoSE ' f a ' Beset with bushes and triers. 

DuMP, v. t. To throw or pitch down. 

DuMP'ISH, a. Dull ; stupid ; moping. 

DuMP'ISH-NESS, n. Dullness ; a state of moping. 

DuMP'LING, n. A paste covering an apple boiled. 

DuMPS, n. pi. A dull state ; heaviness of heart ; 
gloom. 

DuMP'Y, a. Short and thick. 

DuN, a. Of a dun color; gloomy. 

DuN, n. A darkish or dull brown color ; an im- 
portunate creditor ; his demand for payment ; a 
mound. 

DuN, v. t. To urge for a debt ; to cure fish. 

DuNCE. n. A dolt; blockhead; a stupid fellow. 

DuN'DER-PaTE, n. A dull-head; a blockhead. 

DuNE, n. A name given to low hills of movable 
sand. [ner. 

DON'FISH, n. Codfish cured in a particular man- 

DuNG, n. Animal excrement ; v. t. to manure with 
dung; to cast dung. [prison. 

DuN'gEON (diin'jun), n. A deep, dark place ; close 

DuNG'-F6RK, n. A fork used to throw dung. 

DuNG'-HiLL, n. A heap of dung ; a mean abode 
or condition; a. mean; low; vile. 

DuNG'Y, a. Full of dung; dirty; foul. 

DuNG'-YaRD, n. A yard where dung is heaped 
up for manure. 

DuNK'ERS, n. pi. The name of a Christian sect. 
They practice abstinence and mortification. 

DuN'NAgE, n. Fagots or loose articles of any 
kind laid in ships to support goods. 

DuN'NING, n. A pressing demand for the pay- 
ment of debt ; a peculiar mode of preparing cod- 
fish. 

*Du'0. [L.] In music, a tune in two parts. 

DU-O-DEC'I-MALS, n. pi. A cross multiplication 
in which the denominations increase by twelves. 

DU-O-DeC'I-MO (-des'e-mo), n. ; pi. Du-o-dec-i- 
mos. A book shaped like an octavo, and next 
smaller in size. Originally it had 12 leaves to a 
sheet, and hence the name. 

DU-O-DeC'I-MO, a. Pertaining to or having the 
size of a duodecimo volume. 

DU-O-De'NUM, n. The first of the small intes- 
tines ; the twelve-inch intestine. [ters. 

DU-O-LiT'ER-AL, a. Consisting of but two let- 

DuPE, n. One easily deceived and imposed on. 

DuPE, v. t. To deceive ; to mislead ; to impose on. 

Du'PLE, a. Double. 

Du'PLEX, a. LL.] In botany, compound. 

Du'PLI-CaTE, v. t. To fold ; to double. 

Du'PLI-CATE, a. Double; coiitaining squares ; n. 
an exact copy. 

DU-PLI-Ca'TION, n. Act of doubling ; a fold. 

Du'PLI-€A-TuRE, n. A fold ; any thing doubled ; 
in anatomy, the fold of a membrane, &c. [ceit. 

DU-PLIC'I-TY (-plis'e-ty), n. Double dealing; de- 

DU-RA-BiL'I-TY, 1 n. Power of lasting or con- 

DuR'A-BLE-NESS,j tinuing in a given state. 

DuR'A-BLE, a. Lasting ; continuing long. 

DuR'A-BLY, ad. With long continuance. 

DuR'ANCE, n. Imprisonment ; custody. 

DU-Ra'TION, n. Continuance ; length of time. 

DuRE'LESS, a. Not lasting ; fading. 

DU-ReSS', n. Constraint by confinement ; unlaw- 
ful imprisonment or restraint. 

DuR'ING. This word was originally an active 
participle from the verb to dure, or continue : so 
that '■'■during a week" was the case absolute, de- 
noting for the continuance or space of a week. 
It is now taken as a preposition, meaning for the 
space of, for the period of. 

DuSK, a. Tending to darkness ; obscure. 

DuSK, n. Tendency to darkness ; slightly dark ; 
twilight. 

DuSK'1-LY, lad. With partial darkness ; dark- 

DuSK'ISH-LY,f ly; cloudily. 

DuSK'I-NESS, n. Slight darkness. 

DuSK'ISH, a. Somewhat dusk or dark. 



DuSK'Y, a. Partially dark ; slightly obscure. 
DuST, n. Very fine particles of dry earth; the 

grave ; a low condition. [from. 

DuST, v. t. To throw dust upon; to brush dust 
DuST'-BRuSH, n. A brush for furniture. 
DuST'ER, n. A utensil for dusting. 
DuST'I-NESS, n. A dusty state. 
DuST'-MaN, n. One who carries away dust. 
DuST'Y, a. Clouded or covered with dust ; of the 

color of dust. 
DuTCH'ESS, DuTCH'Y. See Duchess, &c. 
DuTCH' GoLD, n. Bronze leaf to ornament toys, 

&c. 
Du'TE-OUS, a. Performing that which is due; 

obedient. 
DfTTE-OUS-NESS, n. Obedience to duty. 

DiTTli?D I a ' Subject to duties or imposts. 
Du'TI-FUL, a. Obedient to parents and superiors. 
Du'TI-FUL-LY, ad. With performance of duty. 
Du'TI-FUL-NESS, n. Obedience; submission. 
Du'TY, n. That which is due, or which a person 

is bound by any obligation to do ; obedience ; act 

of reverence or respect ; the business of a soldier 

or of war ; tax or customs. 
DU-uM'VI-RATE, n. Government by two men. 
DWARF, n. A person or plant below the ordina- 
ry size ; a. very small ; low. 
DWARF, v. t. To hinder from growing to size; 

to keep small. 
DWARF'ISII, a. Below the usual size ; small. 
DWARF'ISII-NESS, n. Smallness of stature. 
DWfiLL, v. i. \_pret. and pp. Dwelled, Dwelt.] 

To live ; to reside ; to stay ; to continue in fixed 

attention. 
DWeLL'ER, n. One who dwells; an inhabitant. 
DWELLING, n. A mansion ; habitation; abode. 
DWeLL'ING-HOUSE, n. The house in which 

one lives; place of residence. 
DWiN'DLE, v. i. To diminish ; to become less ; 

to fall away ; to degenerate ; v. t. to make less ; 

to bring low. 
DTE (di), v. t. [pp. Dyed.] To color; to stain; to 

give a new color, as to cloth, &c. 
DTE, n. Coloring liquor; deep tinge; color. 
DyE'-HOUSE, n. A building in which clothes, 

&c, are dyed. 
DYE'ING, ppr. or a. Coloring ; staining ; n. the 

practice or art of coloring. 
Dy'ER, n. One whose trade is to color. 
DyE'-STuFF, n. Materials or drugs for dyeing. 
Dy'ING, ppr. or a. Expiring; perishing; fading 

away. 
Dy'ING, a. Mortal; given or manifested at or 

near the time of death ; last, as dying love, &c. ; 

supporting a dying person, as a dying bed. 
DYKE. See Dike. 
D y-NaM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring 

the magnifying power of telescopes. 
DYN-A-MeT'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to a dynam- 

eter. 
Dy-NaM'IC, V a. Related to strength or to dy- 
Dy-NAM'IG-ALJ namics. 
Dy-NaM'I€S, n. pi. That branch of mechanics 

which treats of the force of moving bodies. 
Dy'NAS-TY, n. A race of kings of the same fam- 
ily; sovereignty. 
DYS'CRA-SY, n. Ill state of the animal fluids. 
DYS-EN-TeR'IC, a. Pertaining to dysentery. 
D?S'EN-TER-Y, 7i. A flux from diseased bowels; 

bloody flux. 
DYS-PeP'SY, T n. Bad digestion ; indigestion 
DYS-PeP'SI-AJ or difficulty of digestion. 
DYS-PeP'TIC, a. Afflicted with indigestion or 

pertaining to it. 
DYS-PeP'TIC, n. A person afflicted with bad or 

disordered digestion. 
DYSP-NCE'A (disp-ne'a), n. A difficulty of breath- 

ing L 
D?S'u-RY, n. Difficulty of discharging urine. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; there, teem; mae'ine, died; move, 



135 



ECC 



E. 



Ethe second vowel and the fifth letter of the al- 
1 phabet. Its long and natural sound, as in here, 
•me, is as the sound of the Italian and French i. 
It has a short sound, as in met, and the sound of 
a open or long, as in %>rey. As a final letter, gen- 
erally quiescent, hut lengthens the sound of the 

_ preceding vowel, as in name. [arately. 

EACH (C-ch), a. Eveiy; denoting Bvery one sep- 

EA'GER (e'ger), a. Inflamed with warm desire ; 
ardent; vehement. — Syn. Earnest. — Eager (lit, 
sharp, keen-set) marks an excited state of desire 
or passion; earnest (lit, reaching out, yearning) 
denotes a permanent state of moral sentiment or 
feeling. A child is eager for a plaything ; a hun- 
gry man is eager for food ; a covetous man is ea- 
ger for gain. A preacher is earnest in his appeals 
to the conscience ; an agent is earnest in his so- 
licitations. Qy. 

EA'GER-LY, ad. With ardor; zealously; earnest- 

eA'GER-NESS, n. Earnestness; ardent zeal. 

EA'GLE (e'gl), n. A rapacious bird of the genus 
falco ; a gold coin of the value of 10 dollars. 

EA'GLE-E? ED (e'gl-ide), a. Quick-sighted; of 
acute sight ; of acute intellectual vision. 

EA'GLESS, n. A female or hen eagle. 

EA'GLET, n. A young or diminutive eagle. 

EAR (eer), n. The organ of hearing; the sense of 
hearing ; attention ; heed ; any thing resembling 
an ear ; a spike of corn. 

EAR, v. i. To shoot into ears. 

EARL (13), n. The third British title of nobility. 

eAR'-LaP, n. The tip of the ear. 

EARL'DOM (erl'dum), n. The dignity and juris- 

_ diction of an earl. [listen. 

EAR'LESS, a. Having no ears; not inclined to 

EAR'LI-NESS, n. A state of being beforehand. 

EARL-MaR'SHAL, n. The eighth officer of state 
in Great Britain, who is over the Herald's Office 
or College of Arms and similar affairs. 

EAR'-LoCK, n. A curl of hair near the ear. 

EAR'LY (er'ly), a. Prior in time; first; being in 

_ good season ; ad. soon ; in good time. 

eAR'-MaRK (eer'miirk), n. A mark on the ear. 

EARN (13), v. t To merit by services ; to gain by 
labor or performance ; to acquire. 

EARN'EST (13), a. Ardent in the pursuit of an 
object ; really intent ; serious. — Syn. Warm ; 
zealous; animated; fervent. See Eagee. 

EARN'EST, n. Something in advance, affording 
promise of more to come; part payment to bind 
a bargain. To be in earnest is to be serious. — 
Syn. Pledge. — An earnest, like first-fruits, gives 
assurance that more is coming of the same kind ; 
a pledge, like money deposited, affords security 
and ground of reliance. Washington gave earn- 
est of his talent as a commander by saving his 
troops after Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and 
that of his soldiers during the winter at Valley 
Forge were a pledge of their ultimate triumph. 

EARN'EST-LY, ad. Eagerly; warmly. 

EARN'EST-NESS, n. Fixed desire ; zeal. 

EARN'INGS (ern'ingz), n. pi. The rewards of 

_ services; wages. 

EAR'-RiNG, n. A jewel for the ear. 

EAR'-SHoT, n. Reach of the ear; distance at 
which words may be heard. 

EARTH (13), n. Mold or fine particles of the globe ; 
the globe ; land ; country. In chemistry, certain 
insoluble metallic oxyds ; things of earth, carnal, 
temporary, &c, as opposed to spiritual and heav- 
enly. 

EARTH (erth), v. t. To cover with mold ; to hide 
or cause to hide in the earth ; v. i. to retire un- 
der ground ; to burrow. 

EARTII'-BoARD, n. The mold-board of a plow. 

EARTH'-BoRN, a. Born of the earth. 



eARTH'-BOUND,) a. Low; groveling ; fixed to 

eARTH'-BReD, / the earth. 

EARTHEN (er'thn), a. Made of earth or clay. 

EARTH'LI-NESS, n. The quality of being earth. 
ly ; worldly attachment 

EARTH'NUT, n. Name of certain vegetable pro- 
ductions, as pea-nuts, &c. 

eARTH'QUaKE, n. A violent shaking of the 
earth ; vibration of the ground. 

EARTH'- WORK, n. In engineering, cutting em- 
bankments, &c. [wretch. 

EARTH'-WORM, n. The dew-worm ; a mean 

eARTH'Y, a. Consisting of earth ; like earth. 

eAR'-WaX, n. A thick, viscous matter secreted 

_ in the ear ; the cerumen. 

EAR'-WIG, n. An insect ; a centiped. 

EAR'-WiT'NESS, n. One able to testify from his 

_ own hearing. 

EASE (ez), n. Freedom from pain, difficulty, or 
labor; freedom from stiffness, constraint, or for- 
mality.— Syn. Rest; repose; tranquillity; facil- 

_ ity ; readiness. 

EASE, v. t. To relieve from pain; to free from 

_ anxiety or care; to' assuage; to quiet. 

EASE'FUL, a. Quiet ; peaceful ; fit for rest. 

EA$'i?L (G'zl), n. A painter's frame for canvas. 

EASE'LESS, a. Wanting rest or quiet. 

EASE'MENT (eez'ment), n. Relief; refreshment. 

EA'SI-LY (e'ze-ly), ad. With ease ; gently ; with- 

_ out trouble. [facility ; softness. 

EA'SI-NESS (e'ze-ness), n. Tranquillity; rest; 

EAST, n. The quarter where the sun rises. 

EAST, a. Toward the point where the sun rises. 

EAST'ER, n. The festival of Christ's resurrection 
on the first Sunday after Good Friday. 

EAST'ER-LY, a. Pertaining to the east. 

EAST'ERN, a. Being in the east or from the east. 

EAST'WARD, ad. Toward the east. 

EA'SY (e'zy), a. Free from anxiety, care, &c. ; 
causing no pain or labor; not difficult or press- 
ing; not unwilling; not stiff or formal. — Syn. 

_ Quiet ; tranquil ; secure ; calm ; complying. 

EAT (eet), v. t \_pret. Ate; pp. Eat, Eaten.] To 
devour ; to corrode ; to consume ; to feast ; v. i. to 
take food. [esculent. 

eAT'A-BLE (e'ta-bl), a. That is fit to be eaten ; 

EAT'A-BLE (e'ta-bl), n. Any thing that may be 
eaten. 

eAT'ER (e'ter), n. One that eats ; a corrosive. 

EAT'ING, n. The act of chewing and swallowing. 

EAU' DE CO-LoGNE' (o de ko-16ne'), n. A liq- 

_ uid perfume originally prepared at Cologne. 

EAVES (eevz), n. pi. The edges of a root 

EAVES'-DRoP, v. i. To listen under the eaves or 

_ secretly. [dow ; one who secretly listens. 

EAVE$'-DRoP-PER, n. A listener under a win- 

EBB, v. i. To flow back; to decline; to decay. 

EBB, n. A flowing back ; recess of the tide ; de- 
cline, [the recess or reflux of the tide. 

EBB'ING, a. Retiring, as the tide; declining; n. 

EBB'-TIDE, n. The reflux of a tide. 

E'BI-O-NlTES, n. pi. Judaizing Christians in the 
first ages of the Church who rejected portions of 
the New Testament, and were considered as here- 

EB'ON, a. Made of or like ebony. [tics. 

EB'ON-Y, n. A species of hard, heavy, durable 
wood. 

E-BRI'E-TY, \n. Drunkenness; intoxication; 

E-BRI-oS'I-TY, j habitual intemperance. 

E-BuLL'IEN-CY, n. A boiling over. 

E-BuLL'IENT (-biil'yent),a. Boiling; boiling over. 

EB-UL-Li"TION (-lish'un), n. Act of boiling; a 
bubbling. 

E-BuR'NE-AN, a. Made of or relating to ivory. 

E€-BaT'IC, a. In grammar, noting a simple re- 
sult, opposed to telic, which denotes intention or 
purpose. [ing eggs by artificial heat. 

E€-€A-LE-_o'BI-ON, n. A contrivance for hatch- 

+EC-CE Ho'MO. [£.] Behold the man; a painting 
showing Christ given up by Pilate. 



dove, wolf, book ; p.fjLE, eull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; o as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. * Jot English. 



ECC 



136 



EFF 



\ a. Deviating from the cen- 
j,j ter; irregular. 



E€-CEN'TRI€. 
E€-CeN'TRI€-AL. 

E€-CeM"TRI£J, \n. A wheel or disk 

E€-CEN'TRI€-WHEEL,J with its axis out of 
the center for obtaining alternate motion from a 
circular one, or vice versa. [the center. 

E€-CEN-TRiC'I-TY (-trls'e-ty), n. Deviation from 
E€'€Le'$I-aRCH, n. A ruler of the church. 
E€-€LE-$I-aS'TeS (-teez), n. A canonical book 

of the Old Testament. 
E€-€LE-SI-aS'TI€, \ a. Pertaining to the 
E€-€LE-SI-aS'TI€-AL,j church. 

E€-€LE-SI-A8'TI€, n. One in orders ; a minister 
of the Gospel. [siology. 

E€-€LE-SI-0-Log'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to eccle- 

E€-€LE-SI-oL'0-gY, n. The science of church 
building and decoration. 

+ECH'E-LON (esh'e-lon). [Fr.] The position or 
movements of an army, in form like the steps of 
stairs. [a hedge-hog ; bristled. 

e€HT-NATE (ek'e-nate), a. Set with prickles like 

kOH'I-NITE, a. A fossil sea-urchin. 

E-CHTNUS (e-kl'nus), n. LL.] A hedge-hog; a 
sea-urchin. [ated. 

e€H'0 (Sk'o), n. A sound reflected or reverber- 

e€H'0 (ek'o), v. t. To send back sound ; to rever- 
berate ; v. i. to resound ; to be sounded back. 

EGH'O-LESS, a. Destitute of an echo. 

E-OLAIR'ClSE, v. t. To clear up or explain. 

+E-€LAIR'CISSE-MENT (ek-klar'sis-mung), n. 
CjPV.] A full explanation. 

*E-€LXT' (-kla'), n. Splendor; renown; applause. 

EO-Le€'TI€, a. Selecting ; choosing. 

E€-Le€'TI-CISM, n. The practice of selecting 
from different systems; doctrine of the eclectics. 

E€-LeO'TI€S, n. pi. Philosophers who formed 
their system by taking parts of various ones. 

E-€LfPSE', n. The obscuration of one heavenly 
body by the shadow of another. 

E-OL1PSE', v. t. To hide a luminous body in 
whole or in part ; to darken ; to obscure. 

E-€L!P'TI€, n. A great circle ; the apparent path 
of the sun ; a. pertaining to or described by the 
ecliptic. 

feG'LoGUE (ek'log), n. A pastoral poem. 

E-CO-NoM'IO, (a. Saving; frugal; pertain - 

E-€0-NoM'IO-AL,j ing to the science which 
teaches the management of the general interests 
of a country. 

E-€0-NoM'I€-AL-LY, ad. Frugally ; with saving. 

E-€0-NoM'I€S, n. pi. The science which teaches 
how to manage to the best advantage the general 
interests of a country. 

E-OoN'O-MIST, n. One frugal in expenses. 

E-€oN'0-MIZE, v. t. To use with prudence or fru- 
gality ; v. i. to be frugal in expenditures. 

E-CoN'O-MY, n. Internal arrangement ; system ; 
disposal; the careful and judicious management 
of money concerns. — Syn. Frugality; parsimony. 
— Economy avoids all waste and extravagance, 
and applies money to the best advantage ; fru- 
gality cuts off all indulgences, and proceeds on a 
system of rigid and habitual saving ; parsimony 
is frugality carried to an extreme, involving 
meanness of spirit and a sordid mode of living. 
Economy is a virtue, and parsimony a vice. Fru- 
gality may lean to the one or the other, according 
to the motives from which it springs. [ported. 

E€'STA-SIi?D (ck'sta-sid), a. Enraptured; trans- 

eO'STA-SY, n. Literally, a being out of one's self; 
hence, rapture; overpowering emotion. 

E€-STaT'I€, a. Very delightful ; ravishing. 

E€-u-MeN'I€-AL, a. General; universal. 

E-Da'CIOUS (-da'shus), a. Given to eating; 
greedy; voracious. [ravenousness. 

E-DAC'I-TY (-das'e-ty), n. Greediness ; voracity ; 

ED'DA, n. A book containing a system of Runic 
of Scandinavian mythology. 

ED'DY, n. A current of water running back; a 
whirlpool ; a circular motion of water. 



ED'DY, v. i. To move circuitously, as in a whirl- 
pool. 
E-DeM'A-TOUS,\ a. Swelling with a serous hu- 
E-DeM'A-To$E, J" mor. 
e'DEN, n. The country and garden in which God 

placed Adam and Eve. 
E-DeN'TATE, ? a. Destitute or deprived of 
E-DEN'TA-TED,f teeth. 

ED6E (5j), n. The extreme border of a thing; the 
brink ; thin cutting part of an instrument ; a nar- 
row rising part ; sharpness of mind or appetite. — 
Syn. Rim; verge; skirt; margin; keenness. 

EDGE (Sj), v. t. To border; to sharpen ; to furnish 
with an edge ; to incite ; v. i. to move sideways ; 
to move gradually. 

EDgE'LESS, a. Void of edge; blunt. 

eDgE'-TOOL, n. A cutting instrument. 

EDgE'WISE, ad. In direction of the edge. 

eDg'ING, n. A kind of narrow lace ; a border ; a 
trimming. 

eD'I-BLE, a. Eatable ; esculent ; good for food. 

e'DIOT, n. An ordinance proclaimed by a sover- 
eign power. — Syn. Decree; injunction; regula- 
tion. 

ED-I-FI-€a'TION, n. A building up in faith. 

ED'I-FiCE, n. A building; appropriately, a large 
structure. — Syn. Domicil ; house ; habitation ; 
dwelling. 

ED'I-FL&'D (-f Ide), pp. or a. Built up ; instructed. 

eD'I-Fi-ER, n. One who edifies by instruction. 

eDT-Fy, v. t. To build up or instruct. [ing. 

eD'I-Fy-ING, a. Adapted to instruct ; improv- 

e'DiLE, n. A Roman magistrate who had care of 

_ public buildings, highways, &c. 

E'DiLE-SHIP, n. The office of an edile. [lish. 

eD'IT, v. t. To superintend publication; to pub- 

E-DI"TION (e-dish'un), n. The publication of a 
book ; republication ; also, the whole impression 
of a book published at once. 

ED'I-TOR, n. One who publishes, superintends, 
or prepares a book, magazine, or a newspaper, 
&c, for publication. 

ED-I-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an editor ; n. an 
article in a public journal written by the editor 
or appearing as his. 

ED'I-TOR-SHIP, n. The business of an editor. 

eD'u-€aTE, v. t. Literally, to draw forth ; to cul- 
tivate and discipline the various powers of the 
mind.— Syn. To instruct; train; teach; bring up. 

eD'u-€a-TED, pp. or a. Brought up ; instructed ; 
trained. 

ED-u-€Lv'TION (ed-yu-ka'shun), n. The drawing 
forth and cultivation of the human faculties, es- 
pecially among the young. — Syn. Instruction; 
teaching ; breeding. — Education includes the 
whole course of training, moral, intellectual, and 
physical. Instruction and teaching apply to the 
communication of knowledge, the latter term 
being the more familiar of the two. Breeding 
relates to the manners and outward conduct. 

ED-u-€a'TION-AL (ed-yu-), a. Pertaining to ed- 
ucation. 

eD'u-Oa-TOR, n. A person who educates. 

E-DuCE' (28), v. t. To draw out, as if from con- 
cealment. — Syn. Draw forth; elicit; bring forth; 
extract. 

E-Du€'TION, n. Act or process of drawing out. 

E-Du€T'OR, n. That which brings out. 

E-DuL'OO-RaTE, v. t. To purify and sweeten; 
to render more mild by freeing from acids and 
salts, &c. 

EEL, n. A genus of soft-finned fish. 

EEL'-PoT, n. A kind of basket for catching eels. 

E'EN, ad. Contracted from even. 

E'ER (12) (are), ad. A contraction of ever. 

EF'FA-BLE, a. That may be uttered. 

EF-FaCE', v. t. Literally, to rub out, so as to ren- 
der invisible ; to destroy an impression on the 
mind. — Syn. To erase; expunge; cancel; destroy. 

EF-FaCE'MENT, n. The act of effacing ; erasure. 



a, e, &c, long.— 1, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



EFF 



137 



EJE 



EF-F£€T', n. That which is produced by some 
agent or cause ; result ; general intent or mean- 
ing; reality; to do a thing for effect is to do it 
for show or to heighten the impression ; pi. goods ; 
personal estate. See Consequence. 
EF-FeCT', v. t. To bring to pass ; to cause ; to ac- 
complish. 
EF-Fe€T'I-BLE, a. That may be effected. 
EF-F£€'TION (-f uk'shun), n. Creation or pro- 
duction. 
EF-FeCTTVE, a. Suited to produce an effect ; 
adapted to impress, as a speech ; ready for ac- 
tion, as troops Syn. Efficient; efficacious; op- 
erative; forcible; active; powerful; energetic. 
EF-FECTTvE-LY, ad. With effect; powerfully. 
EF-FeCT'iVE-NESS, n. An efficient quality. 
EF-Fe€T'OR, n. One who produces or causes; 

an agent ; a creator. 
EF-FeCTS', n. pi. Goods; movables. 
EF-FeCT'u-AL (ef-f5kt'yu-al), a. That produces 
the effect ; efficacious ; able. [ly. 

EF-FeCT'u-AL-LY, ad. With effect; efficacious- 
EF-Fe€T'u-aTE (-fekt'yu-ate), v . t. To bring to 

pass ; to achieve. 
EF-FeM'I-NA-CY, n. Excessive softness ; weak- 
ness ; indulgence in unmanly pleasures. 
EF-FfiM'I-NATE, a. Womanish; tender; weak. 
EF-FeM'I-NaTE, v. t. To unman ; to make wom- 
anish, [means of a woman. 
EF-FeM'I-NATE-LY, ad. Weakly : softly ; by 
EF-FeM'I-NATE-NESS, n. Unmanlike softness. 
EF-FeN'Di (ef-fen'dy), n. In Turkish, a master, 

applied to various officers of rank. 
EF-FER-VeSCE' (ef-fer-vess'), V. i. To boil gen- 
tly; to bubble and throw out an elastic gas or 
fluid. 
EF-FER-VeS'CENCE (ef-fer-vus'sence), n. Natu- 
ral ebullition or gentle bubbling; throwing off 
gas, &c. [bling. 

EF-FEK-VeS'CENT, a. Gentlv boiling or bub- 
EF-FER-VeS'CI-BLE, a. Capable of efferves- 
cence, [worn out. 
EF-FeTE', a. Barren; not capable of producing ; 
EF-FI-€a'CIOUS (-ka'shus), a. Producing the 

effect ; having power adequate to the purpose. 
EF-FI-Ca'CIOUS-LY, ad. So as to produce the 
desired consequences. [strength. 

eF'FI-CA-CY, n. Power to produce effects ; 
EF-Fi"CIENCE (ef-fish'ence), \ n. Power or act 
EF-FI"CIEN-CY (ef-fish'en-sy),j of producing ef- 
fects ; effectual agency. 
EF-Fi"CIENT (-flsh'ent), a. That causes any 
thing to be what it is ; n. the agent that causes 
or produces. 
EF-Fi"CIENT-LY, ad. With effect ; powerfully. 
eF'FI-gY, n. An image ; a portrait or figure in 
sculpture ; on coin, the head of the prince, &c. 
To burn or hang in effigy is to do thus to an im- 
age or picture of some person. 
EF-FLO-ReSCE' (ef-flo-r5ss'), v. i. To forma mealy 

mute 



: spic- 



powder on the surface ; to shoot out mhr 
ular crystals. 

EF-FLO-ReS'CENCE, n. Time of flowering ; for- 
mation of crystals on the surface ; minute erup- 
tions or redness of skin. 

EF-FLO-ReS'CENT, a. Shooting into white 
threads or forming white dust on the surface. 

EF'FLU-ENCE, n. A flowing out ; that which is- 
sues. 

EF'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing from ; issuing out. 

EF-FLu'VI-UM, n. ; pi. Ef-flu'vi-a. An exhala- 
tion from material bodies of minute and invisible 
particles, causing odors, smells, &c. 

EF'FLUX, n. A flowing out; effusion. [vium. 

EF-FLuX'ION (-fluk'shun), n. Emanation ; efflu- 

KF'FoRT, n. Exertion of strength ; endeavor, 
which see. 

EF'FoRT-LESS, a. Without trying. 

EF-FRoNT'ER-Y (-front'-), n. Excessive assur- 
ance; impudence; bold immodesty. 



EF-FuL'&ENCE, n. A fiood of light; splendor. 

EF-FuL'gENT, a. Shining with a flood of light. 

EF-F6SE' (ef-fuze 7 ), v. t. To pour out ; to spill. 

EF-Fu'SION (-ff/zhun), n. A pouring out ; act of 
shedding or spilling; that which is poured out; 
waste. In pathology, extravasation of fluid into 
a visceral cavity, &c. [sive. 

EF-FD'SiVE, a. Pouring out; spreading; disper- 

EFT, n. A newt; a 6mall lizard. 

EGG, n. The body which contains the embryo of 
a bird or other animal. 

EGG, v. t. See Edge. 

eGG'-PLANT, n. A vegetable used in cookeiy, 
having an egg-like form. [the sweet-brier. 

eG'LAN-TINE (-tine or -tin), n. A species of rose ; 

E'GO-ISM, n. A passionate love of self; doubt of 

_ all existence but one's self. 

E'GO-IST, n. A follower of Descartes, who was 
uncertain of every thing except his own exist- 

_ ence and of his own mind, &c. 

E'GO-TISM, n. Literally, too frequent a use of the 
word ego, I ; hence, the magnifying of one's self 
or of one's own importance. — Syn. Self-conceit; 
vanity. — Self-conceit is an overweening opinion 
of one's self; egotism is the expression of self- 
conceit in words or actions ; vanity is inflation of 
mind arisingfrom the idea of being thought highly 
of by others. A man may be vain or sdf-conceit- 

_ ed, and vet have sense enough to avoid egotism. 

E'GO-TIST, n. One who speaks much of himself. 

E-GO-TiST'I€, \ a. Often speaking of him- 

E-GO-TiST'I€-AL,f self; conceited ; full of self. 

E-GRe'gIOUS (-gre'jus), a. Standing out with re- 
markable prominence [.chiefly in a bad sense']. 

E-GRe'gIOUS-LY, ad. Greatly; enormously. 

e'GRESS, n. The act of going out ; liberty to quit 
any confined place. [forth. 

E-GKeS'SION (-grSsh'un), n. The act of issuing 

E'GRET, n. The lesser white heron ; the feathery 
or hairy crown of seeds. [ment of ribbons. 

E-GReTTE', n. A tuft of feathers, &c. ; an orna- 

E-gYP'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Egypt; n. a na- 
tive of Egypt; a gipsy, [again. 

EII (a), ex. Denoting "surprise or desire to hear 

Ei'DER (I'der), \ n. A species of duck found in 

EI'DER-DuCK,j the Shetland Isles, Orkneys, &c. 

Ei'DER-DOWN, n. Very fine soft down from the 
eider-duck, much prized. 

EIGH (a), ex. Expressive of pleasure. 

EIGHT (ate), a. The next number to seven ; one 
added to seven ; twice four. 

EIGHT'EEN ("/teen), a. Eight and ten united. 

EIGHT-EEN'MO, n. A book shaped like a duo- 
decimo, and next but one smaller in size. It had 
formerly eighteen leaves to the sheet, and hence 
the name. 

EIGHT'EENTH (a'teenth), a. The next number 
ordinal after the seventeenth. 

EIGHT'FoLD (ate'fold), a. Taken eight times. 

EIGHTH (ath), a. Noting the number eight ; the 
ordinal of eight. [and two semitones. 

EIGHTH, n. In music, an interval of five toues 

EIGIITH'LY (ath'ly), ad. In the eighth place. 

EIGHT'I-ETH (a'ti-eth), a. Next in order to sev- 
enty-ninth ; noting the number eighty. 

EIGHT'SCoRE (ate'-), a. Twenty taken eight 

times ; 1G0 ; the same used as a noun. 
EIGHT'Y (a'ty), a. Eight times teu united ; four- 

_ score. [go or stay. 

El'THER (t-'ther or i'ther), conj., as, either he will 
El'THER (e'th r or I'ther) : [Usage, according to 
Smart, is about equally divided between the two], 
a. or pron. One or another of any number ; one 
of two; e_ach. [utter. 

E-Ja€'u-LaTE, v. t. To throw out; to dart; to 
E-JA€-u-La'TION, n. A sudden throw ; a short 
prayer. [sentences. 

E-JA€'u-LA-TO-RY, «. Sudden ; uttered in short 
E-Je€T', v. t. Literally, to cast out from some in- 
terior place, as the mouth, &c. ; to cast out or ex- 



DOYE, WOLF, BOOK ; KULE, BULL ; VI CIOUS. 



k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn; this. * Not English. 



EJE 



138 



ELE 



pel, as from an office, building, &c. — Syn. To 
throw off; thrust out; dispossess; turnout. 

E-Je€'TION, n. A casting out; expulsion. 

E-Je€T'MENT, n. Dispossession ; in law, a writ 
to deprive of possession. 

E-J-eCT'OR, n. One who dispossesses another of 

_ his land. [prolong. 

EKE, v. t. To increase ; to add to ; to lengthen ; to 

EKE, ad. Also ; besides ; moreover. 

E-LaB'O-RaTE, v. t. To produce with labor ; to 
finish with skill or care, [bor ; highly finished. 

E-LAB'O-RATE, a. Wrought out with great la- 

E-LaB'O-RATE-LY, ad. With labor and care. 

E-LAB-O-Ra'TION, n. A working out ; improve- 
ment by great labor. 

E-LaB'O-Ra-TOR, n. One who gives great care, 
labor, and finish to his work. [and fats. 

E-La'IN, n. The liquid or oily principle of oils 

E- LAPSE', v. i. To run out ; to slip or glide away, 
as time. 

E-LaS'TIC, \ a. Springing back ; recovering 

E-LaS'TI€-AL, f its former state. 

E-LAS-TiC'I-TY (-tis'e-ty), n. The property of 
bodies to restore themselves after being bent or 
pressed out of form or position. 

E-LaTE', a. Flushed with success; haughty. 

E-LaTE', v. t. To make proud. 

E-La'TION, n. Haughtiness ; arrogance ; pride. 

E-La'TOR, n. He or that which makes proud. 

EL'Bo W, n. The bend of the arm ; an angle. 

EL'BoW, v. t. To push with the elbow; v. i. to 
jut _into an angle ; to bend. 

EL'BoW-CHAIR, n. A chair with arms. 

EL'BoW-ROOM, n. Room to move the elbows. 

eLD, n. Old age ; old people. [Obsolete.] 

ELD'ER, n. A tree of several species. 

ELD'ER, a. Having lived longer; having more 
years ; the comparative degree of eld, now writ- 
ten old. 

ELD'ER, n. One who is older than another. A 
person who, for his age, experience, and wisdom, 
is selected for office. In the Reformed Dutch and 
Presbyterian churches, elders compose the con- 
sistories and sessions. 

ELD'ER- LY, a. Somewhat old ; advanced in years. 

ELD'ER-SHIP, n. Seniority ; order of elders. 

ELD'EST, a. saperl. Oldest ; most aged. 

+EL DO-Ra'DO, n. [_Sp.~\ A fabulous region in 
the interior of South America, supposed to be im- 
mensely rich in gold, gems, &c. 

E-LE-aT'IO, a. Applied to certain philosophers, 
followers of Xenophanes of Elea, who sought to 
confine the thoughts to ideas of God, &c. 

EL-E-€AM-PaNE', n. A plant; a sweetmeat. 

E-Le€T', v. t. To decide in favor of; to choose 
for office. — Syn. To select ; prefer ; choose, which 
see. \ [set apart. 

E-Le€T', a. Chosen ; selected ; n. one chosen or 

E-Le€T'ED, pp. Chosen ; taken by choice. 

E-LeCT'I-CISM, n. The system of selecting doc- 
trines and opinions from other systems. See 
Eclecticism. 

E-LeC'TION, n. The act or power of choosing; 
the choice of officers ; the day on which the pub- 
lic choice of officers is made ; preference ; in the- 
ology, divine choice. 

E-LEC-TION-EER', v. t. To make interest for 
office for one's self or another; to use arts to se- 
cure election. 

E-LEC-TION-EER'ING, a. Aiming to promote or 
secure an election ; n. use of efforts or arts to se- 
cure an election to office. [lection. 

E-LeCT'iVE, a. Depending on choice; using se- 

E-LeCT'iVE AF-FiN'ITY, n. A tendency in 
bodies to unite with certain kinds of matter rath- 
er than others. 

E-Le€T'iVE-LY, ad. By choice or preference. 

E-L£CT'OR, n. One who has the right of voting 
at elections ; in Germany, one who had the right 
of voting in the election of emperor. 



E-LeCT'OR-AL, a. Belonging to an elector. 

E-Le€T'OR-ATE, n. The dignity or the territory 
of an elector in Germany. 

E-LeCT'RESS, n. The wife or widow of an elect- 
or in Germany. 

E-LeC'TRIC, n. A substance that exhibits elec- 
tricity by friction. 

E-LeC'TRIC, X a. Pertaining to electricity or 

E-LeC'TRI€-AL,J capable of exhibiting it. 

E-LEG-TRi"CIAN (-trish'un), n. One versed in 
the science of electricity. 

E-LE€-TRiC'I-TY, n. A subtile agent usually 
excited by the friction of glass, but originally of 
amber (electron in Greek), whence its name. It 
produces shocks of the body, mechanical violence, 
heat, light, attraction, and repulsion. 

E-LeC'TRI-Fi-A-BLE, a. Capable of receiving 
electricity. 

E-LeC'TRI-FLED (fide), a. Charged with elec- 
tricity. 

E-LeC'TRI-Fy, v. t. To charge with electricity or 
to cause it to_pass through. 

E-LeC'TRI-Fy-ING, a. Conveying electricity; 
exciting in a high degree, as sudden news. 

E-LE€-TRI-Za'TION, n. Act of electrizing. 

E-LeC'TRiZE, v. t. To electrify. 

E-LeC'TRO-GHeM'IS-TRY, n. That science 
which treats of the agency of electricity and gal- 
vanism in effecting chemical changes. 

E-Le€'TRO-MAG-NeT'IC„ a. Pertaining to 
electro-magnetism ; applied to a telegraph, which, 
by means of a wire conducting the electric fluid, 
conveys intelligence to any given distance with 
the speed of lightning. 

E-LeC'TRO-MaG'NET-I$M, n. The agency of 
electricity and galvanism in communicating mag- 
netic properties. 

E-LEC-TR6M'E-TER, n. An apparatus for gener- 
ating a current of electricity. 

E-LeC'TRO-TyPE, v. t. To plate; to cover with 
metal deposited by an electro-chemical process. 

E-LeC'TRO-TyPE, n. A fac-simile taken in met- 
al deposited by an electro-chemical process. 

E-LeC'TRO-TyP-ING, n. The process of plating 
with metal deposited by an electro-chemical agen- 
cy, [gold and silver. 

E-LeC'TRUM, n. [£.] Amber; also an alloy of 

E-LeCT'u-A-RY, n. A medicine composed of 
powders, conserves, &c. 

EL-EE-M6$'Y-NA-RY, a. Given in charity ; per- 

^ taining to charity ; n. one living on charity. 

EL'E-GANCE, n. Literally, selectness; a species 
of beauty, whether in form, manner, expression, 
&c, of a peculiarly select kind, and opposed to 
every thing coarse and vulgar ; fine polish of de- 
portment, style, &c. — Syn. Grace. — Elegance im- 
plies something which is produced by training 
and art, as elegance of manners, composition, 
handwriting, &c. ; elegant furniture, an elegant 
house, an elegant mansion, &c. Grace is a lower 
order of beauty. It may be a natural gift ; the 
manner of a peasant-girl may be graceful, but 
would be hardly called elegant. Grace is opposed 
to awkwardness. 

fiL'E-GANT, a. Characterized by elegance. — Syn. 
Polished; refined; symmetrical. 

EL'E-GANT-LY, ad. With elegance or beauty. 

E-LE'Gl-AC or EL-E-Gl'AC, a. Belonging to ele- 
gy; plaintive; used in elegies. 

EL-E-gI'AC-AL, a. Belonging to an elegy. 

+E-Le'gIT, n. [£.] In law, a writ by which a 
debtor's goods are taken and appraised. 

eL'E-gY, n. A funeral poem ; a plaintive song. 

EL'E-MENT, n. The first or minutest constituent 
part of a thing ; an ingredient. In the plural, the 
first rules or principles of an art or science. In 
popular language, earth, air, fire, and water. 

EL-E-MeNT'AL, a. Pertaining to elements. 

EL-E-MeNT'A-RY, a. Relating to elements; pri- 
mary ; rudimental ; uncompounded. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; there, teem; mae'ine, lied; move, 



ELE 



139 



EMB 



eL'E-PHANT, n. The largest of quadrupeds. 

EL-E-PHAN-Tl'A-SIS, n. A disease of the legs 
and feet, causing swelling to a great size, with 
roughness of scales on the skin. 

EL-E-PHANT'INE, a. Pertaining to elephants. 

EL-EU-SiN'I-AN, a. Relating to the mysteries of 
Ceres at Eleusis, in Greece. 

eL'E-VaTE, v. t. To raise from a low point to a 
higher; to raise morally, or refine and exalt; to 
make louder or higher, as the voice. — Syn. To 
exalt ;_lift up ; elate ; cheer ; flush ; excite. 

EL-E-Va'TION, n. Act of raising; exaltation; 
height; a high place or station; in architecture, 
a view or perspective of an edifice ; front view of 
a building drawn without regard to perspective. 

eL'E-Va-TOR, n. One that raises, lifts, or exalts ; 
in anatomy, a muscle that raises the part to which 
it is attached ; a surgical instrument for raising 
depressed portions of the skull ; an instrument 
for raising grain to upper stories. 

E-LeVSN, a. Ten with one added. [tenth. 

E-LEV.ENTH, a. The next ordinal number to 

ELF, n. ; pi. Elves. An imaginary wandering 
spirit ; a fairy. 

ELF, v. t. To entangle intricately. 

ELF'-AR-RoW, > 7i. Name of flints shaped like ar- 

ELF'-BoLT, I row-heads, vulgarly supposed 
to be shot by fairies. 

eLF'IX, \a. Pertaining to elves; resembling 

eLF'ISH, > elves or fairies. 

eLF'LOCK, n. A knot of hair supposed to be 
twisted by elves. 

EL'GIN MaR'BLES, n. A collection of ancient 
reliefs,, statues, &c, in the British Museum, 
brought by Lord Elgin from the Parthenon of 
Athens. ' [light ; to deduce. 

E-LIC'IT (e-lis'it), v. t. To draw forth ; to bring to 

E-LIDE ', v. t. To cut off a syllable. 

EL-I-Gl-BIL'I-TY, \ n. Capacity of being elect- 

eL'I-gI-BLE-NESS, J ed to office ; fitness or wor- 
thiness. 

eL'I-gI-BLE, a. Capable of being elected; desir- 
able; proper. 

eL'I-gI-BLY, ad. Suitably ; so as to be worthy of 
choice. [ty. 

E-LiM'I-NaTE, v. t. To draw out ; to set at liber- 

E-LI$'ION (-lizh'un), n. The cutting off a vowel 
at the end of a word when the next word begins 
with a vowel. 

+E-L1TE' (a-leteO, n. [FV.] A select body of per- 
sons ; the flower of an army. 

E-LiX'IR, n. A compound tincture ; refined spirit. 

E-LIZ-A-BeTH'AN, a. Pertaining to Queen Eliz- 
abeth or her times. 

ELK, n. A large species of quadruped with pal- 
mated homs. 

ELL, n. A measure of length. The English ell is 
a yard and a quarter. 

EL-LiPSE', n. An oval figure. [or more words. 

EL-LTP'SIS. n. In grammar, an omission of one 

EL-LiP'SOID, n. A solid elliptical body. 

EL-LiP'TI€, I a. Like an ellipse; oval; hav- 

EL-LiP'TI€-AL,] ing a part omitted. 

ELM, n. A large, gracefully-spreading tree. 

EL-O-Cu'TION, n. Utterance ; delivery of words ; 
manner of delivery. In ancient treatises on ora- 
tory, the choice and order of words. 

EL-O-Cu'TION-A-RY, a. Belonging to or contain- 
ing elocution. 

EL-0-€u'TION-IST, n. One versed in elocution, 
or who treats of the subject. [dead. 

+E-L5GE' (fi-16zhe'), n. LF/\] A panegyric on the 

E-L6N g 'GaTE (-long'gate), v. t. To lengthen; to 
remove farther ; v. i. to depart from ; to recede. 

E-L6N g -Ga'TION Mong-ga'shun), n. A lengthen- 
ing; distance; departure; in astronomy, reces- 
sion of a planet from the sun as seen from our 
earth ; in surgery, lengthening of a limb from dis- 
ease £>v injury, or in reducing a fractured bone, 
&c. 



E-LoPE', v. i. To run away secretly, or quit with- 
out permission. 

E-LoPE'MENT, n. A secret, unallowed departure. 

EL'O-QL'ENCE, n. Oratory; the expression of 
strong emotion so as to excite like emotions in 
the minds of others ; forcible language. 

EL'O-QUENT, a. Speaking with eloquence; hav- 
ing power to express strong emotion vividly and 
appropriately ; marked by vigor, fluency, and ani- 
mation, [affect and persuade. 

EL'O-QUENT-LY, ad. With eloquence; so as to 

ELSE, a. or pron. Other; one or something be- 
side ; ad. otherwise ; in the other case. 

ELSE' WHERE (-hwure), ad. In some other place. 

E-Lu'CI-DaTE, v. t. To explain ; to make clear. 

E-LU-CI-Da'TION, n. The art of throwing light 
on an obscure subject; exposition; illustration. 

E-LO'CI-Da-TiVE, a. Making clear. 

E-Lu'CI-Da-TOR, n. One who explains. 

E-Lu'CI-Da-TO-RY, a. Tending to throw light or 
explain. 

E-LuDE' (2S), v. t. To escape or avoid by artifice. — 
Sy_n. To avoid ; evade ; escape ; shun ; flee ; mock. 

E-LuD'1-BLE, a. That may be eluded. 

E-Lu'$ION (e-lu'zhun), n. Escape by arts, &c. ; 
evasion. 

E-Lu'SIVE, a. Practicing elusion; evasive. 

E-Lu'SO-RY, a. Tending to elude or deceive ; fal- 
lacious. _ 

E-Lu'TRI-aTE, v. t. To purify by washing. 

ELVES, n. pi. See Elf. [delicious ; blissful. 

E-LYS'IAN (e-lizh'e-an), a. Pertaining to Elysium ; 

E-LYS'IUM (e-llzh'e-um), n. Place of delight in 
ancient mythology for happy souls after death. 

eL'Y-TRON, n.; pi. el'y-tea. The sheath or 
wing-case of an insect. 

EM. The letter m, being a square type, is taken 
by printers as a measure of the amount of matter 
in a page. 

E-Ma'CIaTE, v. i. To lose flesh gradually; to 
waste away ; to decay. 

E-Ma'CIATE, > „- . ., 

E-Ma'CIa-TED,; a - Thin; wasted. 

E-MA-CI-a'TION (-ma-she-a'shun), n. The act or 
state of making or becoming lean by a gradual 
waste of flesh. 

EM'A-NANT, a. Issuing; flowing from. 

LM'A-XaTE, v. t. To flow or proceed from. 

EM-A-Na'TION, n. Act of flowing from; that 
which flows ; product ; effluvium. 

eM'A-Na-TiVE, a. Tending to flow from. 

E-MaN'CI-PaTE, v. t. To set free from slavery ; 
to set free from restraint of any kind. 

E-MaN'CI-PATE, \ a. Freed from bondage ; 

E-MaN'CI-Pa-TED,| set at liberty. 

E-MAN-CI-Pa'TION, n. Setting free from slave- 
ry or subjection. — Syn. Liberation; release; free- 
dom ; deliverance. 

E-MaN'CI-Pa-TOR, n. One who frees from slave- 
ry or liberates from bondage or restraint. 

E-MaS'CU-LaTE, v. t. To castrate ; to deprive of 
manliness. 

E-MaS'GU-LATE, \ a. Unmanned ; deprived 

E-MAS'CU-La-TED, j of vigor ; weak. 

E-MAS-€U-La'TION, n. Castration ; unmanly 
weakness. 

EM-BaLE', v. t. To pack ; to make into packages. 

EM-BaLM' (em-biim'), v. t. To fill with aromatics, 
as a dead body for preservation ; to preserve with 
care and affection from loss or decay. 

EM-BXLM'ER, n. One who embalms. 

EM-BaNK', v. t. To inclose with a bank ; to de- 
fend by banks, &c. 

EM-BANK'MENT, n. The act of inclosing or de- 
fending with a bank ; a mound thrown up. [ing. 

EM-BaR'GO, n. Prohibition of vessels from sail- 

EM-BaR'GO, v. t. To stop or hinder ships from 
sailing in or out of port. 

EM-BXRK', v. i. To go on board a ship, boat, or 
vessel ; to engage or take a share in any business ; 



dove, wolf, hook : 



eule, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; (i as j ; s as z ; oh as sh ; this. * Not English. 



EMB 



140 



EMI 



V. t. to cause to enter on board a ship; to engage 
in any affair. [board. 

EM-BaR-Ka'TTON, n. A going or putting on 

EM-BaR'RASS, v. t. Literally, to bar up ; hence, 
to disconcert by some sudden check or unpleas- 
ant occurrence ; to strike with painful confusion 
of mind. — Sybt. To puzzle; perplex. — We are 
puzzled when our faculties are confused by some- 
thing we do not understand ; we are perplexed 
when our feelings as well as judgment are so af- 
fected that we know not how to decide or act; 
we are embarrassed when there is some bar or 
hinderance upon us which impedes our powers of 
thought, speech, or motion. A school-boy is puz- 
zled by a difficult sum ; a reasoner is perplexed by 
the subtleties of his opponent ; a youth is some- 
times so embarrassed by the presence of strangers 
as to lose his presence of mind. 

EM-BaR'RASS-ING, a. Perplexing ; confound- 
ing ; tending to perplex or abash. 

EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, n. Perplexity ; distress ; 
state of confusedness. 

EM-BaS'SA-DOR, n. A public minister of the first 
rank, employed by one prince or state at the court 
of another to manage the public concerns of his 
own prince or state, and representing the power 
and dignity of his sovereign. [bassador. 

EM-BAS-SA-Do'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an em- 

EM'BAS-SY, n. A public message or commission 
to a foreign nation ; the persons by whom it is 
sent or their residence. 

EM-BaT'TLE, v. t. To set in order of battle ; v. i. 
to be ranged in order of battle. 

EM-BAY' (em-baO, v. t. To close in a bay or inlet. 

EM-BSD', v. t. To lay as in a bed. 

EM-BE D'DED, a. Deposited; inlaid; sunk in 
surrounding matter. 

EM-BeL'LISH, v. t. To adorn ; to make beautiful 
or elegant by ornaments. See Adorn. 

EM-BeL'LISH-MENT, n. Ornament ; decoration. 

eM'BER-DaYS, \ n. pi. Days and weeks in 

EM'BER-WEEKS,[ Episcopal churches special- 
ly devoted to fasting and prayer. 

eM'BERS, n. pi. Hot cinders; ashes with fire. 

EM-BeZ'ZLE (-buz'zl), v. t. To take another's 
property intrusted to one's care ; to waste. 

EM-BeZ'ZLE-MENT, n. Unlawful appropriation 
of what is intrusted to one's care. 

EM-BeZ'ZLER, n. One who embezzles. 

EM-BiT'TER. See Embitter, [ments. 

EM-BLaZE', v. t. To adorn with glittering orna- 

EM-BLa'ZON (em-bla'zn), v. t. To adorn with fig- 
ures of heraldry; to deck in glaring colors; to 
display. [adorns. 

EM-BLa'ZON-ER, n. One who emblazons or 

EM-BLa'ZON-RY, n. Display of figures on shields. 

EM'BLEM, n. A picture imaging forth a truth or 
lesson by some figure or scene ; painted enigma ; 
a type or figure. 

EM-BLEM-aT'IO, \ a. Consisting in an em- 

EM-BLE M-aT'I€-AL, j* blem ; representin g by a 
figure ; using emblems. [blems. 

EM-BLEM-aT'I€-AL-LY, ad. By means of em- 

EM-BLeM'A-TIST, n. A writer or deviser of em- 
blems, [land sown, &c. 

EM'BLE-MENTS, n. pi. The products or fruits of 

EM'BLEM-lZE, 7 v. t. To represent by em- 

EM-BLeM'A-TIZE,j blems. 

EM-BLOOM', v. t. To cover or enrich with bloom. 

EM-BoD'I^D (-bod'id), pp. or a. Collected or 
formed into a body; invested with a body. 

EM-BoD'Y, v. t. To form into a body or collection. 

EM-BoD'Y, v. i. To unite in a body or collection. 

EM-BoLD'jEN (-bol'dn), v. t. To give boldness to ; 
to make daring. 

EM'BO-LUS, n. Something inserted or acting in 
another ; a piston or driver. 

*EM-BON-POINT' (ang-bong-pwa'), n. {French.] 
Plumpness of body or person. 

EM-B6R'DER, v. t. To adorn with a border. 



EM-Bo'SOM, v. t. See Imbosom. 

EM-B6SS', v. t. To adorn with raised work ; to 
form bosses or protuberances; to fashion in re- 
lief. 

EM-BoSSi?D' (-bosf), a. Covered with raised fig- 
ures; in botany, projecting like a boss. 

EM-B6SS'MENT, n. Raised work ; a protuber- 
ance, [ties. 

EM-BoT'TLE, v. t. To put into or confine in bot- 

EM-BOW'EL, v. t. To take out the bowels. 

EM-BO W'ER, v. i. To lodge in a bower ; v. t to 
cover or surround with a bower; to shelter with 
trees. 

EM-BRaCE', v.t. To take in the arms; to encir- 
cle ; to seize eagerly ; to adopt. — Syn, To clasp ; 
hug ; inclose ; comprehend ; include ; comprise ; 
contain; encompass. 

EM-BRaCE', n. Inclosure or clasp with the arms. 

EM-BRaCE'MENT, n. Act of embracing ; a clasp. 

EM-BRa'CER, n. One who embraces ; one who at- 
tempts to corrupt a jury. 

EM-BRa'CER- Y, n. Attempt to corrupt a jury. 

EM-BRa'SURE (em-bra'zhur), n. An opening in 
a wall through which cannon are fired ; a widen- 
ed space around a door or window. 

eM'BRO-CaTE, v. t. To moisten and rub a dis- 
eased part with a liquid, as oil, spirits, &c. 

EM-BRO-€a'TION, n. A moistening and rubbing 
with cloth or sponge, &c. 

EM-BROID'ER, v. t. To border or adorn with or- 
namental needle-work or figures. 

EM-BROID'ER-ER, n. One who ornaments with 
or works in gold, silver, or silk thread. 

EM-BROID'ER- Y, n. Variegated needle-work. 

EM-BROIL', v. t. To intermix confusedly; to in- 
volve in trouble by connection with something 
else. — Syn. To entangle ; perplex ; disturb ; dis- 
tract, [plexity, or confusion. 

EM-BROIL'MENT, n. A state of contention, per- 

EM-BRuE'. See Imbrue. 

eM'BRY-O, \ n. The rudiments of an animal or 

EM'BRY-ON,j plant not distinctly formed; a. 
pertaining to or noting any thing in its first rudi- 
ments. 

EM-BRY-oL'O-gY, ii. The science which treats 
of things in their embryo state. 

E-MeND'A-BLE, a. Capable of being amended. 

EM-EN-Da'TION, n. Correction of a fault. 

eM'EN-Da-TOR, n. One who corrects errors or 
improves. 

E-MeND'A-TO-RY, a. Contributing to amend. 

eM'E-RALD, n. A gem of a bright green color; 
a kind of printing type between minion and non- 
pareil, [id. 

E-MeRgE' (13), v. L To issue ; to rise out of a flu- 

E-MeR'gENCE, \ n. A rising out of; exigence ; 

E-MeR'gEN-CY,j pressing necessity. 

E-MeR'gENT, a. Rising out of ; coming in sight - % 
unexpected ; urgent. 

E-MeR'I-TUS, n. ; pi. E-mer'i-tT. One who has 
been honorably discharged from the public serv- 

EM'E-RODS, n. Hemorrhoids ; piles. [ice. 

E-MeR'SION, n. Act of rising out of a fluid. In 
astronomy, reappearance of the ''moon or a star 
after an eclipse, or any thing that has been hid by 
the sun's light. [ishing metals, &c. 

EM'ER-Y, n. A variety of corundum used in pol- 

E-MeT'IC, a. That provokes vomiting ; n. medi- 

_ cine_that excites vomiting. 

E'MEu,_n. A large bird like the cassowary. 

+E-MEuTE' (a-muf), n. [Fr.] A seditious commo- 
tion; a mob. [ed iron ; a sparkling. 

EM-I-Ca'TION, n. A flying off in sparks, as heat- 

E-MIC'TION, n. Discharge of urine. 

EM'I-GRANT, a. Removing or having removed 
from one country to another for residence. 

EM'I-GRANT, n. One who quits his residence in 
one country for another. 

£M'I-GRaTE, v. i. To leave one country or state 
to reside in another. 



i, e, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



EMI 



141 



ENA 



EM-I-GRa'TION, n. The changing of residence 
from one state or country to another. 

EM'I-NENCE, I n. Arising ground ; distinction ; 

eM1-NEN-CY,| notice; title of honor. 

EM'I-NENT, a. Literally, rising aloft ; hence, ex- 
altation in rank; high in public estimation. — 
Syn. Distinguished; conspicuous; celebrated. 
See Distinguished. [degree. 

EM'I-XENT-LY, ad. Conspicuously; in a high 

L'MIR, X n. A title of dignity among the Turks 

E-MEER',} and Mohammedans. 

EM'IS-SA-RY, n. A secret agent ; a spy ; one sent 
on a mission. [is sent out. 

E-MiS'SION (-mish'un), n. A sending out; what 

E-MiT', v. t. To send out; to throw out; to issue 
or put into circulation, as notes or bills of credit. 

EM'MET, 71. A pismire; an ant. 

EM-OL-LeS'CEXCE, n. That first degree of soft- 
ness in a fusible body which alters its shape. 

E-M6L'LI-aTE, v. t. To soften ; to render effem- 
inate. 

E-M6LI/IEXT (-mol'yent), a. Softening ; making 
supple; relaxing solids; n. a warm, alleviating 
application, oily or mucilaginous, &c. Qaxing. 

EM-OL-Li"TIOX (-lish'un), n. A softening or re- 

E-MoL'i;-MEXT, n. Profit from an office or em- 
ployment. — Syn. Gain; income; advantage. 

E-MOL-u-MeXT'AL, a. Producing profit. 

E-Mo'TIOX, n. Literally, a moving of the soul ; 
hence, awakened sensibility ; excitement of the 
mind. — Syn. Feeling; agitation. — Feeling is the 
weaker term, and may be of the body or the 
mind; emotion is of the mind alone, being the 
excited action of some inward susceptibility or 
feTing, as an emotion of pity, terror, &c. Agi- 
tation may be bodily or mental, and usually arises 
in the latter case from a vehement struggle be- 
tween contending desires or emotions. 

E-MG'TiVE ^'1" a ' Ptrtaini "g t0 emotion. 

EM-PaLE', v. t. To inclose with pickets or pales ; 
to put to death by fixing on a stake. 

EM-PaLE'MEXT, n. A fortifying with stakes ; 
the calyx of a flower; a putting to death by 
thrusting a stake into the body. 

EM-PAX'EL, n. A list of jurors. See Panel. 

EM-PaX'EL, v. t. See Impanel. 

EM -PaRK', v. t. To inclose in a park. 

EM'PEE-OR, n. The sovereign of an empire. 

EM'PHA-SIS, n. ; pi. em'pha-se$. Stress of utter- 
ance given to a word or part of a discourse in- 
tended tobe impressed specially on an audience. 

EM'PHA-SiZE, v. t. To pronounce with a partic- 
ular force of voice, and so render the meaning 
more distinct and impressive. 

EM-PHaT'I€, X a. Forcible ; strong ; uttered 

EM-PHaT'IC-ALJ with emphasis. 

EM-PHaT'I€-AL-LY, ad. With emphasis or force. 

EM-PHY-SL'MA, n. A puffy tumor. 

EM'PiRE, n. Supreme power in governing ; do- 
minions of an emperor; region under control. — 
Syn. Sway; dominion; rule; sovereignty. 

fiM'PIR-IC or EM-PiETC, n. A pretended phy- 
sician ; a quack. 

EM-PIRTC, X a. Used and applied without 

EM-PiR'I€-AL,j science; as applied to philoso- 
phy, that of experiment or facts in opposition to 
merely hypothetic or theoretic. [quack. 

EM-PIR'I€-AL-LY, ad. Experimentally; as a 

EM-PiR'I-CISM, n. Dependence on experience 
without learning or art ; quackery. 

EM-PLAS'TER (6), v. t. To cover with plaster. 

EM-PLAS'TI€, a. Viscous ; adhesive ; applied to 
remedies which adhere to the surface they are 
laid on. 

EM-PLOY', v. t. To use ; to use as an instrument, 
means, or materials; to engage in one's service; 
to devote to an object; to keep at work or busy 
one's self. [ice for another. 

EM-PLOY', n. Business ; occupation ; office ; serv- 



EM-PLOY-E' (iing-ploy-a'). One who is employed 
in the service of another. 

EM-PLOY'ER, n. One who employs, uses, or 
keeps in service. 

EM-PLOY'MENT, n. The act of using; that 
which engages the head or hands ; business ; of- 
fice. 

EM-POI'SON (-poi'zn), v. t. To poison ; to destroy 
by poison ; to render noxious ; to deprive of sweet- 
ness^ 

EM-Po'RI-UM, 7i. ;pl. Em-pO'ri-ums or Em-po'bi-a. 
A place of merchandise ; a mart. 

EM-POV'ER-ISH. See Impoverish. 

EM-POWER, v. t. To authorize; to give legal 
power to ; to enable. . 

EM'PRESS, n. The wife of an emperor, or a fe- 
male with imperial power. 

EM-PRISE', n. An undertaking; an enterprise. 

EMP'TI-NESS, n. State of containing nothing; 
void space; unsatisfactoriness ; want of intellect. 

EMP'TY, a. Void; unfurnished; unsubstantial; 
unsatisfactory; without effect; hungry; waste; 
barren. 

EMP'TY, v. t. To make void ; to exhaust ; v. i. to 
pour out or discharge its contents; to become 
empty. 

eMP'TY-INGS, n. pi. Lees of beer, cider, &c. 

EM-P?R'E-AL,| a. Refined beyond aerial mat- 

EM-PY-Re'AN,J ter; formed of pure air and 
light; heavenly; n. the highest heaven, where 
pure fire was supposed to exist. 

EM-PY-REu-MaT'IO, \ a. Having the taste 

EM-PY-REu-MaT'I€-AL, / or smell of slightly 
burned animal or vegetable substances. 

eM'u-LaTE, v. t. To vie with ; to strive to equal 
or excel. 

EM-u-La'TION, n. Effort to equal or surpass; 
desire of superiority. — Syn. Competition; rival- 
ry. — Competition is the struggle of two or more 
persons for the same object ; emulation is an ar- 
dent desire for superiority arising from competi- 
tion, but not implying, of necessity, any improp- 
er feeling ; rivalry is a, personal contest, and al- 
most, of course, gives rise to envy, resentment, or 
detraction. [riority. 

eM'u-La-TiVE, a. Inclined to contend for supe- 

eM'u-La-TOR, n. One who strives to equal or ex- 

E-MuL'gENT, a. Milking or draining out. [eel. 

EM'u-LOUS, a. Rivaling; desirous to excel. 

EM'u-LOUS-LY, ad. With desire to excel. 

E-MuL'SION (-miil'shun), n. A soft liquid remedy 
resembling milk, made by mixing oil and water 
by means of a saccharine or mucilaginous sub- 
stance, [like. 

E-MuL'SiVE, a. Softening; mollifying; milk- 

EN, a prefix, signifies usually in or on, and before 
b,p, or m is changed to em, as in embolden. 

EN-a'BLE, v. t. To furnish with power, means, 
or knowledge ; to authorize. 

EN-a'BLE-MENT, «. Act of enabling ; ability. 

EN-aOT', v. t. To make or pass, as a law ; to de- 
cree ; to sanction : to represent in action. 

EN-a€T'iVE, a. Having power to establish, as a 
law. 

EN-a€T'MENT, n. The passing of a bill into a 

EX-a€T'OR, ti. One who passes a law. 

E-NaL'LA-6E (e-nal'la-je), n. A figure in gram- 
mar by which one gender, case, mood, &c, of the 
same word is changed for another. 

EX-aM'EL, n. A substance imperfectly vitrified, 
or like glass, with greater fusibility or opacity; 
the smooth, hard cover on the visible part of the 
teeth. 

EX-aM'EL, v. t. To cover or to paint in enamel ; 
to make glossy. 

EN-aM'EL, v. i. To use enamel, or practice the 
art of laying on enamel. 

EN-aM'EL-AR, a. Like enamel ; hard and smooth. 

EN-AM'EL-ER, 7i. One who lays on enamels or 
inlays colors. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; EDLE, BULL ; Vl"ciOUS. — € as K ; 



s as z ; ch as sh ; this. * Nat English. 



ENA 



142 



END 



EN-AM'EL-ING, n. The act or art of laying on 
enamel. 

EN-aM'OR, v. t. To inflame with love ; to charm. 

EN-€agE', v. t. To confine in a cage. 

EN-CAMP', v. t To pitch tents for lodging ; v. i. 
to form into a camp. 

EN-CAMP'MENT, n. Act of pitching tents or 
place where troops lodge ; a camp. 

EN-CaSE'. See Incase. 

EN-GAUS'TI€, a. Literally, burned in; noting 
the process of infixing colored designs in a sur- 
face by strong heat, as encaustic tiles. 

EN-€aVE', n. To hide in a cave. 

+EN-CP:iNTE' (ang-sanf), a. IFr.] With child. 

+EN-CEINTE' (iing-sanf), n. An inclosure. 

EN-CE-PHAL'IC, a. Pertaining to the head. 

EN-CHaFE', v. t. To chafe ; to fret; to irritate. 

EN-CHaIN', v. t To fasten with a chain; to 
bind ; to fix the attention. 

EN-CHaIN'MENT, n. The act of enchaining. 

EN-CHANT' (6), v. t To affect with sorcery; to 
delight in the highest degree. — Syn. To charm ; 
captivate ; fascinate ; ravish ; enrapture. 

EN-CHANT'ER, n. One who enchants ; a sorcer- 
er or magician. 

EN-CHANT'lNG-LY, ad. In a way to fascinate. 

EN-CHANT'MENT, n. Fascination; magic 
charms; irresistible influence; extreme delight. 
— Syn. Incantation; sorcery; spell; witchery. 

EN-CHANT'RESS, n. A sorceress; a charming 
woman. 

EN-CHASE', v. t. To fix in another body; to 
adorn with embossed work; to cut in for orna- 
ment^ 

EN-CHaS^D' (-chaste'), a. Ornamented with 
figures, scroll-work, &c, in low relief, carved not 
cast. 

EN-CHi$'EL (-chiz'el), v. t. To cut with a chisel. 

EN-CHo'RI-AL, a. Popular or common ; demotic. 

EN-CiR'CLE (17), v. t. To inclose in a circle; to 
go circularly around ; to gather about in a crowd. 
— Syn. To embrace ; to encompass ; inclose ; en- 
viron; surround. 

EN-CLaSP' (6), v. t To clasp ; to embrace. 

EN-CLiTTG, n. In grammar, a particle which 
throws the accent upon the foregoing syllable ; a 
word which, joined to the end of another, may 
vary the accent. 

EN-€Lo$E'. See Inclose. 

EN-CLo$'uRE. See Inclosuee. [panegyrist. 

EN-Co'MI-AST, n. One who praises another ; a 

EN-CO-MI-AS'TI€, a. Bestowing laudatory 
praise. 

EN-€o'MI-UM, n. ; pi. En-co'mi-tjms or En-co'mi-a. 
A high commendation ; panegyric ; praise. See 
Eulogy. 

EN-€6M'PASS, v. t. To bring within a given cir- 
cuit or compass ; to go around ; to shut in and 
confine. — Syn. To encircle ; inclose ; surround ; 
environ ; invest ; hem in. 

EN-CoM'PASS-MENT, n. A surrounding. 

*EN-€oRE' (ong-k6re'), a. \_Fr.~] Again; a call for 
a repetition of a passage in a play, &c. ■ 

EN-€oRE', v. t. To call for a song or part to be 
given again. 

EN-€OUN'TER, n. A sudden or unexpected meet- 
ing ; a meeting in combat ; a sharp contest in 
words. — Syn. Conflict; fight; skirmish. 

EN-COUN'TER, v. t. To meet face to face; to 
meet in a hostile manner ; to meet and try to 
surmount, as obstacles ; v. i. to meet face to face ; 
to fight. 

EN-CoUR'A&E (-kur'aje), v. t. To inspire with 
courage or hope.— Syn. To embolden; inspirit; 
animate ; incite ; cheer ; urge on ; stimulate. 

EN-€oUR'AgE-MENT (-kur'aje-), n. Act of giv- 
ing courage or hope ; incitement ; incentive ; sup- 
port. 

EN-CGUR'A-gER, n. One who inspirits or excites 
to action. 



EN-COUR'A-GlNG (-kur'aj-ing), a. Furnishing 
ground to expect success; inspiring with hope. 

EN-CoUR'A-gING-LY, ad. So as to give hope of 
success. 

EN-CRiM'SON (-krim'zn), v. t. Tc tinge red. 

EN'CRI-NITE, n. A fossil of the star-fish family ; 
name_of stone lilies or lily-shaped fossils. 

EN-CRoACH' (-krocheO, v. i. To intrude on an- 
other's rights; to creep on gradually without 
right— -Syn. To trench upon ; infringe ; trespass. 

EN-CRoACH'ER, n. One who steals or intrudes on 
another's rights. 

EN-CRoACH'MENT, n. Unlawful intrusion. 

EN-COM'BER, v. t. To impede action by a load or 
burden. — Syn. To load; clog; embarrass; oppress. 

EN-CuM'BRANCE, n. Any thing that hinders or 
impedes action.— Syn. Load; clog; impediment; 
check ; hinderance. [places ; circular for many. 

EN-C^C'LIC-AL, a. Sent to many persons or 

EN-Cy-€LO-Pe'DI-A, X n. Circle of sciences ; a 

EN-CY-CLO-P^'DI-A,j work that embraces the 
facts and principles in all the branches of science 
and the arts. _ [circle of learning. 

EN-Cy-CLO-Pe'DI-AN, a. Embracing the whole 

EN-Cy-CLO-Pe'DIST, n. A compiler of an ency- 
clopedia, [cle, as a fluid or matter. 

EN-CyST'ED, a. Inclosed in a cyst, bag, or vesi- 

END, n. Extreme point; result; ultimate ob- 
ject; design; close; limit; cessation; final doom; 
death. 

END, v. t. To bring to an end ; to destroy or put 
to death. — Syn. To finish ; close ; terminate ; con- 
clude, [cease. 

END, v. i. To come to the ultimate point; to 

EN-D aM'AgE, v. t. To bring damage on ; to hurt ; 
to harm ; to injure. 

EN-DaN'gER, v. t. To expose to injury or loss. 

EN-DaN'gER-MENT, n. Hazard ; peril. 

EN-DeAR', v. t. To render dear or beloved. 

EN-DeAR'ING, a. Adapted to increase affection. 

EN-DeAR'MENT, n. That which excites tender 
affection ; fondness. 

EN-DeAV'OR (-dov'ur), n. A putting forth of one's 
powers for some specific end. — Syn. Effort; exer- 
tion ; struggle. — Endeavor is the Avidest term. 
An effort is a vigorous endeavor or taxing of our 
powers; an exertion (lit., straining) is a pecul- 
iarly earnest and prolonged effort ; a struggle is 
a violent and exhausting effort (lit, a twisting or 
contortion) of the body. — " Ordinary endeavors 
will not now avail ; every possible effort must be 
made ; we must strain all our exertions, and strug- 
gle to the utmost." 

EN-DeAV'OR, v. i. To exert strength of body or 
mind for accomplishing some object ; to make ef- 
fort. — Syn. To try ; attempt ; strive ; struggle ; 
labor ; v. t to try to effect ; to essay. 

EN-De'MI-AL, v a. • Peculiar to a people or na- 

EN-DeM'IC, >- tion ; domestic, as diseases 

EN-DeM'I€-AL,) which affect particular situa- 
tions or result from local causes. 

EN-DeN'I-ZjEN (-den'e-zn), v. t. To naturalize ; 
to admit to citizenship. , 

eND'ING, n. Termination; conclusion; in gram- 
mar, the last letter or syllable. 

EN-DITE'. See Indite. 

END'LESS, a. Having no end ; unlimited ; per- 
petual ; seemingly without end. 

fiND'LESS-LY, ad. Without end; incessantly. 

eN'DO-gEN, n. A plant the wood of whose stem 
increases by internal layers, with no evident dis- 
tinction between the bark and the wood. 

EN-Dog'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to endogens. 

EN-DOW', v. t To furnish with dower or with a 
fund ; to settle a provision on ; to enrich with 
gifts. 

EN-DOW'MENT, n. Act of settling dower or of 
creating a fund ; establishment of permanent sup- 
port; that which is bestowed or settled on; a 
fund ; a gift, quality, or faculty from the Creator. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cage, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maeine, isied; move, 



END 



143 



ENM 



EN-DDE'. See Indue. 

EN-DOR'A-BLE, a. That may be borne or suffered. 

EN-DuR'ANCE, n. A bearing without being over- 
come; continuance. — Syn. Sufferance; patience; 
fortitude. 

EN-DuRE', v. t. To support without breaking or 
yielding ; to bear with patience. — Syn. To sus- 
tain ; suffer ; undergo ; support ; tolerate ; brook. 

EN-DuRE', v. i. To last ; to abide in the same state 
without perishing. — Syn. To remain ; continue. 

KN'D'-WiSE, ad. On the end; with the end first. 

E-NE'ID, n. An heroic poem, written by Virgil, 
ofwhich Eneas is the hero. 

E-Ne'MA, n. A clyster; an injection. 

KN'E-MY, n. One hostile to another ; one who is 
opposed ; in war, the opposing force. — Syn. Foe ; 
adversary; antagonist; opponent. 

EN-ER-geT'I€, \ a. Operating with vigor and 

EN-ER-geT'IC-AL,/ effect, — Syn. Powerful ; 
forcible ; efficacious ; potent ; vigorous ; effect- 
ive; active. [fully. 

EN-ER-geT'I€-AL-LY, ad. With force; power- 

EN'ER-GiZE, v. t. To inspire with force or vigor ; 
v. i. to act with force. 

eN'ER-gY, n. Inherent power ; power vigorously 
exerted ; force of language or utterance. — Syn. 
Vigor ; _spirit ; resolution ; efficiency ; strength. 

E-NeR' VaTE, v.t. To deprive of vigor ; to weaken. 

E-NeR'VATE, \a. Enfeebled; having little or 

E-NeR'Va-TED, j no strength. 

EN-ER-Va'TION, n. Act of reducing strength. 

EN-FEE'BLE, v. t, To take away strength ; to re- 
duce vigor ; make feeble. [state. 

EN-FEE'BLE-MENT, n. A weakening; weak 

EN-FEOFF' (en-fSf), v. t. To give a fief; to invest 
with a fee. 

EN-FeOFF'MENT (-fef'ment), n. The act of giv- 
ing a fee simple of an estate; the deed that con- 
veys the fee. 

EN-FI-LaDE', n. A straight passage or line. 

EN-FI-LaDE', v. t. To pierce, scour, or rake with 
shot in the direction or through the whole of a 
line L 

EN-FoRCE', v. t. To strengthen; to compel; to 
put in execution ; to urge on. 

EN-FoRCE'MENT, n. Act of enforcing; compul- 
sion ; that which gives force ; exigence. 

EN-FoR'CER, 11. One who compels ; one who car- 
ries into effect, 

EN-FRaN'CHi$E (en-fran'chiz), v. t. To set free; 
to make free of a corporation; to admit to the 
privilege of a free citizen. 

EN-FRAN'CHiSE-MENT, n. Act of making free 
or of release. 

EN-GagE', v. t. To bind ; to stake as a pledge ; 
to enlist ; to join ; to attract and fix ; to occupy ; 
to encounter in combat ; to enter upon ; to prom- 
ise ; v. i. to begin to fight ; to embark in any busi- 
nessj to bind one' s self. • 

EN-Ga&UD", a. Earnestly employed; zealous; 
pledged in marriage. 

EN-Gag'ED-NESS, n. Great zeal ; animation. 

EN-GagE'MENT, n. Obligation by agreement ; a 
pledge in marriage; occupation; employment; 
battle. 

EN-Gag'ING, a. Winning ; attractive. 

EN-geN'DER, v. t. To beget; to produce; v. i. to 
be begotten, caused, or produced. 

EN'GiNE (Sn'jin), n. A machine in which two or 
more mechanical powers are combined ; an instru- 
ment of action ; means; an agent. 

EN-gI-NEER', n. One skilled in mechanics, or 
who takes charge of an engine, or manages can- 
non ; a civil engineer is one who superintends the 
construction of aqueducts, rail-roads, canals, &c. 

EN-GI-NEER'ING, n. The art or profession of 
an engineer. 

eN'giNE-RY (en'jin-ry), a. Management of artil- 
lery and of engines in general. 

EN-GiRD', v. t. Lpret. and pp. Engirded, En- 



girt.] To encompass; to reach around; to en- 
circle. 

EN G 'GLISH (ing'glish), a. From Angles, a tribe 
of Germans who settled in Britain. Pertaining 
to England. [gland. 

EN G 'GrLISH, n. The people or language of En- 

EN-GLfT', v. t. To swallow ; to fill. 

EN-GoRgE', v. t. To gorge ; to swallow greeilily ; 
to devour; v. i. to feed with eagerness or vorac- 

EN-GRAFT'. See Ingkaft. [ity. 

EN-GRaIL', v. t. To variegate or to spot, as with 
hail. _ [material. 

EN-GRaIN', v. t. To dye in grain or in the raw 

EN-GRAP'PLE, v. t, To lay fast hold of; to seize. 

EN-GRASP' (G), v. t. To seize with the hand strong- 
ly ; to hold fast on ; to gripe. 

EN-GRaVE', v. t. lpret. Engraved; pp. En- 
graved, Engraven.] To cut with a chisel or 
graver; to picture by incisions; to imprint; to 
impress deeply. [graved work. 

EN-GRaVE'MENT, n. The act of engraving ; en- 

EN-GRaV'-EN (-gra'vn), a. Cut with a chisel ; im- 
printed ; strongly impressed. 

EN-GRaV'ER, n. One who engraves. *■ 

EN-GRaV'ING, n. The act or art of cutting 
stones, &c. ; that which is engraved ; a print. 

EN-GRoSS', v. t. To take in undue quantities or 
degrees ; to seize or buy the whole ; to write in a 
fair hand. — Syn. To absorb; swallow up; occu- 
py; seize on; monopolize; forestall. 

EN-GRoSS'ER, n. One who monopolizes ; one 
who writes a fair copy. 

EN-GRoSS'MENT, n. Act of engrossing; exorbi- 
tant acquisition. [whirlpool. 

EN-GuLF', v. t. To throw or absorb in a gulf or 

EN-HANCE' (6), v. t. To raise to a higher point; 
to advance ; to increase. 

EN-HANCE'MENT, n. Raising to a higher point ; 
increase ; aggravation. 

E-NiG'MA, n. A riddle ; obscure expression. 

E-NIG-MAT'IC, \ a. Containing a riddle ; ob- 

E-NIG-MaT'IC-AL,(" scure; ambiguous. 

E-NIG-MAT'I€-AL-LY,ad. Obscurely; in a sense 
different from common acceptation. [mas. 

E-MG'MA-TIST, 11. A maker or dealer in enig- 

E-NiG'MA-TiZE, v. i. To deal in riddles. 

EN-JOIN', v. t. To command; to order; to urge 
upon ; in laic, to require judicially. 

EN-JOIN'MENT, n. Direction; command. 

EN-JOY', v. t. To feel pleasure; to possess and 
use with satisfaction. 

EN-JOY'A-BLE, a. Capable of being enjoyed. 

EN-JOY'MENT, n. Agreeable sensations ; pos- 
session of any thing to be desired. 

EN-KiN'DLE, v. t. To set on fire ; to inflame ; to 
rouse to action. 

EN-LaEgE', v. t. To make greater; to expand; 
to set at liberty; to increase. 

EN-LaRgE', v. i. To grow large; to expatiate. 

EN-LaRgE'MENT, n. Increase; extension; ex- 
pansion ; release ; diffusiveness. 

EN-LlGHT'-EN (en-li'tn), v. t. To make or shed 
light; to give clearer views; to illuminate; to 
instruct. 

EN-L!GHT'^N-ER (-ll'tn-er), n. He or that which 
gives light to the eye or clearer views to the mind. 

EN-LIGHT'jBN-MENT (-li'tn-), n. Act of enlight- 
ening or state of being enlightened. 

EN-LTNK', v. t. To bind together ; to chain to. 

EN-LIST', v. t. To register a name; to unite firm- 
ly in a cause ; v. i. to engage in public service ; 
to devote one's self to an object. 

EN-LiST'MENT,?i. Act of enrolling or engaging; 
a register. [to cheer. 

EN-L!Vi?N (-li'vn), v. t. To animate ; to excite ; 

EN-LIVJ5N-ER, n. One who animates or cheers. 

EN-MXR'BLE, v. t. To make hard as marble. 

+EN MASSE' (iing-mass'), IFr.] In a mass or 
body. 

EN-MSSH', v. t. To catch in a net; to entangle. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; RULE, BULL ', Vl"ciOUS. — O as K ; 



G as j ; s as z : 



en as sii ; tuis. + Xot English. 



ENM 



144 



ENT 



£N'MI-TY, n. The condition of being an enemy; 
state of opposition. — Syn. Hatred; ill-will; hos- 
tility; animosity; malignity. 

EN-No'BLE, v. t. To make noble ; to dignify. 

EN-No'BLE-MENT, n. Exaltation ; act of advanc- 
ing to nobility or excellence. [tude ; disgust. 

+EN-NUI' (iing-weeO, n. [Fr.~] Weariness ; lassi- 

E-NoR'MI-TY, n. Some monstrous excess of 
wrong; flagitious crime or villainy. — Syn. Atroc- 
ity; foulness; nefariousness. 

E-N6R'MOUS, a. Literally, against all law or 
rule ; hence, beyond all natural or ordinary lim- 
its. — Syn. Immense; excessive. — We speak of a 
thing as enormous when it overpasses its ordina- 
ry law of existence, and becomes, so to speak, 
abnormal in its magnitude, degree, &c, as a man 
of enormous strength ; a deed of enormous wick- 
edness. Immense and excessive are figurative 
terms used to intensify, and are somewhat indef- 
inite in their degree of strength. [ure. 

E-NoR'MOUS-LY, ad. Excessively ; beyond meas- 

E-NoR'MOU S-NESS, n. State of being excessive ; 
greatness beyond measure ; atrociousness. 

E-NOUGH' (e-nuf), a. [Stoic.] Sufficient; that sat- 
isfies. 

E-NOUGH' [anciently e-now'] (e-rnif), n. Suffi- 
ciency ; as much as one desires. 

E-NOUGH', ad, Sufficiently ; fully ; quite. 

EN-QUIRE'. See Inquire. [rious. 

EN-Ra6E', v. t. To provoke to fury ; to make fu- 

EN-RANK', v. t. To place in rank or order ; to 
give rank to. [pleasure. 

EN-RAPT'uRE (-rapt'yur), v. t To transport with 

EN-RAV'ISH, v. t. To" throw into ecstasy. 

EN-RAV'ISH-MENT, n. Ecstasy of delight. 

EN-Reg'IS-TER, v.i. To register; to enroll or 
record. 

EN-RICH', V. t. To make wealthy; to fertilize; 
to store ; to add anything splendid or ornamental. 

EN-RiCH'MENT, n. Increase of wealth, fertility, 
or ornament. [perfection. 

EN-RiP'i?N (rl'pn), v. t. To mature; to bring to 

EN-R5BE', v. t. To clothe with rich dress; to at- 
tire ; to array. 

EN-RoLL', v. t. To write in a register ; to enter a 
name in a list; to leave in writing; to wrap 
around. 

EN-RoLL'MENT, n. A registering ; a record. 

EN-ROOT', v. t. To implant deep ; to fix by the root. 

+EN RoUTE' (ang-roof), [Fr.] On the way. 

ENS. [L.] Being; existence; entity. 

EN-SAM'PLE, n. An example ; a pattern. 

EN-SaN g 'GUiNE (en-sang'gwin), v. t. To stain or 
cover with blood. 

EN-S€oNCE' (en-skonce'), v. t. To shelter or cov- 
er; to protect; to secure or hide. 

EN-SeAL', v. t. To fix a seal on ; to impress. 

EN-SeAM', v. t. To inclose by a seam ; to sew up. 

EN-SeAR', v. t. To close or stop up by burning to 

*EN-SEM'BLE (ang-sam'bl), IFr.] Together; all 
the parts taken together ; in the fine arts, the 
general effect of the whole without reference to 
the parts. [to protect. 

EN-SHIeLD' (-sheeld'), v. t. To shield ; to cover ; 

EN-SHRiNE', v. t. To inclose in a shrine ; to lay 
up choicely ; to preserve with care and love. 

EN'SI-FORM, a. Sword-shaped. 

EN'SIGN (Sn'slne), n. A banner ; a national flag 
or standard ; a badge ; a mark of rank or office ; 
the officer that carries the flag. 

EN'SiGN-CY (en'sine-sy), n. The rank, office, or 
commission of an ensign. 

EN-SLaVE', v. t. To deprive of liberty ; to sub- 
ject ; to reduce to servitude. 

EN-SLaVE'MENT, n. Act of reducing to bondage. 

EN-SNARE'. See Insnare. 

EN-SPHkRE', v. t To place in a sphere. 

EN-STAMP', v. t. To impress with a stamp ; to 
impress deeply. 



EN-SuE' (en-su'), v. i. To follow as a consequence ; 

EN-SuRE'. Se_e Insure. [to succeed. 

EN-TAB'LA-TuRE, n. In architecture, the assem- 
blage of the parts of an order above the column 
embracing the architrave, the frieze, and the cor- 
nice^ 

EN-TaIL', n. An estate limited to particular 
heirs ; rule of descent so fixed. 

EN-TAIL', v. t. To settle an estate so as to de- 
scend to a particular heir. 

EN-TAIL'MENT, n. Act of settling an estate on 
a man and particular heirs. 

EN-TAN a 'GLE (-tang'gl), v. t. To twist and inter- 
weave so as not to be easily separated; to in- 
snare ; to perplex ; to multiply intricacies and 
difficulties ; to involve. 

EN-TAN G 'GLE-MENT (-tang'gl-), n. Perplexity; 
intricacy. 

EN-TaN g 'GLER, n. A person who perplexes. 

EN'TER, v. t. To go or come in ; to admit or in- 
troduce ; to write down ; to enroll ; to lodge a 
manifest of goods at the custom-house. 

EN'TER, v. i. To go in or come in ; to pierce ; to 
engage in ; to be initiated in ; to be an ingredient. 

EN'TER-ING, a. Beginning ; making way for 
something; n. an entrance ; a passage. 

EN-TE-Ri'TIS, n. Inflammation of the bowels. 

EN'TER-PRISE, n. An undertaking; attempt, 
particularly a bold and hazardous one. 

EN'TER-PRISE, -d. t. To take in hand ; to at- 
tempt to perform. [lute to undertake. 

EN'TER-PEiS-ING, a. Bold; adventurous; reso- 

EN-TER-TaIN', v. t. To furnish with table and 
lodgings ; to treat ; to amuse with conversation ; 
to consider ; to maintain with favor. See Amuse. 

EN-TER-TaIN'ER, v. t. He who receives compa- 
ny, &c. ; one who diverts or pleases. 

EN-TER-TaIN'ING, a. Adapted to please— Syn. 
Amusing; diverting; enlivening; sportive. 

EN-TER-TaIN'ING-LY, ad. Amusingly ; divert- 
ingly. 

EN-TER-TaIN'MENT, n. Treatment ; amuse- 
ment ; provisions of the table ; reception or ad- 
mission ; that which serves for diversion. — Syn. 
Recreation ; pastime ; feast ; banquet ; repast. 

EN-THRALL'. See Inthrall. 

EN-THRoNE', v. t. To place on a throne ; to exalt. 

EN-THRoNE'MENT, n. Act of enthroning. 

EN-THu'SI-ASM (-thu'ze-azm), n. An ardent zeal 
in respect to some object or pursuit: the word is 
now used chiefly in a good sense, or at least to in- 
dicate only some excess of zeal and confidence. — 
Syn. Fanaticism. — Enthusiasm was formerly 
used for heat of imagination, especially in relig- 
ion; but this sense is now more commonly con- 
fined to fanaticism, which denotes wild and ex-* 
travagant notions on this subject, often leading 
to the most dangerous delusions. Fanaticism is 
also sometimes extended to other subjects besides 
religion. 

EN-TH u'SI-AST, n. One animated by enthusiasm. 

EN-THu-$I-AST'IO, 1 a. Filled with enthu- 

EN-THu-SI-AST'IG-ALJ siasm ; full of ardor 
and zeal; elevated. [and warmth. 

EN-THu-$I-AST'I€-AL-LY, ad. With great zeal 

eN'THY-MeME, n. In logic, an argument having 
one premise exp-essed, the other beingunderstood. 

EN-TiCE', v. t. To incite to evil ; to seduce ; to al- 
lure. See Allure. 

EN-TiCE'MENT, n. t Instigation; means of incit- 
ing to evil; temptation; allurement. 

EN-TiG'ER, n. One who incites to evil. 

EN-TlC'ING-LY, ad. With instigation to evil ; in 
a way to win or charm. 

EN-TIRE', a. Forming an unbroken whole ; com- 
plete in its parts ; comprising all requisite in it- 
self, as joy entire; unmingled ; not shared by oth- 
ers, as entire control. — Syn. Complete; unbrok- 
en ; full ; n. that which is entire or unmingled, as 
Barclay's entire, a kind of porter. See Complete. 



a, e, &c, 



. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



ENT 



115 



EPI 



EN-TiRE'LY, ad. Wholly ; fully ; faithfully. 
EX-TiRE'XESS, n. Wholeness ; completeness ; 

unbroken form or state; integrity. 
EX-Ti'TLE, v. t. To give a title or right to ; to 

prefix as a title ; to style. — Syn. To name ; des- 
ignate ; denominate. 
fiN'TI-TY, re. Real being or essence. 
EN-ToMB' (en-toomO, V. t. To deposit in a tomh. 
EN-TO-MoL'O-gIST, n. One versed in entomol- 

ogv. [which treats of insects. 

EX-f O-M0L/O-6Y, n. That branch of science 
EX'TRAILS (.n'tralz), n. pi. The bowels ; the in- 

t -.-tines. 
EX'TRAXGE, n. A going or coming in; the door 

or passage; a taking possession ; beginning. 
EX-TRAXCE' (6), v. L To put into an ecstasy; to 

enrapture. [by artifice. 

EX-TRAP', v. t. To insnare ; to entangle ; to catch 
EX-TREAT', v. t. To beg earnestly ; v. i. to make 

earnest- request. — Syn. To beseech; supplicate; 

implore; solicit. 
EX-TREAT'IXG-LY, ad. With earnest pleadings. 
EN-TReAT'Y, n. Urgent prayer or petition. 
♦EX-TREE' (ang-traO, n. [.FY.] Freedom of access ; 

a course of dishes. 
+EX-TRE-METS' (ilng-tr-ma'), n. [Fr.] Small and 

dainty dishes set between the principal ones at 

table. 
♦EX-TRE-PoT' (iing-tr-po'), n. [Fr.] A warehouse 

or place for the deposit of goods. 
fiN'TRY, n. Passage; ingress ; account of a cargo 

given to a custom-house officer; the act of com- 
mitting to writing; record. 
EN-TWiXE',) v. t. To twine or twist round. See 

EN-TWlST', j IKTWDSBL 

E-Xu'CLE-aTE, v. t. To take out the kernel; to 
clear from knots or lumps ; to explain ; to clear 
from obscurity or intricacy. [tell over singly. 

E-Nd'MEE-aTE, v. t. To number; to count; to 

E-X T-MER-a'TIOX, n. The act of mentioning or 
counting by naming each particular ; in rhetoric, 
a part of the close of an oration, in which a brief 
recapitulation is made of the heads of discourse. 

E-Xu'MER-A-TlVE, a. Reckoning up. 

E-XCX'CIaTE, v. t. To declare; to proclaim; to 
relate. [words; declaration. 

E-XUX-CI-a'TION (-she-a'shun), n. Utterance of 

E-XuX'CIA-TiYE, a. Declarative; expressive. 

EX-VAS'SAL, v. t. To reduce to bondage; to en- 
slave, [to line. 

EN -Te I/OP, V. t To wrap; to cover; to inclose; 

EX'YEL-oPE (ung'vel-6pe),\ n. A wrapper ; an 

EX-YEI/OP, J inclosing cover ; an 

investing integument. 

EX-VEL'OP-JIEXT, n. A wrapping or inclosing. 

EX-Y£X'OM, v. t. To poison ; to taint with bitter- 

• ness ; to exasperate or make furious. 

£X'VI-A-BLE, a. That may excite envy or desire 
of possession. 

£N'VI-ER, n. One who envies another. 

EX'VI-OUS, a. Feeling or harboring envy. 

£X'YI-OUS-LY, ad. With hatred on account of 
the prosperity or goodness of another. [volve. 

EX-Vi'ROX, v. t. To hem in ; to surround ; to in- 

EX-Yi'ROX-MEXT, n. A being surrounded. 

EX-Yi'ROX$, n. pi. Places near, adjacent, or ly- 
ing around another. 

EXWOY, n. A minister to a foreign court ; for- 
merly, lines or sentences to introduce or enforce 
compositions. 

EX' VOY-SHIP, n. The office of envoy. 

EX'VY, v. t. To grieve at another's good ; to fret 
' or hate another on account of his superiority. 

EX'VY, n. Pain and discontent excited by anoth- 

_ er's prosperity. 

e'O-CeXE, a. A term given by geologists to the 
earliest tertiary deposits. 

E-ni/IG^'f a - Pertainin & t0 -^Eolia or ^Eolis. 
E-o'LI-AX AT-TaCH'MEXT, n. A contrivance 



attached to a pianoforte to increase the volume 
of sound by a stream of air thrown on the chords. 

E-u'LI-AX HaRP,) n. A simple stringed instru- 

E-u'LI-AX LYRE, / ment moved by the air. 

E-oL'I-PiLE, n. A hollow metal ball with small 
orifice and pipe, which, filled with water and heat- 
ed, shows the elastic power of steam. 

E'OX, n. In the Platonic jJhilosojjhy, a virtue, at- 
tribute, or perfection ; with the Gnostics, a divine 

_ nature or emanation. [beyond the lunar. 

E'PAt'T, 11. The excess of the solar year or month 

EP-AX-A-L£P'SIS, n. Repetition; a figure ia 
rhetoric when a sentence ends as it begins. 

♦E-PaX'O-DOS, n. Return or inversion ; a rhetor- 
ical figure when a sentence or member is invert- 
ed or repeated backward ; as, woe to them who 
call good evil, and evil good. 

EP'aRGH (Sp'ark), n. The governor of a province. 

£P'aR€H-Y, n. A province under an eparch. 

♦ E-PAULE', n. [jPV.] Shoulder of a bastion. 

E-PAULE'MEXT, 72. A side-work in fortification. 

EP'AU-LET, n. A shoulder-piece ; badge of office. 

E-P£X'THE-SIS, n. The insertion of a letter or 
syllable in the middle of a word. 

+E-PERGXE' (a-parne'), n. [Fr.] An ornamental 
stand for a large glass in the center of a tab.e. 

EP-EX-E-gk'SIS, n. An additional explanation 

_ immediately subjoined to one already given. 

e'PII A (G'fa), n. A Hebrew measure, a little more 
than five pecks. [one day only. 

E-PII£M'E-RA (e-fem'e-ra). n. An insect that lives 

E-PH£M'E-RAL (e-f Cm'e-ral). ) a. Diurnal; last- 

E-PH£M'E-RI€, / ing one day only; 

short-lived. 

E-PH£M'E-RIS, n. ; pi. Eph-e-mee'i-des. A daily 
account of the positions of the planets ; a journal. 

E-PH£M'E-ROX, n. The being of a day. 

EPH-I-AL'TeS, n. The night-mare. 

EPH'OD (ef 'od), n. A linen girdle of Jewish priests. 

♦EPH'O-Rl, n. pi. Magistrates of high rank 
among the Spartans. 

£PT€. a. Containing narrative; heroic. 

EP-I-CET>I-AX, a. Elegiac ; mournful. 

+EP-I-Ge'DI-OI, n. [L.] An elegy or poem. 

£P'I-CeXE, a. Common to both sexes. 

EP'I-CuRE^n. One addicted to luxury. 

EP-I-€U-Re'AX, a. Belonging to Epicurus ; luxu- 
rious; sensual; n. a follower of Epicurus; one 
devoted to pleasure. 

EP-I-€u'RE-AX-ISM, n. Indulgence in luxury; 
the philosophy of Epicurus, making the chief 
good to consist in pleasure. [tuous pleasures. 

£P'I-€U-RI$M, 72. Luxury; indulgence in volup- 

£PT-€U-RIZE, v. i. To live in luxury. 

£P'I-Cy-€LE, n. A small circle whose center is in 
the circumference of a greater. 

EP-I-Cl'CLOID, n. A species of curve. 

EP-I-D£M'I€, X a. Common to many people ; 

EP-I-D£MTC-AL,f generally prevailing. 

EP-I-D£M'IC, 72. A disease generally prevailing, 
but not dependent on local causes, as influenza, 
&c. 

EP-I-D£R'MIS, 71. In anatomy, the cuticle or 
scarf skin ; the thin pellicle over the exterior of 
plants or shells. 

EP'I-DoTE, 72. A green or grayish mineral with 
glassy luster, &c, partially transparent. 

EP-I-GAS'TRI€, a. Pertaining to the epigastri- 
um, the upper part of the abdomen. 

EP-I-GLoT TIS, n. A cartilage that prevents food 

from entering the wind-pipe. 
EP'I-GRAM, 7i. A short pointed poem. 
EP-I-GRAM-MAT'I€, \ a. Relating to epi- 
EP-I-GEAM-MAT'IC-ALJ" grams; concise; 

pointed; poignant. 
EP-I-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A writer of epigrams. 
£P'I-GRAPH (ep'e-graf), n. An inscription on a 

building, statue, &c. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; ETJLE, BULL ; Vl"CIOUS.- 



-o as k ; 
K 



as j ; s as z ; cnassu; Tins. ♦ Ab£ English. 



EPI 



146 



EQU 



EP'I-LEP-SY, n. The falling sickness. 

EP-I-LeP'TI€, a. Subject to convulsive fits of 
falling sickness. 

EP-I-LO-GiS'TIC a. Pertaining to an epilogue. 

EP'I-LoG-UE (5p'e-log), n. A concluding speech 
in an oration or play. 

E-PIPH'A-NY (e-plf'a-ny), n. A festival celebra- 
ted the twelfth day after Christmas to commem- 
orate the visit of the Magi. 

E-PiPH'Y-SIS, n. The growing of one bone to 
another ; an appendix to a bone. [ops. 

E-PIS'CO-PA-CY, n. Church government by bish- 

E-PIS'CO-PAL, ) a. Pertaining to bishops 

E-PIS-CO-Pa'LI-AN, j or to government by 
bishops. 

E-PIS-CO-Pa'LI-AN, n. One who holds to epis- 
copacy or is of the Episcopal church. 

E-PIS-CO-Pa'LI-AN-ISM, n. The system of gov- 
ernment by bishops. 

E-PIS'CO-PAL-LY, ad. By episcopal authority 
or according to episcopacy. 

E-PIS'CO-PATE, n. The dignity of a bishop. 

EP'I-SoDE, n. A digression or incidental story 
for sake of variety. 

EP-I-SdD'IC, > a. Pertaining to an episode or 

EP-I-SoD'IC-AL, j contained in it; digressive. 

E-PiS'TLE (e-pis'sl), n. A letter ; a letter missive, 
particularly of an apostle. [letters. 

E-PiS'TO-LA-RY, a. Contained in or relating to 

E-PIS'TO-LiZE, v. i. To write epistles or letters. 

E-PiS'TRO-PHE, n. The ending of successive 
sentences with the same word or affirmation. 

EP'I-TAPH (ep'e-taf), n. An inscription on a 
tomb-stone. 

EP-I-T aPH'IC (-tafik), a. Relating to an epitaph. 

+EP-I-THA-La'MI-UM, n. [L.] A nuptial song. 

EP'I-THET, n. An adjective expressing some 
real quality of the thing to which it is applied. — 
Syn. Title; appellation. — The name epithet was 
formerly extended to nouns which give a title or 
describe character (as liar, &c), but is now con- 
fined wholly to adjectives. Some rhetorical writ- 
ers restrict it still further, considering the term 
epithet as belonging only to a limited class of ad- 
jectives, viz., those which add nothing to the 
sense of their noun, but simply hold forth some 
quality necessarily implied therein, as the bright 
sun, the lofty heavens, &c. But neither Johnson 
nor Webster has imposed this restriction, which 
certainly does not prevail in general literature. 

EP-I-THeT'IC, a. Consisting of or abounding in 
epithets. [mary. 

E-PiT'O-ME, n. An abridgment ; abstract ; sum- 

E-PiT'O-MIST, n. One who abridges a writing. 

E-PiT'O-MlZE, v. t. To abridge; to reduce to a 
summary _; to diminish. [of an epitome. 

E-PIT'O-MlZ-ER, n. One who abridges ; a writer 

EP-I-ZEuX'IS, n. A figure in rhetoric in which 
a word is repeated emphatically. 

EP-I-Zo'A, I n. A class of parasitic animals 

EP-I-Zo'ANS,J which particularly infest fishes. 

*E PLu'RI-BUS U'NUM. [£.] One composed of 
many; the motto of the United States. 

EP'OGH (ep'ok),} n. A fixed point from which 

EP'0-€HA, f years of time are computed ; 

a f>eriod of time. [little following a larger. 

EP'oDE, n. The third or last part of an ode ; any 

EP-O-PEE', n. An epic poem or the fable of it. 

EP'SOM SALT, n. Sulphate of magnesia ; a cool- 
ing cathartic. 

EP'u-LA-RY, a. Pertaining to a feast or banquet. 

E-QUA-BiL'I-TY, n. Equality ; uniformity ; even- 

_ ness. [smooth. 

e'QUA-BLE, a. Equal and uniform at all times ; 

E'QUA-BLY, ad. With constant uniformity. 

e'QUAL, a. Like in amount or degree; even; 

_ j ust ; n. one of the same rank or age, &c. 

E'QUAL, v. t. To make equal ; to be equal. 

E-QUAL'I-TY, 1 n. Likeness; evenness; uniform- 

E'QUAL-NESS,j ity. 



E-QUAL-I-Za'TION, n. Act of making equal. 

E'QUAL-IZE, v. t. To make equal or even. 

E'QUAL-LY, ad. In the same degree ; alike; im- 
partially, [ing of equal angles. 

E-QUAN G 'G-U-LAR (e-kw3ng'gu-lar), a. Consist- 

E-QUA-NiM'I-TY, n. Evenness of mind ; com- 
posure, [steady. 

E-QUaN'I-MOUS, a. Even in temper; cool; 

E-QUa'TION, n. A bringing to equality ; a prop- 
osition stating the equality of two quantities by 
= placed between them. 

E-QUa'TOR, n. A great circle dividing the earth 
into two equal, or the northern and southern hem- 
ispheres. 

E-QUA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the equator. 

E-QUA-To'RI-AL, n. An instrument which so op- 
erates on a telescope as to keep a heavenly body 
for a long time in view, notwithstanding the di- 

_ urnal motion of the earth. 

E'QUE-RY (e'kwe-ry), I n. One who has the 

E'QUER-RY (e'kwer-ry),) care of horses. 

E-QUeS'TRI-AN, a. Pertaining to horses or 
horsemanship; n. a horseman. 

E-QUI-aN g 'GU-LAR, a. Having equal angles. 

E-QUI-CRu'RAL, a. Having equal legs. 

E-QUI-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Having equal differ- 
ences or arithmetically proportional. 

E-QUI-DiS'TANT, a. Being at the same distance. 

E-QUI-DIS'TANT-LY, ad. At a like distance ; in 
botany, applied to an arrangement of leaves in 
which the sides or edges alternately overlap. 

E-QUI-LAT'ER-AL, a. Having the sides equal. 

E-QUI-Li'BRaTE, v. t. To balance equally. 

E-QUI-LI-BRa'TION, n. Equipoise ; even balance. 

E-QUI-LiB'RI-TY, n. Equal balance. 

E-QUI-LiB'RI-UM, n. Equipoise ; equality of 
weight; equal balancing of the mind between 
reasons and motives; indecision; state of equilib- 
rium ; in equilibria, in a state of equilibrium. 

E-QUI-MuI/TI-PUES, n. Multiples in which 

_ numbers are taken an equal number of times. 

E'QUlNE, \ a. Pertaining to horses; denoting 

E-QUl'NAL,( the horse kind. 

E-QUI-NoC'TIAL, a. Pertaining to the equinox; 
n. the great circle of the celestial globe whose poles 
are the poles of the earth, so called because when 
the sun reaches it the days and nights are equal. 

E-QUI-NoC'TIAL CO-LuRE', n. The great cir- 
cle which passes from the poles of the world 
through the equinoctial joints, which are the 
points in which the equator and ecliptic cross 

_ each other. 

e'QUI-NOX, n. The time when the sun enters an 
equinoctial point or when the days and nights are 
equal. [ber. 

E-QUI-Nu'MER-ANT, a. Having the same num- 

E-QUiP", v. t. To dress ; to arm ; to fit out ; to 
furnish. 

eQ'-UI-PAgE (ek'we-paje), n. Attendance, as hors- 
es, carriages ; ornamental furniture. 

E-QUiP'MENT, n. Act of furnishing ; apparatus. 

E'QUI-POISE, n. An equality of weight ; a state 
in which the two ends or sides are balanced. 

E-QUI-PoL'LENCE, T n. Equality of power or 

E-QUI-P6L'LEN-CY,j force ; in logic, when two 
or more propositions signify the same thing, 
though differently expressed. 

E-QUI-P6L'LENT, a. Having equal force or 
equivalent meaning. 

E-QUI-P6N'DER-ANCE, n. Equality of weight. 

E-QUI-PoN'DER-ANT, a. Being of the same 
weight. 

E-QUI-PoN'DER-aTE, v. i. To be of equal weight. 

EQ'UI-TA-BLE (ok'we-ta-bl), a. Giving or dis- 
posed to give each his due; in laiv, pertaining to 
chancery. — Syn. Just ; fair ; right ; impartial ; 
upright. [impartially. 

EQ'UI-TA-BLY (ek'we-ta-bly), ad. With justice; 

EQ'UI-TY (ek'we-ty), n. Impartial distribution of 
justice ; a just regard to right or claim ; in law, a 



!, i, &c, long. — 1, e, &c, short.— cake, fab, last, fall, what; tukke, teem; marine, lird; move, 



EQU 



147 



ESC 



power qualifying or correcting the law in extreme 
cases. — Syn. Impartiality; rectitude; fairness; 
honesty ; uprightness. 

E-QUiV'A-LENCE, n. Equality of worth or power. 

E-QUiV'A-LENT, a. Equal in worth, power, or 
effect. 

E-QUiV'A-LENT, n. That which is equal in 
worth, dignity, or force ; in chemistry, the pro- 
portion in which the various bodies combine, 
oxygen or hydrogen being unity. 

E'QUI-VALVE, n. A bivalve in which the two 
valves are of equal size and form; a. having the 
two valves equal. 

E-QUiV'0-€AL, a. That may be equally well un- 
derstood in different senses. — Syn. Ambiguous. — 
An expression is ambiguous when different parts 
of it can be so construed as to bring out a diversi- 
ty of meanings. An expression is equivocal when, 
taken as a whole, it expresses a given thought 
with perfect clearness and propriety, and also an- 
other thought with equal propriety and clearness. 
The former is a mere blunder of language ; the 
latter is usually intended to deceive, though it 
may occur at times from mere inadvertence. 

E-QUiVO-€AL-LY, ad. Doubtfully; uncertainly. 

E-QUIV'0-€aTE, v. i. To use words of double sig- 
nification; to shuffle. 

E-QUIV-O-Ca'TION, n. The use of words of 
double signification ; prevarication ; evasion. 

E-QUiV'0-€a-TOR, n. One who uses words of 
doublejneaning, &c. 

KQ'UI-YoKE, \ n. An ambiguous term ; prevar- 

E'QUl-VoQUE,f ication. 

ER. This, as a termination, denotes an agent or 
person, like or, as in farmer. 

E'RA, n. In chronology, a fixed point of time from 
which to compute years. 

E-Ra'DI-aTE, v. i. To shoot rays ; to beam. 

E-RA-DI-a'TION, n. Emission of rays, or beams 
of light or splendor. 

E-RAD'I-€ aTE, v. t. To root out ; to destroy the 
roots ; to destroy wholly. [entire destruction. 

E-RAD-I-€a'TION, n. The act of rooting out ; 

E-RaD'I-€a-TiVE, a. That extirpates; that cures. 

E-RaS'A-BLE, a. That may be rubbed out or ob- 
literated, [blot out ; to destroy. 

E-RaSE', v. i. To rub or scrape out; to efface; to 

E-RaSE'MENT, ) n. Act of rubbing or 

E-Ra'SION (e-ra'zhun),j scraping out; oblitera- 
tion. 

E-Ra$'ER, n. One who rubs or scrapes out; a 
knife for erasing, &c. 

E-RaS'TIAN (e-ras'chan), n. A follower of one 
Erastus, who held the Church to be a mere crea- 
ture of the state. 

E-RaS'TIAN-ISM, n. The principles of Erastus. 

E-RaS'URE (e-ra'zhur), n. Act of scraping out ; 
obliteration; a scratching; the place rubbed or 
scraped out. 

ERE (Are), ad. Before ; sooner than ; prep, before. 

ER'E-BUS, n. Darkness ; the region of the dead. 

E-ReOT', a. Upright ; not leaning or inclined ; 
upraised, as hands ; firm, not cast down, as an 
erect countenance or spirit. — Syn. Perpendicular; 
vertical; raised; bold. 

E-R£€T', v. t. To raise and set up, as a flag-staff; 
to raise and establish, as a house or empire ; to 
raise and excite. — Syn. To elevate; construct; 
build; institute; found; exalt. 

E-R£€T'A-BLE, a. That may be erected. 

E-Re€'TION, n. A setting upright ; act of build- 
ing ; a building. 

E-Re€T'LY, ad. In an erect posture. 

E-Re€T'NESS, n. Erect state ; upright posture. 

ERE-L5NG' (12) (are-long'), ad. Before a long 
time shall elapse. [derness ; a hermit. 

ER'E-MITE, n. One who lives solitary or in a wii- 

ERE'-NOW, ad. Before this time. 

ERE'WHlLE, \ ad. Some time ago ; a little time 

ERE'WHiLES,/ since. 



+eR'GO, ad. [L.] Therefore. 

Elt'GOT, n. A protuberance on a horse's leg; a 
parasitic fungus on grain, poisoning it. 

ER'MxNE, n. An animal or its fur. 

EEN, 7i. The sea-eagle ; the golden eagle. 

E-RoDE', v. t. To eat in or away ; to corrode. 

E-Ro'SION (e-ro'zhun), n. An eating ; corrosion. 

E-ROT'IC, a. Pertaining to love ; treating of love. 

ER-PE-ToL'O-GY, n. History and description of 
reptiles. See Heepetology. 

ERR (13), v. i. To wander from the right way; to 
mistake; to commit error. 

ERR'A-BLE, a. Liable to mistake. 

ER'RAND, n. A message ; business of one sent. 

ER'RANT, a. Wandering ; roving ; deviating from 
a certain course ; wild. 

ER'RANT-RY, n. A state of wandering ; a roving. 

ER-RaT'I€, a. "Wandering; not stationary; n. a 
rock or bowlder which has been borne by some 
action of the elements from its original place or 
position. 

ER-RaT'I€-AL-LY, ad. Without rule or method. 

+ER-Ra'TUM, n. ; pi. Ee-ea'ta. [Z,.] An error or 
mistake in writing or printing. 

ER-Ro'NE-OUS, a. Not conformed to truth or rec- 
titude. — Syn. Mistaken; wrong; false; incorrect. 

ER-Ro'NE-OUS-LY, ad. With or by mistake. 

ER-RG'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Deviation from right; 
mistake; fault. 

eR'ROR, n. Literally, wandering ; hence, a devi- 
ation from what is right ; a departure from truth 
or duty; in laio, a mistake in pleading or judg- 
ment. — Syn. Mistake; fault; blunder, which see. 

eR'ROR-IST, n. One who errsjn* propagates er- 
ror. [Highlands. 

ERSE, n. The language of the Gaels in the Scotch 

ERST (13), ad. At first, long ago; once. 

ER-U-BeS'CENCE, n. Redness; a blushing. 

ER-U-BeS'CENT, a. Red; blushing. 

E-Ru€'TATE, v. t. To belch or eject wind from 
the stomach. 

ER-U€-Ta'TION, n. A belching ; a bursting forth. 

ER'U-DiTE (ur'oo-dite), a. Learned ; well-read. 

ER-U-Di"TION (-dish'un), n. Learning; knowl- 
edge gained by study, &c. 

E-RC'oI-NOUS, a. Coppery; rusty. 

E-RuP'TION (-rup'shun), n. A breaking forth; a 
bursting out ; a red spot on the skin. 

E-RuP'TIVE, a. Bursting out ; tending to burst ; 
attended by eruptions. 

ER-Y-SiP'E-LAS, n. A disease ; St. Anthony's fire. 

ER-Y-SI-P£L'A-TOUS, a. Eruptive ; resembling 
erysipelas. 

ES-CA-LaDE', n. A scaling of walls. 

ES-CA-LaDE', v. t. To scale ; to mount by ladders. 

ESCAL'OP (skol'up), n. A bivalvular shell-fish. 

ES-€A-PaDE', n. The fling of a horse; hence, 
unconscious impropriety of speech or behavior. 

ES-CaPE', v. t. To avoid ; to shun ; to evade ; v. i. 
to flee from ; to be passed unharmed. 

ES-CaPE', n. A fleeing from danger, or coming 
out of it unharmed ; a getting free from custody. 
— Syn. Flight; evasion; avoidance. 

ES-CaPE'MENT, n. That part of a clock or 
watch which regulates its movements. 

ES-€aRP', v. t. To form a sudden slope. 

ES-€aRP'MENT, n. A slope ; a steep descent or 
de_clivity. [onion. 

ES-cH A-LoT' (esh-a-lotO, n. A shalote ; a small 

ES-€HA-R6T'I€, a. Caustic ; destroying flesh. 

ES-CHA-ToL'O-gY, n. The doctrine of the last 
things, as death, judgment, &c. 

ES-CHEAT', n. A falling of lands to the lord or to 
the state for the want of an owner. 

ES-CHeAT', v. i. To revert to the lord of the 
manor or to the state. 

ES-CHeAT'A-BLE, a. Liable to escheat. 

ES-CHEW', v. t. To shun or avoid ; to flee from. 

ES'CORT, n. A body of men to protect an officer 
or provisions on the way ; a guard or protection. 



dove, wolf, book ; EULE, bull ; yi"cious. — € as k ; g as J ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + Xot English. 



ESC 



148 



ETI 



ES-CoRT', v. t. To attend and guard on the way. 

ES-CRI-TOIR' (es-kre-twor'), n. A box with in- 
struments for writing. 

ES-€RI-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an escritoir. 

ES-€RoW, n. A deed delivered to a third person, 
to be given to the grantee on certain conditions. 

ES-€U-La'PI-AN, a. Pertaining to the healing art. 

ES'CU-LENT, a. Eatable; good for food. 

ES'CU-LENT, n. Any thing that may be safely 
used as food or eaten. [King of Spain. 

ES-Cu'RI-AL, n. The palace or residence of the 

ES-GuTCH'EON (es-kiich'un), n. A shield or coat 
of arms •, the part of a vessel's stern on which her 
name is written. 

E-SoPH'A-GUS, n. The gullet ; the canal from the 
pharynx through which the food is conveyed from 
the mouth to the stomach. 

ES-O-TeR'IC, a. Private ; applied to the instruc- 
tions and doctrines of Pythagoras ; opposed to ex- 
oteric. 

ES-PaL'IER (es-pal'yer), n. A row of trees trained 
to a frame; a single fruit-tree thus trained; the 
frame or lattice-work used for the training ; v. t. 
to form or protect by an espalier. 

ES-Pe"CI AL (es-pcsh'al), a. Principal ; particular. 

ES-Pe"CIAL-LY, ad. Chiefly ; principally. 

ES-Pi'AL, n. The act of espying. 

eS'PI-O-NAgE, n. Practice of employing spies or 
of secretly watching others. 

ES-PLA-NaDE', n. The glacis of a counterscarp 
or slope of a parapet ; a grass-plat. 

ES-POUS'AL, a. Relating to espousals. 

ES-POL'S'ALS, n. pi. A betrothing; a marriage. 

ES-POUSE', v. t. To betroth ; to engage to mar- 
ry; to marry; to embrace; to take to one's self. 

+ES-PRIT' DE CoRPS' (es-pr5' de kore'), [Fr.] 
The spirit of the body or association. 

ES-Py', v. t. To see at a distance ; to discover un- 
expectedly ; v. i. to look narrowly ; to look about. 

ES-QUiRE', n. An attendant on a knight; a title 
of magistrates and public officers ; v. t. to attend 
or wait on. 

*ES-QU1'SSE' (es-keece'), n. [Fr.] The first sketch 
of a picture or model of a statue. 

ES-SaY', v. t. To attempt ; to try ; to test. 

ES'SAY, n. A trial ; attempt ; exertion of body or 
mind ; short treatise. 

ES-SaY'ER, n. One who attempts or tries. 

ES-SaY'IST, n. A writer of essays. [perfume. 

ES'SENCE, n. The nature of a thing; existence; 

ES'SENCE, v. t. To perfume or scent 

ES-SeNES', n. pi. Among the Jews, an ascetic 
sect who lived in communities, [portant ; pure. 

ES-SeN'TIAL (-sDn'shal), a. Necessary; very im- 

ES-SeN'TIAL, n. First or constituent principle ; 
that which is necessary ; chief point. 

ES-SeN-TI-aL'I-TY, \ n. The quality of being es- 

ES-SeN'TIAL-NESS, j sential ; first principles. 

ES-SeN'TIAL-LY, ad. Necessarily ; absolutely. 

ES-Ta.B'LISH, v. t. To fix ; to settle ; to found ; 
to ratify ; to confirm. 

ES-TAB'LISH-MENT, n. Settlement; stated sal- 
ary; regulation; place of residence ; religion sup- 
ported by the state. 

ES-TA-FeT', \n. A military courier; an ex- 

ES-TA-FeTTE',J press of any kind. See Staff. 

ES-TaTE', n. Condition of a person, whether high 
or low ; property, especially land ; a body politic 
or branch thereof. 

ES-TEEM', v. t. To value highly ; to regard with 
respect and affection. See Appreciate, Esti- 
mate. 

ES-TEEM', n. High value in opinion ; regard. 

ES-TEEM'A-BLE, a. Worthy of esteem. 

ES-THeT'I€S, n. pi. The. philosophy of taste, or 
the deducing from nature and taste the rules and 
principles of art. 

ES'TI-MA-BLE, a. Worthy of esteem; valuable. 

eS'TI-MaTE, v. t. To set a value on ; to reckon. 
— Syn. Esteem. — We esteem a man for his moral 



qualities ; we estimate a person or thing accord- 
ing to our views of their real value. The former 
implies respect and attachment; the latter is a 
mere exercise of judgment or computation. See 
Appreciate. 

eS'TI-MATE, n. Value set; calculation. 

ES-TI-Ma'TION, n. A valuing ; esteem ; honor ; 
opinion. 

eS'TI-Ma-TOR, n. One who estimates. 

ES'TI-VAL, a. Pertaining to summer. 

ES-TI-Va'TION, n. A passing of the summer; 
disposition of petals in a floral bud. 

ES-T6P', v. i. To bar; to impede by one's owii 
act. [one's own act. 

ES-ToPPFD' (es-topf), a. Barred; precluded by 

ES-ToP'PEL, n. In law, some previous act which 
estops or precludes a man from making a given 
plea or pretense. [ance. 

ES-To' VERS, n. pi. Necessaries ; supplies ; allow- 

+ES-TRADE', n. [Fr.] An even or level place. 

ES-TRaNgE', v. t. To keep at a distance ; to al- 
ienate, as the affections; to withdraw. 

ES-TRaNgE'MENT, n. Alienation; reserve; vol- 
untary abstraction. [a horse. 

+ES-TRA-PADE', n. The rearing and kicking of 

ES-TRaY", n. A beast that has wandered from its 
owner. 

ES-TReAT', n. In law, a true copy or duplicate 
of an original writing. 

ES-TReAT', v. t. To copy; to extract. 

eST'u-A-RY, n. An arm of the sea into which 
falls a stream of fresh water ; a frith. 

eST'u-aTE, v.i. To boil; to swell and rage; to 
be agitated. 

EST-u-a'TION, n. A boiling ; a swelling of wa- 
ter; commotion of mind. 

E-Su'RI-ENT, a. Inclined to eat ; hungry. 

ES'u-RiNE (ezh'yu-rin), a. Eating; corroding. 

+E'TaT MX'JOR*'(a'ta ma'zhor), n. [Fr.] Offi- 
cers attached to the person of a commander. 

ETC. or &c. for et ccetera; the rest ; and so forth. 

ETCH, v. t. To make prints on copper-plate by 
lines drawn and then corroded by nitric acid. 

eTCH'ING, n. Impression from etched copper- 
plate. 

E-TeR'NAL (13), a. Having no beginning or end ; 
ceaseless; unchangeable; n. an appellation of 
God. See Everlasting. [variably. 

E-TeR'NAL-LY, ad. Perpetually ; endlessly ; in- 

E-TeR'NI-TY, n. Duration without end. [ize. 

E-TfeR'NlZE, V. t. To make endless; toimmortal- 

E-Te'SIAN (e-te'zhan), a. Stated ; periodical, as 

_ winds. [from sperma'ceti. 

e'THAL, n. A peculiar oily substance obtained 

E'THER, n. The subtile fluid supposed to fill 
space; a light, volatile, and most inflammable 
fluid. 

E-THe'RE-AL, I a. Formed of or filled with 

E-THE'RE-OUS,]" ether; heavenly. 

E-THe'RE-AL-iZE, v. t. To convert into ether; 
to render spiritual. 

eTH'IC, \ a. Relating to morals or manners; 

eTH'I€-AL, j treating of morality. 

eTH'IC-AL-LY, ad. According to ethics. 

eTH'ICS, n. pi. Doctrines of morality; science 
of moral philosophy ; system of moral principles. 

f'THI op t 

E-THl"-o'PI-AN \ n ' A native of Ethiopia. 

eTH'NaRCH. n. The governor of a province. 

ETH'NIC, \ a. Pagan ; heathen ; relating to 

ETH'NI€-AL, j the races of mankind. 

ETH-NoGr'RA-PHER,? n. One who writes on the 

ETH-NoL'O-GlST, j different races of men. 

ETH-NO-GRAPH'IC, \ a. Describing nations 

ETH-NO-GRAPH'IC-ALJ or tribes. 

ETH-N6G'RA-PHY, n. An account of nations. 

ETH-NO-L6g'I€-AL, a. Relating to ethnology. 

ETH-NoL'O-gY, n. A treatise on nations. 

ETH-O-Log'IC-AL, a. Treating of ethics. 

e'TI-O-LaTE, v. t. To whiten; to blanch by ex- 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



ETI 



H9 



EVE 



eluding the sun's rays ; v. i. to become white ; to 
be whitened or blanched. 

E-TI-O-La'TIOX, n. The process of being blanch- 
ed or becoming white by excluding the rays of 
the sun. [ceremony. 

eT'I-QUeTTE' (ut'i-kef), n. Forms of civility ; 

ET-LT (et-we'), n. [Fr.] A case for small instru- 
ments. 

ET-Y-M0-Lo6'I€-AL, a. Relating to etymology. 

ET-Y-MOL'O-GlST, n. One versed in etymology. 

ET-Y-MOL'O-GIZE, V. i. To search into the ori- 
gin of words ; to treat of etymology. 

ET-Y-MoL'O-GY, n. That part of philology 
which explains the origin and derivation of 
words ; the deduction of words from their origin- 
als, &c. 

ET'Y-MON, ii. A root or primitive word. 

E0'€HA-RIST (yiVka-rist), n. The sacrament of 
the Lord's Supper; the act of returning thanks. 

Eu-€HA-RiST'I€, \ a. Pertaining to the Lord's 

Eu-€HA-RiST'I€-AL,j Supper. 

Eu-DI-oM'E-TER, n. An instrument to ascertain 
the purity of air or its quantity of oxygen. 

EO'LO-GlST (yu'lo-jist), n. One who commends 
j>r praises another. 

Eu-LO-giST'I€, \ a. Full of praise ; com- 

Eu-LO-GiST'I€-AL,f mendatory. 

Eu-Lo'61-UM, n. A eulogy. [to commend. 

Eu'LO-giZE (yii'lo-jize),. v. t. To praise highly ; 

Eu'LO-gY, n. Marked or studied praise ; a speech 
or writing in commendation of some one. — Syn. 
Encomium ; panegyric. — The word encomium is 
used as to both persons and things, and denotes 
warm praise ; eulogium and eulogy apply only to 
persons, and are more prolonged and studied; a 
panegyric was originally a set speech in a full 
assembly of the people, and hence denotes a more 
formal eulogy, couched in terms of warm and 
continuous praise. 

Eu'XUCH (yu'nuk), n. A castrated man. 

Eu'XUCII-LSM, n. The state of a eunuch. 

Eu'PIIE-MJSM (yu'fe-mizni), n. A delicate word 
or expression used for one that is harsh or offen- 
sive. 

Eu-PHoN'r€, \ a. Having a pleasing sound ; 

Eu-PHoN'IG-ALJ agreeable to the ear. 

Ee-PHo'XT-OUS, a. Agreeable in sound. 

Eu'PHO-XTSM (yu'fo-nizm), w. An agreeable 
combination of sounds. 

Eu'PHO-XY' (yii'fo-ny), n. An easy, smooth enun- 
ciation which is agreeable to the ear. 

Eu'PHU-ISM (yu'fu-izm), n. An affected, bom- 
bastic expression. 

Eu'PHU-IST (yu'fu-ist), n. One who affects great 
refinement and uses high-flown diction. 

Eu-Ro€'LY-DOX, n. A tempestuous wind. 

Eu'ROPE, n. The great quarter of the earth be- 
tween the Atlantic and Asia. 

Eu-RO-Pe'AX, a. Pertaining to Europe ; n. a na- 
tive of Europe. 

+Ei;'RUS, 11. [L.] ^The east wind. 

Eu-TkR'PE-AN. a. Relating to Euterpe, the muse 
presiding over wind instruments. 

Eu-THaN'A-SY, n. An easy death. 

Eu-TF€H'I-AX$, n. pi. Followers of Eutychus, 
who held that the divine and human natures of 
Christ formed but one nature. 

E-Va€'u-AXT, n. A medicine that procures or 
promotes natural evacuations. [to quit. 

E-Ya€'u-aTE, v. t. To empty ; to void ; to eject ; 

E-VA€-u-a'TIOX. 11. Act of ejecting or making 
empty ; a discharge ; withdrawal. 

E-VaDE', v. t. To avoid by dexterity. — Syn. To 
elude; escape; shun; flee; v. i. to slip away; to 
attempt to escape by artifice. 

EV-A-Ga'TIOX, 11. A wandering or rambling. 

EY-A-X£S'CEXCE, n. A vanishing; a gradual 
departure from sight or possession. 

EY-A-XeS'CEXT, a. Fleeting ; passing away. 

E-VAX-geL'I-€AL, a. According to the Gospel ; 



contained in the Gospel ; sound in the doctrines 
of the Gospel. [the Gospel. 

E-VAX-GEL'I-CAL-LY, ad. In conformity with 

E-VaX'gEL-LSM, ii. Promulgation of the Gospel. 

E-YaX'gEL-IST, n. One of the writers of Gospel 
history ; one who preaches the Gospel. 

E-VAX'gEL-iZE, v. t. To instruct in the Gospel ; 
v. i. to preach the Gospel. 

E-VaP'O-RA-BLE, a. That may be evaporated. 

E-YAP'O-RaTE, v. i. To pass off in vapor; to be 
dissipated^ v. t. to convert into vapor. 

E-VAP-O-Ra'TION, n. Conversion of a fluid into 
vapor. [evaporation. 

E-YAP'O-RA-TiVE, a. Pertaining to or producing 

E-Ya'SIOX (-va'zhun), n. Act of avoiding; arti- 
fice to elude. — Syn. Shift ; subterfuge ; shuffling. 

E-Ya'SIVE, a. Shuffling; using or containing 
equivocation or evasion. 

E-Ya'SIVE-LY', ad. By means of evasion. 

E-Ye€'TIOX, n. A carrying out or away. In as- 

_ tronorny, a change of form in the moon's orbit. 

e'VUX (e'vn) (53), \ n. The close of the day; even- 

EVE, J ing. Eve is used chiefly in 

poetry, also for the fast or the evening before a 

_ holiday, as Christmas eve. 

E'VIs'X (o'vn), a. Level; smooth; flat; uniform; 
calm ; settled ; equal ; that can bet divided into 
two equal parts. [balance accounts. 

E'Vi?X (e'vn), v. t. To make level or smooth ; to 

E'Yi?N (e'vn), ad. At the same time; likewise; 
in like manner. [To pronounce this even or evwn 
is a violation of all established usage. See 53.] 

e'V£N-HaXD-ED, a. Just; impartial. 

E'Vii' N-IXG (e'vn-ing), n. The latter part or close 

_ of the day. 

E'Vi/N-IXG-STXR (e'vn-ing), n. Hesperus or 

_ Yesper; Yenus, when visible in the evening. 

E'Y^X-LY' (c'vn-ly), ad. Equally; uniformly; 

_ smoothly. [uniformity; impartiality. 

E'Yi?X-XESS (G'vn-ness), n. Levelness ; calmness ; 

e'VjKX-SoXG (e'vn-), n. A song to be sung at 
evening. 

E-YeXT', n. That which comes; end; conse- 
quence ; that which falls out, good or bad. — Syn. 
Incident; occurrence; adventure; issue; result; 
termination ; conclusion. 

E-YeXT'FUL, «. Full of incidents or changes. 

e'Y^X-TiDE, n. Time of evening. 

E-YeXT'u-AL (e-vtnt'yu-al), a. Coming as a re- 
sult ; ultimate. 

E-VEXT-u-AL'I-TY, n. That organ which takes 
cognizance of occurrences or events. 

E-VeXT'u-AL-LY, ad. In the event ; in the final 
result or issue. [nate. 

E-VeXT'u-aTE, v. i. To issue ; to close ; to termi- 

EV'ER, ad. At any time; always; eternally. Ever 
and anon, now and then. Ever, in composition, 
has the sense of always, without intermission or 
to eternity. [ter and grass. 

eY'ER-GLaDE, n. A tract of land covered by wa- 

eV'ER-GREEX, n. A plant that retains its ver- 
dure through the year. 

EY-ER-LASTTXG, a. Continuing without end; 
immortal; ii. eternity; the popular name of a 
plant. — Syn. Eternal. — Eternal denotes that 
which has neither beginning nor end ; everlasting 
is sometimes used in our version of the Scrip- 
tures in the sense of eternal, as, " Thou art from 
everlasting," but in modern usage each word has 
its distinctive meaning, and these ought not to 
be confounded. 

EV-ER-LiYTXG, a. Living always ; immortal. 

EV-ER-MoRE', acL Always; eternally; at all 
times. 

E-VeR'SION (-ver'shun), n. The act of over- 
throwing; a disease in which the eye-lids are 
turned outward. 

E-YeRT', v. t. To overturn ; to destroy. 

6VER-Y, a. Each one of a whole number sepa- 
rately considered. 



dove, wolf, book; edle, bull; vi"ciout 



j; sasz; cuassu; this, * Xot English. 



EVE 



150 



EXC 



eV'ER-Y-DaY, a. Used or being every day; 
common. [fresh. 

EV-ER-YOuNG' (-yiing'), a. Always young or 

eV'ER-Y-WHeRE (12), ad. In every place ; in all 
places. 

E-VICT', V. t. To dispossess ; to take away. [tion. 

E-ViC'TION (-vik'shun), n. Dispossession; ejec- 

eV'I-DENCE, n. That which proves or shows 
facts; testimony; witness. 

fiV'I-DENCE, v. t. To show ; to prove. 

EV'I-DENT, a. Clear to the understanding; 
plain ; open to be seen. [dence. 

EV-I-DeN'TIAL (-den'shal), a. Affording evi- 

EV'I-DENT-LY, ad. Clearly; obviously. 

e'VIL (e'vl), a. Having bad qualities, either nat- 
ural or moral; producing sorrow, calamity, or 
wickedness. — Syn. Unfortunate; unhappy; mis- 
chievous; pernicious; injurious; hurtful; de- 

_ structive ; wicked ; perverse ; wrong ; vicious. 

E'VIL (e'vl), n. Natural evil, as pain ; moral evil ; 
a violation of what is right ; calamity ; misfor- 

_ tune ; wickedness. 

E'VIL (e'vl), ad. Not well ; not virtuously. In 
composition, something bad or wrong, often con- 
tracted to ill. 

e'VIL-AF-Fe€T'ED, a. Ill-disposed. 

E'VIL-Do'ER, n. One who does evil. 

e'VIL-EyE, n. A supposed power of fascinating, 

_ bewitching, or injuring by evil looks, &c. 

e'VIL-Ey.BD (-Ide), a. Looking with envy, jeal- 

_ ousy, or bad feeling. 

E'VIL-NESS (G'vl-ness), n. Badness; viciousness. 

e'VIL-SPeAK'ING, n. Defamation; slander. 

E-VlNCE', v. t. To prove ; to show ; to make plain. 

E-ViN'CI-BLE, a. That may be made evident. 

E-ViN'CIVE, a. Tending to prove. 

E-VIS'CER-aTE, v. t. To take out the bowels. 

EVT-TA-BLE, a. That may be avoided. 

EV-0-€a'TION, n. A calling forth or out. 

E-VoKE', v. t. To call forth ; to appeal. 

EV-O-La'TION, n. A flying away. 

EV-O-Lu'TION, n. An unfolding ; change of po- 
sition. In algebra, the extraction of roots from 
powers; in military tactics, certain motions by 
which the disposition of troops is changed. 

EV-O-Lu'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to evolution. 

E-V6LVE', v. t. To unfold ; to disentangle ; to 
emit; v. ?'. to open itself; to disclose itself. 

E-VuL'SION (-vul'shun), n. Act of plucking out 

EWE (yu), n. A female sheep. [or away. 

EW'EK (yii'er), n. A large pitcher for water. 

EX [£.], a prefix, signifies out of or from,. Also, 
out of office^ as an ex-governor. 

EX-aC'eR-BaTE, v. t. To irritate : to imbitter ; 
to increase malignant qualities. 

EX-AC-ER-Ba'TION, n. The act of exasperating; 
increase of virulence ; a periodical increase of vi- 
olence in a disease. [or of fever. 

EX-AC-ER-BeS'CENCE, n. Increase of irritation 

EX- ACT' (egz-akf), a. Closely correct or regular ; 
without any omission or negligence ; punctual. — 
Syn. Accurate; precise; nice; methodical; care- 
ful. See Accurate. [to extort. 

EX-ACT' (egz-akt'), v. t. To demand ; to require ; 

EX-aCT', v. i. To practice extortion. 

EX- ACTION (egz-ak'shun), n. Act of extorting ; 
any thing extorted. [ly; justly. 

EX-aCT'LY (egz-akt'ly), ad. Accurately ; nice- 

EX-AGT'NESS, n. Accuracy; nicety. 

EX-a€T'OR,_«. An officer who collects tribute. 

EX-ag'gER-aTE (egz-aj'er-ate), v. t. To enlarge 
beyond the truth ; in painting, to heighten in 
coloring or design. [truth. 

EX-Ag-gER-a'TION, n. Amplification beyond 

EX-ALT' (egz-awltO, V. t. To lift high ; to extol ; 
to magnify. [elevation. 

EX-AL-Ta'TION (egz-awl-ta'tion), n. A raising ; 

EX-ALT'ED, pp. or a. Elevated ; magnified ; very 
high; superior; dignified; sublime. 

EX-AM-IN-A'TION, n. Act of examining ; careful 



search or inquiry ; disquisition. In judicial pro- 
ceedings, a careful inquiry into facts by testimony. 
In schools, colleges, &c, an inquiry into the pro- 
ficiency of students by questions in literature and 
the sciences. In science, a searching into the na- 
ture and qualities of substances by experiment. — 
Syn. Search ; inquiry ; scrutiny ; investigation ; 
research ; inquisition. 

EX-aM'iNE (egz-am'in), v. t. To inspect with 
care ; to search into ; to inquire ; to try. [spects. 

EX-aM'IN-ER, n. One who searches into or in- 

EX-aM'PLE (egz-am'pl), n. Something proposed 
for imitation ; a pattern or model ; something ad- 
duced by way of proof or illustration, as an exam- 
ple of some rule. — Syn. Instance. — Any thing 
brought forward as an example must represent a 
class of objects ; an instance may be a single and 
solitary case. A man's life may present many 
examples of virtue, with only one instance of de- 
parture from rectitude. 

EX-aN'I-MATE, a. Dead; lifeless; dejected. 

EX-AN-THe'MA, n. ; pi, Ex-an-them'a-ta. Erup- 
tion ; a breaking out. [deputy. 

eX'aRCH pks'ark), n. A prefect ; governor ; 

EX-XR€H'aTE, n. Office or administration of an 
exarch. 

EX-aS'PER-aTE (egz-as'per-ate), v. t. To make 
very angry ; to provoke ; to aggravate ; to in- 
crease violence; to imbitter. — Syn. To irritate; 
enrage; inflame; excite; rouse. 

EX-aS'PER-ATE, \ a. Provoked ; imbittered ; 

EX-aS'PER-a-TEDJ inflamed. 

EX-AS-PER-a'TION, n. Irritation ; a making 
angry ; increase of violence. 

EX-€AN-DeS'CENCE, n. A glowing or white 
heat ; violent anger. 

EX-CAN-DeS'CENT, a. White with heat. 

EX-€aR'N aTE, v. t. To deprive of flesh. 

eX'CA-VaTE, v. t. To hollow ; to cut, dig, or 
wear out the inner part of any thing. [cavity. 

EX-CA-Va'TION, n. Act of making hollow; a 

eX'CA-Va-TOR, n. One who excavates ; a ma- 
chine for digging or scraping out hollows. 

EX-CEED' (ek-seed'), v. t. To go beyond ; to out- 
go in some desirable quality. — Syn. To surpass; 
outdo ; excel ; outvie ; v. i. to go too far ; to go 
beyond any given limit, &c. 

EX-CEED'IISG, a. Great in quantity; very ex- 
tensive, [much. 

EX-CEED'ING-LY, ad. To a great degree ; very 

EX-CEL' (ek-s5D, v. t. To go beyond ; to surpass 
in good qualities ; to outdo ; v. i. to have superior 
qualities ; to be eminent. 

EX'CEL-LENCE (Sk'sel-lence), n. Superior good- 
ness or greatness. — Syn. Worth ; value ; superior- 
ity; dignity; perfection. 

EX'CEL-LEN-CY, n. Great value: a title of honor. 

EX'CEL-LENT, a. Very good ; having great val- 
ue; surpassing. — Syn. Worthy; exquisite; valu- 
able; choice; prime; select; distinguished. 

EX'CEL-LENT-LY, ad. In an excellent degree. 

+EX-CEL'SI-OR. [£.] More elevated; aiming 
higher. The motto of the State of New York. 

EX-CeN'TRIC. See Eccentkic. 

EX-CePT' (e'k-sepf). This was originally part of 
the verb to except (perhaps the imperative), mean- 
ing take out, exclude, unless. It is now parsed as 
a preposition. — Syn. But. — Both these words are 
used in excluding, but with this difference, that 
except does it more pointedly. " I have finished 
all the letters except one," is more marked than 
"I have finished all the letters but one." 

EX-CEPT', v. t. To take out ; to exempt ; to object ; 
v. i. to make objections. 

EX-CeP'TION (ek-sC-p'shun), n. Something taken 
out; exclusion; an objection; offense. 

EX-CeP'TION-A-BLE, a. Liable to objections. 

EX-CeP'TION-AL, a. Forming or making an ex- 
ception. 

EX-CeP'TION-LESS, a. Not liable to objections. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; mae'ine, bird; move, 



EXC 



151 



EXE 



EX-CeP'TIOUS (ek-sep'shus), a. Disposed or apt 
to cavil. 

EX-CfiP'TiVE, a. Including an exception. 

EX-CEP'TOR, n. One who objects. 

EX-CeBN', v. t. To emit through the pores ; to ex- 
crete; to strain out. 

EX-CiiRPT", n. A passage or article extracted. 

EX-CESS' (ek-sSss'), n. What is above measure; 
surplus ; improper indulgence ; intemperance ; 
extravagance. < 

EX-CESS'iYE, a. Exceeding just limits, or the 
common measure or proportion. — Syn. Extreme; 
vehement. — Anger or any other feeling may be 
extreme or vehement without being of necessity 
wrong ; the occasion may justify it ; but to be ex- 
cessively angry, or excessive in any thing, involves 
a want of self-command which is blameworthy. 
See Enotimoes. 

EX-CeSS'iYE-LY, ad. Exceedingly ;- eminently. 

EX-CHaX'CEL-LOR, n. One who has been chan- 
cellor._ 

EX-CH aXgE', v. t. To give one thing for another ; 
to lay aside one state or condition and to take an- 
other in its place. — Syn. To change; interchange; 
commute; barter. 

EX-CHaXgE', n. Act of bartering; place where 
merchants meet ; difference between the value of 
money in two places. In mercantile language, a 
bill drawn for money is called exchange instead 
of a iill of exchange. The course of exchange is 
the current price between two places. 

EX-CHaXgE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state 
of being exchangeable. 

EX-CH aX6E'A-BLE, a. That may be exchanged. 

EX-CHaXg ER, n. A person who exchanges. 

EX-CHEQ'UER (eks-chSk'er), n. A court in En- 
gland that has charge of the king's revenue. 

EX-CHeQ'UER-BiLL*, n. In England, bills for 
money issued from the Exchequer ; a paper cur- 
rency, bearing interest, issued by the government. 

EX-Ci*'A-BLE, a. Subject to excise. 

EX-Cl$E' (ek-sizeO, n. A tax or duty on commod- 
ities, and on certain licenses to deal. 

EX-ClSE', v. t. To subject to the duty of excise. 

EX-CiSE'lIAX", n. One who inspects and rates the 
duty on goods. [parion ; utter destruction. 

EX-CiS'IOX (ek-sizh'un), n. A cutting off; extir- 

EX-Cl-TA-BiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being excited ; 
susceptibility of increased action by stimulants. 

EX-CIT'A-BLE, a. That can be roused into action. 

EX-Ci-Ta'TIOX, n. Act of exciting or rousing; 
the action of stimulants on the living body. 

EX-Cl'TA-TO-RY, a. Having the power or tend- 
ing to excite. 

EX CiTE', v. t. Literally, to stir up; hence, to 
call into action; to raise still higher. — Syn. To 
incite. — "When we excite, we rouse into action feel- 
ings which were less strong; when we incite, we 
urge forward to acts correspondent to the feelings 
awakened. Demosthenes excited the passions of 
the Athenians against Philip, and thus incited the 
whole nation to unite in the war against him. 

EX-ClTE'MEXT, n. Act of rousing; state of in- 
creased action ;< that which stirs up or induces ac- 

EX-CiT_'ER, n. He or that which excites, [tion. 

EX-€LaIM' (eks-klame'), v. i. To utter the voice 
■with vehemence ; v. t. to cry out. 

EX-CLaIaPER, n. One who makes vehement 
outcries ; one who speaks with passion. 

EX-CLA-aIa'TION, n. Clamor; strong utterance ; 
a note marking emphatical outcry, thus (!). In 
grammar, a word expressing outcry or interjec- 
tion. 

EX-CLaaTA-TiYE, 1 a. Using or containing ex- 

EX-€LA>I'A-TO-RY,i clamation. 

EX-€LuDE' (eks-kludeO, v. t. To shut out ; de- 
bar; to except; to eject. 

EX-€Lu'*IOX (eks-klti'shun), n. Rejection; ex- 
ception ; a debarring ; non-reception. 

EX-CLu'SIYE, a. That excludes ; debarring; not 



taking into the account ; not including ; n. one of 
a coterie who exclude others. 

EX-CLu'SiYE-LY, ad. To the exclusion of oth- 
ers ; not inclusively. 

EX-CLu'SO-RY, a. Able to exclude ; exclusive. 

EX-€6g'I-TaTE, v. t. To strike out in thought ; 
to invent ; to contrive. 

EX-€Og-I-Ta'TIOX, n. Thought; invention. 

EX-COM-MC'XI-CA-BLE, a. Liable or deserving 
to be excommunicated. [church communion. 

EX-COM-Mu'XI-CaTE, v. t. To exclude from 

EX-CO aI-Mu'XI-CATE, a. Rejected from com- 
munion. 

EX-COM-MU-XT-Ca'TION, n. The act of exclud- 
ing from the ordinances of the Church. 

EX-Co'RI-aTE (eks-), v. t. To flay ; to wear or 
strip off skin or bark ; to gall. 

EX-CO-RI-a'TIOX, n. A flaying, rubbing, or 
stripping off skin. [bark. 

EX-COR-TI-Ca'TIOX, n. Act of stripping off 

eX'CRE-aIEXT (Cks'-), n. Matter discharged ; al- 
vine discharges ; dung. 

EX-CRE-MeXT-AL, a. Pertaining to excrement. 

EX-€RE-MEX-Ti"TIOUS (eks-kre-men-tish'us), a. 
Consisting in excrement. 

EX-CReS'CEXCE (eks-), n. Preternatural growth 
or protuberance ; a preternatural pi oduction; in 
surgery, a prominent tumor on the skin, &c. 

EX-CRES'CEXT, a. Growing out unnaturally; 
superfluous. [discharge through the pores. 

EX-CReTE', v. t. To separate and throw off; to 

EX-CRe'TIOX (eks-krc'shun), n. Discharge 
through the pores ; that which is so discharged. 

EX'CRE-TIVE (eks'-), a. Having the power of sep- 
arating and ejecting fluid matter from the body. 

EX'CRE-TO-RY (eks'-), a. Throwing off useless 
matter; n. a little duct for secreting a fluid; a 
secretory vessel. 

EX-CRC'CIaTE, v. t. To torture; to torment. 

EX-€RC'ClA-TIXGr, a. Extremely painful; dis- 
tressing, [blame. 

EX-CCL'PA-BLE, a. That may be cleared of 

EX-CuL'PaTE, v. t. To clear by words from fault 
or guilt; to justify. 

EX-CUL-Pa'TIOX, a. Excuse; justification. 

EX-CuL'PA-TO-RY r , a. Clearing from blame. 

EX-CcR'SIOX (eks-kiir'shun), n. Literally, a 
running forth ; a deviation from the regular path ; 
a pleasure tour ; a turning aside from the main 
topic. — Syn. Ramble; tour; trip; digression. 

EX-CCR'SIYE, a. Rambling; wandering. 

EX-CuR'SiVE-LY, ad. As if wandering. 

•S-EX-CuR'SUS, n. [I,.] Digression. Among the- 
ological writers, a more full exposition of some 
important point or doctrine. [excused. 

EX-€u$'A-BLE (eks-ku'za-bl), a. That may be 

EX-CcS'A-BLY, ad. So as to be excused. 

EX-Cu'SA-TO-RY, a. Containing excuse. 

EX-Cu$E' (eks-kuze'), v. t. To pardon; to justi- 
fy ; to free from blame ; to relieve from an obli- 
gation ; to admit an apology for ; to remit. 

EX-CuSE' (eks-kuce'), n. A plea offered in exten- 
uation of some neglect or violation of duty ; that 
which excuses. — Syn\ Apology. — An excuse re- 
fers to what is wrong; an apology to what is un- 
becoming or indecorous. A pupil offers an ex- 
cuse for absence, and an apology for rudeness to 
his instructor. "When an excuse has been ac- 
cepted, an apology may still, in some cases, be 
necessary or appropriate. 

EX'E-CRA-BLE, a. Deserving to be cursed ; very 
hateful. — Sy>\ Detestable ; abominable. 

£X'E-€RA-BLY, ad. Cursedly; abominably. 

EX'E-CRaTE ^ks'e-krate), v. t. To curse ; to de- 
test utterly ; to abhor. 

EX-E-€Ra'TIOX, n. Act of cursing; a curse pro- 
nounced ; malediction ; utter detestation. 

EX'E-CuTE (Cks'e-kute), v. t. To carry into ef- 
fect; to perform ; to put to death ; to complete in 
legal form, as a conveyance. — Syn. To accom- 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; yi"cious. — e as k ; g as J ; s as z ; cuassu; this. * Xot English. 



EXE 



152 



EXP 



plish; carry out; effect; fulfill; achieve; con- 
summate ; finish. 

fiX'E-CD-TER, n. One who carries into effect. 

EX-E-€u'TION, n. Performance ; the act of com- 
pleting; in law, the carrying into effect the judg- 
ment of court ; the warrant by which an officer 
carries into effect a judgment : the signing and 
sealing a legal instrument; infliction of death as 
a punishment. 

EX-E-€u'TION-ER, n. One who puts to death by 
law ; he who kills. 

EX-eC'u-TiVE (egz-uk'yu-tiv), a. Having power 
to act ; carrying into effect. 

EX-e€'u-TiVE, n. The person or power that ex- 
ecutes the law or administers the government ; 
the supreme authority. 

EX-e€'u-TOR (egz-Sk'yu-tor), n. One who exe- 
cutes; one who settles the estate of a testator. 

EX-E€-u-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an execu- 
tor. 

EX-e€'u-TOR-SHIP, n. The office of executor. 

EX-eCu-TO-RY, a. Performing official duties ; 
to be performed in future. 

EX-e€'u-TRIX, n. A female executor of a will. 

EX-E-GE'SIS, n. Exposition ; science of interpre- 
tation, [exegesis. 

EX-E-geT'IC-AL, a. Explanatory ; pertaining to 

EX-E-geTTC-AL-LY, ad. By way of exposition. 

EX-eM'PLAR (egz-Im'plar), n. Copy ; pattern ; 
the ideal model which an artist attempts to imi- 
tate. 

EX'EM-PLA-RI-LY, ad. By way of example. 

EX'EM-PLA-RY (Sgz'-), a. Serving for a pattern ; 
worthy of imitation ; adapted to admonish. 

EX-EM-PLI-FI-€a'TION, n. Illustration by ex- 
ample ; a copy ; transcript ; attested copy. 

EX-eM'PLI-Fi-ER, n. One who exemplifies. 

EX-eM'PLI-Fv (egz-), v. t. To illustrate by ex- 
ample ; to take an attested copy ; to prove or 
show by such a copy. 

EX-EMPT' (egz-cmt'), a. Free ; not subject to ; n. 
one who is not subject or liable. 

EX-eMPT', v. t. To free from something to which 
others are subjected; to grant immunity from. — 
Syn. To privilege ; release ; deliver ; exonerate. 

EX-eMP'TION (egz-5mp'shun), n. Freedom from 
something to which others are subject or liable. 
— Syn. Immunity ; release ; discharge ; dismissal. 

+EX-E-QUa'TUR, n. [£.] A written recognition 
of a person as a consul. [nities. 

EX'E-QUIES (Sks'e-kwiz), n. pi. Funeral solem- 

EX'ER-ClS-A-BLE (eks'-), a. That may be used, 
employed, or exerted. 

EX'ER-CiSE (Sks'er-size), n. Use; practice; ex- 
ertion for the sake of health ; task. 

EX'ER-ClSE (5ks'er-siz<>), v. t. To move or cause 
to act, as the body ; to exert or use ; to practice ; 
to train ; to task ; to busy ; v. i. to use action or 
exertion. 

EX-ER-CI-Ta'TION, n. Exercise ; practice. 

EX-ERGUE' (13) (egz-erg'), n. The place on a 
coin or medal, outside the figures, for the date 
or other inscription. [strain ; to put forth. 

EX-eRT' (13) (egz-erf), v. t. To use strength ; to 

EX-eR'TION, n. Effort; act of exerting ; a strug- 
gle. Se^ENDEAYOR. [scale off. 

EX-Fo'LI-aTE, v. i. To come off in scales; to 

EX-FO-LI-a'TION, n. The scaling of a bone, &c. 

EX-HaL'A-BLE (x as gz), a. That may be ex- 
haled. 

EX-HA-La'TION, n. The act or process of ex- 
haling ; vapor ; that which is exhaled. 

EX-HaLE' (60) (egz-hale'), v. t. To send out, as 
vapor, &c. ; to draw out ; to evaporate. 

EX-HAUST' (60) (egs-hawsf), v. t. To draw or 
drain off the whole; to empty; to draw out; to 
expend. [be exhausted. 

EX-HAUST'I-BLE (egs-hawst'e-bl), a. That may 

EX-HAUS'TION (60) (egz-hawst'yun), n. Act of 
emptying; state of being exhausted. 



EX-HAUST'LESS (x as gz), a. That can not be 
exhausted. [heriting. 

EX-HER-E-Da'TION, n. In civil law, a disin- 

EX-HIB'IT (60) (egz-hib'it), v. t. To present to 
view ; to administer ; to show ; to display. 

EX-HIB'IT (x as gz), n. A paper produced as a 
voucher; a sworn deed certified to. 

EX-HiB'IT-ER (x as gz), n. One who exhibits. 

EX-HI-BI"TION (eks-he-bish'un), n. The act of 
exhibiting ; a presenting to view ; display ; pub- 
lic show. 

EX-HI-Bi"TION-ER (eks-), n.. In English uni- 
versities, one who has a pension granted. 

EX-FIiB'IT-iVE (egz-hib'it-iv), a. Showing for 
exhibition. 

EX-HIL'A-RANT, a. Exciting joy, mirth, or 
gladness; n. that which produces mirth or pleas- 
ure, [cheerful or merry. 

EX-HiL'A-RaTE (egz-hil'a-rate), v. t. To make 

EX-HIL-A-Ra'TION, n. The act of making glad ; 
the state of being cheerful. 

EX-H5RT' (60) (egz-horf), v. t. To advise or per- 
suade ; to urge ; v. i. to use words or arguments to 
incite to good deeds. 

EX-IIOR-Ta'TION, n. Act of exhorting ; advice ; 
counsel ; incitement to good. 

EX-H6R'TA-TO-RY, a. Tending to exhort. 

EX-HoRT'ER, n. One who advises or exhorts. 

EX-HU-Ma'TION, n. Act of disinterring; the 
digging up of any thing buried. 

EX-HuME', v. t. To dig out of the earth what 
has been buried ; to disinter. 

£X'I-gENCE, \, otc ^x Jn. Pressing necessity; 

eX'I-gEN-CY,/ (eKS " ; ' "t want; occasion. 

EX'iLE (gks'ile), n. Banishment; a person ban- 
ished, [country ; to drive from one's country. 

EX'iLE (uks'ile), v. t. To banish to a foreign 

EX-ILE', a. Slender ; fine. 

EX-iST' (egz-isf), v. i. To be ; to live ; to remain ; 
to continue in being. [duration. 

EX-IST'ENCE, n. Being; state of having life; 

EX-iST'ENT, a. Having being or life. [death. 

*eX'IT (eks'it), n. [L.] A going out; departure; 

EX-MiN'IS-TER, n. One lately a minister. 

eX'O-DUS (Sks'o-dus), n. Departure, as of the Is- 
raelites from Egypt ; the second book in the Bible. 

EX-og'E-NOUS (egs-oj'e-nus), a. Growing by 
successive additions to the outside of the wood. 

EX-oN'ER-aTE (x as gz), v. t. To free or dis- 
burden. — Syn. To relieve ; exculpate ; clear ; ac- 
quit ; absolve, which see. [ing from a charge. 

EX-ON-ER-a'TION, n. A disburdening; 'a free- 

EX-6N'ER-A-TiVE, a. Freeing from obligation. 

EX'O-RA-BLE (eks'o-ra-bl), a. That may be moved 
by entreaty. 

EX-oR'BI-TANCE, \ ___„.. J n. Extrava- 

EX-oR'BI-TAN-CY,j (xasgz; '"l gance; exces- 
siveness; enormity. [undue; enormous. 

EX-oR'BI-TANT, a. Excessive; unreasonable; 

EX'OR-CISE (eks'-), v. t. To expel, as evil spirits, 
by conjuration; to deliver from evil influences. 

EX'OR-CISM, n. The expulsion of evil spirits by 
certain ceremonies. [spirits. 

EX'OR-CIST (iks'-), n. One who casts out evil 

EX-QR'DI-AL (x as gz), a. Beginning; introduc- 
tory. 

EX-6R'DI-UM (x as gz), n. ; pi. Ex-or'di-ums or 
Ex-Sn'ni-A. Introduction or preamble ; preface. 

EX-OR-Na'TION (eks-), a. Ornament ; embellish- 
ment. 

EX-0-TeR'I€ (eks-), a. External ; applied to doc- 
trines taught publicly; opposed to esoteric or se- 
cret, [a foreign plant or production. 

EX-6T'I€ (egz-ot'ik), a. Foreign ; not native ; n. 

EX-6T'I-CI$M, n. The state of being exotic. 

EX-PAND', v. t. To open; to spread; to dilate. 

EX-PaNSE' (eks-pance'), n. A wide extent of 
space; a spreading out. 

EX-PAN-SI-BiL'I-TY (eks-), n. Capacity of ex- 
tension in surface or bulk. 



I, e, &c, long. — I, £, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



EXP 



153 



EXP 



EX-PaX'SI-BLE,\ a. That can be extended, di- 

EX-PAX'SiLE, j lated, or diffused. 

EX-PAX'SIOX (eks-pan'shun), n. Act of spread- 
ing out ; extent; enlargement; in commerce, in- 
crease of issues of bank-notes. 

EX-PAN' Si VE, a. Having pOi*fer to expand or be 
expanded; wide; widely extended. 

EX-PAX'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
spread, diffused, &c. 

EX-Pa'TIaTE (eks-pa'shate), v. i. To rove ; to 
wander; to enlarge upon in discourse. 

EX-Pa'TRI-aTE (eks-), v. t. To quit one's coun- 
try and renounce citizenship. 

EX-Pa-TRI-a'TION, n. The quitting of one's 
country and the renunciation of allegiance. 

EX-PEOT' (eks-pekf), v. t. To look for or antici- 
pate; to look for as what must be done, as pay- 
ment will be expected when the note is due. — Syn. 
To think ; believe. — Expect always relates to the 
future. To use it for think or believe, with ref- 
erence to the past or present, as, "I expect the 
mail has arrived," " I expect he is at home," is a 
blunder (very common in this conntry) which 
ought to be studiously avoided. 

EX-Pe€T'ANCE, ) n. Act or state of expecting ; 

EX-Pe€T'AX-CY,J something expected ; hop-'. 

EX-Pfi€T'AXT, a. Waiting; looking for; n. one 
who is waiting for; one held in dependence by 
the belief or hope of future good. 

EX-PE€-Ta'TION, n. A looking or waiting for ; 
object of expectation. 

EX-P£€T'ER, n. One who looks or waits for. 

EX-P£€'TO-RAXT, a. Having the quality of 
promoting discharges from the lungs ; n. a med- 
icine that promotes discharges from the lungs. 

EX-Pe€'TO-RaTE, v. t. To discharge from the 
lungs or trachea. 

EX-PE€-TO-Ra'TION, n. Act of discharging 
from the lungs, &c. ; matter so ejected. 

EX-Pe'DI-ENCE, I , , , jn. Fitness or suita- 

EX-PE'DI-EX-OYJ < - eKS " ; ' \ bleness to some 
good end or purpose ; propriety ; advantage ; 
usefulness. 

EX-Pe'DI-EXT, a. Fit ; proper ; suitable ; useful. 

EX-Pe'DI-EXT, n. Way or means to an end. 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT-LY, ad. Fitly; with advantage. 

EX'PE-DlTE, v. t. To hasten forward ; to render 
easy. — Syn. To dispatch ; press forward ; acceler- 
ate; precipitate; hurry; facilitate. [readily. 

KX'PE-DlTE-LY, ad. With quickness or dispatch ; 

EX-PE-Di"TION (eks-pe-dlsh'un), n. Haste; dis- 
patch ; the march of an army or voyage ; an en- 
terprise by a number of persons, &c. 

EX-PE-Di"TIOUS (eks-pe-dish'us), a. Acting with 
celerity ; done with dispatch. — Syn. Quick ; 
speedy; nimble; prompt. 

EX-PE-DI"TIOUS-LY, ad. Speedily; with expe- 
dition or dispatch. 

EX-PeL' (eks-), v. t. To drive out ; to force away ; 
to banish. 

EX-PeL'LA-BLE, a. That may be driven out. 

EX-PeXD' (eks-), v. t. To spend; to lay out; to 
consume; to waste. 

EX-PeX'DI-TORE,\. n. Act of spending ; sum 

EX-PEXSE', j laid out; cost; expense; 

disbursement; charge; waste. 

EX-P£XSE'LESS, a. Free from expense. 

EX-PeN'SiVE, a. Requiring much expense; given 
to expense. — Syn. Dear; high-priced; costlv. 

EX-PEN'SIVE-LY, ad. At great cost or charge. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCE (eks-), n. Trial or series of tri- 
als; result of trials; knowledge from trials or 
practice, <tc. [practice ; to suffer. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, v. t. To try or know by trial or 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCE D (eks-pe're-enst), a. Taught by 
experience; skillful. 

EX-PeR'I-MENT (eks-), n. Trial; essay; an act 
or operation for proving some fact or principle. 

EX-PeR'I-MENT, v. i. To make trial; to search 
by trial; v. t. to know by trial. 



EX-PER-I-MkNT'AL, a. Based on experiment; 
taught or derived from experience. [ence. 

EX-PER-I-MEXT'AL-LY, ad. By trial or experi- 

EX-PeR'I-MEXT-ER, n. One who makes experi- 
ments; one skilled in experiments. 

EX-PeRT' (13) (eks-), a. Taught by practice.— 
Syn. Skillful; dextrous; ready; prompt; clever; 
n. a person well skilled by practice in some busi- 
ness or art. 

EX-PeRT'LY, ad. Dextrously ; skillfully. 

EX-PeRT'NESS, n. Skill derived from practice; 
readiness; dexterity. 

eX'PI-A-BLE, a. That may be expiated. 

£X'PI-aTE (eks-), v. t. To atone for, as a crime; 
to make satisfaction for; to make reparation. 

EX-PI-a'TION, n. Atonement; satisfaction; the 
act of atoning for a crime ; the means by which 
atonement is made. 

eX'PI-A-TO-RY, a. That makes expiation. 

EX-PI-Ra'TION (eks-), n. Act of breathing out; 
end ; death ; evaporation ; vapor. [of breath. 

EX-PI'RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to the emission 

EX-PIRE' (eks-pire'), v. t. To throw breath from 
the lungs; to exhale; v.i. to emit the last breath; 
to perish; to come to an end; to close or con- 
cludej to die. 

EX-PLaIN' (eks-), v. t. To make plain ; to free 
from obscurity ; v. i. to give explanations. — Syn. 
To clear up; elucidate; illustrate; interpret. 

EX-PLaIX^A-BLE, a. That may be made plain. 

EX-PLA-Na'TION, n. Act of making plain ; in- 
terpretation ; a mutual exposition of meaning or 
motives; reconciliation. — Syn. Explication; in- 
terpretation; illustration; recital. See Defini- 
tion. 

EX-PLaN'A-TO-RY, a. Serving to explain. 

EX'PLE-TIVE (eks'ple-tiv), n. A word or syllable 
inserted to fill a vacancy or for ornament; a. fill- 
ing; added for supply. 

eX'PLE-TO-RY. a. Serving to fill. [explained. 

EX'PLI-CA-BLE (C-ks'ple-ka-bl), a. That can be 

EX'PLI-CaTE, v. t. To unfold ; to show ; to ex- 
plain; to_ clear of difficulties. [tion. 

EX-PLI-€a'TIOX, n. An unfolding; interpreta- 

eX'PLI-€a-TIVE, ? a. Tending to lay open or 

eX'PLI-Oa-TO-RY,] expound. 

EX-PLiC'IT (eks-plis'it), a. Literally, unfolded ; 
hence, made in the plainest terms ; not obscure 
or ambiguous. — Syn. Express. — ExprehS is stron- 
ger than explicit : it adds force to clearness. An 
express promise or engagement is not only un- 
ambiguous, but stands out {expressed) in bold re- 
lief, with the most binding hold on the conscience. 

EX-PLICIT-LY, ad. Clearly; expressly; unam- 
biguously, [rect expression. 

EX-PLiC'IT-NESS, n. Plainness of language ; di- 

EX-PLoDE' (eks-), v. i. To burst with loud re- 
port; v. t. to drive into disrepute; to treat with 
contempt. 

EX-PLOIT' (eks-), n. A heroic deed ; a great 
achievement; a great act of wickedness. 

EX-PLO-Ra'TIOX, n. Act of exploring ; strict or 
careful examination ; close search. [amining. 

EX-PLoR'A-TO-RY, a. Serving to explore; ex- 

EX-PLoRE' (eks-plore'), v. t. To search ; to exam- 
ine ; to scrutinize ; to pry into. 

EX-PLo'$IOX (eks-plo'zhun), n. A bursting with 
noise; a sudden expansion of elastic fluid with 
loud discharge. [causing explosion. 

EX-PLo'SiVE, a. Driving or bursting with force ; 

EX-Po'NENT (eks-po'nent), n. A figure in alge- 
bra that shows how often a root is repeated ; an 
index or representation. 

EX-PoRT' (eks-), v. t. To carry out or send goods, 
in traffic, from one country or state to another. 

EX'PoRT, n. That which is carried out of a coun- 
try in commerce. 

EX-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That can be exported. 

EX-PoR-Ta'TION, n. The carrying of goods out 
of the country. 



dove, wolf, nooii ; etjle, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; tiasj; s as z ; en as su ; this. * Xot English. 



EXP 



154 



EXT 



EX-PoRT'ER, n. One who exports. 

+EX-PO-SE' (eks-po-zaO, n. [PV.] A laying open; 
a formal statement of facts, reasons, &c. 

EX-PoSE' (eks-poze'), v. t. To lay open or bare ; 
to exhibit; to remove from shelter; to lay open 
to attack ; to make liable ; to put in danger. 

EX-PoS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being exposed ; 
a being open to attack or in danger. 

EX-PO-$i"TION (eks-po-zish'un), n. Explana- 
tion ; situation for opening to view ; an exhibi- 
tion of arts, &c. 

EX-PoS'I-TIVE, "f a. Laying open ; explanato- 

EX-Po$'I-TO-RY,j ry. 

EX-PoS'I-TOR, n. An interpreter ; an expounder. 

EX-POST'u-LaTE (eks-post'yu-late), v. i. To 
reason earnestly ; to remonstrate. 

EX-POST-u-La'TION, n. Earnest reasoning 
with; remonstrance. 

EX-PoST'u-LA-TO-RY, a. Containing expostu- 
lation. 

EX-PoS'uRE (eks-po'zhur), n. Act or state of 
being laid open to view, to danger, or any incon- 
venience ; the situation of a place in regard to a 
free access of air, sunshine, &c. 

EX-POUND' (eks-), v. t. To explain ; to interpret. 

EX-POUND'ER, n. One who lays open the mean- 
ing. 

EX-PReSS' (eks-), v. t. Literally, to press out ; to 
utter in language ; to represent; to show or make 
known. — Syn. To declare ; indicate ; exhibit. 

EX-PReSS', a. Made in direct terms, as a prom- 
ise ; not implied ; very or exact, as for the express 
purpose ; belonging to an express, as the express 
office. — Syn. Explicit, which see. 

EX-PReSS', n. A. special messenger; message 
sent ; a regular conveyance for packages, &c. 

EX-PReSS'I-BLE, a. That may be uttered or ex- 
pressed ; that may be squeezed out. 

EX-PReS'SION (eks-presh'un), n. A pressing out ; 
form of speech; declaration; representation; elo- 
cution; tone and grace of voice; manner of set- 
ting forth ideas; a quantity in algebraic form. 

EX-PReS'SION-LESS, a. Without expression. 

EX-PReSS'iVE, a. Adapted to express ; emphat- 
ical. 

EX-PRfiSS'iVE-LY, ad. With force or emphasis. 

EX-PRES-Si"VO (eks-pres-se'vo), [7i.] With ex- 
pression. 

EX-PRESS'LY, ad. In direct terms; plainly. 

eX'PKO-BRaTE, v. t. To upbraid ; to condemn. 

EX-PRo'PRI-aTE, v. t. To disengage from ap- 
propriation ; to give up a claim. 

EX-PuGN' (eks-pune'), v. t. To take by assault. 

EX-PUG-Na'TION, n. A taking by assault. 

EX-PuL'SION (eks-piil'shun), n. Act of expelling. 

EX-PuL'SiVE, a. Tending to drive out. [ing. 

EX-PuNC'TION, n. Act of blotting out or eras- 

EX-PuNgE' (eks-punf), v. t. To blot or cross out; 
to erase ; to efface ; to rub out ; to destroy. 

EX-PuR'GaTE, v. t. To cleanse ; to purify from 
any thing noxious, offensive, or erroneous. 

EX-PUR-Ga'TION, n. Act of purifying. 

£X'PUR-Ga-TOR, n. One who purifies or cleanses. 

eX'QUT-SiTE (5ks'kwe-zit), a. Literally, sought 
out; hence, highly finished; peculiarly fine or 
delicate; very keenly felt. — Syn. Nice; exact; 
refined ; accurate ; consummate ; perfect ; n. one 
of ridiculous nicety in dress, &c. ; a dandy. 

EX'QUI-SITE-LY, ad. Nicely; completely. 

EX-SAN G 'GUT-OUS (eks-sang'gwe-us), a. Desti- 
tute of blood. 

EX-SClND', v. t. To cut off. 

EX-SeN'A-TOR, n. One lately senator. 

EX-SIC'CANT (eks-sik'kant), a. Drying; tend- 
ing to dry. [orate moisture. 

EX-Si€'€aTE, v. t. To dry; to exhaust or evap- 

EX-Si€'€A-TiVE, a. Tending to make dry. 

EX-Su€'T10N (eks-suk'shun), n. Act of sucking 
out. 

EX-SU-Da'TION, n. Discharges by sweating. 



EX-SuDE'. See Exude. [pressed or lost. 

EX'TANT (Sks'tant), a. Now in being; not sup- 

EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-0_US, > a. Composed, per- 

EX-TEM'PO-RA-RY, j" formed, or uttered 

without previous study ; unpremeditated. 

EX-TeM'PO-RE, ad. Without previous study. 

EX-TeM'PO-RiZE, v. i. To utter without study. 

EX-TeND', v. t. To spread out; to stretch forth; 
to lengthen out; to bestow; v. i. to stretch; to 
reach. — Syn. To enlarge; expand; widen; dif- 
fuse ; prolong. 

EX-TlN?'I I -B 3 L : E E, } a - That can be exten(ied - 

EX-TEN-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. Quality of being ex- 
tensible ; in x>hysics, the operation of being drawn 
out when subjected to force. 

EX-TeN'SION, n. Act of extending ; a stretching 
out ; a spreading; in physics, the extent of a body 
in length, breadth, or thickness; in physiology, 
the straightening of a limb previously bent, &c. ; 
in surgery, the reduction of a dislocated or broken 
limb, &c. ; in mercantile language, grant of lon- 
ger time for payment of debts. 

EX-TeN'SiVE, a. Large ; wide ; of great extent. 

EX-TeN'SiVE-LY, ad. Widely ; largely. 

EX-TeNT', n. Space ; compass ; bulk ; length. 

EX-TeN'u-aTE (eks-ten'yu-ate), v. t. To make 
thin ; to lessen ; to palliate ; to diminish in honor. 

EX-TEN-u-a'TION, n. Act of lessening ; making 
thinj palliating, &c. 

EX-Te'RI-OR, a. Outward; external; foreign; 
n. the outward appearance or surface; that which 
is external or visible. 

EX-TeR'MIN-aTE (13), v. t. To root out; to 

« drive away ; to destroy utterly ; to take away. 

EX-TeR-MIN-a'TION, w. A rooting out; extir- 
pation. 

EX-TeR'MIN-a-TOR, n. One who exterminates. 

EX-TeR'MIN-A-TO-RY, a. Tending to extir- 
pate, [visible; apparent. 

EX-TER'NAL (13) (eks-), a. Outward; foreign; 

EX-TeR'NAL-LY, ad. Outwardly ; in show. 

EX-TeR'NALS, n. pi. Outward rites and ceremo- 
nies. 

EX-TiLL', v. %. To drop or distill from. 

EX-TiNCT' (eks-tinkf), a. Extinguished; exist- 
ing no more ; ceased. 

EX-TINC'TION, n. Abolition ; destruction ; state 
of being quenched or put out; a putting an end to. 

EX-TiN G 'GUISH (eks-ting'gwish), v. t. To put 
out; to quench ; to destroy; to cloud; to put an 
end to. 

EX-TiN G 'GUISH-A-BLE (eks-ting'gwish-a-bl), 0. 
That mav be quenched or destroyed. 

EX-TiN G 'GUISH-ER, n. He or that which extin- 
guishes ; utensil to put out candles. 

EX-TiN G 'GUISH-MENT (-ting'gwish-), n. A put- 
ting out or quenching; destruction; putting an 
end to a right or estate. 

EX-TiR'PaTE (eks-tir'pate), v. t. To root out; to 
destroy wholly. 

EX-TiR-Pa'TION, n. Act of rooting out; total 
destruction. 

£X'TiR-PA-TOR, n. One who extirpates; a de- 
stroyer. 

EX-ToL', v. t. Literally, to raise high ; to praise 
greatly. — Syn. To exalt ; commend ; laud ; eulo- 
gize ; glorify. See Celebkate. 

EX-T6RT', v. t. To exact oppressively; to wrest; 
v. i. to practice oppression. 

EX-ToR'TION (eks-tor'shun), n. Unlawful exac- 
tion ; oppression. 

EX-T6R'TION-A-RY,\a. Oppressive; contain- 

EX-ToR'TION-ATE, j ing extortion. [tion. 

EX-T6R'TION-ER, n. One who practices extor- 

EX'TRA, a Latin preposition, signifies without, or 
beyond, or in excess. 

EX'TRACT (eks'trakt), n. A substance drawn 
from another ; a passage taken from a writing or 
book. 



a, 1, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; theke, teem; marine, bird; move, 



EXT 



155 



FAC 



EX-TRACT', v. t. To draw out ; to take ; to select 
from a book or writing. 

EX-TRACTION (eks-trak'shun), n. A drawing 
out ; lineage ; in chemistry, the act of separating 
a simple or compound substance from the body 
of which it is a constituent part. 

EX-TRACT'iVE, a. That may be extracted. 

EX-TRA-Di'TION (eks-tra-dlsh'un), n. Delivery 
on the part of one government to another of an 
accused person. [al course of law. 

EX-TRA-JU-Di"CIAL (-dish'al) , a. Out of the usu- 

EX-TRA-MuN'DANE, a. Beyond the limits of the 
material world. 

EX-TRa'NE-OUS, a. Foreign ; not intrinsic. 

EX-TRA-OF-FI"CIAL, n. Not belonging to of- 
ficial duty. 

EX-TRAoR'DI-NA-RIES (eks-tror'de-na-riz), n. 
pi. Things which exceed the usual order, kind, 
or method. [commonly ; eminently. 

EX-TRAoR'DI-NA-RI-LY (eks-tr5r'-), ad, Un- 

EX-TRAoR'DI-NA-RY (ex-tror'-) , a, Special ; par- 
ticular ; uncommon; remarkable. 

EX-TRA-PA-Ro'CHI-AL, a. Not within a parish. 

EX-TRA-PRO-FeS'SION-AL (-pro-fesh'-un-al), a. 
Foreign to a profession. 

EX-TRA-TER-RI-To'RI-AL, a. Beyond the limits 
of a territory or particular jurisdiction. 

EX-TRA-TR6P'I€-AL, a. Without the tropics, 
north or south. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANCE, \ n. [X.] A wandering be- 

EX-TRaV'A-GAN-CY,j yond a limit; a going 
beyond the limits of strict truth or probability ; 
excess of affection; superfluous expense. — Stn. 
Wildness; irregularity; excess; prodigality; pro- 
fusion; waste. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANT, a. Exceeding due bounds ; 
lavish in expenses. — Syn. Excessive; irregular; 
wild; chimerical; wasteful; prodigal; profuse. 

EX-TRAV'A-SaTE, v. t. To let out of the proper 
vessels, as blood. [er vessels. 

EX-TRaV'A-Sa-TED, a. Forced out of the prop- 

EX-TRAV-A-Sa'TION, n. A letting out of the 
proper vessels. 

EX-TREME' (eks-tremeO,«. Outermost; utmost; 
beyond which there is none; last; most violent; 
greatest, worst, or best. 

EX-TReME', n. Utmost limit ; end ; highest 
point ; furthest degree. 

EX-TReME'LY, ad. In the utmost degree. 

EX-TReME' uNCTION, among the Roman Cath- 
olics, is the anointing of a sick person with oil 
just before his death. 

EX-TReM'I-TY, n. End ; limit ; utmost degree ; 
greatest distress ; difficulties ; violence. 

EX'TRI-CA-BLE, a. That may be extricated. 

eX'TRI-CaTE, v. t. To set free ; to disentangle. 

EX-TRI-Ca'TION, n. Act of disentangling. 

EX-TRiN'SIC, ? a. Outward ; external ; for- 

EX-TRiN'SlC-AL,j eign. 

EX-TRCDE', v. t. To thrust out ; to expel, [out. 

EX-TRi'«ION (eks-tru'zhun), n. Act of thrusting 

EX-Tu'BER-ANCE, n. Protuberance; a knob. 

EX-Tu'BER-ANT, a. Swelled; standing out. 

EX-TU-MeS'CENCE, n. A swelling or rising. 

EX-u'BER-ANCE, \ (egz-), n. Literally, a burst- 

EX-u'BER-AN-CY,/ ing forth with richness.— 
Syn. Plenty; abundance. — Plenty is a, plenum ox 
fullness of all that could be desired ; abundance 
is overflowing plenty ; exuberance is abundance 
carried to excess. 

EX-u'BER-ANT, a. Luxuriant; abundant. 

EX-u'BER-ANT-LY, ad. Abundantly; plenteous- 
ly ; in a superfluous degree. 

EX-u'BER-aTE, v.i. To abound; to be in great 
abundance. [the juices of plants. 

EX-u-Da'TION, n. A sweating; a discharge of 

EX-uDE', n. (. To sweat out; to issue forth. 

EX-uL'CER-aTE (egz-ul'cer-fite), v. t. To cause or 
grow to an ulcer; to fret; to corrode; V. i. to be- 
come an ulcer or ulcerous. 



EX-uLT' (cgz-ult'), v. i. To rejoice greatly. 
EX-UL-Ta'TION (egz-ul-tii'shun), n. Expression 

of great joy ; triumph. [ing abundance. 

EX-UX-Da'TION (eks-un-da'shun), n. Overflow- 
EX-CS'TION (eks-ust'yun), n. The act of burn- 

ingjip. 
+EX-u'VT-^E (egs-yii've-e), n. pi. [L.~\ Cast skins 

_or shells; something cast off ; fossil remains. 
Ey'AS (i'as), n. A young eagle or hawk just taken 

from the nest, not able to prey for itself. 
EvE (i), n. Organ of sight; sight or view; re- 
gard ; observations ; view of the mind ; notice ; 

a small hole ; the bud of a plant. 
EvE (I), v. t. To watch; to observe; to view. 
EvE'BALL (f bawl), n. The ball of the eye. 
EvE'BROW (I'brow), n. Hair growing over the 

eyes. [eyelid. 

EyE'LASH (i'lash), n. Hair on the edge of the 
EyE'LESS, a. Having no eyes; blind. 
EyE'LET-HoLE,\ n. A small hole for lace or 
ETE'LET, j" cord. 

EvE'LID, n. The cover of the eye. 
EyE'-SeRV-ANT (i'-ser-vant), n. A servant that 

requires watching. [employer is looking on. 

EvE'-SeRV-iCE, n. Service done only when the 
EyE'SHOT (i'shot), n. Glance of the eye ; sight ; 

the sense of seeing. 
EyE'SIGHT (i'site), n. The sight of the eye. 
EyE'SoRE (i'sore), n. Something offensive to the 

jdght. _ [that is used to clean dust from the eye. 
EyE'-SToNE (f stone), n. A small calcareous stone 
ETE'-TOOTH (i'tooth), n. The tooth next the 

grinders. [fies. 

EyE'-WiT-NESS, n. One who saw what he testi- 
EYRE (are), n. A journey or circuit; a court of 

itinerant justices. 
eY'RY (a'ry), n. An aerie; a place where eagles 

or other birds of prey build their nests. 



F. 



F 



is a labial consonant, with but one uniform as- 
pirated sound, continuous at pleasure. Its kin- 
dred letter v is chiefly distinguished from / by 
being vocal. 

Fa is_the fourth note in the gamut. 

FA.-Ba'CEOUS, a. Having the nature of a bean. 

Fa'BI-AN, a. Delaying ; avoiding battle, like Fa- 
bius, the victorious Roman general. 

Fa'BLE, n. A fictitious story intended to enforce 
jome useful truth or moral precept ; a fiction. 

Fa'BLE, v. t. To feign or invent stories ; to devise. 

Fa'BLE, v. i. To feign ; to write fiction ; to lie. 

Fa'BLER, n. A writer of feigned stories ; one who 
deals in fictions. 

FaB'RIO, n. A building ; a structure ; a manu- 
factured article, especially cloth. 

FaB'RIO-aTE, v. t. To forge ; to devise falsely ; 
to construct. 

FAB-RI-€a'TION, n. That which is forged, 
framed, or built; a framing or forging. See 
Fiction. 

FAB'RI€-A-TOR,n. One who constructs or frames. 

FaB'u-LIST, n. One who invents fables. 

FaB'u-LOUS, a. Feigned ; invented ; forged ; 
false; unreal. 

FAB'fj-LOUS-LY, ad. With fiction ; feignedly. 

FA-CaDE' (fa-sade'), n. [Fa] Front ; front view 
or elevation of an edifice. 

FaCE, n. The forepart of the head ; surface of a 
thing ; visage ; presence ; appearance ; sight ; 
front; countenance; boldness; impudence. 

FaCE, v. t. To meet in front ; to oppose ; to cov- 
er; to look down. 

FaCE, v. i. To carry a false appearance. 

FACET (fiis'et), n. A little face, as of a diamond. 

+FA-Ci-;'TI-yE (fa-se'she-e), n. x>l. [2y.] Humorous 
writings; witty sayings. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; yi"cious. — o as k ; g as j ; s as z; CHassH; Tins. * Not English. 



FAC 



156 



FAQ 



FA-Ce'TIOUS (-se'shus), a. Full of pleasantry or 
wit ; exciting laughter. — Syn. Witty ; humor- 
ous; jocose; jocular; merry; sprightly; gay. 

FA-CE'TIOUS-LY, ad. With humor; merrily. 

Fa'CIAL (ffi'shal), a. Pertaining to the face. 

FA'CIAL AN g 'GLE. The angle made by a line 
drawn across from the middle of the ear to the 
edge of the nostrils, and another from this point 
to the ridge of the frontal bone. 

FACILE (fas'il), a. Easy to be done ; easy to yield ; 
easy of access. — Syn. Pliant; flexible; yielding; 
ductile. 

FA-CIL'I-TaTE, v. t. To make easy; to lessen 
the labor of. 

FA-CiL'I-TIES (-sil'e-tiz), n. pi. Means of easy 
performance ; convenient opportunities or ad- 
vantages. 

FA-CIL'I-TY, n. Ease of performance ; easiness 
of temper; readiness proceeding from skill or 
use. — Syn. Expertness; readiness. — Facility sup- 
poses a natural or acquired power of dispatching 
a task with lightness and dexterity ; expertness 
is facility acquired by long-continued practice; 
readiness marks the promptitude with which any 
thing is done. A merchant needs great facility 
in dispatching business ; a banker, great expert- 
ness in casting accounts; both need great readi- 
ness in passing from one employment to another. 

FA'CING, n. A covering in front; the movement 
of troops from right to left, &c. ; the lappets, col- 
lars, &c, of uniform ; a thin layer of soil or earth 
on the slopes of railways, canals, &c. ; wooden 
covering on the sides of doors and windows, &c. ; 
last layer of stucco or plaster on walls, &c. 

FAC-SiM'I-LE, n. Exact likeness or copy, as of 
hand-writing. 

FACT, n. Literally, a thing done ; reality. — Syn. 
Event ; occurrence ; circumstance, which see. 

FACTION, n. A party acting from selfish motives 
against a government or established order of 
things ; dissension. See Cabal. 

FAC'TION-IST, n. One who promotes faction. 

FA€'TIOUS (f ak'shus), a. Given to party or dis- 
sension, [faction. 

Fa€'TIOUS-LY, a. With the spirit or feelings of 

FA€-Ti"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Produced by art ; ar- 
tificial. — Syn. Unnatural. — A thing is unnatural 
when it departs in any way from its simple or nor- 
mal state ; it is factitious when it is wrought out 
or wrought up by labor and effort, as & factitious 
excitement. There is much that is unnatural in 
Europe, but far more that is factitious in America. 

FACTOR, n. An agent in trade ; a substitute ; in 
arithmetic, the multiplier and the multiplicand. 

FAG'TOR-AgE, n. Compensation to a factor. 

FAG'TO-RY, n. House of a factor ; manufactory. 

*FAC-To'TUM, n. [L., do every thing.] A serv- 
ant employed in all kinds of work. 

FAG'UL-TY, n. A power of the mind ; power or 
skill in performing; legal right; body of pro- 
fessional men, particularly medical ; officers of 
a college. — Syn. Talent ; gift ; endowment ; dex- 
terity ; adroitness ; knack. [speech. 

FA-GuN'DI-TY, n. Eloquence ; readiness of 

FAD'DLE, v. i. To trifle; to toy; to play the 
fool. 

FaDE, v. i. To wither; to decay; to lose color; 
to lose strength ; to become\)oor. 

FADE'LESS, a. Unfading. 

FAD6E (faj), v. i. To suit; to fit; to join closely. 

FaD'ING, ppr. or a. Subject to decay; liable to 
lose freshness or to perish; n. loss of color, 
freshness, or vigor ; decay. 

FaD'Y. a. Tending to fade or decay. 

F.E'GAL. See Fecal. 

FJE'CeS (fe'sez), n. pi. Excrement; settlings. 

FA'ER-Y, a. Pertaining to fairies. See Faiey. 

FAG, v. t. To compel to drudge ; v. i. to become 
weary; to fail in strength ; to drudge. 

FAG-END', n. Untwisted end of a rope; last 



refuse or meaner part of a thing ; the end of a 
web of cloth. 

FAG'OT, n. A bundle of wood or sticks used for 
fuel, or for raising batteries, and other purposes 
in fortification. 

FAG'OT, v. t. To tie or bind in a bundle. 

FaIL, v. i. To become deficient; to decay; to de- 
cline; to cease; to perish ; to miss; to miscarry; 
to fall short ; to become insolvent ; v. t. to desert; 
to disappoint; to cease to aid; to omit. 

FAIL, n. Omission ; non-performance ; want. 

FaIL'ING, n. A deficiency or giving out; an im- 
perfection. — Syn. Fault; foible. — X fault is pos- 
itive, something definite and marked which 
impairs excellence ; a failing is negative, some 
weakness in a man's character, disposition, or 
habit; a foible is a less important weakness, 
which we overlook or smile at. A man may 
have many failings, and yet commit but few 
fa.ults ; or his faults and failings may be few, 
while his foibles are obvious to all. 

FaIL'uRE, n. Non-performance ; cessation of 
supply ; deficiencj'' or fault ; act of becoming in- 
solvent. — Syn. Shortcoming ; neglect ; defect ; 
frailty. See Failing. 

FaIN, a. Glad; pleased; rejoiced. 

FAIN, ad. Gladly 

FaINT, a. Inclined to swoon ; weakened by ex- 
haustion ; not vigorous; wanting in strength or 
definiteness, as a faint sound, &c. — Syn. Feeble; 
weak ; languid ; exhausted ; spiritless. 

FAINT, v. i. To swoon ; to sink with fatigue or 
fear. 

FaINT'-HEaRT-ED, a. Timorous ; cowardly. 

FaINT'ING, n. A swoon ; temporary loss of res- 
piration, strength, and color. 

FAINT'ISH, a. Slightly faint. 

FaINT'LY, ad. Feebly; weakly; imperfectly. 

FaINT'NESS, n. Loss of color and respiration ; 
want of vigor ; feebleness of representation. 

FAINTS, n. pi. An impure spirit that comes over 
at the commencement and close of distillation. 

FAIR (4), a. Literally, free from spot, from blem- 
ish, from obstruction, from perversion, &c, as 
fair Aveather, a fair countenance, a, fair Avind, a 
fair proposal ; also, medium or moderate, as a 
fair quality. — Syn. Pure; frank; honest; can- 
did ; equitable ; merited. 

FAIR, ad. Openly; frankly; civilly; equitably. 

FAIR, n. A handsome Avonian ; a stated market ; 
the fair, the female sex. 

FAIR'LY, ad. Conveniently; openly; .justly; 
honestly ; fully ; gently. 

FAIR'NESS, n. Open, just conduct; clearness; 
beauty; purity; candor; equity; distinctness. 

FAlR'-SPo-K_EN, a. Courteous in speech; civil. 

FAIR'Y, n. An imaginary being or spirit sup- 
posed to assume a human form, dance in mead- 
oavs, steal infants, &c. 

FAIR'Y, a. Belonging to fairies ; given by fairies. 

FAIR'Y-LAND, n. The imaginary land or abode 
of fairies. 

FaITH, n. Belief; trust; the assent of the mind 
to what is declared by another on his authority 
and veracity ; in theology, the assent of the 
mind to the truth of AA r hat God has revealed ; the 
object of belief; the doctrines believed; fidelity; 
sincerity; veracity; honor. 

FaITH'FUL, a. Firm to the truth, to trust, or to 
covenants ; loyal ; constant. [steadily. 

FaITH'FUL-LY, ad. Honestly; Avith fidelity; 

FaITH'FUL-NESS, n. Fidelity; firm adherence 
to truth or trust ; truth. 

FaITH'LESS, a. Without faith ; Aranting in fidel- 
ity ; false to duty ; false to the marriage covenant. 
— Syn. Unbelieving ; treacherous; disloyal; per- 
fidious ; neglectful. 

FaKE, n. A coil or turn of a cable Avhen coiled. 

Fa'KIR (fii'ker), \ n. A Mohammedan monk or 

Fa'QUI'R (fa'keer),] hermit in India. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; these, teem; maeine, bied; move, 



FAL 



157 



PAN 



FaL'CaTE, \ a. Hooked; like a scythe; as ap- 

FAL'Ca-TED,)" plied to the moon, horned or 
crescent-shaped. [sword. 

FAL'CHION (fawl'chun), n. A short, crooked 

FaL'CI-FORM, a. Resembling a sickle. 

FAL'€ON (faw'kn or fal'kon), n. A hawk, espe- 
cially one trained to sport. 

FAL'€ON-ER (faw'kner or fal'kon-er), n. One 
who breeds and trains hawks for catching wild 

FaL'€ON-ET, n. A small cannon. [fowls. 

FAL'€ON-RY (faw'kn-ry or fal'kon-ry), n. The 
art of training hawks ; the art or practice of 
taking wild fowls by means of hawks. 

FALL, v. i. [pret. Fell, andpj). Fallen.] To de- 
scend by gravity ; to drop ; to decline ; to sink ; 
to decrease ; to apostatize ; to perish ; to flow. 

FALL, n. The general idea is that of descending 
from a higher place, state, &c, to a lower, as 
the fall of Rome, a fall of prices, &c. ; hence, a 
descent of water, as Niagara Falls; autumn, or 
the fall of the leaf (provincial in England). 

FAL-La'CIOUS (-lii'shus), a. Not well founded; 
mocking expectation. — Syn. Deceptive ; delu- 
sive ; sophistical. 

FAL-La'CIOUS-LY, ad. With deception. 

FAL'LA-CY, n. A deception or false appearance; 
an inconclusive argument. — Syn. Sophistry. — A 
fallacy is an argument which professes to be de- 
cisive, but in reality is not; soiihistry is also 
false reasoning, but of so specious and subtle a 
kind as to render it difficult to expose its, fallacy. 
Many fallacies are obvious, but the evil of soj)h- 
iatry lies in its consummate art. See Delusion. 

FALL'is'N (faw'ln), pp. or a. of Fall. Dropped ; 
descended; degraded; decreased; ruined. 

FALLEN, a. Brought down from a higher place 
or state ; degraded ; ruined. 

FAL-LI-BiL'I-TY, n. Liableness to err or to be 
deceived; uncertainty; liableness to deceive. 

FAL'LI-BLE, a. Liable to err or to be deceived. 

FALL-IN G-SICK'NESS, n. The epilepsy. 

FAL-Lo'PI-AN, a. A term applied to two ducts 
arising from the womb, usually called tubes. 

FAL'LoW, a. Literally, failure in color; hence, 
applied to animals of a pale red or yellow color, 
as a fallow deer ; also to unplowed land, having 
a withered appearance. [not sowed. 

FaL'LoW, n. ILand left untilled, or plowed and 

FAL'LoW, v. t. To plow, harrow, and break with- 
out sowing. [ground. 

Fx\.L'LoW-€RoP, n. The crop taken from fallow 

FaL'LoW-DEER, n. A species of deer smaller 
thanjhe stag, common in parks. 

FAL'LoW-ING, n. The plowing and harrowing 
of land without sowing it. 

FALSE, a. Not true; not well founded; counter- 
feit ; not honest ; not faithful ; hypocritical ; not 
solid or sound. 

FALSE'HOOD, n. Want of truth or veracity ; an 
untrue assertion. — Syn. Untruth; fabrication; 
falsity ; lie, which see. [keel. 

FALSE -KEEL, n. The timber below the main 

FALSE'LY, ad. Erroneously ; treacherously. 

FALSE'NESS, n. Want of truth or integrity ; du- 
plicity. 

+FAL-S£T'TO, n. [7?.] In music, an artificial 
voice or mode of singing by contracting the glot- 
tis, and thus extending the natural compass about 
an octave higher. 

FAL-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of making false. 

FALS'I-Fi-ER, n. One who counterfeits, forges, 
or gives to a thing a false appearance. 

F-ALST-Fy, v. t. To counterfeit ; to forge ; to dis- 
prove; to break one's word. 

FALS'I-TY, n. Contrariety to truth.— Syn. False- 
hood ; lie. — Falsity denotes the state or quality 
of being false; a. falsehood is a false declaration 
designedly made; a lie is a gross, unblushing 
falsehood. It is a vulgar error to speak of 
"telling & falsity." It is an equal error to say, 



"I perceive the falsehood of your declaration or 
statement." 

FAL'TER, v. i. To hesitate in speech ; to stam- 
mer ; to be unsteady ; to fail or yield in exertion. 

FAL'TER-ING-LY, ad. With stammering ; trem- 
blingly; timidly. [mor. 

FaME, n. [Z/.] Renown; favorable report; ru- 

FaMjET) (fanid), a. Renowned ; celebrated. 

FaME'LESS, a. Having no fame; not known 
abroad. 

FA-MiL'IAR (fa-mil'yar), a. Affable ; free ; inti- 
mate ; well acquainted with ; domestic ; com- 
mon ; n. an intimate acquaintance; a supposed 
demon or evil spirit attending a person. 

FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY, n. Intimate acquaintance ; 
ease in conversation or intercourse. — Syn. Fel- 
lowship ; intimacy ; acquaintance, which see. 

FA-MiL'IAR-IZE, v. t. To habituate ; to accus- 
tom ; to make intimate. 

FA-MiL'IAR-LY, ad. Intimately; without for- 
mality; frequently; commonly. 

FaM'I-LY, n. Household ; lineage ; tribe ; honor- 
able descent; genealogy. 

FAMINE, n. Want of sufficient food ; dearth. 

FaM'ISH, v.t. To starve; to destroy with hun- 
ger; to exhaust strength or distress by hunger 
or thirst; v. i. to die of hunger; to be distressed 
with want ; to be exhausted for want of food, &c. 

FAM'ISH-MENT, n. Extreme Avant of food ; great 
hunger or thirst. 

Fa'MOUS, a. Celebrated in fame or public report; 
excellent; notorious — used both in a good and a 
bad sense. — Syn. Renowned ; illustrious. — Fa- 
mous is applied to a person or thing widely spoken 
of as extraordinary; renowned, to those who are 
named again and again with honor ; illustrious, to 
those who have dazzled the world by the splendor 
of their deeds or their virtues. Napoleon was 
famous; Alexander was renowned; Washington 
was illustrious. 

Fa'MOUS-LY, ad. With great renown. [rity. 

Fa'MOUS-NESS, n. Renown; great fame; celeb- 

FaN, n. An instrument which, moved back and 
forth, stirs the air and cools the face ; one to win- 
now g/'ain ; a wing ; a small vane. 

FAN, v. t. To blow or winnow with a fan. 

FA-NaT'I€, ) a. Wild and extravagant in 

FA-NaT'I€-AL,J opinions. 

FA-NaT'IC, n. One who indulges in wild and ex- 
travagant notions, especially on religion ; bigot. 

FA-NITTC-AL-LY, ad. With wild fanaticism. 

FA-NaT'I-CI$M, n. Wild and extravagant no- 
tions; religious frenzy. See Enthusiasm. 

FaN'CI-ED (lau'sid), a. Conceived ; liked. 

FaN'CI-FUL, a. Noting an excess of fancy; not 
solid or real ; full of wild images. — Syn. Fantas- 
tical ; visionary. — Fanciful notions are the prod- 
uct of a heated fancy, without any support in 
reason or truth ; fantastical schemes or systems 
are made up of oddly-assorted fancies, often of 
the most whimsical kind ; visionary expectations 
are those which can never be realized in fact. 

FaN'CI-FUL-LY, ad. Wildly ; according to fancy. 

FaN'CY, n. The faculty of forming images in the 
mind; notion; taste; whim; liking; the Fancy, 
sporting characters. See Imagination. 

FaN'CY, v. t. To form a conception ; to be pleased 
with; to like; to suppose; to long for; v.i. to 
imagine ; to figure to one's self; to believe or sup- 
pose without proof. 

FaN'CY-BALL, n. A ball in which persons ap- 
pear in fancy-dresses. 

FaN'CY-FREE, a. Free from the power of love. 

FAN-DAN G 'GO, n. A Spanish dance. 

FaNE, n. A temple ; a church. 

FaN'FA-RON, n. A bully ; a blusterer. 

FAN-FAR-ON-aDE', n. A swaggering ; a vain 
boasting; ostentation; a bluster. 

FANG, n. A tmk : a claw or talon ; a nail. 

FAN G 'G7iD (fangd ), a. Having fangs or claws. 



dove, wolf, book ; KijLE, lull ; vi"cious. — o as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; this. * Not Fnglislu 



FAN 



158 



FAT 



FaN g 'GLI£D (fang'gld), a. Made gaudy; showy; 
mostly with new, as new-fangled. 

FANG'LESS, a. Having no fangs or tusks. 

FAN'ION (f an'yun), n. A small flag carried with 
the baggage. [open fan or semicircle. 

FAN'-LiGHT, n. A window in the form of an 

FAN'NER, n. One who fans ; a ventilator in a 
window by means of vanes or disks. 

FAN-Ta'$I-A, n. A piece of music, not restricted 
to the rules of art, but in which the composer 
may yield himself to his fervor and fancy. 

FAN'TASM, n. An idle conceit ; a whim. 

FAN-TAS'TIC, \ a. Arising from or showing 

FAN-TAS'TI€-AL,j a great excess of fancy; 
whimsical. See Fanciful. 

FAN-TAS'TI€-AL-LY, ad. Whimsically; oddly. 

FAN'TA-SY, n. [Now written fancy. ] Fancy; 
conceit. 

FA-QUIR' or FA-QUEER'. See Fakib. 

FaR, a. Distant; remote. 

FXR, ad. To or at a great distance. 

FXRCE, n. Literally, stuffed ; a short play design- 
ed wholly to make fun ; mere sport. 

FXRCE, v. t. To stuff; to swell out. 

FXR'CI-€AL, a. Belonging to farce ; droll. 

FXR'CI-€AL-LY, ad. Like a farce ; ridiculously. 

FXR'DEL, n. A little pack ; a pack-saddle. 

FARE (4), v. i. To go ; to move forward or pass ; 
to be in a good or bad state ; to happen ; to be 
entertained. [riage. 

FaRPj, n. Price of passage ; food ; hire of a car- 

FARE-WeLL', n. Wish of welfare at parting; 
leave ;_ departure. 

FXR'-FaMJ5D' (-famdO, a. Widely renowned or 
celebrated. 

FaR'-FeTCH^D' (-fetchf), a. Brought from a 
distance ; studiously sought ; forced ; strained. 

FA-Ri'NA, n. The pollen or dust of flowers ; the 
flour of grain ; starch or fecula. 

FAR-I-NX'CEOUS (-na'shus), a. Consisting of 
meal or flour ; yielding farina ; like meal or re- 
lating to meal. 

FXRM, n. Land occupied by a farmer. 

FaRM, v. t. To lease or rent for a price ; to culti- 
vate land. 
~FXRM'A-BLE, a. That may be fanneu. 

FXRM'ER, n. One who cultivates land ; one who 
collects duties at a certain rate per cent. ; a hus- 
bandman. 

FARMING, n. The practice of tilling land. 

FXR'MoST, a. Most remote or distant. 

FAR'O, n. A game of cards, in which a person 
plays against the bank kept by the owner of the 
table. [play at the game of faro. 

FAR'O-BANK, n. A bank against which persons 

FAR-Rag'I-NOUS, a. Formed of various materi- 
als; mixed. 

FAR-Ra'GO, n. A confused medley or mass. 

FaR'RI-ER, n. One who shoes or cures horses. 

FAR'RI-ER- Y, n. The shoeing or curing of horses. 

FAR'RoW, n. A litter of pigs ; v. t. to bring forth 
pigs ; a. not producing a calf in the year. 

FXR'THER, a. {.Further is the genuine word.] 
Being at a greater distance ; ad. at a greater dis- 
tance ; moreover. See Further. 

FXR'THEST, a. Most remote. See Furthest. 

FXR'THING, n. The fourth of a penny. 

FXR'THIN G -GALE, n. A hoop-petticoat, &c. 

+FAS'CeS (fas-cez), n. pi. [£.] Rods with an ax 
borne before Roman consuls. 

FAS'CI-AL (fash'e-al), a. Belonging to the fasces. 

FAS'CI-A-TED (fash'e-a-ted), a. Bound with a 
fillet or bandage ; fillet-like. 

FAS'CI-€LE (fas'se-kl), n. A bundle; a species 
of inflorescence. 

FAS-CiC'u-LAR, a. United in a bundle. 

FaS'CI-NaTE, v. t. To charm or allure irresisti- 
bly. — Stn. To bewitch ; enrapture ; captivate ; 
enchant. 

FAS-CT-Na'TION, n. A charming or bewitching. 



*FAS-ClNE' (fas-seen'), n. LFV.] A fagot; a bun- 
dle of rods or small sticks used in fortification. 

FASH'ION (fash'un), n. Form or make of a thing ; 
prevailing mode of dress or ornament; custom; 
good breeding. — Syn. Shape; pattern; sort; us- 
age; vogue. [shape. 

FaSH'ION, v. t. To form ; to mold ; to cast to a 

FASH'ION-A-BLE (fash'un-a-bl), a. Being accord- 
ing to the fashion. 

FaSH'ION-A-BLY, ad. According to the fashion. 

FASH'ION-ER, n. One who fashions or adapts. 

FAST, v. i. To abstain from food voluntarily. 

FAST (6), n. Abstinence from food ; time for fast- 
ing. 

FAST, a. Literally, pressing close; hence the two 
meanings of firmly fixed or adhering, as a fast 
friend, and moving rapidly, as a fast horse. — 
Syn. Firm ; stable ; close ; tight ; quick ; rapid. 

FAST, ad. Firmly ; immovably ; with speed or 
celerity. 

FAST'-DaY, n. A day set apart for fasting. 

FASTEN (6) (fas'sn), v. t. To make firm or tight; 
to secure ; to fix ; to impress. — Syn. To fix ; ce- 
ment; enforce. 

FAST'^N-ING (fas'sn-ing), n. That which con- 
fines, fixes, or makes fast. [cious. 

FAST'-HAND-ED, a. Covetous; close; avari- 

+FAS'Ti, n. LL.] The Roman calendar or register 
of festivals, courts, &c. 

FAS-TID'I-OUS, a. Over nice ; apt to be disgust- 
ed ; disdainful ; delicate to a fault. — Stn. 
Squeamish. — Fastidious is applied to one whose 
taste or feelings are offended by trifling defects or 
errors; squeamish (lit., having a stomach which 
is easily turned) to one Avho is excessively nice on 
minor points, or else overrscrupulous. 

FAS-TiD'I-OUS-LY, ad. With squeamishness ; 
disdainfully. 

FAS-TID'I-OUS-NESS, n. Squeamishness of 
mind, taste, or appetite ; contemptuousness. 

FASTING, n. The act of abstaining from food. 

FAST'NESS, n. State of being fast; security; a 
stronghold, fortress, or fort ; quickness. 

FAT, n. The oily part of animafbodies; the best 
or richest part of a thing ; a measure ; a vat ; in 
printing, such type-work as contains much blank 
and little letter, and is easily set up. 

FAT, a. Plump; rich; gross; greasy; dull, 

FAT, v. t. To make plump or fat ; to fatten ; v. i. 
Jo grow fat or fleshy. 

Fa'TAL, a. Proceeding from fate or destiny; 
deadly; mortal; destructive; necessary. 

Fa'TAL-ISM, n. The doctrine of fate or inevita- 
ble necessity. [cessity. 

Fa'TAL-IST, n. One who holds to inevitable ne- 

FA-TAL'I-T Y, n. Decree of fate ; invincible ne- 
cessity; tendency to danger; mortality. 

Fa'TAL-LY, ad. Mortally; necessarily. 

+Fa'TA MOR-Ga'NA, n. [J£] A peculiar state 
of atmospheric refraction, presenting images of 
objects in the water or air, sometimes doubled 
and also inverted, even when below the horizon. 

FaTE, n. Literally, a word pronounced by the 
Deity; inevitable necessity; final lot; destruc- 
tion. — Syn. Destiny ; doom ; fortune ; death. 

FaT'ED, a. Destined ; decreed by fate. 

FaTES, n. pi. In mythology, the destinies sup- 
posed to preside over men. 

FX'THER, n. A male parent; an ancestor; pro- 
tector; author; former; contriver. 

FX'THER, v. t. To adopt as a child ; to adopt as 
one's own ; to ascribe to one as its author, with 
on. 

FX'THER-HOOD, n. The state of being a father. 

FX'THER-IN-LAW, n. ; pi. Fa'thers-in-Law. 
The father of one's husband or wife. 

FX'THER-LAND, n. The native land of one's 
ancestors, or his own. 

FX'THER- LESS, a. Having no father; without a 
known author. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — oa.ee, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, eied; move, 



PAT 



159 



FED 



FX'THER-LY, a. Like or becoming a father; ad. 
as a father does. 

FaTH'OM, n. Six feet; reach; compass; pene- 
tration. 

FaTH'OM, v. t. To compass; to penetrate to the 
bottom; to comprehend; to try the depth; to 
sound. 

FATH'OM-A-BLE, a. That may be fathomed. 

FATH'OM-LESS, a. Bottomless; that can not be 
penetrated or comprehended. 

FA-TiD'I-CAL, a. Prophetic ; foretelling. 

FaT'I-GA-BLE, a. "That may be wearied or tired. 

FA-TiGUE' (fa-teeg'), n. Great weariness ; lassi- 
tude; toil. 

FA-TiGUE', v. t. To tire ; to weary to excess or 
by importunity; to harass; to exhaust. 

FA-TiL'O-QUIST, n. A fortune-teller. 

FaT'LING, n. A young animal, as a kid or lamb, 
fattened for slaughter. 

FaT'NESS, n. Fullness of flesh ; hence, unctuous- 
ness ; richness. — Syn. Corpulence ; fleshiness ; 
fertility ; fruitfulness. 

FaT'TFN, v. t. To make fat ; to feed for slaugh- 
ter; to make fertile ; to enrich ; v. i. to grow fat ; 
to become plump or fleshy ; to be pampered. 

FaT'TI-NESS, n. State of being fat ; greasiness. 

FaT'TISH, a. Somewhat fat ; slightly corpulent. 

FaT'TY, a. Consisting of fat ; greasy. [lect. 

FA-Tu'I-TY, n. Foolishness; weakness of intel- 

FaT'u-OUS (fat'yii-us), a. Foolish ; weak ; silly ; 
lunatic. 

*FAU'BOURG (fo'boorg), n. LFV.] A suburb. 

FAU'CeS, n. [£.] The back part of the mouth, 
terminated by the pharynx and larynx. 

FAU'CET, n. A pipe for drawing liquors. 

FAUGH. Interjection expressing contempt. 

FAULT, n. Whatever impairs excellence ; a de- 
viation from propriety or duty; a puzzle, as to 
be &t fault; hence, among miners, a disturbance 
of strata. — Syn. Error; blemish; defect, which 
see. 

FAULT, v. t. To blame ; to charge with an offense. 

FAULT'I-LY, ad. With failing or mistake ; de- 
fectively; wrongly. 

FAULT'I-NESS, n. Wrong doing; blamableness. 

FAULT'LESS, a. Free from fault, crime, or defect. 

FAULT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from fault. 

FAULT'Y, a. Guilty of a fault ; defective ; wrong. 
See Defective. 

FAUN, n. A kind of sylvan deity. 

FAU'NA, n. [L.] The animals of a country or a 
district, spoken of collectively. 

+FAU-TEUIL' (fo-teul'), n. \_Fr.~] An arm-chair. 

+FAUX PAS' (fo paO, n. [Fr.] A false step. 

Fa'VOR, n. Kind regard ; disposition to aid ; 
something given or worn as a token of kindness ; 
partiality; cover or protection. — Syn. Kindness; 
countenance ; patronage ; defense ; vindication ; 
support; behalf; present; benefit. 

Fa'VOR, v. t. To aid or wish to aid ; to resemble 
in features. — Syn. To countenance ; to support ; 
to assist ; to ease ; to spare ; to resemble. 

Fa'VOR-A-BLE, a. Kind; propitious to success. 

Fa'VOR-A-BLY, ad. With kindness or favor. 

Fa'YOR-ER, n. One who countenances or favors ; 
a well-wisher. 

Fa'VOR-iTE, n. A particular friend ; one greatly 
beloved ; a thing regarded with preference ; a. 
regarded with particular favor ; preferred ; loved. 

Fa'VOR-IT-ISM, n. Disposition to favor a friend ; 
partiality ; exercise of power by favorites. 

FAWN, n. A young deer; a servile cringe or bow. 

FAWN, v. i. To cringe or flatter servilely; to bring 
forth a fawn. 

FAWN'ING, a. Courting servilely ; meanly flat- 
tering ; n. gross flattery. [cringing. 

FAWNTNG-LY, ad. With servile adulation; by 

FaY (f:"), v. i. To fit; to join closely with. 

FaY (f;"0, n. A fairy ; an elf. [see. 

Fe'AL-TY, n. Fidelity; loyalty; homage, which 



FeAR, n. Apprehension of evil ; reverence ; awe ; 
_dread. 

FeAR, v. t. To stand in awe of; to reverence; to 
regard with alarm. — Syn. To apprehend ; dread ; 
venerate; v. i. to be afraid ; to be in apprehension 
or feel anxiety on account of some expected 
jevil. 

FeAR'FUL, a. Struck with fear; terrified; im- 
pressing fear, as a fearful end; terrific. — Syn. 
Apprehensive; timid; timorous; awful; distress- 
ing; horrible; dreadful; frightful. 

FeAR'FUL-LY, ad. With fear ; so as to excite 
terror and alarm ; timorously. 

FeAR'FUL-NESS, n. State of being terrified.— 
Syn. Dread ; terror ; timidity ; apprehension ; 
alarm ; awe. 

FeAR'LESS, a. Free from fear; full of courage. 
— Syn. Bold; daring; intrepid; valiant; brave; 
undaunted; heroic; dauntless. 

FeAR'LESS-LY, ad. Without fear; boldly. 

FeAR'NAUGHT (feer'nawt), n. A very thick, 
shaggy woolen cloth, or an outer garment made 
of it. 

FkA SVT TVfT 'T TY 7 

FEA'$I-BLE-NESS,i n ' PracticaMit y- 

FeA'SI-BLE, a. Practicable; that can be per- 
formed ; that may be used or tilled, as land. 

FeAST, n. A sumptuous repast; something that 
delights and entertains. — Syn. Banquet; festival. 
— A feast sets before us viands superior in quality, 
variety, and abundance ; a banquet is a luxurious 
feast ^ a festival is the joyful celebration by good 
cheer of some agreeable event. A feast which 
was designed to be a festival may be changed 
_into a banquet. 

FeAST, v. i. To eat sumptuously ; to be greatly 
delighted ; v. t. to entertain with rich provisions"; 
Jo delight ; to pamper ; to gratify luxuriously. 

FeAST'ER, n. One who eats at or gives a feast. 

FeAST'FUL, a. Festive; gay; luxurious. 

FeAT, n. An action ; deed ; exploit ; an extraor- 
dinary display of skill, strength, &c. 

FeATH'ER (feth'er), n. A plume ; the covering 
of fowls ; an empty title ; an ornament ; kind or 
nature. 

FeATH'ER (f 3th'er), v. t. To cover with plumage ; 
to dress in feathers; to enrich; to adorn. 

FeATH'ER-BoARD'ING, n. A covering in which 
the edge of one board overlaps another like the 
feathers of a fowl. 

FeATH'ER-eDGFD, a. Having one edge thin- 
ner than another. 

FeATH'ER-LESS, a. Destitute of feathers. 

FeATH'ER-Y (feth'er-y), a. Covered with plu- 
mage ; with the appearance of feathers. 

FeAT'uRE (49) (fGte'yur), n. The form of the face ; 
a lineament; outline; prominent parts. 

FeAT'uRFD (fct'yurd), a. Having features. 

FeB'RI-FugE, n. A medicine to cure fever. 

Fe'BRiLE or FeB'RILE, a. Partaking of or indi- 
cating fever. 

FeB'RU-A-RY, n. The second month of the year. 

Fe'CAL, a. Containing dregs or excrement. 

Fe'CeS, n.pl. Dregs; lees; sediment; excrement. 

+Fe'CIT. [2/.] He made it; used by artists on 
their works. 

Fe€'u-LA, n. Green matter of plants when bruised 
and_mixed with water; starch of farina. 

FeC'u-LENCE, > n. Foul matter in liquors ; 

Fe€'u-LEN-CY, / muddiness. 

FeC'u-LENT, a. Foul ; muddy ; full of dregs ; 
_turbid. 

FE'€UND,a. Fruitful; productive. [prolific. 

Fe'CUN-DaTE, v. t. To impregnate; to make 

FE-CUN-Da'TION, n. Act of making fruitful ; 
impregnation. 

FE-€uN'DI-TY,k. Fruitfulness; productiveness; 
fertility; richness of invention. 

FeD'ER-AL, a. Pertaining to a league; belong- 
ing to the United States, as federal money. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; BULE, BULL ; VI CIOUS. 



s as z ; en as sh ; this. * Sot English. 



FED 



1G0 



EER 



FeD'ER-AL-I$M, n. The principles of Federalists. 

FeD'ER-AL-IST, n. Designation of the friends of 
the Constitution of the United States at its first 
formation ; an advocate of the federal union. 

FeD'ER-ATE, a. Leagued ; united ; confederate. 

FED-ER-a'TION, n. Union in a league. 

FeD'ER-A-TIVE, a. Uniting or forming in con- 
federacy, [engage ; to bribe. 

FP^E, v. t. To retain by a payment or reward ; to 

FEE, n. Primarily, a loan of land ; an estate in 
trust, granted by a superior to the grantee on 
condition of personal service, &c. ; a reward; a 
perquisite. In the United States, an estate in fee 
simple is held by a person in his own right, and 
descendible to his heirs forever. 

FEE'BLE, a. Very weak; wanting in activity, 
strength, &c. — Syn. Infirm ; sickly ; debilitated ; 
imbecile; languid; spiritless; decrepit. 

FEE'BLE-NESS, n. Weakness; infirmity; want 
of fullness or loudness ; dimness of light or color. 

FEE'BLY, ad. Weakly ; faintly. 

FEED, v. t. ipret. and pp. Fed.] To supply with 
food ; to furnish any thing to be consumed ; to 
nourish or cherish ; to fatten ; v. i. to eat; to pas- 
ture or graze ; to grow fat. 

FEED, n. Food ; meat ; pasture. 

FEED'ER, n. One that feeds; one that fattens 
cattle ; a source that supplies a canal with water ; 
an encourager. 

FEEL, v. t. ipret. and #2?. Felt.] To perceive by 
the touch; to have the sense of; to know; v. i. 
to have the sense of; to have feeling.— Syn. To 
handle; experience; suffer. 

FEEL, n. Sense or act of perception by touch. 

FEEL'ER, n. One that feels; something put forth 
to discover the nature of an object; in insects, 
one of the antennae or palpi; a Avord or remark 
dropped as a test. 

FEEL'ING, a. Attended with much emotion; ex- 
pressive of sensibility ; affected ; n. the sense of 
touch ; sensibility ; tenderness ; emotion, which 
see. 

FEEL'ING-LY, ad. With sensibility ; tenderly. 

FEIGN (fane), v. t. To pretend; to devise ; to in- 
vent ; to dissemble. [tion. 

FEIG-N'ED-LY (fan'ed-ly), ad. With dissimula- 

FEIGN'ER (fiin'er), n. One who dissembles. 

FEIGN'ING (fan'ing), n. A false appearance; 
artful contrivance. attack. 

FEINT (faint), n. A false show; pretense; a mock 

FeLD'SPAR, n. A mineral of vitreous structure, 
breaking easily in two directions; it forms part 
of granite_and other rocks. 

FE-LIC'I-TaTE, v. t. To wish happy ; to congrat- 
ulate. See Congratulate. [wish. 

FE-LIC-I-Ta'TION, n. Congratulation ; kind 

FE-LIC'I-TOUS (-lis'e-tus), a. Happy in a very 
high degree. — Syn. Delightful ; prosperous. 

FE-LICI-TOUS-LY, ad. Happily; prosperously. 

FE-LiC'I-TY (-lis'e-ty), n. Great happiness. — Syn. 
JBliss; blessedness. [cat-like. 

Fe'LiNE, a. Pertaining to cats and their kind ; 

FELL, a. Fierce ; cruel ; savage ; n. the hairy hide 
of beasts. 

FeLL, v. t. To strike or cut down ; to cause to fall. 

FEL'LoE, n. The rim of a wheel. See Felly. 

FEL'LoW, n. One of a pair ; a member of a col- 
lege that shares its revenues ; a member of a cor- 
poration; an associate or equal; a man, in con- 
tempt ; an ignoble man. 

FeL'LoW, v. t. To match; to pair; to suit; to 
fit ; in composition, fellow denotes community of 
nature, station, or employment. 

FeL'LoW-FEEL'ING, n. Sympathy. [heir. 

FeL^LoW-IIEIR (fel'lo-nre), n. A co-heir; joint 

FeL'LoW-SHIP, n. Society ; companionship ; in- 
tercourse ; connection ; station in a college or uni- 

FeL'LY, n. The rim of a wheel. [versity. 

FEL'ON, n. One guilty of felony ; a painful tumor 
or whitlow ; a. malignant ; fierce. 



FE-Lu'NI-OUS, a. Malignant; depraved; villain- 
ous ; containing felony. 

FE-Lo'NI-OUS-LY, ad. As a felon ; with deliber- 
ate intention to commit a crime. 

FeL'O-NY, n. A crime punishable with death. 

FEL'SPAR. See Feldspar. 

FEL-SPATH'I€, a. Pertaining to feldspar. 

FELT, n. Cloth or stuff of wool made by rolling 
and pressure with size, and without weaving ; a 
wool hat ; skin. 

FeLT, v. t. To make compact by fulling. 

FeLT'ING, n. The process of compacting wool 
into cloth by rolling and pressing; cloth thus 
made. 

FE-Lu€'€A, n. A small two-masted vessel with 
oars and lateen sails, the helm of which can be 
_used_at either end. 

Fe'MaLE, n. The sex that bears young ; the plant 
which has pistils but no stamens. 

Fe'MaLE, a. Noting the sex that bears young ; 
jpertaining to females. See Feminine. 

Fe'MaLE-SCREW, n. The spiral-threaded cavity 
into which another screw turns. 

FeM'I-NiNE, a. Pertaining to woman or women ; 
tender; delicate. — Syn. Female. — Female is ap- 
plied to the sex merely as opposed to male ; fem- 
inine to the appropriate characteristics of the sex. 
A female school should teach feminine accom- 
plishments. 

FeM'O-RAL, a. Belonging to the thigh. 

FeN, n. A marsh ; bog ; morass ; a guard ; a re- 
straint ; the guard of a plane to make it work at 
a certain breadth. 

FENCE, n. A wall, hedge, or other structure to 
guard land from cattle. 

FENCE, v. t. To inclose with a fence; to guard; 
v. i. to raise a fence ; to practice the art of fenc- 
ing ; to guard or defend. [unguarded. 

FeNCE'LESS, a. Destitute of a fence ; unclosed ; 

FENCER, n.' One who teaches or practices fenc- 

FEN'CI-BLE, a. Capable of defense. [ing. 

FEN'CI-BL^S (-biz), n. pi. Soldiers enlisted spe- 
cially for the defense of the country. 

FENCING, n. Materials for fences; the art or act 
of inclosing with fences ; the art of using the foil 
or sword for attack or defense. 

FeNCING-MAS-TER, n. One who teaches the 
art of attack and defense with the sword. 

FeNCING-SGHOOL (fens'ing-skool), n. A school 
where the art of fencing is taught. 

FeND, v. t. To repel ; to keep off; to ward off; to 
shut out ; v. i. to resist ; to parry ; to shift off. 

FEND'ER, n. That which defends; a metallic 
guard placed before a fire. 

FE-NeS'TRAL, a. Pertaining to a window. 

FEN'NEL, n. A fragrant plant. 

FeN'NY, a. Marshy ; boggy ; growing in fens. 

FEO'DAL. See Feudal. 

FeOFF (fC-f ), v. t. To invest with the fee of land. 

FeOF-FEE' (fef-fee'), n. One invested with the 
fee of land. 

FeOFF'ER, ) .~ f , . Jw. One who grants a fee of 

FeOF'FORJ (IeI " ; \ land. [granting a fee. 

FEOFFMENT (fuf'ment), n. Act of enfeoffing or 

FE-Ra'CIOUS, a. Fruitful ; producing abundant- 

Fe'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to holidays. [ly. 

Fe'RINE, a. Wild ; savage ; cruel. 

F£r4 N T Y NESS ' } n - Sava £ e fierceness ; wildness. 
FER'MENT, n. A gentle boiling, or the internal 

motion of the parts of a fluid; heat; tumult; 

yeast. 
FER-MeNT', v. t. To set in motion; to heat; to 

excite or raise by internal motion ; v. i. to work ; 

to effervesce ; to be in motion, &c. _ 
FER-MENT-A-BiL'I-TY, n. Capability of being 

fermented. [tion. 

FER-MeNT'A-BLE, a. Susceptible of fermenta- 
FER-MeNT'AL, a. Having the power to cause 

fermentation. 



2, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what ; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



FER 



161 



FID 



FER-MEN-Ta'TION, n. The process by which 
certain liquors undergo a change, occasioned by 
heat or moisture producing gas or spirit ; a work- 
ing, as of liquors. 

FER-MENT'A-TIVE, a. Causing fermentation. 

FeRN, n. A genus of plants. 

FE-Ro'CIOUS (-ro'shus), a. Marked by cruelty; 
rapacious. — Syn. Fierce; savage; barbarous.— 
When these words are applied to human feelings 
or conduct, ferocious describes the disposition; 
fierce, the haste and violence of an act; barbar- 
ous, the coarseness and brutality by which it was 
marked: savage, the cruel and unfeeling spirit 
which it showed. A man is ferocious in his tem- 
per, fierce in his actions, barbarous in the manner 
of carrying out his purposes, savage in the spirit 
and feelings expressed in his words or deeds. 

FE-Ro'CIOUS-LY, ad. Fiercely. 

FE-Ro'CIOUS-NESS, X n. Savage fierceness ; 

FE-R6CI-TY (-ros'e-ty),jT cruelty. 

FeR'RE-OUS, a. Pertaining to iron; made of 
iron ; like iron. 

FkR'RET, n. A species of weasel ; woolen tape ; 
in glass-making, the iron with which workmen 
try the melted glass; also an iron for making 
rings of bottles. 

FkR'RET, v. t. To drive from a lurking-place or 
place of concealment. 

FeR'RI-AgE, n. Fare or toll for passing a ferry. 

FER-RIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or yielding iron. 

FER-Ru'gI-NOUS, a. Partaking of or like. iron. 

FER-Ru'GO, n. A disease of plants caused by mi- 
nute fungi, known as the rust. 

FeR'RULE (fC-r'ril or fer'rule), n. A ring of metal 
put round a cane or stick to strengthen it. 

FkR'RY, n. A place for passing a river or lake ; a 
boat ; right of passage. 

FeR'RY, v. t. To convey over water in a boat ; v. 
i. to pass over water in a boat. 

FeR'RY-BoAT, n. A boat for conveying passen- 
gers over streams, &c. [ferry. 

FeR'RY-MAN, n. One who attends or keeps a 

FeR'TiLE (13), a. Capable of producing abundant- 
ly; productive. — Stn. Fruitful. — Fertile denotes 
the power of producing, fruitful the act. The 
prairies of the West are fertile by nature, and will 
soon be turned by cultivation into a fruitful field. 

FeR-TiL'I-TY, n Fruitfulness ; abundant re- 
sources; the quality of producing largely. — Syn. 
Productiveness; richness; fecundity, [fruitful. 

FeR'TIL-iZE, v. t. To enrich, as land ; to make 

FeR'TIL-iZ-ER, n. Some agent which fertilizes. 

FER-U-La'CEOUS (-la'shus), a. Pertaining to 
reeds or canes. 

FeR'ULE (fCr'ril or for'rule), n. A wooden pallet 
or slice, used to punish children in school. 

FeR'ULE, v. t. To punish with a ferule. 

FeR'VEN-CY, n. Ardency, as in prayer ; eager- 
ness; animated zeal. 

FER'VENT (13), a. Warm ; ardent ; zealous.— 
Syn. Glowing; earnest; devoted. [mently. 

FeR'VENT-LY, ad. With fervor; warmly; vehe- 

FeR'YID, a. Hot ; boiling ; warm ; animated ; 
earnest. 

FeR'YID-LY, ad. With glowing warmth. 

FkR'VID-NES8,\ n. Heat ; warmth of mind ; 

FeR'YOR, / zeal; ardor. 

FeS'TAL, a. Relating to a feast; joyous; merry. 

FeS'TER, v.i. To rankle; to grow virulent; to 
corrupt. [matter. 

FES'TER, n. A sore inflamed and filled with 

FeS'TI-VAL, a. Pertaining to a feast; joyous; n. 
a feast ; a solemn day. See Feast. 

FES'TiVE, X a. Pertaining to or becoming a 

FeS'TIV-OUS,j feast; gay; mirthful. 

FES-TIV'I-TY, n. Social joy or mirth ; gayety. 

FES-TOON', n. A garland, or an imitation of a 
wreath or garland. 

FES-TOON', v. t. To form in festoons; to adorn 
with festoons. 



Fe'TAL, a. Relating to a fetus. [to attain. 

FETCH, v. t. To go and bring ; to draw ; to reach ; 
FETCH, n. A stratagem; artifice; trick. 
*FETE (fate), 71. [Fr.] A festival; a holiday. 
Fe'TIcH (fe'tish), n. An African idol or charm. 

FET'I-tr™' } n - The worslli P of idols - 

FET'ID, a. Rank ; strong ; offensive to the smell. 

FeT'LOCK, n. Hair behind the pastern of a horse. 

Fe'TOR, n. A strong offensive smell ; stench. 

FeT'TER, n. A chain for the feet. 

FeT'TER, v. t. To chain ; to shackle; to bind. 

FET'TER-LESS, a. Without fetters. [womb. 

Fe'JTUS, n. ; %>l. Fe'tus-es. A child or animal in the 

FEuD (fude), n. Violent quarrel ; contention ; 
broil. 

FEuD (fade), n. Land held of a superior on the 
condition of rendering service to the lord. 

FEuD'AL (fu'dal), a. Held of a lord or superior 
on coiidition ; pertaining to or consisting of feuds. 

FEuD'AL-ISM (fa'dal-izm), n. The system of 
feudal tenures. [feudal. 

FEuD-aL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being 

FEuD-AL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of reducing to 
feudal tenure. 

FEuD'AL-SY'S'TEM, n. That system by which 
persons holding a feud or fief were bound to serve 
the owner at home or abroad in wars, &c. 

FEuD'A-RY (fu'da-ry), a. Holding land of a su- 
perior. 

FEuD'A-TO-RY, n. One who holds of a superior. 

FEuD'IST, n. A writer on feuds. 

Fe'VER, n. A disease marked by increase of heat 
and an accelerated pulse. [fickle. 

Fe'VER-ISH, a. Affected with slight fever; hot; 

FE'VER-ISH-NESS, n. The state of being fever- 
ish ; a slight febrile affection. 

Fe'VER-OUS, a. Affected with fever or ague. 

FEW (fa), a. A small number; not many. 

FEWNESS (-fii'ness), n. Smallness of number; 
paucity. 

FEZ, n. A Turkish cap. [mand. 

Fi'AT, n. Literally, let it be done ; a decree ; com- 

FiB, n. A story ; lie ; falsehood. 

FIB, v. i. To tell that which is false ; to lie. 

FIB'BER, n. One that tells lies. 

FI'BER, \ n. A slender thread ; applied also to the 

FI'BRE, j filaments of animal, mineral, and vege- 
table substances; the capillary root of a plant. 

FI'BRIL, n. A small fiber ; a slender thread. 

Fl'BRIN, 11. A substance found in coagulated blood, 
allied to protein, constituting muscular fiber. 

Fl'BROUS, a. Consisting of or containing fibers. 

FiB'u-LA, n. The outer and lesser bone of the leg. 

FiCK'LE (fik'kl), a. Changeable in mind ; wa- 
vering; capricious. 

FiCK'LE^NESS, n. Inconstancy; changeableness; 
uncertainty. [by a potter. 

FiC'TiLE, a. Molded into form by art ; wrought 

FICTION (f ik'shun), n. An invented story; a tale; 
the act of feigning or inventing. — Syn. Fabrica- 
tion ; falsehood. — Fiction is opposed to what is 
real, it may or may not be intended to deceive ; a 
fabrication, as here spoken of, is a fiction wrought 
up for the purpose of deceiving ; a falsehood re- 
quires less invention, being merely a false state- 
ment. 

FI€-Ti"TIOUS (-tish'us), a, Feigned; imagina- 
ry; counterfeit. 

FI€-Ti"TIOUS-LY, ad. Counterfeit^ ; falsely. 

FID, n. A square bar of wood, with a shoulder at 
one end to support the top-mast of a ship ; a pin 
of hard wood or iron, tapering to a point, for 
opening the strands of a rope in splicing. 

FlD'DLE, n. A stringed instrument of music; a 
violin. 

FlD'DLE, v.i. To play on a violin; to trifle; to 
shift hands and do nothing. 

FID'DLE-FaD'DLE, n. Trifling talk; nonsense. 

FID'DLER, n. One who plays on a violin ; a crab. 



DOVE, AVOLF, BOOK ; KULE, BULL ; VI CIOTJS.- 



as k ; Gasj; & as z ; ch as sh ; this. 
L 



Not English. 



FID 



162 



FIL 



FID'DLE-STICK, n. The bow and string for 
playing on a violin. 

FID'DLE-STRING, n. The string of a violin. 

FI-DeL'I-TY, n. Strict performance of an obliga- 
tion or trust; adherence to truth. — Syn. Faithful- 
ness; exactness; loyalty; veracity; honesty. 

FID6'ET, v. i. To move by fits and starts. 

FIDu'ET, n. Constant motion of the body; rest- 

FID6'ET-Y, a. Restless ; uneasy. [lessness. 

FI-Du'CIAL, U Confident; undoubting; firm; 

FI-Du'CIA-RY,j held in trust. 

FI-Du'CIA-RY, n. One who holds in trust. 

FIE (fl), ex. Denoting dislike or contempt. 

FIEF (feef ) n. A fee ; feud or estate held of a su- 
perior, [place of battle. 

FIELD (feeld),n. Apiece of inclosed land; ground; 

FIELD'-BOOK n. A book used in surveying land, 
for noting angles, distances, &c. 

FIELD'-COL'ORS, n. pi. In war, small flags to 
mark the ground for squadrons and battalions. 

FIELD'-MXR-SHAL, n. Commander of an army. 

FIELD'-oF-FI-CER, n. An officer of a regiment 
above the_rank of captain. 

FIeLD'-PIeCE, n. A small cannon for armies. 

FIELD'-SPoRTS, n. pi. Diversions of the field, 
as hunting. [fernal ; the devil. 

FIEND (feend),«. An implacable enemy; an in- 

FIEND'FUL, a. Full of evil or malignant practices. 

FIEND'ISH, a. Malicious; devilish. 

FIERCE (feerce), a. Vehement; eager in attack. 
See Ferocious. 

FIeRCE'LY, ad. With rage ; furiously, [uosity. 

FIERCE'NESS, n. Eager violence; rage; impet- 

FI'ER-I-NESS, n. A great heat ; warmth of temper. 

FI'ER-Y, a. Consisting of fire; hot; fierce; pas- 
sionate; bright; glaring. [music. 

FIFE, n. A small pipe or wind-instrument of 

FIFE, v. i. To play on a fife. 

FIF'ER, n. One who plays the fife. 

FIF'TEEN, a. Five and ten. 

FIF'TEENTH, a. Noting the number fifteen ; the 
ordinal of fifteen ; n. a fifteenth part; in 'music, 
the double octave. 

FIFTH, a. Next above the fourth ; n. in music, an 
interval of three tones and a semitone, the most 
perfect of all chords except the octave. 

FIFTH'LY, ad. In the fifth place. 

FIF'TI-ETH, a. The ordinal of fifty; elliptically, 
or as a noun, the fiftieth part. 

FIF'TY, a. Five tens ; five times ten. 

FIG, n. A tree and its fruit; a term of contempt; 
a spongy excrescence on the feet of some horses. 

FIGHT (fite), v. i. Ipret. and pp. Fought (faut).] 
To contend in battle ; to strive ; to struggle to 
resist or check ; v. t. to carry on a contention with ; 
to war against. 

FIGHT (f Tte), n. A struggle for victory between 
two parties. — Syn. Combat; contest; affray; bat- 
tle; action; engagement. 

FIGHT'ER, n. One who fights; a warrior. 

FIGHT'ING, n. Contention; battle; quarrel. 

FIG-LEAF, n. The leaf of the fig-tree. 

FIG'MENT, n. Invention; fiction; device. 

FIG-U-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of fixed form. 

FiG'u-RA-BLE (fig'yu-ra-bl), a . Capable of fig- 
ure or shape. 

*FIG'u-RANT, n. m. \ [jFV.] One who dances at 

+FIG'u-RANTE, n. /./ the opera in groups or 
figures ; an accessory actor on the stage Avho has 
nothing to say ; hence, one who figures in a scene, 
but_takes no prominent part. 

FIG'u-RATE, a. Of a determinate form ; resem- 
bling any thing of a determinate foi-m. 

FIG-u-Ra'TION, n. The act of giving figure or 
determinate form; mixture of cords and discords 
in music. 

FIG'u-RA-TIVE, a. Typical ; metaphorical. 

FIG'u-RA-TIVE-LY, ad. By a figure ; by allusion ; 
in a sense different from the original meaning of 
the words. 



FIG'uRE (fig'yur),w. The form or shape of any 
thing expressed by its outline; appearance; rep- 
resentation in painting; person; striking charac- 
ter; metaphor; type, design; a character for a 
number; the steps taken by a dancer; in logic, 
the disposition of the middle term ; in astrology, 
the horoscope; in grammar, a departure from 
plain language. 

FIG'uRE (fig'yur), v. t. To form or mold into 
shape ; to make a drawing or painting ; to cover 
a mark with figures ; to symbolize ; to imagine ; 
to foreshow ; v. i. to make a figure ; to be distin- 
guished. 

FIG'uRE-HfiAD, n. A carved head or figure at 
thejiead of a ship over the cut-water. 

FIG'uR-ING, n. The act of making figures. 

FI-La'CEOUS (fe-la'shus), a. Composed of threads. 

FIL'A-MENT, n. A slender thread; a fiber; in 
botany, the thread-like part which supports the 
anther. 

FIL-A-MENT'OUS, a. Consisting of fine fila- 
ments; like a slender thread. 

FIL'A-TO-RY, n. A machine for spinning threads. 

FIL'A-TuRE, n. A forming into thread ; the reel- 
ing of silk from cocoons ; a place for reeling silk. 

FIL'BERT, n. An egg-shaped nut of the hazel 
kind. 

FILCH, v. t. To steal ; to purloin ; to pilfer. 

FILCH'ER, n. One who commits petty thefts; a 
pilferer. 

FILCH'ING-LY, ad. By pilfering or petty theft. 

FlLE, n. A tool for smoothing iron ; a thread, line, 
or wire on which papers are strung; bundle of 
papers ; a row of soldiers. 

FILE, v. t. To cut or abrade with a file; to wear 
away; to polish; to march in file; to string on a 
thread or wire; hence, to place in order, as papers. 

FILE'-LeAD-ER, n. The soldier placed in front 
of a file. [child. 

FIL'IAL (fi'l'yal), a. Pertaining to or becoming a 

FIL-I-a'TION, n. The relation of a child to a 
parent ; adoption ; settling the paternity of a bas- 
tard, [thread. 

FIL'1-FORM, a. Thread-shaped ; slender as a 

FIL'I-GREE, n. Ornamental work in gold or sil- 
ver, like little threads or grains. 

FIL'I-GREED, a. Ornamented with filigree. 

FIL'ING, n. The act of smoothing with a file ; 
the putting papers on file. 

FIL'INGS, n. pi. Particles rubbed off with a file. 

FILL, v. t. To put or pour till a thing is full; to 
store ; to supply ; to make plump ; to satisfy ; to 
officiate in or hold. [to become full. 

FILL, v. i. To fill a cup or glass ; to give to drink ; 

FILL, n. Fullness; as much as supplies want. 

■S-FlLLE DE cHaM'BRE (-shiim'br), n. IFr.J A 
chambermaid. 

FIL'LET, n. A head-band; a joint of meat; an 
ornament in architecture; in carpentry, &c, a 
small timber for supporting the ends of boards; 
in gilding, a little rule or reglet of leaf-gold ; the 
loins of a horse. 

FIL'LET, v. t. To bind with a fillet or band. 

FIL'LI-BEG, n. A Scotch Highland dress or kilt. 

FIL'LI-BuS'TER, n. A Spanish name for pirati- 
cal adventui'ers or buccaneers. 

FILL'ING, n. The woof in weaving; a making 
full , supply ; in carpentry, short timbers fitted 
against roofs, &c, of partitions which break in 
on the whole length. 

FlL'LIP, v. t. To strike with the nail of the fin- 
ger forced from the thumb by a sudden motion. 

FlL'LIP, n. A stroke with the finger. 

FIL'LY, n. A young mare-colt; a wild girl. 

FILM, n. A thin skin or pellicle on the eye ; v. t. 
to cover with a pellicle or skin. 

FILM'Y, a. Composed of film or pellicles. 

FI-LoSE', a. Ending in a thread-like process; 
thread-like. [a strainer. 

FIL'TER, n. A piece of cloth, &c, for a strainer ; 



1, 2, &c, long. — I, 1, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; thkee, teem; maeine, BiRD; move, 



F1L 



163 



FIR 



FiL'TER, v. t. To purify or defecate, as liquor, 
by passing it through a porous substance, v. i. to 
percolate ; to pass through a filter. 

FIL'TER-ING-Pa'PER, n. A porous, unsized pa- 
per, which will admit water to pass through it. 

FILTH, n. Foul or dirty matter ; corruption ; pol- 
lution. 

FILTH'I-LY, ad. Dirtily; with foulness, [ment. 

FiLTH'I-NESS, n. Dirtiness; foulness; defile- 

FTLTH'Y, a. Abounding in filth ; morally impure ; 
corrupting. — Syn. Nasty; foul, dirty; squalid; 
gross ; impure ; polluted. [to percolate. 

FIL'TRaTE, v. t. To filter ; to strain ; to defecate ; 

FIL-TRA'TION,n. The act or process of filtering. 

FIM'BRI-ATE, a. Fringed, as with hair bristles. 

FIM'BRI-aTE, v. t. To hem ; to fringe. 

FIN, n. A fish's membrane supported by rays, by 
means of which it swims. [ble to a fine. 

FIN'A-BLE, a. That may be fined ; subject or 11a- 

FI'NAL, a. Pertaining to or forming an end or 
conclusion — a final cause is the object ultimately 
aimed at. — Syn. Conclusive ; ultimate. — Final 
(finis) is now appropriated to that which brings 
with it an end, as a final adjustment, the final 
judgment, &c. Conclusive (literally, shutting up) 
implies the closing of all future discussion, ne- 
gotiation, &c, as a conclusive argument or fact, a 
conclusive arrangement. Ultimate has reference 
to something earlier or preceding, as a temporary 
reverse may lead to an ultimate triumph. The 
statements which a man finally makes may be 
perfectly conclusive as to his ultimate intentions. 

+FI-N a'LE (fe-na'la), n. [Fr.~] In music, the close ; 
the winding up or completion of a thing. 

FI-NAL'I-TY, n. The final state; the last wind- 
ing up of things. Ccovery. 

Fi'NAL-LY, ad. Lastly; fully; beyond all re- 

FI-NANCE'(fe-nance'), n. Revenue; income from 
taxes or rent. 

Fi-NaN'CES, n. pi. Funds in the public treasury 
or accruing to it; individual resources or income. 

FI-NaN'CIAL (fe-nan'shal), a. Pertaining to 
finance. 

FIN-AN-CIeR' (fin-an-seer'), n. One skilled in 
revenue ; one who has the care of revenue. 

FI'NA-RY. See Fineky. 

FINCH, n. A genus of small singing-birds. 

FIND, v. t. [pret. and pp. Found.] Literally, to 
come to or light upon ; to know by experience ; 
to discover by searching; to declare by verdict; 
to supply. — Syn. To ascertain; experience; learn; 
gain ; arrive at. Dost or unknown. 

FIND'ER, n. One that discovers or gains what is 

FIND'ING, n. Discovery ; act of meeting with or 
attaining; verdict or decision of a jury or court. 

FIND'INGS, n. pi. The tools, &c, a journeyman 
shoemaker is to furnish in his employment ; the 
trimmings of shoes, as thread, binding, &c. 

FINE, a. Not coarse physically, as fine sand, fine 
linen ; a. fine polish, edge, &c. ; not coarse in feel- 
ing or intellect, as a fine genius, taste, &c. ; hence, 
refined; delicate; showy. — Syn. Beautiful. — 
When used as a word of praise, fine (being op- 
posed to coarse) denotes "wo ordinary thing of its 
kind." It is not as strong as beautiful, in refer- 
ence to the single attribute implied in the latter ; 
but when we speak of a fine woman, we embrace 
more : viz., all the qualities becoming a woman — 
breeding, sentiment, tact, &c. The same is true 
of a fine garden, landscape, horse, poem, &c. ; and 
the word, though applied to a great variety of ob- 
jects, has still a very definite sense, denoting a 
high degree of characteristic excellence, though 
not the very highest. When used in dispraise, it 
denotes that the fineness is carried to an extreme. 
Americans are considered by the English as over- 
doing in the use of this word. 
FINE, n. A penalty ; forfeiture ; in fine, conclusion. 
FINE, v. t. To inflict a penalty on ; to refine. 
FINE' ARTS, n. pi. The arts which embellish, and 



which depend chiefly on the imagination, as poe- 
try, music, sculpture, and painting. [nicety. 
FlNE'DRAW, v. t. To sew up a rent with great 
FlNE'-FiN G 'GER2?D, a. Nice in workmanship ; 

dextrous at fine work. 
FINE'LY, ad. In minute parts; to a thin, sharp 
edge; gayly; beautifully; dextrously; by irony, 
wretchedly. 
FINE'NESS, n. Minuteness; thinness; sharpness; 
elegance; clearness; purity; showiness; subtili- 
ty; ingenuity. 
FIN'ER, n. One who purifies metals, &c 

FiN'ER-Y, n. Fine dress ; a splendid appearance ; 
in iron icorks, a furnace where cast iron is con- 
verted into malleable iron. 

FINE'-SPON, a. Drawn to a fine thread. 

Fi-NkSSE' (fe-ness'), n. Subtilty of contrivance 
to gain a point. — Syn. Artifice; trick; craft; v. t. 
to use stratagem or artifice. 

FI-NeSS'ING, n. The practice of artifice. 

FIN'->OOT-ED, a. Having palmated feet with 
the toes connected by a membrane. 

FIN G 'GER(fing'ger),n. An extremity of the hand; 
in music, skill in playing on keyed instruments. 

FIN G 'GER, v. t. To handle; to touch lightly; to 
play upon ; to pilfer. 

FIN G 'GER-BoARD, n. The board of the neck of a 
violin, &c, where the fingers act on the strings. 

FIN G 'GER.ED (f ing-gerd), a. Having fingers; in 
botany, digitate. 

FIN G 'GER-ING (fing'ger-ing),n. The act of touch- 
ing lightly; manner of touching an instrument. 

FIN G 'GER-PoST, n. A post with a finger point- 
ing, for directing passengers. 

FIN'I-CAL, a. Affectedly nice or showy. — Syn. 
Spruce ; foppish. — One who is spruce is elabor- 
ately nice in dress ; one who is finical shows his 
affectation in language and manner as well as 
dress; one who is foppish seeks to distinguish 
himself by the cut of his clothes, the tawdriness of 
his ornaments, and the ostentation of his manner. 

FIN'I-CAL-LY, ad. Gayly ; with affected fineness. 

FIN'ING, n. The process of clarifying or defecat- 
ing ; in the plural, finings, a solution of gelatin 
used for the purpose. 

FlN'ING-P6T, n. A vessel for refining metals. 

FI'NIS, n. [L.] The end; conclusion. 

FINISH, v. t. To complete; to make perfect; to 
bring to an end ; to polish fully. [degree. 

FIN'ISH.E D (f in'isht), a. Perfected to the highest 

FIN'ISH-ER, n. One who completes; one who 
puts on the last polish. 

FIN'ISH-ING, n. Bringing to a close; the last; 
giving perfection ; the last stroke ; utmost pol- 
ish; completeness. 

FI'NITE, a. Bounded; limited ; opposed to infinite. 

Fl'NlTE-LY, ad. Within limits; to a certain de- 
gree only. 

FI'NITE-NESS, n. Limitedness; confinement. 

FIN'LESS, a. Without fins. 

FIN'LlKE, a. Resembling a fin. 

FIN'NI-KIN, n. A pigeon with a crest somewhat 
like the mane of a horse. 

FIN 'NY, a. Furnished with fins, as fish. 

FiN'Toi?D (f In'tode), a. Having toes connected. 

FiR (IT), n. The name of several species of pinus, 
allied to pines ; valuable for timber, &c. 

FIRE, n. Heat and light; light; a burning; con- 
flagration; ardor of passion; liveliness of imagin- 
ation, &c. ; trouble. 

FIRE, v. t. To set on fire ; to discharge, as arms ; 
to inflame ; in farriery, to cauterize ; v. i. to take 
fire ; to be kindled ; to discharge guns. 

FIRE'-XRMS, n. pi. Arms which are charged and 
fired off with gunpowder. 

FIRE'-BALL, n. A meteor ; a grenade. 

FIRE'-BoARD, n. A board used to close a fire- 
place in summer. 

FIRE'-BRAND, n. Wood on fire; an incendiary; 
one who inflames the passions of others. 



dove, avolf, book ; RULE, bull ; vfcious. — € as k ; g as J ; s as z ; ca as sh ; this. * Not English. 



FIR 



164 



FIX 



FiRE'-BRICK, n. A brick so made as to resist 
intense heat. [fire-bricks. 

FiRE'-€LaY, n. A kind of clay used in making 

FIRE' CoM'PA-NY, n. A company of men at- 
tached to a fire-engine. 

FIRE'-DaMP, n. The explosive carbureted hy- 
drogen of coal mines. 

FlRE'-EAT'ER, n. One who resorts to fire-arms in 
private altercations. [Lw.] 

FIRE'-eN'gIXE, n. An engine to throw water to 
extinguish fires. 

FiRE'-ES-€aPE', n. A ladder or contrivance to 
assist persons to escape from buildings on fire. 

FlRE'-FLT, n. An insect which emits a luminous 
secretion and shines in the dark. 

FIRE'-HOOK, n. A large hook for pulling clown 
buildings in fires. 

FIRE'-I-RONS (-i-urnz), n. pi. The irons belong- 
ing to a fire-place. 

FTRE'LOCK, n. A musket or gun with a lock. 

FIRE'MAN, n. A man who keeps up the fire in a 
steam-boat, &c. ; a member of a fire company. 

FIRE -MAS'TER, n. An officer of artillery who 
directs the composition of fire-works. 

FlRE'-NEW (-nil), a. New from the maker ; quite 
_new. [fires. 

FIRE'-oF-FICE, n. An office for insuring against 

FIRE'-PLaCE, n. The place for fire in the house. 

FiRE'-PLuG, n. Aping for drawing water from a 
pipe to extinguish fires. 

FIRE'-PROOF, a. Proof against fires. 

FiRE'-SeT, n. A set of irons for the fire-place. 

FlRE'-SHIP, n. A ship to set other ships on fire. 

FIRE'-SHoV-EL (-shuv-vl), n. A shovel or in- 
strument for taking up fire or ashes. [home. 

FIRE'SiDE, n. Hearth; chimney; domestic life ; 

FIRE'SIDE, a. Belonging to home ; domestic. 

FIRE'-WARD, 1 a. An officer who directs 

FIRE'-WARD-UN,]" others at fires. 

FIRE'-WOOD, n. Wood for fuel. 

FIRE'-WoRK, n. Preparations of powder and 
other materials for exploding in the air. 

FIR'ING, n. Act of setting fire to ; discharge of 
guns, &c. ; fuel for fires ; in farriery, the process 
of cautery by means of a hot iron to the skin. 

FiR'KIN (17), n. A vessel of eight or nine gal- 
lons ; the fourth part of a barrel. 

FiRM (17), a. Closely compacted ; not easily shak- 
en or moved ; solid. — Syn. Sturdy ; resolute ; 
constant. 

FiRM, v. t. To fix; to settle ; to establish, [name. 

FiRM, n. A partnership; a trading-house or its 

FiRM'A-MENT (17), n. The region of the air ; the 
sky or heavens. [ment. 

FiRM-A-MENT'AL, a. Belonging to the firma- 

FiR'MAN (17), n. A Turkish license or passport. 

FiRM'LY, ad. Strongly ; with fixedness ; steadi- 
ly; compactly. 

FiRM'NESS, n. Strength arising from compact- 
ness of structure, as the firmness of oak ; hence, 
fixedness of purpose, as firmness of soul. — Syn. 
Constancy. — Firmness belongs to the will, and 
constancy to the affections and principles; the 
former prevents us from yielding, and the latter 
from fluctuating. Without firmness a man has no 
character; "without constancy" says Addison, 
"there is neither love, friendship, nor virtue in 
the world." 

FiRST, a. Foremost in time, place, or rank ; chief; 
principal ; the ordinal of one. 

FiRST, ad. In the first place ; before all others. 

FiRST'-BoRN, a. First brought into the world ; 
n. the eldest child. 

FiRST -FLoOR, n. In England, the floor next 
above the ground-floor ; called in the United 
States the second story. [earliest effect. 

FiRST'-FRuITS, n. pi. First produce or profits; 

FiRST'LING, n. Young of cattle first produced. 

FiRST'-RATE, a. Pre-eminent ; being of the 
largest size. 



FISCAL, a. Pertaining to a treasury; n. reve- 
nue ; a treasurer. 

FISH, n. An animal living in water. 

FISH, v. t. To catch ; to draw up ; to strengthen, 
as a mast ; to search by raking or sweeping ; v. 
i. to attempt to catch fish : to try to obtain by 
artifice ; to draw forth indirectly. 

FISH'ER, n. One who catches fish. [ing fish. 

FISH'ER-MAN, n. One whose business is eatch- 

FiSH'ER-Y, n. The place or business of fishing. 

Eimr'PTr" 1 ) 

FIZ'GIG f n - An instrument for stabbing fish. 

FISH -HOOK, n. A hook for catching fish. 

FISH'ING,'w. Act of taking fish; a. used or em- 
ployed in fishing. 

FISH'ING-PLaCE, n. A place where fish are 
caught with seines. [in* catching fish. 

FISH'ING-TaCK'LE, n. Hooks, lines, &c, used 

FISH -KeT'TLE, n. A kettle to boil fish in. 

FISH'-M XR'KET, n. A market where fish are sold. 

FISH'-M6N G 'GER (-mung'ger), n. One who deals 
in fish. [or bred. 

FISH'-PoND, n. A pond in which fish are kept 

FISH'-TROW-EL, n. A broad silver knife for 
carving fish. [fish. 

FISH'Y, a. Like a fish ; tasting or smelling like a 

FIS'SILE (fis'sil), a. That can be cleft or divided. 

Fl S-SIL'1-TY, n. The quality of being cleavable. 

FIS-SIP'A-ROUS, a. Applied to animals which 
propagate by spontaneous division into minute 
parts. [tudinal opening. 

FIS'SURE (fish'yur), n. A cleft ; a chasm ; longi- 

FiS'SURE, v. t. To cleave ; to divide ; to fracture. 

FIST, n. The hand clenched. 

FIST, v. t. To beat or hold fast with the fist. 

FIST'I-CUFFS, n. pi. A contest with fists. 

FtST'u-LA, n. A pipe or reed ; a sinuous ulcer. 

FiST'u-LAR, a. Hollow, like a pipe. 

FIST'u-LaTE, v. i. To become a pipe or fistula. 

FIST'u-LI-FORM, a. Being in hollow columns. 

FIST'u-LOUS, 1 a. Hollow like a pipe ; of the 

FiST'u-LoSE, J nature or relating to a fistula. 

FIT, n. A paroxysm or attack of spasms ; a sudden 
and violent attack of disorder ; any short return 
after intermission ; a period or interval ; a tem- 
porary affection. 

FIT, a. Suited to the nature and property of 
things ; having the requisite qualifications. — 
Syn. Suitable; proper; meet; becoming; appo- 
site; congruous. 

FIT, v. t. To suit ; to adapt ; to equip ; to qualify. 

FiT'FUL, a. Varied by sudden impulses. 

FIT'LY, ad. Suitably ; conveniently ; justly. 

FIT'NESS, n. State of being fit.— Syn. Adaptation ; 
expediency; justness; meetness; preparation. 

FIT'TER, n. One who makes fit or suitable. 

FIT'TING-LY, ad. Suitably; properly. 

FITZ. A surname given to illegitimate sons of 
kings, &c. ; used also in general for sons. 

FIVE, a. _ Noting the sum of two and three. 

FIVE'-FoLD, a. Taken or repeated five times. 

FiVE'-PaRT-ED, a. Divided into five parts. 

FiVES, n. A kind of play with a ball ; also a dis- 
ease of horses resembling the sti'angles ; vives. 

FIX, v. t. To set firmly; to make stable; to fast- 
en ; v. i. to settle or remain permanent ; to fix 
on is to determine upon or establish. — Syn. To 
arrange or put in order. — Fix denotes to set 
firmly, as to fix the eye on some one ; his teeth 
were fixed; and hence arises the vulgarism to be 
in a "fix" or a "bad fix." It is a gross, but pre- 
vailing error in our country, to give this word the 
sense of arrange or put in order, as to fix a clock ; 
to fix the fire ; to fix one's hair; to fix up, &c. 
Nothing strikes a visitor from England so ludi- 
crously as the perpetual incurrence of such phras- 
es ; and unless we are ready to go the whole length 
of "chicken fixings," we should banish all such 
expressions from good society, and use the word 
only in its true sense as given above. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



FIX 



161 



FLA 



FIX'A-BLE (fiks'a-bl), a. That may he fixed. 

FIX-A'TION (fiks-a'shun), n. Act of fixing; sta- 
bility ; firm state. 

FiX2?D (fixt), pp. or a. In a firm state ; settled ; 
established ; not volatile ; not wandering. 

FIX'ED-LY, ad. Firmlv; steadfastly. 

FIX'ED-NESS, n. State of being fast or firm ; 
stability; solidity; settled opinion. 

FIX'I-TY, n. Firm coherence of parts ; that prop- 
erty of bodies by which they resist dissipation 
by heat. 

FLXT'uRE ■ (fikst'yur), n. Fixedness; something 
fixed or attached to a building not to be removed. 

FiX'uRE (fiks'yur), n. Position; firmness. 

FLAB'BI-NESS, "n. A soft, flexible state, causing 
it to be movable and yielding to pressure. 

FLAB'BY, a. Soft; vielding to the touch ; loose. 

FLA-BfiL'LI-FORM, a. Fan-shaped. 

FLACCID (flak'sid), a. Lax; weak; limber. 

FLA€-CiD'I-TY, \ , fl ~ k ' sid , jn. Laxity; lim- 

FLA€'CID-NESS,j (IUK sm ; ' X berness; want of 
firmness. 

FLAG, v.i. To become weak; to hang loose; to 
decline ; to grow spiritless ; v. t. to let fall into 
feebleness; to lay with flat stones or Hags.— Sv^. 
To fail ; droop ; languish ; pine. 

FLAG, n. A plant; a species of Iris; a flat stone 
or pavement of flat stones ; colors, or an ensign. 

FLAg'EL-LANT, n. One who whips himself in 
religious discipline. [scourge. 

FLAg'EL-LaTE (flad'jel-late), v.t To whip ; to 

FLAg-EL-La'TION, n. A whipping; a beating 
or flogging ; discipline of the scourge. 

FLAg'EO-LET (flaj'o-let), n. A small wind instru- 
ment, with a mouth-piece and stops. 

FLAG'GI-NESS, n. Laxity; limberness. 

FLAG'GY, a. "Weak ; flexible ; limber ; abound- 
ing in flags. 

FLA-Gi"TIOUS (-jish'us), a. Extremely wicked. 
— Stn. Atrocious; flagrant; heinous; profligate; 
abandoned. 

FLA-gi"TIO US-NESS, n. Most atrocious wicked- 
ness; villainy. 

FLAG -6F-FI-CER, n. The commander of a 
squadron. 

FLAG'ON, n. A vessel with a narrow mouth. 

FLa'GRAN-CY, n. Excess ; enormity. 

FLa' GRANT, a. Literally, burning ; hence, glar- 
ing; enormous. 

FLa"'GRANT-LY, ad. Ardently; notoriously. 

FLAG'-SHiP, n. The head ship of a squadron. 

FLaG'-STaFF, n. A staff to support a flag. 

FLAG'-SToNE, n. A flat stone for pavement. 

FLaIL, n. An instrument for thrashing. 

FLaKE, n. A scale ; a thin, light mass, as a flake 
of snow or fire ; a layer or stratum ; a scaffold for 
drying fish. 

FLAKE, v. t To form into scales, layers, or thin 
plates; v. i. to break into flakes; to peel off. 

FLaKE'-WHtTE, n. The purest white lead. 

FLa'KY, a. Consisting of flakes ; lying in layers ; 
broken into loose thin plates. 

FLAM, n. A pretense ; an idle story ; v. t. to de- 
ceive ; to gull. 

+FLAM'BEAU (flam'bo), n. [JV.] A lighted torch 
at illuminations and processions. 

FLAME, n. Ablaze; burning gas; heat; rage; 
vigor of thought; one beloved. See Blaze. 

FLAME, v. i. To burn with a blaze ; to shine; to 
break forth with the violence of passion. 

FLAME'-COL-ORE'D (-kul-lurd), a. Having a 
bright yellow color. 

FLAME'LESS, a. Destitute of flame. 

FLa'MEN, n. In ancient Rome, a priest. 

FLAM'ING, a. Burning with blaze ; bright ; red ; 
violent. [mence. 

FLAM'ING-LY, ad. Yeiy brightly ; with vehe- 

FLA-MiN G 'GO, n. [Sp.] A bird of warm climates, 
with very long legs and neck, and bright red color. 

FLA-MIN'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a flamen. 



FLAM-MA-BlLl-TY, n. Aptness to take fire. 

FLaM'ME-OUS, a. Consisting of flame; like a 

FLAM-MiF'ER-OUS,rt. Producing flame, [flame. 

FLAM-MIV'0-MOUS, a. Yomiting flames. 

FLaM'Y, a. Blazing; burning as a flame. 

FLANGH, n. The part in a piece of mechanism 
which is screwed to something else. 

FLaNgE, n. The projecting edge on the rim of a 
wheel ; a projecting piece of plate or table form- 
ing an iron girder or framework. 

FLANK, n. The side of the body or of an army; 
the part of the bastion which reaches from the 
curtain to the face ; the side of a building. 

FLANK, v. t. To attack or turn the flank ; to se- 
cure or guard on the side ; to erect a battery which 
may play right and left on an enemy without be- 
ing exposed to his fire ; to pass round the side ; v. 
i. to border; to touch ; to be posted on the outside. 

FLANK'ER, n. A fortification projecting out, so 
as to command the side of the assailant. 

FLANK'ERS, n. pi. Troops on the side employed 
to secure the line of march. 

FLaN'NEL, n. A soft woolen cloth. 

FLAP, n. A piece of cloth that swings loosely ; the 
motion or blow of any thing broad and loose ; the 
loose part of a coat or other garment behind, &c. ; 
a disease in the lips of horses. 

FLAP, v. t. To strike with any thing flat or thin ; 
v. i. to move as wings ; to fall. 

FLAP'-DRAG-ON, n. A play of catching raisins 
out of burning brandy, and extinguishing them 
in the mouth and eating them. 

FLAP'-eAR-ED (-eerd), a. Having broad ears. 

FLAP'-JACK, n. A griddle-cake, so called from 
being flapped over when turned ; called also 
slap-jack. 

FLARE (4), v. i. To waver ; to flutter ; to burn un- 
steadily; to make a show; to glitter with a tran- 
sient luster ; to open or spread out. 

FLARE'-uP, n. A sudden burst of anger. [ward. 

FLARING-, a. Making a display ; opening out- 

FLASH, n. A sudden burst of light ; a sudden 
burst of flame ; a sudden burst, as of wit or mer- 
riment; a short or transient state. 

FLASH, v. i. To burst suddenly, as light or flame ; 
v. t. to strike a burst of light, as to flash convic- 
tion on the mind. 

FLASH'-HOUSE, n. A resort of thieves and 
other rogues, and a depository of their plunder. 

FLASH'I-LY, ad. With empty show or glare. 

FLASHINGS, n. pi. Pieces of metal let into the 
joints of a wall over the gutters, &c, so as to 
guard from the splashing of rain. 

FLASH'Y, a. Gay; showy; gaudy; insipid. 

FLASK, n. A kind of bottle ; a vessel for powder. 

FLASK'ET, n. A sort of large basket. 

FLAT, a. Having a dead-level ; downright, as a 
flat refusal; wanting in elevation; not acute; a 
wanting in prominence or point, as a flat remark. 
— Syn. Even; level; insipid; dull; spiritless. 

FLAT, n. A level piece of land; a shoal; a broad 
boat ; mark of depression in music. 

FLAT, v. t. To level ; to depress ; to lay smooth or 
even ; to make vapid or tasteless ; v. i. to grow 
flat ; to become insipid ; in music, to depress the 
voice. 

FLAT'-BoT-TOM.E'D (-bot-tomd), a. Having the 
bottom flat. 

FLAT'-FISH, n. A fish with a broad flat body, 
which swims on one side, and has both eyes on 
one side. [clothes. 

FLAT'-I-RON (-I-urn), n. An iron for smoothing 

FLa'TtVE, a. Producing wind. 

FLAT'LY, ad. Evenly ; without spirit ; downright. 

FLAT'NESS, n. Evenness; lowness; vapidness; 
gravity of sound as opposed to sharpness or 
shrillness. 

FLAT'Ti'N (flat'tn), v. t. To make flat ; to beat 
down to the ground; to depress; to dispirit; in 
mitsic, to render less acute or sharp ; v. i. to grow 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vi"cious. — o as k; 6 as j; s as z; ch as sn; tiils. * Xot English. 



FLA 



166 



FLI 



or become even on the surface ; to become dead, 
stale, or tasteless; to become dull or spiritless; 
to depress the voice. 

FLAT'TER, v. t. To soothe or please by praise; 
to praise excessively ; to encourage by favorable 
representations; to raise false hopes; to wheedle. 

FLAT'TER-ER, n. One who praises another to 
gain his favnr, please him, &c. 

FLAT'TER-ING, a. Pleasing to pride ; favora- 
ble ; parasitical. — Syn. Gratifying ; encourag- 
ing; adulatory. 

FLAT'TER-ING-LY, ad. So as to gratify. 

FLAT'TER- Y, n. Excessive or false praise ; com- 
mendation ; adulation ; obsequiousness. — Syn. 
Sycophancy; laudation; wheedling. 

FLAT'TISH* a. Somewhat flat; dull or vapid. 

FLaT'u-LENCE, \ n. Windiness in the stomach ; 

FLaT'u-LEN-CY,J airiness; vanity. 

FLaT'u-LENT, a. Windy; puffy; empty. 

FLaT'u-LENT-LY, ad. As if from or with flatu- 
lence. 

+FLa'TUS, n. [L.] Wind ; a puff of air ; a breath. 

FLaT'WiSE, a. or ad. With the flat side down- 
ward ; not edgewise. 

FLaUNT (fliint), v.i. To throw or spread out; to 
strut; to display ostentatiously. 

FLaUNT, n. Something that hangs loosely; any 
thing displayed for show. 

FLa' VOR, n. A peculiar taste or smell. — Syn. Sa- 
vor; odor; scent; relish. 

FLa' VOR, v. t. To give a pleasant taste or smell to. 

FLa'VOR-LESS, a. Destitute of flavor; tasteless. 

FLa'VOR-OUS, a. Pleasant to the taste or smell. 

FLAW, n. A break ; defect ; fault.— Syn. Blem- 
ish ; imperfection ; crack ; squall. 

FLAW, V. t. To break; to crack ; to injure. 

FLAWLESS, a. Free from cracks or defects. 

FLAWY, a. Having flaws ; defective ; subject to 
sudden gusts of wind. 

FLAX, n. The plant of which linen is made; the 
fibrous part when hatcheled or combed. 

FLaX'-CoMB, n. A toothed instrument through 
which flax is drawn in preparing it for spinning ; 
a hatchel. [gles flax. 

FLaX'-DReSS-ER, n. One who breaks and swin- 

FLAX'J^N (rlak'sn), a. Made of or like flax ; fair. 

FLAX'-SEED, n. The seed of flax. 

FLaY (fla), v. t. To strip off the skin ; to skin. 

FLaY'ER, n. One who strips off the skin. 

FLeA (fleX n. An insect whose bite is annoying. 

FLeA'-BaNE, n. The name given to several 
plants which are supposed to keep off or poison 
fleas. 

FLeA'-BITE, n. The bite of a flea ; the red spot 
so caused , a trifling wound. 

FLeA'-BiT-T^/N (fle'-bit-tn), a. Bitten by a flea ; 
mean ; worthless. 

FLeAM, n. An instrument for opening veins. 

FLECK, \ v. t. To spot ; to streak ; to varie- 

FLeCK'ERJ gate. 

FLECTION (fl?k'shun), n. Act of bending ; a 
state of being bent. 

FLeDgE, v. t. To furnish with plumes or wings. 

FLeDgE'LING, n. A young bird just fledged. 

FLEE, v. i. Ipret. and pp. Fled.] To run with 
rapidity, as from danger ; to attempt to escape ; 
to escape ; to avoid. [at once. 

FLEECE, n. The coat of wool shorn from a sheep 

FLEECE, v. t. To shear off a covering of wool ; to 
strip by severe exactions ; to spread over, as with 
wool ; to make white. 

FLEE'CER, n. One who strips or exacts. 

FLEE'C Y, a. Covered with wool ; like wool. 

FLEER, v. i. To mock; to jeer; to grin with 
scorn ; v. t. to gibe ; to flout at. 

FLEER, n. Mockery ; a scornful grin. 

FLEER'ING-LY, ad. In scornful mockery. 

FLEET, a. Swift ; nimble ; quick in motion ; 
light. 

FLI^ET, n.- A number of ships in company. 



FLEET, v. i. To fly or pass swiftly ; to flit ; v. t. to 
skim the surface ; to pass over rapidly. 

FLEET'FOOT, a. Able to run rapidly. 

FLEET'ING, a. Literally, taking its flight ; not 
durable. — Syn. Transient; transitory. — Tran- 
sient represents a thing as short at the best; tran- 
sitory as liable at any moment to pass away. 
Fleeting goes further, and represents it as in the 
act of taking its flight. Life is transient; its 
joys are transitory; its hours are fleeting. 

FLEET'LY, ad. Swiftly; rapidly. 

FLEET'NESS, ti. Swiftness of motion; speed; ce- 
lerity. — Syn. Rapidity ; velocity ; nimbleness ; 
quickness. 

FLeM'ING, n. A native of Flanders. 

FLeM'ISH, a. Pertaining to Flanders. 

FLeNSE, v. t. To cut up a whale and obtain its 
blubber. 

FLeSH,«. Animal food; human nature; the soft- 
er solids of animals; animal nature ; carnal state; 
kindred stock; family; pulpy substance of fruit. 
— Syn. Meat; body; carnality; corruption; rela- 
tionship; kin; pulp. 

FLESH, v. t. To initiate ; to accustom ; to glut. 

FLESH -BRuSH, n. A brush to excite action of 
the skin. [flesh. 

FLeSH'-COL-OR (-kul-ur), n. The color of the 

FLeSH'-HOOK, n. Ahook to take flesh from apot. 

FLESH 'I -NESS, n. Corpulence; fat; plumpness. 

FLESH'LI-NESS, n. Carnal passions and appe- 
tites, [bodily. 

FLeSH'LY, a. Carnal; gross; animal; human; 

FLESH'Y, a. Corpulent; fat; plump. 

FLKTCH. v. t. To feather an arrow. 

*FLEUR DE LiS (flur de lc),7i. Corrupted in En- 
glish to flower de luce. [Fr.~\ Flower of the lily; 
a bearing in heraldry representing the lily ; an 
emblem of royalty. [arm. 

FLEX (fl ks), v. t. To bend, as a muscle flexes the 

FLEX-I-BiL'I-TY, n. Pliancy ; capacity of being 
bent or of being persuaded. 

FLEX'I-BLE (fleks'e-bl), a. Capable of being bent ; 

easily managed or turned; pliant; ductile Syn. 

Pliable; tractable; manageable; yielding. 

FLeX'I-BLE-NESS, n. Pliancy ; tractableness ; 
facility of mind. [bent. 

FLeX'iLE (flgks'il), a. Pliant ; pliable ; easily 

FLeX'ION (flek'shun), n. Act of bending ; a turn 
or bend ; the action of the flexor muscles. 

FLeX'OR, n. In anatomy, a muscle Avhich serves 
to bend the part of the body to which it belongs, 
in opposition to the extensor. 

FLeX'u-OUS, \ , flPk / sTl ..s ja. Bending; wind- 

FLeX'u-oSE, f (tlelc shu " } i ing. 

FLeX'uRE (fleks'yur), n. A bending or winding; 
the part bent; a joint. [fluctuate or twinkle. 

FLiCK'ER, v. i. To flutter; to flap the wings; to 

FLICK'ER-ING, a. Wavering ; twinkling ; fluc- 
tuating; 7i. a fluttering; a short irregular move- 
ment. 

FLi'ER, n. One that flies; part of a machine 
which, by moving rapidly, equalizes and regu- 
lates the motion of the whole. 

FLIGHT (fllte), n. A running away ; a flock of 
birds flying in company; a mounting; a soaring; 
an extravagant sally. Flight of stairs, a series 
of stairs from the floor. 

FLIGHT'I-NESS, n. Wildness ; delirium. 

FLiGHT'Y (flT'ty), a. Wild; fanciful; fleeting. 

FL1M'$I-LY, ad. Slightly; weakly; superficially. 

FLIM'SI-NESS, 7i. Thinness ; want of solidity ; 
weakness of texture. 

FLiM'SY, a. Without solidity or strength £yn. 

Light; superficial; feeble; shallow; vain; spir- 
itless; mean. 

FLINCH, v. i. To draw back ; to shrink ; to fail. 

FLIN'DERS, n. pi. Small pieces or splinters. 

FLING, v.t. Ipret and pp. Flung.] To cast; to 
throw ; to baffle ; to defeat ; v. i. to flounce ; to 
wince ; to cast in the teeth ; to sneer. 



a, b, &c, long. — a, j|i, &c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what; th£ke, tekm ; makine, bied; move, 



FLI 



167 



FLU 



FLING, n. A throw ; a gibe ; a sneer. 

FLINT, n. A hard stone ; a species of quartz ; a 
stone used for striking fire. 

FLiNT'Y, a. Made of flint ; very hard ; cruel ; in- 
exorable ; full of flint-stones. 

FLIP, n. A drink made of beer, spirit, and sugar. 

FLIP'PAN-CY, n. Fluency or volubility of speech. 

FLiP'PANT, a. Rapid in speech; having a volu- 

• ble tongue; talkative; pert; petulant. 

FLiP'PAXT-LY, ad. With ease and volubility. 

FLiP'PANT-NESS, n. Rapidity of speech ; pert- 
ness. 

FLiRT (IT), v. ts To throw with a jerk ; to toss ; v. i. 
to jeer or gibe; to run and dart about; to play 
at courtship ; to coquet. 

FLIRT, n. A sudden jerk; a pert, volatile girl. 

FLiR-Ta'TION, n. A flirting ; desire of attracting 
notice; playing at courtship; coquetry. 

FLiT, v. i. To flutter; to fly swift; to dart along; 
in Scotland, to remove from oue habitation to 
another. 

FLiTCH, n. A side of pork salted and cured. 

FLiT'TER, v. i. To flutter; to flap the wings. 

FLiT'TER-MOUSE, n. The bat. 

FLATTING, a. Variable; hying. 

FLoAT, n. Something swimming; a raft; a cork 
or quill used in angling; a wave; a wooden trow- 
el used by plasterers to float over or smooth a wall. 

FLoAT, y. i. To swim on the surface; to move or 
be conveyed on water ; to be buoyed up ; to move 
with a light, irregular course ; v. t. to cause to pass 
by swimming; to cause to be conveyed by water; 
to cover with water; to smooth with afloat, dipped 
often in water, as the plastering of a wall. 

FLoAT'AOE. n. Any thing that floats. 

FLoAT'-BoARDS, n. pi. Cross-boards of»a water- 
wheel on which the water strikes, giving motion 
to the wheel. 

FLoAT'ING-BRiDOE, n. A bridge which rests 
on the surface of the water. 

FLoAT'Y, a. Buoyant; swimming on the surface. 

FLOC'CU-LENCE, n. Adhesion in small locks. 

FLOC'CU-LENT, a. Adhering in small locks. 

FLOCK, n. A collection of small animals, as sheep 
and fowls ; a crowd ; a lock, as of wool. 

FL6CK, v. t. To gather in a crowd ; to assemble. 

FLOCK'-BeD, n. A bed filled with locks of wool. 

FLoE (flo), n. A large mass of floating ice. 

FL6G, v. t. To whip ; to lash ; to chastise. 

FLOG'GING, n. A whipping; chastisement. 

FLOOD (Arid), n. The deluge in the days of Noah; 
a great quantity; flow of tide; inundation. 

FLOOD (ftCid), v. t. To overflow; to inundate. 

FLOOD'-GaTE, n. A gate to stop or let out water. 

FLOOD'-MaRK, n. The mark to which the tide 
rises ; high-water mark. 

FLoOR, n. The bottom of a room or building on 
which we walk ; platform ; a story in a building. 

FLoOR, v. t. To lay or furnish with a floor; to 
prostrate. 

FLoOR'ING, a. Used for floors ; n. a platform ; 
materials for a floor ; making a floor. 

FLOP, v. t. To clip the wings; to flap. 

FLo'RA, n. The goddess of flowers ; an account of 
flowers; the botany of a particular country. 

FLO'RAL, a. Pertaining to flowers or to Flora. 

FLOR'EN-Ti'NE (-teen), n. A kind of silk cloth; 
a native of Florence. [plants. 

FLO-ReS'CENCE, n. The season of flowering in 

FLO'RET, n. A partial or separate little flower 
of an aggregate flower ; a little flower. 

FLO-RI-CuLT uRE, n. The rearing of flowers. 

FLOR'ID, a. Flushed with red ; flowery; showy. 

FLO-RiD-I-TY, \ n. Redness; fresh color; fresh - 

FLOR'ID-NESS,} ness of complexion; showy em- 
bellishment. 

FLO-RiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing flowers. 

FLo'RI-FORM, a. In the form of a flower. 

FLOR'IN, n. A coin of different values; a mod- 
ern English coin worth two shillings. 



FLo'RIST, n. One who cultivates flowers. 

FLftl'€U-LOUS } °" Cora P osed of little flowers. 

FLOS'CCLE, n. A floret which is part of an ag- 
gregate flower. 

FLo'TA, n. A fleet of Spanish ships. 

FLoT'AOE. See Floatage. 

FLO-Ta'TION, n. The act of floating. 

FLO-TiL'LA, n. A little fleet or fleet of small 
vessels. 

FLOT'SAM,T n. In law, goods cast out or lost, 

FLoT'SON, J with no owner, floating on the sea. 

FLOUNCE, v. t. To deck with a flounce. 

FLOUNCE, n. A loo^e trimming or frill on a la- 
dy's gown or other dress; a sudden jerking mo- 
tion of the body. 

FLOUNCE, v. i. To jerk or struggle violently. 

FLOUN'DER, v. i. To struggle as a horse in the 
mire or water; to roll and tumble. 

FLOUN'DER, n. A small flat fish. 

FLOUR, n. The fine part of grain, ground, sifted, 
or bolted. [flour. 

FLOUR, v. t. To grind and bolt ; to sprinkle with 

FLOuR'ISH (flur'rish), v. t. To brandish, as a 
sword; to make bold strokes; to embellish ; v. i. to 
thrive: to be prosperous; to make bold strokes; 
to embellish ; to boast. — Syn. To grow ; increase ; 
abound; prosper; display; vaunt. 

FLOuR'ISH (flur'rish), n. Parade of words ; a 
brandishing; bold strokes or figures in writing 
or speech ; in music, an air not played by rule; 
a sounding of trumpets in honor of some one. 

FLOUT, v. t. To mock; to treat with contempt; 
v. i. to practice mocking; to sneer at. 

FLOUT, n. Mockery; contemptuous fling. 

FLOUT'ER, n. Amocker; one who flouts or jeers. 

FLOUT'ING-LY, ad. Insultingly; with jeers. 

FLo W (flo), v. t. To cover with water ; y. i. to move 
as a liquid or a substance whose particles are 
loose ; to proceed or run easily ; to rise, as a tide ; 
to issue ; to be full. [rise of water. 

FLoW (rlo). n. A stream ; current ; abundance ; 

FLOWER (flou'er), n. The blossom of a plant; 
the prime or best part. 

FLOWER, v. i. To blossom forth ; to be in the 
prime ; to froth ; to ferment gently ; v. t. to em- 
bellish with figures. 

FLOWER-AOE, n. The being in flower ; flowers 
taken collectively. 

FLOWER DE LUCE, n. A kind of lily; flag- 
flower ; the ii~is. 

FLO WER-ET, n. A small flower. 

FLOW'ER-I-NESS, n. An abounding with flow- 
ers; floridness of speech. 

FLOWER-LESS, a. Having no flowers. 

FLOWER-STALK (-stawk), n. The peduncle or 
stem of a flower. 

FLOWER-Y, a. Full of flowers ; embellished 
with figures. 

FLoWING, a. Moving, as water ; smooth ; liq- 
uid ; fluent. 

FLu'ATE, n. In chemistry, a supposed compound 
of fluoric acid with a base. 

FLu€T'u-aTE (flakt'yu-ate), v. i. To move back- 
ward and forward as if on a wave ; to rise and 
fall. — Syn. To vacillate; waver. — Fluctuate is ap- 
plied both to things and persons, and denotes that 
they move as they are acted upon. The stocks 
fluctuate ; a man fluctuates between conflicting 
influences. Vacillate and waver apply only to 
persons, and represent them as in an active state. 
A man vacillates when he goes backward and for- 
ward in his opinions and purposes, without any 
fixity of mind or principles. A man leavers when 
he shrinks back or hesitates at the approach of 
difficulty jjr danger. 

FLUCT-u-a'TION, n. A waving motion ; un- 
steadiness. 

FLuE (flu), n. A passage for smoke ; soft fur or 
down ; very fine hair. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK; EULE, HULL; VI ClOUS.- 



g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + Not English. 



FLU 



168 



FOL 



FLu'EN-CY, n. The quality of flowing ; smooth- 
ness of speech ; readiness of utterance ; volu- 
bility. 

FLu'ENT, a. Flowing ; uttering words with ease. 

FLu'ENT, n. A stream ; in mathematics, a varia- 
ble quantity. 

FLu'ENT-LY, ad. With easy flow of utterance. 

FLu'G-BL-MAN (flii'gl-man), n. In German, the 
leader of a file ; a soldier who marks the time for 
the motions in the drill. 

FLu'ID, a. Having parts which easily move, as 
water; flowing; liquid. 

FLu'ID, n. A liquid or flowing substance. 

FLU-iD'I-TY, \ n. The quality of being capable 

FLu'ID-NESS,f of flowing. 

FLuKE, n. The part of an anchor which fastens 
in the ground; a sailor's name for the tail of a 
whale. [wheel. 

FLuME, n. A passage for water carrying a mill- 

FLuM'MER-Y, n. Spoon-meat of milk and flour ; 
in vulgar use, any thing insipid or not to the 
purpose; flattery. 

FLuNK'EY-ISM, n. Meanness ; base conduct. 

FLuNK'Y, n. A mean, base-spirited fellow ; in 
Scotch, flunkie is a livery-servant. 

FLu'OR, n. A fluate of lime, usually called fluor- 
spar ; menstrual flux. 

FLU-oR'IC, a. Pertaining to fluor. 

FLU-6R'I€ ACID, n. An acid obtained from 
fluor spar that eats into glass. 

FLu'OR-INE, n. A yellowish brownish gas, one 
of the acidifying and basifying principles. 

FLuR'RY, n. Sudden blast or gust of wind ; a 
bustle. 

FLuR'RY, v. t. To put in confusion ; to disturb. 

FLuSH, a. Fresh ; full of vigor ; affluent ; level. 

FLuSH, n. A sudden flow of blood to the face ; 
glow; bloom ; run of cards of the same suit. 

FLuSH, v. t. To cause the blood to rush suddenly 
into the face ; to excite the spirits ; v. i. to redden 
suddenly ; to appear suddenly red ; to be gay or 
beautiful ; to glow. 

FLuSH'DeCK, n. In a ship, a deck without a 
half-deck or forecastle. 

FLuSH'ING, n. A glow in the face. 

FLuS'TER, n. Heat; glow; agitation. [rosy. 

FLuS'TER, v. t. To confuse; to. heat; to make 

FLuTE, n. A musical instrument played on by 
the breath and fingers on stops ; armed en flute, 
used of a ship when part of her guns are re- 
moved ; a furrow in a column, &c. 

FLuTE, v. t. To cut hollow; to form channels in 
a column ; to form flutes in a lady' s ruffle. 

FLuT'ING, n. Fluted work on a column, &c. 

FLuT'IST, n. A performer on the flute. 

FLuT'TER, v.i. To move the wings rapidly; v. 
t. to disorder ; to hurry the mind ; to agitate ; to 
throw into confusion. [tation. 

FLuT'TER, n. Rapid movement ; hurry ; agi- 

FLuT'TER-ING, a. Hovering ; agitating ; n. a 
flapping of the wings ; agitation. 

FMTVI-AL ' I a - Belon g in £ to or growing in 

FLa'VI-A-TILE,f a river ' 

FLuX (fliiks), n. A moving in succession ; a flow- 
ing; looseness; a substance to aid the melting 
of metals. 

FLuX, v. t. To melt or fuse ; to make fluid. 

FLUX-a'TION, n. A flowing away and giving 
place to others. 

FLUX-iLT-TY, n. Capability of being fused. 

FLGX'ION (fluk'shun), n., A flowing. Fluxions, 
a higher branch of mathematics. 

FLuX'ION-AL, t a. Pertaining to mathematic- 

FLuXTON-A-RY,j al fluxions. 

FLy, v. i. \_pret. Flew, pp. Flown.] To move with 
the wings; to move rapidly; to shun; to burst 
open ; to spring by elastic force; v. t. to shun; to 
avoid ; to cause to float in the air. 

FLv, n. A winged insect ; a contrivance to equal- 



ize motion or accumulate power in a machine ; a 
light carriage. 

FLy'-BLoW (-bio), v. t. To lay eggs which pro- 
duce maggots or taint in any thing. 

FLy'-BLoW, n. The egg of a fly. 

FLy'ER, n. One that flies or runs away; the fly 
of a j ack ; parallel steps in stairs ; a performer in 
Mexico who flies round a post. 

FLy'ERS, n. pi. That part of a spinning-wheel 
which, with rapid motion, spins the thread. 

FLy'-FiSH, v. i. To angle with flies for bait. 

FLy'ING, a. Floating; triumphant, as flying col- 
ors ; waving ; moving ; light ; n. act of moving in 
the air. 

FLy'ING-BRiDgE, n. A bridge of pontoons or 
of two boats. [toral fins. 

FLy'ING-FiSH, n. A fish that flies with its pec- 

FLy'-LeAF, n. A blank leaf at the beginning or 
end of_a book. 

FLy'-RaIL, n. A part of the table that turns to 
support the leaf. 

FLy'-SPeCK, n. A stain left by a fly. 

FLy'-WHEEL, n. A wheel in machinery that 
equalizes its movements. 

FO, n. The name of Buddha in China. 

FoAL, n. A colt ; a filly ; young of the mare, &c. 

FoAL, v. t. To bring forth a colt ; v. i. to bring 
forth young, as a mare or she-ass. 

FoAM, v. i. To froth ; to be in a rage ; to throw 
_out with rage. 

FoAM, n. Froth ; spume ; rage. 

FoAM'ING-LY, ad. Frothily ; ragingly. 

FoAM'Y, a. Covered with froth ; frothy. 

F6B, n. A small pocket for a watch. 

FoB, v. t. To cheat; to trick; to defraud. 

Fo'CAL, a. Belonging to a focus or point ; in law, 
_the right of taking wood for fuel. 

Fo'CUS, n. ; pi. Fo'-gus-es, Fo'ci. [L.] A point to 
which rays of heat or light are concentrated by a 
lens or a concave mirror; a point of concentra- 
tion ; in conies, a point where rays reflected from 
all parts of the curve concur or meet. 

FoD'DER, n. Food or dry food for cattle. 

FoD'DER, v. t. To feed, as cattle. 

FoE, n. An enemy in war; any one hostile or op- 
posed to another. 

FoE'MAN, n. An enemy in war. 

Fffi'TAL. See Fetal. 

FCET'I-CIDE (fct'i-clde), n. The act by which 
criminal abortion is produced. 

FCE'TUS. See Fetus. 

FOG, n. A thick vapor rising from the earth or 
from water ; after-grass. 

FoG'-BaNK, n. At sea, an appearance in hazy 
weather as if of land, but which vanishes when 
approached. 

FoG'-BeLL, n. A bell on some dangerous point 
of a coast, rung by machinery to warn vessels 
during a fog. 

FoG'GI-LY, ad. Mistily; darkly; cloudily. 

FoG'GI-NESS, n. State of being foggy, [stupid. 

FoG'GY, a. Abounding with misty vapor; dull; 

Fo'GY, n. A stickler for old things ; one opposed 
to progress. [A provincial term in England, now 
jevived and applied to politics. See Halliwell.] 

FoH, int. An exclamation of contempt. 

FOI'BLE, n. A weakness; a failing; a fault. 

FOIL, v. t. To defeat ; to frustrate ; to render of 
no effect; to blunt ; to dull ; to interrupt ; to puzzle. 

FOIL, n. Defeat ; a blunt sword ; a thin leaf of 
metal ; leaf-like form in windows, &c. , called tre- 
foil, &c. ; any thing which serves to set off an- 
other thing by contrast; track or trail of game. 

FOIN, v. t. To push or prick in fencing ; n. a 
thrust or push. 

FOIST, v. t. To insert wrongfully or secretly. 

FOIST'Y. See Fusty. 

FoLD, n. A pen for sheep ; a flock of sheep ; a 
doubling or plait ; in composition, the same 
quantity added, as two-fold. 



X, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; theke, teem; 



[HE, BIED ; MOVE, 



FOL 



169 



FOR 



FoLD, v. t. To double over ; to lay in plaits ; to 
pen up. 

EoLD'EB, n. One who folds any tiling; an in- 
strument to fold paper. 

FoLD'ING, n. That which may close over an- 
other, as doors or joints made like a hinge. 

FO-LI-a'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. Leafy or with scales. 

Fo'LI- AGE, n. Leaves of trees ; a cluster of leaves. 

Fo'LI -ATE, v. t. To heat into a thin plate ; to 
cover with a leaf of tin and quicksilver. 

FO-LI-a'TION, n. The heating into plates; the 
leaving of plants ; the mode leaves lie in the hud ; 
the covering with leaf or plate. 

FO'LI-0 (fo'le-o or fol'yo), n. ; pi. F5'li-os. A book 
of two leaves to a sheet; a leaf; a book among 
merchants, or two pages of an account-book. 

Fo'LI-0 (fo'li-o or fol'yo), a. Pertaining to a folio 
or to a volume of the largest size. 

FoLK (foke), n. ; pi. Folks. People in general. 

FOL'LoW, v. t. The leading idea is that of going 
after, as to follow a leader ; hence, to imitate or 
obey, as to follow a pattern, to folloiv directions; 
to be consequent upon, as poverty follows intem- 
perance. Other varieties need not be enumera- 
ted. — Syn. To pursue. — To folloiv denotes sim- 
ply to go after; to pursue denotes to follow with 
earnestness, and with a view to attain some defin- 
ite object, as a hound imrsues the deer. 

FOL'LoW, v. i. To come after; to be consequent 
upon. — Syn. To succeed. — To follow means sim- 
ply to come after, as a crowd followed; to suc- 
ceed means to come after in some regular series 
or succession, as day succeeds to day, and night 
to night. 

FOL'Lo W-ER, n. One who follows ; a disciple ; 
one of the same faction or party ; a part of any 
machinery that goes or closes up after another; 
a beam in a press which brings down the weight. 
— Syn. Imitator; partisan ; attendant; chaser. 

FOL'LY, n. Weakness of understanding; an ab- 
surd or sinful act ; an imprudent act. 

FO-MeNT', v. t. To apply warm lotions ; to heat 
or excite ; to abet. 

FO-MEN-Ta'TION, 11. A bathing with warm lo- 
tions; instigation. 

FO-MENT'ER, n. One who foments. 

F6ND, a. Foolish; silly; foolishly tender; lov- 
ing ; relishing highly. 

FON'DLE, v. t. To dote on ; to treat with ten- 
derness. 

F'OND'LER, ii. One who treats with tenderness. 

FOND'LING, n. One fondled or caressed. 

FOND'LY, acZ. With affection ; lovingiy; dotingly. 

FoND'NFGS, n. Affection; love; tenderness. 

FONT, n. A baptismal basin ; assortment of types. 

FONT'AL, a. Pertaining to a fount or source. 

FONT'A-NEL, n. An issue for discharging hu- 
mors; an open space in an infant's skull. 

FOOD, n. That which is eaten or supplies nutri- 
ment. — Syn. Sustenance; provisions; aliment; 
nutriment; feed; fare; victuals ; meat. 

FOOL, n. One destitute of reason ; an idiot; also 
one who acts absurdly; a buffoon; a term of re- 
proach ; a weak person. 

FOOL, v. t. To disappoint; to impose on; v.i. to 
trifle ; to toy ; to spend time idly. 

FOOL'ER-Y, n. The practice of folly; habitual 
folly ; attention to trifles. 

FOOL'-HaRD-I-NESS, n. Foolish rashness ; 
courage without judgment or sense. 

FOOL'-HaRD-Y, a. Madly adventurous ; rash.— 
Syn. Venturesome ; rash ; precipitate ; headlong ; 
incautious. 

FOOL'ISH, a. Weak in understanding ; silly ; 
marked by folly ; ridiculous ; in Scripture, M-ick- 
ed. — Syn. Shallow ; irrational ; vain ; trifling ; 
contemptible ; sinful. 

FOOLTsH-LY,ad. Weakly; absurdly; wickedly. 

FOOL'ISH-NESS,n. Want of understanding; fol- 
ly ; in Scripture, wickedness. 



FOOLS'OAP, n. A kind of writing-paper, usually 
about 17 inches by 14. 

FOOL'S'-eR-RAND, n. The pursuit of that which 
can not be found. 

FOOT, 11. ;pl. Feet. That on which a thing stands ; 
the lower part of a thing; state; condition; the 
bottom of the leg; a measure of 12 inches,; 
measure in poetry; infantry. SeeFooTiNc. 

FOOT, v. i. To dance ; to walk ; v. t. to tread ; to 
spurn ; to add the numbers in a column and set 
the sum at the foot, as to foot up an account. 

FOOT'-BALL, n. A large inflated ball driven by 
"the foot ; the sport of kicking foot-ball. 

FOOT'-BOY, ii. Ahoy in livery; a servant; a 
boy to run of errands. 

FOOT'-BRiDgE, n. A narrow bridge for pas- 
sengers. 

FOOT'-OLoTH, ii. A cloth to cover a horse, 
reaching to his heels; a cloth at the bottom of 
a carriage, &c. 

FOOT'-FALL, n. The foot-step ; a trip or tumble. 

FOOT'-GUaEDS, n. 2)1 Guards of infantry. 

FOOT'HoLD, 11. That which firmly sustains the 
'foot, or on which one may rest securely. 

FOOTING, n. Foundation ; support for the feet. 

FOOT'MAN, n. A man-servant ; a runner. 

FOOT'-PaCE, n. A slow walk ; a broad stair. 

FOOT'- PAD, ii. One who robs on foot. 

FOOT'-PXTH, ii. A way for :oot-passengers. 

F< )OT'-Po^T, 11. A messenger that travels on foot. 

FOOT'STEP, n. The mark of a foot ; a track ; in 
the plural, footsUps ; example; way; course. 

FOOT'-STOOL, ii. A stool for the feet. [comb. 

FOP, n. A vain, weak, trifling man ; a gay cox- 

FOP'PER-Y, ii. The manners or dress of a fop. 

FOP'PISH, a. Vain; gaudy; foolish. 

FOP'PISH-LY, ad. With ostentation and folly. 

FOP'PISH-NESS, n. Foppish manners or dress. 

FOR, prep. Because of; in hope of; iu place of; 
in favor of; according to; against; toward; in 
return of. 

FOR, con. The word by which a reason is intro- 
duced of something before advanced; because; 
on this account that ; properly, for that. 

FOR'AgE, n. Food for horses or cattle. 

FOR'AgE, v. i. To go in search of provision for 
horses ; v. t. to strip of provisions for horses. 

FO-Ra'MEN, n. ; 2>l- Fo-rXm'i-na. A small hole 
or opening ; a perforation ; an opening by which 
nerves and blood-vessels penetrate through the 
bones. [cause. 

FOR-AS-MuCH', ad. or con. Since; seeing; be- 

Fo'RaY, n. A sudden pillaging incursion in peace 
or in war. 

FOR-BEaR' (for-bareO, v. i. ipret. Forbore ; pp. 
Forborne.] To cease; to stop; to abstain; to 
delay ; v. t. to avoid voluntarily ; to decline ; to 
omit; to spare; to treat indulgently; to withhold. 

FOR-BEAR'ANCE, n. Act of forbearing ; com- 
mand of temper ; exercise of patience. — Syn. 
Abstinence ; restraint ; long-suffering ; lenity ; 
mildness. 

FOR-BID', v.t. Ipret. Forbade, Forbid; pp. For- 
bidden, Forbid.] Literally, to bid or command 
against; to prohibit. — Syn. To interdict ; debar; 
prevent ; withhold ; hinder. 

FOR-BID'DING, a. Repelling approach ; repul- 
sive. — Syn. Disagreeable ; offensive ; odious ; dis- 
gusting. 

FoRCE, n. The generic idea is that of power, 
either in actual exercise or capable of being 
exerted, as physical force, mental force, moral 
force, &c. ; hence, validity or legal force, an ar- 
mament or military force, violence or compulso- 
ry force, &c. — Syn. Strength. — Strength (from 
strain) looks rather to power as an inward capa- 
bility or energy; e.g., the strength of timber, 
bodily strength, mental strength, strength of 
emotion, &c. ; while force looks more to the out- 
ward, as the force of momentum, force of cir- 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; RULE, BULL ", VI CIOUS. — € as K ; G as 



en as sn ; this. * Not English. 



FOR 



170 



FOR 



cumstance, force of habit, &c. We do, indeed, 
speak of strength of will and force of will ; but 
even here the former may lean toward the inter- 
nal tenacity of purpose, and the latter toward the 
outward expression of it in action. But, though 
the two words do in a few cases touch thus close- 
ly on each other, there is, on the whole, a marked 
distinction between our use of force and strength. 

FoRCE, v. t. To impel forward; to compel either 
by physical or moral power; to take by violence; 
to storm ; to violate by force ; to ravish ; to cause 
to ripen prematurely, as fruit. — Syn. To con- 
strain ; impel ; urge ; coerce ; necessitate ; oblige ; 
_drive. 

FoRCSD, a. Extorted by force. 

FoRCE'FUL, a. Violent; vehement; strong. 

FoRCE'-MeAT, n. Meat chopped fine for stuffing. 

FoR'CEPS, n. [Z/.] A pair of pincers or tongs. 

FoR'CER, n. One that compels; the piston of a 
_forcing-pump. 

FoR'CI-BLE, a. Having great force ; operating 
by compulsion. — Syn. Strong; powerful; ener- 
getic ; vehement ; mighty ; efficacious ; cogent ; 
violent; overpowering; impressive. [force. 

FoR'CI-BLE-NESS, n. State of being forcible; 

FoR'CI-BLY, ad. With violence ; powerfully. 

Folt'CING-PuMP, n. A pump which forces or 
raises water by direct pressure of the piston. 

FoRD, n. A place where water is passed on foot. 

FoRD, v. t. To pass by wading. 

FoRD'A-BLE, a. Passable on foot; that may be 
jwaded. 

FoRE, a. Advanced; being in front; going first; 
ad. before ; fore and aft, from the stem to the 
_stcm of a ship. 

FoRE, in composition, generally denotes priority 
of time, sometimes of place. 

FoRE-aRM', v. t. To arm beforehand. 

FoRE'-XRM, n. The part of the arm from the 
wrist to the elbow. 

FoRE-BoDE', v. t. To prognosticate ; to betoken; 
applied chieflg to something evil. [ment. 

FoRE-BODE'MENT, n. A presaging; presage- 

FoRE-BoD'ING, n. Prognostication of evil. 

FoRE-BoDTNG, a. Prognosticating evil. 

FoRE-€AST', v.t. or i. To plan beforehand; to 
foresee. 

FoRE'CaST, n. Previous thought or contrivance. 

FoRE'€AS-TLE (fdre'kas-sl), n. The short deck in 
the fore part of a ship ; also the part under that 
_deck occupied by the sailors. 

FoRE~CiT_'ED, a. Quoted or mentioned before. 

FoRE-CLoSE', v.t. To shut out; to preclude; 
in law, to cut off the power of redemption under 
a mortgage. 

FoRE-€Lo$'uRE (fore-klo'zhur), h. Act of pre- 
cluding ; a preventing ; prevention ; in law, the 
cutting off the equity of redemption under a 
mortgage. 

FoRE-DOOM', v. t. To doom beforehand. 

FoRE'-END, n. The fore part ; end that is forward. 

FoRE'Fa-THER, n. An ancestor. 

FoRE-FeND', v. t. To hinder; to defend. 

FoRE-FIN G 'GER (-fing'ger), n. The finger next 
to thfe thumb. 

FoRE'-FOOT, n. One of the forward feet of a 
quadruped ; a hand, in contempt. [head. 

Fo RE-F RoNT' (-fr tint') , n. The front ; van ; fore- 

FoRE-Go', v. t. To forbear to possess. 

FoRE-Go'ING, a. Going before in time or place ; 
preceding. — Syn. Prior; antecedent; previous; 
Jbrmer. 

FoRE'GONE (-gawn) (20), a. Formed beforehand. 

FoRE'GROUND, n. The front part of a picture. 

FoRE'HAND, a. Done before. [erty. 

FoRE'HAND-ED, a. Early; timely; easyinprop- 

FoRE'HEAD (for'hed), n. The upper part of the 
face ; impudence ; confidence ; assurance. 

FoR'EIGN (for'en), a. Belonging to another coun- 
try ; distant or removed in place ; not connected ; 



not to the point. — Syn. Outlandish ; alien ; ex- 
otic; remote; extraneous; extrinsic. 

FoR'EIGN-ER, n. A native of another country. 

FoR'EIGN-NESS, n. Remoteness ; want of re- 
lation. 

FoRE-JuDgE', v. t. To judge beforehand. 

FoRE-KNoW (fore-no'), v. t. To know before. 

FoRE-KNoWL'EDgE (fore-nol'ej), n. Knowl- 
edge of future events; prescience. 

FoRE'LAND, n. A promontory or cape. 

FoRE-LaY', v. t. To lay wait for; to entrap by 
_ambush ; to contrive antecedently. 

FoRE'LOCK, n. A lock of hair on the forehead. 

FoRE'MAN, n. The chief man of a jury or in a 
shop. [ship. 

FoRE'MAST, n. The mast nearest the head of a 

FoRE'-NAMisD (-namd), a. Named in the part 
before. 

FoRE'MoST, a. First in place or order. 

FoRE-NOON', n. The first half of the day. 

FO-ReN'SIC. a. Relating to or used in courts. 

FoRE-OR-DaIN_', v. t. To determine beforehand. 

FoRE-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. Previous ordination 
_or appointment ; predestination. 

FoRE'-PXRT, n. The part before in time or place ; 
the beginning. 

FoRE'-RANK, n. The rank that leads. 

FoRE-RuN', v. t. To go before; to precede. 

FoRE-RfjN'NER, n. One sent before; a prognos- 
tic ; a harbinger ; a precursor. I 

FoRE'SaIL, n. A sail on the fore-yard, supported 
_by a foremast. 

FoRE-SEE', vA. To see beforehand ; to divine. 

FoRE-SHaD'oW, v. t. To typify or represent by 
a symbol beforehand. 

FoRE-SH6RT'J?N (-shor'tn), v. t. To shorten 
some part of an object as depicted on canvas, 
because it appears shorter to the eye from being 
viewed obliquely. 

FoRE-SHoRT'.EN-ING (-shor'tn-ing), n. The 
jepresentation of figures when viewed obliquely. 

FoRE-SHoW, v. t. To indicate beforehand ; to 
^predict. 

FoRE'SiDE, n. The front side of any thing. 

FoRE'STGHT (-site), n. A seeing beforehand ; 
penetration ; prudence ; forethought. 

FoRE'SKIN, n. The prepuce. 

FOR'EST, n. An extensive wood ; a. pertaining 
to or resembling a forest. 

FoRE-STALL' (fore-Stawl'j, v. t. To take before- 
hand ; to buy goods before they reach the mar- 
ket. — Syn. To anticipate ; preoccupy ; monopo- 
lize ; engross. [forest. 

FoR'EST-ER, n. One who guards or lives in a 

FoRE-TaSTE', v. t. To taste before ; to anticipate. 

FoRE'TaSTE, n. A taste beforehand ; anticipa- 
tion. 

FoRE-TfiLL', v. t. ipret. and pp. Foretold.] To 
tell before an event happens ; v. i. to utter pre- 
diction or prophecy. — Syn. To predict; prophesy; 
_augur; prognosticate. [esies. 

FoRE-TeLL'ER, n. One who predicts or proph- 

FoRE'THOUGHT (-thaut), n. A thinking before- 
hand ; provident care. — Syn. Premeditation ; 
prescience; foresight; anticipation; forecast. 

FoRE-To'KLE'N (-to'kn), v.t. To foreshow; n. 
previous sign. 

FoRE'TOP, n. Hair above the forehead; the 
platform at the head of a mast. 

FOR-eVER, ad. At all times; to eternity; 
through endless ages. — Syn. Constantly; inces- 
santly ; always ; ceaselessly ; endlessly ; eternally. 

FoRE'WARD, n. The van ; the front. 

FoRE- WARN', v. t. To admonish beforehand ; to 
give previous caution. 

FoRE-WARN'ING, n. Previous caution. 

FoR'FEIT (f or'fit), v. t. To lose by an offense. 

FoR'FEIT (f or'fit), a. Lost by fine or crime, &c. ; 
liable to seizure. [offense. 

FoR'FEIT (f or'fit), n. That which is lost by an 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; theke, teem; marine, bird; move, 



FOR 



171 



FOR 



FdR'FEIT-A-BLE (for'fit-a-bl), a. That may be 
forfeited. 

FoR'FEIT-uRE (for'fit-yur), n. Act of forfeiting: 
thing forfeited; an estate forfeited. — Syn. Fine; 
mulct; amercement; penalty. 

FoRgE, n. A furnace or place where fron is beat- 
en into form; the act of working iron or steel. 

FoRgE, v. t. To form by hammering: to coun- 
terfeit; to make by any means; to make falsely. 
— Syn. To fabricate ; frame; counterfeit, foign. 

FoRg'ER, n. One who forges or counterfeits. 

FoRg'ER-Y, n. Act or crime of counterfeiting; 
that which is forged or counterfeited. 

FOR-GeT', v. t. \_pret. Forgot; Forgat (obs.) ; 
pp. Forgot, Forgotten.] To lose the remem- 
brance of; to slight; to neglect. 

FOR-GET'FUL, a. Apt to forget ; not bearing in 
mind; causing to forget. — Sro. Unremember- 
ing; unmindful; heedless; inattentive. 

FOR-GeT'FUL-NESS, n. Aptness to lose remem- 
brance; neglect; inattention. 

FOR-GfiT -ME-N6T', n. A small, beautiful blue 
flower, the myosotis, the emblem of fidelity. 

FOR-GET'TER, n. One who forgets. 

FoRg'ING, n. Hammering ; beating into shape , 
counterfeiting. 

FOR-GiVE', v. t. [pret. Forgate; pp. Forgiven.] 
To overlook an offense ; to remit, as a debt, pen- 
altv, or offense; to pardon. 

FOR-GIYE'XESS, n. The overlooking of an of- 
fense; removal of anger; disposition to forgive. 
— Syn. Pardon. — Forgiveness is Saxon, and par- 
tem Norman, both denoting to give back. The 
word pardon being early used in our Bible, has, in 
religious matters, the same sense as forgiveness ; 
but. in the language of common life there is a 
difference between them, such as Ave often find 
between corresponding Saxon and Norman words. 
Forgive points to inward feeling, and supposes 
alienated affection ; when we ask forgiveness, we 
primarily seek the removal of anger. Pardon 
looks more to outward things or consequences, 
and is often applied to trifling matters, as when 
we beg pardon for interrupting a man or for jost- 
ling him in a crowd. The civil magistrate also 
grants a pardon, and not forgiveness. The two 
words are, therefore, very clearly distinguished 
from each other in most cases which relate to 
the common concerns of life. 

FOR-GiY'ING, a. Pardoning; disposed to par- 
don ; merciful. 

FORK, v. i. To shoot into branches ; to divide 
into two ; v. t. to pitch with a fork, as hay ; to 
dig or break ground with a fork ; to make sharp. 

FoRK, n. An instrument with prongs. 

FoRKED (forkt) Ipret. andjpjj. of Fork], a. Di- 
vided into branches or prongs; raised with a 
fork. 

FoRK'ED-NESS, n. An opening into branches. 

FoRK'Y, a. Divided into shoots or points ; open- 
ing into parts. 

FOR-LoRN', a._ Forsaken; lost; wretched. 

F0R-L6RX'-HoPE', n. Men chosen in war for 
assault or uncommon peril. [state. 

FOR-LORN'XESS, n. A forsaken or wretched 

FORM, n. Shape; manner; model; order; exter- 
nal show ; ceremony ; a mold ; in printing, types 
when set up as columns or pages, inclosed in a 
chase ready for an impression — the outer form, 
the first and last pages; the inner form, the sec- 
ond and third pages. In the three following senses 
the English pronunciation is form: in schools, a 
class; a rank of students; a long seat. 

FoRM, v. t. To model ; to make ; to plan ; to con- 
stitute; to arrange; to compile, to enact. 

FORMAL, a. According to form; exact to affec- 
tation or stiffness; having the appearance with- 
out the substance; having the power of making 
a thing what it is. — Syn. Precise; ceremonious. 
— A man is precise (lit., cutting down) who re- 



duces things to an exact rule or standard ; form- 
al who shapes himself by some set form or pat- 
tern ; cerenionious when he lays much stress on 
the conventional laws of social intercourse. Men 
are formal in their manners, precise in their lan- 
guage or observances, ceremonious in receiving 
and entertaining strangers. 

FoRM'AL-ISM, n. A resting in forms in religion. 

FORM'AL-IST, n. One who regards or rests in 
mere forms ; a hypocrite. 

FOR-MAL'I-TY, n. Observance of forms , cere- 
mony; in law, formalities is used for formulas 
or rules of procedure. 

FORM'AL-LY, ad. According to forms and cere- 
monies; in open appearance: essentially. 

FOR-Ma'TION, n. Act of forming; creation; in 
geology, a mass of minerals formed apparently at 
the same epoch, and having the same general 
character of composition, lodgment, &c. 

FoRM'A-TlYE, a. That forms ; tending to form ; 
in grammar, serving to form; derivative; not 
radical. 

FoRM'A-TlYE, n. That which serves merely to 
give form, and is no part of the radical. 

FORM'ER, n. One who forms or makes. 

FOR'MER, a. First of two; before time, preced- 
ing in order of time. — Syn. Prior; previous; an- 
terior; antecedeut; foregoing. 

FoR'MER- LY, ad. In time long past ; of old. 

FOR-MI-€a'TION, n. A sensation like that made 
by ants creeping on the body. 

FOR'MI-DA-BI.E, a. Adapted to excite fear; im- 
pressing dread.— Syn. Dreadful; frightful; ter- 
rific; shocking; horrible. [dread. 

FoP/MI-DA-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of exiting 

FOR'MI-DA-BLY, ad. In a manner to excite fear. 

FORM'LESS, a. Having no clear, distinct shape. 

FORM'u-LA, n. ; pi. Form'C-l^:. Prescribed form 
or model; a profession of faith ; a prescription ; 
a general rule or expression for solving cases; 
the notation of constituents by symbols. 

FORM'u-LA-RY, n. A book of forms or prece- 
dents; prescribed form ; a ritual ; in law, a writ- 
ing containing- the form of an oath, &c. 

FORM'u-LA-RY, a. Stated ; prescribed. 

FOR'NI-GaTE, v. i. To commit lewdness. 

FOR-NI-Ga'TION, n. Incontinence of unmarried 
persons ;_idolatry. 

FoR'NI-Ga-TOR, n. A single person guilty of 
lewdness; sometimes, in Scripture, an idolater. 

FOR-SaKE', v. t. ipret. Forsook ; pp. Forsaken.] 
To quit entirely; to depart from; to withdraw 
aid or light, &c. — Syn. To abandon; relinquish; 
give up; renounce; reject. 

FOR-SOOTH', ad. In truth ; certainly; verily. 

FOR-SWEAR' (-sware'), v. t. Ipret. Forswore; pp. 
Forsworn] To reject or deny upon oath; v. i. 
to swear falsely; to commit perjury. 

FoRT, n. A fortified place; a castle. 

FoRTE, n. That department in which one excels ; 
_a peculiar strength or talent. 

FoRTH, ad. Onward in time, as from that day 
forth; out, as the plants in spring put forth 
leaves; out into view; forward; abroad. 

FoRTH-GoM'ING (-kiim'ming), a. Ready to ap- 
pear; making appearance. 

FoRTH-WITH', ad. Immediately; directly. 

FOR'TI-ETH, a. The tenth taken four times. 

FOR-TI-FI-Ga'TION, n. A work for defense; a 
fortified place; additional strength; the art or 
science of fortifying places. See Fortress. 

FOR'TI-FI-ER, n. One who fortifies or confirms. 

FoR'TI-Fy, v. t. To erect works to defend ; to add 
strength and firmness to. — Syn. To secure; con- 
firm; invigorate; strengthen; encourage, enable. 

FOR'TI-TODE, n. That strength or firmness of 
mind which enables a person to encounter dan- 
ger with coolness or courage, or to bear pain or 
adversity without murmuring or despondency. — 
Syn Resolution; resoluteness; endurance. 



DOVE, WOLF, IJOOK ; RULE, BULL ; 



''cious. — e asK; g as j; s as z; ch as sn; tuts. + Not English. 



FOR 



172 



FOX 



FoRT'NiGHT (fort'nlte), n. Contracted from four- 
teenth night; the space of two weeks. 

FoR'TRESS, n. A fortified place ; a strong hold. 
— Syn. Fortification; castle; citadel. — A fortress 
is constructed for military purposes only, and is 
permanently garrisoned ; a, fortification is built 
to defend harbors, cities, &c. ; a castle is an an- 
tique fortress which was ordinarily a palatial 
dwelling; a citadel is the strong hold of a for- 
tress or city, &c. 

FOR-Tu'I-TOUS, a. Happening by chance ; com- 
ing unexpectedly or without a known cause. — 
Syn. Accidental; casual; contingent; incidental. 

FOR-TD'I-TOUS-LY, ad. Accidentally; by chance. 

FOR-T0'I-TOUS-NESS,ra. The quality of being ac- 
cidental. — Syn. Casualty; accideutalness ; chance. 

FOR-Tu'I-TY, n. Chance; accident. 

FoRT'u-NATE, a. Receiving some good not de- 
pendent on one's skill or efforts; coming by good 
fortune. — Syn. Successful; prosperous. — A man 
is fortunate when unusual blessings fall to his 
lot ; successful when he gains what he aims at ; 
prosperous when he succeeds in those things 
which men commonly aim at. One may be fort- 
unate in some cases where he is not successful; 
he may be successful, but, if his plans are badly 
formed, he may for that reason fail to be x^ros- 
perous. 

FoRT'u-NATE-LY, ad. Luckily; successfully. 

FORT'u-NATE-NESS, n. Good luck ; prosperity ; 
happiness. 

FoRT'uNE (fort'yun), n. Properly, the arrival 
of something unexpectedly; the good or ill that 
befalls mau ; that which takes place or occurs ; 
the means of living or that which is possessed ; 
the events in the future. — Syn. Chance; luck; 
portion; riches; success; futurity; destiny; fate. 

FoRT'uNE, v. i. To happen ; to fall out ; to befall. 

FoRT'uNE-HuNT'ER, n. A man that seeks to 
marrv a woman with a large fortune. 

FoRT'uNE-TeLL'ER, n. One who pretends to 
tell the future events of one's life. [unes. 

FoRT'ONE-TeLL'ING, n. Art of foretelling fort- 

FoR'TY, a. Four times ten. 

Fo'RUM, n. A market-place in Rome ; a court of 
justice; a tribunal; also, jurisdiction. 

FoR'WARD, a. Being before; ready; prema- 
ture; prompt; quick; bold; immodest; ad. in 
front ; progressively. 

FoR'WARD, v. t. To advance; to promote; to 
hasten; to send onward, to transmit, as goods. 

FoR'WARD-ER, n. One who forwards or ad- 
vances; a person who sends forward goods, &c. 

FoR'WARD-LY, ad. Eagerly ; promptly ; boldly ; 
immodestly. 

FoR'WARD-NESS, n. Cheerful readiness; eager 
' desire for action ; unusual state of advance ; want 
of reserve. — Syn. Promptness ; eagerness; ardor; 
zeal ; readiness ; confidence ; boldness ; impu- 
dence. 

F6SSE (foss), n. A ditch ; moat; cavity. 

FoS'SIL, a. Dug from the earth. The term is 
usually applied to organic substances, as fossil 
shells or bones. 

FoS'SIL, n. A substance dug from the earth ; the 
remains of animals and plants found in geologi- 
cal formations. 

FOS-SIL-IF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or containing 
fossil or organic remains. [particular study. 

FoS'SIL-IST, n. One who makes fossil remains his 

FoS'SIL-iZE, v. t. To convert into a fossil. 

FoS'SIL-iZE, v. i. To be changed into a fossil. 

FoS'TER, v. t. To nurse; to feed; to cherish; to 
sustain. 

Fo S'TER-AoE, n. The charge of nursing a child. 

FoS'TER-OHILD, n. A child nursed or brought 
up by one not its parent. 

FoS'TER-DaM. n. A nurse, not the mother. 

FOS'TER-Fa-THER, n. One who takes the place 
of a father in bringing up a child. 



FoS'TER-ING, n. The act of nursing, nourishing, 
or cherishing. [parent. 

FoS'TER- LING, n. A child nursed by one not its 

FoS'TER-MoTH'ER (-muth'er), n. A nurse. 

FoTH-ER, v. t. To stop a leak in a ship by a sail, 
oakum, fee, let down to be sucked into the crack. 

FOUL, a. Containing extraneous matter, or what 
is turbid and impure; morally defiled in origin 
or tendency; not lawful by established usages 
and customs; full of gross, coarse, or noxious 
things ; contrary or opposed ; entangled. — Syn. 
Filthy; dirty; muddy; cloudy; polluted; ob- 
scene; wicked; detestable; unfair; dishonest; 
disgraceful ; coarse ; gross ; offensive ; entangled. 

FOUL, v. t. To make filthy ; to defile ; to pollute ; 
to soil. [unfairly. 

FOUL'LY, ad. Dirtily; filthily; disgracefully; 

FOUL'-MOUTILED (-mouthd),f a. Using ob- 

FOUL'-SPo'Kl?N, j scene or pro- 

fane language; slanderous. [ty; unfairness. 

FOUL'NESS, n. Filthiness; pollution; deformi- 

FOUND, v. t. To lay a basis ; to begin and build ; 
to set ; to establish ; to cast metal. 

FOUN-Da'TION, n. The basis of an edifice ; the 
basis or groundwork of any thing ; the act of lay- 
ing a basis; original endowment; establishment; 
institution. 

FOUND'ER, n. One who founds or begins; one 
who casts metals ; one who endows; lameness or 
injury of a horse usually produced by overwork- 
ing or improper feeding. 

FOUND'ER, v. i. To fill, or fill and sink ; to fail ; 
to trip; to fall. [producing founder. 

FOUND'ER, v. t. To lame or disable a horse by 

FOUND-RY, \ n. The art of casting metals into 

FOUND'ER- Y,j various forms ; a place for cast- 
ing metals. 

A child deserted, or found a 

Dishes, or endows. 

A female who founds, estab- 

1 n. A spring; source; jet; head of 

FOUNT'AIN,] a river; original. 

FoUR, a._ One more than three. 

FoUR'FoLD, a. Four times as much or many. 

FoUR'FoLD, v. t. To assess in a fourfold ratio. 

FoUR'-FOOT'ED, a. Quadruped; having four 
feet. 

FoUR'I-ER-I$M (foor'e-er-izm), n. The scheme 
of Fourier for reorganizing society into associa- 
tions with a community of property. 

FoUR'SCoRE, a. Eighty; four times twenty. 

FoUR'-SQUARE, a. Having four equal sides and 
jingles. 

FoUR'TEEN, a. Four and ten added together. 

FoUR'TEENTH, a. The fourth after the tenth ; 
the ordinal of fourteen. 

FoURTH, a. The ordinal of four; in music, an 
interval of two tones and a semitone. 

FoURTH'LY, ad. In the fourth place. 

FOWL, v. i. To catch or kill wild fowl. 

FOAVL, n. A winged animal ; a bird. 

FOAVL'ER, n. One who practices catching birds. 

FOWL'ING, n. The art or practice of catching or* 
shooting fowls or birds. [ing fowls. 

FOWL'ING-PIeCE (-peece), n. A gun for shoot- 

F6X, n. An animal of the canine genus; a sly, 
cunning fellow ; a small strand of rope. 

FoX'-CHivSE,? n. The chase or hunting of fox- 

FoX'-HuNT, f es. 

FoX'-GLoVE, n. A poisonous plant with hand- 
some flowers ; the digitalis. [chasing foxes. 

FoX'-HOUND, n. A dog trained for hunting or 

FoX'-HuNT-ER, n. One who hunts foxes. 

F6X'~HuNT'ING, n. The act or practice of hunt- 
ing foxes. 

F6X'ISH KE '}' a - Resembling a fox ; wily. 
FoX'Y, a. Like a fox; in painting, noting where 

the shadows and lower tones have too much of 

yellowish or reddish brown. 



FOUND'LING, n. 

parent or owner. 

FOUND'RESS, n. 

FOUNT, 



I, 1, &c, long. — I, I, &c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what; theke, teem; marine, bird ; move, 



FRA 



FRE 



FRa'CAS, n. A noisy quarrel; an uproar; dis- 
turbance ; a brawl. 

FRACTION (frak'shun), n. Act of breaking; a 
broken part ; division of a whole number. 

FRaC'TION-AL, \ ft. Consisting in fractions ; 

FRA€'TION-A-RY,j belonging to a broken 
number. [peevish; cross. 

FRACTIOUS (frSk'shus), ft. Apt to quarrel; 

FRACTIOUS-LY, ad. With peevishness. 

FRACTIOUS-NESS, n. Crossness ; a snappish 
temper ; quarrelsomeness. 

FRACT'ORE (frakt'yur), n. A breach of a solid ; 
disrupture of a solid body. 

FRACT'ORE, v. t. To break or crack, as a bone. 

FRag'iLE (fraj'il), ft. Easily broken ; liable to 
fail ; easily destroyed. — Syn. Brittle ; frail ; in- 
firm; weak. 

FRA-giL'I-TY, n. Brittleness; frailty; weakness. 

FRAG'MENT, n. A piece broken off; an imper- 
fect part; detached portion. 

FRaG'MENT-A-RY, ft. Composed of fragments. 

FRa'GRANCE. \ n. Sweetness of smell; pleasing 

FRa'GRAN-0 Y, j scent ; grateful odor. 

FRa'GRANT, a. Throwing out or diffusing an 
agreeable odor. — Syn. Sweet-smelling; odorous; 
odoriferous ; sweet-scented ; redolent ; ambrosial ; 
balmy ; spicy ; aromatic ; perfumed. 

FRa'GRANT-LY, ad. With a pleasant smell. 

FRaIL, ft. Liable to fail and decay; easily injured 
or destroyed ; weak in mind or resolution ; liable 
to error ; of easy virtue. — Syn. Infirm ; perisha- 
ble ; not durable ; irresolute ; credulous ; frag- 
ile ; unstable. 

FRaIL, n. A basket for holding figs or raisins ; 
rush for weaving baskets ; a quantity of about 75 
lbs. of raisins. 

FRaIL'NESS, n. Weakness; infirmity. 

FRaIL'TY, n. Weakness of resolution ; liableness 
to be deceived or seduced ; fault proceeding from 
instability; weakness of body. — Syn. Frailness; 
imperfection; failing; foible; feebleness. 

FRaME, v. t. To fit and join as parts of a whole ; 
to_form ; to adjust ; to invent. 

FRaME, n. Timbers of an edifice; any kind of 
case made for admitting, inclosing, or supporting 
things ; among printers, a stand to support the 
cases in which the types are distributed ; order; 
fo_rm. 

FRaM'ER, n. One who frames or makes. 

FRaME'-WORK, n. The frame; that which sup- 
ports or incloses any thing. 

FRaM'ING, n. The act of constructing a frame ; 
the frame thus formed. 

FRANC, n. A French silver coin. 

FRaN'CHiSE (fran'chiz), n. A privilege; immu- 
nity; a privileged district. 

FRaN'CIIISE (fran'chiz), v. t. To make free. 

FRAN'CHISE-MENT (fran'chiz-ment) ; n. Free- 
dom ; release from burden or restriction. 

FRAN-CiS'CAN, n. One of an order of monks. 

FRAN-Gl-BiL'I-TY, n. State or quality of being 
frangible. 

FRAN'gI-BLE, a. Liable to break ; easily broken. 

FRANK, n. A name given by the Turks, Greeks, 
and Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the west- 
ern part of Europe. 

FRANK, ft. Free in uttering real sentiments; us- 
ing no disguise; possessing a disposition unre- 
servedly to declare one's views; without condi- 
tions or compensation. — Syn. Open; candid; in- 
genuous; artless; plain; undisguised; sincere. 

FRANK, n. A free letter; a writing which ex- 
empts from postage. [postage. 

FRANK, v. t. To make free; to exempt from 

FRANK-iN'CENSE or FRANK'IN-CENSE, n. A 
dry, resinous substance, used as a perfume. 

FRANK'ING, n. The act of exempting from post- 
age; in joinery, forming the joints where cross- 
pieces of the frames of the window-sashes inter- 

FRaNK'LIN, n. A freeholder. [sect. 



FRANK'LY, ad. Freely; openly; candidly; with- 
out reserve. [ousness. 

FRaNK'NESS, n. Plainness; freedom; ingenu- 

FRAN'TIC, ft. Mad; transported with passion; 
wild. 

FRAN'TIC-LY, ad. Furiously; outrageously. 

FRAN 'TIG-N ESS, n. Madness ; fury of passion. 

FRA-TiiR'NAL, a. Brotherly; becoming brothers. 

FRA-TeR'NAL-LY, ad. As a brother ought. 

FRA-TeR'NI-TY, n. A brotherhood; society; 
those of the same profession or class, &c. 

FRA-TER'NiZE, v. i. To unite as brothers. 

FRAT'Rl-CI-DAL, a. Pertaining to fratricide. 

FRAT'RI-CiDE, n. Murder, or the murderer of a 
brother. 

FRAUD, n. Artifice by which another's right or 
interest is impaired; breach of trust; injury by 
cheating. — Syn. Deceit; guile; craft; wile; 
sham ; trick ; circumvention ; cheat. 

FRAUD'FUL, ft. Deceitful; trickish. 

FRAUD'FUL-LY, ad. Deceitfully; treacherously. 

Sxu^SlISS,}^ Deceitfulness; fraud. 

FRAUD'u-LENT (frawd'yu-lent), ft. Deceitful in 
contracts; founded on fraud; treacherous. — Syn. 
Guileful; tricky; wily; subtle; cheating; de- 
ceptive; insidious; dishonest; unfair; knavish. 

FRAUD'u-LENT-LY, ad. By fraud ; trickishly. 

FRAUGHT (frawt), a. Loaded ; full ; replete. 

FRaY (fra), n. A quarrel ; a fright ; v. t. to fright- 
en ; to rub ; to fret. 

FReAK, n. A sudden starting or change of place; 
a sudden change of mind for no cause. — Syn. 
Whim ; fancy ; caprice ; frolic ; sport. 

FReAK'ISH, ft. Whimsical ; capricious ; odd. 

FREAK'ISH-LY, ad. With sudden, causeless 
change of mind. [capriciousness. 

FReAK'ISH-NESS, n. Whimsicalness; oddity; 

FReCK'LE (frek'kl), n. A spot on the skin. 

FReCK'LE, v. t. To give or cause freckles; v. i. 
to acquire freckles. [skin. 

FkeCK'LED (frek'kld), ft. Having spots on the 

FReCK'LY, ft. Marked with spots. 

FREE, ft. Being at liberty; in government, not 
enslaved ; not imprisoned ; clear of crime or of- 
fense; unconstrained; uncombined; open; liber- 
al in expense ; gratuitous ; invested with fran- 
chises or enjoying immunities; ready; eager to 
go without compulsion, as a horse. 

FREE, v. t. To deliver from bondage or restraint ; 
to set at liberty ; to disentangle ; to liberate ; to 
clear from. 

FREE-a'gEN-CY, n. The state of acting freely, 
or without constraint of the will. 

FREE'BOOT-ER, n. A robber ; a plunderer. 

FREE'-BORN, ft. Born free ; inheriting freedom. 

FREE'-ClT'Y, n. A city or town with certain 
rights and privileges. 

FREE'-CoST, n. Freedom from expense. 

FREED'-MAN, n. A man freed from slavery. 

FREE'DOM, n. Exemption from the power or 
control of another ; particular privileges ; ex- 
emption from any constraint or control; ease of 
doing any thing ; freedom of the city, the priv- 
ilege of citizenship. — Syn. Liberty ; independ- 
ence ; franchise ; immunity ; frankness ; bold- 
ness ; license. See Liberty. 

FREE'-HEaRT'ED, ft. Open ; liberal ; unreserved. 

FREE'HoLD, n. Land held by free tenure or in 
fee simple, subject to no superior or conditions. 

FREE'HoLD-ER, n. The owner of a freehold. 

FREE'-LiV-ER, n. One who eats or drinks 
largely. 

FREE'-LlV-ING, n. Full gratification of the ap- 
petite. 

FREE'LY, ad. At liberty; liberally; gratuitously. 

FREE'MAN, n. One who enjoys liberty, or who 
is not subject to the will of another; one enjoy- 
ing or entitled to a franchise or peculiar privi- 
lege, as of a city or state. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; u as j ; s as z ; en as sh ; tjhs. * Not English. 



FEE 



m 



ERI 



FREE'Ma-SON (-mfi-sn), n. One of the fraternity 
of masons. 

FREE'Ma'SON-RY (-ma'sn-ry), n. Principles, 
rules, and characteristics of freemasons. 

FREE'NESS, n. Openness; unreservedness; lib- 
erality^ 

FREE'-PoRT, n. A port where goods may enter 
free from duties. 

FREE-SCHOOL (-skool), n. A school open to all. 

FREE'SToNE, n. A kind of sand-stone easily cut 
or wrought, and much used in building. 

FREE'-THINK'ER, n. One who departs from es- 
tablished modes of thinking ; in matters of re- 
ligion, an unbeliever. 

FREE-WILL', a. Voluntary ; spontaneous, as a 
free-will offering. 

FREE-WILL', n. The power of choosing without 
compulsion or necessity ; voluntariness. 

FREE'WILL-BaP'TISTS, n. pi. Baptists who 
hold to freedom of the will as opposed to neces- 
sity. 

FREEZE, v.i. [pret. Froze; pp. Frozen orFEOZE.] 
To be congealed by cold ; to be chilled ; v. t. to 
congeal ; to harden into ice ; to chill ; to pro- 
duce a sensation as if of cold or shivering, as to 
freeze one's blood. 

FREEZ'ING-POINT, n. The point in the ther- 
mometer, 32° above zero (Fahrenheit's), where it 
begins to freeze. 

FREIGHT (frfite), v. t. To load, as a vessel. 1 

FREIGHT 'ER (frate'er), n. One who loads, or 
charters and loads a ship. 

FRENCH, a. Belonging to France; n. the lan- 
guage of France ; the people of France. 

FRENOH-H6RN', n. A wind-instrument of music. 

FReNCH'I-Fy, v. t. To make like the French. 

FRE-NeT'IC. See Frantic and Pheenetic. 

FReN'ZLE'D (fren'zid), a. Affected with madness. 

FReN'ZY, n. Distraction of mind ; any violent 
agitation of the mind approaching to distrac- 
tion. — Syn. Madness ; franticness ; rage ; desper- 
ation ; fury. 

FRe'QUEN-CY, n. A common occurrence. 

FRk'QUENT, a. Often done or occurring; com- 
mon, [haunt. 

FRE-QUfiNT', v. t. To visit often ; to resort ; to 

FRE-QUEN-Ta'TION, n. Act of frequenting ; 
habit of visiting often. 

FRE-QUeNT'A-TIVE, n. A verb which denotes 
the frequent repetition of action ; a. repeating 
often. 

FRE-QU£NT'ER, n. One who visits often. 

FRe'QUENT-LY, ad. Often; repeatedly; com- 
monly, [repeated. 

FRe'QUENT-NESS, n. The quality of being often 

FReS'CO, n. A picture in water-colors on a wall 
of fresh or recent mortar ; freshness of air. 

FReS'CO, V. t. To paint a fresco. 

FReSH, a. Having the color and appearance of 
young thrifty plants ; brisk ; healthy in counte- 
nance ; recently grown, made, or obtained ; un- 
impaired by time ; in a good state, &c. — Syn. 
Green ; unfaded ; ruddy ; vigorous ; new ; rare ; 
unused ; unimpaired, &c. 

FReSH, n. A freshet; water not salt. 

FRESHEN (fresh'shn), v. t. To make fresh; to 
revive ; to take saltness from any thing ; v. i. to 
grow fresh ; to lose saltness ; to grow brisk or 
strong, as the wind freshens. 

FReSH'ET, n. A flood in rivers from rain or 
melted snow. 

FReSH'LY, ad. Newly; coolly; briskly. 

FReSH'MAN, n. ; pi. Fresh'men. A novice ; one 
of the youngest class in a college. 

FReSH'NESS, n. Coolness; newness; ruddiness. 

FRESH'-WA-TER, a. Accustomed to sail on fresh 
water only, or in the coasting trade ; raw ; inex- 
perienced. 

FReT, v. t. To rub or wear away by rubbing ; to 
gnaw ; to corrode ; to agitate ; to disturb ; to 



tease ; to irritate ; to form into raised work ; v. 
i. to be worn away or corroded ; to be agitated ; 
to be chafed or vexed. 

FRET, n. Agitation of liquor or of mind ; a kind 
of stop in a guitar ; a knot or ornament of two 
fillets interwoven in architecture. 

FReT'FUL, a. Disposed to fret or chafe; show- 
ing impatience under the lighter troubles of life. 
— Syn. Peevish; cross. — Peevish marks the in- 
ward spirit, and fretful the outward act, while 
both imply a complaining impatience. Crossness 
is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger. 

FReT'FUL-LY, ad. Peevishly; angrily. 

FRET'FUL-NESS, n. Crossness; ill-humor. 

FRET'T&N (fret'tn), a. Marked with the small-pox. 

FReT'TING, n. A state of chafing ; vexation ; 
peevishness. 

FReT'TY, a. Adorned with fretwork. 

FReT'WoRK (-wiirk), n. Raised work ; work 
adorned with frets. 

FRI-A-BIL'I-TY. ) n. The quality of being easi- 

FRI'A-BLE-NESS, J ly broken, crumbled, and re- 
duced to powder. 

FRi'A-BLE, a. Easily crumbled or pulverized. 

FRi'AR, n. iFr. frere.] A monk of some order. 

Fm'AR-LY^i a - Like a friar; monkish - 

FRi'AR-Y, n. A monastery ; a convent of friars, 

FRIB'BLE, a. Frivolous ; trifling ; silly. 

FRIB'BLE, n. A trifling fellow ; v. i. to trifle. 

FRIC-AS-SEE', n. A stewed or fried dish of 
chickens, &c, cut into pieces; v. t. to dress in 
fricassee. 

FRICTION (Mk'shun), n. A rubbing ; the effect 
of rubbing or resistance a moving body meets 
with from the surface on which it moves. 

FRICTION-WHEELS, n. pi. Wheels on which 
rests the axis of a larger wheel, so arranged as 
to diminish friction in machinery. 

FRI'DAY, n. The sixth day of the week. 

FRl2?D (fiide), a. Cooked in a pan with grease; 
heated. 

FRIEND (frend), n. A person attached to another 
by affection ; a favorer ; a Quaker. 

FRIeND'LESS, a. Destitute of friends; without 
support; forlorn. [ship. 

FRIeND'LI-NESS (frend'-), n. Kindness; friend- 

FRIeND'LY, a. Having the temper and disposi- 
tion of a friend ; disposed to promote, or pro- 
moting another's good ; inclined to peace ; show- 
ing favor. — Syn. Kind; favorable; benevolent; 
amicable; social; neighborly; propitious; salu- 
tary. 

FRIeND'SHIP (frend'-), n. Affection; strong at- 
tachment ; kindness ; help ; aptness to unite. 

FRIEZE (freez), n. The nap on woolen cloth; 
coarse woolen cloth, with a nap of little tufts on 
one side ; in architecture, the part of the entab- 
lature of a column between the architrave and 
the cornice. 

FRIEZE, v. t. To form a nap on cloth. [50 guns. 

FRIG'ATE, n. A ship of war mounting from 28 to 

FRIGHT (frite), n. Sudden and startling fear; a 
thing of terror. — Syn. Alarm ; terror. 

FRIGHT (frite), \ v. t. To impress sudden 

FRiGHT'.ENtfri'tn),/ terror on; to shock sud- 
denly with the approach of evil or danger. — Syn. 
To affright ; terrify ; scare ; dismay ; daunt ; in- 
timidate. 

FRIGHT'FUL (frite'-), a. Creating or adapted to 
create sudden fear. — Syn. Dreadful ; awful. — 
These words all express fear. In frightful it is a 
sudden emotion ; in dreadful it is deeper and 
more prolonged; in awful the fear is mingled 
with the emotion of awe, which subdues us before 
the presence of some invisible power. An acci- 
dent may be frightful ; the approach of death is 
dreadful to most men ; the convulsions of the 
earthquake are awful. 

FRIGHT'FUL-LY, ad. Dreadfully; horribly. 



I, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — ca.ee, fae, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, bird; move, 



FRI 



175 



FRIT 



FRlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of frightening. 

FRI6TD (frij'id), a. Cold; dull; insensible. 

FRI-giDT-TY, to. Coldness; want of warmth; 
dullness. 

FRIOTD-LY, ad. Coldly; unfeelingly. 

FRIg'ID ZoNE, to. That part of the earth be- 
tween the polar circle and the pole. 

FRIG-O-RIETC, a. Causing or producing cold. 

FRTLL, to. An edging or ruffle. 

FRILL, v. i. To shake or shiver as with cold. 

FRINGE, to. A kind of trimming ; border; edge. 

FRINGE, v. t. To adorn with fringe. 

FRINg'Y, a. Adorned with or like fringe. 

FRIP'PER-Y, to. Old clothes ; traffic in cast-off 
dresses; place where old clothes are sold. 

FRIP'PER-Y, a. Trifling; contemptible. 

FRISK, v. i. To leap ; to dance ; to be frolicsome. 

FRISK, to. A frolic; a fit of wanton gayety. 

FRISK'ET, ri. A frame to confine sheets of paper 
in printing. [ness. 

FRISK'1-NESS, to. Liveliness; gayety; wanton- 

FRISK'Y, a. Lively; frolicsome; wanton. 

FRIT, to. Materials of glass after calcination. 

FRITH, to. Narrow arm of the sea ; opening of a 
river into the sea. [a shred. 

FRIT'TER, to. A kind of pan-cake; a fragment; 

FRIT'TER, v. t. To break into small pieces. 

FRI-V6L'I-TY, > to. Lightness ; trifling- 

FRlV'0-LOUS-NESS,j ness. 

FRIV'O-LOUS, a. Having no weight or import- 
ance; trifling; light. 

FRIV'O-LOUS-LY, ad. In a frivolous manner. 

FRIZZ, v. t. To curl or crisp; to form the nap of 
cloth into little hard burs or knobs. [curls. 

FRIZ'ZLE (friz'zl), v. t. To curl, or crisp in short 

FRo, ad. From ; back ; away. 

FR6CK, to. A loose outer garment of men, and a 
govt n for females pinned or tied behind. 

FR6CK'-€oAT, to. A strait-bodied coat of equal 
length all around, shorter than a surtout. 

FROG, n. An amphibious animal that leaps ; a 
cloak-button swelled in the middle ; a sort of ten- 
der horn in the middle of a horse's foot 

FROL'IC, a. Gay; merry; dancing and frisking 
about; full of pranks. 

FROL'IC, to. A wild prank ; a flight of levity and 
mirth ; a gambol , a scene of gayety or mirth. 

FRoL'IC, v. i. To play wild pranks ; to play tricks 
of levity. [and mirth. 

FR0L'IC-S6ME (frol'ik-sum), a. Full of gayety 

FROLTG-SOME-NESS, to. Gayety; wild pranks. 

FROM, prep. Issuing; departing; at a distance. 
It is used before words so as to point origin, ab- 
sence, distance, place, &c. 

FR6ND, n. The leaf peculiar to palms and ferns. 

FRON-DfiS'CENCE, to. The precise time of the 
year when a plant unfolds it leaves. 

FRON-DIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing leaves. 

FROND'oSE, \ a. Applied to a flower which is 

FROND'OUS, J leafy, or which produces branch- 
es charged with both leaves and flowers. 

FRONT (frunt), to. The face or fore part; van; 
most conspicuous part; the part of a body next 
to the observer when placed directly before him ; 
impudence. 

FRONT (frunt), v. t. To oppose face to face ; to 

oppose directly; to stand opposite to any thing; 

v. i. to stand foremost ; to have the face or front 

toward any direction. 

FRONT'AgE (frunt'aje), to. The front part of an 

edifice or lot ; the fore part. 
FRONT'AL, a. Belonging to the forehead or 
front; to. a pediment over a small door or win- 
dow; a topical remedy or bandage for the head ; 
among Jeios, a brow-band of four pieces of vel- 
lum on leather, each piece with a text, tied round 
the forehead in the synagogue. 
FRONT'IeR (front'eer), to. A border on another 
country, a. situated on the border of another 
country; adjoining. 



FRONT'IS-PIeCE, to. A picture facing the first 
page of a book; the principal face of a building. 

FRuNT'LESS (frunt'-), a. Shameless; impudent, 

FRONT'LET (frunt'-), n. A bandage worn on the 
forehead ; a frontal. 

FROST (20) (trust or fraust), to. Act of freezing; 
congelation; act of congealing; frozen vapor. 

FROST, v. t. To cover v.ith something like frost; 
to sprinkle or cover with sugar, &c, as cake. 

FRoST'BIT-TJ&N (frHst'bit-tn), a. Nipped by frost. 

FROST'ED, a. Covered with frost or something 
like frost; having hair changed white or gray; 
in architecture, applied to rustic work imitating 
ice formed by irregular drops of water; in botany, 
covered with glittering particles, as if frozen on. 

FROSTT-LY, ad. Coldly ; without warmth of af- 
fection. 

FROST'1-NESS, to. State of being frosty. 

FROST'ING, to. A composition of loaf-sugar and 
eggs for_covering cake. 

FROST'NaIL, to. A nail driven into a horse's shoe 
to prevent his slipping on the ice. 

FROST'-WORK (-wiirk), to. Work resembling 
hoar-frost on shrubs. 

FRO ST' Y, a. Containing frost; like frost; freez- 
ing; without warmth or kindness; white; gray- 
haired. 

FROTH (20) (froth or frauth), to. Foam ; light mat- 
ter; empty show of wit; v. i. to foam; to throw 
out or up bubbles or foam. 

FROTH, v. t. To cause to foam. [ness. 

FROTH'I-NESS, to. State of being frothy ; empti- 

FROTH'Y, a. Full of froth ; vain ; soft ; empty. 

FROUNCE, v. t. To curl or frizzle the hair about 
the face ; to gather into plaits or wrinkles. 

FROUNCE, to. A wrinkle or curl ; a plait. 

FROU'ZY, a. Musty ; fetid ; rank. 

FRo'WARD, a. Unwilling to yield or obey ; turn- 
ing away with aversion or reluctance; discon- 
tented in temper. — Syn. Perverse ; ungovernable ; 
peevish ; wayward ; refractory : disobedient ; pet- 
ulant ; cross. 

FRo'WARD -LY, ad. Peevishly ; perversely. 

FRo'WARD-NESS, to. Perverseness ; peevish- 
ness ; disobedience; petulance. 

FROWN, to. A wrinkled and sour look ; an ex- 
pression of displeasure. 

FROWN, v. t. To repel by expressing displeas- 
ure ; to rebuke ; v. i. to express displeasure by 
contracting the brows; to look threatening; to 
scowl or lower. [ling. 

FROWN'ING, a. Lowering; threatening: repel- 

FROWN'ING-LY, ad. With a frown ; sternly. 

FROW'Y, a. Musty ; rancid. 

FRoZ'jEN (fro'zn), pv. Congealed; icy; a. sub- 
ject to frost ; chill ; very cold. 

FRUC-TeS'CENCE, to. Time when the fruit of a 
plant comes to maturity. [fruit. 

FRUC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or bearing 

FRU€-TI-FI-Ca'TION, n. Fecundation; act of 
making fruitful ; in botany, the temporary part 
of a plant used for generation. 

FRCC'TI-Fy, v. t. To make fruitful; to fertilize; 
v. i. to_bear fruit. [ty ; fruitful. 

FRu€T'u-OUS, a. Bearing fruit; causing fertiii- 

FRu'GAL (31), a. Saving of expenses without 
meanness ; economical in the use or appropria- 
tion of money, goods, or provision of any kind. — 
— Syn. Sparing; prudent; careful.; thrifty; not 
prodigal; inexpensive; economical, which see. 

FRu-GaL'I-TY, to. A sparing, judicious appropri- 
ation of money or other commodities ; good hus- 
bandry, [agement. 

FRC'GAL-LY, ad. With economy or good man- 

FRu-giE'ER-OUS, a. Producing fruit or corn. 

FRCIT (31) (frute), to. Produce of the earth; the 
produce of trees; seed of a plant; shrubs; prod- 
uce of animals ; profit. 

FRCIT'AgE, n. Fruit in general; various fruits. 

FRCTT'-BOD, to. The bud which forms into fruit. 



doyf., wolf, book ; eule, btiix ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; cu as su ; tuis. "*" Xot English. 



FRU 



17G 



FUN 



FRfrlT'ER-ER, n. One who deals in fruit. 

FRuIT'ER-Y, n. A fruit-loft ; fruit in general. 

FRfTFFUL, a. Producing much fruit ; bearing 
children'; abounding in an}' thing; producing in 
abundance. — Syn. Productive; prolific; fecund; 
fertile ; plenteous ; plentiful ; abundant. 

FROIT'FUL-LY, ad. With much fruit; abund- 
antly. 

FROITFUL-NESS, n. Productiveness; abund- 
ance ; fertility ; fecundity. 

FRU-l"TION (fru-issh'un), n. Enjoyment of body 
or mind ; gratification ; use ; possession. 

FRUITLESS, a. Destitute of fruit ; productive of 
no advantage ; not bearing offspring. — Syn. Bar- 
ren ; unprofitable ; abortive ; ineffectual ; vain ; 
useless; unprolific. 

FRuIT'LESS-LY, ad. Unprofitably; in vain. 

FROTT'LESS-NESS, n. Defect of fruit or profit ; 
state or quality of being unprofitable. — Syn. Un- 
productiveness; unprofitableness; infertility. 

FROIT'-TREE, n. A tree that bears fruit. 

FRU-MEN-Ta'CEOUS (-ta'shus), a. Made of grain 
or like it. [milk. 

FRu'MEN-TY, n. Food made of wheat boiled in 

FRuMP, n. A jeer or joke ; a cross-tempered, testy 
woman. 

FRuSH, n. A tender horn in the sole of a horse. 

FRUS-TRa'NE-OUS, a. Vain; fruitless; unprofit- 
able, [defeat; to nullify. 

FR&S'TRaTE, v. t. To disappoint ; to balk ; to 

FRfiS'TRATE, a. Vain ; useless ; null ; void. 

FRUS-TRa'TION, n. Disappointment; defeat. 

FRuS'TRA-TIVE, a. Tending to defeat. 

FRuS'TUM, n. The part of a solid cut off by a 
plane parallel to the base, as of a cone, pyramid, 
&c. [shrubby. 

FRU-TES'CENT, a. From herbaceous becoming 

FRf/TI-€o;SE, \ a. Branching like a shrub ; 

FRu'TI-€OUS,j shrubby. 

FRY, v. t. To cook or dress with fat in a pan ; v. i. 
to be heated and agitated ; to suffer the action of 
fire. [fish. 

FRv, n. That which is fried ; a crowd of small 

FRy'ING-PaN, n. A pan to fry in. 

Fu'GATE 1 

Fu'-Fa TFD f a ' P a i n * e( ^5 disguised with paint. 

Fu'CI, n. pi. A genus of sea-weeds ; algse. 

Fu'€OID, a. Resembling sea- weed; n. a fossil 
sea-weed. 

FuD'DLE, v. i. To get drunk ; v. t. to make drunk. 

FuDgE, int. A word of contempt. 

Fu'EL, n. Any substance that feeds a fire; com- 
bustibles ; that which feeds passion ; v. t. to feed 
with_ combustible matter. [tile. 

FU-Ga'CIOUS (-ga'shus), a. Flying away; vola- 

FU-GaCI-TY (-gas'e-ty), n. The quality of being 
apt to fly away; volatility; instability; uncer- 
tainty. 

FUGH,? int. An expression of abhorrence or con- 

FOH, j" tempt. [fugitives. 

Fu'gI-TiVE, a. Flying ; fleeting ; pertaining to 

Fu'gI-TiVE, n. A runaway; a deserter ; one hard 
to be caught or detained. 

Fu'gI-TiVE-NESS, n. Volatility; instability. 

Fu'GLE-MAN, \ n. One who stands in front of 

FLu-GEL-MAN,j soldiers at drill, to show them 
the movements they must imitate. 

FuGUE (fug), n. A composition in music in which 
the parts follow each other, repeating the subject 
at intervals above and below. 

FuL'ORUM, n. ; pi. Fui/cea or Fui/-gbums. A 
prop or support ; that which supports a lever ; 
prickles or tendrils, &c, by which plants cling 
to or on others. 

FUL-FiLL', v. t To perform ; to complete ; to 
carry into effect. 

FUL-FILL'MENT, n. Performance ; completion. 

F&L'gEN-CY, n. Brightness; splendor. 

FuL'gENT, a. Shining; resplendent; bright. 

FDL'GOR, n. A dazzling brightness; splendor. 



FU-Lig'1-NOUS, a. Like soot : smoky. 

FULL, a. Replete ; fat; supplied ; perfect; strong; 
crowded ; clear ; adequate ; having all it can con- 
tain ; satisfied. 

FULL, n. Complete measure or state ; the whole ; 
a state of satiety. 

FULL, ad Quite; without abatement; exactly. 

FULL, v. t. To cleanse, scour, or thicken, as cloth. 

FULL'ER, n. One whose business is to full cloth. 

FULL'ER'S EARTH, n. A soft, friable clay that 
absorbs grease, much used in fulling cloth. 

FULL'ER- Y, n. The place Avhere cloth is fulled. 

FULL'ING-MILL, n. A mill for scouring or 
thickening cloth. 

FULL'NESS, n. State of being full; repletion; 
plenty; struggling perturbation ; extent. 

FULL'-oRBi?D (-orbd), a. Round, like the full 
moon. 

FULL'Y, ad. To the full ; without lack or defect ; 
to repletion ; to the extent desired. — Syn. Per- 
fectly; completely; entirely; plentifully; suffi- 
ciently; clearly; distinctly. 

FuL'MI-NANT, a. Thundering. 

FuL'MI-NATE, v. i. To thunder; to issue denun- 
ciation or papal censure ; v. t. to utter with de- 
nunciation ; to cause to explode. 

FuL'MI-NATE OF MeR'€U-RY, n. A compound 
used in percussion caps. 

FOL'MI-Na-TING POWDER, n. An explosive 
compound of niter, sulphur, and carbonate of 
potash. 

FUL-MI-Na'TION, n. Denunciation of censure ; 
explosion of certain chemical preparations. 

FGL'MI-NA-TO-RY, a. Thundering ; striking ter- 
ror, [smell ; rank ; gross. 

FOL'SoME (fiil'sum), a. Nauseous; offensive in 

FuL'VOUS, a. Yellow; saffron-colored. 

FuM'BLE, v. i. To do. or handle awkwardly or 
much ; to grope ; to play childishly. 

FuM'BLER, n. An awkward or clumsy person. 

FuME, n. Smoke; vapor; rage; exhalation from 
_the stomach. 

FuME, v. i. To yield vapor ; to be in a rage ; v. t. 
to smoke, perfume, or disperse in vapor. 

FU-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing smoke. 

Fu'MI-GaTE, v. t. To smoke ; to expose to smoke 
or gas ; Jo purify. 

FU-MI-Ga'TION, n. Diffusion of smoke or vapors 
in healing or cleansing; a kind of calcination 
when metallic bodies are corroded or softened by 
fume made for that end. 

FD'MI-GA-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of 
^leansing by smoke. 

FuM'Y, a. Producing fume ; full of vapor. 

FuN, n. Low, vulgar sport. 

FU-NAM'BU-LIST, n. A rope-walker or dancer. 

FUNCTION (funk'shun), n. Literally, the doing 
of a thing ; office ; employment ; charge. 

FuN€'TI()N-AL, a. Pertaining to functions. 

FuNO'TION-AL-LY, ad. By means of functions. 

FuNO'TION-A-RY, n. One who holds an office. 

FuND, n. Literally, a foundation, something re- 
liable or permanent ; hence, stock or capital ; am- 
ple store or resources; a sum of money; a per- 
manent stock or debt for which the interest is 
provided. Sinking fund, a fund set apart for 
paying or sinking a debt. 

FuND, v. t. To create a permanent stock for which 
the interest is provided, as to fund a national 
debt; to place money in a fund. 

FuN'DA-MENT, n. The seat, or lower part. 

FUN-DA-MeNT'AL, a. Pertaining to the found- 
ation ; necessary for support. [rily. 

FUN-DA-MeNT'AL-LY, ad. Primarily ; necessa- 

FuND'ED, a. Supplied with funds for regular 
payment of interest of, as funded debt. 

FOND'ING S?S'TEM,n. A scheme of finance for 
paying the interest annually on a public debt. 

FuNDS, n. pi. Funded debts ; money for supplies. 

FU-NE'BRI-AL, a. Pertaining to funerals. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, b, &c, short. — caee, fab, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maeine, bied; move, 



FUN 



177 



GAE 



Ftf'NER-AL, n. A burial ; procession at a burial. 
Fu'NER-AL, a. Pertaining to interments; used 

at the interment of the dead. 
FU-NE'RE-AL, a. Suiting a funeral; mournful. 
FnN G 'GOID, a. Like a fungus or mushroom. 
FUN G -GoS'I-TY (f iing-gos'-), n. Soft excrescence. 
FuN G 'GOUS (fiing'gus), a. Like a mushroom ; ex- 
orescent. 
FuN G 'GUS (fiing'gus), n. ; pi. Fun'gi. A mush- 
room ; an order of plants proud flesh, or soft 

cancer of morbid growth. 
FC'NI-€LE (fu'ne-kl), n. A small cord or ligature. 
FuN'NEL, n. Passage for a fluid or for smoke; a 

tunnel for pouring fluids in bottles, &c. 
FuN'NY, a. Droll; comical; sportive. 
FOE, n. Fine soft hair; skins; coat of morbid 

matter on the tongue, &c. ; a hard coating ou the 

interior of tea-kettles, &c. 
FDR, v. t. To line or cover with fur ; to cover with 

morbid matter, &c. ; to line with a board ; a. per- 

taining to or made of fur. 
FCR'BE-LoW (fur'be-lo), n. Fringe or puckered 

stuff on the border of a garment. 
FuR'BE-LoW, v. t. To adorn with furbelow. 
FuR'BISH, v. t. To polish; to clean; to make 

bright; to burnish. 
FCR'BISH-ER, n. One who furbishes. 
FuR'€ATE, \a. Forked; branching like the 
FuR'€a-TED,J tines of a fork. 
FUR-€a'TION, n. A branching like a fork. 
FUR-FU-Ra'CEOUS (-ri'shus), a. Scaly; like 

jcurf or bran. 
Fu'RI-OUS, a. Rushing violently; transported 

with passion; filled with frenzy; outrageous by 

insanity. — Syn. Vehement ; boisterous ; impetu- 
ous; raging; fierce; angry; mad; frantic. 
Fu'RI-OUS-LY, ad. With great vehemence; 

madly. 
FO'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Impetuous motion; great 

violence; madness. 
FuRL, v. t. To draw up ; to fold and fasten to a 

yard, &c. [rods. 

FuR'LONG, n. The eighth part of a mile; forty 
FuR'LoUGH (fiir'lo), n. Leave of absence from 

military service. 
FuR'LoUGH, v. t. To grant a furlough. 
FuR'NACE, n. A place for melting metals, or for 

heating water; an apparatus for burning fuel to 

heat rooms, &c. ; in Scripture, severe afflictions 

by which men are tried. 
FuR'NISH, v. t. To supply ; to provide ; to fit out 

or fit up. [fits up. 

FuR'NISH-ER, n. One who supplies, fits out, or 
FtiR'NI-TuRE, n. Goods; vessels; utensils, &c, 

for house-keeping ; equipage ; decorations. 
FuR'RI-ER, n. A dealer in furs, muffs, &c. 
FOR'RING, n. The nailing of thin strips of board 

to level a surface, &c. ; a lining of fur or of 

boards. 
FfiR'RoW, n. A trench made in the earth by a 

plow; a long, narrow trench or channel in wood 

or metal ; a groove; a hollow made by wrinkles 

in the face. [plow ; to wrinkle. 

FuR'RoW, v. t. To trench; to cut furrows; to 
FijR'RY, a. Covered with or made of fur. 
FuR'THER, a. More distant; additional; ad. at 

a greater distance ; moreover. [ward. 

FuR'THER, v. t. To assist; to promote; to for- 
FuR'THER-ANCE, n. Advancement; promotion; 

support; aid. 
FuR'THER-ER, n. A helper; promoter; advancer. 
FuR'THER-MoRE, ad. Yet further; moreover. 
FuR'THER-MoST, a. The most distant ; extreme. 
FfjR'THEST, a. Most distant in time or place; 

ad. at the greatest distance. 
FfjR'TIVE, a. Secret ; gotten by stealth or by theft. 
Fu'RUN-€LE (fii'runk-kl), n. A small inflamed 

_tnmor. 
Fu'RY, n. A violent rushing ; rage ; madness ; 

enthusiasm ; heat of mind ; in mythology, a 



deity of vengeance; hence, a violent, raging 
woman. 

FuRZE, n. A prickly shrub ; gorse. 

EuRZ'Y, a. Overgrown with furze. 

EuS'€OUS, a. Blackish-brown ; of a dark color. 

FuSE (fuze), v. t. To melt; to liquefy by heat; 
to render fluid ; v. i. to be melted ; to be reduced 
from a solid to a liquid state. 

FU-SEE', n. A firelock ; pipe filled with combusti- 
bles, used for bombs, grenades, &c. ; cone of a 
watch or clock round which is wound the chain 
or cord ; track of a buck. 

FU-SI-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of being fusible. 

Fo'SI-BLE, a. That may be melted. 

Fu'SI-FORM, a. Shaped like a spindle. 

Fu'S5IL, a. Capable of being melted. 

Fu'*IL, n. A light musket or firelock. 

Fu-«IL-EER', n. A soldier armed with a fusil, or 
distinguished by wearing a cap like a grenadier's. 

Fu'SION (fu'zhun), n. The act or process of con- 
verting a solid into a liquid by heat; union, as 
of parties, &c. 

FC'SS, n. A bustle in small matters. 

FuSS, v. i. To make a bustle in small matters. 

FuSS'Y, a. Bustling in small matters. 

FuST, n. The shaft of a column; a strong musty 
smell. 

FuS'TIAN (fiist'yan), n. A cotton stuff; swelling 
style; a. made of fustian ; high-swelling; bom- 
bastic. 

FuS'TIG, n. A West India wood used in dyeing 
yellow. _ [stick. 

FCS'TI-GaTE, v. t. To cudgel ; to beat with a 

FUS-TI-Ga'TION, n. A beating with a club or 
stick. 

FOST'I-NESS, n. A fusty state ; moldiness. 

EOST'Y, a. Moldy; rank, ill-smelling. 

Fu'TiLE (fu'til), a. Trifling; worthless; useless. 

FU-TiL'I-TY, n. Want of weight or effect ; tri- 
flingness. 

FfiT'TOCKS, n. pi. The middle timbers, or parts 
between the upper and lower in the sides of a 
ship. 

Fu'TuRE (fut'ynr), a. That is to come or be here- 
after ; n. time to come. 

FU-Tu'RI-TY, n. Time to come ; future state. 

FuZZ, v. i. To fly off in small particles ; n. fine 
volatile particles. 

FuZ'ZLE, v. t. To intoxicate. 

FY, ex. Expressing dislike or abhorrence. 



G. 



C\ the seventh letter, has, first, a simple hard or 

^^5 close sound, as in good, which it usually re- 
tains before a, o, and w. Secondly, it has a com- 
pound or soft sound, like dzh, as in gem, which is 
commonly found before e, i, and y; in music, G 
mai'ks the treble clef. 

GAB, n. The mouth ; v. i. to prate. 

GAB-AR-D1'NE' (gab-ar-deen'), n. A coarse frock 
or loose upper garment ; a mean dress. 

GaB'BLE, v. i. To prate ; to talk fast or foolish- 
ly ; to utter inarticulate sounds, as fowls. 

GAB'BLE, n. Loud or rapid talking ; inarticulate 
sound of fowls. 

GaB'BLER, n. A prater; one who gabbles. 

Ga'BI-ON, n. A large cylindric wicker basket 
filled with earth in fortification. 

Ga'BLE, n. The triangular or sloping end of a 
house, &c, usually called the gable-end. 

GAD, n. A wedge ; a graver ; a punch. 

GaD, v. i. To ramble; to walk about. 

GaD'A-BOUT, n. One who walks much abroad 
without business. 

GaD'DER, n. One who walks the streets often. 

GAD'FLy, n. A fly that stings cattle. 

GaE'LIC (ga'lik), a. Noting what belongs to the 



dove, wolf, book; eule, eule; vi cious.- 



as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en: 

M 



su ; this. * Not English. 



GAP 



178 



GAM 



Gaels, Celtic tribes in the north of Scotland ; n. 
the Gaelic language. 

GAFF, n. A hook ; a harpoon ; a small boom. 

GAF'FER, n. Old sir, once a term of respect. 

GAF'FLE (gaf'fl), n. An artificial spur for cocks. 

GAG, v. t. To stop the mouth. 

GAG, n. Something to stop the mouth to hinder 
speaking. 

GagE, n. A pledge or pawn ; rule of measuring ; 
number of feet a ship sinks ; the position of one 
vessel to another, as weather-g&ge, wind-gage, 
&c. ; a challenge to combat. 

GagE, v. t. To pledge; to measure, as a cask. 

Gag'ER, n. One who measures casks, &c. 

GaI'E-TY, n. See Gayety. 

GaI'LY. See Gayly. 

GaIN, n. Profit; benefit; a beveling shoulder; 
lapping of timbers, or cut for receiving a timber. 

GAIN, v. t. Literally, to get by reaching after, as 
to gain wealth, reputation, &c. ; hence, to reach 
or attain, as to gain the summit ; v. i. to get for- 
ward; to advance. — Syn. To win. — Gain implies 
only that we get something by exertion ; win 
that we do it in competition with others. A per- 
son gains knowledge or gains a prize simply by 
striving for it ; he wins a victory or wins a prize 
by taking it from others in a struggle between 
them. 

GaIN'ER, n. One who obtains advantage. 

GaIN'FUL, a. Producing profit or advantage; 
adding" to wealth; advancing interest. — Syn. 
Profitable; lucrative; advantageous; beneficial; 
productive. 

GaIN'FUL-LY, ad. Profitably; with gain. 

GaIN'INGS, n. pi. The acquisitions of labor. 

GaIN'LE^S, a. Unprofitable; without gain. 

GaIN'LESS-NESS l ™. Unprofitableness. 

GaIN-SaY' or GaIN'SaY, v. t. [pret. and pp. 
Gainsayed.] To deny; to contradict. 

GaIN-SaY'ER, n. One who denies or disputes. 

GaIN-SaY'ING, n. Contradiction; denial. 

'GaINST. See Against. 

GaIR'ISH (4), a. Gaudy; showy; very fine. 

GaIR'ISH-NESS, n. Gaudiness; extravagant joy. 

GaIT, n. Manner of walking; step. 

GaIT'ER, n. ; pi. GIit'ees. A covering of cloth 
for the leg ; a kind of shoe or half boot. 

Ga'LA, n. Pomp ; show ; festivity. 

GAL-AC-ToM'E-TER, n. An instrument for as- 
certaining the quality of milk ; a lactometer. 

Ga'LA-DaY, n. A festival-day. 

GAL'AX-Y, n. The milky way ; brilliant assembly. 

GaLE, n. A breeze ; a strong wind. 

Ga'LE-a-TED, a. Covered with a helmet; hav- 
ing a flower like a helmet. [lead. 

GA-Le'NA, n. Sulphuret of lead ; common ore of 

GAL-I-Le'AN, n. A native of Galilee. 

GAL'I-OT, n. A little galley or brig. 

GAL'I-POT, n. A white resin or juice of the pine. 

GALL (gawl), n. Bile ; rancor ; bitterness ; a hard, 
round excrescence on a species of oak-tree. 

GALL, v. t. To hurt the skin ; to fret ; to vex. 

GAL-LANT', n. A wooer ; a lover ; an attendant ; 
in an ill sense, a seducer ; v. t. to attend or wait 
on a lady. 

GAL'LANT, a. High-spirited ; daring and adven- 
turous in fight. — Syn. Courageous ; brave. — 
Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit 
(cor) which rises above fear; brave is more out- 
ward, marking a spirit which braves or defies 
danger ; gallant rises still higher, denoting brav- 
ery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of ad- 
venture. A courageous man is ready for battle ; 
a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into 
the midst of the conflict. [dies ; gay ; fine. 

GAL-LANT', a. Civil ; polite ; attentive to la- 

GaL'Lx\NT-LY, ad. Bravely ; generously. 

GAL-LaNT'LY, ad. Like a wooer. 

GAL'LANT-NESS, n. Elegance of accomplish- 
ment or of acquired qualification. 



GAL'LANT-RY, n. Bravery ; generosity ; civili- 
ty ; lewdness. 

GALL'-BLaD-DER, n. A small membraneous sack 
which receives the bile from the liver. 

GAL'LE-ON, n. A large Spanish ship with three 
or four decks. 

GAL'LER-Y, n. A covered walk ; a floor elevated 
on columns, as in a church, &c. ; a collection of 
paintings, statues, &c. ; a balcony projecting 
from the stern or quarter of a vessel. 

GAL'LEY (gal'ly), n. ; pi. Gal'leys. A low, flat- 
built vessel. 

GaL'LEY, n. In printing, a frame to receive 
types from the composing-stick. 

GaL'LEY-SLaVE, n. One condemned for a crime 
to work at the oar on board a galley. 

GALL'-FLy, n. The insect that punctures plants 
and causes the galls. 

GaL'LIARD (gal'yard), n. A brisk, gay man. 

GAL'LIC, a. Pertaining to Gaul, now France; 
belonging to galls or oak-apples. [nuts. 

GaL'LIC ACID, n. An acid obtained from gall- 

GaL'LIC-AN, a. Pertaining to France, [guage. 

GAL'LI-CISM, n. An idiom of the French lan- 

GAL-LI-GaS'KIN$, n. pi. Large open hose. 

GAL-LI-Na'CEOUS (-shus), a. Designating fowls 
of that order to which domestic fowls belong. 

GAL'LI-NIP-PP^R, n. A large musquito. 

GaL'LI-POT, n. A pot painted and glazed. 

GALL'-NuT, n. An excrescence on oak and oth- 
er trees, used for dyeing and ink. 

GAL'LON, n. A fluid measure of four quarts. 

GAL-LOON', n. A kind of close lace. 

GAL'LOP, v. i. To move fast, as a horse, by 
springs or leaps. 

GaL'LOP, n. A swift movement, as of a horse, 
both fore feet and hind feet striking the ground 
at once. 

GaL'LO-WaY, n. A horse of a small species, 
first bred in Galloway, Scotland. 

GaL'LOWS (gal'lus), n. ; pi. Gal'low-ses. A 
gibbet ; a pair of pantaloon suspenders. 

GALL'-SToNE, n. A concretion formed in the 
gall-bladder. 

GAL'LY. See Galley. 

GAL-VAN'IC, a. Pertaining to galvanism. 

GaL'VAN-ISM, n. A branch of electricity, in 
which chemical action is produced by connecting 
dissimilar metals through the agency, chiefly, of 
some oxydating fluid in which they are immersed. 

GAL'VAN-IST, n. One versed in galvanism. 

GAL'VAN-lZE, v. t. To affect with galvanism ; to 
coat with metal by galvanism. 

GAL'VAN-iZSD-l-RON, n. Iron tinned by a pe- 
culiar process, so as to render it less liable to ox- 
ydation. 

GAL-VAN-oM'E-TER,? n. An instrument for 

GAL-VaN'O-SCoPE, j measuring the pressure 
of galvanism in a minute quantity. [money. 

GaM'BLE (gam'bl), v. i. To game or play for 

GAM'BLER, n. One that gambles. 

GaM'BLING, n. The act or practice of gaming 
for money ; a. relating to playing for money. 

GAM-BogE', n. A gum-resin, used as a pigment, 
also as a medicine. 

GAM'BOL, n. A skipping and leaping. 

GAM'BOL, v. i. To leap and skip, or frolic. 

GaM'BREL, n. The hind leg of a horse ; a stick, 
crooked like a horse's leg, used by butchers. 

GaME, n. In antiquity, games were public diver- 
sions ; play ; sport ; animals hunted. [ing. 

GaME, v. i. To play ; to sport ; to practice gam- 

GaME'-GoCK, n. A cock bred for fighting. 

GaME'-LeG, n. A lame leg. [icsome. 

GaME'SOME (game'sum), a. Gay; sportive ; frol- 

GaME'STER, n. One addicted to gaming. 

GaM'ING, n. The act, art, or practice of playing 
at games for a victory or for money. 

GaM'ING-HOUSE, n. A house where gaming 
is practiced. 



a, 2, &c, long. — I, S, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, bird; move, 



GAM 



179 



GAU 



GaM'ING-Ta-BLE, ii. A table for gaming. 
GAM'MER, n. Compellation of an old woman, 

answering to gaffer, an old man. 
GAM'MON, n. The buttocks or thigh of a hog 

pickled and smoked ; imposition by improbable 

stories. 
GaM'MON, v. t. To pickle and smoke ; to make 

bacon ; to fasten a bowsprit to the stem of a ship ; 

completely to defeat at backgammon; to impose 

upon by improbable stories. 
GAM'UT, n. A scale of notes in music. [kind. 
GAN'DER, n. The male of fowls of the goose 
GANG, v. i. To go ; to walk. \_Local.~) 
GANG, n. A company; a crew; substance con- 
taining ore. 
GANG'-BoARD, n. A board or plank with cleats 

or steps for walking out of a ship or boat, &c. 
GAN G 'GLI-ON (gang'gli-on), n. A small or mov- 
able tumor. 
GAN G -GLI-6N'I€, a. An epithet given to nerves 

which exhibits ganglions. 
GAN g 'GReNE (gang'grene), n. Mortification of 

flesh, or_of some part of a living qnimal body. 
GAN g 'GReNE, v. i. To mortify ; to become mor- 
tified, [putrefied. 
GAN G 'GRE-NOUS (gang'gre-nus), a. Mortified; 
GANGUE (gang), n. The mineral substance which 

incloses _or is associated with metallic ore. 
GaNG'WaY, n. A passage; a platform in ships. 
GAN'NET, n. The booby or solan goose, allied to 

the pelican family. 
GANT'LET, \n. A military punishment, in which 
GaNT'LoPE, f the criminal receives a blow from 

each one_as he runs between two files of men. 
GAN'Y-MeDE, ii. Jupiter's cup-bearer, noted for 

beauty ; hence, cup-bearer. 
6aOL (jale), n. A place of confinement. See Jail. 
OAOL'-DE-LiV'ER-Y, n. A judicial process for 

clearing jails of criminals by ordering them for 

trial. 
GaOL'ER (jal'er), n. A jailer, which see. 
GAP, n. A breach; opening; chasm. 
GXPE, v. i. To open the mouth wide; to yawn; 

to gaze at with Aronder. See Gaze. 
GaPE, n. ' An opening of the mouth wide. 
GXRB, n. Clothes ; dress ; appearance. 
GXRB'AgE, n. Offals of animals ; entrails. 
GXR'BLE, v. H. To pick out; to give imperfectly, 

as to garble a quotation. 
GXR'BLE S (gar'blz), n. pi. The dust, soil, or filth 

severed from goods, spices, drugs, &c. 
GXR'Di?N (gar'dn), n. A place for the cultivation 

of plants for the kitchen, fruits, flowers ; a rich, 

cultivated spot or tract of country. 
GXR'Di?N, v. i^ To cultivate a garden. 
GXR'D^N-ER (gar'dn-er), n. One who makes or 

tills a garden. 
GXR'DjEN-ING (gar'dn-ing), n. The tilling or 

cultivating of a garden. 
GXR'GET, n. A swelling in the throat of cattle. 
GXR'GLE (gar'gl), n. A liquid preparation for the 

mouth. [with a liquid preparation. 

GXR'GLE, v. t. To wash the mouth and throat 
GXR'GOYLE, n. A projecting water-spout in old 

houses, grotesquely carved. 
GAR'ISH, a. Gaudy ; splendid. See Gaiktsh. 
GXR'LAND, n. A wreath of flowers ; a chaplet ; 

v. t. to deck with a garland. [bulbous root. 

GXR'LIC, n. A plant of a strong smell, having a 
GXR'MENT, n. An article of clothing ; dress. 
GXR'NER, n. A granary; place for depositing 
GXR'NER, v. t. To store up grain. [grain. 

GXR'NET, n. A mineral and gem, usually red. 
GXR'NISH, n. Ornament or decoration; a dish 

to set off others at dinner ; something laid round 

a dish for ornament. 
GXR'NISH, v. t. To adorn ; to decorate ; to set off. 
GXR-NISH-EE', n. One in whose hands property 

of an absconding debtor is attached. Dishes. 

GXR'NISH-ER, n. One who decorates or embel- 



GXR'NISH-MENT, n. Ornament; decoration; a 
warning to a party to appear in court, &c. ; a 
fee. [niture, dress, &c. 

GXR'NI-TuRE, n. Ornamental appendages; fur- 

GAR'RET, n. The upper room of a house imme- 
diately under the roof. 

GAR-RET-EER', n. One who lives in a garret. 

GaR'RI-SON (gar're-sn), n. A body of troops in a 
fort; a fortress furnished with tivops for defense. 

GAR'RI-SON, v. t. To secure by a fort and sol- 
diers, [an iron collar screwed tight. 

GAR-RoTE', n. Punishment by strangling with 

GAR-RC'LI-TY (31), n. Loquacity ; talkativeness. 

GAR'RLT-LOUS, a. Disposed to talk much or 
prate. — Syn. Talkative; loquacious. — A garru- 
lous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with 
frequent repetitions and lengthened details ; talk- 
ative implies simply a great desire to talk, aud 
loquacious a great flow of words at command. 
A child is talkative; a lively woman is loqua- 
cious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous. 

GXR'TER, n. A band to fasten a stocking; an 
order of knighthood in England. 

GXR'TER, v. t. To fasten with a garter ; to invest 
with the order of the garter. [fluid. 

GAS (gass),_w. ; pi. Gas'es. An aeriform, elastic 

GAS-€ON-aDE', ii. A boasting; bragging; bra- 
vado ; v. i. to boast ; to bluster ; to brag. 

GAS'E-OUS (gaz'e-us), a. Being in the form of 
gas ; aeriform. [flesh. 

GASH, n. A deep and long cut or incision in the 

GASH, v. t. _ To make a long incision ; to cut. 

GAS-I-FI-€a'TION, 11. The act or process of con- 
verting into gas. 

GAS'I-Fv, v. t. To convert into an aeriform fluid 
by combining with caloric. 

GAS'KET, n. A plaited cord to fasten a sail. 

GAS'KINS, n. pi. Wide, open hose. 

GAS'LiGHT, n. Light produced by burning gas. 

GAS'-Me-TER, n. A machine attached to gas- 
works and pipes to show the quantity used. 

GAS-oM'E-TER (gaz-om'e-ter), 11. In chemistry, 
a reservoir for collecting, mixing, or preparing 
gas. 

GAS-oM'E-TRY, n. Art of measuring gases. 

GASP (6), v. i. To open the mouth wide in catch- 
ing breath ; to long for ; v. t. to emit breath by 
opening the mouth Avide. 

GASP, n. An opening of the mouth to catch 
breath ; the short catch of breath in a person dy- 
ing. 

GAS'TRI€, a. Belonging to the stomach. 

GAS-TRiL'O-QUIST, n. One who speaks as from 
his belly ; a ventriloquist. 

GAS-TRiL'O-QUY, n. A speaking that appears to 
proceed from the belly; ventriloquism. 

GAS-TRi'TIS, n. Chronic inflammation of the 
stomach. 

GAS-TR5L'0-6Y, n. A treatise on the stomach. 

GAS-TRoN'O-MER, \ n. One who likes good liv- 

GAS-TR5N'0-MIST,f ing; an epicure. 

GAS-TRO-N6M'I€, a. Pertaining to gastronomy. 

GAS-TRoN'O-MY, n. The art or science of good 
eating. 

GaTE, ii. Something movable used for closing an 
entrance, as the gate of an entrance, a water- 
course, &c. [drawing. 

GATH'ER, n. A plait or fold in cloth made by 

GATH'ER, v. t. To bring together ; to contract ; 
to crop ; to collect ; to pick ; to deduce ; v. i. to 
collect together. 

GATH'ER-ING, n. A collection ; a tumor. 

GAT H'ERS, n. pi. Plaits ; folds ; puckers. 

GAUD, n. An ornament for the person. 

GAUD'I-LY, ad. With much show; gayly. 

GAUD'I-NESS, n. Showiness ; ostentatious finery. 

GAED'Y, a. Showy; ostentatiously fine. 

GaUgE (gaje), v. t. To measure the contents of a 
cask ; to measure in respect to proportion. See 
Gage. 



dove, wole, book ; HOLE, btjll ; vi"cious. — € as K ; G as j ; s as z ; en as sh ; this. * Not English. 



GAU 



180 



GEN 



GaUgE, to. A gage ; a rod for measuring. 

GaUgE'-CoCKS, n. pi. Cocks attached to steam- 
boilers to show the height of -water. 

GaUg'ER (giVjer), to. A man whose business is to 
measure casks. 

GaTJg'ING (ga'jing), to. The art of measuring 
the contents of casks, &c. 

GaUg'ING-R6D, to. An instrument for measur- 
ing the contents of casks, &c. 

GaUNT (giint), a. Empty; lean; thin; slender; 
meager, as an animal after long fasting. 

GaUNT'LET, to. An iron glove for defense. 

GAUZE, to. A very thin transparent silk or linen. 

GAUZ'Y, a. Like gauze; thin as gauze. 

GAVEL, to. A small parcel of grain laid together 
in reaping ; the mallet of a chairman. 

GaV'EL-KiXD, n. A tenure in England by which 
land descended from a father to his sons equally. 

GAWK, n. A cuckoo ; a simpleton. 

GAWK'Y, a. Foolish ; awkward ; clumsy ; to. a 
stupid, awkward fellow. 

GaY, a. In high spirits ; sportive ; showy. — Syn. 
Lively; frolicsome; gleeful; blithe. 

GaY'E-TY, to. High animal spirits ; merriment ; 
airiness ; show. See Cheerfulness. 

GaY'LY, ad. Finely ; merrily ; splendidly. 

GaY'NESS, to. Fineness; show; splendidness. 

GaZE, v. t. To look with fixed attention ; v. i. to 
look steadily. — Syn. To gape; stare. — To gaze is 
to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awak- 
ened by excited interest or elevated emotion ; to 
gape is to look fixedly with feelings of ignorant 
wonder; to stare (Literally, strain the eyes) is to 
look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. 
The lover of nature gazes with delight on the 
beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with 
wonder at the strange sights of a large city ; the 
idiot stares on those around with a vacant look. 

GaZE, n. A fixed or eager look ; a look of eager- 
ness, admiration, or curiosity ; the object so 
looked at. 

GaZE'FUL, a. Looking intently ; given to gtzing. 

GA-ZfiL',' \ to. A beautiful graceful animal par- 

GA-ZeLLE',j* taking of the nature of the goat 
and the deer. 

GaZ'ER, to. One who looks with fixed attention. 

GA-ZeTTE' (ga-z5t'), to. Anewspaper ; v. t. to an- 
nounce or publish in a gazette. 

GAZ-ET-TEER', to. A dictionary of geography ; 
a title of a newspaper ; a writer for a gazette. 

GaZ'ING-SToCK, to. One gazed at in scom. 

GEAR, to. Apparatus ; harness ; tackle ; v. t. to 
harness ; to dress ; to apply tackle. 

C ^ER l n ' ^ *°°t ne( i cog-wheel in machinery. 



GEAR 
GEER 

harness. 



JAR'ING,? to. A combination of wheels in ma- 
SER'ING,]" chinery for transmitting motion ; 



GEE, I A word used by teamsters, directing their 
J EE, j teams to turn to the right ; opposed to haiv. 
GE-HeN'NA (g hard), to. Valley of Hinnom, used 

by the Jews for hell. 
geL'A-BLE (j51'a-bl), a. That may be congealed 

or converted into jelly. [stance. 

GEL'A-TIN (jeTa-tin), to. Concrete animal sub- 
gE-LaT'I-NaTE, v. t. To form jelly. 
GEL'A-TiNE, > a. Of the nature of gelatin ; 
GE-LA.T'I-NOUS,j viscous. 
GeLD, v. t. To deprive of an essential part ; to 

castrate. 
GeLD'ING, to. A castrated horse. 
GEL'ID (jel'id), a. Cold or very cold ; icy. 
GEL'LY (jel'ly), to. The inspissated juice of fruit 

boiled with sugar; a gluey substance; jelly. 
GeM (jem), n. A bud; a precious stone. 
GEM, v. t. To adorn with jewels; to embellish 

withdetached beauties ; v. i. to bud ; to germinate. 
GE-Ma'RA, to. The second part of the Talmud ; 

the Commentary on the Mishna. 
gEM-I-Na'TION, to. A doubling; duplication. 



geM'I-NI (j5m'e-nD, n. pi. Twins; a sign in the 
zodiac. 

GfiM'MA-RY, a. Pertaining to gems. 

GEM'MATE, a. Having buds. 

gEM-Ma'TION, to. Form of budding in plants. 

GEM'ME-OUS, a. Pertaining to gems ; of the 
nature of gems; like gems. 

GEM-MiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing buds. 

GEM'MY, a. Full of gems; neat; spruce; smart. 

+GEN D'XRM (zhiin diirm), to. ; pi. gens D'armes 
(zhiin diirm), [Fr.] In France, one of a com- 
pany of guards or select troops employed by the 
police to watch over the interior public safety. 

GEN'DER, to. Sex ; difference of words to express 
sex ; v. t. to beget ; to procreate ; to produce. 

gEN-E-A-Log'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to genealogy. 

6EN-E-aL'0-gIST, to. One skilled in genealogy. 

GEN-E-aL'O-gIZE, v. i. To relate genealogies or 
the histories of descent. 

gEN-E-aL'O-gY, to. History of descents; line- 
age; pedigree; enumeration of ancestors. 

GfiN'ER-AL, a. Literally, relating to a genus or 
kind ; hence, comprehending large numbers or 
a large proportion ; extensive. — Syn. Common ; 
universal. — Common denotes that a thing is very 
often met with ; general is stronger, denoting that 
it pertains to a majority of the individuals which 
compose a genus or whole ; universal, that it per- 
tains to ail without exception. To be able to 
read and write is so common an attainment in 
this country that we may pronounce it general, 
though by no means universal. 

GEN'ER-AL, to. The commander of an army ; the 
whole ; in general, in the main. [army. 

GEN-ER-AL-iS'SI-MO, to. Chief officer of an 

gEN-ER-aLT-TYJ n. State of being general ; 

GEN'ER-AL-TY, j* main body; bulk; the whole. 

gEN-ER-AL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of making 
general, or of reducing particulars to generals, &c. 

GEN'ER-AL-tZE, v. t. To render general ; to re- 
duce to a genus. 

GEN'ER-AL-LY, ad. In general ; commonly. 

GEN'ER-AL-NESS, to. Wide extent; common- 
ness ; frequency. 

GEN'ER-AL-SHIP, to. The skill or office of a 
general ; military skill. 

GEN'ER-ANT, to. The power or principle that 
generates or produces; in geometry, a line, sur- 
face, or solid generated or supposed to be so by 
the motion of a point, line, or surface. 

geN'ER-aTE, v. t. To produce ; to procreate. 

gEN-ER-a'TION, to. The act of begetting; pro- 
duction ; a single succession in natural descent ; 
the people of the same period ; genealogy ; a 
family ; a race : in jj/ir/«s?'o?o^, the collective 
name of all the vital operations producing an 
organized being. 

GEN'ER-A-TiVE, a. Able to produce. 

GEN'ER-a-TOR, to. One who begets or produces ; 
principal sound in music ; a vessel in which 
steam is produced. 

6E-NeR'IC, \ a. Pertaining to or compre- 

gE-NeR'I€-AL,j hending a genus. 

gE-NeR'I€-AL-LY, ad. With regard to genus. 

GEN-ER-oS'I-TY, to. Liberality of soul ; liberal- 
ity in act ; nobleness of soul. — Syn. Benevolence ; 
bounty; principle; magnanimity. 

GEN'ER-OUS, a. Free to give; with an open 
heart, &c. ; high spirit ; disposed to do honora- 
bly. — Syn. Liberal; bounteous; bountiful; mu- 
nificent ; frank ; candid ; full ; courageous ; free. 

GEN'ER-OUS-LY, ad. With liberality; freely. 

GEN'ER-OUS-NESS, to. The quality of being gen- 
erous ; liberality in bestowing. 

GEN'E-SIS, to. The first book of the sacred Scrip- 
tures ; the formation of any thing, as of a line, 
&c, by the motion of a point, &c. 

GEN'ET (jen'et), to. A small horse; an animal of 
the weasel kind ; also applied to catskins when 
used for muffs, &c. 



a, fi, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, east, fall, what; th£re, term; marine, bird; move, 



GEN 



181 



GES 



GE-XeT'TC, a. Relating to origin. 

GE-Ne'VA, n. Gin, a spirit distilled from grain, 
and flavored by the juniper berry {Fr. genievre). 

GE'XI-AL, a. Contributing to production; gay; 
merry; enlivening. 

GE'XI-AL-LY, ad. With life: gayly; cheerfully. 

GE-XI€-u-La'TIOX, n. Knottiness; the having 
knots or joints like a knee. 

geX'I-TAL, a. Pertaining to generation or the 
act of begetting. [tion. 

GEN'I-TALS, n. pi. Parts belonging to genera- 

GEN'I-TIVE, a. Noting the second case of nouns. 

geN'I-TOR, n. One who procreates; a father. 

ge'XT-US, n. ; pi. ge'ni-T. Among the ancients., a 
good or evil spirit or demon supposed to preside 
jpver a man's destiny in life. 

GEX'IUS, n. ; pi. gen'ius-es. Extraordinary 
mental power leading to new and original trains 
of thought ; a strong natural bent for some em- 
ployment ; a man of genius. — Syn. Talent. — 
Genius (lit, born with us) implies high and pe- 
culiar gifts of nature impelling the mind to cer- 
tain favorite kinds of mental effort, and produc- 
ing new combinations of ideas, imagery, &c. 
Talent supposes general strength of intellect, with 
a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed 
to specific employments, and valuable ends and 
purposes. Hence the name, talent, the highest 
measure among the Greeks, for the value of mon- 
ey. Genius is connected more or less with the ex- 
ercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a 
kind of intuitive power. Talent depends more 
on high mental training and a perfect command 
of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, 
&c. Hence we speak of a genius for poetry, 
painting, &c, and a talent for business or diplo- 
macy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham 
was distinguished for his genius; William Pitt 
for his pre-eminent talents, and especially his 
unrivaled talent for reply. 

6EX-TEEL', a. Well-bred ; polished in manners ; 
easy and graceful in behavior; free from any 
thing low or vulgar. — Syn. Polite; refiued; pol- 
ished; elegant; fashionable. 

GEX-TEEL'LY, ad. With polite manners. 

GEX-TEEL'XESS, n. Gracefulness of manners; 
elegance^ 

GeX'TIAX (jen'shan), n. A plant whose root, of 
a bitter taste, is used in stomachic bitters. 

GEX'TiLE, n. A heathen ; a pagan ; any person 
not a Jew or a Christian ; a. pertaining to hea- 
thens. 

GEX'TIL-I$M, n. Heathenism ; paganism. 

gEX-TIL'I-TY, n. Politeness or gracefulness of 
manners. 

geX'TLE, a. Originally, belonging to the better 

* born, of good family ; hence, of mild feelings ; 
not rough or coarse; not wild; soothing to the 
senses. — Syn. Tame; mild; meek. — Gentle de- 
scribes the natural disposition; tame, that which 
is subdued by training; mild implies a temper 
which is, by nature, not easily provoked ; meek, 
a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by 
discipline or suffering. Tne lamb is gentle; the 
domestic fowl is tame; John the Apostle was 
mild ; Moses was meek. 

GEX'TLE-FoLK (-foke), n. People of good breed- 
ing and family. 

GEN'TLE-MAX, n. A man of good breeding ; a 
term of complaisance ; pi. Gentlemen, a term of 
an address to an assembly. 

GEX'TLE-MAX-LIKE,) a. Becoming a gentle- 

GEN'TLE-MAN-LY, j man ; polite ; complai- 
sant. Cbred man. 

GEN'TLE-MAN-LI-NESS, n. Behavior of a well- 

GEX'TLE-XESS, n. Tameness; meekness; mild- 
ness; kindness; sweetness. 

6eX'TLE-WoM-AX, n. A woman of good fam- 
ily or polite manners. 

GEN'TLY, ad. Softly ; with care ; tenderly. 



gEX-TOO', n. A native of India or Hindostan. 

GEX'TRY, n. People of education and good breed- 
ing. The gentry, those next below the nobility. 

gE-XF-FLeC'TION, n. An act of religious 
kneeling. 

GEX'u-iXE (jeVyu-in), a. Free from adultera- 
tion; not spurious; true, real. — Syn. Pure; un- 
alloyed ; native. See Authentic. 

GEN'u-lNE-LY, ad. Really; truly; naturally. 

GEX'u-iXE-XESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing real, true, or pure. — Syn. Purity; reality. 

ge'XUS, n. ; pi. gen'er-a. In natural science, 
an assemblage of species with common charac- 
teristics. 

gE-O-CeX'TRIC, > a. Having the same cen- 

gE-0-C£X'TRI€-AL,| ter as the earth. 

GE'oDE, n. A rounded hollow nodule of stone 
lined inside with crystals. 

gE-oD'E-SY, n. In practical geometry, the art 
of measuring the earth. 

GE-oG'XO-SY, n. Science of the structure of the 
earth. 

GE-oG'O-XY, n. The science or doctrine of the 
formation of the earth. 

GE-oG'RA-PHER, n. One skilled in geography. 

gE-0-GRaPH'I€, \ a. Relating to geogra- 

GE-O-GRAPII'IC-AL.j" phy. [manner. 

gE-O-GRaPH'IC-AL-LY, ad. In a geographical 

gE-6G'RA-PHY, n. Description of the earth's 
surface, &c. ; a book containing a description of 
the earth. 

GE-0-Log'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to geology. 

GE-oL'O-GlST, n. One versed in geology. 

gE-oL'O-giZE, v. t. Tcstudy geology. 

gE-OL'O-gY, n. The science of the structure and 
jnaterials of the earth, their nature and causes. 

ge'O-MAX-CY, n. Divination by means of fig- 
ures and lines. 

GE-oM'E-TER, n. One skilled in geometry. 

GE-oM'E-TRAL, ) a. Pertaining to or accord- 

6E-0-MeT'RI€, y ing to the rules of geom- 

GE-0-M£T'RI€-AL,) etry. [etry. 

gE-O-MeT'RIC-AL-LY, ad. According to geom- 

GE-OU-E TRIXTAX (-trish'an), n. One versed in 
geometry. 

GE-oM'E-TRlZE, v. t. To perform geometrically. 

GE-oM'E-TRY, n. The science of quantity and 
mensuration. 

GEORGE', n. A figure of St. George on horse- 
back worn by the knights of the Garter. 

gEoR'gIC (jor'jik), n. A rural poem. 

gEOR'gIC, ) a. Relating to the doctrine of 

GE6R_'Gl€-AL,j agriculture. 

GE-Ra'NI-UM, n. A species of fragrant plants 
with beautiful flowers. 

GERM (13), n. A seed-bud ; first principle ; origin. 

GER'MAX, a. Cousins german are the sons or 
daughters of brothers or sisters; first cousins. 

gER-MaX'IC, a. Pertaining to Germany. 

geR'MAX-ISM, n. An idiom of the German lan- 
guage. 

GER'MAX SIL'YER, n. A mixed metal, composed 
of copper, zinc, and nickel, much used for vari- 
ous articles, as forks, spoons, &c. [a germ. 

GER'MEX, n.; vl. gee'mens. A sprouting seed; 

GER'MI-NAL, a. Pertaining to the germ or seed- 

geR'MI-XAXT, a. Sprouting. [bud. 

geR'MI-XaTE, v. i. or t. To bud ; to sprout ; to 
shoot forth. 

gEE-MI-Na'TION, n. The act of sprouting ; the 
time in which seeds vegetate. 

GER'UND, n. A kind of verbal noun in Latin. 

gES-Ta'TIOX, n. The act of carrying young in 
the womb from conception to delivery. 

GES'TIC, a. Pertaining to the dance ; relating to 
bodily motion, as in the dance. 

gES-TiC'C-LaTE, v. i. To use gestures or mo- 
tions ; v. t. to represent by gesture. 

gES-TI€-u-La'TIOX, n. Act of making gestures ; 
gesture ; antic tricks or motions. 



i>6ve, wolf, book ; etjle, bull ; vF'cious. — g as k ; dasj; s> as z ; ch as su ; this. * A'oi English. 



GES 



182 



GIV 



gES-Ti€'u-La-TOR, n. One that shows postures 
or makes gestures. 

GEST'uRE (jest'yur), n. Action or posture ex- 
pressing passion; motion of the arms, as in 
speaking. [action. 

GEST'uRE, v. t. To accompany with gesture or 

GET, v. t. ipret. Got (Gat) ; pp. Got, Gotten.] 
To gain ; to obtain ; to win ; to prevail ; to in- 
duce ; to learn ; to reach. 

GeT, v. i. To arrive at a place or state. 

GEWGAW (gQ'gaw), n. A showy trifle ; a bau- 
ble ; a "toy. 

GEy'SER (gy'ser), n. The name of certain fount- 
ains in Iceland which send forth boiling water. 

GHAST'FUL (gast'ful) (6), a. Dismal; frightful. 

GHAST'LI-NESS, n. A death-like look. 

GHAST'LY, a. Death-like ; very pale ; hideous ; 
frightful, as wounds, &c. 

GHAUT (gawt), n. In the East Indies, a pass 
through a mountain ; hence, a chain of mount- 
ains ; stairs descending to a river. 

GHEE, n. A kind of butter in India. 

GHeR'KIN, n. A pickled cucumber. 

GH5ST (gost), n. The soul of a deceased person ; 
apparition. 

GHoST'LY, a. Like a ghost ; pale ; spiritual. 

GHoLE'f n ' A demon that feeds on the dead - 

Gl'ANT, n. A man of extraordinary stature; a. 
like a giant ; unusually large or strong. 

Gl'ANT-ESS, n, A female giant. 

Gl'ANT-L! KE, ) a. Like a giant ; of extraordina- 

Gl'ANT-LY, j lysize; gigantic; huge. 

Gi'ANT-SIIIP, n. State or character of a giant. 

GIAOUR (jowr), n. In Turkey, an infidel, applied 
to Christians. 

GIB'BER, v. i. To speak inarticulately. 

GIB'BER-ISH, n. Rapid, inarticulate speech ; 
nonsense ; a. unmeaning, as words. 

GlB'BET (jlb'bet), n. A gallows to expose crim- 
inals; the projecting beam of a crane, on which 
is a pulley; v. t. to hang and expose on a gibbet. 

GIB-BoSE', a. Humped; a term applied to a sur- 
face which presents one or more large elevations. 

GIB-BoS'I-TY, \ n. Protuberance ; a round or 

GIB'BOUS-NESS,j swelling prominence ; con- 
vexity. 

GIB'BOUS, a. Swelling; protuberant; convex. 

GIB'CAT, n. An old cat or he cat. 

GIBE (jibe), v. i. or t. To assail with scornful 
censures. — Syn. To flout; scoff; jeer; taunt; 
mock at ; deride. 

GiBE, n. A brief expression of censure and con- 
tempt ; scornful sarcasm. — Syn. Jeer ; sneer ; 
taunt; scoff; reproach. 

GlB'LET, a. Made of giblets, as a pie. 

GlB'LETS (jib 'lets), n. pi. The neck, pinions, 
entrails, &c, of a fowl. 

GID'DI-LY, ad. With the head swimming ; heed- 
lessly. 

GiD'DI-NESS, n. A swimming of the head ; a 
disposition to change or flightiness. — Syn. Dizzi- 
ness; vertigo; inconstancy; levity; fickleness. 

GiD'DY, a. Literally, whirling; hence, afflicted 
with a whirl or swimming of the head ; tending 
to produce such swimming, as a giddy height ; 
wild with excitement ; unstable. — Syn. Fickle ; 
heedless ; volatile ; thoughtless. 

GiFT, n. Any thing granted gratuitously ; facul- 
ty. See Donation. 

GIFT, v. t. To endow with any faculty. 

GiFT'ED, a. Richly endowed by nature. 

GiG, n. Something that has lively motion ; a light 
two-wheeled carriage ; a top or whirligig ; a light 
boat; a lively, playful person; a harpoon. Gigs, 
rotary cylinders for teazling cloth. 

gi-GAN-Te'AN, a. Like a giant ; mighty. 

GI-GaN'TLG, a. Like a giant; huge; enormous. 

GIG'GLE, n. A laugh with short catches of 
breath. 



GIG'GLE, v. i. To laugh with short catches of 
breath ; to laugh in a silly way ; to titter. 

GIG'LET R 'l" n - A silly lau S ner ! a titterer. 

GlG'OT (jig'ot), n. LFV.] A term applied, in 
cookery, to a leg of mutton ; a hip joint; a. hav- 
ing a rounded shape like a leg of mutton, as gig- 
ot sleeves. 

GILD, v. t. ipret. and pp. Gilded or Gilt.] To 
overlay with gold ; to adorn ; to brighten ; to give 
a fair external appearance. 

GiLD'ER, n. One who gilds. [thus laid on. 

GILD'ING, n. An overlaying with gold ; the gold 

GiLL (jil), n. The fourth of a pint; a plant; 
ground-ivy ; a wanton girl. 

GiLL, n. The organ of respiration in fishes; a 
hanging flap under the beak of a fowl ; hanging 
flesh on the lower part of the cheeks. 

GiL'LY-FLOW'ER, n. Literally, July flower; 
name of several beautiful plants. 

GILT, pp. or a. from Gild. Overlaid with gold. 

GILT, n. Gold laid on the surface. 

GlM'BAL, n. A combination of rings for suspend- 
ing any thing freely, as a compass, &c. 

GlM'€RACK (jim-), n. A device; toy; trivial 
mechanism. 

GIM'LET, n. A small borer, but of different sizes. 

GIMP, n. Silk twist or lace ; edging. 

GIN, n. A distilled spirit flavored with juniper. 
[From the French name of the plant, gcnievre.] 
Used also, by contraction, for engine, and hence 
applied to various machines, especially to one for 
separating cotton from its seed ; applied also to 
a trap. 

GIN, v. t. To clean cotton of its seed Ayith a gin. 

gIN'gER, n. A plant and its root, having a warm, 
spicy taste. 

gIN'gER-BReAD, n. A cake made of flour, but- 
ter, and ginger, sweetened. 

gIN'gEE-BReAD-WoRK, n. Work cut and 
carved in various fanciful forms; work without 
solidity. 

GiN 'gER-LY, ad. Cautiously; neatly; nicely. 

GING'HAM, n. A cotton cloth thinner than cali- 
co, having the same colors on both sides, woven 
chiefly in stripes or plaids. 

GlN G 'GLE,? v. i. To make a sharp,, clattering 

JIN G 'GLE, j sound. [slightly bitter. 

GlN'SENG (jin'seng), n. A plant and its root, 

GlP'S?, n. ; pi. Gip'sies. A vagabond strolling 
and stealing, and pretending to tell fortunes; a 
reproachful name for one of a dark complexion. 

GlP'SY, a. Pertaining to or like the gipsies. 

Gl-RAFFE', n. An African quadruped whose fore 
legs are much longer than the hind ones ; a cam- 
elopard. _It is the tallest of animals. 

GlR'AN-DoLE (jir'an-dole), n. A large branched 
chandelier. 

GiRD (17), n. A blow; a taunt. 

GiRD, v. t. \_pret. and pp. Girded or Girt.] To 
bind ; to tie round; to press; to prepare; to gibe; 
v.i. to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter 
sarcasms. 

GiRD'ER, n. The chief timber in a floor. 

GiRD'ING, n. A covering. 

GiRD'LE, n. A band round the waist. 

GiRD'LE, v. t. To bind ; to cut a ring round a tree. 

GiRL (17), n. A female child ; a young woman. 

GiRL'HOOD, n. The state of a girl. 

GiRL'ISH, a. Like a girl; light; giddy. 

GiRL'ISH-NESS, n. Girlish manners ; giddiness. 

GiRT, X n. A band or strap for a saddle ; a cir- 

GIRTH,) cular bandage. 

GIRTH } V ' *" To bind ^^ a girth ' 

GIST (jist), n. The main point of a case; the 
turning point. 

GIVE, v. t. [pret. Gave; pp. Given.] The leading 
idea is to send forth, as '■'■give me your hand;" 
hence, to bestow freely or without recompense, 



&c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; tiieee, term; marine, died; move, 



GIV 



183 



GLI 



and from this branch forth numerous modifica- 
tions of the sense; v.i. to yield under pressure, 
as the ice gives. — Sto. To confer ; grant.— To (jive 
is generic. To confer was originally used of per- 
sons in power, who gave permanent grants or 
privileges, as to confer the order of knighthood ; 
and hence it still denotes the giving of something 
which might have been withheld, as to confer a 
favor. To grant is to give in answer to a petition 
or request, or to one who is in some way depend- 
ent or inferior. 

GiV'ER, n. One who gives ; a donor. 

6IVES, n. pi. Fetters. See Gyves. 

GiV'ING, n. The act of bestowing gratuitously. 

GIZ'ZARD, n. The musculous stomach of a fowl. 

GLa'BROUS, a. Smooth; having an even surface. 

GLa'CIAL (gla'shal), a. Pertaining to or like 
ice; icy. 

GLa'CIaTE, v. t To change into ice. 

GLA-CI-a'TION, n. Act of freezing ; ice formed. 

GLa'CIER (gla'seer or glas'se-er), n. A field of 
ice formed and continuing in valleys or high 
mountains. 

GLa^CIOUS (gla'shus), a. Like ice; icy. 

+GLa'CIS, n. [Fr.] A slope or sloping bank in 
fortifications. 

GLAD, a. Affected with pleasure ; wearing an 
appearance of joy; wearing a gay appearance; 
affording pleasure ; expressing or exciting joy ; 
v. t. to make glad ; to exhilarate. — Sm Delight- 
ed ; gratified. — Delighted expresses a much higher 
degree of pleasure than glad ; gratified always re- 
fers to a pleasure conferred by some human agent, 
and the feeling is modified by the consideration 
that we owe it in part to another. A person may 
be glad or delighted to see a friend, and gratified 
at the attention shown by his visits. 

GLaD'DJEN (glad'dn), v. t. or i. To make or be- 
come glad. 

GLaDE, n. An opening through a wood or in ice. 

GLAD'I-ATE, a. Sword-shaped ; resembling a 
sword. _ [fighter. 

GLAD'I-a-TOR, n. A sword-player ; a prize- 

S^troS^i a ' Relating t0 s ladiators - 

GLAD'LY, ad. With joy or pleasure ; cheerfully. 
GLAD'NESS, n. A moderate degree of joy. — Syn. 

Pleasure ; delight ; joy ; happiness. 
GLAD'SOME, a. Pleased; joyful; causing joy. 
GLAD'SdME-NESS, n. Moderate joy; pleasure. 
GLAIR, n. The white of an egg ; a halbert ; v. t. 

to smear with the white of an egg ; to varnish. 
GLAIR'Y, a. Partaking of the qualities of glair. 
GLa'MOUR, n. A magical deception of the eyes, 

making things appear different from what they 

are. 
GLANCE (6), n. A sudden shoot or darting of 

light ; a cast of the sight ; a rapid or momentary 

view. 
GLANCE, v. i. To dart a ray of light ; to fly off 

obliquely ; to hint a censure ; to view with a 

sudden cast of the eye ; v. t. to turn suddenly or 

obliquely, as to glance the eye. 
GLAND, n. A secreting organ in animals and 

plants. [ease of horses. 

GLaND'ERS, n. A running from the nose ; a dis- 
GLAN-DIF'EE-OUS, a. Bearing acorns or other 

nuts. [like glands. 

GLaND'u-LAR (gland'yu-lar), a. Consisting of or 
GLAND'uLE (gland'yule), n. A small gland or 

secreting vessel. [glands. 

GLAND'u-LOUS, a. Like a gland; consisting of 
GLaNS, n. The nut of the penis; an acorn; a 

strumous swelling. 
GLARE (4), n. A bright, dazzling light; a fierce, 

piercing look ; a viscous transparent substance. 

See Glair. 
GLARE, v. i. To shine so as to dazzle the sight ; 

to look with fierce eyes; v. t. to shoot a dazzling 

light. 



GLAR'ING, a. Open ; barefaced ; notorious. 

GLAR'ING-LY, ad. Openly; notoriously. 

GLASS (6), n. A transparent substance made of 
sand and alkali ; a glass vessel of any kind ; a 
mirror ; a vessel to be filled with sand, for meas- 
uring time ; a perspective glass. 

GLASS, a. Made of glass; vitreous. 

GLASS, v. t. To cover with glass (usually glaze) ; 

GLASS'ES, n. pi. Spectacles. [to mirror. 

GLASS'-FuR-NACE, n. A furnace for melting 
the materials of glass. 

GLASS'-HOUSE, n. A house where glass is made. 

GLASS'I-NESS, n. A vitreous appearance. 

GLASS'-WoRKS (-wurks), n. pi. Place where 
glass is made. 

GLaSS'Y, a. Made of glass; vitreous; like glass. 

GLAUB'ER'S-SALT, n. A cathartic salt ; sul- 
phate of soda. 

GLAU-Co'MA, n. A disease of the eye, giving it 
a bluish-green color. 

GLAU'COUS, a. Having a light or sea-green 
color ; covered with a fine bloom ; of a green- 
ish color. 

GLaY'MoRE, 7i. A large two-handed sword, for- 
merly used by the Highlanders. See Claymore. 

GLaZE, v. t. To furnish with glass ; to cover with 
a_smooth or vitreous substance ; to make glossy. 

GLaZE, n. The vitreous coating or glazing of 
potter' s ware. [glass. 

GLa'ZIER (gla'zhur), n. One who sets window- 

GLaZ'ING, 7i. The art of setting glass; the vit- 
reous substance on potters' ware ; transparent or 
semi-transparent color passed thinly over other 
colors. 

GLEAM, n. A faint shooting forth of light ; a ray. 

GLEAM, v. i. To shine with a faint light. — Syn. 
To glimmer; glitter. — To gleam denotes a faint 
but distinct emission of light; to glimmer de- 
scribes an indistinct and unsteady light; to glit- 
ter, a brightness that is intense, but varying. The 
morning light gleams upon the earth ; a distant 
taper glimmers through the mist ; a dew-drop 
glitters in the sun. \ 

GLEAN, V. i. To gather the remains; to pick up. 

GLEAN, n. A collection of remains. 

GLeAN'ER, n. One who gathers after reapers. 

GLeAN'ING, n. Act of gathering; what is gath- 
ered. 

GLEBE, n. Turf; soil; land belonging to a par- 

GLEB'OUS,? „ rr„^jv. ^^^,1tt [ish church. 

GLEB'Y, \ a - Turfy ' cloddy - 

GLEE, n. Literally, music or mirthful song; 
hence, sprightly joy; a song for three or more 
voices. — Syn. Mirth ; gayety ; merriment ; hilar- 
ity. 

GLEE'FEL, \ a. Merry ; laughing ; 

GLEE'SOME (gle'sum), j gay; joyous. 

GLEET, 71. A flux of thin humor from a sore. 

GLEN, n. A valley ; space between hills. 

GLIB, a. Admitting a body to slide easily on the 
surface; easily moving, as the tongue. — Syn. 
Smooth; slippery; voluble; fluent; flippant. 

GLIB'LY, ad. Smoothly; volubly. 

GLIB'NESS, n. Smoothness; slipperiness ; volu- 
bility of tongue. 

GLIDE, v. i. To flow gently and silently; to 
move without apparent effort 

GLIDE, n. The act or mode of passing smoothly 
and swiftly without effort or hinderance. 

GLID'ER, 7i. He or that which glides. 

GLIM'MER, v. i. To shoot feeble or scattered 
rays; to shine faintly. See Gleam. 

GLIM'MER-ING, n. A faint light ; slight view. 

GLIMPSE, n. A slight view ; a faint light; fleet- 
ing enjoyment; exhibition of a faint resemblance. 

GLIS'TjE'N (glls'sn),) v. i. To sparkle with light ; 

GLiS'TER, V to shine brightly; to be 

GLIT'TER, ) splendid or showy.— Syn. 

To shine; glare; gleam, which see. 

GLIT'TER, 7i. Brightness; brilliancy; splendor. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, BULL ; vi"cioxjs. — € as k ; ii as J ; s as z ; en as sh ; sins. + Xot English. 



GLO 



184 



GOB 



GLoAT, v. i. To gaze at with eagerness or admira- 
tion. 

GLo'BATE, \ a. Eound ; spherical ; having the 

GLo'Ba-TEDJ form of a globe. 

GLoBE, n. A round body; the earth. — Syn. 
Sphere; orb; ball. — Globe denotes a round (and 
usually a solid) body ; sphere is the mathemat- 
ical term for such a body; orb is used in the 
same sense, and also (contracted from orbit) for 
the pathway of a heavenly body; ball, in this 
connection, is applied to the heavenly bodies con- 
ceived of as thrown or impelled through space. 

GLD'BOUS'F a< Eound ? globular; spherical. 

GLoB'u-LAR (glob'yu-lar), a. Like a globe ; spher- 
ical. 

GLoB'uLE (glob'yule), n. A small globe or round 
mass ; a little particle of a spherical form. 

GLoB'u-LOUS, a. Round; globular; having the 
form of a small sphere. 

GLoME, n. A roundish head of flowers. 

GLoM'EE-aTE, v. t. To gather into a ball. 

GLOM-ER-a'TION, n. The act of gathering or 
winding into a ball ; a body formed into a ball. 

GLOOM, n. Great obscurity; depression of spir- 
its. See Dakkness. 

GLOOM, v. i. To shine obscurely ; to be dark or 
cloudy; to be melancholy or dejected; v. t. to 
darken ; to obscure ; to make dismal. 

GLOOM'I-LY, ad. Darkly; obscurely; dismally. 

GLOOM'I-NESS, n. Want of light; want of 
cheerfulness. — Syn. Obscurity; darkness; dis- 
malness ; depression ; heaviness ; melancholy ; 
sadness. 

GLOOM'Y, a. Imperfectly illuminated or void of 
light; wearing the aspect of sorrow; heavy of 
heart. — Syn. Obscure ; dark ; dim ; dusky ; 
cloudy ; sullen ; morose ; downcast ; dispirited ; 
disheartened. [ous. 

GLO-RI-FI-Ca'TION, n. Act of making glori- 

GLu'RI-FY, v. t. To make glorious ; to praise ; to 
extol. 

GLo'RI-OUS, a. Of exalted excellence; conferring 
splendor or renown; very honorable. — Syn. Illus- 
trious; splendid; renowned; noble; grand. 

GLo'RI-OUS-LY, ad. Illustriously ; with renown. 

GLo'RY, n. Literally, brightness or splendor, as 
of the sun ; hence splendor, in the moral sense, 
as perfection, honor, renown, &c. ; object of high- 
est desire; honorable pride; a circle of rays 
round a head in paintings. — Syn. Fame; celebri- 
ty; distinction; luster; dignity; grandeur; no- 
bleness; majesty; sublimity. 

GLo'RY, v. i. To exult ; to boast ; to display pride. 

GLo'RY-ING, n. Act of exulting ; boasting. 

GLoSS, n. Brightness; specious appearance; in- 
terpretation ; comment or remark for illustration. 

GLoSS (20), v. t. To make smooth and shining ; to 
illustrate ; to give a specious appearance to ; v. i. 
to write or make explanatory remarks ; to make 
sly remarks. 

GLOS-Sa'RI-AL, a. Containing explanations. 

GLoSS'A-RY, 11. A vocabulary for explaining ob- 
scure words. 

GLoSS'I-NESS, n. The luster of a smooth surface. 

GLOSS-oG'RA-PHER, n. A writer of notes and 
commentaries. 

GLOSS-oL'O-GlST, n. One who defines terms. 

GLOSS-oL'O-GY, n. Definition of terms. 

GLoSS' Y, a. Smooth and shining; bright; re- 
flecting luster from a smooth surface; highly 
polished. 

GLoT'TIS, n. The narrow opening of the wind- 
pipe. 

GLOVE (gluv), n. A cover for the hand, with a 
separate sheath for each finger; to throw the 
glove Avas, with our ancestors, to challenge to sin- 
gle combat; v. t. to cover the hand with a glove. 

GLOV'ER (gliiv'er), n. One who makes and sells 
gloves. 



GLoW (glo), v. i. To shine with intense heat; to 
be hot ; to be red ; to be passionate. 

GLoW (glo), n. Intense heat ; brightness of col- 
or; ardent passion. 

GLoW'ING, a. Shining or burning intensely: of 
a bright red color. — Syn. Ardent ; inflamed ; fe- 
vered ; vehement ; animated. 

GLoW'WoRM, n. An insect which emits a lam- 
bent greenish light. 

GLoZE, v. t. To flatter ; to insinuate ; n. flattery. 

GLuE, n. A tenacious substance for cement, made 
by boiling pieces of skin, parings of horn, &c. 

GLuE, v. t. To join or cement with glue ; to unite. 

GLu'EY (glu'y), a. Viscous; glutinous. 

GLuM, a. Sullen ; gloomy ; grave. 

GLuME, n. In botany, the calyx or corol of cer- 
tain plants ; husk ; chaff. 

GLuT, v. t. To cloy ; to disgust ; to overload. 

GLuT, n. Plenty to satiety or loathing ; any thing 
that obstructs ; a wooden wedge to split logs. 

GLu'TEN, n. A viscid elastic substance produced 
from flour. 

GLu'TI-NaTE, v. t To unite with glue. 

GLU-TI-Na'TION, n. A cementing with glue. 

GLu'TI-NA-TlVE, a. Tenacious; cementing. 

GLu'TI-NOUS, a. Viscous ; viscid ; tenacious ; 
having the quality of glue. 

GLu'TI-NOUS-NESS, n. Quality of being viscous. 

GLuT'TON (gliit'tn), n. A voracious eater; one 
eager for any thing to excess; a carnivorous 
quadruped. [ive eating. 

GLuT'TON-OUS (glut' tn-us), a. Given to excess- 

GLuT'TON-Y, n. Excess in eating; luxury of 
the table. [&c. 

GLYPH, n. A perpendicular channel in a column, 

GLYP'TICS, n. pi. The art of engraving figures 
on precious stones. 

GNaR (niir), ) v. i. To growl; to murmur; to 

GNARL(narl),| snarl. 

GnIr™ (Utirld) | a - Knott r ; ft* of knot* 

GNASH, v. I. or t. To strike or grind the teeth ; 
to rage. 

GNaSH'ING, n. A grinding of the teeth. 

GNaT (nat), n. A small insect that stings. 

GNAW (navy), v. t. To bite or tear with the teeth. 

GNAW'ING (naw'ing), n. A biting or fretting. 

GNEiSS (nise), n. In geology, a stratified rock 
composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. 

GNEiS'SOID (nlse'oid), a. Having some of the 
characteristics of gneiss. 

GNoME (nome), n. An imaginary being, supposed 
'-o inhabit the inner parts of the earth. 

GNoM're (nom'ik), a. Dealing in axioms. 

GNo'MON (no'mon), n. The style or pin of a dial. 

GNO-MoNT€S, n. pi. The art of dialing. 

GNoS'TIO (nos'tik), n. One Avho held the doc- 
trines of gnosticism ; a. pertaining to the Gnostics. 

GNoS'TI-CISM (nos'te-sizm), n. A heresy in the 
primitive Church, arising from the corruption of 
Christianity by Platonism or Oriental Philosophy. 

GNU (nu), n. A kind of antelope with hooked 
horns, and the mane and tail of a horse. 

Go, v. i. Ipret. Went ; pp. Gone.] To move ; to 
walk ; to depart. 

GoAD, n. A pointed instrument to drive oxen. 

GoAD, v. t. To prick with a goad; to urge for- 
ward. — Syn. To stimulate; incite; instigate; im- 
pel. 

GoAL (gole), n. A starting-post; the mark to 
which racers run ; the end ; final purpose. 

GoAT, n. A well-known animal of the genus Ca- 

GoAT'HERD, n. A keeper of goats. [pra. 

GoAT'ISH, a. Rank; lustful; like goats. 

Go'-BE-TWEEN, n. One who transacts business 
between two parties. 

GoB'BLE, v. t. or i. To swallow with haste and 
noise ; to make the noise of a turkey. 

GoB'BLER, n. A greedy eater; a turkey-cock. 

GoB'LET, n. A drinking vessel without a handle. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what; theee, term; mak'ine, b£bx>; move, 



GOB 



185 



GOV 



GoB'LIN, n. An evil spirit; a phantom. 

Go'-BY, n. Evasion; escape by artirice. 

Go'-CXRT, n. A machine to help children to walk. 

GoD, n. The Supreme Being; Jehovah; an idol. 

GdD'CHiLD,n. One for whom a person is sponsor. 

GOD'DESS, n. A female deity. [in baptism. 

GOD'FX-THER, n. One who is sponsor for a child 

GoD'HEAD (-bed), n. The Divine Nature ; Deity. 

GoD'LESS, a. Impious; ungodly; irreligious; 
atheistical. [perior excellence. 

GoD'LIKE, a. Divine; resembling God ; of su- 

G6D'LI-NESS, n. Real piety ; true religion ; a re- 
ligious life ; the system of Christianity. 

GoD'LY, a. Reverencing God and his laws; liv- 
ing obediently to his commands; conformed to 
God's laws. — Syn. Devout; holy; pious; relig- 
ious; righteous; ad. piously; religiously. 

GOD'MOTH-ER (-muth-er), n. A female sponsor 
for a child in baptism. 

GoD'SEND, n. An unexpected piece of good luck. 

GOD'SHIP, n. Godhead ; Deity. 

GoD'WARD, ad. Toward God. 

GoG'GLE, v. i. To roll or move the eye-balls. 

GoG'GLE-EYjED (-Ide), a. Having large, rolling 
eyes. 

GoG'GLES (gog'lz), n. pi. Instruments to cure 
squinting; glasses to defend the eyes from dust, 
wind, &c. ; blinds for horses. 

Go'ING, n. A walking ; departure ; way of life. 

GOI'TER, \ n. The bronchocele ; a swelling in 

GOI'TRE, j the fore part of the neck. [riches. 

GoLD, n._ The most precious metal; money; 

GoLD'-BeAT-ER, n. One whose business it is to 
beat or foliate gold for gilding. 

GoLD'-DuST, n. Gold in particles. 

GoLD'i?N (gol'dn), a. Made of gold; yellow like 
gold; pure; happy; excellent. 

GoLD'FINCH, n. A small, beautiful bird, famed 
for its singing. [called for its golden color. 

GoLD'FISH, n. A fresh-water fish from China, so 

GoLD'-LeAF, n. A thin leaf of gold for gilding. 

GoLD_'SMITH, n. One who works in gold. 

GO-LoE'-SIIoE,) n. An overshoe worn to avoid 

GO-L6SH', j mud. 

GoN'DO-LA^ n. A flat boat used at Venice. 

GON-DO-LIeR', n. A man who rows a gondola. 

G6NG, n. A circular instrument of copper and 
tin, struck with a wooden mallet, producing a loud 
noise. 

GO-NI-oM'E-TER, n. An instrument to measure 
angles, particularly of crystals. [angles. 

GO-NI-oM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring solid 

GON-OR-RHe'A, n. A contagious inflammation 
of the genital organs. 

GOOD. a. Valid; sound; palatable; pleasant; 
suitable; proper; complete; convenient; useful; 
virtuous; kind; benevolent, &c. 

GOOD, n. That which affords happiness; spirit- 
ual advantage; virtue. 

GOOD, ad. As good, as well ; inter j. well ; right. 

GOOD'-BREED'ING, n. Polite manners or edu- 

GOOD'-BT, n. Farewell. [cation. 

GOOD-FRI'DAY, n. A fast of the Christian 
Church, kept on Friday of Passion-week. 

GOOD'LI-NESS, n. Beauty; grace; elegance. 

GOOD'LY, «._ Beautiful; graceful; comely. 

GOOD-NaT'uR#D (-nat'yurd), a. Naturally 
mild in feelings and spirit. — Syn. Good-tem- 
pered; kind. — Good-natured denotes a disposi- 
tion to please and be pleased ; good-tempered, a 
spirit which is not easily ruffled by provocation 
or other disturbing influences; kind, a disposi- 
tion to make others happy by supplying their 
wants and granting their requests. 

GOOD'NESS, n. The qualities which constitute 
excellence ; Christian excellence ; the exercise of 
acts of kindness. — Syn. Virtue; piety; religion; 
benevolence; beniguity; charity; compassion; 
mercy; humanity. [dise. 

GOODS, n. pi. Movables; furniture; merchan- 



GOOD-TVILL', n. Benevolence ; facilities of trade ; 
custom. 

GOOSE, n. ; pi. Geese. A well-known aquatic 
fowl ; a tailor's utensil ; a simpleton. 

GOOSF/BKR-RY, n. A prickly shrub and its fruit. 

GO< >SE'-QUlLL, n. The large quill of a goose. 

Go'PHER. n. A burrowing quadruped of the size 
of a squirrel ; a kind of wood used in building 
the ark. 

GOR'DI-AN, a. Very intricate; gordian knot, an 
inextricable difficulty ; to cut the gordinn knot is 
to remove a difficulty by bold or unusual meas- 
ures. 

GoRE, n. Clotted blood ; a triangular piece of 
cloth or land; v. t. to stab or wound with the 
horns; to cut a gore or piece with a gore. 

GoRgE, n. The throat; narrowest part of a cap- 
ital ; narrow pass between mountains. 

GoRgE, v. t. To swallow with greediness ; to fill 
the throat or stomach ; to satiate. 

GoR'gEOUS (gor'jus), a. Very fine or showy ; 
glittering. [ly; richly. 

GOR'GEOUS-LY (gor'jus-), ad. Finely; splendid- 

GOR'gEOUS-^ESS (gor'jus-), n. Show of dress 
or ornaments. 

GOR'gET (gSr'j et) , n. Arm or to defend the throat ; 

i a surgical instrument in lithotomy. 

GoR'GON, n. A fabled monster; a horrid being. 

GOR-Go'NI-AN, a. Like or pertaining to a gor- 
gon. 

GoR'MAND, \ n. A glutton ; a greedy or rav- 

G5R'MAND-ER,j enous eater. 

G6R'MAND-iZE, v. i. To eat ravenously. 

GoR'MAND-lZ-ER, n. A greedy, voracious eater. 

GoR'Y, a. Stained with or like gore ; bloody ; 
murderous. [family. 

GoS'HAWK, n. A voracious bird of the hawk 

GoS'LING, n. A young goose ; a catkin. 

GOS'PEL, n. God's revelation to man of his gvace 
by a Savior; the history of Jesus Christ, contain- 
ing his doctrines and precepts ; divinitj r ; v. t. to 
instruct in the Gospel. 

GoS'PEL, a. Accordant with the gospel. 

GoS'PEL-ER, v. An evangelist; he who reads 
the Gospel in a cathedral ; a follower of Wickliff. 

G6S'SA-MER, n. Filmy substance like cobwebs, 
floating in the air. 

GOS'SIP, n. One that goes about and tattles ; a 
sponsor ; mere idle talk ; tattle ; v. i. to run about 
and tattle ; to talk much. 

GoS'SIP-ING, a. Prating; tattling; chatting. 

GoTH, n. A barbarian ; one that anciently inhab- 
ited Sweden and Norway. 

Go'THAM-iTE, n. A sportive term for an inhab- 
itant of New York. 

GoTH'IC, a. Pertaining to the Goths; rude; 
also, noting a style of architecture with sharp- 
pointed arches and clustered columns. 

GoTH'I-CISM, n. Rudeness of manners; barbar- 
ousness; Gothic idiom; conformity to Gothic 
style. 

GoTH'I-CIZE, v. t. To bring back to barbarism. 

GOUgE, n. A curved chisel. 

GOUgE, v. t. To cut or scoop out with a gouge. 

G5URD (gorde), n. A plant and its fruit, the 
shell of which is used to dip or hold water, &c. 

GoUR'MXND (goor'miind), n. A ravenous eater; 
an epicure. 

GOUT, n. A painful disease of the joints. 

+G5UT (goo), n. IFr.] Taste; relish. 

GOUT'I-NESS, n. Gouty affections. [to it. 

GOUT'Y, a. Diseased with the gout, or subject 

GOVERN (guv'ern), v. t. To direct; to rule; to 
control ; in grammar, to require to be in a par- 
ticular case. 

GOVERN, v. i. To exercise authority ; to main- 
tain superioritv ; to have the. control. 

GOVERN-A-BLE (guv'ern-a-bl), a. Subject to 
rule ; that may be governed. — Syn. Submissive; 
obedient; manageable; controllable. 



dove, wolf, book ; rule, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en as su ; this. + Not English. 



GOV 



186 



GRA 



GoV'ERN-ANCE, n. Management ; control. 

GoV'ERN-ANTE,\ - ,. jn. A lady who has 

GoV'ERN-ESS, / (guy " ; ' \ the care of young 
females ; an instructress. 

GoV'ERN-ING, a. Holding the superiority ; di- 
recting ; controlling. 

GOV'ERN-MENT (guv'-), n. Control ; system of 
polity for ruling a nation; an empire or king- 
dom; the persons who administer the laws; ex- 
ercise of authority; management; in grammar, 
the influence of a word in regard to construction. 

GOV-ERN-MfiNT'AL (guv'-), «; Pertaining to or 
made by government. 

G6VERN-OR (giiv'ern-ur), n. A chief magis- 
trate ; one who rules ; a tutor ; one who steers a 
ship ; a contrivance for regulating machinery. 

GoV'ERN-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a governor. 

GOWN, n. A woman's upper garment ; a loose 
habit or robe worn by students or professional 
men ; a robe for sickness, &c. 

GOWN'MAN, I n. One devoted to the arts of 

GOWNS'MAN, f peace ; a man of letters. 

GRAB, v. t. To seize ; to hold fast (vulgar). 

GRaCE, n. Favor; privilege ; unmerited favor of 
God ; influence of the Holy Spirit ; religious af- 
fections; beauty; ease of manners; a short pray- 
er before or after meals ; the title of a duke or 
archbishop. — Syn. Mercy. — Grace is free, spon- 
taneous favor to the undeserving ; mercy is kind- 
ness or compassion to the suffering or condemn- 
ed. It was the grace of God that opened a way 
for the exercise of mercy toward men. 

GRaCE, v. t. To adorn; to dignify; to honor. 

GRaCE'FUL, a. Beautiful with dignity ; agreea- 
ble, with 'expression of elevated mind or manner. 
— Syn. Elegant; easy; dignified; comely. See 
Elegant. [and natural ease. 

GRaCE'FUL-LY, ad. With dignity of manners 

GRACE'FtTL-NESS, n. Beauty with dignity and 
elegance'of manners or deportment. — Syn. Come- 
liness; elegance; ease; propriety. [praved. 

GRaCE'LESS, a. Destitute of grace ; corrupt ; de- 

GRa'CES, n. pi. Three beautiful sisters who at- 
tended Venus; a play with hoops and rods; el- 
egant manners ; in music, ornamental notes 
thrown in. 

GRa'CIOUS (gra'shus), a. Expressive of grace, 
kindness, or favor ; disposed to forgive ; proceed- 
ing from divine favor; renewed or sanctified by 
grace. — Syn. Favorable ; kind ; civil ; conde- 
scending ; benevolent ; friendly ; beneficent ; be- 
nignant; merciful. 

GRA'CIOUS-LY, ad. Kindly ; with free good-will. 

GRa'CIOUS-NESS, n. Kind condescension ; pos- 
session of graces or good qualities ; pleasing man- 
ner; mercifulness. 

GRA-Da'TION, n. Regular progress; order; se- 
ries ; in painting, a gradual blending of tints. 

GRA-Da'TION-ALJ a. In regular order or by 

GRAD'A-TO-RY, j successive steps. 

GRADE, n. Degree ; rank ; a step or degree in 
any ascending series; degree of ascent or de- 
scent in a road, &c. [descent or ascent. 

GRADE, v. t. To reduce to a certain degree of 

GRa'DI-ENT, a. Moving by steps ; rising or de- 
scending by regular degrees, as of a railroad. 

GRa'DI-ENT, n. The degree of ascent or descent 
in any part eff a railway. 

GRaD'u-AL (grSd'yu-al), a. Step by step ; ad- 
vancing by degrees; n. an order of steps; an 
ancient book of hymns, so called because they 
were chanted on the steps. 

GRaD'u-AL-LY, ad. By steps or degrees. 

GRaD'u-aTE (grad'yu-ate), v. t. To honor with 
an academical degree ; to divide any space into 
small regular intervals; to form or mark nice 
shades ; to advance by degrees ; to temper ; to 
bring fluids to a certain consistency; v.i. to re- 
ceive a degree ; to pass by degrees ; to change 
gradually. 



GRAD'u-ATE, n. One who has received a degree. 

GRAD-u-a'TION, n. The act of conferring or re- 
ceiving degrees ; progression by degrees ; act of 
marking degrees. 

GRa'DUS, n. A dictionary of prosody. 

GRAFT (6), n. A scion inserted in a stock. 

GRAFT, v. t. To insert as a scion in another tree ; 
to propagate by inserting, &c. ; to insert in what 
it did not originally belong. 

GRAFT'ING, n. The process of inserting a scion 
into the bark of a tree called a stock. 

GRaIN, n. Corn ; a small seed or weight ; a small 
mass or particle ; veins or fibers of wood, &c. ; 
component part of stones, &c. ; rough, fibrous 
texture on the outside of the skin of animals; 
any thing proverbially small ; temper ; dyed or 
stained substance. To dye in gram is to dye in 
the raw material. 

GRaIN, v. t. To form into grains ; to granulate ; 
to_paint in imitation of the grains of wood. 

GRaIN-SD, a. Painted in imitation of the grain 
of wood ; roughened ; dyed in the grain ; in- 
grained. 

GRAINS, n. pi. Remains of malt after brewing. 

GRAL'LIC, a. Stilted ; having long legs like a 
crane, &c. 

GRAM, \ n. VFr.-] The unity of weight in the 

•J-GRAMME,!" French system, about 15 and four 
ninths grains Troy. 

GRA-MiN'E-AL, \ a. Grassy ; like or pertain- 

GRA-MIN'E-OUSJ ing to grass. 

GRAM-I-NlV'O-ROUS, a. Feeding on grass. 

GRAM'MAR, n. The art of writing and speaking 
a language correctly ; a system of rules for speak- 
ing and writing a languages. 

GRAM-MA'RI-AN, n. One skilled in grammar. 

GRAM'MAR-SCHOOL (-skool), n. A school in 
which the learned languages are taught. 

GRAM-MAT'I-CAL, a. According to the rules of 
grammar. [mar. 

GRAM-MAT'I-CAL-LY, ad. According to gram- 

GRAM'PUS, n. A large voracious fish of the ceta- 
ceous order, very fierce. 

GRAN'A-RY, n. A store-house for grain. 

GRAND, a. Great ; high in power ; dignified ; 
producing the impression of grandeur. — Syn. 
Magnificent ; sublime. — Grand, in reference to 
objects of taste, is applied to that which expands 
the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; 
magnificent is applied to any thing which is im- 
posing from its splendor; sublime describes that 
which is awful and elevating. A cataract is 
grand; a rich and varied landscape is magnifi- 
cent; an overhanging precipice is sublime. 

GRAN 'DAM., n. Grandmother ; an old woman. 

GEAND'CHiLD, n. The child of a son or daughter. 

GRAND'DAUGH-TER(-daw'ter),w. The daugh- 
ter of a son or daughter. [bleman. 

GRAN-DEE', n. A man of rank ; a Spanish no- 

GRAND'EOR (grand'yur), n. Elevation of thought 
or expression, or of mien or deportment; splendor 
of appearance; combination of qualities elevating 
and expanding the mind. — Syn. Majesty; sublim- 
ity; stateliness; greatness; augustness; loftiness; 
magnificence. [ther. 

GRAND'FX-THER, n. A father's or mother's fa- 

GRAN-DiL'O-QUENCE, n. Lofty speaking. 

GRAN-DiL'O-QUENTJ a. Pompous ; bombas- 

GRAN-DiL'O-QUOUSJ tic; speaking in a lofty 
style. 

GRAND-Ju'ROR, n. One of a grand jury. 

GRAND-Ju'RY, n. A jury to decide on indie t- 
m ents. 

GRAND'MoTH-ER (-muth-er), n. A father's or 
mother's mother. 

GRAND-SEIGN'IOR (-sen'yur), n. The sover- 
eign or Sultan of Turkey. 

GRAND'SIRE, n. A grandfather; an ancestor. 

GRAND'SON (-sun), n. The son of a son or 
daughter. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



GRA 



187 



GRA 



GRAND-ViZ'IER (-vizh'yer), n. The chief min- 
ister of the Turkish empire ; vizier. 

GRaNgE, n. A farm with the buildings and 
stables. 

GRA-NiF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing seeds like grains. 

GRAN'ITE (gran'it), n. An aggregate stone, com- 
posed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. 

GRA-NlT'IC, a. Consisting of or like granite. 

GRA-NIT'I-FORM, a. Resembling granite in 
structure or shape. [corn. 

GRA-NIVO-ROUS, a. Subsisting on grain or 

GRANT (6), v. t. To admit as true what is not 
proved ; to bestow or confer in answer to request ; 
to transfer a title for a consideration. — Syn. To 
allow ; give ; concede ; yield ; convey ; cede. 

GRANT, n. A thing granted ; act of granting ; 
admission of something as true; thing conveyed 
by deed, &c. — Syn. Present ; gift ; boon ; conces- 
sion; conveyance; bestowment. 

GRANT-EE', n. One to whom a grant is made. 

GRANT'OR, n. One who makes a grant. 

GRAN'u-LAR, \ a. Consisting of grains or re- 

GRAN'u-LA-RY,)" sembling grains. 

GRAN'u-LaTE (gran'yu-late), v. t. To form into 
grains or small masses ; to raise into small rough- 
nesses; to make rough on the surface ; v. i. to col- 
lect or be formed into grains. 

GRaN'u-LATE, a. Consisting of or resembling 
grains; having numerous small elevations like 
shagreen ._ 

GRAN-u-La'TION, n. Act or process of forming 
into grains ; name of little grain-like formations 
in sores healing, &c. [tide. 

GRaN'uLE (gran'yule), n. A little grain or par- 

GRaN'u-LOUS, a. Full of grains. 

GRaPE, n. The fruit of the vine, as a single beriy 
or cluster ; abbreviation for grape-shot. 

GRaP'ER-Y, n. A building or inclosure for rear- 
ing grapes. 

GRaPE'-SHoT, n. A cluster of small shot con- 
fined in a canvas bag and discharged from cannon. 

GRAPH'IC (graf'ik),\fl. Pertaining to writing; 

GRaPH'IC-AL, / well delineated ; describ- 

ing with accuracy. 

GRAPH'IC-AL-LY, ad. With good delineation ; 
picturesquely. 

GRAPH'ITE, n. Carburet of iron used for pencils, 
called Mack lead. 

GRAP'NEL, \ n. A small anchor, with four or 

GRAP'LiNE, j five flukes or claws. 

GRaP'PLE,v. t. To seize; to grasp; to lay hold 
of with hands or hooks, &c. ; v. i. to contend in 
close fight, as wrestlers. 

GRaP'PLE, n. A seizing ; a hook ; a close hug in 
contest; the wrestler's hold. 

GRAP'PLING-i-RON$ (-T-urnz), n. pi. Irons used 
as instruments of grappling and holding fast. 

GRASP (6), v. t. To seize and hold; to catch ; v. 
i. to catch ; to gripe ; to encroach. 

GRASP, n. Gripe of the hands or arms ; an em- 
brace ; the power of seizing. 

GRASS (6), n. In common usage, herbage, &c. ; 
the name of many species of plants which are 
food for cattle. 

GRASS, v. t. To cover with grass or turf; v. i. to 
breed grass ; to be covered with grass. 

GRASS'HOP-PER, n. An insect that hops among 
grass. [grass. 

GRASS'I-NESS, n. The state of abounding with 

GRASS'PLOT, n. A plat of grassy ground. 

GRASS'Y, a. Covered or filled with grass. 

GRaTE, n. A frame of bars or cross-Lars ; a frame 
of_iron bars for holding coals. 

GRaTE, v. t. To rub, as a rough surface ; to wear 
away ; to fret ; to vex ; to make a harsh sound by 
the friction of rough bodies; v. i. to rub hard ; to 
offend. 

GRaTE'FEL, a. Having a sense of favors; kind- 
ly disposed; awakening pleasurable emotions; 
affording pleasure to the senses. — Syn. Thank- 



ful; pleasing; gratifying; acceptable; agreea- 
ble; welcome; delightful; delicious. [ly. 

GRaTE'FTL-LY, ad. With gratitude ; pleasing- 

GRaTE'FUL-NESS, n. Gratitude ; the quality of 
being agreeable to the mind or taste. 

GRaT'ER, n. An instrument for rasping. 

GRAT-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of pleasing ; 
that which affords pleasure; pleasure enjoyed; 
satisfaction. 

GRAT'I-FT, v. t. To please by satisfying some 
wish ; to give pleasure to; to satisfy or soothe. — 
Syn. To indulge ; to humor. — Gratify has refer- 
ence simply to the pleasure communicated; to 
indulge a person implies that we concede some- 
thing to his wishes or his weaknesses -which he 
could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, 
have been spared ; to humor is to adapt ourselves 
to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices of 
others. We gratify a child by showing him the 
sights of a large city ; we indulge him in some 
extra expense on such an occasion; we humor 
him if he is taken ill when away from home. 

GRaT'ING, a. Rubbing hard ; fretting, &c. 

GRaT'ING, n. A harsh sound of rubbing; a par- 
tition of bars or lattice-work ; an open cover of 
the hatches of a ship; usually, in the plural, 
gratings. 

GRaT'ING-LY, ad. Harshly; offensively. 

GRa'TIS, ad. [I/.] Freely ; without compensation. 

GRAT'I-TuDE, n. Emotion of the heart excited 
by a sense of favor received ; love to a benefactor 
in view of benefit conferred. 

GRA-Tu'I-TOUS, a. Granted without claim or 
merit; free; voluntary; asserted without proof. 

GRA-Tu'I-TOUS-LY, ad. Voluntarily ; without 
reward ; freely ; without proof. 

GRA-Tu'I-TY, n. A gift ; something freely given 
without compensation or equivalent. 

GRaT'u-LaTE (grat'yu-late),?;. t. To express joy 
at another's prosperity; to congratulate; to sa- 
lute withjxpressions of joy. 

GRAT-u-La'TION, n. A rejoicing with another 
on account of his prosperity, &c. ; congratulation. 

GRAT'u-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy; congrat- 
ulatory. 

GRaYE, n. A pit for the dead ; any place where 
the dead are deposited ; a place of great mortali- 
ty^ death ; destruction. 

GRaVE, a. Literally, pressing, heavy; hence, 
being of weight, as a grave concern ; having an 
air or manner appropriate to weighty thought, 
as a grave countenance, a grave remark; not 
showy, as a grave attire. — Syn. Sober ; serious ; 
solemn. — Sober supposes the absence of all ex- 
hilaration of spirits, and is opposed to flighty; 
serious implies considerateness or reflection, and 
is opposed to jocose or sportive; grave denotes a 
state of mind, appearance, &c, which results 
from the pressure of weighty interests, and is op- 
posed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; 
solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is 
carried to its highest point, as a solemn admoni- 
tion, a solemn promise. 

GRaVE, v. t. Ipret. Gkaved ; pp. Gkaved, Grav- 
en.] To carve; to engrave; to clean, as a ship ; 
v. i. to carve, write, or delineate on hard sub- 
stances ; to practice engraving. 

GRaVE'-CLoTHES (klothz or kloze), n. pi. The 
clothes or dress in which the dead are interred. 

GRAVEL, n. Pebbles; small stones produced by 
concretions in the kidneys and bladder. 

GRAVEL, v. t. To cover with gravel ; to puzzle ; 
to hurt the foot of a horse by gravel lodged under 
the shoe. 

GRAVELED (grav'eld), a. Covered with gravel ; 
embarrassed; injured by gravel. 

GRAVEL-LY, a. Abounding with gravel. 

GRaVE'LY, ad. Seriously ; solemnly ; deeply. 

GRaVE'NESS, n. Seriousness; sobriety; solem- 
nity. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; EULE, BULL ; VI CIOUS. « as K ! 



s as z ; ch as sh ; this. 



A"ot English. 



GRA 



188 



GRI 



GRaVER, n. One who carves or engraves ; a 
sculptor ; a_tool to engrave with. [memorial. 

GRaVE'-SToNE, n. A stone set hy a grave as a 

GRaVE'-YaRD, n. A yard for burying the dead. 

GRA-ViM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascer- 
taining the specific gravity of bodies. 

GRaV'ING, n. Carved work ; engraving. 

GRaVI-TaTE, v. i. To tend toward the center. 

GRAV-I-Ta'TION, n. Tending to the center ; in 
physics, the tendency of all matter toward other 
matter; the force by which bodies are pressed or 
drawn to the center, &c. 

GRaVI-TY, n. Weight; heaviness; seriousness; 
force which draws toward the center ; terrestrial 
gravitation. [cooking. 

GRa'VY, n. The juices obtained from meat in 

GRaY, a. Hoary ; white with black ; old ; mature. 

GRa Y, n. A gray color ; an animal of a gray 
cojor, as a horse or a badger. 

GRaY'BeARD, n. An old man. 

GRaY'HOUND, n. See Geeyhowd. 

GRaY'ISH, a. Somewhat gray. 

GRaY'NESS, n. The quality of being gray. 

GRaZE, v. t. To rub slightly; to supply with 
grass as food ; v. i. to feed on grass. 

GRaZ'ER, n. One that grazes or feeds on herbage. 

GRa'ZIER (gra'zhur), n. One who feeds cattle or 
supplies with grass. 

GRaZ'ING, a. Feeding on grass; supplying pas- 
ture ; n. pasture ; feeding on grass. 

GReASE (greece), n. Animal fat in a soft state; 
oily or unctuous matter ; an inflammation in the 
heels of a horse. 

GReASE (greez), v. t. To smear or anoint with 
grease. 

GReA'SI-NESS, n. State of being greasy ; fatness. 

GReA'SY (gree'zy), a. Like grease or oil ; smear- 
ed with grease ; smooth ; fat ; oily ; gross. 

GREaT (grate), a. Large in bulk, number, de- 
gree, &c. ; chief; extended; bulky; distinguish- 
ed ;_rich; magnanimous; pregnant. 

GREaT, n. The whole; the gross; the mass; 
people of distinction. 

GREaT'LY, ad. In a great degree; magnani- 
mously. — Syn. Badly. — In some parts of this 
country, not by the vulgar alone, but by educa- 
ted persons, the word badly is used for greatly. 
Instead of saying, t- I wish greatly to see him," 
they say, "I wish to see him very badly." This 
is a gross error, and often becomes ridiculous, 
because the words seem to say of a friend, " I 
wish to see him in a very bad state of health," 
&c. 

GREaT'NESS, n. Largeness of bulk, number, &c. ; 
high degree ; dignity ; magnanimity ; strength or 
extent of intellectual faculties ; force ; intensity. 

GREAVES (greevz), n. pi. Ancient armor for the 
..legs ; the sediment of melted tallow. 

GRe'CIAN (gre'shan),? a. Pertaining to Greece; 

GREEK, j n. a native of Greece. 

GRe'CISM, n. An idiom of the Greek language. 

GREED'I-LY, ad. Ravenously; voraciously. 

GREED'I-NESS, n. Keenness of appetite for food 
or drink; ardent desire. — Syn. Voracity; raven- 
onsness; eagerness; avidity. 

GREED'Y, a. Possessing a keen appetite for food 
or drink ; having a keen desire ; anxious to ob- 
tain. — Syn. Ravenous; hungry; covetous. 

GREEK, n. A native, or the language of Greece. 

GREEK'-FIRE, n. A composition which burns un- 
der water. 

GREEN, a. Of the color of growing plants ; new; 
fresh; raw; not dry; unripe; sickly; wan; n. 
the color of growing plants ; a grassy plat. 

GREEN'-CLOTH, n. A board which regulates 
the household concerns of the English sovereign. 

GREEN'-GRo'CER, n. One who retails green or 
fresh vegetables or fruits. 

GREEN'-HAND, n. An inexperienced person. 

GREEN'-H6RN, n. A raw youth. 



GREEN '-HOUSE, n. A house to preserve plants 
in cold weather. 

GREEN'ISH, a. Somewhat green. 

GREEN'ISH-NESS, n. A state or quality of par- 
tial greenness. [actors in a theater. 

GREEN'-ROOM, n. The retiring-room of play- 

GREENS, n. pi. Young plants used in cookery. 

GREEN'-SiCK-NESS, n. A disease of females. 

GREEN'SWARD, n. Turf with green grass. 

GREEN' VIT'RI-OL, n. A popular name of sul- 
phate of iron. 

GREET, v. t. To salute ; to address ; to congrat- 
ulate ; v. i. to meet and salute ; to cry out. 

GREET'ING, n. A salutation; congratulation; 
compliment at meeting. 

GRE-Ga'RI-AN, a. Belonging to the herd. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS, a. Herding; keeping in flocks. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-LY, ad. In a flock or herd. 

GRE-Go'RI-AN, a. Belonging to Gregory, as the 
Gregorian chants, calendar, &c. 

GRE-N ADE'^n. A hollow ball or shell used in war. 

GREN-A-DlER', n. A foot-soldier who formerly 
carried grenades, now distinguished by superior 
height and uniform, wearing a tall cap. 

GREY. See Gray. 

GREY'HOUND (gra'-), n. A tall, slender dog, re- 
markable for keenness of sight, beauty of form, 
and great swiftness in the chase. [in. 

GRiD'DLE, n. Abroad shallow pan to bake cakes 

GRID'i-RON (-I-urn), n. A grate to broil meat on. 

GRIeF Cgreef ), n. A painful sense of loss ; mourn- 
ing. — Syn. Sorrow; sadness. — Sorrow is generic ; 
grief is sorrow for some definite cause — one which 
commenced, at least, in the past ; sadness is ap- 
plied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow 
is transient in many cases; but the grief of a 
mother for the loss of a favorite child too often 
turns into habitual sadness. 

GRIEVANCE (gre'vance), n. That which causes 
grief or uneasiness ; that which burdens or in- 
jures. — Syn. Oppression; affliction; wrong; of- 
fense ; hardship ; trouble. 

GRIeVE (greev), v. i. To feel pain of mind or of 
heart on account of an evil; v. t. to give pain 
of mind; to make sorrowful. — Syn. To mourn; 
sorrow; lament; afflict; wound; displease; of- 
fend. 

GRIEVOUS (gre'vus), a. Giving pain ; afflictive ; 
distressing; offensive; irritating; destructive. 

GRIeVOUS-LY, ad. Painfully; with grief. 

GRIEVOUS-NESS, n. Grief; sorrow. 

GRiF'FIN, \ n. A fabled animal, part lion and 

GRIF'FON,f part eagle. 

GRiLL, v. t. To broil ; to torment. 

GRIM, a. Impressing terror; adapted to create 
alarm; ill-looking. — Syn. Fierce; ferocious; fu- 
rious ; horrible ; frightful ; ghastly ; hideous ; 
stern; sullen; surly. 

GRi-MaCE', n. Affectation; a wry mouth; dis- 
tortion of the countenance from habit or inso- 
lence. 

GRi-MaL'KIN, n. The name of an old cat. 

GRlME, n. Foul matter; deep blackness; dirt; 
v. t. to foul ; to soil or sully deeply. 

GRiM'LY, ad. Ferociously; sullenly. 

GRiM'NESS, n. A fierce look ; surliness. 

GRiM'Y, a. Full of foul black matter ; dirty. 

GRiN, v. i. To show the teeth in laughter or scorn. 

GRIN, n. Act of closing the teeth and showing 
them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the 
teeth. 

GRIND, v. t. ipret. Ground.] To rub; to sharp- 
en ; to reduce to powder ; to oppress ; to crush ; 
v. i. to perform the act of grinding ; to be moved 
or rubbed together; to be polished or sharpened 
by grinding. 

GRIND'ER, n. One who grinds; instrument of 
grinding ; a molar tooth ; pi. the teeth in gen- 
eral. 

GRlND'SToNE, n. A flat, circular stone, used for 



GRI 



189 



GEU 



sharpening tools. IColloquially, grin'stone. — j 
Smart] 

GRIN'NTNG, ppr. or a. Closing the teeth and 
showing them, as in laughter. 

GRIP, n. A seizing; a grasping. 

GRIPE, v. t. To seize; to hold fast; to squeeze; 
to give pain to the bowels ; to pinch ; to distress ; 
V. i. to seize or catch by pinching ; to get money 
by hard bargains or exactions ; to feel the colic. 

GRIPE, n. A grasp; a squeeze; oppression. 

GRIPES, n. pi. Distress, with lax state of the bow- 
els; ropes, &c, to secure boats on deck. 

GRIPING, n. A seizing ; grasp ; distressing pain. 

+GRIPPE, n. iFr.2 Literally, a seizure; an epi- 
demic catarrh or influenza. 

+GRI-$eTTE' (gre-zSf), n. LFV.] A gay young 
work-woman in France ; a higher class of loose 
women. 

GRIS'LY, a. Horrible ; frightful ; terrible. 

GRi'SONS, n. pi. Inhabitants of the Eastern Swiss 
Alps. 

GRIST, n. Corn ground, or corn for grinding at 
one time ; supply ; profit ; gain. 

GRIS'TLE (gris'sl), n. Cartilage ; a firm substance. 

GRlST'LY (grls'ly), a. Consisting of gristle; like 
gristle; tough. 

GRiST'-MILL, n. A mill for grinding grain. 

GRIT, n. The coarse part of meal ; used also for 
firmness and strength of character, [sandiness. 

GRIT'TI-NESS, n. The quality of being gritty ; 

GRIT'TY, a. Full of sand or small, hard particles. 

GRiZ'ZLE, n. A gray color. [or. 

GRlZ'ZLi'D (griz'zld), a. Gray; of a mixed col- 

GRIZ'ZLY, a. Gray ; somewhat gray. 

GRIZ'ZLY-BEAR, n. A ferocious bear of western 
North America. 

GRoAN, n. A deep mournful sound uttered in 
pain or anguish ; v. i. to utter groans. 

GRoAN'ING, n. Act of uttering groans ; lament- 
ation ; the cry of the buck ; a low creaking sound, 
as of a tree. 

GROAT (grawt), n. Fourpence sterling; a pro- 
verbial name for a small sum. 

GROATS (grawts), n. pi. Oats that have the hull 
taken off. 

GRo'CER, n. A dealer in sugar, tea, spices, &c. 

GRo'CER-Y, n. The goods sold by grocers; a gro- 
cer's store. [ened. 

GR6G, n. Spirit and water mixed but not sweet- 

GR6G'GER-Y, n. A place Avhere grog and other 
liquors are drank. 

GRoG'GY, a. Noting a horse that trots in a hob- 
bling manner; tipsv; drunken. 

GRoG'RAM, n. A thick stuff of silk and hair. 

GROIN, n. The depressed part of the human body 
between the belly and the thigh ; an angular 
curve made by the intersection of two arches. 

GROINS D, a. Having an angular curve made by 
the intersection of two arches. 

GROOM, n. One who tends horses; a servant; 
in England, an officer of the king's household; a 
newly-married person. 

GROOM'IN G, n. The care and feeding of horses. 

GROOVE, n. A furrow ; a channel or long hollow 
cut by a tool ; a shaft or pit sunk in the earth ; 
v. t. to cut a furrow or channel. 

GRoPE, v. i. To feel along ; to search or attempt 
to find by feeling in the dark ; to seek blindly 
and without knowledge. [ly. 

GRoP'ING-LY, ad. By feeling along, as if blind- 

GRoSS, a. Thick; bulky; corpulent; stupid; 
coarse; indelicate; enormous; whole; entire. 

GROSS, n. The whole bulk ; twelve dozen. 

GRoSS'LY, ad. Coarsely ; palpably ; shamefully. 

GRoSS'NESS, n. Thickness; fatness; coarseness; 
indelicate plainness. 

GRoSS'-W EIGHT', n. Weight of goods, includ- 
ing barrel, bag, &c, opposed to net weight. 

GRoT'TO, pi Gkot'toesI n ' A Cavem ; a Cave ' 



GRO-TkSQUE' (gro-tesk'), a. Wildly formed; 
whimsical: ludicrous; odd. 

GRO-TeSQUE'LY, ad. Fantastically. 

GRO-T£SQUE'NESS,n. State of being grotesque. 

GROUND, n. The upper part of land ; soil ; foun- 
dation ; first principles ; in sculpture, the sur- 
face from which the figures in relief rise ; in ar- 
chitecture, the face of the scenery or country 
round. 

GROUND, v. t. To lay on the ground ; to found ; 
to settle in first principles; to fix firmly; v. i. to 
run aground ; to strike the bottom. 

GROUND'AgE, n. A tax on a ship for her place 
while in port. [ing. 

GROUND'-FLoOR, n. The lower story of a build- 

GROUND'LESS, a. Void of foundation ; false. 

GROUND'LESS-LY, ad. Without just cause. 

GROUND'LESS-NESS, n. Want of just cause. 

GROUND'LING, n. One of the vulgar; a fish that 
keeps to the bottom. 

GROUND'-PLaN, n. The plan of the lower story 
of a house, level with the ground. 

GROUND'-PLoT. n. The site of a building. 

GROUND-RENT, n. Rent for building ground. 

GROUNDS', n. pi. Dregs ; lees, as coffee-grounds. 

GROUND'SEL, ) n. The timber of a building 

GROUND'-SILL, j which lies next the ground ; 
the sill. 

GROUND'-SWeLL, n. The swell or rolling of bil- 
lows from beneath, while the surface is not agi- 
tated. 

GROUND'-WoRK (-wurk), n. Foundation; the 
basis ; first principle. 

GROUP (groop), n. A cluster; crowd; throng; 
assemblage of figures. 

GROUP (groop), v. t. To form a cluster; to unite 
in an assemblage. 

GROUSE, n. A heath-cock ; cock of the woods. 

GROUT, n. Coarse meal ; pollard ; a thin, coarse 
mortar for filling up interstices; also a mixture 
of plaster and fine stuff for finishing off ceilings. 

GRoVE, n. A small wood or cluster of trees ; a 
place set with trees. 

GRoV'FL (grov'vl), v. i. To creep on the earth; 
to cringe or be mean. 

GR5V'i?L-ER (grov'vl-er), n. One who creeps; 
an abject wretch. 

GRoW (gro), v. i. ipret. Geew ; pp. Geown.] To 
vegetate ; to advance ; to increase ; to improve. 

GRoW, v. t. To raise ; to produce. [duces. 

GRuW'ER (gro'er), n. One who grows or pro- 

GROWL, n. The murmur of a dog. 

GROWL, v. i. To grumble ; to snarl ; to murmur ; 
v. t. to express by growling. 

GROWL'ER, n. One that snarls or murmurs. 

GRoWTH (groth), n. Increase of size; vegeta- 
tion; produce; progress. 

GRuB, n. A small worm ; a dwarf. 

GRuB, v. t. To dig; to remove by digging ; most- 
ly followed by up; to grub up is to dig by the 
roots with an instrument ; v. i. to be occupied in 
digging. 

GRuB'-STREET, n. Originally a street in Lon- 
don inhabited by mean Amters ; hence used of 
mean writings, as a Grub-street poem. 

GRuDgE, v. t. To envy the enjoyment of anoth- 
er ; to give or take reluctantly ; v. i. to murmur 
or repine; to be reluctant; to be envious. 

GRuDgE, n. An old quarrel ; secret enmity ; un- 
willingness to benefit. — Syn. Aversion; dislike; 
ill-will ; hatred ; spite ; pique. [lv. 

GRuDg'ING-LY, ad. With grudging; reluctaht- 

GRu'EL, n. Food made of meal boiled in water. 

GRCFF, a. Stern ; surly ; rough ; grurn. 

GRuFF'LY, ad. With surliuess ; roughly. 

GRC'FF'NESS, n. Surliness; moroseness. 

GR6M, a. Morose; sullen; deep in the throat. 

GRuM'BLE, v. i. To mutter; to murmur; to 
growl. 

GRdM'BLER, n. One who mutters or complains. 



dove, avolf, uoox ; eule, eull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as en ; this. "** Ao£ English. 



GHU 



190 



GUN 



GRuM'BLING, n. Murmurs; complaint. 

GRuME, n. Clotted blood ; thick matter. 

GRuM'LY, ad. Morosely; with a sour counte- 
nance. 

GRu'MOUS, a. Clotted; consisting of grume. 

GRuNT, v. i. To utter a deep sound, like a hog. 

GRuNT, n. The guttural sound of a hog. 

GUaTA-CUM (gwa'ya-kum), n. The resin of 
lignum vitse, much used for rheumatism, &c. 

GUa'NO (gwa'no), n. A rich manure ; the dung 
of sea-fowls, &c. 

GUAR-AN-TEE' (gar-an-tee'), n. A surety for per- 
formance by a third person ; one by whom a guar- 
anty is made; v. t. to warrant; to make sure; 
to indemnify. [This is the prevalent spelling.] 

GUAR'AN-TOR, n. A warrantor. 

GUAR'AN-TY (gar'an-ty), v. t. To warrant; to 
undertake for the performance of an agreement. 

GUaR'AN-TY, n. One who wan-ants; an under- 
taking for the performance by another person. 

GUaRD (gard), n. Preservation or security 
against loss, injury, or attack; that which se- 
cures or defends ; a body of men for security or 
protection; a chosen portion of troops; a posture 
of defense. — Syn. Defense ; shield ; protection ; 
safeguard; convoy; escort; care; watch; heed. 

GUaRD, v. t. To secure against injury or harm ; 
to protect from malevolent attacks ; to accompa- 
ny for protection ; to fasten by binding ; v. i. to 
■watch by way of caution ; to be in a state of de- 
fense or safety. — Syn. To watch ; defend ; shield ; 
keep; protect; cover; convoy. 

GUaRD'ED-NESS, n. Caution; circumspection. 

GUXRD'I-AN (giird'e-an), n. One who has the 
care of another ; a defender. 

GUaRD'I-AN, a. Guarding; protecting. 

GUXRD'I-AN-SHIP, n. The office of a guardian. 

GUaRD '-ROOM, n. A room in which guards 
lodge. i 

GUaRD'-SHIP, n. A ship to defend a harbor. 

GUa'VA, n. A tree of warm climates from whose 
fruit is made a rich jelly. 

GuD'gEON (giid'jun), n. A fish ; a person gulled ; 
a pin on which a wheel turns ; a clamp on which 
the rudder of a ship turns. 

GuD'gEON, v. t. To cheat or gull. > 

GUe'BERJ n. A name by the Mohammedans 

GUe'BRE,) for the Persian fire-worshipers, also 
called Parsees in India. 

GUeR'DON (giir'don), n. A reward or recompense. 

GUER-RiL'LA (ger-ril'la), a. A term applied to an 
irregular mode of warfare. 

GUeSS, v. t. or i. Literally, to cast or cast for- 
ward in one's mind; hence, to attempt to hit 
upon at random, as to guess at a thing when 
blindfolded ; to conjecture or form an opinion on 
hidden or very slight grounds, as to guess a rid- 
dle, to guess out the meaning of an obscure pas- 
sage. — Syn. To think ; reckon. — It is a gross vul- 
garism to use the word guess, not in its true and 
specific sense, but simply for think or believe, as, 
"I guess the mail has arrived;" "I guess he is 
at home." It is equally vulgar to use reckon in 
the same way, as, "I reckon the mail has ar- 
rived;" "I reckon he is at home." These words 
are the shibboleth of the North and the South in 
this country. It would be better for each (in or- 
der to avoid so gross a vulgarism) to drop en- 
tirely its peculiar and abused term, substituting 
therefor some such word as think, believe, imag- 
ine, fancy, &c. 

GUeSS, n. A conjecture; surmise. 

GUeST, n. A stranger entertained ; a visitor. 

GUeST'-CHaM-BER, n. A place for guests. 

GUID'ANCE, n. The act of guiding; direction; 
government; care. 

GUiDE, v. t. To lead; to direct; to instruct. 

GUIDE, n._ One who shows the way; a director. 

GUlDE'-PoST, n. A post where roads part, de- 
signed to direct travelers. 



GUILD (gild), n. A fraternity; society. 

GUILD'-JIALL, n. The hall where a guild meet; 
the great court of judicature in London. 

GUiLE, n. Cunning; craft; deceit. 

GUlLE'FUL, a. Deceitful; crafty; artful; treach- 
erous ; intended to deceive. 

GUILE'LESS, a. Void of guile; artless; sincere. 

GUILE'LESS-NESS, n. Simplicity ; artlessness. 

GUIL'LO-TI'NE (gil'lo-teen),^*. A machine for be- 
heading persons. 

GUIL'LO-Ti'NE, v. t. To behead with a guillo- 
tine. 

GUILT (gilt), n. Criminality and liableness to 
punishment. — Syn. Ill-desert; offense; crime; 
sinfulness; wickedness. 

GUILT'I-LY, ad. With guilt; criminally. 

GUILT'I-NESS, n. Criminality ; the state of be- 
ing guilty. 

GUILT'LESS, a. Free from criminality ; innocent. 

GUILT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from guilt. 

GUILT' Y (gilt'y), a. Criminal ; wicked ; corrupt ; 
conscious. 

GUIN'EA (gin'ny), n. A former English gold coin, 
value 21 shillings, or somewhat more than five 
dollars. 

GUIN'EA-FOWL,) n. A fowl of a bluish-gray 

GUIN'EA-HeN, j color spotted with white, 
from Africa. 

GUIN'EA-PIG, ft. A small quadruped of the 
cavy kind, from Brazil. 

GUiSE, n. Manner ; custom ; garb. 

GUIT-aR' (git-tiir'), n. A stringed instrument of 
music. 

GuLCH, n. A ravine. [Used in California.] 

GOLF, n. A deep recess in the sea ; abyss ; whirl- 
pool ; a deep place in the earth ; an eddy ; any 
thing insatiable. 

GuLF'Y, a. Full of gulfs ; deep. 

GuLL, n. A marine fowl of several species; one 
easily cheated ; a trick ; fraud. 

GuLL, v. t. To cheat; to trick; to defraud. 

GuL'LET, n. The passage for food into the stom- 
ach. 

GUL-LI-BIL'1-TY, n. Ease of being gulled; cre- 
dulity. 

GuL'LY, n. A channel worn by water; a large 
Scotch knife. 

GuL'LY, v. t. To wear a channel by water. 

GuLP, v. t. To swallow eagerly ; to disgorge. 

GuLP, n. A swallow; a disgorging. 

GuM, n. The fleshy substance that incloses the 
teeth ; mucilage of vegetables hardened. 

GuM, v. t. To smear or close with gum. 

GuM-aR'A-BI€, n. A white gum from the aca- 
cia in Arabia, &c. 

GuM'BO, n. A dish made of young okras, with 
salt and pepper, stewed in butter. 

GuM' La€. See Lac. 

GUM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing gnm. 

GuM'MI-NESS, n. Quality of being gummy. 

GCM'MY ' » a ' ' Like gum ' viscous 5 adhesive. 

GuMP, n. A silly person. 

GuMP'TION, n. Shrewdness ; skill. [Provincial 

in England.} 
GuM-TRAG'A-CANTH, n. A gum of a thorny 

shrub of that name in the East. 
GuM'-TREE, n. The popular name of the black 

gum, one of the largest trees in the Southern 

States. 
GuN, n. A fire-arm ; cannon ; musket, &c. 
GuN'-B5AT, n. A boat or small vessel fitted to 

carry a gun or two at the bow. 
GuN'-€oT'TON, n. A highly explosive substance, 

made by soaking cotton, &c, in nitric and sul- 
phuric acids. 
GuN'-MeT'AL, n. An alloy of copper or tin. 
GuN'NER, n. One who manages guns; a naval 

officer having charge of the ordnance. 
GuN'NER- Y, n. The art and science of firing guns. 



a, S, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, -what; theee, teem; marine, eied; move, 



gun 



191 



HAG 



GuN'NING, n. Act of hunting or shooting. 

GuN'POW-DER, n. A composition of saltpeter, 
sulphur, and charcoal, mixed, dried, and granu- 
lated. 

GuN'SHOT, n. The reach or range of a shot or 
ball ; a. iftade by the shot of a gun. 

GuN'SMITH, n. A man who makes guns. 

GuN'STOCK, n. The stock or wood in which the 
barrel of a gun is fixed. 

GuN'TER'S SCALE, n. A fiat rule two feet long, 
marked with graduated lines, for solving ques- 
tions in arithmetic and geometry, &c. 

GuN'WALE, ) (gun'nel), n. The upper part of a 

GuN'NEL, j ship's side. 

GuR'GLE (gur'gl), v. i. To run, as water, with a 
purling noise ; to run in a broken current. 

GuRG'LING, n. A runniug with a noisy, broken 
current. 

GOSH, v. i. To rush out, as a fluid ; to flow copi- 
ously. — Syn. To flow. — To gush is to break forth 
with violence ; to floio is to move on gently with 
little or no opposition. The fountain gushes 
from beneath the rocks, and flows quietly away 
in a winding stream. 

GuS'SET, n. A piece of cloth for strengthening a 
garment. 

GuST, n. Pleasure ; sense of tasting ; taste ; a sud- 
den blast of wind. 

GuS'TA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to taste. 

GuS'TO, n. Relish ; taste. 

GuST'Y, a. Tempestuous; subject to blasts of 
wind. 

GOT, n. The intestinal canal of an animal ; v. t. 
to take out the entrails or contents. 

GuT'TA PiiR'CHA, n. A substance exuding like 
India-rubber from certain trees in Asia, and used, 
when hardened, for the same purposes. 

+GuT'TA SE-Re'NA, n. [L.] Blindness occa- 
sioned by a palsied retina ; amaurosis. 

GuT'TER, n. A passage for water ; v. t. to form 
in hollows or channels; v.i. to be hollow; chan- 
neled ; to run in drops or hollows as a candle. 

GuT'TUR-AL, n. Belonging to the throat ; deep 
in sound; n. a letter pronounced in the throat. 

GuT'TUR-AL-LY, ad. In or with the throat. 

GuT'TUR-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being 
guttural. 

GUY (gy), n. A rope to steady a thing in hoisting 
or lowering. 

GuZ'ZLE, v. i. To swallow much or frequently. 

GuZ'ZLER, n. One who guzzles ; a toper. 

GYBE (jibe), v. t. To shift a boom-sail from one 
side of a vessel to another. 

gYM-Na'SI-ARCH, n. An officer who provided 
for the gymnasium. 

gYM-Na'SI-UM, n. ; pi. gym-na'si-ums or gym-na'- 
si-a. A place of exercise ; a school. 

GiM'NAST (jim'nast),) n. One who teaches or 

GYM-NAS'TIC, J learns gymnastic exer- 

cises. 

GYM-NAS'TIC, a. Pertaining to athletic exer- 
cises for health, &c. 

GYM-NAS'TICS, n. pi. The art of performing 
athletic exercises. 

GYM-NoS'O-PHIST, n. A barefooted and almost 
naked philosopher of India. [female. 

G?N'AR-CHY (jin'ar-ky), n. Government by a 

GY\P'SE-OUS (jlp'se-us),t a. Partaking of the 

GY'P'SlNE, j qualities of gypsum. 

GYP'SUM (jip'sum), n. A mineral used as a ma- 
nure; sulphate of lime ; plaster of paris. 

GYP'SY. See Gipsy. 

6y'RAL, a. Whirling; moving round. 

GV'RaTE, v. t. To revolve round a central point, 
as a_toraado. 

6y-Ra'TI0N, n. A whirling; circular motion. 

Gy'RA-TO-RY, a. Moving in a circle. 

Gt'irFAL-€ON (jer'faw-kn), n. A kind of hawk. 

GYVE (jive), n. Gyves are fetters for the legs; v. 
t. to shackle; to fetter; to chain. 



H. 



The letter JJ is not strictly a vowel or a consonant, 
but the mark of a stronger emission of breath 
than that which precedes the utterance of any 
other letter. It is sometimes mute, as in honor, 
and when united with g, as in right. 

H'A.ex. denoting surprise, joy, or grief. 

+Ha'BE-aS OoR'PL'S, n. A writ to deliver a 
person from false imprisonment. 

HaB'ER-DASH-ER, n. A dealer in small wares, 
as thread, &c. 

HaB'ER-DASH-ER-Y, n. Goods of a haberdasher. 

HA-BeR'gE-ON, n. Armor covering the neck and 
breast. 

HA-BiL'I-MENT, n. Dress; clothing. 

HaB'IT, 11. [L. habeo.] Literally, what we have; 
hence, temperament of body or mind ; aptitude 
for any thing gained by practice; dress or garb ; 
a lady's riding-dress. — Syn. Custom. — Habit is 
an internal principle which leads us to do easily, 
naturally, and with growing certainty, what we 
do often ; custom is external, being the frequent 
repetition of the same act. The two operate re- 
ciprocally on each other. The custom of giving 
produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion 
promote the custom of going to church. Custom 
supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes 
of procedure ; habit is a law of our being, a kind 
of "second nature" which grows up within us. 

HaB'IT, v. t. To clothe ; to equip. 

HaB'IT-A-BLE, a. That Qan be inhabited. 

HaB'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being hab- 
itable. 

HaB'IT-AN-CY, n. Legal settlement. 

HaB'IT-ANT, n. A dweller; an inhabitant. 

HaB'I-TAT, n. In natural histortj, the natural 
locality of an animal or a plant, &c. 

HaB-I-Ta'TION, n. A place of abode ; a resi- 
dence; a settled dwelling ; a mansion. 

HA-BIT'fj-AL (-bit'yu-al), a. Acquired by habit; 
according to habit. — Syn. Inveterate ; customa- 
ry; accustomed; usual; common. 

HA-BiT'u-AL-LY, ad. With frequent practice. 

HA-BiT'u-aTE, v. t. To accustom ; to use often. 

HaB'I'TuDE, n. Internal state going out in acts ; 
customary mode of life. 

*HAC-I-eN'DA, n. {.Sp.J An isolated farm-house 
or plantation. 

HaCK, v. t. To cut awkwardly or into small 
pieces ; to speak with stops or hesitation ; v. i. 
to be exposed for common use for hire ; to 
cough ; to hawk, which see. 

HaCK, n. A horse or coach kept for hire ; a 
notch ; a cut ; a writer employed in drudgery of 
book-making. 

HaCK'BER-RY, n. An American tree. 

HaCK'LE (hak'kl), v. t. To comb flax or hemp ; 
to tear asunder. 

HaCK'LE, n. A hatchel ; raw silk ; any flimsy 
substance unspun; a fly for angling. 

HaCK'LY, a. Rough; broken, as if hacked. 

HaCK'MA-TACK, n.' The American larch, high- 
ly prized for timber. 

HaCK'NEY (hak'ny), n. ; pi. Hack'kets. A pad ; 
a nag ; a pony ; a horse or coach for hire ; a 
hireling. 

HaCK'NEY, v. t. To use much ; to make trite. 

HaCK'NEY, a. Let out for hire ; common ; pros- 
titute. 

HaCK'NEY-CoACH, n. A coach kept for hire. 

HaCK'NEY^D (hak'nid), a. Used much; accus- 
tomed. 

HaD'DOCK, n. A sea-fish allied to the cod. 

Ha'DeS (ha'dez), n. The region of the dead. 

HaDJ'i, 11. A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca. 

HAFT (6), n. Handle, as of a sword ; the hilt. 

HAG, n. An ugly woman ; a fury; a witch. 

HAG'GARD, n. Any tiling wild or ugly ; a hawk. 



COVE, AVOLF, LOOK ; BULK, liU 



vi"cious. — e as k ; Gas j; s as z ; cfi as su ; Tins. * Not English. 



HAG 



192 



HAN 



HAG'GARD, a. Ugly ; deformed : lean. 
HAG'GARD-LY, ad. In an ugly manner. 
HAG'GES,{ n. A pudding containing the en- 
HAG'GIS, j trails of a lamb, chopped fine with 

herbs and spices, and boiled in the maw ; a mess 

of meat, chopped and inclosed in a membrane ; 

a sheep's head and pluc'k minced. 
HAG'GISH, a. Of the nature of a hag. 
HAG'GLE, v. t. To mangle in cutting; to tear. 
HAG'GLE, v. i. To be difficult in bargaining ; to 

hesitate ; to cavil. See Higgle. 
HAG-I-oG'RA-PHY, n. \ Literally, holy writ- 
HAG-1-oG'RA-PHA, n. pi. ) ings ; that part of the 

Old Testament which is not embraced by the 

Law and the Prophets. 
HA-HA, ? n. A fence or bank sunk in a slope 

HAW-HAW,j so as not to be seen till just as 

reached. 
HaIK, n. A piece of cloth worn by Arabs over 

the tunic; hyke. [the air. 

HaIL, n. Little masses of ice which fall from 
HaIL, v. t. To call ; to salute ; v. i. to fall as in 



HaIL, int. Be well ; a term of salutation. 

HaIL, n. _ A wish of health ; salutation. 

HaIL'SToNE, n. A single mass of ice falling. 

HAIR (4), n. A small animal filament or a mass 
of such ; any thing very fine ; a trifling value ; 
course; order. 

HAIR'-BReADTH (-bnvdth), n. The diameter of 
a hair ; a very small distance. 

HAIR'-OLoTH, n. Cloth made of hair. 

HAIR'I-NESS, n. State of being hairy. 

HAIR'LESS, a. Destitute of hair ; bald. 

HAIR'-PiN, n. A pin used in dressing the hair. 

HAIR'-SPLiT-TING, n. The act or practice of 
making very minute distinctions. 

HAIR'-STRoKE, n. A very fine line or stroke in 
writing or drawing. 

H AIR' Y, a. Full of hair ; made of hair. 

HaKE, n. A kind of sea-fish allied to the cod. 

HAL'BERD (hol'berd), n. A military weapon 
with an iron head. 

HAL'CY-ON (hal'se-on), a. Peaceful ; undisturb- 
ed, as halcyon days; seasons of peace and tran- 
quillity ; so called from the halcyon or kingfisher, 
which was supposed to lay its eggs only at a time 
of perfect calm. 

HaLE, a. Sound ; strong ; robust. 

HaLE or HALE, v. t. To drag. See Haul. 

HALF (haf), n. ; pi. Halves. One of two equal 
parts of a thing. [parent. 

HALF -BL60D (hiif'blud), n. A relation by one 

HaLF'-€aSTE, n. In India, one bom of a Hin- 
doo and a European. 

HaLF'-MOON, n. The moon when half illumin- 
ated ; a crescent or outwork in fortifications. 

KaLF'-PaY, n. Half the amount of wages. 

HALF'PEN-NY (hap'pen-ny or ha'pen-ny), n. A 
copper coin, value of half a penny. 

HaLF'-PiKE, n. A small pike carried by officers. 

HaLF'-SEAS o'VER, a. Half drunk ; tipsy. 

HALF'- WaY, a. Equally distant from the ex- 
tremes ; ad. at half the distance. 

HaLF'-WiT-TED, a. Foolish; silly; weak. 

HAL'I-BUT (hol'e-but), n. A large flat fish that 
swims on its side. 

HALL, n. Entrance of a house ; a large room ; a 
court ; a manor house ; a collegiate body in a uni- 
versity. 

HAL-LE-Lu'IAH,? ,, , lo ,.,,> jn. Praise ye 

HAL-LE-Lu'JAHJ * al - le " lu ? ah) ' j the Lordf 

HAL'LIARDSJ n. pi. Ropes to raise or lower a 

HAL'YARDS, f sail. 

HAL-LOO', v. i. To cry out ; to exclaim. 

HAL-LOO', v. t. To encourage with shouts; to 
call or shout to ; to chase with shouts. 

HAL-LOO', ex. To excite attention. 

HAL'LoW, v. t. To consecrate ; to keep sacred ; 
to reverence. 



HaL'LoW-E'EN, n. All Hallows eve, or Nut- 
crack-night, the evening preceding the feast of 
All Souls. 

HAL'Lq W-MASS, n. The feast of All Souls. 

HAL-Lu-CI-Na'TION, n. A diseased state of the 
mind or imagination; delusion; error. 

Ha'Lo, n. ; x>l- HI'los. A circle round the sun 
or moon. 

Ha'LOID, a. Resembling a salt. 

HALS'ER. See Hawser. 

HALT (hawlt), v. i. To limp ; to stop ; to hesitate ; 
to falter ; v. t. to cause to cease marching. 

HALT, a. Lame ; limping; n. a stopping; a limp- 
ing ;' a stop in marching. 

HALT'ER, n. One who halts ; a rope or strap and 
head-stall for a horse; a rope for hanging. 

HALT'ER, v. t. To put a halter on ; to confine. 

HALT'ING, n. A stopping; a limping. 

HALVE (hav), v. t. To divide into two equal parts. 

HAM, n. The*hind part of the knee ; the thigh of 
a beast; the thigh of a hog salted and smoked. 

HAM'A-DRY-AD, n. A wood-nymph. 

Ha'Ma-TED, a. Hooked ; armed with hooks. 

HaMES (hamz), n. pi. Two pieces of wood or iron 
fixed to a horse's collar. 

HAM'LET, n. A village or small cluster of houses. 

HAM'MER, n. An instrument for driving nails, 
&c. 

HAM'MER, v. t. To beat or drive with a ham- 
mer ; to forge ; to work hard in the mind, &c. 

IIAM'MER-€L6TH, n. The cloth that covers a 
coach-box. [hammering. 

IIAM'MER-HaRD, n. Iron or steel hardened by 

HAM'MOCK, n. A hanging bed used in ships. 

Ha'MOUS, a. Having the end curved, [ters, &c. 

HAM'PER, n. A covered basket for carriage ; fet- 

HAM'PER, v. t. To shackle; to perplex; to en- 
tangle ; to hinder. 

HAM'STRING, n. The tendons of the ham. 

HAM'STRING, v. t. To cut the tendons of the ham. 

HAND, n. The extreme part of the arm ; pointer 
of a clock or watch ; manner of writing ; a meas- 
ure of four inches ; agency ; conveyance ; manner 
of acting ; a person employed. 

HAND'-BALL,_w. A game of ball with the hand. 

HAND'-BAR-RoW, n. A barrow borne by two 
persons. 

HAND'-BOOK, n. A manual ; a guide-book. 

HAND '-BReADTI-I (-brudth), n. A space of the 
breadth of the hand. 

HAND'ORAFT, \ n. Work performed by the 

HAND'I-€RAFT,j hands; trade or skill in me- 
chanic art. [facturer. 

HAND'ORAFT'S-MAN, n. A workman; manu- 

HAND'CUFF, n. A manacle of iron rings for the 
wrists connected by a chain. [irons. 

HAND'GUFF, v. t. To confine the hands with 

HAND'FU L, n. As much as the hand can hold ; a 
small quantity. 

HAND'-GAL-LOP, n. A gentle, easy gallop. 

HAND'I-LY, ad. Skillfully ; easily. [ance. 

HAND'I-NESS, n. Ease or dexterity in perform- 

HAND'I-WGRK, ? , ~ vV . jn. Work done by 

HAND'Y-WORK,f ( * WU1M ' \ the hand ; work 
by power and wisdom. 

HAND'KER-CHIEF (hank'er-chif), n. A piece 
of cloth used for the face or neck ; neck -kerchief. 

HAN'DLE, v. t. To touch; to manage; to wield; 
to treat of ; to deal with. 

HAN'DLE, n. The part by which a thing is held ; 
a thing used ; instrument for a purpose. 

HAND'LING, n. The act of using the hand; 
touching ; treating in discussion ; in painting or 
other art, the management of the pencil, &c. 

HAND'MaID, \n. A female servant; 

HAND'MaID-I?N (-ma-dn), j a waiting-maid. 

HAND'-MiLL, n. A mill moved by the hand. 

HAND'-RaIL, n. A rail supported by balusters, 
as in a staircase. 

HAND'-SAW, n. A saw used by one hand. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — case, fak, last, fall, what; tiieke, teem; marine, bied; move, 



HAN 



193 



HAR 



HAND'SOME (han'suin), n. Originally, dextrous ; 
suitable ; hence, becoming ; moderately beautiful ; 
suitably large, as a handsome offer or estate. — 
Syn. Pretty; elegant; graceful. See Beautiful. 

HaND'SoME-LY, ad. Dextrously; gracefully. 

HAXD'SGME-NESS, n. Dexterity; gracefulness; 
ease and propriety. 

HAND'-SPlKE, n. A small wooden lever. 

HAXD'WRIT-ING, n. The form of writing pecu- 
liar to a person. 

HAND'Y, a. Ready; dextrous, convenient. 

HANG, v. t. \_pret. and pp. Hanged or Hung.] To 
suspend; to put to death on a gallows; to fix in 
such a manner as to be movable ; v. i. to be sus- 
pended; to dangle; to depend; to hover. 

HAXG'DoG, n. A term of reproach for one of a 
base and degraded character. [hangs. 

HAXG'ER, n. A short broad-sword; one that 

HAXG'ER-6N, n. A dependent; one that besets 
another. [hanging; display. 

HAXG'IXG, n. Drapery hung to walls; act of 

HANG-'MAN, n. A public executioner. 

HAXG'-XaIL, n. A siiver of skin that hangs 
from the root of the nails. 

HAXK, n. Several skeins of thread tied together; 
a small bundle ; a wooden ring fixed to a stay to 
confine the sails. 

H AXK'ER, v. i. To long for ; to have eager desire. 

HAXK'ER-IXG, n. An eager craving of appetite. 

HAXSE-AT'IC, a. Relating to the Hanse towns, 
so called, as associated for protection of com- 
merce, &c. 

HAP, n. That which happens or comes suddenly 
or unexpectedly. — Syn. Chance; accident; for- 
tune; casual event; misfortune. 

HAP-HAZ'ARD, n. Chance ; accident. 

HaP'LESS, a. Unhappy ; unfortunate. 

HAP'LY, ad. Perhaps ; it may be. 

HAP'P.E'X (hap'pn), v. i. To fall out; to come to 
pass ; to come unexpectedly. 

HAP'PI-LY, ad. By good fortune; with success; 
in a happy state; with address, &c, to secure 
success. — Syn. Fortunately ; luckily ; prosperous- 
ly; dextrously; felicitously. 

HAP'PI-NESS, n. State of enjoyment ; unstudied 
grace; good luck; good fortune. — Syn. Felicity; 
blessedness ; bliss. — Happiness is generic, and is 
applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except 
that of the animal appetites ; felicity is a more 
formal word, and is used more sparingly in the 
same general sense, but with elevated associa- 
tions; blessedness is applied to the most refined 
enjoyment arising from the purest social, benev- 
olent, and religious affections ; bliss denotes still 
more exalted delight, and is applied more ap- 
propriately to the j oy anticipated in heaven. 

HAP'PY, a. Being in the enjoyment of good; 
having success ; having some possession of good ; 
supplying or giving pleasure; enjoying the pres- 
ence of God hereafter. — Syn. Fortunate; pros- 
perous; successful; propitious; felicitous; bless- 
ed; blissful. ' 

HA-RAXGUE' (ha-rang'), n. A fervid public ad- 
dress. — Syn. Speech ; oration — Speech is gener- 
ic ; an oration is an elaborate and prepared 
speech ; a harangue is a vehement appeal to the 
passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A 
general makes a harangue to his troops on the 
eve of a battle ; a demagogue harangues the pop- 
ulace on the subject of their wrongs. 

HA-RANGUE', v. t. or i. To address with great 
fervor ; to hold forth with vehemence, as a gen- 
eral to his troops on the eve of battle. 

HA-RAXG'UER (ba-rang'er), n. One who ha- 
rangues; a noisy declaim er. 

HAR'ASS, v. t. To fatigue with bodily labor ; to 
fatigue with care, importunity, or perplexity. — 
Syn. To tire ; weary ; perplex ; tease ; vex ; mo- 
lest; disturb. [tease. 

HAR'ASS-IXG, a. Annoying; tending to annoy or 



HXR'BIN-&ER, n. A forerunner; precursor. 

HaR'BIN-gER, v. i. To precede another, or come 
as a harbinger. [or safety. 

HaR'BOR, n. A haven for ships ; a place of rest 

HaK'BOR, v. t. To lodge; to shelter; to protect. 

HXR'BOR-ER, n. One who receives and protects. 

HAR'BOR-LESS, a. Without a harbor. 

HAR'BOR-MAS-TER, n. An officer who regulates 
the mooring of ships in a harbor, &c. 

HARD, a. Not easily penetrated or separated; 
not easy to the intellect ; not easy to be done; at- 
tended with difficulty, &c. ; not readily moved or 
excited; not prosperous; difficult in bargains. — 
Syn. Compact; solid; difficult; laborious; ardu- 
ous; painful; distressing; harsh; rough; cruel; 
unfeeling; pressing; austere; close; coarse, &c. 

HARD, ad. Close ; nearly ; with assiduity ; with 
difficulty ; violently ; with force. 

HaRD'JS'N (hiir'dn), v. t. To make harder; to 
make firm ; v. i. to become hard, or more hard ; 
to grow unfeeling, &c. 

HaRD'-FeAT-uR.ED, ) a. Coarse in features; 

HaRD'-ViS-AGuED, j of a harsh, stern face. 

HaRD'-FiST-ED, a. Close-fisted ; covetous. 

HXRD'-HAXD-ED, a. Having tough hands. 

HaRD'-HEaRT'ED, a. Inhuman; unfeeling. 

HaRD'-HEaRT'ED-NESS, n. Want of tender- 
ness; cruelty. [ry. 

H aRD'I-HOOD, n. Boldness with firmness ; brave- 

HARD'I-LY,'ad. With great boldness; stoutly. 

HARD'I-NESS, n. Boldness ; firm intrepidity ; as- 
surance. 

HXRD'LY, ad. With difficulty ; scarcely ; severe- 
ly; coarsely; unwelcomely; grudgingly. 

HaRD'-MOUTHJS'D (-mouthd), a. Not easily 
reined. 

HXRD'NESS, n. Firm texture ; difficulty to be un- 
derstood or done ; confirmed wickedness ; cruelty 
of temper; severe labor. — Syn. Compactness; dif- 
ficulty; obduracy; impenitence; severity; sav- 
ageness; harshness; hardship. 

HARDS, n. pi. The coarse part of flax ; tow. 

HaRD'SHIP, n. Severe toil ; oppression. 

HaRD'WARE, n. Wares made of iron, steel, &c. 

HaRD'Y, a. Strong; brave; bold; enduring fa- 
tigue. 

HARE (4), n. A small timid animal. 

HARE'BELL, n. A plant with a blue flower. 

HARE'BRaIX.E'D (-brand), a. Wild; giddy; vol- 
atile, [ful. 

HARE'-HEART-ED, a. Timid; timorous; fear- 

HARE'LIP, n. A divided lip, like a hare's. 

HA'REM (ha'rem or har'em), n. A place in East- 
ern dwelling-houses allotted to the women. 

+HAR'I-€oT (har'i-ko), n. [Fr.] A kind of ra- 
gout of roots and meat ; the kidney-bean. 

HAR'I-ER, n. A dog for hunting hares. 

HARK, v. i. To hear ; to listen. 

HaR'LE-QUIX (har'le-kin) , n. A buffoon ; a mer- 
ry-andrew. 

HaR-LE-QUIN-aDE' (har-le-kin-ade'), n. Exhibi- 
tions of harlequins ; feats of buffoonery. 

HaR'LOT, n. A lewd woman ; a prostitute ; 0. 
wanton; lewd; base. 

HAR'LOT-RY, n. The practice of lewdness. 

HARM, n. Injury; hurt; evil; wickedness. 

HARM, v. t. To injure; to hurt. 

HAR-MAT'TAN, n. A parching wind from the in- 
terior of Africa. 

HXRM'FUL, a. Hurtful ; injurious; mischievous. 

HARM'LESS, a. Doing no harm; not receiving 
damage; not guilty of crime or wrong. — Syn. In- 
nocent; inoffensive; unoffending. 

HARM'LESS-LY, ad. Without hurt; innocently. 

HARM'LESS-NESS, n. Quality of being innox- 
ious; innocence; freedom from tendency to hurt 
or guilt. 

H AR-MoX'IC, \ a. Concordant ; consonant ; 

HAR-MoN'IC-AL,/ musical. 

HXR-M6N'I€-AL-LY, ad. Musically. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; RULE, BULL '. 



vi cious. — o as k ; 

N 



as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + Kot English. 



HAK 



194 



HAU 



HXR-MoN'ICS, n. pi. The science of musical 
sounds; consonances. 

HXR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Adapted to each other ; Avith 
parts proportioned to each other; agreeing to- 
gether. — Syn. Accordant ; symmetrical ; peace- 
ful ; friendly. 

HaR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, ad. With concord ; music- 
ally. 

HaR'MO-NIST, n. A composer or performer of 
music; one who seeks to reconcile and arrange 
corresponding passages of Scripture. 

HaR'MO-NIZE, v. i. To be in concord ; to agree ; 
to be at peace; v. t. to adjust in fit proportions; 
to cause to agree; to make musical. 

'HaR'MO-NY, n. Adjusted proportions; musical 
concord ; accordance in facts or views,; a literary 
work which brings together passages, and shows 
their consistency. — Syn. Melody. — Harmony re- 
sults from the concord of two or more musical 
strains which differ in pitch and quality; the 
term may also be applied to sounds which are not 
musical. Melody denotes the pleasing alterna- 
tion and variety of musical and measured sounds, 
as they succeed each other in a single verse or 
strain. "Harmonious accents greet my ear;" 
" Sing me some melodious measure." 

HaR'NESS, n. Armor; furniture for a horse, &c. 

HaR'NESS, v. t. To dress in armor; to equip; to 
put on harness. 

HARP, n. A stringed instrument of music ; a con- 
stellation ; v. i. to play on a harp ; to dwell on. 

HXRP'ER, n. One who plays on a harp. 

HaR-POON', n. A barbed spear for whaling; a 
harping-iron. 

HaR-POON', v. t. To strike or kill with a harpoon. 

HaR-POON'ER, n. One who uses a harpoon. 

HaRP'SI-CHORD (-kord), n. A large instrument 
of music with strings of wire, played on by keys. 

HaR'PY, n. A fabulous winged animal; an ex- 
tortioner; a plunderer. 

HAR'RI-DAN, n. A decayed lewd woman. 

HAR'RI-ER, n. A hunting dog with keen scent. 

HaR'RoW, n. An iron-toothed instrument to break 
up and prepare land. 

HaR'RoW, v. t. To break or level down with a 
harrow; to tear; to ravage; to harass. 

HIR'EoW-ER, a One who harrows; a hawk. 

HAR'RY, v. t. To pillage; to harass; to tease. 

HARSH, a. Rough to the touch, taste, or feel- 
ing-. — Syn. Rugged; sour; austere; rude; rig- 
orous; grating. 

HXRSH'LY, ad. Roughly; sourly; rudely; with 
grating sound; severely. 

HXRSH'NESS, n. Roughness to the touch, the 
taste, or ear; roughness of temper in manner or 
in words. — Syn. Ruggedness; sourness; discord; 
crabbedness; moroseness; peevishness; rude- 
ness ; severity ; coarseness. See Acrimony. 

HaRS'LET, ) n. The heart, liver, and lights of a 

HaS'LET, j* hog. 

HART, n. A stag or male deer. 

HXRTS'HORN, n. Horn of harts; sal-ammonia. 

HAR'UM-SC AR'UM, a. Wild ; precipitate ; giddy. 

HA-RuS'PiCE (-rus'pis), n. A foreteller of events 
by inspecting the entrails of beasts. 

HAR'VEST, n. The season for gathering ripe 
grain ; the crop gathered ; effects ; consequences ; 
the proper time. 

HaR'VEST, v. t. To gather a ripe crop. 

HXR'VEST-HoME, n. Time of harvest; a song. 

HXR'VEST-MOON, n. The moon near its full at 
the time of the autumnal equinox, when it rises 
at nearly the same hour for several nights. This 
is the period of harvest in England (whence its 
name), though not in America. 

HaR' VEST-QUEEN, n. An image of Ceres, car- 
ried about on the last harvest-day. 

HASH, v. t. To mince ; to dress in small bits. 

HASH, n. Minced meat or meat and vegetables. 

HASP, n. A clasp for a staple. 



HAS'SOCK, n. A mat to kneel on in church. 

HASTE, n. Celerity of motion or action ; sudden 
excitement ; state of being pressed by business. — 
Syn. Hurry; speed; dispatch. — Haste denotes 
quickness of action and a strong desire (lit, heat) 
for getting on ; hurry includes a confusion and 
want of collected thought not implied in haste ; 
speed denotes the actual progress which is made; 
disjwtch, the promptitude and rapidity with which 
things are done. A man may properly be in 
haste, but never in a hurry. Speed usually se- 
cures dispatch. 

HaSTE, \ v. i. or t. To move fast ; to be rapid 

HaS'TSN,] in motion; to be speedy or quick. 

HaS'TI-LY, ad. In haste ; rashly ; passionately. 

HaS'TI-NESS, n. Speed; rashness; irritability. 

HaS'TY, a. Quick; speedy; passionate; rash; 
forward. 

HXS'TY-PUD-DING, n. A pudding made of the 
meal of maize moistened with water and boiled. 

HAT, n. A cover for the head. 

HATCH, v. t. To produce young from eggs; to 
contrive or plot ; to cross with lines in drawings 
or engravings; v. i. to produce, brood over, or 
raise young. [egg. 

HATCH, n. A brood ; act of exclusion from the 

HATCH'EL, n. An instrument to clean flax. 

HATCH'EL, v. t. To draw flax or hemp through 
the teeth of a hatchel ; to vex. 

HATCH'ES, n. pi. The opening in a ship's deck ; 
the grate or cross-bars over the opening in the 
deck ; hatch-bars ; flood-gates. 

HATCH'ET, n. A small ax with a short handle. 

HATCH'ING, n. The production of young from 
eggs ; in drawing, &c. , making lines crossing each 
other at more or less acute angles ; in heraldry, 
the several colors of a shield. 

HATCH'MENT, n. In heraldry, a funeral escutch- 
eon suspended in front of a house to denote death. 

HATCH'WaY, n. The opening in a ship's deck. 

HaTE, v. t. To dislike greatly.— Syn. Abhor; de- 
test; loathe. — Hate is generic ; to loathe is to re- 
gard with deep disgust; to abhor is to contem- 
plate with horror ; to detest is to reject utterly, as 
if testifying against. 

HaTE, ) n. The feeling of great dislike or 

Ha'TRED,/ aversion, as to any person or thing. 
— Syn. Enmity ; ill-will ; animosity ; rancor ; de- 
testation; loathing; abhorrence; antipathy. 

HaT'ED, a. Disliked; greatly abhorred. 

HaTE'FUL, a. Exciting great dislike, aversion, 
or disgust; that feels hatred. — Syn. Odious; ex- 
ecrable; abhorrent; repugnant; malignant. 

HaTE'FUL-LY, ad. With great dislike; malig- 
nantly ; ' maliciously. 

HaTE'FU L-NESS, n. Quality of being hateful. 

Ha'TRED, a Extreme dislike ; settled enmity. — 
Syn. Animosity; hostility; resentment; anger. 

HAT'TER, n. A maker of hats. 

HAU'BERK, n. A coat of mail without sleeves. 

HAUGH (haw), n. A little low meadow. 

HAUGH'TI-LY, ad. With pride and contempt. 

HAUGH'TI-NESS (haw'ty-), n. Quality of being 
haughty ; pride with contempt. — Syn. Arrogance; 
disdain. — Haughtiness denotes the expression of 
conscious and proud superiority; arrogance is a 
disposition to claim for one's self more than is 
justly due, and to enforce it to the utmost; dis- 
dain is the exact reverse of condescension toward 
inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to 
feel how far below ourselves we consider them. 

. A person is haughty in disposition and demeanor; 
arrogant in his claims of homage and deference; 
disdainful even in accepting the deference which 
his haughtiness leads him arrogantly to exact. 

HAUGH'TY (haw'ty), a. Having a high opinion 
of one's self with contempt for others ; lofty and 
overbearing; disposed to dictate. — Syn. Proud; 
disdainful; arrogant; scornful; imperious. 

HAUL, v. t. To draw with force ; to drag. 



1, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, par, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



HAU 



195 



HEA 



HAUL, n. A pulling with force; a dragging; 
draught of a net. 

HAULM,) n. The straw of beans or peas; straw; 

HAUJI, ] the dry stalks of grain in general. 

HXTJNCH, ft. That part of the body which lies 
between the last ribs and the thigh ; the hip. 

HXUNT (hiint), v. t. To frequent ; to intrude on ; 
to disturb ; v. i. to be much about ; to visit or be 
present often. 

HXUNT, ft. A place of frequent resort. 

H XUNT'ED, a. Frequently visited by apparitions ; 
troubled by frequent visits. 

HaUNT'ER, w. One that frequents a particular 
place. 

IIACT'BOY (ho'boy), ft. A wind instrument of 
music ; a species of strawberry. 

+HAU'TEUE (ho'taur), ft. [Fr.] Pride or haugh- 
tiness. 

HAVE, v. t. \_pret. and pp. HId.] To possess; to 
hold ; to obtain ; to enjoy ; to bring forth ; to 
contain ; to maintain ; to be under necessity. 

Ha'YEJN (hit'vn), ft. A harbor; a safe place; a 
place of shelter. 

HaV'ER-SACK, n. A soldier's knapsack. 

HaV'OO, ft. Ravage; slaughter; wide and gen- 
eral destruction ; v. t. to lay waste ; to destroy ; 
to ravage. 

HaV'0€, ex. Originally an exciting cry in hunt- 
ing, then a war-cry and signal for slaughter. 

HAW, n. The berry and seed of the hawthorn; 
hesitation in speech. 

HAW, v. i. To hesitate in speaking. 

HAW-HAW. Sec Hatia. 

HAWK, ft. A genus of birds, mostly rapacious ; an 
effort to force up phlegm in the throat. 

HAWK, v. t. To catch by means of hawks ; to 
' force phlegm from the throat ; to cry goods. 

HAWK'ER, n. One who hawks goods in the 
streets. 

HA WK'ETJ?D (-ide), a. Having acute sight. 

HAWKING, ft. The taking of wild fowls by 
means of hawking ; the effort to force phlegm up 
in the throat ; the offering of goods for sale by a 
cry. 

HAWSE'-HoLE, ft. A hole in the bow of a ship 
through which the cable passes. 

HAWSER, ft. A small cable or large rope. 

HAWTHORN, ft. The thorn that bears haws, 
used for hedges ; the white thorn. 

HaY, ft. Grass dried for fodder ; v. i. to dry and 
cure grass. 

HaY'OOCK, ft. A pile of hay in the field. 

HaY'ING, n. The act of making hay; time for 
doing it. [ting hay. 

HaY'-KNIFE (ha'nlfe) , ft. An instrument for cut- 

HaY'-LoFT, ft. A scaffold for hay. 

HaY'-MOW, ft. A mow of hay in a barn. 

HaY'RICK, ) ft. A stack or large conical pile 

HXY'STACKJ of hay. 

HaY'WARD, ft. One -who guards fences, and pre- 
vents or punishes trespasses of cattle. 

HAZ'ARD, ft. Risk of loss; danger; chance; a 
game. See Danger. 

HAZ'ARD, v. t. To expose to chance or to dan- 
ger; to venture; to incur or bring on. — Syn. To 
risk; adventure; jeopardize; peril; endanger. 

HAZ'ARD-OUS, a. That exposes to peril or dan- 
ger of loss. — Syn. Perilous ; dangerous ; immi- 
nent; bold; daring; venturesome; precarious. 

HaZ'ARD-OUS-LY, ad. With danger of loss or 
inj ury. 

HaZE, ft. Fog ; mist ; vapor in the air. 

HaZE, v. i. To be thick with mist, &c. ; v. t. to 
urge, drive, or harass with labor. 

HA'Zi?L (ha'zl), ft. A shrub bearing a nut; a. 
like a hazel-nut ; br*wn. 

Ha'ZjE L-NuT (hii'zl-), ft. The nut or fruit of the 
hazel. 

Ha'ZY, a. Thick with vapor or mist, but not as 
damp as foggy ; cloudy. 



He, pron. of the third person, masculine gender, 
referring to some man or male beforenamed, &c. 

HEAD (hed), ft. The upper part of the body; 
countenance; understanding; topic; a chief; an 
individual ; top or height ; front or forepart ; 
source or origin. 

HeAD (hud), v. t. To lead; to lop; to top; to go 
in front of; to oppose; v. i. to originate; to 
spring or have its source ; to be directed ; to form 
a head. 

HeAD'a€HE (hud'ake), n. Pain in the head. 

HeAD'-DReSS (hed'-), ft. The dress of the head. 

HeAD'-GeAR, 11. A dress for women's heads. 

HeAD'I-NESS (hed'e-ness), ft. Rashness; precip- 
itation ; obstinacy. 

HeAD'ING (hud'ing), ft. That which stands at 
the head ; title ; timber for the heads of casks. 

HeAD'LAND (hed'-), ft. A promontory; land at 
the end of furrows or near a fence unplowed. 

HeAD'LESS (hed'less), a. Having no head ; with- 
out a leader. 

HeAD'LONG, a. Rash ; precipitate ; ad. with the 
head foremost ; rashly ; hastily. 

HeAD'MAN (hCd'man), ft. A chief; a leader. 

HeAD'PIeCE, ft. Armor for the head ; a helmet ; 
force of mind. 

HeAD-QUAR'TERS (hrd-kwar'terz), ft. pi. The 
quarters of a chief commander, or places from 
which orders issue. 

HeAD'-SeA, ft. Waves that meet at the head and 
roll against the course of a ship. 

HeAD'SHIP, ft. Authority; chief place. 

HeAD'-SPRiNG, ft. Fountain; origin; source. 

HeAD'STALL, ft. Part of a bridle for the head. 

HeAD'SToNE, ft. The chief or corner stone ; the 
stone at the head of a grave. 

HeAD'STRONG (hed'-), a. Bent on pursuing his 
own way or will ; directed by or proceeding from 
ungovernable obstinacy. — Syn. Violent ; obsti- 
nate ; intractable ; stubborn ; venturesome. 

HeAD'WaY (hCd'-J, ft. Motion of an advancing 
ship; progress. 

HeAD'-WIND (bed'-), ft. A wind which blows in 
an opposite direction from the ship's course. 

He AD'Y (hSd'y), a. Rash ; hasty ; stubborn ; in- 
flamed; violent. 

HeAL, v. t. To cure; to reconcile; to forgive; to 
purify; v. i. to grow sound. 

HeAL'A-BLE, a. That which may be healed. 

HeALDS, ft. pi. The harness for guiding the 
warp threads in a loom. 

HEALTH (helth), n. Sound state of body ; sound 
state of the mind or heart; salvation or divine 
favor. 

HeALTH'FUL (helth'ful), a. Being in a sound 
state; free from disease; salubrious; well-dis- 
posed ; promoting spiritual life. 

HeALTH'FUL-LY, ad. In a wholesome manner. 

HeALTH'FUL-NESS, ft. State or qualities of be- 
ing healthy'. 

HeALTH'I-LY, ad. Without disease. 

HeALTH'I-NESS, ft. State of being in health. 

HeALTH'Y (helth'y), a. Being in a sound state ; 
conducive to health. — Syn. Vigorous ; sound ; 
hale ; well ; wholesome ; salutary. 

HEAP, ft. A pile ; crowd or throng ; a mass of 
ruins. [to. 

HeAP, v. t. To pile; to amass; to lay up; to add 

HEAR, v. t. To perceive by the ear; to attend to; 
to obey; to try a cause; v. i. to enjoy the sense 
of hearing ; to listen ; to be told ; to receive by 
report. 

HEARD (herd),^>r^. and pp. from Hear. 

HeAR'ER, ft. One who hears ; an auditor. 

HeAR'ING, ft. The sense of perceiving sounds ; 
attention to what is delivered within reach of the 
ear or what it can hear; judicial trial. 

HEaRK'1?N (hiir'kn), v. i. To listen; to give 
heed ; to obey. 

HeAR'SaY, n. Report; rumor. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vi"cioijs.— € as k; g as j; s as z; ch as sh ; mis. * Not English. 



HEA 



196 



HEE 



HeARSE (herse, 13), n. A carriage for conveying 
the dead. [or coffin. 

HeARSE'CLoTH, n. A cloth to cover the hearse 

HE XRT (hart) ; n. The organ of the blood's mo- 
tion ; the chief part ; inner part ; seat of the af- 
fections; courage; disposition; secret purposes; 
thoughts ; conscience ; affections ; strength ; in 
composition, used to signify chief, or relating to 
mind or affections. 

HEaRT'aCHE (hart'ake), n. Deep sorrow ; grief; 
anguish of mind. 

HEXRT'-BRo-K^N (-bro-kn\ a. Most sorrow- 
ful ; smitten with anguish. 

HEaRT'-BuRN, n. A disease of the stomach. 

HEaRT'-BuRN-ING, n. Discontent; secret en- 
mity. 

HEaRT'.Z?N, v. t. To encourage ; to incite ; to 
restore strength to. 

HEaRT'-FeLT, a. Affecting the heart; sincere; 
deeply affecting. 

HEaRTH (hiirth), n. Place on which a fire is 
made ; fireside home. [The pronunciation hurth 
is wholly without authority.] 

HEaRTH'-SToNE, n. Stone forming the hearth ; 
fireside. 

HEaRT'I-LY (hart'e-ly), ad. From the heart ; sin- 
cerely, [ness. 

HEaRT'I-NESS (hart'-), n. Sincerity; earnest- 

HEaRT'LESS (hart'-), a. Spiritless ; void of cour- 
age or affection. 

HEXRT'LESS-LY (hart'-), ad. Without courage 
or spirit. 

HEXRT'LESS-NESS (hart'-), n. Want of courage 
or spirit ; destitution of feeling or affection. 

HEaRT'-ReND-ING (hart'-), a. Overpowering 
witli anguish. 

HEaRT'-SeARCH-ING (hart'siirch-ing),a. Search- 
ing the secret thoughts and purposes. 

HEaRT'-SiCK, a. Pained or depressed in mind; 
deeply afflicted. 

HEaRT'~SiCK'.#N-ING, a. Causing poignant 
sorrow ; depressing. 

HEXRT'-STRiNG, n. Tendon of the heart. 

HEXRT'-WHoLE (hart'-hdle), a. Sound; not 
broken-hearted. 

HEXRT'Y (hiirt'y), a. Having the heart engaged ; 
proceeding from the heart; full of health or 
strength. — Syn. Cordial ; sincere. — Hearty im- 
plies honesty and simplicity of feelings and man- 
ners ; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness 
with which the feelings are expressed; sincere 
implies that this expression corresponds to the 
real sentiments of the heart. A man should be 
hearty in his attachment to his friends, cordial in 
his reception of them to his house, and sincere in 
his offers to assist them. 

HEAT, n. Caloric, or the cause of the sensation 
of heat; the sensation produced by the access of 
caloric to the organs of the body; hot air or 
weather; effort; ardor; vehemence. 

HeAT, v. t. To make hot ; to inflame ; to excite ; 
v. i. to grow warm or hot ; to be excited. 

HeAT'ER, n. A thing that heats; a utensil. 

HEATH, n. A shrub; a place overgrown with 
heath or shrubs. 

HEA'T Hi?N (53) (he'thn), n. A pagan ; a gentile ; 
one who has not revelation ; a. gentile ; pagan. 

HEA'TH^N-DoM (he'thn-dum), n. That part of 
the world where heathenism prevails. 

HEA'THJ£N-ISH (he'thn-), a. Like heathens; 

HeA'TH^N-ISM (he'thn-), rc. Paganism; rude- 
ness ; ignorance of the true God ; idolatry. 

HeATH'ER (heth'er), n. Heath. 

HeATH'ER-BeLLS, n. pi. The blossoms of the 
heather. 

HeATH'Y, a. Abounding with heath. 

HeAT'ING, a. Imparting or promoting heat ; n. 
state of being heated; the act of producing heat. 

HeAVE (heev), v. i. \_pret. Heaved or Hove ; pp. 



Heaved or Hoven.] To lift ; to swell ; to pant ; 

to cast ; to vomit ; v. t. to cause to swell ; to lift ; 

to raise by windlass. 
HeAVE, n. A rising ; swell ; distention of the 

breast; exertion of effort upward. 
HEAV'i^N (hev'vn), n. The aerial heavens ; the 

starry heavens; and the heaven of heavens, or 

the third heaven, the residence of Jehovah ; the 

region of the air; expanse above: place of the 

blessed ; the Supreme Power ; God in heaven ; 

heathen deities ; sublimity. 
HEAV'i? N-LY (hev'vn-), a. Pertaining to heaven ; 

resembling heaven ; inhabiting heaven. — Syn. 

Celestial; godlike; angelic; spiritual; blissful. 
HeAV'j&N-WARD, ad. Toward heaven. 
HEAVE'-oF'FER-ING, n. Among the Jews, an 

offering made to God by elevating toward Him. 
HeAVES (heevz), n. A disease of horses, marked 

by difficult breathing. 
HeAV'I-LY (hev'e-ly), ad. With great weight ; 

grievously; slowly. 
HeAV'I-NESS, n. Weight; affliction; dullness; 

thickness; deepness; foulness. 
HeAV'Y (hev'y), a. Weighty ; grievous ; dull ; 

slow; dense; turbid; clammy; violent. 
HEB-DoM'A-DAL, \ a. Weekly ; occurring ev- 
HEB-D 6M'A-D A-RY, / ery week. 
HEB-DO-MaT'I€-AL, a. Weekly. 
HeB'E-TaTE, v. t. To blunt : to make dull ; to 

stupefy._ 
HeB'E-TuDE, n. Bluntness; dullness; stupidity. 
HE-BRa'IC, a. Pertaining to the Hebrews. 
He'BRA-ISM, n. A Hebrew idiom or speech. 
He'BRA-IST, n. One versed in the Hebrew lan- 
guage. 
HE-BRA-iST'PC, a. Pertaining to Hebrew. 
He'BREW, n. A Jew ; the language of the Jews ; 

a. relating to the Jews. 
HeC'A-ToMB (-toom), n. A sacrifice of a hund- 
red oxen. 
*He€'TARE, n. A French measure of 100 ares, 

or nearly two and a half acres. 
HECTIC, a. Habitual ; noting a slow, continued 

fever, &c. ; n. an habitual fever, preceding or at- 
tending consumptions. 
HeC'TO-GRAM, \n. A French weight of 
*HEC'TO-GRAMME,f 100 grammes, or about 

three and a half ounces avoirdupois. 
HEC-ToL'I-TER, \ n. A French measure of 100 
1-He€'TO-Li-TRE, / litres, or a little more than 

22 English imperial gallons. 
HEC-ToM'E-TER, \ n. A French linear meas- 
+He€'TO-ME-TRE,J ure of 100 metres, or over 

328 English feet. 
HeC'TOR, n. A bully ; one that teases ; v. t. to 

threaten ; to tease : v. i. to play the bully ; to 

bluster. 
HeC'TOR-ING, a. Bullying; blustering; vexing. 
HeD'DL# S (hed'dlz), n. The harness for guiding 

the warp in a loom. 
HeDgE (hej), n. A thicket of shrubs and trees ; a 

fence. 
HeDgE, v. t. To make a hedge ; to inclose ; to 

fence; to protect; v.i. to skulk; to bet on both 

sides. [prickles. 

HeDgE'HOG, n. A quadruped covered with 
HeDg'ER^m. One that makes hedges. 
HeDgE'RoW, n. A series of shrubs for a fence. 
HEED, n. Care ; attention ; caution. 
HEED, v. t. To mind ; to regard ; to observe ; v. 

i. to mind ; to consider. 
HEED'FUL, a. Attentive ; watchful ; cautious. 
HEED'FU L-LY, ad. With caution ; carefully. 
HEED'FUL-NESS, n. Care to guard against 

danger ; ' circumspection ; vigilance. 
HEED'LESS, a. Careless ; negligent ; thoughtless. 
HEED'LESS-LY, ad. Carelessly ; negligently ; 

inattentively. 
HEED'LESS-NESS, n. Thoughtlessness. 
HEEL, n. The hind part of the foot or of a stock- 



a, e, &c. long.— 1, e, &c, short. — care, fak, last, fall, what; theke, teem; marine, bird; move, 



HEE 



197 



HEN 



ing ; something shaped like a heel ; the latter 
part, as of a session ; lower end of a stern-post, 
or mast. 

HEEL, v. i. To dance ; to lean ; to incline ; to 
add a piece to the heel. 

HEEL'PIeCE, n. Armor for the heel ; piece of 
leather on the heel of a shoe. 

HEEL'TAP, n. A piece of leather added to the 
heel of a shoe; the liquor left in a glass after 
drinking. 

HEEL'TAP, v. t. To add leather to the heel ; to 
put a spur on a cock's leg. 

HeFT, n. "Weight ; ponderousness ; a handle ; a 
shaft, [lifting. 

HeFT, v. t. To try the weight of any thing by 

HE-Gi'RA, n. The flight of Mohammed from 
Mecca, July 16, 622, from which the Mohammed- 
ans reckon years. 

HeIF'ER (hcf'er), n. A young cow. 

HEIGH'HO (ha'ho), im. An expression of slight 
languor or uneasiness. 

HEIGHT (hlteU n. Elevation; altitude; high- 

HiGHT, f ness ; any elevated ground ; 

excellence ; eminence ; utmost degree. 

HEIGHTEN (hl'tn) > v. t. To raise higher ; to 

HiGHT'j&N, j advance in progress to 

a better state; in painting, to make prominent 
by touches of light or brilliant colors, as opposed 
to shades. 

HEIX'OUS (ha'nus), a. Characterized by great 
wickedness. — Syn. Hateful ; enormous ; atro- 
cious ; flagrant : flagitious. 

HEIX'OUS-XESS (ha'nus-), n. Enormity ; odi- 
ousness. 

HEIR (are, 12). n. He who inherits by law. 

HeIR'-AP-PAR'ENT, n. He who is entitled to 
ascend the throne on the death of the sovereign. 

HEIR'DOM (are'dum), n. Succession by inherit- 
ance, [law ; a female heir. 

HeIR'ESS (ar'ess), n. A woman who inherits by 

HeIR'-LOOM (are'-loom), n. Any furniture or 
movable which descends to the heir with the 
house. 

HeIR'-PRE-SuMP'TIVE, n. One who, if the an- 
cestor should die, immediately would be heir. 

HftlR'SHIP (are'ship), n. State, character, or priv- 
ileges of an heir ; right of inheritance. 

He'LI-A€, T a. Emerging from or passing in- 

HE-L!'A€-AL, j to the light of the sun. 

HeL'1-CAL, a. Spiral ; winding ; moving around. 

HeL'I-COX, n. A mountain in Bceotia, in Greece, 
from which flowed a fountain, and where resided 
the Muses. 

HE-LI-O-CeX'TRIC, a. Noting the position of 
a heavenly body seen from the sun. 

HE-LI-oL'A-TRY, n. The worship of the sun. 

HE-LI-6M'E-TER, n. A divided object-glass or 
micrometer for measuring the apparent diame- 
ter of the sun or other celestial bodies. 

He'LI-O-STAT, n. An instrument used in optical 
experiments to fix the position of the solar rays. 

He'LI-O-TRoPE, n. The sun-flower ; also a min- 
eral of the quartz kind; blood-stone. 

HE-LI-SPHeR'IC-AL, a. Winding spirally round 
a sphere; noting a rhomb line. 

He'LIX, n. ; pi. He-li'ces. A spiral line ; a wind- 
ing; a coil of wire in magnetico-electric experi- 
ments ; the reflected margin of the external ear. 

HELL, n. The place of the damned; the grave; 
the place of departed spirits; the infernal pow- 
ers ; a prison ; a gambling-house. 

HeL'LE-BORE, n. The name of several poison- 
ous plants ; the Christmas rose. 

HEL-Le'NI-AN,? _ 

HEL-LeX'IC, j a 

HeL'LEX-ISM, n. A Greek phrase or idiom. 

HeL'LEN-IST, n. A Jew who used the Greek 
language. 

H£L'LEN-TZE, v. i. To use the Greek language. 

HeLL'-HOUXD, n. An agent of hell. 



Pertaining to Greece. 



HfiLL'ISH, rt. Infernal ; malignant ; detestable ; 
most wicked. [if from hell. 

Hf:LL'ISH-LY, ad. With extreme malignity; as 

HeLL'ISH-XESS, n. Infernal disposition or wick- 
edness; the state or qualities of hell or its in- 
habitants. 

HeLM, n. A helmet ; instrument for steering a 
ship ; station of government or place of direction. 

HeLM, v. t. To cover with a helmet; to guide. 

HeLM'ET, n. Armor for the head; a head-piece. 

HeLM'S'-MaN, n. The man at the helm; one 
who guides or directs. 

He'LOT, n. A slave in ancient Sparta. 

He'LOT-ISM, n. The slavery of the Helots. 

HELP, v. t. To aid; to assist; to heal; to sup- 
ply ; to prevent. 

HeLP, v. i. To lend aid; to contribute assistance. 

HELP, n. Aid; assistance; support; relief; a 
servant. 

HeLP'ER, n. One who yields assistance. 

HeLP'FUL, a. Affording aid; assisting to pro- 
mote an object. — Svn. Auxiliary; assistant; use- 
ful ; salutary ; wholesome. 

HeLP'FUL-NESS, n. Assistance ; usefulness. 

HeLP'LESS, a. Destitute of help or means of re- 
lief; wanting in strength or ability. 

HeLP'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of strength. 

HeLP'MaTEJ t 

HeLP'MEFT f n ' companion ; a helper. 

HeL'TER-SKeL'TER, ad. In a state of hurry 

and confusion. 
HELVE, n. Handle of an ax or hatchet. 
HELVE, v. t. To furnish with a handle. 
HEL-VeT'IC, a. Pertaining to the Swiss. 
HeM, n. The border of a garment doubled and 

sewed to strengthen it ; sound of the voice in the 

word hem. 
HeM, v. t. To fold and sew down the edge of cloth ; 

to edge ; to confine. 
HeM, v. i. To make the sound of the word hem. ' 
HeM'A-TiTE, n. A common ore of iron, being a 

native oxyd. 
HeM'i, in compound words, signifies half. 
HeM'i-PLE-gY, n. Palsy on one side of the body. 
HeM'i-SPHeRE (hem'e-sfere), n. The half of a 

sphere. 
HEM-i-SPHeR'I€, \a. Being or containing 
HEM-i-SPHeR'IC-ALJ half a sphere. 
HeM'i-STICH (hem'e-stik), n. Half a verse, or a 

verse not completed. 
HeM'i-ToXE, n. A halftone; a semitone. 
HeM'LOCK, n. A poisonous plant ; a species of 

evergreen of the fir kind. 
HE-MoP'TY-SIS, n. A spitting of blood. 
HeM'OR-RHAgE (hem'or-raj), n. A flowing of 

blood from a ruptured vessel, &c. 
HEM-OR-RHOID'AL, a. Consisting in a flux of 

blood ; pertaining to hemorrhoids. 
HEM'OR-RHOIDS (hem'or-roidz), n. The piles; 

emerods. 
HeMP, n. A plant whose skin is used for cloth 

and ropes; dressed fibers of the plant. 
HeMP'J^N (hem'pn), a. Made of hemp. 
HeN, n. The female of any kind of fowl, especial- 
ly of the domestic fowl. 
HeX'BaXE, n. A poisonous plant ; hyoscyamiis. 
HeXCE, ad. From this place or time ; from this 

cause or source. 
HeXCE'-FoRTH, ad. From this time forth. 
HeXCE-FoR'WARD, ad. From this time for- 
ward. 
HeXCH'MAX, n. A servant ; a page. 
HEX-DeC'A-GOX, n. In geometry, a figure of 

eleven sides and angles. 
HEX-Di'A-DYS, n. In grammar, a figure where 

the same idea is expressed by two different words 

or phrases. 
HeX'-HEaRT-ED, a. Timorous ; cowardly. 
HEX'XA, n. A tropical shrub; the paste from it, 

used for staining the nails, beard, &c. 



dove, -wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"ciors. — € as K ; G 



s as z ; en as su ; this. 



Not English. 



HEN 



198 



HES 



HeN'-PeCIL#D (-pekt), a. Governed by the wife. 

HE-PaT'IC, a. Pertaining to the liver. 

HEP-A-TI-Za-TION, n. Conversion of the lungs 
into a liver-like substance. 

HeP'TaDE, n. The sum or number of seven. 

HeP'TA-GLOT, n. A book of seven languages. 

HeP'TA-GON, n. A figure of seven sides and an- 
gles ; a place that h is seven bastions. 

HEP-TaG'ON-AL. a. Having seven sides and an- 
gles. 

HEP-TaN g 'GU-LAR (hep-tung'gu-lar), a. Having 
seven angles. 

HeP'TaRCH-Y, n. Government of seven kings. 

HER (13), pronoun in the objective case, third per- 
son, feminine ; adjectively, belonging to a female. 

HeR'ALD, n. An officer, anciently, to proclaim 
war or peace; one who regulates public ceremo- 
nies, &c. ; a register of genealogies ; a harbinger ; 
forerunner; a publisher, as of another's fame. 

HeR'ALD, v. t. To introduce as by a herald. 

HE-RaL'DI€, a. Pertaining to heraldry. 

HeR'ALD-RY, n. The art or practice of record- 
ing genealogies, and blazoning arms. 

HeR'ALD-SHIP, n. The office of a herald. 

HERB (arb), n. A plant with a succulent stalk, 
whicli_dies to the root yearly. 

HER-Ba'CEOUS (her-ba'shus), a. Like or relat- 
ing to an herb ; soft ; perishing yearly. 

HeRB'AgE (jrb'aje or herb'aje), n. Herbs col- 
lectively; grass; pasture. 

HeRB'AL, n. A book on plants ; collection of spec- 
imens of plants dried ; a. relating to herbs. 

IlERB'AL-IST, n. One skilled in herbs ; one who 
makes collections of plants. 

HER-Ba'RI-UM, n. ; pil. Hoeb-bX'bi-tjms or Hee- 
ba'ei-a. A collection of dried plants; a book 
used for this purpose. 

HER-BES'CENT, a. Growing into herbs. 

HER-BiF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing herbs. 

HER-BiV'O-ROUS, a. Subsisting on herbage. 

HeRB'LESS, a. Destitute of herbs. 

HeR'BO-RiZE, v. i. To seek for plants. 

HeRB'OUS, a. Abounding with herbs. 

HeRB'Y, a. Having the nature of herbs. 

HER-Gu'LE-AN, a. Like Hercules; very strong, 
great, or difficult ; of extraordinary strength, size, 
or force. [crowd. 

IIeRD (13), n. A collection of beasts ; a vulgar 

HeRD, v. i. To gather in herds, as beasts ; to as- 
sociate in companies. 

HERD, v. t. To form or put into a herd. 

HeRD'S-GRaSS, n. Name given to various grass- 
es much prized for hay, as timothy, fox-tail, &c. 

IIijRDS'MAN, n. The keeper of a herd. 

HERE, ad. In this place or state. 

SSfctSSuS-,} ad - About or nearthis place - 

IlEPvE-AFT'ER, ad. In after time. 
HeRE-aT', ad. At this time; on this account. 
HERE-By', ad. By this. 

HE-ReD'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be inherited. 
HER-E-DiT'A-MENT, n. Any property that can 

be inherited. 
HE-ReD'I-TA-RI-LY, ad. Byway of inheritance. 
HE-ReD'I-TA-RY, a. Descending by inheritance. 
HeRE-iN', ad. In this. 
HeRE-oF' (here-off), ad. Of this; from this. 

MIre-ot-'oN'} ad - 0n or u P° n this - 

HE-Re'$I-aR€H or HeR'E-SI-aRCH, n. A lead- 
er in heresy ; chief of a sect of heretics. 

H£R'E-SY, n. Error in fundamental doctrines. 

HeR'E-TIG, n. One who departs from the funda- 
mental doctrines of Christianity. — Syn. Schis- 
matic ; sectarian. — A heretic is one whose errors 
are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant charac- 
ter, tending to subvert the true faith. A schis- 
matic is one who creates a schism or division in 
the Church on points of faith, discipline, practice, 
&c, usually for the sake of personal aggrandize- 



ment. A sectarian is one who originates or pro- 
motes a sect or distinct organization which sep- 
arates from the main body of believers. Hence 
the expression, "a sectarian spirit," has a slight- 
ly bad sense, which does not attach to denomina- 
tional. 
HE-ReT'I-€AL a. Containing heresy. 



HERE-To', \ „, 
HERE-UN-To',j aa - 



To or unto this. 



HeRE-TO-FoRE', ad. In time antecedent; for- 
merly. 

IlERE-WiTH', ad. With this ; at the same time. 

HeRTT-A-BLE, a. That may be inherited. 

HeR'IT-AgE, n. Inheritance ; the people of God. 

HER-MaPH'RO-DISM, \n. Union of both 

HER-MaPH'RO-DIT-ISMJ sexes in one per- 
son, [plant of both sexes. 

HER-MaPH'RO-DiTE (her-maf-), n. A person or 

HER-ME-NEu'TIC (-rm'tik),) a. Interpreting ; 

HER-ME-NEu'TIC-AL, w j explaining. 

IIER-ME-NEu'TICS, n. pi. The art or science of 
interpretation, especially of the Scriptures. 

HER-MeT'IC, \ a. Designating chemistry; 

IIER-MET'I€-AL,j perfectly close. 

IIER-MeT'I€-AL-LY, ad. Closely; accurately. 

HeR'MIT (13), n. One who lives in solitude; a 
recluse. 

HeR'MIT-AgE, n. A hermit's dwelling. 

HeR'MIT-ESS, n. A female hermit. 

"JTIeR'NI-A, n. [£.] A rupture or protrusion of 
any organ from its natural position in the body. 

HeR'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to hernia. 

He'RO, n. ; pi. He'eoes. A brave man ; a great 
warrior ; principal personage in a poem, &c. 

IIE-Ro'IC, \ a. Becoming a hero ; relating to 

IIE-Ro'I€-AL,f a hero; productive of heroes; 
reciting exploits of heroes. — Syn. Brave; in- 
trepid; valiant; bold; gallant; fearless; noble. 

HE-Ro'IC-AL-LY, ad. Bravely; intrepidly. 

HeR'O-iNE (hur'o-in), n. A female hero. 

HeR'O-ISM, n. The spirit and conduct of a hero. 
— Syn. Courage; fortitude; bravery; valor; in- 
trepidity ; bravery ; gallantry. — Courage is ge- 
neric, denoting fearlessness of danger; fortitude 
is passive courage, the habit of bearing up nobly* 
under trials, dangers, and sufferings; bravery 
and valor are courage in battle or other conflicts 
with living opponents; intrepidity is firm cour- 
age, which shrinks not amid the most appalling 
dangers; gallantry is adventurous courage, dash- 
ing into the thickest of the fight. Heroism may 
call into exercise all these modifications of cour- 
age. It is a contempt of danger, not from ig- 
norance or inconsiderate levity, but from a noble 
devotion to some great cause, and a just confi- 
dence of being able to meet danger in the spirit 
of such a cause. 

HeR'ON, n. A long legged and necked fowl that 
lives on fish. 

HeR'ON-RY, n. A place where herons breed. 

He'RO-WOR-SHIP, n. Reverence or idolatry of 
heroes. 

HeR'PeS (her'pez), n. Tetters; an eruption of 
the skin ; erysipelas ; ring-worm. 

HER-PeT'IC, a. Pertaining to the herpes. 

HER-PE-ToL'O-gY, n. A description of reptiles. 

HeR'RING, n. A small fish, usually salted and 
smoked. 

HeR'SCHEL (her'shel), n. A planet discovered 
in 1T81 by Dr. Herschel. See Ueantjs. 

HeRSE, n. A portcullis. See also Heaese. 

HER-SeLF' (herV-lf), pron. The female in per- 
son, [ing.. 

HeS'I-TAN-CY (huz'e-tan-sy), n. Pausing; doubt- 

HeS'I-TaTE (hez'e-tate), v. i. To pause in doubt ; 
to be in suspense; to stop in speaking. — Syn. To 
waver ;_scruple ; deliberate ; falter ; delay. 

HES-I-Ta-TION (hez-e-ta'shun), n. A pausing or 
delay; doubt; a stopping in speech. 

HES-PE'RI-AN, a. Western ; being in the west 



i, e, &c, long. — a, £, &c, short. — case, fab, last, fall, what; these, tee:j; mae'ine, lied; move, 



HES 



199 



HIL 



HeS'SIAN-FLy, n. A small, very black, two- 
winged fly, most destructive to young wheat, so 
called as supposed to have been brought here by 
the Hessian troops. 

HeT'E-RO-€LiTE, n. An irregular word; any 
thing or person deviating from ordinary forms or 
rule. 

HET-E-RO-CLIT'IC, a. Irregular; anomalous. 

HeT'E-RO-DOX, a. Contrary to the Scriptures. 

HeT'E-RO-DOX-Y, n. Heresy ; doctrine contra- 
ry to the true faith or to an established church. 

II E T-E-KO-gF/NE-OUS, a. Of a different nature. 

HET-E-RO-ge'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Difference of 
nature. 

HeT'MAN, n. A Cossack commander-in-chief. 

HEW (hCO, v. t. ipret. Hewed; pp. Hewed, 
Hewn.] To cut off chips and pieces for making 
a smooth surface ; to chop ; to cut; to cut with a 
chisel ; to make smooth, as stone ; to shape out. 

HEW ER (hu'er), n. One who hews wood or stone. 

HeX'A-GON, n. A figure with six sides and an- 
gles. 

HEX-aG'O-NAL, a. Having six sides and angles. 

HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. Of the figure of a hexa- 
hedron. _ . 

HEX-A-HE'DRON, n. A regular solid body of six 
equal sides ; a cube. 

HEX-aM'E-TER, n. A poetic verse of six feet ; a. 
consisting of six metrical feet. [angles. 

HEX-AN G 'GU-LAR (ung'gu-lar), a. Having six 

HeX'A-PLA, n. A collection of the Holy Scrip- 
tures in six languages. 

HEX'A-PLAR, a. Sextuple ; having six columns. 

HEY (ha), ex. of joy or exultation. 

HEY'DaY (ha'da), ex. denoting surprise. 

HEY'DaY, n. Frolic ; merry or bright day. 

HI-a'TUS, n. A chasm; aperture; defect. 

Hi-BeR'NAL, a. Pertaining to winter. 

HI'BER-NaTE, v. i. To winter ; to pass the win- 
ter in seclusion. 

Hi-BER-Na'TION, n. The passing of animals 
through the winter, being with many a lethargic 

Hi-BeR'NI-AN, n. A native of Ireland. 

HI-BeR'XI-CISM, n. An idiom peculiar to the 
Irish. 

HICCOUGH (hik'kup), n. A spasmodic affec- 
tion of the stomach, corruptly hickiq?. 

HICCOUGH, v. i. To have a spasmodic affection 
of the stomach. 

HICK'O-RY, n. A nut-tree; a species of walnut. 

Hi-DaL'GO, n. In Spain, a nobleman of the low- 
est class. 

HID, Y a. Not seen or known ; dif- 

HiD'DJ?N (Md'dn),j ficult to be known.— Syn. 
Secret; covert. — Hidden may denote either 
" known to no one," as a hidden disease, or "in- 
tentionally concealed," as a hidden purpose of 
revenge. A secret must be known to some one, 
but only to the party or parties concerned, as a 
secret conspiracy. Covert (covered) means not 
open or avowed, as a covert plan ; the word, 
however, is often applied to what we mean to be 
understood without openly expressing it, as a 
covert allusion. Secret is opposed to known, and 
hidden to concealed. [ren. 

HID'DJ?N-LY (hid'dn-ly), ad. In a secret man- 

HIDE, v. t. Ipret. Hid; pp. Hid, Hidden.] To 
withhold or withdraw- from sight ; to keep close 
in secret or in safety. — Syn. To conceal ; secrete , 
cover; screen; shelter; protect; v. i. to lie con- 
cealed ; to keep out of sight. 

HIDE, n. The skin of a beast ; portion of land. 

HIDE AND SEEK, n. A play of children where 
some hide for one to find. 

HIDE'-BOUND, a. Having the skin too tight 

HID'E-OUS, a. Shocking to the eye or ear; ex- 
citing terror or producing disgust. — Stn. Fright- 
ful ; horrid ; terrible ; ghastly ; grim ; grizzly. 

HID'E-OUS-LY, ad. Horribly; frightfully. 



HiD'E-OUS-NESS, n. State or quality of being 
frightful. 

HlD'ING, n. Withdrawment ; concealment; with- 
holding ; a beating. 

HIE (hi;, v. i. To hasten; to move with speed. 

Hi'E-RaR€H,to. One who rules in sacred things. 

IU'E-RXRCH-AL, la. Pertaining to a sacred 

HI-E-RaRCH'IC-AL,) order or hierarchy. 

Hi'E-RXRCH-Y (hi'e-rark-y), n. Rule or domin- 
ion in sacred things; the body of persons having 
ecclesiastical authority; order of celestial be- 
ings. 

Hi-E-RaT'IC, a. Pertaining to priests ; noting an 
Egyptian mode of writing, being a conversion of 
hieroglyphics into a kind of running-hand for the 
priests. 

Hi'E-EO-GLYPH, \ n. A sacred character or 

Hl-E-RO-GLYPH'ICj symbol in ancient writ- 
ings; pictures to express historical facts. 

Hi-E-RO-GLYPH'IC, ) a. Expressive of mean- 

Hl-E-RO-GL?PH'IC-AL, j ingby characters, pic- 
tures, or figures. [eroglyphics. 

Hl-E-RoG'LYPH-IST, n. A person skilled in hi- 

Hi'E-RO-GRAM, n. A species of sacred writing. 

Hi-E-RO-GRaPH'IC, I a. Pertaining to sa- 

Hi-E-RO-GRaPH'IC-AL,C cred writings. 

Hl'E-RO-MAN-CY, n. Divination by various sac- 
rificial offerings. 

HI-ER'O-PHAMT or HI'E-RO-PHANT, n. A 
priest ; one w r ho teaches the mysteries of religion. 

HIG'GLE, v. i. To cry from door to door; to 
chaffer; to stick at a bargain. 

HIG'GLE-DY^-PIG'GLE-DY, ad. A vulgar term 
for all in confusion. [ferer. 

HIG'GLER, n. One who cries provisions; a chaf- 

HIGH (hO, a. Elevated; lofty; exalted; noble; 
mighty; strong; vivid; violent; dear; difficult; 
loud ; full ; far advanced ; extreme. 

HIGH, ad. Aloft; eminently; greatly. 

HIGH'-BLoWN, a. Full of wind ; inflated. 

HiGH'-BoRN, a. Of noble birth or lineage. 

HIGH'-CHuRCH, a. An epithet to denote those 
in the Church, especially the Episcopal, who de- 
ny the validity of the ministry of others. 

HIGH'-CHuRCH'ISM, n. The principles of the 
High-church party. 

HIGH'-CHuRCH'MAN, n. One who holds High- 
church principles. 

HIGH'-FLl-ER (hi'-), n. One of extravagant 
opinions or actions. [turgid. 

HIGH'-FLoWN (hi'-), a. Elevated ; lofty ; proud ; 

HIGH'LAND (hi'-), n. A mountainous country. 

HIGH'LAND-ER (hi'-), n. A mountain Scotch- 
man. 

HiGH'LY (hi'-), ad. With elevation ; in much es- 
teem ; in a great degree ; proudly, &c. 

HIGH -MASS (hi'-), n. The mass read before the 
high altar on Sundays and great occasions. 

HlGH'-MIND-ED (hi'-), a. Proud; arrogant; 
also having honorable pride ; not mean ; noble. 

HIGH'NESS (hi'-), n. Height; altitude; dignity 
of rank ; title of honor. 

HIGH'-PRESS-URE, n. Pressure in a steam-en- 
gine exceeding that of a single atmosphere, or 15 
lbs. to a square inch. 

HIGH'-PRIEST (hi'-preest), n. The chief priest, 
as among the Jew r s. 

HIGHT. See Height. 

HiGH'-WA'TER, n. The greatest elevation of 
tide ; the time the tide is highest. 

HIGH-WA'TER-MaRK, n. The line made on 
the shore by the highest tide. 

HiGH'WaY (hi'-), n. A public road; course; 
train of action. 

HIGH'WaY-MAN (hi'-), n. A robber on the road. 

HIGH'-WROUGHT (hi'raut), a. Highly finish- 
ed; wrought with exquisite skill; straiued or 
exaggerated. 

HI-La'RI-OUS, a. Mirthful; merry. 

Hi-LaH'I-TY", n. A pleasurable excitement of 



dove, wolf, book ; etjle, bull ; vi"ciols. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en as su 



* Aot English. 



HIL 



200 



HOB 



a. That is last or behind all 
others. 



the animal spirits. — Syn. Mirth; joyousness; 
jollity; joviality; gayety; glee. 

HILL, n. A natural elevation of land ; heap about 
maize; an eminence, &c. 

HiLL, v. t. To draw earth round plants. 

HiLL'OCK, n. A small elevation of land. 

HILL'Y, a. Abounding with hills. 

HiLT, n. The handle of any thing, as a sword. 

HIM-SfiLF', pron. emphatical, in the nominative 
or objective case. [quarts. 

HiN, n. A Hebrew liquid measure of about five 

HTND, a. Pertaining to the part which follows. 

HIND, n. Female of the red deer ; a rustic. 

HIND'ER, a. Comp. of Hind. Contrary to the 
head or fore part. 

HIN'DER, v. t. To keep back ; to prevent prog- 
ress ; to stand in the way of; v. i. to interpose ob- 
stacles. — Syn. To stop; interrupt; counteract; 
thwart ; oppose ; check ; retard ; impede ; delay. 

HIN'DER-ANCEJ n. Act of impeding or restrain- 

HiN'DRANCE, J ing motion ; that which stops 
advance. 

HrND'MoST, 

HIND'ER-MoST, . 

HiN'OU '}" n - A native of Hindostan. 

HIN'DOO-ISM,\ n. The system of religion, doc- 

HIN'DU-ISM, / trines, and rites among the 
Hindoos. 

HIN-DOO-STaN'EE, a. A term applied to the 
Hindoos or to their language. 

HINGE, n. The joint on which a door hangs; that 
on which any thing depends or turns ; to be off 
the hinges is to be in a state of disorder. 

HINGE, v. i. To hang; to rest; to depend; to 
turn, as on a hinge ; v. t. to furnish with hinges. 

HINT, v. t. To bring to mind by a slight mention 
or remote allusion ; v. i. to make a remote allu- 
sion to ; to mention slightly. — Syn. To suggest ; 
imply; insinuate; refer; allude; touch. 

HINT, n. A distant allusion ; slight intimation ; 
suggestion. See Intimation. 

HIP, n. Joint of the thigh ; low spirits ; fruit of 
the dog-rose tree ; v. t. to sprain the hip ; to de- 
press. 

HIP-PO-CeN'TAUR, n. A fabled monster, half 
man and half horse. 

HIP'PO-DRoME, n. A circus for horse-races, &c. 

HIP'PO-GRIFF, n. A fabulous monster, half 
horse and half griffin. [ses. 

HIP-P6PH'A-GOUS (-pof-), a. Feeding on hor- 

HIP-PO-PoT'A-MUS, n. The river-horse. 

HIP'-SHoT, a. Having the hip dislocated. 

HIRE, v. t. To procure for temporary use at a 
price ; to engage in service ; to bribe ; to let out. 

HIRE, n. The price or reward contracted to be 
paid for use or service. — Syn. Wages ; price ; 
compensation ; salary ; stipend ; allowance ; pay. 

HiRE'LING, n. One that is hired ; a mercenary ; 
a. serving for wages; employed for money; mer- 
cenary. 

HIR'ER, n. One who hires. 

HiR-SuTE' (hur-sute'), a. Hairy; shaggy; set 
with bristles. [iness. 

HiR-SiiTE'NESS, n. State of being hairy; hair- 

HIS'PID, a. Beset with bristles. 

HISS, v. i. To make a sibilant sound, like a ser- 
pent or goose ; to express contempt ; to whiz, as 
an arrow in passing ; v. t. to condemn by hiss- 
ing; to explode. 

HISS, n. A sibilant noise, like that of a serpent ; 
an expression of contempt used at theaters, &c. 

HISS'ING, n. A sibilant sound ; expression of con- 
tempt ; occasion of contempt ; object of scorn. 

HIST, ex. Equivalent to hush ; be silent. 
""TlIS-To'RI-AN, n. A writer or compiler of history. 

HIS-ToR'IC, i a. Pertaining to history ; con- 

HIS-TdR'IC-AL,J taining history; derived from 
historv ; representing history. [narration. 

HIS-ToR'I€-AL-LY, ad. By way of history or 



HIS-T<3R'I€-AL PaINT'ING, n. That highest 
art which can embody a story in one picture, and 
give it the charm of poetry. 

HIS-T6R'I€-AL SeNSE, n. In interpretation, 
the primary sense, deduced from a view of the 
time, place, &c, of the writer. 

HIS-TO-RI-oG'RA-PHER,?i. A writer of history. 

HIS-TO-RI-6G'RA-PHY, n. The art or employ- 
ment of writing history. 

HIS'TO-RY", 7i. ; pi. His'to-eies. A continuous 
narrative of events; an account of facts in the 
order in which they happened. — Syn. Chronicle ; 
annals. — History is a methodical record of the 
important events which concern a community of 
men, so arranged usually as to show the connec- 
tion of causes and effects. A chronicle is a record 
of such events when it conforms to the order of 
time as its distinctive feature. Annals are a 
chronicle divided out into distinct years. 

HIS-TRI-oN'IC, \ a. Pertainingtostage-play- 

HIS-TRI-oN'I€-AL.J ers; theatrical. 

HIT, v. t. [prat, and pp. Hit.] To strike or touch ; 
to fall on ; to reach ; to suit ; v. i. to meet or come 
in contact; to clash; not to miss; to succeed. 

HIT, n. Striking ; a blow ; a fortunate event ; 
striking expression or turn of thought. 

HITCH, v. t. . To catch ; to hook ; to tie ; v. i. to 
move by jerks ; to become entangled ; to be 
caught or hooked. 

HITCH, n. A knot; a noose; tie; a jerk, stop, or 
sudden halt in moving on. 

HITH'ER, ad. To this place ; used with verbs 
signifying motion. 

HITH'ER, a. Nearest ; toward the speaker. 

HITH'ER-MoST, a. Nearest this way or place. 

HITH'ER-To (-too), ad. To this time or place ; in 
any time or every time till now. [way. 

HITH'ER- WARD, ad. Toward this place ; this 

HIVE, n. A box or chest for bees to live in ; a 
swarm of bees; a society. 

HIVE, v. t. To collect or cause to enter into a 
hive ; v. i. to take shelter together ; to reside 
collectively. [rattles. 

HIVES (hivz), n.pl. The disease called croup or 

Ho \ f ™*" ( ex ^ ^ ca ^ *° exc ^ e attention. 

H5AR, \ a. Gray ; white or whitish ; moldy ; 

HoAR'Y,j mossy. 

HoARD (horde), v. t. To collect and lay up ; to 
amass ; to store secretly ; v. i. to collect and form 
a hoard ; to lav up in store. 

HoARD, n. A store or large quantity laid up. 

HoAR'-FRoST, n. White particles of ice ; frozen 
vapors or dew ; white frost. 

HoAR'HOUND, n. A bitter plant, used as a tonic. 

HoAR'I-NESS (hore'e-ness), n. Whiteness; a gray 
color. 

HoARSE, a. Having a rough voice ; harsh. 

HoARSE'LY, ad. With a hoarse, harsh voice. 

HoARSE'NESS, n. State of being hoarse ; rough- 
ness of voice. 

HoAR'Y (hdre'y), a. White or whitish. See Hoak. 

HoAX (hokes), n. Deception for sport ; trick ; 
cheat. [sport. 

HoAX, v. t. To deceive ; to play a trick upon for 

HoB, n. Flat part of a grate where things are 
placed to be kept warm ; a sprite. 

HoB'BLE, v. i. To walk lamely ; to limp. 

HoB'BLE, n. A halting walk ; perplexity. 

H6B'BLING-LY, ad. Lamely ; with halting. 

HoB'BY, n. A horse ; a hawk ; a favorite object. 

HoB'BY-HORSE, n. A wooden horse ; a favorite 
object; a stupid fellow. 

H6B'GOB-LIN, n. A fairy; a frightful apparition. 

HoB'NaIL, n. A thick-headed nail for shoes. 

HoB'NOB, acf. Take or not take ; a drinking call. 

HOB-0-M5K'KO, n. An Indian name for an evil 
spirit. 

HoB'SON'S-CHOICE, n. A choice with no alter- 
native ; this or none. 



&c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — ca.ee, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maeine, bied; move, 



HOC 



201 



HOM 



HoCK, n. The joint between the knee and fet- 
lock ; a part of the thigh ; a sort of Rhenish wine. 

HoCK'LE \ v - L To hamstriu s ; t0 hou s h - 

HoCK'EY n. A game at ball, played with a club 
curved at_the bottom. 

Ho'€US-Po'€US, n. A juggler or juggler's trick. 

H6D, n. A bricklayer's tray for carrying mortar ; 
a kind of pail for holding coal. 

HoD'D.Z?X-GRaY, a. Cloth made from wool as it 
is, without being dyed. [.Scottish.'] 

HoDgE'PoDgE, In. A mixed mass ; a medley 

HoTCH'P6TCH,f of ingredients. 

HO-DI-EE'XAL, a. Belonging to the present day. 

HoD'MAX, n. ; pi. Hod 'men. A man who carries 
mortar. 

HoE (ho), n. A farmer's tool for cutting up weeds 
and loosening the earth. 

HoE (ho), v. t. To cut or dig with a hoe ; to clear 
from weeds; v. i. to use a hoe. 

HoG, n. A swine ; a dirty fellow ; a flat scrubbing- 
broom to scrape a ship's bottom. 

HoG, v. i. or v. t. To bend as a hog's back; to 
scrape under water ; to cut the hair short. 

HoG'GISH, a. Filthy; greedy; brutish. 

HoGS'HEAD (hogz'hed), n. A measure of 63 
gallons ; applied often in America to a butt, 
-which contains from 110 to 120 gallons. 

HoG'-SKiX, n. Leather tanned from the skins 
of swine. 

HoG'STy, n. A hog-pen. 

HOI'D^N (hoi'dn), n. A rude, bold girl, cf rustic 
manners. 

HOI'D-EX (hoi'dn), a. Rude; bold; inelegant; 
v. i. to romp indiscreetly. 

HOIST, v. t. To raise; to lift; to heave up by a 
tackle, &c. ; n. a lift ; act of raising ; height of a 
flag or ensign. 

HOI'TY-TOI'TY, ex. denoting surprise. 

HoLD, v. t. ipret. Heli> ; pp. Held, Holdex.] 
To stop ; to restrain ; to grasp ; to confine ; to 
possess ; to receive ; to keep ; to continue ; v. i. 
to be true ; to stand ; to endure ; to refrain. 

HoLD, n. Catch ; support ; influence or power 
over the mind ; custody ; interior of a ship ; for- 
tified place or of security. 

HoLD'BACK, n. A hinderance ; restraint. 

HoLD'ER, n. One that holds or possesses; some- 
thing by which a thing may be held. 

HoLD'FAST, n. A general name for various things 
for securing or holding, &c. ; an iron hook ; 
catch ; cramp, &c. 

HoLD'IXG, n. Tenure ; a farm held ; chorus of 
a song; hold; influence; power over. 

HoLK, n. A hollow place or cavity in a solid 
body ; an opening in or through a" solid body ; 
means of escape. — Syx. Hollow; aperture; inter- 
stice ; perforation ; excavation ; cave ; pit ; den ; 
cell ; subterfuge. [into a hole. 

HoLE, v.J. To dig or make holes in; v. i. to go 

H6L'I-DaY, n. A day of joy and gayety ; festi- 
val day; a. pertaining or adapted to a "festival; 
gay; joyous. 

Ho'LI-LY, ad. Piously; religiously; sacredly. 

Ho'LI-XESS, n. The state of being holy; free- 
dom from sin ; sanctified affections; the state of 
any thing hallowed or set apart for God or his 
service; title of the Pope ; purity; sanctity; pie- 
ty ; goodness ; devotion ; godliness ; religious- 
ness; sacredness; sanctification. 

HoL'LO.> (hol'lo or hol-160, v. i. To call out or 

HoL'LAj exclaim. 

HOL-LoA',> ex. A word used in calling. Writ- 

HOL-Lo', ) ten also holla. 

HoL'LoW (hol'lo), a. Containing a mere empty 
space ; sunk deep ; like to or designating a sound 
echoed from a cavity; not sincere. — Sm Con- 
cave ; sunken ; low ; vacant ; empty ; deep ; false ; 
deceitful ; n. a low place ; a hole ; excavation ; 
groove ; den ; pit, &c. 



HoL'LoW, v. t. To excavate ; to make hollow. 

HoL'LoW or HOL-Lo W, v. i. To shout. , 

HGL'LoW-HEaRT-ED (hol'lo-hart-ed), a. Insin- 
cere; deceitful. 

HoL'LoW-XESS, n. Cavity; insincerity; deceit. 

HoL'LY, n. An evergreen tree. 

HoL'LY-HoCK, n. A well-known flowering plant. 

HoLM, n. The evergreen oak ; an ilex ; a river isle. 

HoL'O-CAUST, n. A whole burnt sacrifice. 

HoL'O-GRAPH, n. A deed or testament written 
wholly by the grantor's or testator's own hand. 

HoL'STER, n. A leathern case for pistols. 

Ho'LY, a. Literally, whole or entire ; hence, in a 
moral sense, pure in heart or disposition ; pious ; 
godly; proceeding from pious principles; with 
pious aims; set apart for sacred use. — Syx. Di- 
vine; perfect; pure; immaculate; devout; relig- 
ious ; hallowed ; sanctified ; sacred. 

Ho'LY-DaY, n. A festival or anniversary feast ; 
a day of amusement ; a. pertaining to a festival. 
[This spelling is now confined chiefly to religious 
festivals.] 

Ho'LY GHuST (-gost), n. The Divine Spirit; 
the Sanctifier of souls. 

Ho'LY ONE (ho'ly wun), n. An appellation of the 
Supreme Being. 

Ho'LY-SToXE. n. A stone used by seamen in 
cleaning the decks of ships. [>toue. 

Ho'LY-SToXE, v. t To scrub the deck with a 

Ho'LY-WEEK, n. The week before Easter. 

HoM'AgE, n. Service to a lord ; reverence ; wor- 
ship. — Syx. Fealty. — Homage was originally the 
act of a feudal tenant by which he declared him- 
self, on his knees, to be the hommage (homo) or 
bondsman of the lord ; hence the term is used to 
denote reverential submission or respect. Feal- 
ty was originally the fidelity of such a tenant to 
his lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful 
and solemn adherence to the obligations Ave owe 
to superior power or authority. "We pay our 
homage to men of pre-eminent usefulness and vir- 
tue, and profess our fealty to the principles by 
which they have been guided. 

HoM'AgE, v. t. To pay homage to ; to honor. 

HoME (19), n. One's dwelling-house, or one's coun- 
try or place of residence. — Sra. Abode; resi- 
dence; dwelling; habitation. 

HoME, a. Relating to one's dwelling, country, or 
family; domestic. 

HoME, ad. Elliptical, to being added, to one's own 
habitation or country; closely; to the point. 

HoME'BRED \ a ' Xative ! domestic. 

HoME'LESS, a. Destitute of a home. 

HoME'LI-XESS, n. Plainness; coarseness. 

HoME'LY, a. Plain; coarse; inelegant. 

HuME'MaDE. a. Made in one's own country. 

HO-ME-O-PaTH'IC, a. Pertaining to homeopa- 
thy, [athy. 

HO-ME-oP'A-THIST, n. One skilled in homeop- 

HO-ME-6P'A-THY, n. A theory of curing dis- 
eases by very minute doses of medicine calcu- 
lated to produce those diseases in healthy per- 
sons ; opposed to allopathy. 

Ho'MER. n. A Hebrew measure containing about 
three quarts. [etry. 

HO-M£R'IC, a. Pertaining to Homer or his po- 

HoME'SICK, a. Depressed and grieved at ab- 
sence from home; longing to go home. 

HoME'SPUX, a. Made in the family; plain. 

HdME'STALL > n. The place of the mansion- 

HoME'STeAD,) house. 

HoME'WARD, ad. Toward home. 

HoM'I-Cf-DAL, a. Relating to homicide ; bloody. 

HoM'I-ClDE, n. The killing of one human being 
by another ; a person who kills another. 

HOM-I-LfT'IC- \L \ a ' P erta i mn g t0 homiletics. 
HOM-I-L£T'I€S, n. pi. The science of preach- 
ing. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bttll; vi"ciors. 



as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + Xot English. 



HOM 



202 



HOR 



HOM'I-LY, n. A plain and familiar sermon ; a lec- 
ture. 

HOM'I-NY, n. In America, food prepared from 
maize, hulled, but broken, coarse, and boiled. 

HOM'MOCK, n. A small detached hill. 

HOM-O-CeN'TRIC, a. Having the same center. 

HO-MO-ge'NE-AL, I a. Being of the same kind, 

HO-MO-Oe'NE-OUS,{ or of like elements. 

HO-MO-ge'NE-OUS-NESS,) „ c ,. . , 

HO-MO-gE-Ne'I-TY, } n - Sameness of kind. 

HO-MOI-OU'SI-AN, n. A term applied to Arians, 
as holding the Son was like, but not the same, in 
essence with the Father. 

HO-MOL'O-GOUS, a. Having the same ratio or 
proportion. 

HOM'O-NYM, n. A word of the same sound with 
another, but differing in signification. 

HO-MON'-Y-MOUS, a. Equivocal; ambiguous. 

HO-MO-OU'SI-AN, n. A name given to one who 
held that the Son was of the same essence with 
the Father. [same sound. 

HO-MOPH'O-NOUS (-mof'o-nus), a. Having the 

HoNE, n. A stone for sharpening razors, &c. 

HoNE, v. t. To sharpen on a hone. 

HON'EST (on'est), a. Upright in dealing; accord- 
ing to truth; proceeding from pure principles 
and with good aims; of fair character; marked 
by fidelity.— Syn. Upright; equitable; just; true; 
sincere; chaste; frank; candid. 

H6N'EST-LY, ad. Uprightly ; justly. 

HON'EST-Y (on'es-ty), n. Moral rectitude; con- 
formity to justice and truth; frank sincerity. — 
Syn. Integrity ; probity ; honor ; uprightness ; eq- 
uity. 

HON'EY (hun'y), n. Sweet juice collected by bees 
from flowers ; sweetness ; a word of tenderness ; 
sweet one. 

HON'EY (hun'y), v. t. To sweeten. 

HON'EY-BaG, n. The stomach of the bee. 

HON'EY-€oMB (hun'y -kome), n. Cells for honey 
in a hive ; a casting of iron, &c, which has cells 
like honey-comb. 

HON'EY-DEW (hiin'y-du), n. A sweet substance 
ejected by certain insects on the leaves of plants. 

HON'EYii'D (hiin'id), a. Covered with honey; 
sweet. [er marriage. 

HON'EY-MOON (hun'y-), n. The first month aft- 

HON'EY-SuCK'LE, n. A shrubby vine with beau- 
tiful and fragrant flowers. 

HONG, n. The name given by the Chinese to large 
factories in Canton. 

HON'IED (hun'id), a. See Honeyed. 

HON'OR (on'ur), n. Esteem due or paid to worth ; 
true nobleness of mind; scorn of meanness ; chas- 
tity in females.— Syn. Reputation; respect; glo- 
ry; fame; renown. 

HON'OR (on'ur), v. t. To treat or regard with 
honor; to render honorable or illustrious; in 
commerce, to accept and pay when due ; as, to 
honor a bill of exchange. — Syn. To esteem ; rev- 
erence; exalt; dignify; glorify. 

HON'OR- A-BLE (on'ur-a-bl), a. Actuated by noble 
motives; illustrious; honest; conferring honor. 

HON'OR-A-BLY, ad. With tokens of honor ; with 
a noble spirit or purpose; without reproach. — 
Syn. Magnanimously; reputably; nobly; gener- 
ously; worthily; justly; fairly; equitably. 

HON-O-Ra'RI-UMJ n. A medical or other fee; 

HON'OR-A-RY, J salary of a professor. 

HON'OR-A-RY, a. Conferring honor; possessing 
a title or place without performing services or re- 
ceiving a reward, as an honorary member. 

HOOD, in composition, denotes state, quality, or 
character, as manhood. 

HOOD, n. A covering for the head. 

HOOD, v. t. To dress in a hood or cowl ; to cover 
or' blind one's eyes. [ceive. 

HOOD'WINK, v. t. To blind; to cover; to de- 

HOOF, n. The horny cover of a beast's foot. 

HOOK, n. A bent piece of iron ; something bent ; 



that part of a hinge inserted in a post ; hence to 
be off the hooks is as off the hinges, or in disorder. 
By hook or by crook, one way or another. 

HOOK, v. t. To fix on a hook; to catch; to en- 
trap ; to seize or draw by force or artifice. 

HOOKED (hook'ed or hookt), a. Bent in the form 
of a hook. " ' [hook. 

HOOK'ED-NESS, n. State of being bent like a 

HOOP, n. A band of wood or metal for a cask; a 
piece of whalebone used for extending a part of a 
lady's dress ; a peck measure ; any thing circular, 
as a ring, &c. [clasp. 

HOOP, v. t. To fasten with hoops; to encircle or 

HOOP, v. i. To cry out; to shout; to whoop. 

HOOP'ING-COUGH (hoop'ing-kauf), n. A cough 
in which the patient hoops ; also whoornng -cough. 

HOO'SIER (hoo'zher), n. A term applied to the 
citizens of Indiana. 

HOOT, n. A cry or shout of contempt ; the sound 
made by an owl. 

HOOT, v. i. or t. To shout at in contempt; to 
cry, as an owl ; v. t. to drive with noise and cries 
of contempt. 

HOP, v. t. To leap on one leg ; to skip, as birds ; 
to dance and frisk about; to impregnate with 
hops; to jump. 

HOP, n. A leap on one leg ; a dance ; a spring ; a 
jump ; a bitter plant used in brewing. 

HoPE (19), n. Desire of good with a belief that it 
is obtainable; confidence in a future event; the 
object of hope; an opinion or belief not amount- 
ing to certainty. — Syn. Expectation; anticipa- 
tion; confidence; trust; belief; well-grounded 
desire. 

HoPE, v. i. To cherish a desire of good with ex- 
pectation of it; v. t. to desire and expect good 
with belief that it may be obtained. 

HoPE'FUL, a. Full of expectation or promise. 

HoPE'FUL-LY, ad. So as to raise or with ground 
of expectation. [expect. 

HoPE'FUL-NESS, n. Promise of good ; ground to 

HoPE'LESS, a. Destitute of hope: giving no 
ground to expect; promising nothing. — Syn. De- 
sponding; despairing; forlorn; desperate. 

HoPE'LESS-LY, ad. Without hope. 

HoPE'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of hope. 

HoP'ING-LY, ad. With hope of good. 

HOP'PER, n. One that hops ; part of a mill which 
supplies grain to the stone. 

HOP'PLE, v. t. To tie the feet, not closely, to 
prevent leaping. 

HOP'PLJE'S (hop'plz), n. pi. Fetters for animals 
turned out to graze. 

Ho'RAL, a. Relating to an hour. [hour. 

Ho'RA-RY, a. Pertaining to or continuing an 

HoRDE, n. A clan; tribe; migratory band. 

HO-Rl'ZON, n. A line that bounds the sight, call- 
ed the sensible horizon, or a great circle dividing 
the world into two equal parts, the real or ration- 
al one, the parts being called upper and lower 
hemispheres, the central points of which are the 
zenith above and the nadir below. 

HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. Parallel to the horizon. 

HOR-I-ZON'TAL-LY, ad. In a direction parallel 
to the horizon ; on a level. 

HORN, n. The hard projecting substance on an 
animal's head; a kind of trumpet; the extremity 
of the moon when a crescent ; the feeler of an in- 
sect; a_drinking-cup. 

HGRN'BeAM, n. A tough, homy species of wood. 

HORN'BLeNDE, n. A mineral of a black or dark- 
ish green color which scratches glass. 

HORN'BOOK, n. The first book for children. 

HORN'BuG, n. A kind of beetle with large horns. 

HOR'NET, n. An insect larger and stronger than 
the wasp. 

HORN'LESS, a. Having no horns. 

HoRN'PlPE, n. An instrument of music ; a tune ; 
a dance. [cation. 

HORN'-WORK (-wurk), n. An outwork in fortifi- 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — caee, far, last, fall, what; theee, teem; marine, bird; move, 



HOR 



203 



HOU 



HoRN'Y,_a. Made of or like hom ; callous. 

HoR'O-LogE, n. A clock or watch. 

H0R-0-L66T-CAL, a. Pertaining to the horo- 
loge or to horology. 

HO-ROL'O-gY, n. Art of constructing machines 
for measuring time. [hours. 

HO-RoM'E-TRY, ft. The measuring of time by 

HoR'O-SCoPE, n. The position of the stars at 
the time of one's birth by which to tell the for- 
tune. 

HO-ROS'CO-PY, n. The art of predicting events 
by the position of stars. 

HoR'RENT, a. Standing erect like bristles. 

HoR'RI-BLE, a. Tending to excite horror.— Syn. 
Dreadful; awful; frightful; terrible; shocking; 
hideous. [ness. 

HoR'RI-BLE-NESS, n. Terribleness ; dreadful- 

HoR'RI-BLY, ad. Dreadfully ; frightfully. 

HoR'RID, a. That does or may excite horror; 
rough ; tending to produce disgust. — Syn. Dread- 
ful ; hideous ; shocking ; frightful ; fearful ; ter- 
rific; horrible. * 

HoR'RID-LY, ad. Dreadfully ; shockingly. 

HoR'RID-NESS, «. The qualities that do or may 
excite horror. — Syn. Hideousness ; enormity ; 
dreadfulness ; horribleness ; terribleness. 

HOR-RIF'IC, a. Causing horror or dread. 

IIoR'RI-Fv, v. t. To strike -with horror; to make 
horrible. 

HoR'ROR, ft. A shivering; excessive fear; ter- 
ror ; that which excites horror. 

HORSE, 11. A quadruped for draught or the sad- 
dle ; a frame or structure on which something is 
supported ; cavalry. 

HORSE, v. t. To mount a horse ; to furnish with 
a horse or horses; to carry on the back ; to ride ; 
to mount for procreation. 

HoRSE'BACK, n. The state of being mounted on 
a horse ; posture of riding on a horse. 

HoRSE'-BLOCK, n. A block or stage from which 
to mount a horse or dismount. 

HoRSE'-BoAT, n. A boat moved by horses. 

HoRSE-CHeST'NUT, 11. A large nut, or the tree 
that produces it. 

HdRSE'-CLoTH, ft. A cloth to cover a horse. 

HoRSE'-GUaRDS (-giirdz), ft. pi. Cavalry for 
guards. 

H6RSF/-J5CK-EY, ft. ; pi. Hoese'-Jock-eys. A 
dealer in horses. 

HoRSE'-LaUGH (hors'luff), ft. A loud coarse 
laugh. 

HoRSE'-LEECH, n. A large leech ; a farrier. 

HoRSE'-LiT'TER, n. A carriage on poles, borne 
by and between horses. 

HoRSE'MAN, n. One skilled in riding horses; a 
rider ; a soldier serving on horseback. 

HoRSE'MAN-SHIP, ft. Act or art of riding and 
training horses. 

HoRSE'-PLaY, n. Rough, rugged play. 

H6RSE'-PO W-ER, n. The power of a horse, or 
power equal to a horse in draught or moving 
machinery. 

HoRSE'-RaCE, n. A race by horses or match in 
running horses. [a horse. 

HoRSE'-SHoE (shoo), n. A shoe for the hoof of 

H6RSE'-STeAL-ER,\ n. One who steals a horse 

HoRSE'-THIeF, j or horses. 

HoRSE' WHIP, n. A whip for driving horses. 

HoRSE'WHIP, v. t. ' To lash with a horse-whip. 

HOR-TA'TION,n. The act of exhorting; advice. 

HoR'TA-TIYE, la. Giving admonition, advice; 

H6R'TA-TO-RY,j encouraging. 

HOR-TI-CuLT'uR-AL (-ktflt'yur-), a. Pertaining 
to the culture of gardens. 

HOR'TI-CuLT-uRE (-kult-yur), ft. The art of cul- 
tivating or the culture of a garden. 

HOR-TI-CCLT'uR-IST, ft. One skilled in culti- 
vating gardens. 

HoR'TUS SICCUS, ft. A collection of plants 
dried for preservation. 



HO-$AN'NA (-zan'na), ft. An exclamation of 
praise to God. 

HOSE, ft.; pi. Hose (formerly Ho'»e.\), Stock- 
ings ; coverings for the legs ; a pipe for a fire- 
engine ; a leathern tube for conducting water 
into the casks in the hold of a ship. 

H(_)'«IKR(h6'zher),ft. One who deals in stockings. 

Ho'SIER-Y, ft. Stockings, socks, &c. 

HOS'PICE (hus'pis),ft. The name of certain con- 
vents in the Alps for lodging travelers in the 
passes of the mountains. 

H6.S'PI-TA-BLE, a. Receiving and entertaining 
strangers without reward ; kind to strangers ; 
proceeding from or manifesting generosity; of- 
fering hospitality. — Syn. Kind; generous; free- 
hearted ; liberal. 

HOS'PI-TA-BLY, ad. With kindness, hospitality, 
or generosity. 

HOS'FI-TAL, n. A building for the sick or 
insane. 

HoS'PI-TAL-ER, n. One of an order of knights 
who built a hospital at Jerusalem for pilgrirns. 

HOS-PI-TaL'I-TY, ft. The act or practice of gra- 
tuitous entertainment to strangers. 

H6S'P0-DAR, ft. A Turkish governor in Molda- 
via and Wallachia. 

HuST, n. One who entertains a stranger; he that 
entertains guests; an army; a great number; in 
the Roman Catholic Church, the sacrifice of mass, 
or the consecrated wafer, representing the body 
of Christ. 

HoS'TAgE, ft. One given to a foe in pledge for 
the performance of conditions. 

HoST'ESS, ft. A female host; a landlady. 

HOS'TiLE (hus'til), a. Pertaining to or expressing 
public or private enmity. — Syn. Warlike ; inimi- 
cal; unfriendly; adverse; opposite; belligerent; 
contrary; repugnant. 

HOS-TIL'I-TY, ft. Enmity of a public foe ; state 
of war ; private enmity. — Sys. Animosity ; en- 
mity; opposition; violence; aggression; hatred. 

HoST'LER (hos'ler or os'ler), n. One who has 
the care of horses at an inn or livery-stable. 

H6T, a. Having heat ; easily excited in temper ; 
marked with fury or precipitancy ; pungent in 
taste. — Syn. Burning ; fiery ; fervid ; glowing ; 
eager; animated; brisk; vehement; precipitate; 
violent; furious; biting; acrid; pungent. 

HoT'BED, ft. A bed well manured, covered with 
glass, for raising early plants, &c. 

H6TCH'POTCH,| ft. A mixture of ingredients; 

HoTCH'POT, f in law, a mixing of lands. 

H0T'-C6CK-LE§ (-kok-klz), ft. A play in which 
one is blindfolded, and then guesses who strikes 
him. 

HO-TeL', n. A tavern of the highest order ; in 
France, a palace. 

+HO-TEL' DIEU (o-teT de-u), n. IFr.} A hospital. 

HoT'HOUSE, ft. A house kept warm to shelter 
plants from cold air. 

HoT'LY, ad. Violently; keenly; eagerly. 

HoT'NESS, ft. Heat ; state of being hot. 

HoT'-PRESS, v. t. To press between hot plates for 
giving a smooth and glassy surface. 

HOT'-PReSSJSD (-pr£st), a. Pressed while heat- 
ed, to give a smooth and glossy surface. 

HoT'SPCR, ft. A rash, ardent person ; a pea. 

HoT'T EN-TOT, ft. A native of South Africa. 

HOT'- WALL, n. In gardening, a wall with flues 
conducting heat, to hasten the growth of fruit- 
trees, &c. 

HOU'DAH (how'da), n. A seat to be fixed on a 
camel's or elephant's back. 

HOUGH (hok), n. The lower part of the thigh; 
the ham ; v. t. to hock ; to hamstring. 

HOUND, ft. A dos for hunting. 

HOUND, v. t. To set on the chase ; to hunt 

HOUR (our), n. The twenty-fourth part of a day; 
60 minutes; a particular time; as the hour of 
death ; the time marked by a clock or watch. 



dove, wolf, book ; EuxE, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as J ; s as z ; en as &u ; this. * Aoi English. 



HOU 



204 



HUM 



HOUR'-GLASS (our'-), n. A glass to show time 
by the running out of sand. 

HOUR'-HAND (our'-), n. The hand of a clock 
or watch which shows the hour. 

HOUR'i (howr'y), n. Among the Mohammedans, 
a nymph of Paradise. 

HOUR'LY (our'ly), a. Done or happening every 
hour ; often repeated ; continual. 

HOUR'LY, ad. Every hour ; frequently. 

HOUSE (houce), n. ; pi. Houss'es. A family or 
race ; branch of the Legislature ; a quorum ; a 
building for man or animals ; a church ; the 
house of God; the grave; a monastery; a relig- 
ious house; mode of living; wealth or estate; 
domestic concerns. 

HOUSE (houz), v. t. To put under shelter; to de- 
posit or cover, as in the grave ; v. i. to take shel- 
ter; to reside. 

HOUSE'BREaK-ER (houce'bra-ker), n. One who 
breaks into a house by day to steal, &c. 

HOUSE'-BoAT, n. A boat with a covering on it 
like a room. 

HOUSE'BREaK-ING, n. The act of breaking or 
entering into a house by daylight to steal or rob. 

HOUSE'HoLD, n. A family living together; 
family life ; a. belonging to the house or family ; 
domestic. 

HOUSE'HoLD-ER, n. The master of a family; 
one who keeps house. 

HOUSE'HoLD-STuFF, n. Furniture; movables. 

HOUSE'KEEP-ER, n. One who occupies a house 
with his family ; a female who superintends do- 
mestic concerns ; one who stays much at home. 

HOUSE'KEEP-ING, n. The family state. 

HOUSE'LESS, a. Destitute of a house or shelter. 

HOUSE'-MaID, n. A woman servant. 

HOUSE'-ROOM, n. Quantity of space or accom- 
modation in a house. 

HOUSE'-WARM-ING, n. A feast or merry-mak- 
ing on entering a new house. 

HOUSE'WlFE (houce'wife) [by contraction hus- 
wife], n. The mistress of a family ; a good man- 
ager ; a female economist ; a little case or bag 
for articles of female work, pronounced huz'zif. 

HOUSE'WiFE-RY, «. Female economy, [cloth. 

HOUSING (houz'ing), n. A shelter; a saddle- 

HOV'EL, n. A shed; a cottage; a mean dwell- 
ing ; v. t. to put in a hovel ; to shelter. 

HoV'ER (huv'er), v. i. To flap the wings, as a 
bird ; to hang over, fluttering or otherwise ; to 
wander near. 

HOW, ad. In whet manner; to what degree; in 
what state ; why ; used in marking proportion ; 
also an exclamation. 

+HOW-AD'Ji (how-ad'jee), n. An Arabic word for 
traveler, much used in the East. 

HOW'EL, n. A tool used 'for smoothing the in- 
side of a cask. 

HOW-eV'ER, ad. In whatever manner or degree, 
as, '■'•However good it may be;" at all events, as, 
'•'•However, that does not alter the case." — Syn. 
At least; nevertheless; yet. — However signifies, 
that in whatever way a truth or fact may be 
viewed, certain other facts are true, as, '■'■Howev- 
er, we shall perform our duty." At least indi- 
cates the lowest estimate or concession, as, " This, 
at least, must be done." Nevertheless denotes 
that though the concession be fully made, it has 
no effect on the question, as, " Nevertheless, we 
must go forward." Yet signifies that, admit- 
ting every thing supposed down to the present 
moment, the expected consequence can not be 
drawn, as, " Though he slay me, yet will I trust 
in him." 

HOW'ITZ, \n. A kind of mortar or short 

HOWITZ-ER,/ gun mounted on a field-car- 
riage. 

HOWL, v. i. To utter a loud, mournful sound, ex- 
pressive of distress ; to cry as a dog or wolf; V. t. 
to utter with outcry. 



HOWL, n. The cry of a dog or wolf. 

HOWL'ET, n. An owl, also spelled owlet. 

HOWL'ING, a. Filled with howls or howling 
beasts ; n. the cry of a dog or wolf. 

HOW-SO-eV'ER, ad. In what manner soever; 
although ; however. 

HOY, n. A small coasting vessel rigged as a sloop ; 
an exclamation without meaning. 

HuB, n. The nave of a wheel. 

HuB'BUB, n. Uproar; tumult; riot. 

HuCK'A-BACK, n. A kind of linen with raised 
figures! used for table-cloths, &c. 

HuCK'LE-BaCK^D (huk'kl-bakt), a. Having 
round shoulders. 

HuCK'LE-BER-RY, n. The whortleberry. 

HCCK'STER, n. A retailer of small articles. 

HuCK'STER-AgE, n. Small dealing or business. 

HuD'DLE (hiid'dl), v. i. To crowd together with- 
out order ; to move in a throng without order ; 
to press or hurry in disorder ; n. a crowd without 
order. 

HuD'DLE, v. t. To perform in haste; to throw 
together in confusion; to put on hastily, as 
clothes. 

HU-DI-BRaS'TI€, a. Pertaining to Hudibras, or 
doggerel poetry. [as hue and cry. 

HuE (hii), n. Color ; dye ; great noise ; a clamor, 

HuFF, n. A swell of anger or pride. 

HuFF, v. t. To swell ; to hector or bully ; v. i. to 
dilate or enlarge, as bread ; to bluster ; to swell 
with anger or pride, &c. ; to treat with arro- 
gance ; to chide or rebuke insolently. 

HtJFF'ISH, a. Insolent; arrogant; hectoring. 

HuFF'ISH-NESS, n. Swelling pride ; arrogance. 

HuFF'Y, a. Swelled; puffy; swelled with sud- 
den anger. 

HuG, v. t. To embrace closely; to congratulate, 
as owe's self, &c. ; to gripe in wrestling ; to sail 
near. 

HuG, n. A close embrace ; a gripe in wrestling. 

HugE, a. Of a large or excessive size ; great to 
deformity. — Syn. Enormous; gigantic; bulky; 
vast ; immense ; colossal ; prodigious ; mon- 

HugE'LY, ad. Immensely; enormously, [strous. 

HugE'NESS, n. Enormity in bulk or largeness. 

Hu'GUE-NOT, n. A name formerly given to a 
Protestant in France. 

Hu'GUE-NOT-ISM, n. The religion or tenets of 
doctrine of the Huguenots. 

HuLK, n. The body of an old ship; in the plural 
hulks, old ships to which convicts were sent in 
England. [or body of a ship or other vessel. 

HuLL, n. The outer covering of a nut, &c. ; frame 

HuLL, v. t. To husk or peel ; to pierce the hull 
of a ship with a cannon-ball. 

HuM, v. i. To make a noise like bees ; to make a 
low, inarticulate sound ; to make a dull, heavy 
noise. 

HuM, ex. A sound with a pause, implying doubt. 

HuM, v. t. To sing in a low voice ; to cause to 
hum. [of applause. 

HuM, n. A low, buzzing sound ; an expression 

Hu'MAN, a. Belonging to mankind , having the 
qualities of a man. 

HU-MaNE', a. Having feelings and disposition 
proper for man ; having tenderness and compas- 
sion ; disposed to treat others kindly. — Syn. Be- 
nevolent; sympathizing; mild; merciful; kind; 
compassionate; tender. 

HU-MANE'L Y, ad. With kindness ; tenderly. 

HU-MaNE'NESS, n. Tenderness ; compassion. 

HU-MAN-1-Ta'RI-AN, n. One who holds that 
Jesus Christ was merely a man. 

HU-MaN'I-TY, n. Peculiar nature of man ; man- 
kind; kind disposition; tenderness, philology, 
grammatical studies. Humanities, in the plu- 
ral, signifies grammar, rhetoric, and poetry. 

Hu'MAN-iZE, v. t. To render humane or kind. 

Hu'MAN-LY, ad. After the manner or opinions 
of men. 



a, e, &c, long.T-I, £, &c, short. —care, fab, last, fall, what; tiiebe, teem; maeiwe, bied; move, 



HUM 



205 



HUS 



HuM'BLE, a. Low in condition or feelings; not 
lofty; not proud. — Syn. Lowly; modest; unas- 
suming; meek. 

HuM'BLE, v. t. To bring low ; to break down or 
subdue; to make ashamed; to make meek and 
submissive ; to make to condescend ; to deprive 
of chastity; to afflict, as one's self; to make con- 
trite.— Syn. To abase; lower; depress; humili- 
ate; mortify; disgrace; degrade; sink; repent. 

HuM'BLE-BEE, n. A bee of a large size. 

HuM'BLY, ad. Without pride ; submissively. 

HuM'BUG, n. An imposition. How word.} 

HuM'BUG, v. t. To deceive; to impose on. UL 

HuM'DRUM, a. Stupid; dull; wearisome. 

Hu'MER-AL, a. Pertaining to the shoulder. 

HCM'HUM, n. A kind of coarse Indian, cloth 
made of cotton. 

Hu'MID, a. Moist ; damp ; wateiy. 

HU-MID'I-TY, \ n. Moisture in the form of visi- 

Hu'MID-NESS,j ble vapor; dampness. 

HU-MiL'I-aTE, v. t. To humble; to abase; to 
bring low ; to lower in condition ; to depress. 

HU-MIL-I-a'TION, n. Act of humbling ; state of 
being abased ; abasement of pride. 

HU-MiL'I-TY, n. Freedom from pride ; lowliness 
of mind. — Sxn. Modesty; diffidence. — Diffidence 
is a distrust of one's powers, and, as it may be 
carried too far, is not always (like modesty and 
humility) a virtue ; modesty., without supposing 
self-distrust, implies an unwillingness to put our- 
selves forward, and an absence of all over-confi- 
dence in our own powers ; humility consists in 
rating our claims low, in being willing to waive 
our rights, and take a lower place than might be 
our due. It does not require us to underrate our- 
selves. The humility of our Savior was perfect, 
and yet he had a true sense of his own greatness. 

HuM'MING-BiRD, n. The smallest of birds, most 
beautiful in plumage, named from the noise of 
its wings. [ice thrown up. 

HuM'MOGK, n. A rounded hillock; a mass of 

Hu'MOR, n. Literally, moisture ; a disease of the 
skin ; turn of mind ; a quality of the imagination, 
which, by ludicrous images, tends to excite laugh- 
ter; a trick; practice or habit. — Syn. Temper; 
disposition; whim; fancy; caprice; merriment; 
witj which see. 

Hu'MOR, v. t. To comply with ; to favor by im- 
posing no restraint; to indulge by compliance. 
See Gratify. 

Hu'MOR-AL, a. Pertaining to the humors. 

Hu'MOR-IST, n. One who gratifies his humor; 
one of a playful fancy or genius in speaking and 
writing ; a wag. 

Hu'MOR-OUS, a. Marked by that which is adapt- 
ed to excite laughter. — Syn. Jocular; pleasant; 
droll; witty; playful; fanciful; merry. 

Hu'MOR-OUS-LY, ad. With pleasantry ; jocosely. 

Hu'MOR-SOME (-sum), a. Influenced by humor ; 
peevish. 

HuMP, n. A swelling, as of flesh ; protuberance 
made by a crooked back. 

HilMP'BACK, n. A rising or crooked back. 

Hu'MUS, n. Vegetable mold ; decayed wood con- 
verted into a dark powder. 

HuNCH, n. A protuberance; a thick piece; a 
push with the fist or elbow. 

HuNCH, v. t. To push out; to push with the el- 
bow ; to crook the back. [back. 

HuNCH'BACK^D (-bakt), a. Having a crooked 

HtfN'DRED, a. Noting the product of ten multi- 
plied by ten; n. the sum often times ten; a divi- 
sion or part of a county in England. 

HuN'DREDTH, a. The ordinal of a hundred. 

HuN G 'GA-RY-WA'TER, n. A distilled water 
made from rosemary. 

HuNG'-BEEF, n. The fleshy part of beef slightly 
salted an I hung up to dry. 

HuN G 'GER (hilng'ger), n. Desire of food; crav- 
ing appetite; any strong desire. 



HuN G 'GER, v. i. To crave food. 

H0N G 'GRY (hung'gry), a. Craving food; lean; 

barren ; having an eager desire. 
HuNKS, n. A sordid, niggardly man ; a miser. 
HuNT, v. t. To chase, as game; to seek for; to 

pursue closely; v. i. to follow the chase; to 

search. 
HuNT, n. Chase of game; pursuit; pack of 

hounds ; an association of huntsmen. 
HuNT'ER, n. One who pursues game ; a dog or 

horse employed in the chase. 
HGNT'ING, n. The act or practice of the chase ; 

a pursuit or seeking. 
HuNT'ING-HoRN, n. A horn used to cheer or 

call dogs in the chase. 
HuNT'RESS, n. A woman who hunts. 
HuNTS'MAN, n. A man who hunts; a person 

who manages the chase. 
HuR'DLE, n. A texture of twigs ; a crate ; a frame 

of split timber or sticks for an inclosure ; a kind 

of sledge. [ment. 

HuR'DY-GuR-DY, n. A stringed musical instru- 
HuRL, V. t. To throw with violence ; to utter with 

passion ; to play at a certain game. 
HuRL, n. Act of throwing with force ; commo- 
tion; riot. 
HuRL'BoNE, n. A bone in the buttock of a horse. 
H CR'LY-BuR-LY, n. Tumult ; bustle ; confusion. 

HUR-RXH' } ex ' Shout 0f J° y or exultation - 

HuR'RI-CaNE, n. A violent tempest distinguish- 
ed by the vehemence of the wind. 

HuR'RI-€aNE-D£CK, n. A name of the upper 
deck of steam-boats. 

HuR'RY, v. t. To impel to greater speed; to press 
forward with more rapidity; to drive or impel 
with violence ; to urge on with precipitation ; v. 
i. to move or act in haste. — Syn. To hasten; ex- 
pedite; quicken; accelerate; precipitate. 

HuR'RY, n. Great haste ; precipitation ; tumult ; 
bustle. 

HuR'RY-SKuR-RY, n. Confusion ; ad. confused- 
ly ; in a bustle. 

HuRT, n. Any thing that pains the body; what- 
ever injures or harms. — Syn. Wound ; bruise ; 
injury; harm; damage; loss; detriment; mis- 
chief ; bane ; disadvantage. 

HuRT, v. t. \_pret. and pp. Hurt.] To harm ; to 
injure ; to wound ; to give pain to ; to grieve. 

HuRT'FUL, a. Occasioning loss or destruction ; 
tending'to impair or destroy. — Syn. Pernicious; 
harmful; baneful; destructive; mischievous; 
noxious ; unwholesome. 

HuRT'FUL-LY, ad. With harm; injuriously. 

HuRT'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of doing harm. 

HuR'TLE (hur'tl), v. t. To clash or run against ; 
to skirmish ; to encounter with a shock, &c. ; v. 
i. to move with violence ; to whirl. 

HuRT'LESS, a. Harmless ; inoffensive ; receiving 
no injury. 

HuS'BAND, n. A man married or betrothed to a 
woman ; a ship's owner who has charge of it. 

HuS'BAND, v. t. To manage with frugality; to 
save ; to till. [ing ; thrift. 

Ht$'BAND-ING, n. The laying up or economiz- 

HuS'BAND-MAN, n. A farmer ; a cultivator of 
the ground ; the master of a family. 

Hu$'BAND-RY, n. The business of cultivating 
the earth, raising, managing, and fattening of 
cattle, and the management of the dairy ; frugal- 
ity ; domestic economy. 

HuSH, a. Still; silent; calm; quiet; v. t. to si- 
lence ; to quiet ; to calm ; v. i. to be still or silent. 

HuSH, imperative of the verb, used as an exclama- 
tion ; be still. 

HuSH'MdN-EY (-mun-ny), n. A bribe to secrecy. 

HuSK, n. The covering of certain fruits. 

HuSK, v. t. To strip off the outer covering of 
fruits or seeds, &c. [ness. 

HcSK'I-NESS, n. Dryness; roughness; harsh- 



dove, wolf, noo:-:; kule, uull; vi"cious. — e as k: g as j: $ as z ; en as sn ; this. * Sot Englislu 



HUS 



206 



HYP 



HuSK'ING, n. The act of stripping off husks; a 
gathering of invited neighbors to assist in husk- 
ing. 

HuSK'Y, a. Abounding with husks; resembling 
husks; dry; hoarse; rough, as sound. 

HTJS-SXR', n. A soldier in German cavalry. 

HuS'SY (hiiz'zy), n. A worthless woman. 

HOS'TINGS, n. pi. The place for choosing an En- 
glish member of Parliament, usually a tempora- 
ry erection. Court of Hustings, the city court of 
London. 

HuS'TLE (hus'sl), v. t. To push; to crowd; to 
shake together in confusion. 

HGS'WIFE (huz'zif). See Housewife. 

HuT, n. A poor cottage or shed ; a mean abode ; 
v. t. to furnish with huts or place in huts, as 
troops in winter quarters ; v. i. to take lodgings 
in huts. 

HuTCH, n. A chest or box ; a rat-trap. 

HUZ-Za', n. A shout of joy. 

HUZ-Za', v. t. To utter a loud shout or accla- 
mation of joy; v. i. to receive or attend with 
shouts of joy. 

Hy'A-CINTH, n. A genus of plants; a gem. 

Hy-A-CiNTH'iNE, a. Pertaining to hyacinth. 

Hy'ADS^ I n. pi. A cluster of five stars in the 

Hy'A-De$,j Bull's Head, supposed by the an- 
cientsto bring rain. 

Hy'A-LiNE, a. Glassy; resembling glass; crys- 
talline. 

Hy'BRID or HYP/RID, n. A mongrel, or mule. 

Hy'BRID, X a. Mongrel; produced by the 

H|B'RID-OUS,f mixture of two species. 

Hy'DRA, n. A monster with many heads; any 
manifold evil; a minute fresh-water polype; a 
southern constellation of 60 stars. 

Hy-DRaN'gEA, n. A genus of plants much val- 
ued for its large flowers. [ing water. 

Hy'DRANT, n. A pipe or machine for discharg- 

HY-DRaR'GY-RUM, n. Quicksilver in medical 
recipes, written hydrarg. 

Hy'DRATE, n. In chemistry, a compound in def- 
inite proportions of metallic oxyd with water. 

Hy-DRAUL'I€, \ a. Relating to the convey- 

Hy-DRAUL'I€-AL,/ ance of water through 
pipes. ' Hydraulic Press, see Hydrostatic Press. 

Hy-DRAUL'I€S, n. pi. The science of the force 
and motions of fluids, and of the construction of 
machines relating thereto. [head. 

Hy-DRO-CePH'A-LUS (-sSf '-), n. Dropsy of the 

Hy-DRO-DY-NAM'I€S, n. pi. The branch of nat- 
ural philosophy which applies the principles of 
dynamics to water and other fluids. 

Hy'DRO-gEN, n. A gas, one of the elements of 
water, of which it forms 11.1 parts in a hundred, 
and oxygen 88.9. 

Hy'DRO-gEN-aTE,? v. t. To combine with hy- 

Hy'DRO-gEN-IZE, j drogen. 

Hy-DR6g'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to hydrogen. 

Hy-DRoG'RA-PHER, n. One who practices hy- 
drography. 

Hy-DRO-GRaPH'I€, \ a. Relating to hy- 

H y-DRO-GRaPH'I€-AL, j drography. 

Hy-DRoG'RA-PHY, n. The art of measuring and 
describing the sea, lakes, rivers, &c. , or of form- 
ing charts of the same. 

H y-DRoL'O-gY, n. Science of water, its proper- 
ties, phenomena, and laws. 

Hy'DRO-MEL, n. A liquor of honey and water. 

Hy-DRoM'E-TER, n. An instrument to ascertain 
the gravity, density, &c, of liquids. 

HY-DRO-Me.T'RI€, ) a. Relating to a hy- 

HY-DRO-MeT'RI€-AL,| drometer, or the de- 
termination of the specific gravity of fluids; 
made by a hydrometer. 

Hy-DRoM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring the 
gravity, density, &c, of liquids. 

H v-DRO-PaTH'I€, a. Pertaining to hydropathy. 

H v-DRoP'A-THIST, n. One who practices by hy- 
dropathy. 



\ a. Relating to hydro- 
j,j statics, or the weight 



Hy-DR6P'A-THY, n. The water-cure ; the meth- 
od of curing diseases by means of water. 

Hy-DRO-PHo'BI-A, n. Dread of water ; canine 
madness. [ness. 

Hy-DRO-PH0B'I€, a. Pertaining to canine mad- 

Hy-DR5P'I€, X. a. Dropsical; containing wa- 

Hy-DRoPT€-AL,f ter. 

Hy-DRO-STAT'IG, 

Hy-DRO-STAT'I€-AL, 
and pressure, of fluids. 

Hy-DRO-STaT'I€ PReSS, n. A machine for ob- 
taining enormous pressure by means of water. 

Hy-DRO-STAT'I€S, n. pi. That branch of the 
science of hydronamics which treats of the prop- 
erties and pressure of fluids at rest. 

Hy-DRO-SuL'PHATE, \ n. A combination of 

Hy-DRO-SuL'PHU-RET, j" sulphureted hydro- 
gen with an earth, alkali, or metallic oxyd. 

Hy-DRO-THo'RAX, n. Dropsy in the chest. 

Hy'DROUS, a. Watery ; containing water in com- 
position, [stellation. 

HT'DRUS, n. The water-snake; a southern con- 

Hy-e'MAL, a. Pertaining to winter. 

Hy-E-Ma'TION, n. The spending of winter ; shel- 
ter from the cold of winter. 

Hy-e'NA, n. A quadruped of the genus Canis, 
feeding on flesh, ravenous and untamable. 

Hy-ge'I-AN, a. Relating to health. 

Hy-gI-eNE', n. That department of medicine 
that treats of the preservation of health. 

Hy-GI-eN'I€, a. Pertaining to hygiene. 

Hy-GROM'E-TER, n. An instrument to measure 
the moisture of the air. 

Hy-GRO-MeT'RI€, \ a. Pertaining to or con- 

Hy-GRO-MeT'RI€-ALJ nected with hygroni- 
etry. 

Hy-GRoM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring the 
moisture of the air. 

Hy'MEN, n. In ancient mythology, the deity that 
presides _over marriage. 

Hy-MEN-e'AL,? a. Pertaining to marriage; n. 

Hy-MEN-e'AN,j a marriage song. 

H?MN (him), n. A divine song ; a song of praise ; 
v. t. or i. to praise in songs of adoration. 

HYM'NIG, a. Relating to hymns. 

HYM-NoL'O-gY, n. Science which treats of 
hymns; a collection of hymns. 

H¥P, n. Depression of spirits; v. t. to depress the 
spirits. From hypochondria. 

+Hy'PER is used in composition to denote excess. 

Hy-PeR'BO-LA. n. A curve formed by a section 
of a cone. 

Hy-PeR'BO-LE, n. Exaggeration; a figure of 
speech which expresses more or less than the 
truth. [hyperbolical. 

Hy-PER-B5L'I€, a. Belonging to the hyperbola ; 

Hy-PER-BoL'IO-AL, a. Partaking of hyperbole ; 
exaggerating or diminishing greatly. 

Hy-PER-B5L'I€-AL-LY, a. With hyperbole. 

Hy-PER-Bo'RE-AN, a. Northern ; very cold. 

Hy-PER-€RiT'I€, n. A critic exact beyond rea- 
son; a captious censor. 

Hy-PER-€R!T'I€-AL, a. Critical beyond use. 

Hy-PER-€RiT'I-CI$M, n. Excessive rigor of crit- 
icism, [ing compounds, &c. 

Hy'PHEN, n. The mark (-) between words form- 

Hy'PO, in composition, under, beneath. 

H¥P-0-€H6N'DRI-A, n. Properly, the region be- 
low the short ribs ; hence, a disease of that re- 
gion, producing melancholy; great depression 
of spirits; deep gloom. 

HYP-0-€HoN'DRI-A€, \ a. Affected with 

HYP-0-€H0N-DRl'A€-ALJ hypochondria or 
melancholy. 

HYP-0-€HON-DRi'A-CT$M, n. A disease arising 
from debility and dyspepsia, now usually called 
hypochondria. 

HY-Po€'RI-SY, n. The putting on of an appear- 
ance of sanctity or virtue which one does not pos- 



a, £, &c, long.—l, e, &c, short— cake, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mae'ike, hied; move, 



HYP 



207 



IDL 



H¥P'0-€RITE, n. Originally, a play-actor ;_ one 
who puts on an appearance of sanctity or virtue 
which lie does not possess. 

H¥P-0-€RIT'I-€AL, a. Marked by hypocrisy. 

Uf P-0-t'RiT'I-€AL-LY, ad. vVithout sincerity. 

Hy-PoS'TA-SIS, n. Distinct substance. 

Hv-PO-STaT'I€, I a. Distinctly personal; 

Hy-PO-STaT'I€-AL,J constitutive. 

H T-PoT'E-NuSE, n. In geometry, the longest side 
of a right-angled triangle. 

HT-P6TH'E-€aTE, v. t. To pledge, as a ship, 
&c, for the security of a creditor. 

IIy-POTH-E-€a'TION, n. The act of pledging 
as a security for a debt. 

Hv-POTH'E-SIS, n. ; pi. Hy-poth'e-ses. A prop- 
osition or principle, assumed or supposed, for the 
purpose of argument ; a supposition. 

Hy-PO-THkT'I€, X a. Assumed without proof 

H y-PO-THeT'I€-AL,j to reason and draw proof 
therefrom. 

Hy-PO-THeT'I€-AL-LY, ad. Upon supposition. 

Hy-PO-Zo'I€, a. Previous to the existence of liv- 
ing beings. 

Hy'SON, n. A species of green tea. 

H YlS'tBOP (hi'zup or his'sup), n. A genus of plants, 
aromatic and pungent. 

HYS-Te'RI-A, \n. A disease marked by spasms 

H?S-T£R'I€S,j or convulsions, struggling, and 
a sense of suffocation. 

H ?S-TER'I€-AL, } a - Pertainin S to hysteria. 
+H?S'TE-RON PRoT'E-RON, n. [GV.] A figure 

by which the word which should follow comes 

first ; an inversion of order. 
HfS-TE-RoT'O-MY, n. The Cesarean section, 

or cutting a fetus from the womb. 



T the ninth letter of the alphabet, and a vowel, has 

-*-} a long sound as in fine, a short sound as in sin, 
and the sound of long E, as in machine. As a 
numeral it stands for one, and when repeated a 
certain number of times, for as many units ; an 
abbreviation for id, as i. «., id est, or that is. 

I, pron. of the first person ; used by a speaker who 
calls himself I. 

I-AM BI€, a. Pertaining to an iambus. 

I-AM'BI€, I n. ; pi. i-Im'bus-es, i-a.u'bi, or i-am'- 

I-aM'BUS, j~ Bi€S. A poetic foot of two syllables, 
the first short, the last long, as in delight; a verse 
composed of such feet. [back. 

I'BEX, n. A species of goat, with large horns bent 

I'BIS, n. A bi'd with long legs, bill, and broad 
wings; a sacred bird in Egypt. 

l€, as a termination, in chemistry, denotes acids 
that combine the highest quantity of the acidi- 
fying princinle. [flight. 

i-€a'RI-AN ""-^ring high; adventurous in 

ICE, n. YV d to hardness; concreted 

sugar; v. >. cover th ice or concreted sugar; 
to chill c 

iCE'BERf i hill or mountain of ice, 

ICE'-BLI .ght appearance in the hor- 

izon, c reflected from ice beyond. 

ICE'-t 1 am flavored and frozen by a 

freezi 

iCE'-IJ dace for preserving ice during 

Wan 

I€H-T A small animal in Egypt that 

feer roys the eggs of the crocodile. 

I€H if, ra. A ground-plot; a build- 

in sj re entation of the ground-plot of a 

b' 

l'€ i. A thin watery humor. 

l'€ . Like ichor; thin; wateiy; se- 

rous. 

ICHTl J-GY (ik-), n. The science of fishes. 



I€H-THY-oPH'A-GOUS, a. Subsisting on fish. 

I€H-THY-0-SAU'RUS, n. A fish lizard; an ex- 
tinct marine animal. 

i'CI-€LE (T'sik-kl), n. A long, pendent mass of ice. 

i'CI-NESS (i'se-ness), n. The state of being icy or 
very cold. 

I'CING, n. A covering of concreted sugar. 

I-€oN'0-€LA$M, n. The act of breaking or de- 
stroying images, as of idolaters. 

I-€oN'0-€LAST, n. A breaker of images. 

I-€ON-0G'RA-PHY, n. A description of images. 

I-€0-SA-He'DROX, n. A solid of twenty equal 
triangular sides or faces. 

I€-TeR'I€, a. Affected with jaundice. 

i'CY, a. Abounding with ice; like ice; cold. 

I-DE'A, n. Form of any thing in the mind ; no- 
tion ; image in the mind ; an opinion. 

i-Dk'AL, a. Existing in idea or in the fancy. — 
Syn. Visionary ; fanciful ; imaginary ; unreal. 

i-De'AL, n. Intellectual conception. The ideal 
of a thing (from beau ideal) is a conception of it 
in_its most perfect state. [in idea. 

i-De'AL-ISM, n. Theory that every thing exists 

I-De'AL-IST, n. A believer in idealism. 

1-DE-aL'I-TY, n. A capacity for imaginative 
thought. 

I-DE'AL-LY, ad. In idea or imagination. 

+I'DEM. [Z,.] The same. 

I-DfiN'TI-€AL, a. The same ; not different. 

I-DeN'TI-€AL-LY, ad. With sameness. 

I-DEX-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of identifying. 

1-DeN'TI-Fy, v. t. To prove or to make the same; 
v. i. to become the same ; to coalesce in interest, 
&c. 

i-DeN'TI-TY, 11. Sameness, as distinguished 
from similitude and diversity. 

ID-E-0-GRaPII'I€, T a. Representing ideas 

ID-E-0-GRAPH'I€-AL,f independently of sound. 

IDES (Tdz), n. pi. In the ancient Roman calendar, 
the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, 
and the 13th of the other months. 

+ID EST. [L.] That is. 

ID-I-6€'RA-SY, n. Peculiarity of constitution. 

iD'I-O-OY, n. Defect in understanding. 

ID'I-OM, n. A mode of expression or construction 
peculiar to a language. — Syn. Dialect. — The idi- 
oms of a language belong to its very structure ; 
its dialects are varieties of expression ingrafted 
upon it in different localities or by different pro- 
fessions. Each county of England has some pe- 
culiarities of dialect, and so have most of the pro- 
fessions, while the great idioms of the language 
are every where the same. 

ID-I-0-MaT'I€, a. Peculiar to a language. 

ID-I-oP'A-THY, n. A primary disease not conse- 
quent on nor complicated with other morbid af- 
fections. 

ID-I-0-S¥N'€RA-SY, n. A peculiarity of consti- 
tution; peculiar temperament influencing char- 
acter and actions. 

ID'I-OT, n. A natural fool; an oaf. 

ID-I-0T'I€-AL \ a - Like an idiot ; foolisn - 

ID'I-OT-ISM, n. Idiom ; peculiarity of expres- 
sion. 

I'DLE (i'dl), a. Not employed ; affording leisure ; 
averse to labor; of no use or effect. — Syn. Indo- 
lent; lazy. — Indolent denotes an habitual love 
of ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort ; 
idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a dislike of 
continuous exertion. An idle person may be ac- 
tive in his way, but is reluctant to force himself 
to what he does not like. Lazy is only a strong- 
er and more contemptuous term for indolent. 

I'DLE, v. i. To waste time in idleness ; to idle 
away, to spend in idleness, as time. 

I'DLE-NESS, n. State of doing nothing; aver- 
sion to labor. — Syn. Inaction ; indolence ; slug- 
gishness; slothfulness. 

I'DLER, n. One who neglects his business. 



dove, ; 99 x ; Rule, bull; vi"cious. — e as k: 



g as j; $ as z; 



ch as su ; this. + Not English. 



IDL 



208 



ILL 



i'DLY, ad. Sluggishly ; vainly ; foolishly. 

I'DOL, n. An image to be worshiped ; a person 
loved and honored to admiration ; any thing 
upon which we set our affections inordinately. 

I-DoL'A-TER, n. A worshiper of idols ; a great 
admirer. 

1-DoL'A-TRiZE, v. i. To worship idols. 

I-DOL'A-TROUS, a. Given to idolatry ; partak- 
ing of the nature of idolatry or excessive attach- 
ment. 

I-DoL'A-TROUS-LY, ad. By serving idols. 

1-DoL'A-TRY, n. The worship of idols or images ; 
excessive attachment or veneration for an object. 

i'DOL-iZE, v. t. To love or venerate to excess or 
adoration. 

i-Do'NE-OUS, a. Fit ; suitable ; convenient. 

I'DYL, n. A short pastoral poem. 

I. E. for id est. [L.] That is. 

IF is often called a conjunction, but is truly a verb 
in the imperative, gif, give. Grant; allow; sup- 
pose ; admit ; introducing a condition ; whether 
or not. 

IG'NE-OUS, a. Relating to or consisting of fire or 
resembling it; in geology, proceeding from the 
action of fire. 

IG-NES'CENT, a. Yielding sparks of fire. 

IG-NIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing fire. 

IG'NI-FORM, a. Like fire. 

IG-NIg'E-NOUS, a. Produced "oy fire. 

IG-NiP'O-TENT, a. Presiding over fire. 

+1G'NIS FaT'u-US, n. A meteor seen in the night 
over marshy ground, supposed to be phosphoric 
matter from putrefying substances, called also 
Will-with-the-wisp, Jack with a lantern. 

IG-NlTE', v. t. To kindle or render luminous. 

IG-NiTE', v. i. To take fire; to become red with 
heat. [ignited. 

IG-NiT'I-BLE (ig-ni'te-bl), a. Capable of being 

IG-NFTION (-nish'un), n. The act of setting on 
fire_or taking fire ; the state of being kindled. 

IG-No'BLE, a. Of low birth ; of worthless prop- 
erties ; not honorable, elevated, or generous — 
Syn. Degenerate ; degraded ; mean ; base ; dis- 
honorable; infamous; shameful; scandalous. 

IG-No'BLE-NESS, n. Meanness of birth ; want 
of dignity. 

IG-No'BLY, ad. Of low family ; meanly ; basely. 

IG-NO-MIN'I-OUS, a. Incurring disgrace ; of 
mean character; very shameful; worthy of con- 
tempt. — Syn. Cowardly; disgraceful; reproach- 
ful ; dishonorable ; infamous ; despicable ; con- 
temptible; opprobrious. [ly. 

IG-NO-MIN'I-OUS-LY, ad. Meanly; disgraceful- 

IG'NO-MIN-Y, n. Public disgrace for dishonora- 
ble conduct. — Syn. Opprobrium; dishonor; con- 
tempt ; shame ; reproach ; infamy. 

*IG-NO-Ra'MUS, n. ; pi. Ig-no-ra'mtjs-es. LL.] 
An ignorant or foolish person. 

iG'NO-RANCE, n. Want of knowledge. 

IG'NO-RANT, a, Unacquainted with; destitute 
of knowledge or information. — Syn. Illiterate. — 
Ignorant denotes want of knowledge, either as to 
a single subject or to information in general ; 
illiterate refers to an ignorance of letters, or of 
knowledge acquired by reading and study. In 
the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the high- 
er classes were illiterate, and yet were far from 
being ignorant, especially in regard to Avar and 
other active pursuits. [skillfully. 

iG'NO-RANT-LY, ad. Without knowledge ; un- 

IG-NoRE', v. t. To declare ignorance of; to pass 
by as not proved [derived from the doings ot a 
grand jury, who ignored a bill when they refused 
to present it, indorsing thereon ignoramus, we 
are ignorant as to the true merits of the case]. 

I'LEX, n. The holly ; also a kind of evergreen oak. 

IL'I-A€, a. Pertaining to the lower bowels. Iliac 
passion, a painful disease of the smaller intes- 
tines. 

IL'I-AD, n. An epic poem by Homer. 



ILK, n. The same ; each. 

ILL, a. The leading idea is, contrary to good; 
hence, production of evil ; unfortunate, &c. ; in a 
bad state of health. See Illness. 

ILL, n. Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, 
or prevents success. — Syn. Evil ; harm; wicked- 
ness ; depravity ; misfortune ; pain ; calamity. 

ILL, ad. Not well, as iK-suited ; not rightly. The 
use of illy for ill is an error of this country which 
ought to be avoided. I'll, in composition, de- 
notes evil or wrong, or any bad quality. 

IL- LAPSE', n. A sliding in or falling on ; entrance. 

IL-La'QUE-aTE, v. t. To ensnare ; to entangle. 

IL-La'TION, n. An inference ; conclusion. 

IL'LA-TiVE, a. That may be inferred ; inferring. 

IL-LAUD'A-BLE, a. Unworthy of praise. 

ILL'-BReD, a. Not well-bred; impolite. 

ILL'-BREED'ING, n. Want of good breeding. 

IL-Le'GAL, a. Contrary to law ; unlawful ; 
wrong. 

IL-LE-GaL'I-TY, n. Unlawfulness. 

IL-Le'GAL-LY, ad. Unlawfully; unjustly. 

IL-Leg'1-BLE, a. That can not be read. 

IL-Leg'I-BLY. ad. So that it can not be read. 

IL-LE-6IT'I-MA-CY, n. Bastardy ; a want of le- 
gitimacy. 

IL-LE-GiT'I-MATE, a. Unlawful ; not genuine ; 
born out of wedlock; not authorized by good 
usage, as a word, &c. 

ILL-Fa'VOR^D (-fa'vord), a. Ill-looking ; ugly ; 
deformed. [mean. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL, a. Not candid ; uncharitable ; 

IL-LIB-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Narrowness of mind; 
meanness; want of catholic opinion; parsimony. 

IL-LlB'ER-AL-LY, ad. Meanly; disingenuously. 

IL-LIC'IT (-lis'it), a. Not permitted ; unlawful. 

IL-LIC'IT-LY, ad. Unlawfully; lawlessly. 

IL-LIM'IT-A-BLE, a. That can not be bounded. 
— Syn. Boundless ; immeasurable ; immense ; 
vast. [ranee. 

IL-LIT'ER-A-CY, n. Want of learning; igno- 

IL-LIT'ER-ATE, a. Ignorant of letters or books ; 
uninstructed in science, &c. — Syn. Unlettered ; 
unlearned ; untaught. See Ignorant. 

IL-LITjER-ATE-NESS, n. Want of learning. 

ILL-NaT'uRE (-nute'yur), n. Habitual badness 
of temper ; crabbedness ; peevishness. 

ILL~NaT'uR#D (-nate'yurd), a. Of habitually 
bad temper; indicating ili-nature. — Syn. Crabbed; 
fractious; froward; cross. 

ILL'NESS, n. State of being ill ; a continuous dis- 
ease.— Syn. Sickness. — Originally, sickness was 
the English term for a continuous disease, as in 
our version of the Scriptures, &c. Within the 
present century, there has been a tendency in En- 
gland to use illness exclusively in this sense, and 
to confine sickness more especially to a sense of 
nausea, or "sickness of the stomach;" hence it 
is there common to say of a friend, " He has been 
ill for some weeks," " He has had a long illness." 
This practice is gaming ground in America to 
some extent ; but as the Scriptures, the Book of 
Common Prayer, and most of the great English 
writers use " sick" and " sickness" in these cases, 
it is probable the change will be slow, if ever 
made. 

IL-Log'IC-AL, a. Not according to logic. 

IL-Log'IC-AL-LY, ad. With a want of logic. 

ILL'-STaRR^D (-stiird), a. Fated to be unfortu- 
nate. 

ILL'-TuRN, n. An unkind or injurious act ; slight 
attack of illness. 

IL-LuDE', v. t. To mock or deceive. 

IL-LuME', i v. t. To enlighten; to brighten; 

IL-Lu'MiNE.j to adorn. 

IL-Lu'MI-NaTE, v. t. To enlighten; to illus- 
trate; to adorn with pictures, ornamented letters, 
&c, as manuscripts. 

IL-Lu-MI-Na'Ti, n.pl.\ .LiteraK#,those-vhohave 

IL-Lu-MI-NEE', n. j been enlighti-ned ; a 



a, e, &c., long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what ; there, term ; marine, eird ; move, 



ILL 



209 



DIM 



name assumed by persons claiming a superior 
light on some subject, particularly by certain 
philosophers at the commencement of the 19th 
century, who conspired against Christianity. 

IL-Lu-MI-Xa'TION, n. Act of making luminous 
or of enlightening the mind ; a mode of express- 
ing joy by bonfires and lighting up the windows, 
&c ; that which gives light ; art or practice of 
adorning manuscripts, &c. ; a manuscript so 
adorned ; inspiration. 

IL-LC'MI-Xa-TOR, n. He or that which illumin- 
ates or gives light ; one whose occupation is to 
decorate manuscripts and books, &c. 

IL-LU'«IOX c-lu'zhun), n. Deceptive appearance ; 
fal?e show by which one may be disappointed. — 
Syn. Mockery ; deception ; chimera ; fallacy ; er- 
ror : delusion, which see. 

IL-Lu'JIOX-IST, n. One given to illusion. 

IL-Lu'SiVE, a. Deceiving by false show. 

IL-Lu'SO-RY, a. Imposing on; fallacious. 

IL-LuS'TRaTE, v. t. To make clear; to explain; 
to make distinguished; to explain and adorn by 
means of pictures. 

IL-LUS-TRa'TIOX, n. Explanation ; exposition ; 
act of making bright or glorious ; an engraving 
or picture designed to explain, &c. 

IL-LuS'TRA-TiVE, a. Tending to explain. 

IL'LUS-TRa-TOR. n. One who makes clear or 
adorns by pictures, &c. 

IL-LuS'TRI-OUS, a. Distinguished by reputation 
of greatness; conferring honor or renown ; mani- 
festing glory or excellence; a title of honor. — 
— Syn. Eminent; conspicuous; famous; celebra- 
ted ; noble ; glorious ; distinguished, which see. 

IL-LCS TRI-OUS-LY, ad. Conspicuously; with 
dignity or distinction. 

ILL-WiLL', n. Unkind or hostile feeling. — Syn. 
Malice; hatred; pique; enmity. 

IM, in composition, is the usual representative of 
the Latin in. 

iM'AgE, n. The similitude of a person or thing ; 
a statue ; an idol ; an idea ; in rhetoric, a lively 
description ; figure of an object made by rays of 
light, &c. 

SM'Ag-E, v. t. To form a likeness in idea; to rep- 
resent. 

IM'AgE-RY, n. Sensible representation; show; 
a lively description ; figures in discourse. 

IM-ag'IX-A-BLE, a. Possible to be conceived. 

IM-Ag'IX-A-RY, a. Existing only in imagination 
or fancy. — Syn. Fancied ; ideal ; unreal ; vision- 
ary; chimerical; fanciful. 

IM-Ag-IN-a'TION, n. That power by which we 
take parts of our conceptions and combine them 
into new forms and images, more select, more 
striking, more delightful, terrible, &c, than those 
of ordinary nature ; an image formed in the mind. 
— Syn. Fancy. — These terms are often confound- 
ed, but more properly apply to distinct exercises 
of the same general power, the plastic or creative 
faculty. Imagination is the higher exercise ; it 
creates by laws more closely connected with the 
reason ; it has strong emotion as its actuating and 
formative cause; it aims at results of a definite 
and weighty character. Milton's fiery lake, the 
debates of his Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes 
of his Paradise, are all products of the imagina- 
tion. Fancy moves on a lighter wing ; it is gov- 
erned by laws of association which are more re- 
mote, and sometimes arbitrary or capricious; it 
has for its actuating spirit feelings of a lively, 
gay, and versatile character; it seeks to please 
by unexpected combinations of thought, startling 
contrasts, flashes of brilliant imagery, &c. Pope's 
Rape of the Lock is an exhibition of fancy, which 
has scarcely its equal in the literature of any 
country. 

IM-ag'IX-A-TIYE, a. Pertaining to or governed 
by the imagination. 

IM-ag'iXE, v. t. To form ideas in the mind; to 



have a notion or idea ; to modify and combine 
conceptions ; to contrive in purpose. — Syn. To 
fancy ; conceive ; think ; believe ; plan ; devise ; 
scheme ; contrive. 

I-MaM', \ n. A priest among the Mohammed- 

I-MAUM', > ans, or a Mohammedan prince with 

I'MAN, ) spiritual and temporal power. 

IM-BAND , v. t. To form into a band or bands. 

IM-BaXK ', v. t. To inclose or defend with a bank. 

IM-BaXK'MEXT, n. Act of inclosing with a 
bank ; in closure by a bank ; a bank formed. 

IM-BATHE", v. t. To bathe all over. 

iM'BE-CiLE (im'be-sil), a. Destitute of strength 
either of body or mind. — Syn. Debilitated ; fee- 
ble; infirm ; weak; languid; impotent. 

IM-BE-CiL'I-TY, n. Want of strength; feeble- 
ness of body or mind. See Debility. 

IM-BF:D', v. t To sink or cover, as in a bed. 

IM-BiBE', v. t. To drink ; to absorb ; to receive 
and retain. 

IM-BfT'TER, v. t. To make bitter; to exasper- 
ate; to make unhappy ; to render more violent. 

IM-BuD'Y. See Embody. 

IM-BOR'DER, v. t. To furnish or adorn with a 
border; to bound. 

IM-BoSK', v. t. To conceal, as in bushes. 

IM-Bo'SOM (-buz'um), v. t. To embrace or hold 
in the bosom ; to hold in nearness and intimacy. 

IM-BuW, v. t. To make of circular form. 

IM'BRI-€ATE, \a. Bent or hollowed like a 

iM'BRI-€a-TED,j roof-tile; lapping over like 
the tiles of a roof, or as leaves in the bud. 

+IM-BRoGL'IO (iin-brol'yo), n. An intricate, 
complicated plot ; intricacy. 

IM-BROWN,' v. t. To make brown or dark; to 
tan, as the complexion. 

IM-BR€E' (31) (im-bru'), v. t. To steep ; to moist- 
en ; to drench in blood. 

IM-BRuTE', v. t. To degrade to a state of a brute ; 
v. i._to sink to the state of a brute. 

IM-BuE' (im-baO, v. t. To tincture deeply; to 
tinge; to cause to imbibe. 

IM-BuRSE', v. t. To stock with money. 

IM-BuRSE'MEXT, n. The act of supplying mon- 
ey; money laid up in stock. 

iM'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be imitated or copied. 

IM'I-TaTE, v. t. To follow in manners ; to copy 
in form, color, or quality ; to counterfeit. 

IM-I-Ta'TIOX, n. Act of copying or following; 
that which is made or produced as a copy; a 
likeness ; a resemblance. 

iM'I-Ta-TIYE, a. That imitates ; aiming at like- 
ness ; inclined to follow in manner. 

IM'I-Ta-TOR, n. One who copies or attempts a 
resemblance ; one who follows in manner or de- 
portment. 

IM-Ma€'u-LATE, a. Spotless; pure; undefiled. 

IM-Ma€'u-LATE-XESS, n. Spotless purity. 

IM-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. That can not be hammer- 
ed out. 

IM-MA-Xa'TION, n. A flowing or entering in. 

iM'MA-XEX-CY, n. Internal dwelling. 

IM'MA-XEXT, a. Inherent ; having a permanent 
existence, as an immanent volition. 

IM-MAX'I-TY, n. Barbarity; cruelty. 

IM-MaX'u-EL, n. [Kcb.~\ God with us; a name 
given to the Savior. 

IM-MASK', v. t. To disguise, as with a mask. 

IM-:>IA-TE'RI-AL, a. Xot consisting of matter, as 
immaterial spirits; without weight; of no es- 
sential consequence. — Sy:n. Incorporeal ; unsub- 
stantial; spiritual; unimportant; inconsidera- 
ble; trifling; insignificant. 

IM-MA-TE'RI-AL-Ia>M, n. The doctrine of the ex- 
istence or state of spiritual substances, or spirit- 
ual being. 

IM-MA-Tt/RI-AL-IST, n. One who professes im- 
materiality. 

IM-MA-TE-RI-aL'I-TY, \ n. The state or quality 

IM-MA-Tli'RI-AL-XESS,j of being immaterial. 



dove, wolf, look ; kule, bcll ; vi"ciocs. — e as k ; (i as j ; s as z ; ch as sn , this. * 2iot English, 

O 



IMM 



210 



IMP 



IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-LY, ad. As not defending on 
matter ; so as to be unimportant. 

IM-MA-TORE', a. Imperfect in growth; not ar- 
rived at fullness or completeness; come before 
the natural time. — Syn. Premature; unripe; in- 
complete; hasty; early; too forward. 

IM-MA-TuRE'LY, ad. Too early; unseasonably. 

IM-MA-TuRE'NESS,? n. Unripeness; incom- 

IM-MA-Tu'RI-TY, J pleteness. 

IM-MeAS'UR-A-BLE (im-muzh'ur-a-bl), a. That 
can not be measured ; immense. 

IM-MeA$'UR-A-BLY, ad. Beyond all measure. 

IM-ME-€HaN'I€-AL, a. Not according to the 
laws_ of mechanics; not by mechanical means. 

IM-Me'DI-ATE, a. Acting without a medium, or 
the intervention of another cause or means ; not 
acting by second causes, as, the immediate will 
of God ; without intervening time. — Syn. Proxi- 
mate ; direct ; efficient ; undelayed ; instant. 

IM-Me'DI-ATE-LY, ad. Without the interven- 
tion of any means ; without delay. See Direct- 
ly. 

IM-Me'DI-ATE-NESS, n. Exemption from inter- 
vening causes ; presence as to time. 

IM-MeD'I-€A-BLE, a. That can not be healed. 

IM-ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Without melody. 

IM-ME-Mo'RI-AL, a. The origin of which is be- 
yond memory. 

IM-ME-Mo'RI-AL-LY, ad. Beyond memory. 

IM-MeNSE', a. Without bounds; vast in extent; 
without known or defined limit; huge in bulk. 
— Syn. Infinite; immeasurable; illimitable; in- 
terminable; prodigious; enormous; monstrous. 

IM-MeNSE'LY, ad. Without limits ; vastly. 

IM-MeN'SI-TY, t n. Unlimited extension ; 

lM-MfiNSE'NESS,j vastnessin bulk. 

IM-MEN-SU-RA-BiL'I-TY, n. Impossibility of 
being measured or bounded. 

IM-MeN'SU-RA-BLE (-mGn'shur-a-bl), a. That 
can not be measured. 

IM-MeRgE', v. t. To plunge into a fluid. 

IM-MeRgE', v. i. To disappear by entering into 
a medium, as into light or shadow. 

IM-MeRSE', v. t. To put into or under water or 
any other fluid ; to sink or cover deep ; to plunge ; 
to overwhelm ; to involve ; to engage deeply. 

IM-MeR'SION (-mer'shun), n. A plunging com- 
pletely or being plunged in some fluid ; state of 
being completely occupied, as in Business; en- 
trance of a heavenly body into light or shade so 
as to disappear. 

IM-MeSH', v. t. To entangle in meshes. 

IM-ME-THoD'I€-AL, a. Having no method; 
without systematic arrangement, order, or regu- 
larity. — Syn. Irregular ; confused; unsystematic; 
disorderly; undigested. 

iM'MI-GRANT, n. A person that removes into a 
country as a permanent residence. 

IM'MI-GRaTE, v. t. To remove into a country 
for residence. 

IM-MI-GRa'TION, n. Removal into a country for 
residence. 

IM'MI-NENCE, n. Literally, a hanging over; 
hence some impending evil or danger. 

IM'MI-NENT, a. Literally, hanging directly 
over ; hence, about to fall or overwhelm ; ur- 
gent in the highest degree. — Syn. Impending ; 
threatening. Imminent is the strongest : it de- 
notes that something is ready to fall on the in- 
stant, as, in imminent danger of one's life; im- 
pending denotes that something hangs suspended 
over us, and may so remain indefinitely, as the 
impending evils of war; threatening supposes 
some danger in prospect, but more remote, as 
threatening indications for the future. 

IM-MIS-CI-BiL'I-TY, n. Incapacity of being 
mixed. 

IM-MiS'CI-BLE, a. Incapable of being mixed. 

IM-MiS'SION, n. Act of sending in. 

IM-MiT', v. t. To send in; to inject. 



IM-MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. That can not be mitiga- 

IM-MiX', v. t. To mix ; to mingle. [ted. 

IM-MO-BiL'I-TY, n. Fixedness in place or state ; 
resistance to motion ; state of being unmoved. 

IM-MOD'ER-ATE, a. Exceeding just or usual 
bounds ; not confined to proper limits. — Syn. Ex- 
cessive ; extravagant. 

IM-M6D'ER-ATE-LY, ad. In an immoderate or 
unreasonable manner; excessively. 

IM-MOD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. A state of exceeding 
just or usual bounds ; extravagance. 

IM-MoD'EST, a. Literally, not limited to due 
bounds ; hence, wanting in decency and delicacy ; 
wanting in chastity.— Syn. Indecorous; impure; 
indelicate; shameless; indecent. 

IM-M6D'EST-LY, ad. Without due reserve ; un- 
chastely. [or reserve. 

IM-M6D'EST-Y, n. Want of modesty, delicacy, 

iM'MO-LaTE, v. t. To sacrifice, as a victim. 

IM-MO-La'TION, n. Act of sacrificing; a sacri- 
fice offered up. 

iM'MO-La-TOR, n. One who sacrifices. 

IM-MoR'AL, a. Inconsistent with moral recti- 
tude ; contrary to the Divine law Syn. Wicked ; 

vicious; depraved; profligate; licentious; evil. 

IM-MO-RAL'I-TY, n. Any act or practice contra- 
ry to the Divine law or social duties. — Syn. In- 
justice ; dishonesty; pride; slander; profane- 
ness; gaming; intemperance; wickedness; vi- 
ciousness; impurity; licentiousness. All crimes 
are immoralities, but, crime expresses more than 
immorality. [ner. 

IM-M6R'AL-LY, ad. In a wicked or vicious man- 

IM-MoR'TAL, a. Never dying or ending; having 
unlimited existence ; destined to perpetual fame. 
— Syn. Eternal; everlasting; ceaseless; endless; 
imperishable; incorruptible; deathless. 

IM-MOR-TaL'I-TY, n. Immortal existence; per- 
petuity ; exemption from oblivion. 

IM-MGR'TAL-iZE, v. t. To make immortal ; to 
exempt from oblivion. 

IM-MoR'TAL-LY, ad. With endless existence, or 
exemption from oblivion. 

IM-MoV-A-BiL'I-TY, \ n. Steadfastness that 

IM-MoV'A-BLE-NESS,j" can not be moved or 
shaken. 

IM-MoV'A-BLE (-moov'a-bl), a. That can not be 
moved, altered, or affected; hot susceptible of 
tender feelings; not liable to be moved; not to 
be shaken or agitated. — Syn. Fixed ; stable ; 
steadfast ; unchangeable. 

IM-MoV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being im- 
movable. 

IM-MoV'A-BLl?$ (-moov'a-blz), n. pi. In laio, the 
opposite of movables. [en firmness. 

IM-MoV'A-BLY (-moov'a-bly), ad. With unshak- 

IM-Mu'NI-TY, n. Exemption from duty, charge, 
or tax ; peculiar privilege ; freedom. 

IM-MuRE', v. t. To inclose in walls; to confine; 
to imprison. 

IM-Mu'SI€-AL, a. Not musical ; inharmonious.' 

IM-MU-TA-BlL'I-TY, \n. Possessing the quality 

IM-Mu'TA-BLE-NESS, j of not being changed. 

IM-Mu'TA-BLE, a. That can not be changed. 

IM-Mu'TA-BLY, ad. Unchangeably; unaltera- 
bly; invariably. 

IMP, v. t. To graft ; to lengthen ; to enlarge. 

IMP, n. Offspring; a subaltern or puny devil. 

IM-PaCT', v. t. To drive close together; to make 
tight. 

IM'PAOT, n. Act of striking against another 
body ; impression ; blow or stroke received from 
another body. 

IM-PAIR' (4), v. t. To make worse ; to diminish in 
quantity, value, or excellence ; to make less 
strong. — Syn. To weaken ; inj ure ; enfeeble ; de- 
crease. 

IM-PaLE', v. t. To fix on a stake ; to inclose with 
stakes, &c. See Empale. 

IM-PaLE'MENT, n. Act of impaling. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mae'ine, bird; move, 



IMP 



211 



DIP 



IM-PAL-PA-BiL'I-TY, n. Quality of not being 
perceptible by the touch. 

IM-PAL'PA-BLE, a. That can not be feltj not 
coarse or gross. [predated. 

IM-PaL'PA-BLY, ad. So as not to be felt or ap- 

IM-PAL'£Y (-pol'zy), v. t. To paralyze ; to deaden. 

IM-PA-Na'TIOX, n. The supposed presence and 
union of Christ's body with the bread in the Eu- 
charist; consubstantiation. 

IM-PAX'EL, v. t. To form or enroll a jury. 

IM-PAR'A-DlSE, v. t. To make happy; to put in 
a place or state of felicity. 

IM-PAR'I-TY, n. Difference of degree, rank, or 
excellence; inequality, disproportion. 

IM-PaRK', v. t. To inclose for making a park. 

IM-PaRT', v. t. To make another a sharer in; to 
bestow on another; to convey knowledge of some- 
thing; to show by words or tokens. — Syn. To 
give ; grant ; share ; confer ; reveal ; disclose ; 
communicate, which see. 

IM-PaR'TIAL (-par'shal), a. Free from bias; 
not favoring one more than another. — Syn. Un- 
prejudiced; disinterested; just; equal; equitable. 

IM-PXR-TIaL'I-TY, n. Fieedom from bias; in- 
difference of opinion or judgment. — Syn. Justice ; 
disinterestedness ; equitableness. 

IM-PaR'TIAL-LY, ad. "Without prejudice or bias 
of judgment; justly; equitably. 

IM-PaRT I-BLE, a. Not partible; that may be 
conferred, bestowed, or communicated. 

IM-PaRT MEXT, n. Act of communicating. 

IM-PaSS'A-BLE, n. That can not be passed; not 
admitting a passage. — Syn. Impervious ; impen- 
etrable; pathless. 

IM-PAS-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. Exemption from suffer- 
ing or pain ; insusceptibility of injury from with- 
out. 

IM-PaS'SI-BLE, a. Incapable of passion or pain. 

IM-PAS'SIOX (-pash'un), v. t. To affect with pas- 
sion. 

IM-PaS'SION-aTE, v. t. To affect powerfully. 

IM-PAS'SIOX-ATE, a. Strongly affected ; without 
passion or feeling. 

IM-PAS'SIOX.E'D (-pash'und), a. Animated; ex- 
pressive of passion or ardor. [ing. 

IM-PAS'SIVE, a. Not susceptible of pain or suffer- 

IM-PAS'SlVE-LY, ad. Without sensibility to pain. 

IM-PAS-SiV'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being 
insusceptible of feeling pain or suffering. 

IM-PAS-Ta'TIOX, n. A union or mixture of dif- 
ferent substances by means of cements. 

IM-PaSTE', v. t. To knead ; to make into paste ; 
to lay on colors thick. 

IM-Pa'TIENCE (-shence), n. Uneasiness under 
want, pain, delay, &c. ; the not enduring pain 
with composure. 

IM-Pa'TIENT (-shent), a. Not quiet under suffer- 
ing or want ; hasty ; not enduring delay ; uneasy. 

IM-Pa'TIENT-LY, ad. "With uneasiness or rest- 
lessness. 

IM-PAWJJ', v. t. To pawn; to pledge as security. 

IM-PeACH' (-peechO, v. t. To charge with crime 
or impropriety ; appropriately, to present for tri- 
al before the proper tribunal, as a public officer in 
certain cases; to call in question, as the veraci- 
ty of a witness. — Syn. To arraign; indict; crim- 
inate ; censure ; accuse, which see. 

IM-PeACH'A-BLE, a. Liable to impeachment. 

IM-PeACH'ER, n. One who accuses. 

IM-PeACH'MENT, n. Act of impeaching ; accu- 
sation before a competent tribunal. 

IM-PeARL' (-perl'), v. t. To adorn with pearls. 

IM-PE€-€A-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of not be- 
ing liable to sin. 

IM-P£€'€A-BLE, a. Not subject to sin; perfect. 

IM-PeDE', v. t. Literally, to act against the feet; 
to hold back or obstruct by some opposing cause. 
— Syn. To hinder ; arrest ; delay ; retard. 

IM-PeD'I-MEXT, n. That which checks or im- 
pedes progress ; that which prevents ease and flu- 



ency of speech. — Syn. Obstacle; difficulty; hin- 
derance. — An impediment literally strikes against 
our feet, and we remove it ; an obstacle rises up 
before us in our path, and we surmount it; a 
difficulty sets before us something hard to be done, 
and we encounter it and overcome it; a hinder- 
ance holds us back for a time, but we break away 
from it. 

IM-PeL', v. t. To urge or drive forward ; to put 
under strong pressure ; to excite strongly to ac- 
tion. — Syn. To instigate ; incite ; compel ; induce. 

IM-P£L'LENT, n. A power that drives forward ; 
a. having the quality of impelling. 

IM-PeXD', v. i. To hang over; to threaten; to be 
near or ready to fall on. 

3£&S3%j* A hanging over. 

IM-P£ND'ENT,\ a. Hanging over; approaching 

IM-PeXD'IXG, J near; pressing closely. — Syn. 
Imminent ; menacing ; instant. See Imminent. 

IM-PEN-E-TRA-BLL'I-TY, n. Quality of not be- 
ing penetrable. 

IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. That can not be pierced ; 
not to be affected or moved ; not to be entered or 
viewed by the sight or mind. 

IM-PeN'E-TRA-BLY, ad. So as not to be pene- 
trated or pierced. 

M-PeX'I-TEXCE, \ n. Want of penitence ; ob- 

IM-PeX'I-TEX-CY,] duracy; hardness of heart. 

IM-PeX'I-TENT, n. One who does not repent ; a. 
not repenting of sin ; of a hard heart. 

M-PeX'I-TEXT-LY, ad. Without repentance. 

IM-PeR'A-TIVE, a. Having authority; com- 
manding; pressing. 

IM-PeP/A-TiVE-LY, ad. With command. 

IM-PER-CEIV'A-BLEJ a. Not to be perceived; 

IaI-PER-CeP'TI-BLE,j very small ; minute ; 
very slow in progress. [ceived. 

BI-PER-CeP'TI-BLY, ad. So as not to be per- 

IM-PeR'FE€T (13), a. Not finished; not com- 
plete; defective; liable to err; not entire, sound, 
or whole ; in botany, wanting stamens or pistils. 

IM-PER-Fe€'TION, n. The want of something 
necessary to complete a thing ; in book-binding, 
a sheet or signature wanting to complete a book. 
— Syn. Defect; deficiency; fault; failing; weak- 
ness; foible; blemish; vice. 

IM-PeR'FE-OT-LY, ad. Not fully or completely. 

IM-PeR'EO-RA-BLE, a. That can not be perfo- 
rated or pierced. 

IM-PeR'FO-RATE, \ a. Not perforated or 

IM-PeR'FO-Ra-TED, J" pierced ; having no 
pores. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL, a. Belonging to an emperor or an 
empire; royal; commanding. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL, n. A tuft of hair under the lower 
lip, first worn by the Imperialist troops. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-IST, n. The subject of an emperor. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-LY, ad. As though royal or com- 
manding. 

IM-PeR'IL, v. t. To bring into danger. 

IM-Pe'RI-OUS, a. Noting a spirit of arrogance 
and dictation ; commanding, as imperious words. 
— Syn. Lordly; domineering. — One who is impe- 
rious exercises his authority in a manner highly 
offensive for its spirit and tone ; one who is lord- 
ly assumes a lofty air in order to display his im- 
portance; one who is domineering gives orders in 
a way to make others feel their inferiority. 

IM-Pe'RI-OUS-LY, ad. Insolently; with com- 
mand. 

IM-PE'RI-OUS-NESS : n. Commanding authori- 
ty; haughtiness. 

IM-PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not likely to perish. 

IM-Pf;R'MA-NENCE, n. Want of continued du- 
ration. 

IM-PER-ME-A-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of not 
allowing fluids to pass through. 

IM-PeR'ME-A-BLE, a. That can not be passed 
through the pores. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vi"ciors. — € as k; g 



s as z ; ch as sh ; tuts. 



+ 2fot English. 



IMP 



212 



IMP 



IM-PeR'SON-AL, a. Having no person, as a verb. 

IM-PER-SON-aL'I-TY, n. Indistinctness of per- 
sonality, [nominative. 

IM-PeR'SON-AL-LY, ad. "Without a personal 

IM-PeR'SON-aTE, v. t. To assume or represent 
the person or character of another ; personify. 

IM-PER-SON-a'TION, n. The act of personify- 
ing, or representing things without life as per- 
sons, [mind. 

IM-PER-SPI-€u'I-TY, n. Want of clearness to the 

IM-PER-SPi€'u-OUS, a. Not perspicuous or plain. 

IM-PER-SUa'SI-BLE, a. Not to be persuaded or 
moved by argument. 

IM-PeR'TI-NENCE, \ n. Literally, that which 

IM-PeR'TI-NEN-CY, J does not pertain to the 
case in hand ; hence, unbecoming intrusion ; 
rude interference with others, either in words or 
actions; something of little or no value. — Syn. 
Irrelevance ; rudeness ; sauciness ; obtrusive- 
ness; officiousness; intermeddling. 

IM-PkR'TI-NENT (13), a. Literally, not pertain- 
ing to the matter in hand ; hence, rudely irrele- 
vant, as an impertinent remark; rudely obtru- 
sive, as an impertinent fellow. — Stn. Officious. — 
A person is officious who obtrudes his offices or as- 
sistance where they are not needed ; he is imper- 
tinent when he intermeddles in things with which 
he has no concern. The former shows a want of 
tact; the latter a want of breeding, or, more 
commonly, a spirit of sheer impudence. 

IM-PeK'TI-NENT-LY, ad. In a rude, irrelevant 
manner; officiously. 

IM-PER-TuR'BA-BLE, a. That can not be dis- 
turbed, [tion. 

IM-PER-TUR-Ba'TION, n. Freedom from agita- 

IM-PER'VI-A-BLE, a. Not to be penetrated. 

IM-PER'VI-OUS (13), a. Not to be penetrated ; 
not penetrable by a pointed instrument or by 
light; not permeable to fluid. — Syn. Impassable; 
pathless; impenetrable; impermeable. 

IM-PeR'VI-OUS-LY, ad. In a manner to prevent 
passage or penetration. 

IM-PeR'VI-OUS-NESS, n. State of not admit- 
ting a passage. 

iM'PE-TRaTE, v. t. To obtain by request. 

IM-PE-TRa'TION, n. Act of obtaining by re- 
quest, prayer, or petition. 

IM-PET-u-oS'I-TY, n. A rushing with violence; 
furiousness of temper. — Stn. Rapidity; fury; ve- 
hemence; fierceness; passion. 

IM-PeT'u-OUS (-pet'yu-us), «• Rushing with vio- 
lence; vehement of mind; moving with precip- 
itation or violence. — Syn. Forcible; rapid; hasty; 
furious; boisterous; fierce; passionate. 

IM-PeT'u-OUS-LY, ad. With vehemence; furi- 
ously, [of temper. 

IM-PeT'u-OUS-NESS, n. Violence of motion or 

iM'PE-TUS, n. Force of motion ; impulse ; mo- 
mentum. 

IM-PIERCE', v. t. To pierce through. 

IM-PI'E-TY, n. Irreverence to the Supreme Be- 
ing; contempt of the Divine character and au- 
thority ; neglect of the Divine precepts ; any act 
of wickedness. — Syn. Ungodliness ; irreligion ; 
unrighteousness; supineness; profaneness; infi- 
delity; blasphemy. 

IM-PlN&E', v. t. To fall or dash with force against. 

iM'PI-OUS, a. Irreverent toward God ; manifest- 
ing contempt for his authority ; tending to dis- 
honor him, &c— Syn. Ungodly; profane; irre- 
ligious; wicked; sinful; rebellious. 

iM'PI-OUS-LY, ad. With irreverence ; profanely. 

iM'PI-OUS-NESS, n. Contempt of God. 

IMP'ISH, a. Having the qualities of an imp. 

IM-PLA-OA-BII/I-TY, \ n. The quality of be- 

IM-PLa'€A-BLE-NESS,| ing not appeasable; 
inexorableness ; irreconcilable anger. 

IM-PLa'€A-BLE, a. Not to be appeased or made 
peaceful ; constant in enmity ; not to be sub- 
dued. — Syn. Inexorable; unappeasable; irrecon- 



cilable; unrelenting; relentless; malicious; stub- 
born, [ty. 

IM-PLa'€A-BLY, ad. With unappeasable enmi- 

IM-PLANT', v. t. To set, plant, or infix for growth. 
— Syn. To insert; ingraft; introduce; instill; in- 
fuse, [the mind. 

IM-PLAN-Ta'TION, n. Act of setting or fixing in 

IM-PLAU'SI-BLE, a. Not plausible or wearing 
the appearance of truth. 

IM-PLeAD', v. t. To sue or prosecute at law. 

IM'PLE-MENT, n. Whatever may supply wants ; 
a tool_ or instrument ; utensil. 

IM-PLe'TION (-ple'shun), n. Act of filling up ; 
fullness. 

iM'PLEX, a. Having a complicate nature ; intri- 
cate ; unfolded. 

IM'PLI-€aTE, v. t. To infold ; to involve ; to 
bring into connection with; to show to be con- 
nected or concerned. 

IM-PLI-€a'TION, n. Act of involving ; tacit in- 
fGrencc 

iM'PLI-OA-TiVE, a. Having implication. 

IM-PLiC'IT (im-plis'it), a. Literally, wrapped up 
in ; hence, implied though not expressed, as an 
implicit engagement; resting wholly on another, 
as implicit confidence. 

IM-PLiO'IT-LY, ad. By inference ; unreservedly. 

IM-PLiC'IT-NESS, n. State of trusting without 
reserve. 

IM-PLI'ED-LY, ad. By implication. 

IM-PLO-Ra'TION, n. Earnest supplication. 

IM-PLoRE', v. t. To call upon or for in supplica- 
tion ; to pray earnestly; to petition with urgency. 
— Syn. To supplicate ; beseech ; entreat ; solicit ; 
beg;_crave. 

IM-PLoR'ER, n. One who supplicates earnestly. 

IM-PLoR'ING-LY, ad. In the way of earnest be- 
seeching. 

IM-PLuMj&D' (-plumd'),l a. Having no plumes 

IM-PLuM'OUS, J or feathers. 

IM-PLu'VI-UM, n. The shower-bath ; an embro- 
cation ; anciently, the outer part of the court of a 
house exposed to the weather. 

IM-PLy', v. t. To contain in substance or by in- 
ference. — Syn. To include; denote; involve, which 
see. [ter. 

IM-POI'SON (-poi'zn), v. t. To poison ; to imbit- 

IM-P6I/I-CY, n. Iuexpedience ; defect of wis- 
dom. 

IM-PO-LiTE', a. Not having or using politeness. 
— Syn. Uncivil; rude; discourteous; ill-bred. 

IM-PO-LiTE'LY, ad. Uncivilly; rudely. 

IM-PO-LiTE-NESS, n. Want of good manners ; 
ill-breeding. 

IM-PoL'I-TI-e, a. Not wise ; not adapted to the 
end. — Syn. Indiscreet; incautious; inexpedient; 
ill-advised. 

IM-PON-DER-A-BiL'I-TY, > n. Destitution of 

IM-P6N'DER-A-BLE-NESS,i sensible weight. 

IM-PoN'DER-A-BLE,? a. Having no sensible 

IM-P6N'DER-OUS, j" weight. 

IM-PO-RoS'I-TY, n. Want of pores; compactness. 

IM-Po'ROUS, a. Having no pores ; compact. 

IM-PoRT', v. t. To bring from another country 
or port; to bear or convey, r.s signification or 
meaning ; to be of moment or consequence. — Syn. 
To introduce ; denote ; mean ; signify ; imply ; 
interest; concern. 

IM'PoRT, n. That which is borne or conveyed by 
words; meaning; signification; that which is 
brought in from another country or state, gener- 
ally in the plural, as, our imp>orts exceed our ex- 
ports ; weight, consequence, or importance. 

IM-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That may be imported. 

IM-P6R'TANCE, n. Literally, that which is 
brought in; hence, that which seriously affects 
our interests, or the case in hand ; weight or con- 
sequence. — Syn. Moment ; significance ; value ; 
magnitude; seriousness; urgency. 

IM-P6R'TANT, a. Of great consequence ; bearing 



a, e, &c, long.— I, 2, &c, short— cake, fak, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maeine, bibd; move, 



IMP 



213 



IMP 



seriously on some interest or result; weighty. — 
Syn. Grave; serious; influential; urgent; mo- 
mentous; forcible. 

IM-P6K'TANT-LY, ad. With importance. 

IM-PoR-Ta'TION, n. Act of bringing, as goods, 
from foreign countries into one's own; goods 
thus brought in. 

IM-PuRT'ER, n. One who hrings from abroad 
goods. &c. 

IM-P6RT'u-XATE (-port'yu-nate), a. Pressing 
with solicitation ; urgent for gratification, as ap- 
petites, [tion. 

IM-PoRTu-NATE-LY, ad. With urgent solicita- 

IM-PoRT'u-XATE-XESS, n. Pressing solicitation. 

IM-POR-TuXE', v. t. To urge with vehemence 
and frequency. 

IM-POR-Tu'NI-TY, n. Urgency in request. 

IM-POS'A-BLE, a. That may be laid on. 

IM-PoSE', v. t. To lay on, as a burden, tax, duty, 
or penalty; to place over hy authority or force; 
to lay on, as a command, or as hands in ordi- 
nation; among printers, to put the pages on the 
stone, and fit on the chase, and prepare the form 
for the press. To impose on is to deceive ; de- 
lude. 

IM-PoS'ER, n. One who imposes or enjoins. 

IM-PoS'IXG-LY, ad. As if by authority. 

IM-PoS'IXG-SToXE, n. The stone on which 
printers make up their forms. 

IM-PO-SF'TIOX (-zish'un), n. A laying on, as of 
hands in ordination ; something laid on, as a 
duty, excise, &c. ; some trick or deception by 
which one is imposed upon. See Deception. 

IM-POS-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. That which can not be. 

IM-PoS'SI-BLE, a. That can not be or be done. 
^^Impracticable. 

iM'PoST, n. Duty on goods paid by the importer; 
part of a pillar in vaults and arches on which the 
weight of the building rests; cornice which serves 
for the base in building an arch. — Syn. Toll ; 
tribute ; excise ; custom ; duty. 

IM-PoST'HU-MaTE, v. i. To gather into an ab- 
scess or aposteme ; v. t. to affect with an abscess. 

IM-POST-HU-Ma'TION, n. The forming of an 
abscess. [aposteme. 

IM-PoST'HuME (-post'hnme),n. An abscess; an 

IM-PoS'TOR, n. One who imposes on others ; a 
deceiver. 

IM-PoST'uRE (-post'yur), n. Deception practiced 
under a false guise or assumed character. — Syn. 
Cheat; fraud; trick; imposition; delusion. 

iM'PO-TEXCE, \ n. Want of power, animal or 

SM'PO-TEN-CY,f intellectual; want of inclina- 
tion to resist or overcome habits, &c. ; inability 
to procreate. — Syn. Weakness ; feebleness ; imbe- 
cility ; inability ; infirmity. [power. 

iM'PO-TEXT, a. Weak ; wanting competent 

DI'PO-TEXT-LY, ad, Weakly; without power 
over the passions. 

EM-POUND', v. t. To confine in a pound; to re- 
strain within limits. 

IM-P6VER-ISH, v. t. To reduce to poverty; to 
exhaust strength, richness, and fertility. 

IM-P5VER-ISH-MENT, n. A reducing to indi- 
gence ; exhaustion of fertility. 

IM-PRAC'TI-CA-BLE, a. That can not be per- 
formed, or not with the means proposed; impass- 
able, as the road is impracticable [i*Y.] ; stub- 
born; unmanageable, as a man of impracticable 
will. — Syn. Impossible. — A thing is impracticable 
when it can not be accomplished by any human 
means at present possessed ; a thing is impossible 
when the laws of nature forbid it. The naviga- 
tion of a river may now be impracticable, but not 
impossible, because the existing obstructions may 
yet be removed. 

IM-PRa€'TI-CA-BLE-NESS,J n. The state or 

IM-PRAC-TI-CA-BiL'I-TY, j quality of being 
beyond human power or the means proposed, or 
of being managed and swayed. — Syn. Impossi- 



bility; infeasibility ; untractableness ; unman- 
ageableness ; stubbornness. 

i\TPRE-€aTE, v. t. To invoke, as an evil or 
curse on one. 

IM-PRE-€a'TIOX, n. The invocation of evil.— 
Syn. Curse; execration; malediction; anathema. 

i\l'PRE-€A-TO-RY, a. Containing a prayer for 
evil to befall a person. 

IM-PRE-Ci$'IOX (-sizh'un), n. Want of accuracy. 

IM-PREG'XA-BLE, a. Not to be stormed or taken 
by assault; able to resist an attack; not to be 
moved or impressed. 

IM-PR£G'XA-BLY, ad. So as to resist assault or 
defy force. 

IM-PReG'XaTE. v. t. To make pregnant ; to de- 
posit pollen on the pistils of a flower ; to commu- 
nicate the virtues of one thing to another. 

IM-PREG-Xa'TIOX, n. Act of impregnating; 
communication of particles or virtues of one thing 
to another; that with which any thing is so af- 
fected. 

IM-PReSS', v. t. Literally, to press in ; hence, to 
stamp or imprint ; to fix deep, as a truth in the 
mind; to affect, as favorably impressed; to force 
into the service of the public, as seamen, &c. 

iM'PRESS, n. That which is impressed ; mark ; 
stamp. [pressible. 

IM-PRESS-I-BIL/I-TY, n. Capacity of being im- 

IM-PReSS'I-BLE, a. That easily receives or 
yields to an impression ; that can be stamped on 
another body. 

IM-PReS'SIOX (-presh'un), n. The act of impress- 
ing one body on another ; a mark, as of a seal on 
wax; effect of objects on the mind; an image 
in the mind; idea; sensible effect; slight remem- 
brance ; a single edition of a book ; copy of an 
engraving, &c, from the engraved block or plate. 

IM-PReSS'IVE, a. Producing a powerful effect ; 
tending to make an impression or able to excite 
attention and feeling; adapted to touch the sen- 
sibility, &c. ; capable of being impressed. 

IM-PKeSS'iVE-LY, ad. So as to make a deep im- 
pression, [impressive. 

IM-PReSS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being 

IM-PReSS'MENT, n. The act of forcing men into 
the public or other service ; seizing for the pub- 
lic use. 

M-PReSS'URE (-prSsh'ur), n. Mark made by 
pressure. 

■tTM-PRI-MA'TUR, n. [£.] License to print a 
book ; used also to denote approval by a critic, 
&c. 

+IM-PRi'aIIS, ad. [L.] First ; in the first place. 

IM-PRiXT'. v. t. To print ; to impress ; to fix deep 
on the mind or memory. 

DI'PRIXT, n. The name of a publisher inserted 
in the title-page of a book, with the name of the 
place where published, time of publication, &c. 

IM-PRIS'ON (-priz'zn), v. t. To put in a prison; 
to confine. 

IM-PRIS'OX-MEXT, n. Confinement in prison. 

IM-PROB-A-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of being 
not likely to be true. 

IM-PR6B'A-BLE, a. Not likely to be true or to 
happen. 

IM-PR6B'A-BLY, ad. Without likelihood. 

IM-PRoB'I-TY, n. Want of rectitude or moral 
principle ; dishonesty. 

IM-PR6MP'TU, ad. Without previous study; n. 
a piece made off-hand or an extemporaneous com- 
position. 

IM-PROP'ER, a. Not appropriate; not suited to 
the end aimed at ; not suited to circumstances, 
place, character, &c. ; unbecoming; not suited 
to a particular office or service ; unqualified ; 
not according to the idiom of a language, as an 
improper word. — Syn. Inappropriate ; unsuita- 
bly ; out of place ; ill-timed ; unseasonable. 
| M-PR6P'ER-LY, ad. In an unfit or unsuitable 
| manner; wrongly. 



dove, avolf, book ; rule, BULL ; vi"cious. — c as k ; g as J ; s as z ; ch as su ; this. * Not English. 



IMP 



214 



INA 



IM-PRo'PRI-aTE, v. t. To take to one's self; to 
place the profits of ecclesiastical property in the 
hands of a layman. 

IM-PRO-PRI-a'TION, n. The putting of ecclesi- 
astical property into the hands of a layman. 

IM-PRo'PRI- A-TO R, n. A layman having church 
lands. 

IM-PRO-PRI'E-TY, n. Unfitness ; unsuitableness 
to time, place, or character ; inaccuracy of lan- 
guage. 

IM-PRoV'A-BLE (-proov'a-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing made better. 

IM-PRoV'A-BLE-NESS,) n. Susceptibility of im- 

IM-PRoV-A-BiL'I-TY, / provement. 

IM-PRoVE', v. t. To make better ; to use or em- 
ploy to good purpose ; to apply to practical pur- 
poses ; to occupy for residence or cultivation. — 
Syn. To employ ; better ; correct ; rectify ; use ; 
v. i. to grow better or wiser; to rise in market 
price. 

IM-PRoVE'MENT (im-proov'ment) ; n. Advance- 
ment in moral worth, learning, wisdom, skill, or 
other excellence ; valuable addition ; change for 
the better; progress in state or knowledge, &c. ; 
use to good account; practical application; oc- 
cupancy for use or culture, &c. — Syn. Advance- 
ment ; amelioration ; increase ; progress ; in- 
struction ; edification ; rise ; occupancy, &c. 

IM-PRoVE'MENTS, n. pi. Valuable additions or 
meliorations. 

IM-PR6VI-DENCE, n. Want of foresight ; neg- 
lect to make' suitable provision. 

IM-PRoV'I-DENT, a. Neglecting to make provi- 
sion for the future. — Syn. Inconsiderate ; negli- 
gent; careless; heedless. -• [sight. 

IM-PR6VI-DENT-LY, ad. Without due fore- 

IM-PROV-I-Sa'TION, n. Act of making poetry 
or performing music extemporaneously. 

+IM-PROV-I-SA-To'RE, n. [/£.] A man who 
makes rhymes and short poems extemporaneous- 
ly- 

•iTM-PRO-ViS'A-TRi'CE, n. lit.] A woman who 
makes rhymes or short poems extemporaneously. 

IM-PRO-Vi'SE' (veez'), v. i. To speak extempo- 
raneously, especially in verse. 

IM-PRu'DENCE (31), n. Want of prudence, cau- 
tion, or due regard to consequences. — Syn. Indis- 
cretion ; rashness ; heedlessness ; inconsiderate- 
ness; negligence. 

IM-PRu'DENT, a. Wanting prudence or discre- 
tion ; not attentive to consequences. — Syn. Indis- 
creet; injudicious;' incautious; unadvised; rash; 
heedless. [way. 

IM-PRu'DENT-LY, ad. In an indiscreet, careless 

iM'PU-DENCE, n. Assurance connected with a 
disregard for the feelings of others ; shameless- 
ness. — Syn. Effrontery; sauciness. — Imp>udence 
refers more especially to the feelings; effrontery 
(lit, meeting face to face) to some gross and pub- 
lic exhibition of shamelessness ; sauciness (lit., 
giving the sauce) to a sudden outbreak of impu- 
dence, especially from an inferior. 

iM'PU-DENT, a. Wanting modesty ; shamelessly 
bold. — Syn. Shameless ; brazen ; bold-faced ; im- 
modest; rude; insolent; impertinent; saucy. 

iM'PU-DENT-LY, ad. With shameless effrontery. 

IM-PuG-N' (-pune'), v. t. To oppose ; to contradict. 

IM-PuGN'ER, n. One who impugns. 

+IM-PuTS-SANT, a. IFr.] Weak; powerless. 

iM'PULSE, n. Force communicated ; influence on 
the mind ; impression. 

IM-PuL'SION (-pul'shun), n. Act of impelling; 
influence. 

IM-PuL'SiVE, a. Communicating force; acting 
by impulse, as an impulsive person. 

IM-PuL'SiVE-LY, ad. With force ; by impulse. 

IM-Po'NI-TY, n. Exemption from punishment; 
freedom from harm. 

IM-PuRE', a. Mixed with extraneous matter; 
contrary to modesty or to sanctity. — Syn. Foul; 



filthy ; feculent ; unclean ; defiled ; unchaste ; 
guilty; unholy. 

IM-PuRE'LY, ad. With impurity or defilement. 

IM-PuKE'NESS,\ n. Want of purity; mixture of 

IM-Pu'RI-TY, J a foreign substance or foul 
matter ; want of chastity or holiness ; defilement 
by guilt or legal uncleanness ; foul language. — 
Syn. Foulness; turbidness; uncleanness; pollu- 
tion; guilt; unhoiiness; obscenity. 

IM-PuR'PLE, v. t. To tinge with purple. 

IM-PuT'A-BLE, a. That may be imputed. 

IM-PuT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
imputable. 

IM-PU-Ta'TION, n. Act of imputing ; charge of 
ill; censure. 

IM-PuT'A-TiVE, a. That may be imputed. 

IM-PuTE', v. t. To set to the account of; to attri- 
bute; to charge. [tion. 

IM-PU-TReS'CI-BLE, a. Not subject to putrefac- 

IN, a prefix, like un, often gives to a word a neg- 
ative sense; it denotes also icitliin, into, or among. 
Sometimes it renders a word emphatical. 

IN, prep. Present; inclosed; within, as, in a 
house, in a city. 

IN-A-BiL'I-TY, n. Want of adequate power or 
means ; want of intellectual force, of knowledge, 
or skill. — Syn. Impotence ; incapacity ; incompe- 
tence; disability, which see. 

IN-AC-CESS-I-BiL'I-TY, \n. The quality or 

IN-A€-CeSS'I-BLE-NESS,J state of being be- 
yond reach or approach. 

IN-A€-CkSS'I-BLE, a. That can not be reached 
or approached; not to be obtained. 

IN-A€-CeSS'I-BLY, ad. So as not to be ap- 
proached. 

IN-aC'CU-RA-CY, n. Want of accuracy or ex- 
actness. — Syn. Mistake; defect; fault; error. 

IN-a€'€U-RATE, a. Not correct or exact; erro- 
neous. 

IN-a€'€U-RATE-LY, ad. In an erroneous or in- 
accurate way. 

IN- ACTION, n. State of rest ; idleness. 

IN-aCT'iVE, a. Not in action; not disposed to 
act. — Syn. Inert; sluggish; slothful; lazy. See 
Inert. [ivity. 

IN-aCT'iVE-LY, ad. With sluggishness or inact- 

IN-AC-TIV'I-TY, n. Want of activity ; idleness ; 
sluggishness. 

IN-AD'E-QUA-CY (-ad'e-kwa-sy), n. Insufficien- 
cy; inequality; defectiveness. 

IN-AD'E-QUATE, a. Not equal to the purpose, to 
the real state or condition of a thing, or in due 
proportion; not just, as description. — Syn. Une- 
qual; incommensurate; disproportionate; incom- 
petent; insufficient; incomplete; defective. 

IN-aD'E-QUATE-LY, ad. Not fully ; not suffi- 
ciently. 

IN-AD'E-QUATE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
inadequate. — Syn. Inequality; inadequacy; in- 
sufficiency; incompleteness. 

IN-AD-HE'SION (-he'zhun), n. Want of adhesion. 

IN-AD-He'SiVE, a. Not adhering. 

IN-AD-MIS-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of not 
being admissible. 

IN-AD-MiS'SI-BLE, a. Not proper to be admitted. 

IN-AD-VeRT'ENCE, ) n. Negligence ; over- 

IN-AD-VERT'EN-CY,j sight; the effect of in- 
attention. 

IN-AD-VeRT'ENT, a. Not turning the mind to. 
— Syn. Negligent; careless; inattentive; heedless. 

IN-AD-VeRT'ENT-LY, ad. With negligence. 

IN-AF'FA-BLE, a. Not affable ; reserved. 

IN-aL'IEN-A-BLE (-fd'yen-), a. That can not be 
justly alienated or transferred to another. 

IN-aL'IEN-A-BLY (-al'yen-), ad. So as to forbid 
alienation. 

IN-AL'TER-A-BLE, a. Unalterable. 

•HN-AM-O-Ra'TA, n. f. Ut.~\ A woman in love. 

iTN-AM-O-RX'TO, n. m. [/£.] A man in love. 

IN-aNE', a. Void ; empty ; n. a void 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, pas, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



INA 



215 



INC 



IX-aX'1-MATE, a. Void of life or spirit. — Sm 

Dead; lifeless; inactive; dull; spiritless. 
IN-A-Ni"TION (-nish'un), n. Emptiness; exhaus- 
tion for want of food. 
IX- X'I-TY, n. Void space ; emptiness. 
IN-AP'PE-TENCE, \ n. Want of appetence or 
IN-aPTE-TEN-CY,] desire of food, or of inclin- 
ation. 
IN-AP-PLI-€A-BIL1-TY, \n. Quality of not be- 
IX-AP'PLI-€A-BLE-NES3,j ing applicable. 
IN-AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may not be applied ; 
not applicable.— Syn. Unsuitable ; unsuited ; un- 
adapted; unfit. 
IX-AP-PLI-€a'TION, n. Want of application, 

attention, or assiduity. 
IX-AP'PO-$iTE (-ap'po-zit), a. Not apposite or 

suitable. 
IX-AP-PRE'CIA-BLE, a. Not to be estimated; 

that can not be valued. 
IX-AP-PRE-HJEX'SI-BLE, a. Not intelligible. 
IN-AP-PHE-HeN'SIVE, a. Not apprehensive. 
IX-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. Not to be approached. 
IX-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Unsuitable; unfit; not 

belonging to. 
IX-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE-XESS, n. Unsuitableness. 
IN-APT', a. Unapt; not fitted; unsuited. 
IX-aPT'I-TuDE,7 n. A want of fitness or adapt- 
IX-aPT'XESS, j ation; unsuitableness. 
IX-aRCH'. v. t. To graft by joining a scion to a 

stock without separating it from its parent tree. 
IN-XRCH'ING, n. The method of grafting with- 
out separating a scion from its parent stock. 
IX-aR-Ti€'u-LATE, a. Not uttered with articu- 
lation or a jointing of the organs; indistinct; in 
zooloay, not jointed. 
IX-aR-TiC'u-LATE-LY, ad. Not with distinct 

syllables. 
IX-aR-TI€'u-LATE-XESS,> n. Indistinctness of 
IN-aR-TI€-u-La'TION, J utterance ; want of 
articulation. [artless. 

IN-aR-TI-Fi"CIAL (-f ish'al), a. Not done by art ; 
IX-XR-TI-Fi"CIAL-LY, ad. Without art ; artless- 
IN-AS-M6CH*, ad. Such being the case. Qy. 

IN-AT-TEN'TION, n. Neglect to attend; want of 
consideration; disregard; heedlessness. — Syn. 
Inadvertence. — We miss seeing a thing through 
inadvertence when we do not look at it ; through 
inattention when we give no heed to it, though 
directly before us. The latter is therefore the 
worst. Inadvertence may be an involuntary ac- 
cident ; inattention is culpable neglect. A versa- 
tile mind is often inadvertent ; a careless or stu- 
pid one is inattentive. 
IN-AT-TeNTSVE, a. Not fixing the mind on an 
object; not listening. — Syn. Regardless; care- 
less; heedless; thoughtless; negligent; remiss. 
IX-AT-T£X'TlVE-LY, ad. Without attention ; 

carelessly. 
IN-A.UD'1-BLE, a. That can not be heard. 
IX-AUD'I-BLY, ad. In a manner not to be heard. 
IX-AU'GU-RAL, a. Relating to inauguration; 
made or pronounced at an inauguration; n. a 
discourse which one pronounces at his inaugu- 
ration. 
IX-AU'GU-RaTE, v. t. Literally, to introduce 
with good omens ; hence, to induct into office ; to 
enter upon, open, &c. (as an occasion or building), 
with appropriate ceremonies. 
IX-AU-GU-Ra'TION, n. Act of inaugurating ; in- 
duction into office ; an entering upon, opening, 
&c., with appropriate ceremonies. [ration. 

IX-AU'GU-RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to inaugu- 
IX-AU-SPl"CIOUS (-spish'us), a. Unfortunate; 

unfavorable; ill-omened; unlucky. 
IN-AU-SPI"CIOUS-LY, ad. With bad omens. 
IX-AU-SPl"CIOUS-NESS, n. The state or quali- 
ty of being inauspicious ; unfavorableness. 
IN'BoARD, n. Carried away or stowed within the 

hold of a ship, &c. , as a cargo. 
IN'BoARD, ad. Within the hold of a vessel. 



IN'BORN, a. Implanted by nature ; inherited. 
IX-BREATHE', v. t. To infuse by breathing. 
IX'BRED, a. Bred by nature; natural; innate. 
+IX'€A, h. The native title of a king or prince 

of Peru before the Spanish conquest. 
IX-CagE', v. t. To confine in a cage or to any 
narrow limits; to coop up. [lated. 

IX-€aL'€U-LA-BLE, a. That can not be calcu- 
IX-CA-LES'CEXCE, \ n. A growing warm; in- 
IX-€A-LES'CEX-CY,j cipient or increasing heat. 
IX-€AX-D£S'CENCE, n. A white heat, or the 

glowing whiteness of a body from intense heat. 
IX-€AX-D£S'CEXT, a. White, or glowing with 

intense heat. 
IX-€AX-Ta'TION, n. Act of enchanting ; en- 
chantment. 
IN-€A-PA-BIL'I-TY, ) n. Natural incapacity ; 
IN-€a'PA-BLE-XESS,j want of power or of le- 
gal qualifications. 
IX-€a'PA-BLE, a. Wanting capacity sufficient ; 
wanting natural power or capacity to learn, 
know, or comprehend; not admitting; wanting 
moral power or disposition ; wanting legal quali- 
fications. See Incompetent. 
IX-€A-PaC'I-TaTE, (-pas'e-tate), v. t. To de- 
prive of power; to disqualify; to disable; to 
render unfit. 
IX-€A-PAC-I-Ta'TION, n. Want of capacity; 

disqualification. 
IN-GA-PAC'I-TY (pas'e-ty), n. Want of capacity 
or of qualifications. — Syn. Inability; incapabil- 
ity; incompetency. 
IN-€aR'CER-aTE, v. t. To imprison ; to confine. 
IX-€aR-CER-a'TION, n. Imprisonment. 
IX-€aR'XATE, a. Clothed in flesh. 
IX-CaR-Xa'TION, n. Act of clothing with flesh 
or of assuming flesh ; especially the assumption 
of a human body and nature by our Lord Jesus 
Christ. 
IX-€aR'NA-TIVE, a. Causing new flesh to grow. 
IX-CaSE', v. t. To inclose in a case; to cover or 

surround with something solid. 
IX-CASK', v. t. To put into a cask. 
IN-CAT-E-Xa'TION, n. Act of linking together. 
IN-t AU'TlUX, n. Want of caution. 
IX-CAU'TIOUS, a. Not cautious or circumspect; 
not ' attending to the circumstances on which 
safety and interest depend. — Syn. Unwary; in- 
discreet ; inconsiderate ; imprudent ; impolitic ; 
thoughtless; heedless; careless; improvident. 
IX-CAU'TIOUS-LY, ad. Without due caution. 
IN-€AU'TIOUS-NESS, n. Want of caution; 

heedlessness; want of foresight. 
IN'CA-Va-TED, a. Made hollow or concave; 

bent round or in. 
IN-€A-Va'TION, n. A hollow place ; act of mak- 
ing hollow. 
IN-CfiX'DI-A-RISM, n. The act or practice of 

setting fire to buildings. 
IX-CfiN'DI-A-RY, n. One who maliciously burns 

a house or excites discord. 
IX-C£N'DI-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the malicious 
burning of buildings ; tending to excite factions, 
seditions, or quarrels. 
IX'CEXSE, n. Perfume exhaled by fire ; the odors 
of spices and gums burned in religious rites; the 
materials used in making perfumes ; acceptable 
prayers and praises. 
iX'CEXSE, v. t. To perfume with odors. 
IX-CkNSE', v. t. To inflame to anger ; to excite 
angry passions. — Syn. To enrage; provoke; ex- 
asperate; anger; irritate; heat; fire. 
IN-CkNSE'MEXT, n. Irritation ; exasperation. 
IX-CEX'SIOX (-sen'shun), n. The act of kindling. 
IX-CEX'SIVE, a. Tending to provoke or excite. 
IX-C£X'TlVE, a. Inciting; encouraging; n. that 
which encourages, moves the mind, or operates 
on the passions ; inflames or prompts to good or 
ill. — Syn. Encouragement; motive; incitement; 
spur; stimulus. 



dove, wolf, book ; ecle, HULL ; vi"cious. — € as k ; gusj; s as z ; en as su ; this. + Sot English. 



INC 



216 



INC 



IN-CeP'TION (-sep 'shun), n. A beginning; first 

attempt. 
IN-CfiP TiVE, a. Beginning ; commencing. 
IN-CER-a'TION, n. The act of covering with 

wax. 
IN-CER'TI-TuDE, n. Uncertainty; doubtfulness. 
IN-CeS'SAN-CY, n. Unintermitted continuance. 
IN-CES'SANT, a. Having no intermission or ces- 
sation. — Syn. Unceasing ; uninterrupted ; cease- 
less ; continual ; constant ; perpetual. 
IN-C£S'SANT-LY, ad. Without intermission; 

unceasingly. 
IN'CEST, n. Cohabitation of persons within pro- 
hibited degrees of kindred. 
IN-CeST'u-OUS (-sust'yu-us), n. Consisting in 

incest, or guilty of it. 
IN-CeS^'u-OUS-LY, ad. In a manner that in- 
volves the crime of incest. 
IN-CeST'u-OUS-NESS, n. State or quality of be- 
ing incestuous. 
INCH, n. The twelfth part of a foot ; x>roverbial- 

ly, a small quantity or degree. 
IN-CHaS'TI-TY, n. Lewdness; unchastity. 
INCH'MeAL. n. A piece an inch long. By inch- 
meal, by small degrees. 
IN'CHO-ATE (in'ko-ate), a. Begun ; commenced. 
IN-€HO-A'TION, n. Act of beginning. 
IN-CHo'A-TlVE (in-ko'a-tiv), a. Inceptive; be- 
ginning. 
IN'CI-DENCE, n. A falling on ; hence, an acci- 
dent or casualty ; the direction in which one body 
strikes another; angle of incidence, the angle 
made by the line of incidence and the plane 
struck or a perpendicular to it. 
IN'CI-DENT, a. Falling on; liable to fall on; 

casual ; appertaining to. 
IN'CI-DENT, n. That which happens; that which 
happens aside of the main design. — Syn. Event ; 
occurrence; fact; circumstance, which see. 
IN-CI-DENT'AL, a. Literally, falling in ; hence, 
secondary to something else; connected with 
some main object ; occasional. — Syn. Accidental. 
— Incidental should never be confounded with ac- 
cidental. A meeting with a friend is accidental 
when it is simply casual or undesigned ; it is in- 
cidental to a journey which brings us together, 
whether by design or not. A remark incidental- 
ly made during a conversation may be taken up 
by one accidentally present, and reported to our 
disadvantage. [intention. 

IN-CI-DENT'AL-LY, ad. By accident; without 
IN-CiN'ER-aTE, v. t. To burn to ashes. 
IN-CIN-ER-a'TION, n. A burning to ashes. 
IN-ClP'I-EN-CY, n. Beginning ; commencement. 
IN-ClP'I-ENT, a. Beginning; commencing. 
IN-ClP'1-ENT-LY, ad. At first. [tion. 

IN-CiR-CUM-SPEC'TION, n. Want of due cau- 
IN-CiSE', v. t. To cut in ; to carve ; to engrave. 
IN-CIS'ION (-sizh'un), n. A cutting; cut; gash; 
the separation of the surface of any substance by 
a sharp instrument. 
IN-Cl'SlVE, a. Cutting; incisive teeth, in ani- 
mals, are the fore teeth ; the cutters. 
IN-Ci'SOR, n. A cutter; a fore tooth. 
IN-Ci'SO-RY, a. Having the quality of cutting. 
IN-CIS'uRE (-sizh'yur), n. A cut; an incision. 
IN-Cl'TANT, n. That which incites or stimulates. 
IN-CI-TA'TION, n. Act of moving to action ; in- 
citement. 
IN-CITE', v. t. To move or rouse to action by mo- 
tives, impulse, or influence.— Syn. To stimulate; 
instigate; spur; goad; rouse; urge; provoke; 
encourage ; excite, which see. ' 
IN-CiTE MENT, n. That which excites the mind 
or moves to action. — Syn. Motive; incentive; 
spur; stimulus; encouragement. 
IN-CIT'ER, n. He or that which excites to action. 
IN-CI-ViL'I-TY, n. Want of courtesy or respect- 
ful manners toward others. — Syn. Impoliteness; 
uncourteousness ; unmannerliness; disrespect. 



IN-CiV'I$M, n. Want of civism or patriotism. 
IN-CLASP', V. t. To clasp. 
IN'CLE. See Inkle. 

IN-CLeM'EN-CY, n. Want of mildness; severi- 
ty, applied chiefly to weather. — Syn. Rigor ; 
storminess ; boisterousness. 
IN-'CLEM'ENT, a. Wanting in mildness ; severe, 
applied chiefly to weather. — Syn. Rough; bois- 
terous; rainy; cold. 
IN-CLI'NA-BLE, a. Leaning; somewhat dis- 
posed ; having a propension of will. 
IN-CLI-Na'TION, n. Tendency toward any point; 
leaning of the mind ; incipient desire ; decanting 
of liquors by inclining the vessel ; dip of the mag- 
net ic needle; mutual approach of two lines or 
planes so as to form an angle. — Syn. Slope ; ten- 
dency; bent; proneness; propensity. See Dis- 
position. 
IN-CLiN'A-TO-RY, a. Leaning; inclining. 
IN-CLiNE', v. t. To cause to deviate from a 
straight, upright, or parallel line ; to give a tend- 
ency to the will or affections ; to cause to stoop. 
— Syn. To lean; slope; bend; bow; turn; dis- 
pose, &c. 
IN-CLiNE', v. i. To deviate from an erect or par- 
allel line; to have a propension; to have an ap- 
petite ; to be disposed. 
IN-CLINE', n. The inclined part of a rail-road. 
IN-CLINi'D' PLANE, n. A plain or smooth sur- 
face sloping downward or upward; one of the five 
mechanical powers. 
IN-CLOIS'TER, v. t. To shut up or confine in a 

cloister. 
IN-CLoSE', v. t. To surround; to shut in; to 
fence ; to cover with a wrapper or under a seal, 
as a letter, &c. 
IN-CLoS'URE (-klo'zhur), n. The act of inclos- 
ing; state of being inclosed; that which incloses; 
place inclosed ; thing inclosed. 
IN-CLOUD', v. t. To darken ; to obscure. 
IN-CLuDE', v. t. To confine within; to embrace 
within limits. — Syn. To contain ; comprehend ; 
hold ; comprise ; involve. 
IN-CLn'SION (-klu'zhun), n. Act of including. 
IN-CLu'SIVE, a. Comprehending; taking in; 
taken into the number or sum. [both. 

IN-€LD'SiVE-LY, ad. Together; by including 
IN-CO-AG-'u-LA-BLE, a. That can not be concre- 
ted or coagulated. 
IN-COG', ' ad. In concealment or dis- 

IN-€oG'NI-TO,j guise. 

IN-€6g'I-TANCE, \ n. Want of the power of 
IN-€6g'I-TAN-CY,j thinking. 
IN-€o<i'I-TANT (-koj'e-tant), n. Not thinking 

or having the power to think. 
IN-€og'I-TA-TiVE, a. Wanting the power of 

thought. 

IN-COG'NI-ZA-BLE (-kog'ni-za-bl or -kon'i-za- 

bl), a. That can not be recognized or distinctly 

known. _ 

IN-CO-HeR'ENCE, \ n. Want of connection; in- 

IN-CO-HeR'EN-CY,)" consistency; looseness, or 

unconnected state of parts. [ent. 

IN-€0-HLR'ENT, a. Not connected; inconsist- 

IN-C O-HER'ENT-LY, ad. Unconnectedly ; loose- 

IN-€0-IN'CI-DENT, a. Not agreeing. [lv. 

IN-COM-BUS-TI-BlL'I-TY, ) n. Tiie quality 6f 

IN-€OM-BuS'TI-BLE-NESSJ being incapable 

of being burned or consumed. 
IN-€OM-BuS'TI-BLE, a. That will not burn. 
IN'CuME (in'kum), n. Rent ; profit accruing from 

property or business. 
♦IN COM-MeN'DAM, [law £.] To hold a vacant 
church-living by favor of the crown till a proper 
pastor is provided. 
IN-€OM-MEN-SU-RA-B!L'I-TY, ) , „- n ' A & * 
IN-COM-MeN'SU-RA-BLE-NESSJ (_IUu ; ' 

n. The quality of having no common measure. 
IN-COM-MeN'Su-KA-BLE (-men'shu-), a. Hav- 
ing no common measure; unequal; inadequate. 



a, b, &c, long. — A, £, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what ; th^re, term; marine, bird; move, 



INC 



217 



INC 



IN-COM-MeN'Su-RATE (-men'shii-rate), a. Not 

of equal extent, not admitting a common meas- 
ure. — Syn. Unequal; inadequate; insufficient. 

IN-COM-M5DE', v. t. "To give inconvenience or 
trouble to. — Syn. To disturb; molest; trouble; 
annoy ; disquiet ; vex. 

IN-€QM-M5'DI-OUS, a. Not affording ease or 
advantage ; giving trouble without much injury. 
— Syn. Inconvenient; troublesome; unsuitable; 
disquieting; annoying; vexiug. 

IX-t'OM-Mo'DI-OUS-LY, ad. With inconven- 
ience; unsuitably. 

IN-COM-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. .The quality of 
causing inconvenience or want of accommoda- 
tion. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. That can not be 
communicated or revealed to others. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE-NESS,t n. The quality 

IN-€OM-MU-NI-€A-BIL'I-TY, j of not being 
capable of communication. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-CA-BLY, ad. So as not to be im- 
parted or made known. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TIVE, a. Not disposed to 
communicate or hold conversation or intercourse 
with ; unsocial. 

IN-€OM-MuT-A-BIL'I-TY, \ n. The quality of 

IN-€OM-MuT'A-BLE-NESSJ not being ex- 
changed with another. 

IN-€OM-MUT'A-BLE, a. That can not be ex- 
changed, or changed or commuted with another. 

IN-€OM-M0T'A-BLY, ad. Without mutual ex- 
change. 

IN-COM-PaCT', \a. Not compact; not close 

IN-€OM-Pa€T'ED,J or solid. 

IN-€6M'PAR-A-BLE, a. That admits no com- 
parison ; matchless ; usually in a good sense, but 
it may be properly used in a bad sense. 

IX-€6M'PA-RA-BLE-NESS, n. Excellence be- 
yond comparison. 

ES-t'6M'PA-RA-BLY, ad. Beyond comparison; 
vithout competition. 

IN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE (-pash'un-ate), a. Des- 
titute of pity; cruel. 

IN-«OM-PaS'SION-ATE-LY, ad. Without com- 
passion, pity, or tenderness. 

IN-€OM-PAT-I-BiL'I-TY, n. Impossibility of co- 
existence ; irreconcilable inconsistency. 

IN-CDM-PAT'I-BLE, a. Not able to coexist; ir- 
reconcilably opposed. See Inconsistent. 

IN-€(jM-PAT'I-BLY, ad. Inconsistently. 

IN-€o\I'PE-TEXCE, \ n. Want of adequate 

IN-€6vl'PE-TEN-CY, j ability or qualifications; 
want of adequate means or of legal power. — Syn. 
Inability; inadequacy; unfitness; incapability. 

IN-€dMfPE-TENT, a. Wanting due strength or 
suitabfe faculties; wanting the legal qualifica- 
tions; insufficient; improper; unfit. — Syn. In- 
capable. — Incompetent is a relative term, denot- 
ing a want of the requisite qualifications for per- 
forming a given act, service, &c. ; incapable is 
absolute, denoting want of power, either natural 
or moral. We speak of a man as incompetent to 
a certain task, of an incompetent judge, &c. We 
say of an .diot that he is incapable of learning to 
read; andof a man distinguished for his honor, 
that he is ncapable of a mean action. 

IN-COM'PE-TENT-LY, ad. Inadequately; un- 
suitably. 

IN-COM-PLHTE', a. Not finished; imperfect; in 
botany, laeldng calyx or corolla, or both. 

IN-€OM~PLK?E'LY, ad. Imperfectly. 

IN-€OM-PLETE'NESS, n. Unfinished state; de- 
fectiveness ; mperfectness. 

IN-COM-PLeX', a. Not complex ; simple. 

IN-€OM-PLI'ABLE, a. Not ready to yield com- 
pliance. 

IN-€OM-PLI'AICE, n. Defect of compliance; 
unyielding tenper or constitution. 

IN-€OM-P6S'iTB or IN-€CM'PO-$iTE, a. Un- 
compounded ; ample. 



PRE-HEN-SI-Bil/I-TY, In. Thequal- 
PRE-H EN'SI-BLE-NESS,/" ity of being 



IN-€OM-PRE-HEN-SI-BlI/I-TY, 

IN-COM-P 

incomprehensible. 

IN-€OM-PKE-HeN'SI-BLE, a. That can not be 
understood ; beyond the reach of human intellect. 

IN-€OM-PRE-H£N'SI-BLY, ad. So as not to be 
intelligible. 

IN-COM-PRESS-I-BII/I-TY, n. The quality of 
resisting a compression into a smaller space. 

IN-COM-PRESS'I-BLE, a. That can not be re- 
duced into a smaller compass. [ed. 

IN-€Ox\I-P0T'A-BLE, a. That can not be comput- 

IN-€ON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. Not capable of conceal- 
ment; not to be hid. 

IN-€ON-CElV'A-BLE (-seev'a-bl), a. That can 
not be conceived by the mind ; incomprehensible. 

IN-€ON-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of 
being inconceivable. [sion. 

IX-COX-CeIV'A-BLY, ad. Beyond coinpreheu- 

IN-€OX-CiX_'XI-TY, n. Want of proportion. 

IN-€ON-€Lu'SiVE, a. Not producing a conclu- 
sion ; not determining a question. 

IN-€OX-€Lfj'SiVE-LY, ad. Not conclusively. 

IN-€OX-€L0'SiVE-XESS, n. Want of such evi- 
dence as to satisfy the mind of truth. 

IX-€OX-€6€'TION, n. State of being indigested ; 
unripeness. [densed. 

IN-€ON-DeX'SA-BLE, a. That can not be con- 

IN-€ON-F6RM'I-TY, n. Want of conformity. 

IN-€OX-(iEAL'A-BLE, a. That can not be frozen. 

IX-€OX-GEAL'A-BLE-XESS, n. The impossibil- 
ity of being congealed. 

IN-€6N G 'GrRU-ENT (-kong'gru-ent), a. Inconsist- 
ent; unsuitable. 

IX-COX-GRu'I-TY, n. Inconsistency; unsuita- 
bleness of one thing to another; the property by 
which one fluid is prevented from uniting with 
another. 

IN-€oX G 'GRU-OUS (-kong'gru-us), a. Not suita- 
ble or accordant. — Syn. Unfit ; inappropriate. 
See Inconsistent. 

IN-t'oN G 'GRU-OUS-LY, ad. Unsuitably. 

IX-€OX'SCIOX-A-BLE, a. Having no sense of 
good or evil, right or wrong. 

IN-€oN'SE-QUENCE, n. Want of just inference ; 
inconclusiveness. 

IX-eON'SE-QUEXT, a. Without regular infer- 
ence ; not following. 

IX-€OX-SE-QL'EX'TIAL (-kwen'shal), a. Not 
following from the premises; of no importance; 
of little moment. 

IX-€OX-SiD'ER-A-BLE, a. Not of great amount 
or importance; not worthy of notice. — Syn. Un- 
important; immaterial; insignificant; small; 
trivial. [ance. 

IN-€OX-SiD'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Small import- 

IN-€OX-SID'ER-A-BLY, ad. In a small degree; 
to a small amount; very little. 

IN-€OX-SiD'ER-ATE, a. Xot considerate; with- 
out regard to safety or propriety; proceeding 
from heedlessness. — Syn. Thoughtless; inatten- 
tive; heedless; inadvertent. 

IN-€OX-SiD'ER-ATE-LY, ad. Without due con- 
sideration or regard to consequences. 

IN-€OX-^iD'ER-ATE-XESS, n. Want of due re- 
gard to conseqivences. — Syn. Carelessness; rash- 
ness ; thoughtlessness ; inadvertence ; impru- 
dence; inattention. [tion. 

IN-€OX-SID-ER-a'TION, n. Want of considers 

IX-€OX-SiST' 

IX-€OX-SiS'J 
gument or narration; unsteadiness; changeable- 
ness. 

IN-€ON-SiST'EXT, a. Contrary to ; not in uni- 
son or agreement with; not uniform. — Syn. In- 
congruous; incompatible. — Things are incongru- 
ous when they are not suited to each other, so 
that their union is unbecoming ; inconsistent 
when they are opposed to each other, so as to 
render it improper or wrong ; incompatible when 



T'EXCE, \n. Contrariety; incon- 
IT'EN-CY,/ gruity; absurdity in ar- 



DOVE, WOLK, i;OOt; KULE, 1JULI. ; VI ClOUS.- 



6 as j ; $ as z ; en as su ; mis. * JSot English. 



INC 



218 



INC 



they can not coexist, and it is therefore im- 
possible to unite them. Habitual levity of mind 
is incongruous with the profession of a cler- 
gyman; it is inconsistent with his ordination 
vows ; it is incompatible with his permanent use- 
fulness. 

IN-€ON-SiST'ENT-LY, ad. Without consisten- 
cy ; with absurdity. 

IN-€ON-SoL'A-BLE, a. Not admitting comfort. 

IN-€OX-SoL'A-BLY, a. So as not to admit of 
consolation. 

IN-€6N'SO-NANCE, X n. Disagreement; incon- 

IN-€0N'SO-NAN-<JY,j" sistency; in music, dis- 
cordance. 

IN-€ON-SPi€'u-OUS, a. Not perceived By the 
sight; not discerned. 

IN-€6N'STAN-CY, n. Mutability of temper or 
affection. — Syn. Mutability; unsteadiness; fickle- 
ness; instability; dissimilitude. 

IN-€dN'STANT, a. Subject to change, as things ; 
subject to change of opinion or purpose. — Syn. 
Mutable; changeable; variable; fickle; volatile. 

IN-€oN'STANT-LY, ad. With changeableness. 

IN-€ON-SuM'A-BLE, a. Not to be consumed. 

IN-€ON-SuM'MATE, a. Not complete. 

IN-€ON-TkST'A-BLE, a. That can not be dis- 
puted ; too clear to be controverted. — Syn. Incon- 
trovertible; indisputable; irrefragable; undenia- 
ble ; unquestionable ; indubitable. 

IN-€ON-TeST'A-BLY, ad. Beyond all dispute; 
in a manner to preclude debate. — Syn. Indispu- 
tably ; incontrovertibly ; undeniably ; unquestion- 
ably. 

IN-€ON-TiG'u-OUS, a. Not contiguous; not ad- 
joining; not touching; separate. 

IN-€oN'TI-NENCE, X n. Want of restraint of 

IN-€6N'TI-NEN-CY, j the passions or appetites ; 
unchastity ; intemperance. 

IN-€6N'TI-NENT, a. Not restraining the pas- 
sions and appetites ; unchaste. 

IN-€oN'TI-NENT, n. One who is unchaste. 

IN-e6N'TI-NENT-LY, ad. Without due restraint 
of the passions; immediately. [trolled. 

IN-€ON-TRoL'LA-BLE, «. That can not be con- 

IN-€ON-TRO-VeRT'I-BLE, a. Too clear to ad- 
mit of dispute. — Syn. Incontestable ; indubita- 
ble ; irrefragable ; unquestionable ; undeniable. 

IN-t'ON-TEO-VERT'I-BLY, ad. Beyond dispute. 

IN-€ON-VEN'IENCE (-ven'yenceU n. Want of 

IN-€ON-VEN'IEN-CY, f convenience; 

that which troubles or gives uneasiness. — Syn. 
Incommodiousness; disquiet; disadvantage. 

IN-€ON-VeN'IENT (-vGn'yent), a. Giving trouble 
or uneasiness ; increasing difficulty of progress or 
success. — Syn. Incommodious ; unsuitable ; dis- 
quieting; annoying. 

IN-€ON-VEN'IENT-LY, ad. Unsuitably; in a 
manner to give trouble ; unseasonably. 

IN-€ON-VERT-I-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of 
not being changeable into something else. 

IN-€ON-VeRT'I-BLE, a. Not convertible into 
another thing. 

IN-€ON-VIN'GI-BLE, a. That can not be con- 
vinced, [conviction. 

IN-€ON-ViN'CI-BLY, ad. So as not to admit of 

IN-€6R'PO-RAL. See Incorporeal. 

IN-€OK-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. Immateriality. 

IN-€oR'PO-RaTE, v. t In pharmacy, to mix 
different ingredients in one mass ; to embody one 
substance with another; to associate in another 
government or empire ; to form into a legal body. 

IN-€oR'PO-RaTE, v. i. To unite so as to make a 
part of another body, followed by with. 

IN-€OR-PO-Ra'TION, n. Act of incorporating ; 
union of ingredients ; association ; formation of a 
legal or political body. 

IN-€OR-Po'RE-AL, a. Not consisting of matter; 
not having a material body. — Syn. Immaterial ; 
spiritual : unsubstantial ; bodiless ; disembodied. 

IN-€OR-Po'RE-AL-LY, ad. Immaterially. 



IN-€OR-R£€T', a. Wanting in correctness or ex- 
actness ; not according to model or rules ; not ac- 
cording to truth or morality.— Syn. Inaccurate ; 
erroneous ; wrong ; faulty. 

IN-€OR-Re€T'LY, ad. Not in accordance with 
truth or other standard. 

IN-€OR-Re€T'NESS, n. Want of conformity to 
truth or a standard. — Syn. Inaccuracy ; inexact- 
ness; fault; error. 

IN-€6R'RI-6I-BLE, a. That can not be corrected ; 
bad beyond amendment. 

IN-€6R'RI-Gl-BLE-NESS,? n. Hopeless deprav- 

IN-€OR-RI-G!-BiL'I-TY, f ity. [ment. 

IN-€oR'RI-Gl-BLY, ad. Beyond hope of amend- 

IN-€OR-RCPT', a. Free from corruption ; above 
the power of bribes. — Syn. Pure ; sound ; unde- 
filed; untainted; unimpaired; undepraved. 

IN-€OR-RUPT-I-BiL'I-TY, » n. The quality of 

IN-€OR-RuPT'I-BLE-NESS,f being incapable 
of decay or corruption. 

IN-€OR-R0PT'I-BLE, a. That can not be seduced 
from integrity; inflexibly just. 

IN-€OR-RuP'TION (-riip'shun), n. A state of ex- 
emption from decay. 

IN-€OR-RuPT'NESS, n. Exemption from decay; 
purity of mind or manners. — Syn. Soundness ; 
purity; probity; integrity; honesty. 

IN-€RAS'SaTE, v. t. To make thick or dense ; to 
make fluids thicker by mixture or evaporation ; 
v. i. to become thick or dense. 

IN-€RaS'SATE, I a. Thickened or becoming 

IN-€RAS'Sa-TED,j thicker toward the flower; 
fattened. 

IN-€RAS-Sa'TION, n. Act of making thick. 

IN-€RaS'SA-Ti VE, a. Having the quality of mat- 
ing thick; used also as a noun; that which has 
such ji quality. 

IN-€ReASE', v. i. To grow in bulk, number, 
strength, degree, &c. , as our population increases ; 
the heat, the light, the pain, &c, increases; v. t. 
to cause growth in bulk, quantity, number de- 
gree, &c, as to increase one's property, reputa- 
tion, &c. — Syn. Enlarge. — Enlarge implies a wid- 
ening of extent ; increase an accession in point of 
size, number, strength, &c. A kingdom is en- 
larged by conquest, and the mind by knowledge ; 
a man has enlarged views, plans, prospects, &c. 
Riches, wisdom, appejite, &c, are increased. 

IN-€EeASE' or IN'-GReASE, n. A growing larger 
in size, extent, quantity, &c. ; the result, or that 
which is added by growth, &c. ; waxing of the 
moon ; augmentation of strength, violence, or de- 
gree, &c. — Syn. Enlargement; extension; incre- 
ment; growth; accession. 

IN-€RE-aTE'. See Uncreate. 

IN-€RED-I-BiL'I-TY, \ n. The quaFty of sur- 

IN-€RED'I-BLE-NESS,i passing belief. 

IN-€ReD'I-BLE, a. That can not be believed ; 
beyond belief. 

IN-€ReD'I-BLY, ad. So as not to deserve belief. 

IN-€RE-Du'LI-TY, n. Indisposition to believe ; 
withholding or refusal of belief. 

IN-€ReD'u-LOUS (-kred'yu-lus;, a. Not believ- 
ing ; unwilling to believe ; withholding faith. 

IN-€RED'u-LOUS-NESS, n. A withholding of 
belief; incredulity. 

iN'€RE-MENT, n. An addition in bulk, number, 
amount, or value ; augmentation. 

IN-€RE-Pa'TION, n. A chiding or rebuking ; a 
rebuke. 

IN-€R£S'CENT, a. Having the quality of in- 
creasing; growing. 

IN-€RuST',j;. t. To cover with s crust. 

IN-€RUS-Ta'TION,«. Actofinrrusting; a cover 
or layer on the surface of a bod T ; an inlaying of 
marble, mosaic, &c, attached bj cramp-irons, ce- 
ment, &c. 

IN'€U-BaTE, v. i. To sit on, a; eggs; to brood. 

IN-€U-Ba'TION, n. Act of siting on for hatch- 
ing, as eggs. 



&c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, biri>; move, 



INC 



219 



IND 



IN'CU-BUS, n. ; pi. in'-gu-bus-es or in'ou-bi. [L.] 
The nightmare ; a demon. 

IN-€uL'€aTE, v. t. To enforce or urge upon by 
frequent repetitions. — Syw. To teach; instill; 
impress ;_infuse. 

IN-€UL-€a'TION, n. Act of impressing or urging 
by frequent admonitions. 

IN-€uL'PA-BLE, a. Unblamable. 

IN-CuL'PaTE, v. t. To blame ; to censure. 

IN-CUL-Pa'TION, n. Censure; blame. 

IN-CuL'PA-TO-RY, a. Imputing blame. 

IN-€uM'BEN-CY, n. The lying or resting on any 
thing ; the possession of an office. 

IN-CuM'BENT, n. One who has a benefice, or 
who is in present possession of an office. 

IN-€uM'BENT, a. Imposed as a duty; resting 
on ; indispensable. 

IN-€uM'BER, v. t. To burden with a load. See 
Encumber and derivatives. 

IN-CuM'BRANCE, n. A burdensome load ; clog. 

IN-CuR', v. t. To become liable to; to deserve; 
to bring on : to occur; to press on, with to or into. 

IN-€uR-A-BIL'I-TY, in. State of being incura- 

IN-€uR'A-BLE-NESS,j ble, or of not admitting 
cure or remedy. 

IN-CuR'A-BLE, a. That can not be cured or heal- 
ed ; not admitting of remedy or correction. — Syn. 
Irremediable; remediless; irrecoverable; irre- 
trievable. 

IN-€uR'A-BLY, ad. So as to be incurable. 

IN-€(!-RI-oS'I-TY, T n. Want of curiosity; in- 

IN-€u'RI-OUS-NESS,j* difference. 

IN-€u'RI-OUS, a. Not having curiosity; inat- 
tentive. 

IN-€u'RI-OUS-LY, ad. Without inquisitiveness. 

IN-CuR'SION (-kur'shun), n. An entering into 
territory with hostile intention, applied to small 
parties or expeditions. — Syn. Inroad ; attack ; 
foray; ravage. 

IN-CuR'SiVE, a. Making an incursion. 

IN-CORV'aTE, v. t. To bend ; to make crooked. 

IN-€uRV'ATE, a. Bent; curved inward or up- 
ward. 

IN-€UR-Va'TION, n. Act of bending; state of 
being bent ; act of bowing. 

IN-€uRVE', v. t. To bend ; to make crooked. 

IN-€uRWI-TY, n. A bent state ; crookedness. 

IN-DA-Ga'TION, n. The act of searching; in- 
quiry. 

IN-DaRT', v. t. To dart or strike in. [sit. 

+IN-DEB-I-Ta'TUS AS-SuMP'SIT. See Assump- 

IN-DeBT'ED (-det'ed), a. Being in debt ; obliged 
by something received ; held to pay. 

IN-DeBT'ED-NESS (-dSt'ed-ness), n. The state 
of being indebted. 

IN-De'CEN-CY, n. That which is unbecoming in 
manner or language. — Syn. Indelicacy; indeco- 
rum; immodesty; impurity; obscenity. 

IN-De'CENT, a. Offensive to modesty or delica- 
cy. — Syn. Unbecoming; indecorous; indelicate; 
unseemly; shameful; immodest; unchaste; ob- 
scene ; filthy. [icacy. 

IN-De'CENT-LY, ad. In a manner to offend del- 

IN-DE-ClD'u-OUS (-sid'yu-us), a. Not falling; 
lasting; evergreen. [ciphered. 

IN-DE-CI'PHER-A-BLE, a. That can not be de- 

IN-DE-CiS'ION (-sizh'un), n. Want of decision 
or firmness of purpose ; irresolution. 

IN-DE-Cl'SiVE, a. Not deciding; unsettled; wa- 
vering, [tied. 

IN-DE-Ci'SlVE-NESS, n. State of being unset- 

IX-DE-€LIN'A-BLE, a. Not varied in termina- 
tion. 

IN-DE-€LiN'A-BLY, ad. Without variation. 

IN-DE-€OM-P5S'A-BLE, a. Not to be decom- 



IN-DE-€o'ROUS or IN-De€'0-ROUS, a. Violat- 
ing good manners ; contrary to good breeding or 
established rules. — Syn. Unbecoming; indecent; 
unseemly ; rude ; coarse ; impolite ; uncivil. 



IN-DE-€o'ROUS-LY or IN-De€'0-ROUS-LY, ad. 
In an unbecoming manner. 

IX-DE-€o'R( >US-N ESS or IN-De€'0-ROUS-NESS, 
n. Violation of good manners. 

IN-DE-€o RUM, n. Impropriety of conduct ; in- 
decency. 

IN-DEED', ad. In fact; in truth; in reality. 

IN-DE-FaT'I-GA-BLE, a. Not tired; not ex- 
hausted by labor or yielding to fatigue. — Syn. 
Unwearied; untiring; persevering; assiduous. 

IN-DE-FaTT-GA-BLE-NESS, n. Unweariedness. 

IN-DE-FaT'I-GA-BLY, ad. Without weariness. 

IN-DE-FeA-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality or state 
of being not subject to be made void. 

IN-DE-FEA'SI-BLE (-fe'ze-bl), a. That can not 
be defeated ; that can not be made void. 

IN-DE-Fe€T'I-BLE, a. Not liable to failure or 
decay. 

IX-DE-FeGT'iVE, a. Not defective ; perfect. 

IN-DE-FEN-SI-BiL'1-TY, n. Quality of not being 
capable of defense. 

IN-DE-F£N'SI-BLE, a. That can not be defended 
or vindicated ; not to be justified. 

IN-DE-FEN'SiVE, a. Having no defense. 

IN-DE-FIN'A-BLE, a. That can not be defined. 

IN-DeF'I-NITE, a. Not limited or defined ; that 
has no certain limits, or to which the human 
mind can assign none. — Syn. Unlimited ; unde- 
fined; unsettled; indeterminate; vague; uncer- 
tain, [precisely. 

IN-DEF'I-NiTE-LY, ad. Without limitation ; not 

IN-DEF'I-NiTE-NESS, n. Quality of being unde- 
fined, or not precise or certain. 

IN-DE-HiS'CENCE, n. The property of not being 
dehiscent, but permanently closed. 

IN-DE-HiS'CENT, a. Not opening spontaneously 
at maturitv. 

IN-DEL-I-BiL'I-TY, n. Quality of being indelible. 

IN-DeL'I-BLE, a. Not to be blotted out ; not to 
be annulled ; that can not be effaced or lost. 

IN-DeI/I-BLY, ad. So as to be indelible. 

IN-DeL'I-GA-CY, n. Want of delicacy or decen- 
cy; coarseness of manners or language. 

IN-DeL'I-€ATE, a. Offensive to purity and 
good manners — Syn. Indecorous; unbecoming; 
coarse; rude; unseemly; impolite; gross; inde- 
cent. 

IN-DeL'I-€ATE-LY, ad. So as to be offensive to 
purity and good manners. 

IN-DEM-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of saving 
harmless or securing against loss; reimburse- 
ment of loss ; security against loss. 

IN-DeM'NI-Fy, v. t. To save harmless; to reim- 
burse. 

IN-DeM'NI-TY, n. Security given to save harm- 
less; recompense for injury sustained. 

IN-DeNT', v. t. To notch ; to bind to service; to 
contract. 

IN-DeNT',_7&. A cut or notch in the margin. 

IN-DEN-Ta'TION, n. A cut; notch; recess. 

IN-DeNT'ED, a. Cut in the edge into points, like 
teeth ; bound out by writings, or by covenants in 
writing. _ 

IN-DeNT'uRE (in-dent'yyr), n. A writing con- 
taining a contract. Duplicates are generally laid 
together and indented, that is, notched ; thus the 
two correspond. 

IN-DE-PeND'ENCE, 1 n. Exemption from con- 

IN-DE-PeND'EN-CY,[" trol; a state of not being 
dependent on others ; a state in which the mind 
acts without bias or influence from others. 

IN-DE-PeND'ENT, a. Not subject to control or 
bias; not connected with; relating to the Inde- 
pendents. 

IN-DE-PeND'ENT, n. One who maintains that 
each local church, being complete in itself, should 
act independently of all other churches. 

IN-DE-PeN_D'ENT-LY, ad. Without dependence. 

IN-DE-S€RlB'A-BLE, a. That can not be de- 
scribed. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK; EULE, BULL; Vl"ciOUS.- 



J ; s as z : 



Not English. 



IND 



220 



IND 



IN-DE-SeRT' (-zcrf), n. Want of merit or worth. 

IN-DeS'I-NENT, a. Not ceasing; perpetual. 

IN-DE-STRU€-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. Quality of re- 
sisting decav and destruction. 

IN-DE-STRu€'TI-BLE, a. That can not be de- 
stroved. 

IN-DE-TeRM'IN-A-BLE, a. That can not be de- 
termined or ended. 

IN-DE-TeRM'IN-ATE (13), a. Not settled or 
fixed; indefinite; unlimited. 

IN-DE-TeRM'IN-ATE-LY, ad. Without certain- 
ty; indefinitely. 

IN-DE-TeRM'IN-ATE-NESS,T n. A being indef- 

IN-DE-TeRM-IN-a'TION, $ inite; want of 
fixed limits ; unsettled or wavering state. 

IN-DE-Vo'TION, n. Want of devotion; absence 
of devout affections. 

IN-DE-VOUT', a. Not devout; not religious. 

IN'DEX, n. ; pi. in'dex-es or in'di-ces. That 
which points out; the hand that points to any 
thing; a table of the contents of a book ; in anat- 
omy, the forefinger; in arithmetic, the exponent. 

IN'DEX, v. t. To provide with an index ; to reduce 
to an index, as a book. 

IN'DIAN (ind'yan), a. Pertaining to the Indies, 
East or West, or to the aborigines of America ; 
n. a native of the Indies ; an aboriginal native of 
the American continent. 

iN'DIAN-iNK, \ n. A compound of lampblack, 

IN'DIA-INK, | &c, brought chiefly from Chi- 
na, and used as a water-color. 

iN'DIA-RuB-BER, n. Caoutchouc; a substance of 
extraordinary elasticity; called, also, gum-elastic. 

lN'DI-€ANT, a. or n. A term applied to that 
which points out something to be done for the 
cure ofdisease; guiding; directing. 

IN'DI-CaTE, v. t. To point out; to direct to a 
knowledge of something; to make known; to 
manifest by symptoms, and point to the remedy. 
— Syn. To show; mark; signify; denote; dis- 
cover. 

IN-DI-€a'TION, n. A showing; sign; token. 

IN-DiC'A-TiVE, a. Pointing out; showing; the 
indicative mood affirms or denies. 

IN-Di€'A-TIVE-LY, ad. By showing. 

iN'DI-€a-TOR, n. He or that which shows ; an 
instrument for measuring the power exerted by a 
steam-engine. 

5N'DI-€A-TO-RY. a. Serving to show. 

IN-DiCT' (in-dite'), v. t. To accuse by a jury. 

IN-DICT'A-BLE (-dl'ta-bl), a. Subject to indict- 
ment. 

IN-DIC'TION, n. Declaration; a cycle of fifteen 
years. 

IN-DiC'TiVE, a. Proclaimed ; declared. 

IN-DICT'MENT (-dite'ment), n. A formal accu- 
sation by a grand jury. 

IN-DiF'FER-ENCE, n. Equipoise or freedom 
from prejudice; state when the mind feels no 
anxiety or interest in what is presented ; neutral- 
ity of mind ; a state in which there is no differ- 
ence. — Syn. Carelessness : negligence ; uncon- 
cern : apathy; insensibility. 
IN-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Unconcerned; impartial; 

of a middling state or quality; not good. 
IN-DiF'FER-ENT-LY, ad. Tolerably; poorly. 
IN'DI-gENCE, n. State of destitution ; a very low 
condition as to property.— Stn. Poverty ; want ; 
need. — Poverty is generic, denoting a deficiency 
in the means of living ; indigence is stronger, im- 
plying an absence of the necessaries of life. Both 
express permanent states. Want and need are ap- 
plied usually to states which are temporary or oc- 
casional, as want of clothing, need of fuel; but are 
sometimes used in a more abstract sense, as a 
state of want or of need, being then identical with 
poverty. 
IN'DI-geNE, n. A native of the soil or country. 
IN-Dig'E-NOUS (-dij'e-nus), a. Native in the 
country ; not exotic, as plants. 



IN'DI-gENT, a. Wanting means of subsistence or 
of comfort ; poor ; needy. [poorly. 

iN'DI-GENT-LY, ad. In a destitute condition; 

IN-DI-geST'ED, a. Not digested; crude; not 
reduced to form ; not methodized. 

IN-DI-geST'I-BLE, a. That can not be digested ; 
not to be received or endured. 

IN-DI-geS'TION (-just'yun), n. Want of due 
preparation in the stomach ; crudity. 

IN-Dig'I-TaTE, v. t. To point out with the fin- 
ger ; v. i. to communicate ideas with the fingers. 

IN-DIg-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of pointing out 
with the finger. 

IN-DiG'NANT, a. Affected with anger and dis- 
dain ; having indignation. 

IN-DiG'NANT-LY, ad. With anger and disdain. 

IN-DIG-Na'TION, n. A vehement disapprobation 
of what is considered flagitious in conduct; an- 
ger mingled with contempt ; effects of anger, par- 
ticularly God's anger; terrible judgment ; holy 
displeasure at one's self for sin. — Syn. Ire ; wrath ; 
resentment ; fury ; rage. See Angee. 

IN-DIG'NI-TY, n. Unmerited, contemptuous con- 
duct toward another ; incivility with insult. — 
Syn. Contumely ; outrage; affront; abuse; rude- 
ness ; insult ; contempt. 

iN'DI-GO, n. A plant that dyes blue. 

IN-DI-ReCT', a. Not straight; oblique; unfair; 
not honest; tending to mislead or deceive. 

IN-DI-ReC'TION, n. Oblique course. 

IN-DI-ReCT'LY, ad. Obliquely; unfairly; not 
by direct means. 

IN-DI-Re€T'NESS, n. Obliquity; unfairness; 
dishonesty. 

IN-DIS-CeRN'I-BLE, a. Not discernible or visi- 
ble; not discoverable ; not perceptible. 

IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incapability of 
being discerned. 

IN-DIS-CERP-TI-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of 
being incapable of dissolution or separation of 
parts. [arated. 

IN-DIS-CERP'TI-BLE, a. Incapable of being sep- 

IN-DIS-COV'ER-A-BLE, a. That can not be dis- 
covered. 

IN-DIS-CREET', a. Wanting in discretion or 
sound judgment. — Syn. Inconsiderate; rash; 
hasty; incautious; heedless; imprudent. 

IN-DiS-€REET'LY, ad. Imprudently; unwisely. 

IN-DIS-€RE"TION (-kresh'un), n. Want of dis- 
cretion ; imprudence ; folly. 

IN-DIS-€RiM'I-NATE, a. Not making any dis- 
tinction; not having discrimination; undistin- 
guished; confused. . [tion. 

IN-DIS-CRiM'I-NATE-LY, ad. Without distinc- 

IN-DIS-€RiM'I-Na-TING, a. Not making dis- 
tinction. 

IN-DIS-CRIM-I-Na'TION, n. Want of discrimin- 
ation or distinction. 

IN-DIS-PeN'SA-BLE, a. Not to be spared; abso- 
lutely necessary. 

IN-DIS-PeN'SA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of 
being absolutely necessary. [ly. 

IN-DIS-PeN'SA-BLY, ad. Necessarily; absolute- 

IN-DIS-PoSE', v. t. To alienate the mind and 
render it averse to any thing ; to disqualify for 
proper functions ; to make averse ; disincline ; 
unfit. [disinclination. 

IN-DIS-PoS'ED-NESS, n. A disordered state; 

IN-DIS-PO-SI"TION (-zish'un), n. Slight aver- 
sion ; slight disorder of the body ; want of ten- 
dency or affinity. — Syn. Disinclination; aver- 
sion; dislike; illness; disoi'der. 

IN-DiS'PU-TA-BLE, a. That can not be contro- 
verted ; too evident for dispute. — Syn. Incontest- 
able ; unquestionable ; incontrovertible ; certain. 

IN-DiS'PU-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or qual- 
ity of being indisputable. 

IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLY, ad. Without question. 

IN-DIS-SO-LU-BIL'I-TY, \ n. Quality of not be- 

IN-DiS'SO-LU-BLE-NESS,j ing capable of be- 



1, e, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short— CARE, fab, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maeine, bied; move, 



IXD 



221 



IND 



coming liquid, or of being broken ; perpetuity 
of union. 

IN-DiS'SO-LU-BLE, a. Not capable of being 
melted or dissolved; perpetually binding; not 
to be broken. 

IX-DIS'SO-LU-BLY, ad. So as to resist dissolu- 
tion or separation. 

IN-DIS-SoLV'A-BLE (-diz-zolv'), a. That can 
not be dissolved ; not capable of being melted or 
separated. 

IX-DIS-TIXCT', a. Not so clear as to be percep- 
tible by itself ; not clear intellectually ; not pre- 
senting clear or well-defined images. — Syn. Un- 
defined; indistinguishable; obscure; indefinite. 

IX-DIS-T1XCTIOX, \n. Want of distinction; 

IX-DIS-TIXCT'XESS,)" want of clearness ; con- 
fusedness. 

IX-DIS-TiX€T'LY, ad. Not clearly; obscurely; 
not with precise limits. [distinguished. 

IN-DIS-TiX G 'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That can not be 

IX-DITE', v. t. To commit words to writing; to 
compose; to dictate what is to be uttered or 
written. 

IX-DITE'MEXT, n. Act of inditing. 

IX-DI-ViD'u-AL (in-de-vid'yu-al), a. Numerical- 
ly one ; pertaining to one only. 

IX-DI-ViD'u-AL (in-de-vid'yu-al), n. A single 
person or thing. 

IX-DI-ViD'u-AL-ISM, n. Attachment to the in- 
terests of an individual in preference to the com- 
mon interests of society. 

IX-DI-VID-u-aL'1-TY, n. Separate existence ; 
in phrenology, that quality of the mind by which 
individual objects are attended to and particular- 
ized, [an individual. 

IX-DI-ViD'u-AL-lZE, v. t. To select or mark as 

IX-DI-ViD'u-AL-LY, ad. Singly; with separate 
existence. [guish. 

IX-DI-YiD'u-aTE, v. t. To separate ; to distin- 

IX-DI-VID-u-a'TIOX, n. Act of making single ; 
act of separating into individuals by analysis. 

IX-DI-YIS-I-BiL'I-TY, \ n. The state or quality 

IN-DI-VlS'I-BLE-NESSJ of being indivisible. 

IX-DI-ViST-BLE (-vlz'e-bl), a. That can not be 
divided. 

IN-DI-Vi$T-BL_E$, n. pi. In geometry, elements 
or principles supposed to be infinitely small, into 
which a body or figure may be resolved. 

IN-Do'CI-BLE (-dos'se-bl or -df/se-bl), a. Not ca- 
pable of being taught; untractable; dull in intel- 
lect, [be easily taught. 

IX-Do'CiLE (-dos'sil or -do'sil), a. That can not 

IX-DO-CiL'I-TY, n. The quality of dullness, un- 
teachableness,_or intractableness. 

IX-D6C'TRI-XaTE, v. t. To instruct in rudi- 
ments or principles. [pies. 

IX-DO€-TRI-Na'TION, n. Instruction in princi- 

IX'DO-LEXCE, n. Literally, freedom from pain; 
habitual idlenesss ; laziness. 

5X'DO-LEXT, a. Habitually inactive ; reluctant 
to effort ; in medicine, free from pain, as an in- 
dolent tumor. See Idle. 

IX'DO-LEXT-LY, ad. In an idle, lazy manner; 
lazily ; sluggishly. 

IX-DoMT-TA-BLE, a. That can not be subdued ; 
irrepressible ; untamable. 

IN-DoRS'A-BLE, a. That may be assigned by in- 
dorsement. 

IX-D6RSE', v. t. To write on the back of a pa- 
per; to write one's name on the back of, as on a 
note of hand, thus becoming liable to pa}-; to as- 
sign by indorsement; to approve, as opinions. 

IN-DOR-SEE', n. One to whom a note is assigned 
by indorsement. 

IN-D6RSE'MEXT, n. A writing on the back of a 
note ; that which is written on the back of a note ; 
sanction or support given. 

IX-DoRS'ER, n. One who writes his name on the 
back of a note or bill, and thus renders himself 
liable to pay it. 



IX-Du'BI-OU3, a. Not dubious; certain. 

IX-Du'BI-TA-BLE, a. Admitting of no doubt.— 
Syn. Unquestionable; evident; certain; incon- 
trovertible ; incontestable. 

IX-Du'BI-TA-BLY, ad. In a manner not admit- 
ting of doubt; unquestionably; certainly. 

IX-DuCE', v. t. To lead or influence by persua- 
sion ; to prevail on ; to cause, as changes; in elec- 
tricity, to transmit or exert an electric influence. 
— Syn. To move ; actuate ; urge ; incite ; impel ; 
instigate. 

IN-DuCE'MEXT, n. Any thing which leads the 
mind to will or act. — Syn. Motive ; incitement ; 
reason; cause. 

IX-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be induced or caused. 

IX-DuCT', v. t. To bring in ; to put in possession, 
as of office, &c. [ing ductile. 

IX-DUC-TI-BiLT-TY, n. The quality of not be- 

IX-DCCT'iLE, a. Xot capable of being drawn. 

IX-DUC-TiL'I-TY, n. Incapacity of being ex- 
tended by drawing. 

IX-DCCTIOX (-duk'shun), n. Literally, a bring- 
ing in; hence the establishment of some general 
truth by bringing enough individual cases to 
prove it [see below] ; formal introduction into 
office; the quiet passing of electricity without 
open indication of its presence, &c. — Syn. Deduc- 
tion. — In induction we observe a sufficient num- 
ber of individual facts, and, on the ground of an- 
alogy, extend what is true of them to others of 
the same class, thus arriving at general principles 
or laws. This is the kind of reasoning in phys- 
ical science. In deduction we begin with a gen- 
eral truth, and seek to connect it with some in- 
dividual case by means of a "middle term," or 
class of objects known to be equally connected 
with both. Thus we bring down the general into 
the individual, affirming of the latter the distinct- 
ive qualities of the former. This is the syllogist- 
ic method. By induction Franklin established 
the identity of lightning and electricity; by de- 
duction he inferred that dwellings might be pro- 
tected by lightning-rods. 

IX-Du€'TIOX-AL, a. Pertaining to induction. 

IX-DCCT'iVE, a. Pertaining to induction. In- 
ductive method or philosophy. See Induction. 

IX-Du-GT'iYE-LY, ad. By induction or inference. 

IX-Du€T'OE, n. One who inducts into office. 

IX-DuE' (in-diiO, v. t. To put on something; to 
supply with. — Syn. To furnish; invest; clothe. 

IX-DuE'MEXT, n. A putting on ; endowment. 

IX-DuLgE', v. t. To suffer to be ; not to check ; 
to allow, as a gratification; v. i. to yield to the 
enjoyment of; to be favorable. — Syn. To permit; 
humor; gratify, which see. 

IX t -DuL'gEXCE, \ n. Forbearance of restraint; 

IX-DuL'gEX-G Y,f gratification ; favor. In the 
Roman Catholic Church, remission of the punish- 
ment due to sins, granted by the Pope or the 
Church. 

IN-DlT/gEXT, a. Yielding to wishes ; humoring ; 
gratifying ; mild. 

IN-DuL'gEXT-LY, ad. With indulgence; with 
unrestrained enjoyment; mildly. 

IX-DfLc/ER, n. One who indulges. 

IN'DU-RaTE, v. i. To harden ; to grow hard or 
become_hard. 

iX'DU-RaTE, v. t. To make hard ; to make un- 
feeling; to deprive of sensibility. 

IX-DU-Ra'TIOX, n. Act or process of hardening ; 
hardness of heart; in pathology, the condition of 
an indurated organic tissue, with or without vis- 
ible change of structure. 

IX-DuS'TRI-AL, a. Consisting in industry. 

IX-DilS'TRI-OUS, a. Constantly, regularly, or 
habitually employed ; devotedly occupied in some 
particular pursuit ; characterized by industry. — 
Syn. Assiduous; active; laborious; careful; dil- 
igent, [ly. 

IX-DuS'TRI-OUS-LY, ad. Diligently; assiduous- 



dove, wolf, uooii ; eule, eull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; cu as su ; this. * Xot English. 



IND 



222 



INE 



IN'DUS-TRY, n. Habitual or constant diligence ; 
steady attention to business ; assiduity. See 
Diligence. [heart or soul. 

iN'DWELL-ING, n. Residence within, or in the 

IN'DWELL-ING, a. Dwelling within ; remaining 
in the heart. 

IN-e'BRI-ANT, a. Tending to intoxicate. 

IN-e'BRI-aTE, v. t. To make drunk ; to intoxi- 
cate ; to disorder the senses ; to stupefy. 

IN-e'BRX-aTE, v. i. To be or become intoxicated. 

IN-e'BRI-ATE, n. An habitual drunkard. 

IN-E-BRI-a'TIONJ n. Intoxication ; drunken- 

IN-E-BRI'E-TY, j ness. 

IN-EF-FA-BiL'I-TY, \ n. Quality of being un- 

IN-eF'FA-BLE-NESS,j utterable; unspeakable- 
ness. 

IN-eF'FA-BLE, a. That can not be expressed in 
words. — Syn. Unspeakable; unutterable; inex- 
pressible; untold. 

IN-eF'FA-BLY, ad. Unspeakably ; inexpressibly. 

IN-EF-FaCE'A-BLE, a. That can not be effaced. 

1N-EF-Fe€T'iVE, a. Producing no effect; not 
competent to the service intended. 

IN-EF-Fe€T'u-AL (-fekt'yu-al), a. Not produc- 
ing the proper effect ; not able to produce its ef- 
fect. — Syn. Inefficient; ineffective; inefficacious; 
•vain ; fruitless ; weak. 

IN-EF-Fe€T'u-AL-LY, ad. To no end or purpose. 

IN-EF-Fe€T'u-AL-NESS. n. Want of effect, or 
of power to produce it; inefficacy. 

IN-EF-FER-VeS'CENT, a. Not susceptible of ef- 
fervescence, [vescence. 

IN-EF-FER-VES'CI-BLE, Of. Not capable of effer- 

IN-EF-FI-€a'CIOUS (-kn'shus), a. Not effica- 
cious ; not having power or adaptation to produce 
the desired or proper effect. 

IN-EF-FI-€a'CIOUS-LY, ad. Without efficacy. 

IN-eF'FI-€A-CY, n. Want of effect, or of power 
to produce effect. 

IN-EF-Fi"CIEN-CY (-fish'en-sy), n. Want of pow- 
er to produce the effect. 

IN-EF-Fi"CIENT (fish'ent), a. Not efficient; ef- 
fecting little or nothing. — Syn. Inefficacious ; un- 
availing; idle; fruitless. [effect. 

IN-EF-Fi"CIENT-LY, ad. Ineffectually ; without 

IN-E-LaS'TI€, a. Wanting elasticity. 

IN-E-LAS-TlC'1-TY (-tis'e-ty), n. Want of elas- 
tic power. 

IN-eL'E-GANCE, n. Want of elegance; plain- 
ness; want of beauty in language, composition, 
or manners. 

IN-EL'E-GANT, a. Not elegant ; wanting beauty 
or polish, as language, or refinement, as man- 
ners ; wanting symmetry, as an edifice. 

IN-EL'E-GANT-LY, ad. Without elegance. 

IN-EL-I-Gl-BiL'I-TY, n. Incapacity of being 
elected to office. 

IN-eL'I-gI-BLE, a. Not capable of being elected ; 
not worthy of choice. 

IN-ePT', a. _ Unfit; unsuitable; improper. 

IN-ipT'N~ESS? E '}" n - Unfitness ! unsuitableness. 

IN-E-QUAL'I-TY (-e-kwol'e-ty), n. Want of equal- 
ity in degree, quantity, length, or quality of any 
kind ; want of levelness ; disproportion to any of- 
fice or purpose ; want of uniformity ; disparity of 
rank, station, &c. — Syn. Difference; diversity; 
unevenness; inadequacy; incompetency, &c. 

IN-EQ'UI-TA-BLE (-ek'we-ta-bl), a. Not equita- 
ble; unjust. [ble. 

IN-eR'RA-BLE, a. That can not mistake ; infalli- 

IN-ERT' (13), a. Without power to move, as inert 
matter ; slow to act ; indisposed to exertion ; dull. 
— Syn. Inactive ; sluggish. — A man may be in- 
active from mere want of stimulus to effort, but 
one who is inert has something in his constitution 
or his habits which operates like a weight hold- 
ing him back from exertion. Sluggish (from 
slug) is still stronger, implying some defect of 
temperament which directly impedes action. 



IN-eR'TIA (in-er'sha), n. [L.] Want of disposi- 
tion to move; inactivity; a property of matter, 
causing it to remain at rest when still, and when 
moving to keep on in a right line. 

IN-ER'TION, n. Want of activity. 

IN-eRT'LY, ad. Without power of moving. 

IN-uRT'NESS (13), n. Want of power to move; 
want of activity. — Syn. Sluggishness; laziness. 

IN-ES'TI-MA-BLE, a. That can not be estimated. 
— Syn. Invaluable; priceless; transcendent; un- 
speakable. 

IN-ES'TI-MA-BLY, ad. So as not to be estimated. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLE, a. That can not be avoided. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. Impossibility to be 
avoided. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLY, ad. Without possibility of es- 
cape or evasion ; unavoidably ; certainly. 

IN-EX-a€T' (-egz-akf), a. Not exact ; not pre- 
cisely correct or true. [cision. 

IN-EX-a€T'NESS, n. Incorrectness ; want of pre- 

IN-EX-€u$'A-BLE (-eks-kuz'a-bl), a. That can 
not be excused. — Syn. Unjustifiable; unpardona- # 
ble ; irremissible. 

IN-EX-€uS'A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of not being 
excusable; enormity beyond palliation. , [ble. 

IN-EX-€u$'A-BLY, ad. So as not to be excusa- 

IN-EX-ER'TION (13) (x as gz), n. Want of exer- 
tion, [evaporated. 

IN-EX-HaL'A-BLE (x as gz), a. That can not be 

IN-EX-HAUST'ED (x as gz), a. Not drained or 
emptied ; not spent ; not having lost all strength 
or resources. 

IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE, a. That can not be drain- 
ed ; that can not be wasted or spent ; unfailing. 

IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality 
of being inexhaustible. 

IN-EX-IST'ENCE (x as gz), n. Wanting existence. 

IN-EX-iST'ENT, a. Not existing ; not in being ; ' 
existing in something else. 

IN-EX-O-RA-BiI/I-TY, \ n. Quality of being in- 

IN-EX'0-RA-BLE-NESS,j exorable or unyield- 
ing to entreaty. 

IN-EX'O-RA-BLE (-eks'-), a. Not to be moved by 
entreaty; that can not be made to bend. — Syn. 
Inflexible; unyielding; immovable; unrelenting; 
relentless; implacable; irreconcilable. 

IN-eX'O-RA-BLY, ad. So as not to be moved by 
entreaty. 

IN-EX-PE'DI-ENCE, \ n. Want of fitness ; un- 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, j suitableness to the pur- 
pose. 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. Not suitable for the pur- 
pose, or to time and place ; not tending to a good 
end; unfit; improper. [skill. 

IN-EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, n. Want of experience or 

IN-EX-PE'RI-ENGED (-eks-pe'ri-enst), a. Not 
experienced ; unskilled. 

IN-EX-PERT' (13), a. Without knowledge or dex- 
terity from practice; unhandy; awkward. 

IN-EX'PI-A-BLE, a. That can not be atoned for, 
as crime ; that can not be modified or appeased 
by atonement, as hate. 

IN-eX'PI-A-BLY, ad. So as not to be atoned for. 

IN-eX'PLI-€A-BLE, a. That can not be explain- 
ed, [ed. 

IN-eX'PLI-€A-BLY, ad. So as not to be explain- 

IN-EX-PLoR'A-BLE, a. That can not be explored. 

IN-EX-PReSS'I-BLE, a. Not to be expressed in 
words. — Syn. Unspeakable; unutterable; ineffa- 
ble; indescribable; untold. [ble. 

IN-EX-PReSS'I-BLY, ad. So as to be unuttera- 

IN-EX-PReSSTVE, a. Not expressing; not tend- 
ing to express ; inexpressible. 

+IN EX-TeN'SO. [L.l Fully; at length. 

IN-EX-TiNGT', a. Not quenched or extinct. 

IN-EX-TiN G 'GUISH-A-BLE (-ex-ting'guish-a-bl), 
a. That can not be extinguished. 

IN-eX'TRI-€A-BLE, a. Not to be disentangled; 
not to be freed from perplexity. [ble. 

IN-eX'TRI-€A-BLY, ad. So as not to be extrica- 



I, S, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — oaee, fak, last, fall, what; theee, teem; marine, bied; move, 



INE 



223 



INF 



IN-ETE' (in-I'), v. t. To inoculate, as a tree or 
bud. 

IN-FAL-LI-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of being in- 
capable of error. 

IN-FAL'LI-BLE, a. Incapable of mistake; not li- 
able to fail or to deceive confidence. [ly. 

IN-FAL'LI-BLY, ad. Without mistake; certain- 

IX' FA-MO US, a. Having tbe worst reputation ; 
held iu abhorrence ; branded with infamy by con- 
viction of a crime. — Syn. Detestable; odious; 
scandalous; disgraceful; base. 

IN 'FA-MO US-LY, ad. Most vilely ; shamefully. 

IN'FA-MOUS-XESSJ n. Utter disgrace; total 

IX'FA-MY, j loss of reputation ; loss 

of character or public disgrace from conviction 
of crime. 

IX'FAX-CY, n. The first part of life, beginning 
at the birth, as of a child ; the beginning of any 
thing, as the infancy of a college or of manufac- 
tures. In law, infancy extends to the age of 21 
years. 

iN'FAXT, n. A new-born child; a. pertaining to 
infants ; very young. 

IN-FAN'TA, n. Any daughter of the king in Spain 
and Portugal except the oldest, when heiress-ap- 
parent. 

IX-FAX'TE (in-f an'ta), n. Any son of the king in 
Spain or Portugal except the heir-apparent, often 
written infant. [an infant. 

IX-FaXT'1-CiDE, n. The murder or murderer of 

IN'FANT-iLE,) a. Pertaining to infants or to 

IN'FANT-INEJ young children. 

IN'FANT-BY, n. Foot soldiers of an army, &c. 

IX-FAT'u-aTE (-f at'yu-ate), v. t. To make a fool 
of; to inspire with a foolish and extravagant 
passion. [travagant passion. 

IX-FaT'u-a-TED, a. Inspired with a foolish, ex- 

IN-FAT-u-a'TION, n. Deprivation of reason ; 
extreme folly. 

IX-FeA-$I-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of being 
impracticable. 

IN-FiA'SI-BLE (-fe'ze-bl), a. That can not be 
performed. 

IN-FeCT', v. t. To taint with disease ; to contam- 
inate by some secret influence. — Syn. To poison ; 
vitiate ; pollute ; corrupt. 

IN-FeC'TION, n. Act of tainting with disease ; 
that which conveys disease by some hidden in- 
fluence; that which acts by a secret diffusive 
poAver, as the infection of evil principles. — Syn. 
Contagion. — Medical writers in Europe do not, 
most of them, allow there is any difference be- 
tween contagion and infection. In America, the 
distinction referred to under Contagion is, to a 
considerable extent, admitted. In general liter- 
ature, this distinction is well established. We 
use contagion and contagious in respect to things 
which spread by intercourse or imitation, as the 
contagious influence of example; while we apply 
infection and infectious to a more hidden and 
diffusive power, as the infection of vice, the in- 
fectious influence of evil principles. 

IN-FeC'TIOUS (-fek'shus), a. Having power to 
communicate disease ; tending to contaminate by 
some secret influence ; operating by a secret dif- 
fusive influence, as joy is infectious. 

IN-FeC'TIOUS-LY, ad. With or by infection. 

IN-Fe€'TIOUS-NESS, n. Quality of corrupting, 
or of being capable of communicating disease. 

IX-FeCT'iVE, a. Communicating disease. 

IX-F1'€UXD, a. Unfruitful; barren. 

IX-FE-CuXD'I-TY, n. State of not producing; 
barrenness. 

IX-FE-LIC'I-TOUS, a. Not felicitous ; unhappy. 

IN-FE-LIC'I-TY, n. Unhappiness ; unfortunate 
state ; unfavorableness. 

IN-FeR' (13), v. t. To deduce, as a consequence; 
to conclude. 

IN-FeR'A-BLE, X a. That may be deduced from 

IN-FER'RI-BLE,f premises. 



iX'FER-ENCE, n. Literally, that which is brought 
in ; hence, a deduction from premises ; something 
which follows as certainly or probably true. — 
Syn. Conclusion. — A conclusion is stronger than 
inference ; it shuts us up to the result, and term- 
inates inquiry. In a chain of reasoning we have 
many inferences which lead to the ultimate con- 
clusion. 

IN-FE-REN'TIAL (-ren'shal), a. Deduced or de- 
ducible by inferences. 

IN-Fe'RIOR, a. Lower in age or place ; subordi- 
nate ; n. one who is younger or subordinate. 

IN-FE-RI-oR'I-TY, n. A lower state in dignity, 
age, value, or quality. 

IN-FeR'NAL (13), a. Pertaining to hell or its in- 
habitants ; pertaining to the lower regions of the 
dead, the Tartarus of the ancients. — Syn. Dia- 
bolical, Satanic; fiendish; malicious; detestable. 

IN-FeR'NAL, n. An inhabitant of hell or of the 
lower regions ; an infernal being. 

IN-FeR'NAL-LY, ad. Like an infernal. 

IN-FeR'TiLE, a. Barren ; poor ; unproductive. 

IN-FER-TlL'I-TY, a. Barrenness; unfruitfulness. 

IN-FeST', v. t. To vex with frequent incursions; 
to trouble greatly. — Syn. To disturb ; harass ; 
annoy ; torment ; plague ; vex. 

IN-FES-Ta'TION, n. Act of infesting ; annoy- 
ance; molestation. 

IN-FeS'TiVE, a. Not festive ; having no mirth. 

IN-FES-TIV'1-TY, n. Want of mirth or festivity. 

IN-FEu-Da'TION (-f j-da'shun), n. Act of putting 
one in possession of fee or estate. 

iX'FI-DEL, a. Xot believing in the Scriptures. 

IN'FI-DEL, n. One who denies the Scriptures and 
Christianity. — Syn. Unbeliever; freethinker; de- 
ist; atheist; skeptic. — Some have endeavored to 
widen the sense of infidel so as to embrace athe- 
ism and every form of unbelief, but this has failed. 
A freethinker is now only another name for an 
infidel. An unbeliever is not necessarily a disbe- 
liever or infidel, because he may still be inquiring 
after evidence to satisfy his mind ; the word, 
however, is more commonly used in the worst 
sense. A deist believes in one God and a divine 
providence, but rejects revelation. An atheist 
denies the being of God. A skejrtic is one whose 
faith in the reliability of evidence is weakened or 
destroyed, so that religion, to the same extent, 
has no practical hold on his mind. 

IN-FI-DeL'I-TY, n. Disbelief of the inspiration 
of the Scriptures ; breach of trust ; treachery ; 
unfaithfulness, particularly in married persons. 

IN-FH/TRaTE, v. t. To enter by the pores. 

IN-FIL-TRa'TIOX, n. Act of entering the pores. 

IN'FI-NiTE, a. Strictly, without limits of any 
kind; having no end, as an infinite series; in a 
loose sense, of very great and indefinite dimen- 
sions. — Syn. Boundless ; illimitable ; intermina- 
ble ; endless ; unbounded ; immense. 

iN'FI-NiTE-LY, ad. Without limit or end. 

IX'FI-XITE-XESS, n. Boundless extent. 

IX-FIX-I-TES'I-MAL, n. An indefinitely small 
quantity ; a. infinitely small. 

IN-FiN'I-TIVE, a. Undefined or not defining, as 
the infinitive mood in grammar, which expresses 
the action of the verb without a limitation of num- 
ber or person. 

IX-FIX'I-TuDE, n. Infinity; immensity. 

IX-FIN'I-TY, n. Unlimited extent or number. 

IN-FiRM' (17), a. Not firm or sound ; weak in 
mind; not solid or stable. — Syn. Debilitated; 
sickly ; feeble ; irresolute ; unstable. 

IN-FiRM'A-RY (IT), n. A hospital or place to 
lodge and nurse the sick. 

IN-FiRM'I-TY, n. An unsound or unhealthy state 
of body; weakness of mind or of resolution; any 
particular disease ; any deficiency of strength in 
a thing. — Syn. Feebleness; unsoundness; foible; 
malady ; defect ; imperfection. 

IN-FiRM'LY, ad. In a weak or feeble manner. 



dove, wolf, book; rule, bull; vrcious. — o as 



as z ; en as sn ; this. 



Not English. 



INF 



224 



ING 



IN-FiRM'NESS, n. The want of soundness ; state 
of weakness ; feebleness. 

IN-FIX', v. t, To fix deep ; to fasten ; to implant. 

IN-FLaME', v. t. To set on fire ; to excite and in- 
crease, as passion or appetite ; to fill with anger 
or cause irritation. — Syn. To fire ; kindle ; heat ; 
provoke ; incense ; exasperate ; enrage. 

IN-FLaM'ER, n. The person or thing that sets 
on fire. 

IN-FLAM-MA-BlL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of tak- 

^ ing fire. 

IN-FLaM'MA-BLE, a. Susceptible of taking fire ; 
easily enkindled or set on fire. 

IN-FLAM-Ma'TION, n. The act of setting on 
fire; the state of being in flame; violent excite- 
ment ; a redness and swelling attended witirheat, 
pain, and febrile symptoms. 

IN-FLaM'MA-TO-RY, a. Tending to or showing 
inflammation, accompanied with preternatural 
heat and excitement of arterial action ; tending 
to excite anger or sedition. 

IN-FLaTE', v. t. To swell by injecting air ; to fill 
with the breath ; to puff up ; to elate. 

IN-FLa'TION, n. The act of inflating; state of 
being distended with air ; a swelling with wind 
or vanity. [late. 

IN-FLeCT', v. t. To bend; to decline; to modu- 

IN-FLe€'TION (-flek'shun), n. Act of bending or 
turning ; a variation of nouns by declension, and 
of verbs by conjugation; modulation of the voice 
in speaking. 

IN-FLe€T'1VE, a. Able to bend or vary. 

IX-FLEX-I-BiL'I-TY, n. Unyielding stiffness; 
obstinacy of will or temper ; firmness of purpose. 

IN-FLeX'I-BLE (-fleks'e-bl), a. Immovably stiff 
or firm ; that will not yield ; firm in purpose ; 
that can not be turned or changed. — Syn. Un- 
bending ; unyielding ; rigid ; inexorable ; obsti- 
nate; stubborn; unrelenting. 

IN-FLeX'I-BLY, ad. With unyielding firmness. 

IN-FLICT', v. t. To lay or bring on, as evil ; to 
apply. 

IN-FLi€T ER, n. One who inflicts. 

IN-FLiCTION (-flik'skun), n. The act of inflict- 
ing; the punishment applied. 

IN-FLI€T'lVE, a. Tending to inflict. 

IN-FLO-RES'CENCE, n. Mode of flowering in 
plants; unfolding of blossoms. 

iN'FLU-ENCE, n. Literally, a flowing into, in or 
on, and referring to substances spiritual, or too 
subtile to be visible ; power whose operation is 
unseen, and known chiefly by its effects ; moral 
power; spiritual power. 

iN'FLU-ENCE, v. t. To move by invisible phys- 
ical power or by moral power; to persuade; to 
affect the mind or passions ; to lead or direct. 

IN-FLU-EN'TIAL (-en'shal), a. Exerting influ- 
ence; controlling. 

IN-FLU-eN'TIAL-LY, ad. So as to incline or di- 
rect. 

IN-FLU-fiN'ZA, n. An epidemic catarrh. 

iN'FLUX, n. Act of flowing in; introduction. 

IN-FLuX'ION, n. Infusion ; intromission. 

IN-FoLD', v. t. To involve ; to inwrap ; to in- 
close ; to embrace. 

IN-FoLD'MENT, n. Act of infolding. 

IN-F6RM', v. t. Literally, to form within ; to act- 
uate or move by an inward energy ; to acquaint 
by word or writing ; v. i. to give information or 
testimony ; used chiefly with against, as to inform 
against. — Syn. To animate; quicken; apprise; 
tell; teach; instruct. 

INXFoRM'AL, a. Irregular; wanting form. 

IN-FOR-MaL'I-TY, n. Want of the usual forms. 

IN-FoRM'AL-LY, ad. Without the usual forms. 

IN-F6RM'ANT, n. One who tells; one who gives 
notice or intelligence. — Syn. Informer. — These 
two words should never be confounded. An in- 
former is one who, for selfish ends, volunteers 
accusations with a view to have others punished ; 



an informant is one who simply acquaints us with 
something we had not known before. 

IN-FOR-Ma'TION, n. Communication of knowl- 
edge ; instruction ; knowledge derived from any 
source; intelligence or advice from abroad; a 
charge or accusation preferred. 

IN-F6RM'ER, n. One who communicates knowl- 
edge of offenses. 

IN-F6RM'I-TY, n. Shapelessness ; irregularity. , 

IN-FoRM'OUS, a. Shapeless; irregular. 

IN'FRA, a Latin preposition used in compounds as 
signifying beneath, &c. 

IN-FRaC'TION, n. Breach ; violation ; the act 
of breaking. [ment. 

IN-FRa€T'OR, n. One who violates an agree- 

IN-FRA-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, n. Sublapsarian, which 
see. 

IN-FRA-MuN'DaNE, a. Lying beneath the world. 

IN-FRaN'gI-BLE, a. That can not be broken or 
separated into parts. 

IN-FRe'QUENCE, \n. Uncommonness; the state 

IN-FRE'QUEN-C Y, j of rarely occurring. 

IN-FRe'QUENT, a. Seldom happening or coming 
to notice; not usual. 

IN-FRe'QUENT-LY, ad, Not frequently. 

IN-FRIg-I-Da'TION, n. The act of making cold ; 
chilling. [gress. 

IN-FRiNgE', v. t. To break ; to violate ; to trans- 

IN-FRINgE'MENT, n. Act of violating.— Syn. 
Breach ; non-fulfillment ; transgression ; intru- 
sion ; trespass ; encroachment. 

IN-FRu€T'u-oSE, a. Unfruitful. [gant. 

IN-FRu'GAL, a. Not frugal; careless; extrava- 

IN-FRU-giF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing no fruit. 

IN-FU-Ma^TION, n. The act of drying in smoke. 

IN-Fu'RI-aTE, v. t. To enrage; to make mad. 

IN-Fu'RI-ATE, a. Like a fury ; raging ; mad. 

IN-FuS'€aTE, v. t. To darken; to make black. 

IN-FUS-Oa'TION, n. Act of making dark. 

IN-FuSE' (-fuze'), v. t. To pour in, as a liquid ; 
to instill, as principles or qualities; to introduce; 
to steep in liquors without boiling, for extracts. 

IN-FU-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being infused 
or poured in ; incapacity of being fused. 

IN-Fu'SI-BLE (-fu'ze-bl) ; a. That may be in- 
fused ; that can not be dissolved, melted, or made 
liquid. 

IN-Fu'SION (-f u'zhun), n. Act of pouring in ; 
substance infused ; suggestion ; in pharmacy, the 
process of steeping in liquors ; the liquor in which 
plants have been steeped for extract. 

IN-Fu'SIVE, a. Having power of infusion. 

•iTN-FU-So'RI-A, n. [L.] Microscopic animals in- 
habiting water and other liquids. 

IN-GaT H'ER-ING, n. Act of collecting and se- 
curing the fruits of the earth ; harvest. 

IN-geL'A-BLE, a. That can not be congealed. 

IN-geM'I-NaTE, v. t. To double ; to repeat. 

IN-gEM-I-Na'TION, n. Repetition ; doubling. 

IN-geN'ER-aTE, v. t. To produce within. 

IX-geN'ER-ATE, a. - Inborn; innate. 

IN-geN'IOUS (in-jen'yus), a. Possessed of gen- 
ius or the faculty of invention ; hence, skillful or 
prompt to invent or contrive ; of curious design 
or structure ; well adapted or witty, as an ingen- 
ious answer. 

IN-geN'I-OUS-LY, ad. With ingenuity or skill ; 
cleverly. 

IN-geNT-OUS-NESS, n. Promptness at inven- 
tion ; curiousness of design or execution. 

IN-geN'iTE, a. Innate; inbred. 

IN-gE-Nu'I-TY, n. Ready invention; quickness 
and acuteness in combining ideas. — Syn. Clever- 
ness. — Ingenuity is a form of genius, and clever- 
ness of talent. The former implies invention, 
the latter a peculiar dexterity and readiness of 
execution. Sir James Mackintosh remarks that 
the English overdo in the use of the words clever 
and cleverness, applying them loosely to almost 
every form of intellectual ability. 



1, e, &c, long. — I, £, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



ING 



225 



INJ 



IN-g-kN'u-OUS (-jen'yu-ua), a. Free from reserve, 
disguise, or dissimulation becoming an honor- 
able mind. — Syn. Open, frank. — One who is open 
speaks out at once what is uppermost in his 
mind ; one who is frank does it from a natural 
boldness or dislike of self-restraint; one who is 
ingenuous is actuated by a noble candor and love 
of truth, which makes him willing to confess his 
faults, and make known all his sentiments with- 
out reserve. [ly. 

IN-<i£NT T -OUS-LY, ad. Candidly; frankly; fair- 

IX-ufiX'u-OUS-XESS, n. Openness of heart; 
freedom from reserve. 

IN-c;eS'TI0X (-jest'yuri), n. Act of throwing in. 

iX G 'GLE (ing'gl), n. [Scottish.] A fire-place. 

IX-GLo'KI-O US, a. Bringing no glory ; shameful. 

IN'GOT, n. A bar or wedge of gold, silver, or 
other metal cast in a mold, or a mass unwrought. 

IN-GRaFT' (6), v. t. To insert a scion in a stock ; 
to plant or introduce something foreign into that 
which is native ; to fix deep. 

IX-GRaFT'MEXT, n. Act of ingrafting. 

IX-GRaIX', v. t. To dye before manufacture ; to 
work into the natural texture. 

IN'GRaTE, a. Ungrateful; unthankful; ft. an 
ungrateful person. 

IN-GRa'TIaTE (in-gra'shate), v. t. To commend 
one' s self to favor. 

IX-GRAT'I-TuDE, n. Want of a due sense of fa- 
vors ; return of evil for good. 

IN-GRE'DI-EXT, n. That which enters into a 
compound as a component part. 

IX'GRESS, n. Entrance; power of entering. 

IX-GReS'SION (-grosh'un), n. Act of entering. 

iX G 'GUI-XAL, a. Belonging to the groin. 

IX-GCLF', v. t. To swallow in a gulf; to cast into 
\a gulf. 

IX-GOR'gI-TaTE, v. t. To swallow greedily. 

IX-GUR-gI-Ta'TIOX, ft. Act of swallowing 

IX-If aB'iLE, a. Xotfit; unskilled. [greedily. 

IX-TiAB'IT, v. t. To live or dwell in; to occupy 
as a place of settled residence. 

IX-H AB'IT, v. i. To dwell ; to live ; to abide. 

IX-HaB'IT-A-BLE, a. That may be inhabited. 

IX-HAB'IT-AX-CY, ft. Legal residence. 

IN-lLiB'IT-ANT, ft. A dweller; one who resides 
permanently in a place ; one who has a legal set- 
tlement in a town, city, or parish. 

IX-HAB-I-Ta'TION, ft. Act of residence; abode 
or dwelling. 

IN-HAB'IT-A-TiVE-XESS, ft. In phrenology, an 
organ which produces love of particular regions 
or love of home. 

IN-HaB'IT-ER, ft. A dweller ; an inhabitant. 

IX-HaB'IT-RESS, ft. A female inhabitant. 

IX-HA-La'TIOX, ft. The act of inhaling. 

IX-HaLE', v. t. To draw into the lungs, as air. 

IX-HaL'ER, ft. One who inhales; an apparatus 
for inhaling medicated vapors, &c, into the lungs. 

IX-HAR-Mo'XI-OUS, a. Unmusical ; discordant. 

IX-HAR-Mo'XI-OUS-LY, ad. Discordantly. 

IX-HeARSE', v. t. To place in a hearse. 

IX-IIeRE', v. i. ■ To exist or be fixed in something. 

IN-HeR'ENCE, \ ft. Existence in something; a 

IX-HER'EX-CY,f fixed state of being in another 
body or substance. 

IX-HeR'EXT, a. Existing in something so as to 
be inseparable from it ; naturally pertaining to. 
— Syn. Innate ; inborn ; native ; natural ; inbred ; 
inwrought. 

IX-HeR'EXT-LY, ad. By inherence. 

IX-HeR'IT, v. t. To take by descent from ances- 
tors; to receive by nature from a progenitor; to 
possess; to enjoy; v. i. to take or have posses- 
sion. 

IX-HeR'IT-A-BLE, a. That, may be inherited; 
capable of taking by inheritance. 

IN-HeR'IT-AXCE, ft. Act of inheriting; that 
which descends to us from our ancestors; that 
which belongs by right to us and our posterity. 



IX-HER'IT-OR, n. A man who inherits. 

IX-HF;R'IT-RESS,\ ft. An heiress, a female who 

IX-HER'IT-RIX, / inherits. 

IX-IIe'SIOX (-he'zhun), ft. Act or state of inher- 
ing. 

IX-HiB'IT, v. t. To forbid, to hinder; to restrain. 

IX-HI-Bl"TIOX (-bish'un), ft. Act of prohibiting. 

IX-HiB'IT-O-RY, a. Prohibitory. 

IX-II6S'PI-TA-BLE, a. Affording no conveniences 
or shelter for strangers; wanting in hospitality. 

IX-H6S'PI-TA-BLE-XESS,) ft. Want of hospi- 

IN-HOS-PI-TAL'I-TY, J tality. 

IX-IIoS'PI-TA-BLY, ad. Unkindly to strangers. 

IX-Hu'MAX, a. Destitute of kindness and tender- 
ness; marked with cruelty. — Syn. Barbarous; 
cruel; unfeeling; savage; pitiless; merciless. 

IX-HU-MAX'I-TY, ft. Barbarity; cruelty. 

IX-IIO'MAX-LY, ad. Barbarously; with cruelty. 

IX-HU-Ma'TIOX, ft. The act of burying; in 
chemistry, a method of digesting substances by 
burying the vessel containing them in warni 
earth, &c. 

IN-HuME', v. t. To inter; to bury, as a dead 
body ; to digest in a vessel surrounded by warm 
earth. 

IX-iM'I-€AL, a. Unfriendly; adverse; hurtful. 

IX-iM'I-CAL-LY, ad. In an unfriendly manner. 

IX-IM-I-TA-BiL'I-TY, ft. Incapacity to be imi- 
tated. 

IX-iM'I-TA-BLE, a. That can not be imitated. 

IN-iM'I-TA-BLY, ad. To a degree beyond imita- 
tion. 

IX-iQ'UI-TOUS (-ik'we-tus), a. Characterized 
by great injustice. — Syn. Wicked; nefarious. — . 
Wicked is generic ; iniquitous is stronger, denot- 
ing a violation of the rights of others, usually by 
fraud or circumvention ; nefarious is still stron- 
ger, implying a breach of the most sacred obliga- 
tions. 

IX-IQ'UI-TY (-ik'we-ty), ft. Want of rectitude ; 
deviation from rectitude ; some particular act of 
wickedness. — Syn. Injustice; unrighteousness; 
crime. 

IX-l"TIAL (-ish'al), a. Placed at the beginning; 
first; incipient; n. the first letter of a name. 

IX-i"TIaTE (-ish'ate), v. t. To instruct in rudi- 
ments ; to introduce into a new state or society ; 
to begin. 

IX-I-TI-a'TIOX (-ish-e-a'shun), ft. Act of initiat- 
ing ; instruction in first principles. 

IX-i"TIA-TO-RY (-Ish'a-to-ry), a. Serving to ini- 
tiate; introducing by instruction ; initiating. 

IX-J£CT', v. t. To throw in or upon. 

IX-JeC'TIOX (-juk'shun), ft. Act of throwing in ; 
a clyster; the act of filling up, as the vessels of 
an animal body, with some colored substance, to 
show the veins, &c. 

IX-JU-Di"CIOUS (-dish'us), a. Not wise or ac- 
cording to sound judgment. — Syn. Indiscreet; 
inconsiderate; incautious; unwise; rash. 

IX-JU-DI"CIOUS-LY, ad. Without judgment ; 
unwisely; acting indiscreetly. 

IX-JU-Di"CIOUS-XESS, ft. The quality of being 
injudicious or unwise. 

IX-JuX€'TIOX (-jiink'shun), ft. A command ; the 
direction of a superior vested with authority; ur- 
gent advice ; in law, a writ of the court of chan- 
cery forbidding or requiring some specified act 
to be done. 

iX'JURE, v. t. To wrong the person, to damage 
the property, or lessen the happiness of ourselves 
or others. — Syn. To hurt; wound; damage; slan- 
der; tamish ; diminish; annoy; grieve; deterio- 
rate; impair; violate. 

IX-Ju'RI-OUS, a. Hurtful to the rights or person 
of another ; causing damage or loss ; lessening 
reputation; doing injustice. — Syn. Wrongful; 
unjust; hurtful; mischievous; detractory; con- 
tumelious. 

IX-Ju'RI-OUS-LY, ad. Hurtfully; wrongfully. 



dove, wolf, book; bule, bull; vi/'cious. — e as k ; d as j; s as z; ch as sn; this. + Not English. 



INJ 



226 



INQ 



IN-Ju'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Quality of being hurtful 
or injurious. 

iN'JU-RY, n. Any wrong or damage done to a 
man's person, rights, or reputation, &c. ; any 
diminution of what is good and valuable. — Syn. 
Hurt; mischief; detriment; annoyance; damage. 

IN-JuS'TiCE, n. Injury to rights; wrong done; 
withholding merited praise, or ascribing unmerit- 
ed blame. 

INK (66), n. A liquor used for writing or printing. 

INK, v. t. To black or mark with ink. 

iNK'HORN, n. A vessel to hold ink ; a portable 
case for instruments of writing. 

iNK'I-NESS, n. The state of being inky. 

iNK'LE (ink'kl), n. A kind of narrow fillet; tape. 

INK'LING, n. A hint; whisper; inclination; de- 

INK'STAND, n. A vessel to hold ink. [sire. 

iNK'Y, a. Consisting of ink or resembling it. 

IN-LaCE', v. t. To embellish with variegations. 

iN'LAND, a. Interior; remote from the sea or 
ocean ; not foreign. 

IN-LaY' (-laO, v. t. To ornament or diversify a 
surface by laying in pieces of some different ma- 
terial, as ivory, pearl, &c. [laying. 

iN'LaY, n. Materials inlaid or prepared for in- 

IN-LaY'ER, n. One who inlays or whose occupa- 
tion^ to inlay. 

IN-LaY'ING, n. The ornamenting of work with 
thin pieces of wood, ivory, metal, &c, set in a 
ground of wood or some coarser material. 

iN'LET, n. Passage into an inclosed place ; a bay 
or recess. 

IN-LIST'. See Enlist. 

iN'LY, a. Interior; internal; secret. 

iN'LY, ad. Internally ; within ; in the heart ; se- 
cretly. 

iN'MaTE, n. One who lives in the same house. 

iN'MoST, a. Deepest or furthest within. 

INN, n. A house for the entertainment and lodg- 
ing of travelers. In England, this name is given 
to a college of professors and students of law, as 
Gray's Inn. 

INN, v. i. To put up at an inn ; to lodge. 

INN, v. t. To house ; to put under cover. 

IN'NaTE or IN-NaTE', a. Born with us; natu- 
ral ; native ; innate ideas, ideas supposed to be 
stamped on the mind from its earliest existence. 

IN'NaTE-LY or IN-NaTE'LY, ad. According to 
innate ideas or impressions; naturally. 

IN'NaTE-NESS or IN-NaTE'NESS, n. The qual- 
ity of being innate. 

IN-NaV'I-GA-BLE, a. Impassable by ships. 

IN'NER, a. Interior ; further inward. 

iN'NER-MoST, a. Furthest inward ; most remote 
from the outward part. 

IN-NKRVE', v. t. To invigorate ; to strengthen. 

iN'NING, n. The ingathering of grain; the turn 
for using the bat in cricket. 

IN'NINGS, n. pi. Lands recovered from the sea. 

INN'KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps a house of en- 
tertainment for strangers. 

iN'NO-CENCE, t n. Freedom from guilt; harm- 

iN'NO-CEN-CY,] lessness. 

iN'NO-CENT, a. Free from qualities that can in- 
jure; free from guilt.— Syn. Harmless; inoffen- 
sive; guiltless; pure. 

iN'NO-CENT, n. One free from guilt ; a natural ; 
an idiot. 

iN'NO-CENT-LY, ad. Harmlessly ; without guilt. 

IN-No€'u-OUS (-nf.k'yu-us), a. Not calculated to 
injure. — Syn. Safe; harmless; innocent. 

IN-N6€'u-OUS-LY, ad. Harmlessly; Avithout in- 
jurious effects. 

IN-N6€'u-OUS-NESS, n. Harmlessness. 

iN'NO-VaTE, v. i. To introduce novelties; v. t. 
to change or alter, or bring in something new. 

IN-NO-Va'TION, n. Introduction of novelties. 

iN'NO-Va-Ti )R, n. One who innovates. 

IN-NdX'IOUS (-nok'shus), a. Harmless; inno- 
cent ; not producing evil. 



IN-NU-fiN'DO, n. An oblique hint at some one to 
his injury; in law, a showing the application of 
some injurious remark — Syn. Insinuation.— An 
innuendo supposes a representation so framed 
as to point distinctly (lit., by nodding) at some- 
thing beyond which is injurious to the character, 
&c, of the person aimed at. An insinuation 
turns on no such double use of language ; but con- 
sists in artfully winding into the mind imputa- 
tions of an injurious nature without making any 
direct charge, and is therefore justly regarded as 
one of the basest resorts of malice and falsehood. 

IN-NU-MER-A-BiL'I-TY, \ n. State of being in- 

IN-Nu'MER-A-BLE-NESS,j numerable. [ed. 

IN-Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. That can not be number- 

IN-Nu'MER-A-BLY, ad. Beyond number. 

IN-Nu'MER-OUS, a. Too many to be counted or 
numbered. 

IN-NU-TRl"TION (-trfsh'un), n. Failure of nour- 
ishment; want of nutrition. 

IN-NU-TRI"TIOUS (-trish'us), a. Not affording 
nourishment. 

IN-NO'TRI-TiiVE, a. Not nourishing. 

IN-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Neglect of observation. 

IN-OB-SER_V'ANT, a. Not taking notice. 

IN-o€'u-LaTE, v. t. Literally, to insert an eye or 
bud, as in the bark of trees, for the sake of prop- 
agation ; hence, to infect with a disease (as the 
small-pox) by inserting its virus under the skin ; 
v. i. to practice inoculation. 

IN-0€-u-La'TION (-ok-yu-la'shun), n. Act of in- 
oculating. 

IN-o€'u-La-TOR, n. One who inoculates. 

IN-o'DOR-OUS, a. Destitute of smell; wanting 
scent. 

IN-OF-FeN'SiVE, a. Giving no offense; harm- 
less ; not obstructing. 

IN-OF-FEN'SIVE-LY,ad!. Harmlessly; in a man- 
ner not to offend. 

IN-OF-FEN'SiVE-NESS, n. The quality of harm- 
lessness; innocence. 

IN-OF-FI"CIAL (-fish'al), a, Not official; not 
done in the usual forms or by authority. 

IN-OF-FI"CIOUS (-fish 'us), a. Contrary to nat- 
ural duty ; not civil or attentive. 

IN-6P'ER-A-TiVE, a. Not operating; inactive; 
having no operation; producing no effect. 

IN-OP-POR-TuNE', a. Unseasonable in time ; not 
opportune ; inconvenient. 

IN-OP-POR-TuNE'LY, ad. At an inconvenient 
or unseasonable time. [wealthy. 

IN-oP'u-LENT v-op'yu-lent), a. Not opulent or 

IN-6R'DI-NA-CY, n. Want of moderation.— Syn. 
Irregularity; disorder; excess. 

IN-oR'DI-NATE, a* Not limited to rules pre- 
scribed or to usual bounds. — Syn. Irregular ; dis- 
orderly; immoderate; excessive. 

IN-oR'DI-NATE-LY, ad. Immoderately ; to ex- 
cess, [excess. 

IN-oR'DI-NATE-NESS, n. Want of moderation ; 

IN-OR-GaN'IC, \ a. Destitute of organs; not 

IN-OR-GaN'IC-ALJ found with the organs or 
instruments of life. 

IN-oR'GAN-iZE'D, a. Not having structure ; in- 
organic. 

IN-oS'CU-LaTE, v. t. To unite by apposition or 
contact, as a vein and an artery, at their extrem- 
ities. 

IN-OS-€U-La'TION, n. Union by junction of 
their extremities, as in veins and arteries. 

+IN PoS'SE. LL.] In possible existence. 

iN'QUEST, n. Judicial inquiry or examination; 
a jury, particularly a coroner's, to examine in 
cases_ of sudden death, &c. 

IN-QUi'E-TuDE, n. A restless, disturbed state of 
mind. — Syn. Uneasiness; disquietude; restless- 
ness. 

IN-QUIRE', v. t. To ask about ; to seek by ask- 
ing, as to inquire the way ; v. i. to seek for truth 
or information ; followed by of, about, after, &c. 



A, % &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what ; tiieee, teem ; mab'ine, bied ; move, 



ES T Q 



227 



INS 



IN-QUI-ReN'DO, n. [L.] In law, an authority 
given by writ to inquire, &c. 

IN-QUiR'ER, n. One who asks or examines. 

IN-QUl'RY, n. Act of inquiring ; a seeking for in- 
formation by questions ; search for truth ; exam- 
ination; interrogatory; question, - scrutiny. 

IN-QUI-$i"TION (in-kwe-zish'un),«. Judicial in- 
quiry; inquiry; examination; a Roman Catholic 
tribunal for discovering and punishing heretics. 

IN-QUI-Si"TION-AL (-zish'un-), a. Pertaining to 
inquisition ; busy in inquiry. 

IN-QUi$'I-TiVE (in-kwiz'e-tiv), a. Given to in- 
quiry ; eager in the pursuit of knowledge. — Syn. 
Curious ; prying. — Curious denotes a feeling, 
and inquisitive a habit. "We are curious when we 
desire to learn something new; we are inquisi- 
tive when we set ourselves to gain it by inqui- 
ry or research. Prying implies inquisitiveness 
when carried to an extreme, and is more com- 
monly used in a bad sense, as indicating a desire 
to penetrate into the secrets of others. 

IX-QUIS'I-TiVE-LY, ad. With curiosity to in- 
quire. 

IN-QUi$'I-TiVE-NESS, n. Disposition to seek 
for knowledge ; curiosity. 

IN-QUI$'I-TOR, n. A member of the inquisition ; 
one who sets himself to inspecting the conduct 
of others. 

IN-QUIS-I-To'RI-AL, of. Pertaining to an inquis- 
itor or the inquisition ; having the spirit of an 
inquisitor. 

IN-RaIL', v. t. To inclose with rails. 

IN'RoAD, n. An incursion; sudden invasion. 

IN-SAL-I-Va'TION, n. The mixture of saliva 
with food during mastication. 

IN-SA-Lti'BRI-OUS, a. Hostile to the health.— 
Syn. Unhealthy ; unwholesome ; sickly ; pesti- 
lential. 

IN-SA-Lu'BRI-TY, n. Want of healthful quali- 
ties ; unwholesomeness, as the insalubrity of 
climate, of water, &c. 

IN-SAL'u-TA-RY, a. Unfavorable to health; not 
tending to safety. 

IN-SaN'A-BLE, a. That can not be healed. 

IN-SaNE', a. Unsound in mind ; deranged ; ap- 
propriated to unsound persons, as an insane hos- 
pital. — Syn. Crazy ; distracted ; delirious ; de- 
mented; frantic; raving. 

IN-SaNE'LY, ad. Madly; without reason. 

IN-SaN'I-TY, n. Unsoundness of mind ; derange- 
ment of intellect. — Syn. Lunacy; madness; de- 
rangement; alienation; aberration; mania; de- 
lirium; frenzy; monomania; dementia. — Insan- 
ity is the generic term for all such diseases; lu- 
nacy has now an equal extent of meaning, though 
once used to denote periodical insanity; madness 
has the same extent, though originally referring 
to the rage created by the disease ; derangement, 
aberration, alienation, are popular terms' for in- 
sanity ; delirium, mania, and frenzy denote ex- 
cited states of the disease ; dementia denotes the 
loss of mental power by this means : monomania 
is insanity upon a single subject. 

IN-Sa'TIA-BLE (in-sa'sha-bl), a. That can not be 
satisfied. — Syn. Ravenous; rapacious; eager; un- 
sated ; greedy. 

IN-Sa'TIA-BLE-NESS, n. Greediness not to be 
satisfied. 

IN-Sa'TIA-BLY, ad. With greediness not to be 
satisfied. 

IN-Sa'TIATE, a. Not to be satisfied. 

IN-SA-Ti'E-TY, n. Insatiableness. 

IN'SCi-ENCE (in'si-ence), n. Ignorance ; want of 
knowledge. 

IN-SCRTB'A-BLE, a. That may be inscribed. 

IN-S€RiBE', v. t. To write, engrave, or imprint 
on ; to dedicate or commend, as to inscribe a 
poem or book to a prince ; to draw a geometric- 
al figure within another. 

IN-S€RiP'TION, n. That which is written, 



marked, or engraved on something; an address 
or dedication of a book, poem, &c, to some 
person ; a title. 

IN-S€RiP'TiVE, a. Bearing an inscription. 

IN-S€RoLL', v. t. To write on a scroll. 

IN-S€RU-TA-BiL'I-TY, \ n. The quality of be- 

IX-S€RC'TA-BLE-NESS, / ing inscrutable. 

IX-SCRC'TA-BLE, a. Undiscoverable by human 
reason ; unsearchable. 

IX-SCRC'TA-BLY, ad. So as not to be found out. 

IX-S€uLP", v. t. To engrave: to carve. 

IX-S€uLPT'uRE (-skfdpt'yur), n. Sculpture; an 
engraving. 

IX-SeAM', v. t. To impress or mark with a seam. 

IX-SECA-BLE, a. That can not be divided by a 
cutting instrument. 

iX'SE€T,n. A small animal, as a fly, a wasp, &c. ; 
any thing small or contemptible. 

iN'SECT, a. Relating to insects; small; mean; 
contemptible. 

IX-Se€T'iLE, a. Having the nature of insects. 

IN-Se€'TIOX (-sek'shun), n. Act of cutting in; 
a cut. 

IN-SE€-TIV'0-ROUS, a. Feeding on insects. 

IX-SE-CuRE', a. Not safe; not confident of safe- 
ty ; exposed to danger or loss. — Syn. Unsafe ; 
dangerous; hazardous; uncertain. 

IX-SE-€uRE'LY, ad. Unsafely ; with hazard. 

IN-SE-€u'RI-TY, n. Want of safety; danger; 
uncertainty. 

IN-SeN'SATE, a. Senseless ; stupid. 

IN-SEN-SI-BiL'I-TY, \ n. Want of sensibility 

IN-SEN'SI-BLE-NESS,f or feeling ; want of ten- 
derness; a dull or torpid state. — Syn. Dullness; 
numbness ; unfeelingness ; stupidity ; torpor ; 
apathv; indifference. 

IN-SEN'SI-BLE, a. Destitute of feeling ; wanting 
in emotion; in a state of dullness or torpor; not 
perceptible. — Syn. Imperceptible; imperceiva- 
ble; dull; stupid; torpid; senseless; unfeeling; 
indifferent; unsusceptible; hard; callous, &c. 

IN-SeX'SI-BLY. ad. Imperceptibly. 

IN-SeN'TIENT (-sSn'shent), a. Not having per- 
ception. 

IN-SEP'A-RA-BLE, a. That can not be disjoined. 

IN-SeP'A-RA-BLE-NESS,) n. Quality or state of 

IN-SEP-A-RA-BiL'I-TY, f being inseparable. 

IX-SeP'A-RA-BLY, ad. With indissoluble union. 

IN-SeRT' (13), v. t. To set in ; to thrust in. 

IN-SeRT'ING, n, A setting in ; something set in, 
as lace into garments. 

IN-SeR'TION (-ser'shun), n. Act of inserting or 
placing in or among other things ; the manner in 
which one part is inserted into another, as of a 
muscle ; the thing inserted. 

IN-SeT', v. t. To infix or implant. 

IX-SHaD'ED, a. Marked with different shades. 

IX-SHRiXE'. See Enshrine. 

IX-SI€-€a'TIOX, n. The act of drying in. 

IN'SiDE, n. The inward part or place. 

IX-SID'I-OUS, a. Literally, lying in wait ; hence, 
watching to entrap ; intended to insnare. — Syn. 
Treacherous ; designing ; wily ; crafty ; dishon- 
est; knavish; deceitful; sly; ensnaring. 

IN-SiD'I-OUS-LY, ad. Deceitfully; treacherously. 

IN-SiD'I-OUS-NESS, n. A watching for an op- 
portunity to insnare ; deceitfulness; treachery. 

iN'SlGHT (in'site), n. Sight or view of the interi- 
or of a thing ; inspection ; thorough knowledge. 

+IN-SIG'NI-A (-sig'ne-a), n. pi. [L.] Marks ; 
signs; badges of distinction. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANCE, ? n. Want of significa- 

IN-SIG-NiF'I-€AN-CY,i tion; want of force or 
weight; worthlessness. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, a. Void of meaning; an- 
swering no purpose; without weight of charac- 
ter. — Syn. Unimportant; immaterial; worthless; 
inconsiderable ; trivial ; mean ; contemptible. 

IN-SIG-NjF'I-CANT-LY, ad. Without meaning. 

IN-SIN-CeRE', a. Not being in truth what one 



dove, wolt, book ; eule, BULL ; vicious. — o as k ; (i as j ; s as z ; en as sa ; this. + Xot English. 



INS 



228 



INS 



professes to be; characterized by insincerity, as 
words, &c. ; not sound or secure, as joys. — Syn. 
Dissembling; hollow; deceptive; disingenuous; 
hypocritical; deceitful; false. 

IN-SIN-CIRE'LY, ad. Hypocritically. 

IN-SIN-CER'I-TY, n. Want of sincerity; dissim- 
ulation ; deceitfulness. 

IN-SIN'u-aTE, v. t. To introduce gently ; to push 
one's self into favor; to hint; to suggest by re- 
mote allusion ; to instill ; to introduce artfully. 

IN-SiN'u-aTE, v.i. To creep in; to wind in; to 
gain on the affections by gentle or artful means ; 
to wind along. 

IN-SIN-u-a'TION, n. A winding in ; act of gain- 
ing, favor by gentle or artful means; the art or 
power of stealing on the affections; hint; sug- 
gestion. _ See Inmtjendo. 

IN-SiN'u-a-TOR, n. One who insinuates or hints. 

IN-SiP'ID, a. Void of taste or spirit; wanting 
point. — Syn. Tasteless ; dull ; vapid ; heavy; stu- 
pid ; spiritless; unanimated; lifeless; flat. 

IN-SI-PiD'I-TY, { n. Want of taste; want of 

IN-SiP'ID-NESS,f life and spirit. 

IN-SiP'ID-LY, ad. Without taste or spirit. 

IN-SiP'I-ENCE, n. Want of wisdom ; folly. 

IN-SIST', v. i. To stand ; to persist in ; to urge. 

IN-SiST'ENT, a. Standing or resting on. 

IN-Si"TION (-sish'un), n. Insertion of a scion in a 
stock; ingraftment. 

+IN Si'TU. [Z/.] In its original situation. 

IN-SNARE' (4), v. t. To entangle; to inveigle; to 
catch by stratagem ; to involve in perplexities. 

IN-SNAR'ER, n. One who entraps. 

IN-SO-BRi'E-TY, n. Intemperance; drunkenness. 

iN'SO-LaTE, v. t. To dry or expose to the sun's 
rays ; to ripen or prepare by exposure to the sun. 

IN'SO-LENCE, n. Haughtiness with contempt. — 
Syn. Insult. — Insolence is a spirit engendered by 
bloated pride or unbridled passion ; an insult is 
a personal attack (lit., leaping or dancing upon), 
indicating scorn and triumph. The one leads 
usually to the other.- 

iN'SO-LENT, a. Proud and haughty, with con- 
tempt of others; domineering in power; pro- 
ceeding from insolence. — Syn. Overbearing; in- 
sulting; offensive; audacious; impertinent. 

iN'SO-LENT-LY, ad. With contemptuous pride ; 
haughtily; rudely; saucily. 

IN-SO-LiD'I-TY, n. Want of solidity; weakness. 

IN-SOL-u-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being 
soluble or dissolvable in a fluid. 

IN-SoL'u-BLE (-sol'yu-bl), a. That can not be dis- 
solved in a fluid; not to be explained or solved. 

IN-S6LVA-BLE, a. That can not be solved or ex- 
plained, as a doubt. 

IN-S6LVEN-CY, n. Inability to pay all debts. 

IN-S6LVENT, a. Without a sufficiency for the 
payment of debts; applied to a debtor or his es- 
tate. 

IN-S6LVENT, n. One unable to pay his debts. 

IN-SoM'NI-OUS, a. Restless in sleep ; sleepless. 

IN-SO-MuCH', ad. So that; to such a degree. 

IN-SPeCT', v. t. To overlook; to look into; to 
view ; to examine ; to superintend. 

IN-SP£€'TION (-spSk'shun), n. Insight; over- 
sight; view; survey; official examination, as 
arms, &c. 

IN-SPe€T'OR, n. An examiner, as of goods, 
arms, &c. ; a superintendent ; one who oversees. 

IN-SPE€T'OR-SHIP,\«. JThe office of inspect- 

IN-SP£€T'OR-ATE, j" or. 

IN-SPHeRE' (-sfereO, v. t. To place in a sphere. 

IN-SPIR'A-BLE, a. That may be drawn into the 
lungs, &c. 

IN-SPI-Ra'TION, n. Act of drawing in the breath ; 
the act of breathing into any thing ; Divine infu- 
sion into the mind ; the infusion of a poetic spir- 
it, as the inspiration of Homer ; a highly excit- 
ing influence. 
IN-SPI'RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to inspiration. 



IN-SPIRE', v. i. To draw air into the lungs. 

IN-SPiRE', v. t. To breathe into ; to infuse ; to 
suggest supernaturally ; to infuse ideas or poetic 
spirit. 

IN-SPiR'ER, n. One who inspires or encourages. 

IN-SPiR'IT, v. t. To infuse or excite spirit in ; to 
give new life to. — Syn. To enliven ; invigorate ; 
exhilarate ; animate ; cheer ; encourage, 

IN-SPIS'SaTE, v. t. To thicken, as liquids. 

IN-SPIS'SATE, V n™...*. «.■ i •* 

IN-SPiS'SA-TED,/ "• Thlck ' Sickened. 

IN-SPIS-Sa'TION, n. The act of rendering a fluid 
substance thicker by evaporation. 

IN-STA-BiL'I-TY, n. Want of firmness of pur- 
pose ; mutability of opinion or conduct ; liability 
to change, as in affairs. — Syn. Inconstancy ; fick- 
leness; changeableness; wavering; unsteadiness. 

IN-STa'BLE, a. Inconstant; unsteady; change- 
able. 

IN-STALL' (in-stawl'), v. t. To put in possession 
of an office ; to install a clergyman is to place one, 
who has been previously ordained, over a partic- 
ular church. 

IN-STAL-La'TION, n. The giving possession of 
an office with customary ceremonies. 

IN-STALL'MENT, n. Act of installing [rare]; 
part of a sum of money paid or to be paid from 
time to time. [pie. 

iN'STANCE, n. Solicitation: occurrence; exam- 

IN'STANCE, v. i. To give or offer an example. 

iN'STANCE, v. t. To mention as an example. 

IN'STANT, n. A moment ; point of duration ; a 
particular time ; a. quick ; present ; immediate ; 
urgent. 

IN-STAN-Ta-NE-OUS, a. Done in an instant; 
very speedy. 

IN-STAN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, ad. In an instant or 
moment. See Directly. 

IN-STAN-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. State or quality 
of being immediate. 

+IN-STANT'ER. [L.] Instantly. 

iN'STANT-LY, ad. Immediately; at the moment. 
See Directly. 

IN-STaR', v. t. To set with stars. 

IN-STaTE', v. t. To place in a certain condition. 

+IN STa'TU QUO. [Z/.] In the former state. 

IN-STAU'RaTE, v. t. To restore from decay ; to 
repair; to reform. 

IN-STAU-Ra'TION, n. Restoration to a former 
state; renewal; re-establishment. 

IN-ST AU-Ra'TOR, n. One who renews or restores 
to a former condition. 

IN-STEAD' (in-st:d'), ad. Compound of in and 
stead, in the place or room of. 

IN-STEEP', v. t. To steep; to soak; to drink. 

iN'STEP, n. The upper part of the foot. 

IN'STI-GaTE, v. t. To move by some incentive ; 
to tempt to do evil. — Syn. To incite; stimulate; 
urge; provoke; impel; encourage; animate. 

IN-STI-Ga'TION, n. Incitement to a crime. 

iN'STI-Ga-TOR, n. One who incites to evil. 

IN-STILL', v. t. Literally, to infuse by drops; to 
enforce gently by repetition ; to insinuate. 

IN-STIL-La'TION, n. Act of infusing by drops 
or by small quantities. 

IN'STINCT, n. A tendency to action operating 
without the aid of instruction or experience. 

IN-STINOT', a. Moved from within ; actuated. 

IN-STiN€T'IVE, a. Prompted by instinct ; spon- 
taneous. 

IN-STiN€T'iVE-LY, ad. By force of instinct. 

iN'STI-TuTE, v. t. Literally, to set ; hence, to es- 
tablish, as to institute regulations; to enact, as 
to institute laws ; to found, as to institute an or- 
der of nobility; to commence, as to institute a 
suit ; to instruct. 

iN'STI-TuTE, n. Established law ; settled order ; 
an association for science or instruction. 

IN-STI-Tu'TION, n. The act of establishing; 
that which is established, as the institutions of 



I, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



INS 



229 



INT 



Lycurgus; system, plan, or society established 
by law, or otherwise, for promoting an object, 
public or social ; system of the elements or rules 
of any art or science ; education. 

IN-STI-TO'TION-AL, !a, Elemental; contain- 

IN-STI-TC'TION-A-RY,J ing the first principles 
and instructions. 

IN'STI-TS-TIVE, a. Tbat establishes; having 
power to establish; established; depending on 
institution. 

IVSTI-Tu-TOR, n. One who establishes. 

IN-STRCCT', v. t. To imbue with knowledge; to 
furnish with directions; to train up; to teach.— 
Syn. To direct or command. — The word instruct 
is used as a milder term for direct or command 
in issuing orders to officers under the govern- 
ment, as the President has instructed ministers 
at foreign courts so and so. 

IN-STRfi€'TION, n. Act of teaching precepts; 
precepts conveying knowledge; authoritative di- 
rection. — Syn. Indoctrination ; information ; ed- 
ucation; advice; counsel; command; order. 

IN-STRC€T'iVE, a. Affording instruction. 

IN-STRuCT'IVE-LY, ad. So as to convey knowl- 
edge, [instruction. 

IN-STRfi€T"lVE-NESS, n. Quality of furnishing 

IN-STHu€T'OR, n. One who teaches; one who 
imparts knowledge ; the preceptor of a school or 
seminary of learning. 

IN-STRuCT'RESS, n. A female who teaches. 

IN'STRU-MENT, n. That with which work is 
performed ; any thing by which au effect is 
brought about; a machine for producing musical 
sounds; a legal writing or deed; one who acts 
for another.— Syn. Tool; implement; means. 

IN-STRU-MF;NT'AL, a. Conducive; aiding; pro- 
duced by an instrument of music ; not vocal. 

IN-STRU-MEN-TaL'I-TY, n. Subordinate means; 
agency of any thing, as means to an end. 

IN-STRU-MfiNT'AL-LY, ad. By means or in the 
nature of an instrument; with instruments of 
nfusic. 

IN-STRU-MEN-Ta'TION (31), n. Mode of per- 
forming on musical instruments. 

IN-SUB-J£€'TION, n. State of disobedience to 
government. 

IN-SUB-MiS'SION (-mlsh'un), n. Want of sub- 
mission ; disobedience. 

IN-SUB-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. Want of subordina- 
tion ; disorder from disobedience to authority. 

IN-SuF'FER-A-BLE, a. Not to be borne; that 
can not be permitted ; disgusting beyond endur- 
ance. — Syn. Intolerable; insupportable; detest- 
able; contemptible. 

IN-SC-F'FER-A-BLY, ad. To a degree beyond en- 
durance. 

IN-SUF-Fi"CIEN-CY (-suf-fiish'en-sy), n. Want 
of sufficiency or of adequate power or strength. 
— Syn. Deficiency; inadequateness; inadequa- 
cy; inability; incapacity; incompetency. 

IN-SUF-Fl"CIENT (-fish'ent), a. Not sufficient; 
not adequate to a given need, use, or purpose; 
wanting in strength, power, ability, or skill. — 
Syn. Inadequate ; unequal; incompetent; unfit; 
incapable. 

IN-SUF-FLa'TION (-fla'shun), n. Act of breath- 
ing or blowing in. 

IN'Sl'-LAR, \a. Belonging to an isle; surround- 

IN'SU-LA-RY,| ed by water. 

IN-SU-LaR'I-TY, n. The state of being insular. 

IN'SU-LAR-LY, ad. In an insulated manner. 

iN'SU-LaTE, v. t. To place in a detached situa- 
tion ; to set up a column not contiguous to a wall ; 
to place electrified bodies, by means of non-con- 
ductors, so as to prevent electricity from escap- 
ing. 

1N'SU-La-TED, a. Standing by itself; placed on 
non-conducting substances so as not to commu- 
nicate with the earth ; also, noting a column de- 
tached from a wall and showing its whole surface. 



IN-SU-La'TION, n. Act of insulating. 

IX'SU-La-TOR, n. That which interrupts com- 
munication of electricity ; non-conductor. 

IVSL'LT, n. Gross abuse by words or actions. — 
Syn. Affront; outrage; indignity; insolence, 
which see. 

IN-SCLT', v. t. To treat with abuse or insolence, 
v. i. to behave with insolent triumph : to insult 
over, to triumph over with insolence and con- 
tempt. 

IN-Sf LT'ER, n. One who insults another. 

IN-SuLT'ING, a. Expressing insolence or con- 
tempt. 

IN-SOLT'ING-LY, ad. With insolent contempt. 

IN-SO-PER-A-BiL'I-TY. \ n. The quality or 

IN-SC'PER-A-BLE-NESS,f state of being insu- 
perable or insurmountable. 

IX-SD'PER-A-BLE, a. That can not be surmount- 
ed ; that can not be passed over. — Syn. Insur- 
mountable; unconquerable: invincible. [ed. 

IN-Su'PER-A-BLY. ad. So as not to be surmount- 

IX-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That can not be en- 
dured ; insufferable; intolerable. 

IX-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of be- 
ing beyond endurance ; insufferableness. 

IX-SUP-PoRT'A-BLY, ad. In a manner beyond 
endurance. 

IN-SUP-PRF:SS'I-BLE, a. Not to be suppressed. 

IX-SUP-PRk-S'iYE, a. Not tending to suppress. 

IN-SUR'A-BLB (-shur'a-bl), a. That may be in- 
sured ; proper to be insured. 

IN-SCR'ANCE (-shur'ance), n. The act of assur- 
ing or insuring against loss or damage ; a con- 
tract for a premium paid, to make up losses or 
damage ; to underwrite. An insurance company 
is one that pursues the business of insuring 
against loss, particularly by fire or peril of the 
sea. 

IN-SoRE' (in-shure'), v. t. To make sure against 
loss or damage ; to contract or covenant so to se- 
cure a person. 

IN-SuRE', v. i. To underwrite; to practice mak- 
ing insurance. 

IN-Sf:R'ER, n. One who insures ; an underwriter. 

IN-SuR'6ENT, a. Exciting to sedition or revolt: 
n. one who rises against lawful civil or political 
authority. 

IX-SUR-MO UNT-A-BiL'I-T Y, n. The quality of 
being insurmountable. 

IN-SUR-MOUNT'A-BLE, a. Not to be overcome ; 
not to be surmounted or passed bv ascending. 

IN-SUR-MO UXT'A-BLY, ad. So as not to be sur- 
mountable or overcome. 

IN-SUR-RkC'TIOX, n. A rising against civil or 
political authority ; open opposition of numbers 
to lawful authority. — Syn. Sedition; revolt; re- 
bellion. — Sedition is the raising of commotion in 
a state without aiming at open violence against 
the laws (Bouvier) ; insurrection is a rising up of 
individuals to prevent the execution of law, by 
force of arms; revolt is a casting off the authori- 
ty of a government with a view to put it down 
by force ; rebellion is an extended insurrection 
and revolt. [rection. 

IN-SUR-Rf;€'TION-AL, a. Consisting in insur- 

IN-SUR-REC'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to in- 
surrection. 

IN-SUS-CEP-TI-BiL'I-TY, n. Want of capacity 
to feel, or of being affected or impressed ; not 
susceptible of improvement. 

IN-SUS-C£P'TI-BLE, a. Not capable of feeling 
or of being affected. 

IN-TACT', a. Untouched. 

IN-TaCT'A-BLE, a. Not perceptible to the touch. 

IN-TAGL'Ia-TED (in-tal'ya-ted), a. Engraved or 
stamped on. 

IN-TaGL'IO (in-ttil'yo), n. Literally, a cutting or 
engraving; hence, any thing engraved, or a pre- 
cious stone with a head or inscription cut into it. 
An intaglio is the opposite of a cameo. 



dove, wolf, book; elle, kull ; vi"cious. — € as k; g as j; s as z; ch as sh ; this. + Xot English. 



INT 



230 



INT 



IN-TAN-61-BiL'I-TY, \ n. Quality of being in- 

IN-TAN'6I-BLE-NESS,f tangible, or not to be 
touched. [touch. 

IN-TAN 'gI-BLE, a. That is not perceptible to the 

IN-TaST'A-BLE, a. That can not be tasted. 

iN'TE-6ER (In'te-jer), n. The whole of a thing ; 
particularly in arithmetic, a whole number in 
distinction from a fraction. 

iN'TE-GRAL, a. Whole ; entire ; not fractional ; 
making a part of the whole ; uninjured. 

iN'TE-GRAL, n. An entire thing. 

IN'TE-GRANT, a. Necessary to constitute a thing; 
making part of a whole. 

IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. To make entire; to restore. 

IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. Act of making entire. 

IN-TEG'RI-TY, n. Literally, wholeness ; hence, 
the unimpaired state of any thing ; unbroken 
state; unadulterated condition: purity; moral 
soundness. — Syn. Entireness; completeness; hon- 
esty; probity; uprightness; rectitude. 

IN-TEG-u-Ma'TION, n. That part^f physiology 
which treats of the coverings of the different 
parts of animals or plants. 

IN-TeG'u-MENT. n. That which naturally in- 
vests or covers another thing, but appropriately, 
in anatomy, that which invests the body, as the 
skin, or a membrane that invests a particular 
part ; a shell; cover. 

5N'TEL-LE€T, n. The faculty of the human soul 
which receives or comprehends the ideas commu- 
nicated to it; the faculty of thinking ; the under- 
derstanding. . [ideas. 

IN-TEL-LEC'TION, n. Simple apprehension of 

IN-TEL-LeCT'iVE, a. Able to understand. 

IN-TEL-Le€T'u-AL (in-tel-lekt'yu-al), a. Relat- 
ing to the intellect, as intellectual powers or op- 
erations; perceived by the intellect, as an intel- 
lectual scene; having the power of understand- 
ing, as an intellectual being; relating to the un- 
derstanding, as intellectual philosophy. 

IN-TEL-Le€T'u-AL-IST, n. One who overrates 
the understanding. 

IN-TEL-Le€T'u-AL-LY, ad. By means of the 
understanding. 

IN-TeL'LI-gENCE, n. Intellectual capacity, 
skill, or knowledge ; information communicated, 
as news; terms of intercourse. — Syn. Understand- 
ing; information; instruction; advice: news. 

IN-TeL'LI-gENCE oF'FICE, n. A place where 
information may be obtained, especially respect- 
ing servants and employers. 

IN-TeL'LI-gEN-CER, n. One who sends or con- 
veys intelligence ; a public paper ; a newspaper. 

IN-TEL'LI-GENT, a. Endowed with the faculty 
of understanding or reason ; knowing ; well-in- 
formed ; skilled. 

IN-TEL-LI-GEN'TIAL (-tel-le-jen'shal),a. Intel- 
lectual ; consisting of mind. 

IN-TeL'LI-gENT-LY, ad. With intelligence. 

IN-TEL-LI-Gl-BIL'I-TY, \n. The quality or 

IN-TEL'LI-Gl-BLE-NESS, / state of being intel- 
ligible. 

IN-TeL'LI-61-BLE, a. That may be understood 
or comprehended.— Syn. Comprehensible ; per- 
spicuous; plain; clear. 

IN-TeL'LI-gI-BLY, ad. So as to be understood ; 
clearly. 

IN-TeM'PER-ANCE, n. Primarily, want of mod- 
eration or due restraint; excess in any kind of 
action or indulgence; hence, habitual indulg- 
ence in eating or drinking; jmrticularly, the ha- 
bitual and excessive use of intoxicating liquors. 

IN-TEM'PER-ATE, a. Excessive ; addicted to ex- 
cess or to the undue use of spirituous, liquors ; 
passionate; ungovernable; exceeding the mean 
degree, as climate, weather, &c. 

IN-TeM'PER-ATE-LY, ad. To an immoderate 
degree ; with excess. 

IN-TeN'A-BLE, a. That can not be maintained 
or held. 



IN-TEND', v. t. Literally, to stretch forward; 
hence, to mean ; to purpose ; that is, to stretch 
or set forward in mind. 

IN-TEND 'AN-CY, n. The office of intendant or 
the district committed to his charge. 

IN-TEND'ANT, n. Overseer; mayor of a city. 

IN-TEND'MENT, n. The true intention or design, 
as of a legal instrument. 

IN-TEN-ER-a'TION, n. The act of making, or 
state of being made, soft or tender. 

IN-TeNSE', a. Strained close; raised to a high 
degree ; very severe ; kept on the stretch. — Syn. 
Stretched; strained; violent; vehement; ardent. 

IN-TeNSE'LY, ad. To a high degree ; attentively. 

IN-TeNSE'NESS,) n. The state of being strained; 

IN-TeN'SI-TY, / state of being raised or con- 
centrated to a high degree: extreme closeness; 
extreme degree. — Syn. Tightness ; closeness ; 
strictness; violence; vehemence; excess. 

IN-TeN'SI-FY, v. t. To make intense, or more so. 

IN-TeN-SION (-ten'shun), n. A stretching; in- 
creased power. 

IN-TEN'SlVE,a. Admittingof extension: strained; 
intent ; giving force ; fixed closely ; sedulously 
applied; eager in pursuit ; anxiously diligent. 

IN-T£N'SlVE-LY, ad. So as to increase force. 

IN-TENT', a. Using close application ; diligent; 
n. design; purpose; aim; meaning. 

IN-TeN'TION, n. Determination to act in a par- 
ticular manner; the object to be accomplished; 
the state of being strained; healing of a wound 
without suppuration. — Syn. Design; purpose; 
view; intent; aim; meaning; drift; end. 

IN-TeN'TION-AL, a. Designed ; done with pur- 
pose, [posely. 

IN-TeN'TION-AL-LY, ad. With design; pur- 

IN-TENT'lVE, a. Diligently applied; close. 

IN-TeNT'LY, ad. With close application, eager- 
ness, or earnestness. — Syn. Fixedly; steadfastly; 
earnestly; attentively; diligently; eagerly. 

IN-TeNT'NESS. n. The state of being intent; 
close application or constant employment of 
mind. 

iN'TER, a prefix, signifies among or oetween. It is 
often used in composition. 

IN-TeR', v. t. To bury; to deposit in and cover 
with earth ; to cover with earth. See Bury. 

IN-TER-AC'TION, n. Intermediate action. 

IN-TER-AM'NI-AN, a. Being between rivers. 

IN-TER-AX'AL, a. Situated in the inter-axis. 

IN-TER-AX'IL-LA-RY, a. Situated between the 
axils of leaves. 

IN-TeR'€A-LAR, \ a. Inserted ; added ; the 

IN-TeR'CA-LA-RYJ 2Pth day of February, in 
leap year, is called the intercalary day. 

IN-TER'€A-LATE or iN'TER-CA-LATE, v. t. To 
insert a day or other portion of time. 

IN-TER-CA-La'TION, n. The insertion of a day 
or days in a calendar. 

IN-TER-CeDE', v. i. To interpose; to make in- 
tercession ; to plead in favor of one. 

IN-TER-CeD'ENT, a. Meditating; interposing. 

IN-TER-CED'ER, n. One who intercedes. 

IN-TER^CePT', v. t. To take or seize on by the 
way, as to intercept a letter ; to obstruct or stop 
the progress of, as to intercept the rays of light, 
to intercept the course of proceedings; to cut off 
communication with or progress toward ; to in- 
clude between. 

IN-TER-OePT'ER, n. One who intercepts. 

IN-TER-C£P'TION (-sep'shun), n. Act of seizing 
on its passage ; interruption ; hinderance. 

IN-TER-CeS'SION (-sesh'un), n. The act of in- 
terceding ; interposition between parties at vari- 
ance to reconcile them ; mediation ; entreaty. 

IN-TER-CeS'SOR, n. One who intercedes ; a me- 
diator, [tercession. 

IN-TER-CeS_[SO-RY, a. Containing or making in- 

IN-TER-CHaNgE', v. t. To change by giving 
and receiving; to succeed alternately. 



e, &c, long. 



% &C, Short. CAKE, FAK, LAST, FALL, WHAT ? THERE, TERM ; MARINE, BIRD ; MOVE, 



INT 



231 



INT 



IX'TER-CHaXgE, n. Mutual change; each giv- 
ing and receiving; alternate succession. 

IX-TF.R-CHaXgE-A-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The state 

IX-TEE-CHaXgE'A-BLE-XESS,J of being in- 
terchangeable. 

IX-TER-CHaXgE'A-BLE, a. That may be given 
and taken mutually; following each other in al- 
ternate succession, as the seasons. 

IX-TER-CHaXgE'A-BLY, ad. With mutual ex- 
chan?e; alternately. 

IX-TER-CiP'I-EXT, a. Intercepting; obstructing. 

IX-TER-€LuDE', V. t. To stop or interrupt; to 
intercept. [interception. 

IX-TER-€Lu'$ION (-klti'zhun), n. A stopping; 

IX-TER-€0-LUM-XI-a'TIOX, n. In architect- 
ure, the clear space between columns, measured 
at the lower part of their shafts. 

IX-TER-€0M'MOX, Pi i. To use a common with 
others ; to graze cattle on the same pasture ; to 
feed at the same table. 

IX-TER-€OM-Mu'XI-€aTE, v. t. To communi- 
cate mutually; v. i. to hold mutual communion. 

IX-TER-COM-MU-XI-€a'TIOX, 11. Reciprocal 
communication. 

IX-THE-COM-MuX'IOX (-mun'yun), n. Mutual 
communion. 

IX-TEE-€OM-Mu'XI-TY. n. Mutual community. 

IX-TER-CoS'TAL, a. Being between the ribs. 

IX'TER-CoURSE, n. Literally, a running be- 
tween ; mutual communication ; connection by 
reciprocal dealings between persons or nations; 
mutual communications or dealings. — Syn. Com- 
munication ; commerce ; communion ; fellow- 
ship; familiarity; acquaintance. » 

IX-TER-CuR'REXCE, n. A passing between. 

IX-TER-€cR'REXT, a. Running between. 

IX-TER-DICT', v. t. To place under a prohibi- 
tion ; to exclude from communion. — Sy>\ To for- 
bid ; prohibit ; inhibit ; proscribe ; excommuni- 
cate. 

IX'TER-DICT, n. A prohibition; a papal prohi- 
bition restraining the clergy from performing 
divine service. 

IX-TEE-DI€'TIOX, n. Act of prohibiting ; pro- 
hibition; curse. 

IX-TER-Di€T'IVE, a: Having power to prohibit. 

IX-TER-Di€T'G-RY, a. Serving to prohibit. 

iX'TEE-EST, v. £ To excite emotion or passion 
for or against a person or thing ; to give or have 
a share in ; to engage, as to interest one in our fa- 
vor ; to concern ; to aifect. 

iX'TEE-EST, n. Concern felt ; share possessed ; in- 
fluence exerted ; premium paid for use of money. 

IX'TER-EST-ED, a. Having an interest or con- 
cern ; liable to be affected. 

IX'TER-EST-IXG, a. Engaging the attention or 
curiosity ; exciting emotion or passion. — Syn. 
Engaging; pleasing; affecting. 

IX-TER-Fa'CIAL (-f a'shal), a. Included between 
two faces, as of a crystal. 

IX-TER-FeRE', v. i. Primarily, to come in col- 
/lision or clash, as claims that interfere; hence, to 
interpose, to enter into or intermeddle with the 
affairs of others, as to interfere in a dispute ; to 
•strike the shoe or hoof against the opposite leg, 
as a horse interferes. — Sth. To interpose; med- 
dle; intermeddle. See Interpose. 

IX-TER-FeR'EXCE, n. Interposition; mediation; 
clashing ; striking one foot against another, as a 
horse. 

IX-TeR'FLU-EXT, a. Flowing between. 

IX-TER-FuL'gENT, a. Shining between. 

IX-TEE-FuSUD'. a. Poured or spread between. 

IX'TER-IM, n. [£.] The mean time; time inter- 
vening. 

IN-TE'RI-OR, a. Internal; being within; inland; 
remote from limits, shore, &c. [try. 

IX-Te'RI-OR n. The inward part ; inland coun- 

IX-TER-Ja'CEX-CY, n. A lying between ; a be- 
ing between. 



IX-TER-Ja'CEXT, a. Lying between ; interven- 
ing. 

IX-TER-Je€T', v. t. To throw between ; to insert. 

IX-TER-J EC'TIOX (-jek'shun), n. Act of throw- 
ing between ; a word of exclamation expressive 
of emotion, &c. 

IX-TER-JeC'TIOX-AL, a. Thrown in between 
words. 

IX-TER-KXIT', v. t. To knit together. 

IX-TER-L.vCE', v. t. To intermix; to insert; to 
put or insert one thing with another. 

IX-TER-LaRD', v. t. To insert or intermix; to 
diversify_by mixture. 

IX'TER-LeAF, n. A leaf inserted between leaves. 

IX-TER-LeAVE', v. t. To insert leaves between ; 
to insert a blank leaf or blank leaves in a book 
between other leaves. 

IX-TER-LIXE', v. t. To write between lines. 

IX-TER-LIX'E-AR, \ a. Written between lines 

IX-TER-LiX'E-A-RY,) previously written or 
printed. 

IX-TER-LIX-E-a'TIOX, n. The act of writing, 
or words, &c, written between lines. 

IX-TER-LIX'IXG, n. Correction or alteration by 
writing between the lines. 

IX-TER-LlXK', v. t. To connect bv links united. 

IX-TER-LO-€a'TIOX, n. A placing between. 

IX'-TER-LoCK', v. i. To embrace, communicate 
with, or flow into one another. 

IX-TER-LO-€u'TIOX, n. A conference; a dia- 
logue ; in law, an intermediate act or decree be- 
fore the final decision. 

IX-TER-LoC'u-TOR, n. One who speaks in dia- 
logue; an interlocutory judgment. 

IX-TER-L6CC-T0-EY, a. Intermediate ; not 
final ; consisting of dialogue. [right. 

IX-TER-LoPE', v.i. To intercept; to prevent 

IX-TER-LoP'ER, n. One who interferes wrong- 
fully in business or trade ; an intruder. 

IX-TER-Lu'CEXT, a. Shining between or among. 

IX'TER-LuDE, n. Theatrical entertainment be- 
tween the acts of a play, or the play and the aft- 
erpiece. 

IX-TEE-Lu'XAE, \ a. Belonging to the time 

IX-TER-Lu'XA-EY,) when the moon is invisi- 
ble. 

IX-TER-MaR'RIAgE (-mar'rij), n. Eeciprocal 
marriage between two families, tribes, &c 

IX-TER-MAE'RY, v. i. To marry reciprocally 
with another family, tribe, or nation. 

IX-TER-MED'DLE, v. i. To meddle in the af- 
fairs of others; to intrude. — Syn, Intermeddle; 
interpose, which see. 

IX-TER-MF:D'DLER, n. An officious person. 

IX-TER-MeD DLIXG, a. Officiously interposing. 

IX-TER-Me'DI-AL, \ a. Lying between ; inter- 

IX-TER-Me'DI-ATE,) veniug. 

IX-TER-Me'DI-ATE-LY, ad. By way of inter- 
vention. 

IX-TER-Me-DI-a'TIOX, n. The act or process 
of mediating between parties; intervention; 
common means. 

IX-TER-Me'DI-UM, n. An intervening agent. 

IX-TER'MEXT (13), 11. The act of depositing a 
dead body in the earth. — Sra. Burial ; burying ; 
sepulture; inhumation; funeral. 

IX-TERM'IX-A-BLE, a. Admitting of no end. 
—Syn. Boundless; endless; limitless; immeas- 
urable; infinite; unbounded; unlimited. 

IX-TeRM'IX-A-BLY, ad. Without limit. 

IX-TeRM'IX-ATE, a. Having no bounds or ends. 

IX-TER-MIX G 'GLE (-miug'gl), v. t. To mingle 
together ; v. i. to be mixed or incorporated. 

IX-TER-MiS'SIOX (-mlsh'un), n. Cessation for a 
time; temporary cessation of a fever; interval 
between paroxysms; intervenient time. — Syn. 
Interruption ; interval ; pause ; stop ; rest. 

IX-TER-MiS'SIVE, a. Coming at times; not con- 
tinual. 
| IX-TER-MiT' 0. t. To cause to cease or suspend 



dove, wolf, book; rule, bull; yi'cious. — € as k; 



s as z ; ch as su; this. * Sot English. 



INT 



232 



INT 



for a time ; v. i. to cease for a time ; to go off at 
intervals, as a fever. 

IN-TER-MIT'TENT, a. Ceasing at times ; caus- 
ing to cease ; n. a disease that intermits. 

IN-TER-MIX', v. t. To mix together; to put 
some things to others: v. i. to be mingled to- 
gether. 

IN-TER-MiXT'uRE (-mikst'yur), n. A mixture 
of ingredients ; something additional mingled in 
a mass. 

IN-TER-MoNT'ANE, a. Between mountains. 

IN-TER-MuN'DANE, a. Being between worlds. 

IN-TER-Mu'RAL, a. Lying between walls. 

IN-TeR'NAL (13), a. Being within any limit or 
surface; not foreign, as internal trade. — Syn. Do- 
mestic ; inward ; interior ; mental. 

IN-TkR'NAL-LY, ad. Inwardly ; intellectually. 

IN-TER-Na'TION-AL (-nash'un-), a. Existing 
between nations and regulating their intercourse. 

IN-TER-NE'ClVE. a. Tending to kill. 

•HN'TER NoS. [L.] Between ourselves. 

IN-TER-NuN'CIO (-niin'sheo), n. An envoy of the 
Rope to courts of inferior rank ; a messenger be- 
tween parties. [ties. 

IN-TER-NuN'CIUS, n. A messenger between par- 

IN-TER-PEL-La'TION, n. A summons; inter- 
ruption ; earnest address ; intercession. 

IN-TER-PeN'E-TRaTE, v. t. To penetrate be- 
tween other substances. 

IN-TER-PLeAD', v. i. To discuss a previous 
point. 

IN-TER-PLEAD'ER, n. A bill of interpleader is 
one brought in chancery by a person who owes 
one of two parties, and desires a decision which 
of them he is to pay. 

IN-TER-PLeDgE' (in-ter-plcj'), v. t. To pledge 
mutually. 

IN-TeR'PO-LaTE or iN'TER-PO-LaTE, v. t. To 
insert or foist in, as wo ids. 

IN-TER-PO-La'TION, n. The act of inserting 
spurious words in a writing; that which is foist- 
ed in ; the finding of intermediate terms in a 
series. 

SN'TER-PO-La-TOR or IN-TeR'PO-La-TOR, n. 
One who foists into a book or manuscripts spu- 
rious words or passages. 

IN-TER-PoS'AL, n. Act of interposing ; interpos- 
ing ; a coming between. 

IN-TER-PoSE', v. t. To place between; to offer, 
as aid or services ; to thrust in. 

IN-TER-Po$E', v. i. To step in between parties at 
variance. — Syn. To intermeddle ; interfere. — A 
man may often interpose with propriety in the 
concerns of others ; he can never intermeddle with- 
out being impertinent or officious ; nor can he in- 
terfere without being liable to the same charge, 
unless he has rights which are interfered with. 

IN-TER-Po$'ER, n. One who steps in between ; a 
mediator. 

IN-TER-PO-$i"TION (-zish'un), n. A coming or 
placing between ; mediation ; agency between 
parties ; any thing interposed. 

IN-TER'PRET (13), v. t To explain the meaning 
of words, &c, to one who does not understand 
them; to unfold the meaning of predictions, 
dreams, riddles, &c. ; to decipher, as hieroglyph- 
ics ; expound ; define. 

IN-TeR'PRET-A-BLE, a. Capable of interpret- 
ation. 

IN-TER-PRET-A'TION, n. The act of interpret- 
ing; the act of explaining what is not obvious; 
sense or meaning ; power of explaining. — Syn. 

/ Explanation ; exposition ; elucidation ; transla- 
tion. 

IN-TER'PRET-A-TiVE, a. Containing explana- 
tion ; known by interpretation. 

IN-TER'PRET-ER, n. One who expounds or ex- 
plains; a translator; an expositor. 

IN-TER-PuNC'TION, n. The making of points 
between sentences, &c. 



■*TN-TER-ReG'NUM, n. [L.] The time a throne 
is vacant between the death of a king and his 
successor. 

*IN'TER-REX, n. [£.] A regent ; a man who 
governs during an interregnum. 

IN-TeR'RO-GaTE, v. t. To examine by question. 

IN-TeR'RO-GaTE, v. i. To ask questions. 

IN-TER-RO-Ga'TION, n. Examination by ques- 
tions; a question; the note (?). 

IN-TER-RoG'A-TiVE, n. A word used in asking 
questions ; a. denoting a question ; expressed in 
the form of a question. 

IN-TER-RoG'A-TiVE-LY, ad. By way of ques- 
tion ; in the form of a question. 

IN-TeR'RO-Ga-TOR, n. One who asks questions. 

IN-TER-R6G'A-TO-RY, n. A question; inquiry; 
a. expressing a question. 

-UN TER-Ro'REM. [Z,.] For a terror or warning. 

IN-TER-RuPT', v. t. To stop by interfering ; to 
divide ; to break continuity or a continued series. 

IN-TER-ROPT'ED-LY, ad. With interruptions. 

IN-TER-ROP'TION (-rup'shun), n. The act of 
breaking in upon ; breach of any thing extend- 
ed ; interposition, as to time. — Syn. Stoppage ; 
hinderance ; obstruction ; intermission ; inter- 
vention. 

IN-TER-S€aP'u-LAR, a. Situated between the 
shoulder-blades. 

IN-TER-SCRIBE', v. t. To write between. 

IN-TER-SE'CANT, a. Dividing into two parts. 

IN-TER-SeCT', v. t. To divide; to cross mutual- 
ly ; v. i. to meet and cross each other. 

IN-TER-Se€'TION (-sek'shun), n. Act of cross- 
ing; fjoiut where two lines cut each other. 

IN-TER-SeRT', v. t. To set or put between other 
things. 

IN-TER-SeR'TION, n. An insertion or a thing 
inserted. 

iN'TER-SPaCE, n. A space between other things. 

IN-TER-SPeRSE' (13), v. t. To scatter or set 
among, or here and there. 

IN-TER-SPeR'SION, n. Act of scattering or set- 
ting among. 

IN-TER-STEL'LAR, \ a. Being among the 

IN-TER-STEL'LA-RY,| stars. 

IN-TeR'STiCE or IN'TER-STICE, n. A narrow 
space between things; time between one act and 
another. [terstices. 

IN-TER-STi"TIAL (-stish'al), a. Pertaining to in- 

IN-TER-STRaT'1-FI.ED, a. Stratified among or 
between other bodies. 

IN-TER-TeXT'uRE (tukst'yur), n. Act of inter- 
weaving; state of things interwoven. 

IN-TER-TRoP'IC-AL, a. Situated between the 
tropics. 

IN-TER-TWINE'l v. t. To unite by twining one 

IN-TER-T WiST',j with another. 

IN'TER-VAL, n. A space between things, as to 
time, place, &c. ; time between paroxysms of dis- 
ease ; distance or difference between two sounds 
in music ; a tract of low plain ground between 
hills or lying along the banks of rivers. 

IN-TER-VeNE' v. i. To come or be between per- 
sons and things ; to come between points of time 
or events ; to happen in the way ; to disturb, 
cross, orjnterrupt; to interpose for another. 

IN-TER-VeNTENT (-ven'yent), a. Coming or be- 
ing between ; interposed; intercedent. 

IN-TER-VeN'TION, n. Interposition ; a state of 
coming or being between; agency of persons be- 
tween persons ; interposition in favor of another. 

IN-TER-VeR'TE-BRAL, a. Being between the 
vertebrae. 

IN'TER-VIE W, n. A mutual view ; a meeting ; 
conference ; usually, a formal meeting. 

IN-TER-V6LVE', v. t. To involve one with an- 
other. 

IN-TER- WEAVE', v. t. To weave one in another. 

IN-TER-WORK'ING, n. The act of working to- 
gether. 



INT 



233 



INT 



IX-TER-WReATH#D', a. Woven into a wreath. 

IN-TES'TA-BLE, a. Not qualified to make a will. 

IN-T£S'TA-C Y, n. Astate of dying without a will. 

IN-T£S'TATE, a. Dying without a will ; not be- 
queathed by will 

IN-TeS'TATE, n. One who dies without leaving 
a will. 

IN-TeS'TI-XAL, a. Pertaining to the bowels. 

IN-TKS'TlNE, a. Internal ; inward ; domestic ; 
not foreign. Usually in a bad sense. 

IX-TeS'TiNES (-tes'tinz), n. pi. The bowels ; 
entrails. 

IN-THRALL', v. t. To enslave ; to reduce to 
bondage. 

IN-THR.YLL'MENT,n. Slavery; bondage; serv- 
itude. 

IN-THR5NE'. See EsTintONE. 

IN'TI-MA-CY, n. Close familiarity ; friendship. 

IN'TI-MaTE, v. t To hint; to suggest; to point 
out : to give slight notice of. 

iN'TI-MATE, a. Inmost; internal; near; famil- 
iar; close in friendship or acquaintance. 

iN'TI-MATE. n. Familiar friend. 

IX'TI-MATE-LY, ad. Closely; familiarly. 

IN-TI-Ma'TION, n. A hint; a suggestion; dec- 
laration or remark communicating imperfect 
information. 

IN-TIM'I-DaTE, V. t To make fearful; to in- 
spire with fear. — Syn. To dishearten; dispirit; 
abash; deter. 

IX-TIM-1-Da'TIOX, n. Act of intimidating; 
state of being abashed. 

IN'To, prep. Noting entrance or penetration be- 
yond the outside or surface; insertion, or the pass- 
ing of a thing from one form or state into another. 

IN-ToL'ER-A-BLE, a. That can not be borne or 
suffered. — Syn. Insupportable; insufferable; un- 
endurable ; abhorrent. 

IN-TOL'ER-A-BLE-XESS, n. The quality of not 
being tolerable or sufferable. 

IX-ToL'ER-A-BLY, ad. Beyond endurance. 

IN-TOL'ER-AXCE, <n. A not enduring or suffer- 
ing to exist without persecution ; want of tolera- 
tion ; want of capacity to endure. 

IN-ToL'ER-ANT, a. Impatient ; unable to bear ; 
refusing to tolerate others. 

IN-TOL-ER-a'TIOX, n. Want of toleration. 

IX-ToMB', v. t. To deposit in a tomb; to bury. 

IX'TO-NaTE, v. i. To thunder; to sound; to 
sound the notes of the musical scale. 

IN-TO-Na'TION, n. Manner of utterance or 
sound ; modulation of voice : in music, the sound 
ing the notes of the scale with the voice. 

IN-ToNE', v. t. or i. To read with a prolongation 
of sound like chanting, or a deep protracted 
sound. 

+IN To'TO.JZ,.] In the whole ; entirely. 

IN-TOX'I-€aTE, v. t. To make drunk ; to make 
delirious ; to elate the spirits ; to infatuate. 

IN-TOX-I-€a'TIOX, n. The act of making drunk ; 
the state of being drunk ; an extreme elation of 
spirits. — Syn. Inebriety; ebriety; drunkenness; 
infatuation. 

IN-TRACT-A-BiL'I-TY, ) n. A state or quality 

IN-TRA€T'A-BLE-NESS,i of being unmanage- 
able. — Syn. Indocility; perverseness ; obstinacy; 
stubbornness; ungovernableness ; unruliness. 

IN-TRA€T'A-BLE, a. Not to be governed or man- 
aged ; not to be taught. — Syn. Stubborn ; per- 
verse; obstinate; cross; unmanageable; unruly; 
headstrong ; violent ; ungovernable; unteachable. 

IX -TRACT' A-BLY, ad. With obstinacy and per- 
verseness. 

IN-TRAX'SI-TiVE, a. Not passing; expressing 
action that does not pass to an object; an in- 
transitive verb expresses an action or state limit- 
ed to the agent, as I sleep, I walk. 

IN-TRaX'SI-TIVE-LY, ad. Without an object fol- 
lowing, [place. 

+IN TRaN'SI-Tu. [L.] In passing from place to 



IN-TRANS-MiS'SI-BLE, a. Not to be transmitted. 

lX-TRANS-Ml'-TA-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of 
not being transmutable. 

IX-TRANS-MO'TA-BLE, a. That can not be 
changed into another substance. 

iX'TRAXT, a. Having the quality of entering ; 
penetrating. 

IN-TReXCH', v. t. To fortify with a trench; to 
furrow, to make hollow in; to encroach. 

IX-TReXCH'MENT, n. A ditch ; fortification; 
any defense or protection. 

IX-TRfiP'ID, a. Xot affected or influenced by 
fear. — Syn. Undaunted; daring; dauntless; cour- 
ageous; valiant; heroic; fearless; bold; brave; 
resolute. 

IX-TRE-PiD'I-TY, \ n. Undaunted boldness and 

IN-TR£P'ID-NESS, J bravery; fearlessness. 

IX-TReP'ID-LY, ad. Fearlessly ; resolutely ; 
without trembling or shrinking from danger. 

IX'TRI-CA-CY, \ n. The state of being 

iX'TRI-CATE-XESSJ much entangled or in- 
volved ; perplexed state ; complication. 

iX'TRI-CATE, a. Entangled or involved in a 
high degree. — Syn. Complex ; complicated. — A 
thing is complex when it is made up of parts ; it 
is complicated when those parts are so many or 
so arranged as to make it difficult to grasp them ; 
it is intricate (lit., having many folds) when it 
has numerous windings and confused involu- 
tions which it is hard to follow out. Complexi- 
ty puzzles; complication confounds; intricacy 
bewilders. What is complex must be resolved 
into its parts ; what is complicated must be drawn 
out and developed ; what is intricate must be un- 
raveled. 

iX'TRI-CATE-LY, ad. With entanglement or 
perplexity. 

IX-TRi'GUE' (in-treeg'), n. A plot or scheme of a 
complicated nature for effecting some purpose by 
secret artifices ; the plot of a play or a romance ; 
stratagem ; amour. 

IX-TR'iGUE', v. i. To carry on secret designs or 
an amour. 

IXTRiGU ER (in-treeg'er), n. One who intrigues ; 
one who forms secret plots. 

IX-TRi'GU'IXG, a. Given to secret machinations. 

IX-TIiiN'SIC, > a. Belonging to the essence 

IX-TRiX'SIC-AL, j of a thing; not apparent or 
accidental. — Syn. Internal, true; real, genuine; 
inherent; essential. [ly. 

IX-TRiX SIC-AL-LY, ad. Internally : really ; tru- 

iX'TRO, a Latin pieposition signifying within, so 
used in composition. 

IN-TRO-CeS'SION (sesh'un), n. A sinking or 
depression of parts inward. 

IX-TRO-DuCE', o. t. To lead or to bring in; to 
make known ; to bring into notice; to begin. 

IX-TRO-DuC'ER, n. One who introduces another. 

IN-TRO-DuC'TION, n. A bringing in ; prefatory 
discourse ; act of making persons known to each 
other; act of bringing something into notice or 
use : the part of a book or discourse, &c, which 
precedes the main work. 

IX-TRO-DuC'TO-RY, a. Serving to introduce. 

IX-TRo'IT, n. In the Roman Catholic Church, a 
chant when the priest enters within the rails of 
the altar. 

IX-TRO-MIS'SIOX (-mish'un), n. A sending in ; 
an intermeddling with the effects of another. 

IX-TRO-MiT', v. t. To send in : to allow to enter. 

IX-TRO-SPEC'TIOX, n. View of the inside. 

IN'-TRO-SPeCT'iYE, a. Inspecting within. 

IX-TRO-VER'SION (13) (-ver'shun), n. Act of 
turning inward. 

IX-TRO-VeRT', v. t. To turn inward. 

IX-TRCDE' (31), v. i. To thrust one's self in : to 
come or go uninvited; to force one's self without 
right; v. t. to thrust in without right or welcome ; 
to obtrude. — Syn. To encroach ; infringe ; in- 
trench ; trespass ; trench on. See Ojstkuoe. 



dove, wolf, book ; rcle, bull ; vf'cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; this. + Sot English. 



INT 



234 



INV 



IN-TRuD'ER, n. One who intrudes where he has 
no right or welcome. 

IN-TRu'SION (-tru'zhun), n. The act of thrusting 
in or entering a place or state uninvited ; entrance 
without right or invitation ; in geology, the pen- 
etrating of one rock into the cavities of others. 

IN-TRu'SiVE, a. Entering without right or wel- 
come ; apt to intrude ; in geology, an epithet of 
rocks which have been forced, while in a melted 
state, into the cavities or between the layers of 
other rocks. 

IN-TRuST', v. t. To deliver or commit to anoth- 
er's care in confidence of his fidelity. 

IN-TU-i"TION (-ish'un), n. Immediate percep- 
tion without the intervention of other ideas or 
of reasoning. 

IN-Tu'I-TlVE, a. Perceived immediately with- 
out need of argument or testimony; received or 
obtained by simple intuition ; seeing clearly. 

IN-Tu'I-TiVE-LY, ad. By immediate perception. 

IN-TU-MfiSCE' (-tu-mess'), v. i. To swell ; to ex- 
pand, as with heat. 

IN-TU-M£S'CENCE, n. Action of swelling; a 
swelling with bubbles. 

IN-TUR-geS'CENCE, n. The action of swelling 
or state of being swelled. 

IN-TWINE', v. t. To twist or wreath together. 

IN-TWiST', v. t. To twist or interweave. 

IN-u-eN DO. See Innuendo, the true spelling, 
tince the word is derived from innuo. 

IN'u-LiNE, n. A peculiar vegetable principle de- 
rived from elecampane. 

IN-UM BRATE, v. t. To shade; to obscure. 

IN-uN'DaTE, v. t. To spread over with fluid; to 
cover with water; to fill with an overflowing 
abundance or superfluity. — Syn. To overflow; 
deluge; flood; drown; overwhelm. 

IN-UN-Da'TION, n. An overflow of water ; a ris- 
ing or spreading of water over low grounds ; any 
kind of overspreading, overflowing, or abund- 
a,nce. [rudeness; incivility. 

IN-UR-BaN'I-TY, n. Want of courteousness; 

IN-uRE' (in-yure'), v. t. To apply or expose in 
use or practice till a habit is formed or incon- 
venience is no longer felt ; we inure ourselves to 
cold or heat, seamen become inured to hardships; 
accustom. 

IN-uRE', v. i. To pass in use; to have effect; to 
serve to the use or benefit of. 

IN-uRE'MENT, (-yure'ment), n. Hardening by 
use; habit. 

IN-uRN', v. t. To put in an urn ; to entomb. 

IN-uS'TION (-ust'yun), n. Action of burning; a 
marking by burning. 

IN-u-TiL'I-TY, n. State of being useless^ 

IN-VaDE', v. t. To enter in a hostile manner; to 
attack ; to encroach on ; to seize on, as a disease. 

IN-VaD'ER, n. One who assaults or encroaches 
on others. [void. 

IN-VaL'ID, a. Having no force. — Syn. Null ; 

IN'VA-LID, n. One infirm or disabled by wounds 
or sickness ; a soldier or seaman worn out in serv- 
ice. 

IN'VA-LID, v. t. To enroll on the list of invalids 
in naval or military service. 

IN-VAL'I-DaTE, v. t. To destroy the force of; to 
overthrow ; to make void. 

IN-VAL-I-Da'TION, n. The act of destroying. 

IN-VA-LlD'1-TY, \n. Weakness; want of legal 

IN-VAL'ID-NESS,i force. 

IN-VaL'u-A-BLE (-varyu-a-bl), a. Very valua- 
ble; inestimable. 

IN-vt RlI-BLE-NeIs,]" n - Unchangeableness. 

IN-Va RI-A-BLE, a. Constant in the same state; 
that does not vary; always uniform. — Syn. Im- 
mutable ; unchangeable ; unerring ; unaltera- 
ble^ unceasing. 

IN-Va'RI-A-BLY, ad. Without alteration or 
change; constantly, uniform y. 



IN-Va'SION (-va'zhun), h. Hostile entrance into 
the possessions of another, particularly of an 
army into a country for conquest or plunder; an 
attack on the rights of another : infringement or 
violation. — Syn. Incursion ; irruption ; inroad. 
— Invasion is generic, denoting a forcible en- 
trance into a foreign country. Incursion (from 
incurro) signifies a hasty and sudden invasion ; 
irruption (from irrumpo) denotes a particularly 
violent invasion ; inroad (from in and road) in- 
cludes the idea of invasion with a design to oc- 
cupy. 

IN-Va'SiVE, a. Attacking another or his rights. 

IN-VeC'TiVE, n. A railing speech or expression ; 
a harsh accusation. — Syn. Philippic ; abuse ; re- 
proach ; sarcasm. 

IN-Vfi€'TiVE-LY,'ad. Abusively; with railing. 

IN-VEIGH' (in-va'), v. i. To exclaim with re- 
proach ; to rail against. 

IN-VEIGH'ER (-va'er), n. One who inveighs or 
utters bitter language against another. 

IN-VeI'GLE (in-ve'gl), v. t. To seduce by flat- 
tery ; to entice. 

IN-VeI'GLE-MENT (-ve'gl-ment), n. Seduction 
to evil ; enticement. 

IN-VeI'GLER (-ve'gler), n. One who seduces ; a 
deceiver. 

IN-VeNT', v. t. To devise something not before 
known ; to find out what is new ; to contrive 
falsely; to frame by imagination. — Syn. To con- 
trive ; devise ; forge ; fabricate ; feign ; discover, 
which see. 

IN-VENT'FUL, a. Full of invention. 

IN-VENT'I-BLE, a. Capable of being found out. 

IN-VEN'TION, n. Act of finding out or contriving 
something new ; that which is invented ; fabri- 
cating what is untrue ; power of inventing. — Syn. 
Contrivance; device; fabrication; excogitation. 

IN-VeNT'iVE, a. Ready at invention ; ingenious; 
ready at expedients. 

IN VeNT'OR, n. One who finds out or contrives 
something new. 

iN'VEN-TO-RY, n. A list of articles or goods. 

IN'VEN-TO-RY, v. t. To make a list of articles ; 
to make an inventory of. 

IN-VENT'RESS, n. A female who invents. 

IN-VeRSE' (13), a. Inverted; reciprocal. 

IN-VeRSE'LY, ad. In a contrary order. 

IN-VeR'SION (-ver'shun), n. Change of order or 
place; change so that the last becomes first; in 
grammar, a change of the natural order of words. 

IN-VeRT', v. t. To turn upside down ; to change 
order or method ; to reverse. 

IN-VeR'TE-BRAL, ) a. Destitute of a verte- 

IN-VeR'TE-BRATE, V bral column; having 

IN-VeR'TE-BRa-TED,) no spinal bone. 

IN-VeR'TE-BRATE, n. An animal having no 
vertebral column or spinal bone. 

IN-VeRT'ED-LY, ad. In an inverted ordei\ 

IN-VEST', v. t. Literally, to put garments on; 
hence, to clothe with authority, as to invest with 
office; to adorn, as to invest with honor; to in- 
close or besiege, as to invest a town ; to make a 
purchase of property, as to invest money in bank- 
stock, &c, with a view to profit. 

IN-VeS'TItGA-BLE, a. That may be investiga- 
ted or discoverable by search. 

IN-VeS'TI-GaTE, v. t. To search or inquire into 
with care and accuracy. — Syn. Examine; scru- 
tinize ; search ; inquire into. 

IN-VES-TI-Ga'TION, n. The action or process 
of searching minutely for truth, facts, or princi- 
ples; a careful inquiry to find out what is un- 
known. — Syn. Examination; search; scrutiny; 
research. 

IN-VES-TIGa'TiVE, a. Curious in researches. 

IN-VES-TI-Ga'TOR, n. One who diligently 
searches into a subject. 

IN-VeS'TI-TuRE, n. The act of giving posses- 
sion. 



5, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, fak, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



INV 



235 



IRO 



The state of being in- 
visible ; imperceptible- 



IN-VEST'MENT, n. Clothes: investiture; the 
placing of money in some fixed state, as stocks, 
&c, with a view to profit or income; property 
thus invested. [age. 

IN-VfiT'ER-A-CY, n. Deep-rooted firmness from 

IX-VeT'ER-ATE, a. Old; deep-rooted; firmly 
fixed; violent, &c., as hatred. 

IX-YET'ER-ATE-LY, ad. With obstinacy; vio- 
lently. 

IX-Y£T'ER-ATE-XESS, n. Obstinacy confirmed 
by time; inveteracy. 

IN-ViD'I-OUS, a. Envious; likely to incur ill- 
will or hatred. 

IX-ViD'I-OUS-LY, ad. Enviously; malignantly; 
so as to incur hatred. [envy. 

IX-ViD'I-OUS-XE3S, n. Quality of producing 

IX-ViG'OR-aTE, v. t. To give vigor to; to 
strengthen ; to animate: to give life and energy 
to. [state of being invigorated. 

IX-YIG-OR-a'TIOX, n. Act of invigorating; 

IX-YIX-CI-BII/I-TY, \ n. The quality of being 

IX-VIX'CI-BLE-XESS,f unconquerable. 

IX-YiX'CI-BLE, a. That can not be conquered 
or overcome. — Syn. Unconquerable ; insupera- 
ble; insurmountable. 

IN-ViN'CI-BLY, ad. Unconquerablv ; insuperably. 

I X-Yf-O-LA-BiL'I-TY ) n. The state or quality 

IX-YI'O-LA-BLE-XESS, / of being inviolable. 

IX-Yi'O-LA-BLE, a. That can not or ought not to 
be broken, or profaned, or injured; not suscep- 
tible of a hurt or wound. 

IX-Yi'O-LA-BLY, ad. Without profanation ; Avith- 
out breach or violation. 

IX-YT'O-LATE, \ a. Not broken ; uninjured; 

IM-Yi'O-La-TED,) entire; unprofaned; unpol- 
luted. 

IX-VIS-I-BiL'I-TY, > n. 1 

IX-YlS'I-BLE-XESSJ vi: 
ness to the sight. 

IX-YiS'I-BLE, a. That can not be seen ; not per- 
ceptible to the sight. 

IX-Yi$'I-BLY, ad. So as not to be seen. 

IN-YI-Ta'TION, n. Act of inviting ; request to 
attend. 

IX-Yi'TA-TO-RY, a. Using or containing invita- 
tion ; n. .a service in the Roman Catholic Church ; 
a morning psalm or anthem. 

IX-YITE', v. t. To request the company of; to al- 
lure by pleasure or hope : to present induce- 
ments. — Syn. To solicit ; bid ; summon ; call : at- 
tract, [ing. 

IN-YITE', v. i. To ask or call for any thing pleas- 

IX-VIT'IXG-LY, ad. In a manner to invite or al- 
lure. 

iX'VO-CaTE, v. t. To invoke ; to implore. 

IN-VO-Ca'TIOX, n. The act of addressing in 
prayer; the form or act of calling for the assist- 
ance or presence of any being, particularly of 
some divinity; a judicial call or order. 

IX'YOICE, n. A list or bill of goods, with the val- 
ue or prices annexed. 

IN'VOICE, v. t. To make a list of goods or prop- 
erty, with the prices. 

IN-YoKE', v. t. To address in prayer : to call on 
for aid and protection ; to call earnestly. 

IX-VOL'UX-TA-RI-LY, ad. Against the will. 

IX-YSL'UX-TA-RY, a. Being against the will; 
unwilling; independent of the will. 

iX'VO-LP-TED \ °" Rolled s P irall 7 inward. 

IX-YO-Lu'TIOX, n. Action of involving ; state 
of being involved ; complication ; in mathemat- 
ics, the raising of a quantity to any power as- 
signed. 

IX-V6LVE', v. t. Literally, to inwrap or envelop, 
as to involve in darkness; to draw in by necessa- 
ry consequence, as to involve in the same ruin, to 
involve a contradiction; to entangle; to compli- 
cate. — Syn. Imply. — Imply (lit., infold) is op- 
posed to express or set forth ; thus an implied en- 



gagement is one fairly to be understood from the 
words used or the circumstances of the case, 
though not set forth in form. Involve goes be- 
yond the mere interpretation of things into their 
necessary relations; and hence, if one thing in- 
volves (lit., in wraps) another, it so contains it that 
the two must go together by an indissoluble con- 
nection. War, for example, involves wide-spread 
misery' and death ; the premises of a syllogism 
involve the conclusion, so that this kind of rea- 
soning is a simple process of evolution. 

IX-YoLV'ED-XESS, n. The state of being in- 
volved. 

IX-YoLYE'MEXT, n. Act of involving. 

IX-YUL-XER-A-B!L'I-TY,n. State or quality of 
being not susceptible of wounds. 

IX-VuL'XER-A-BLE, a. Not susceptible of 
wounds. 

IN- WALL', v. t. To inclose with a wall. 

iX'WARD, a. Being within: internal; interior; 
ad. toward the inside; within. 

lX'WARD-LY, ad. In the inner part; in heart; 
secretly; toward the centre. 

IX'WARDS (in'wardz), n.pl. Intestines; entrails; 
inner parts. 

IX-WEAYE', v. t. ipret. Inwove: pp. Inwove, 
Inwoven.] To intertwine or intermix by weav- 
ing. 

IX-WoRK'IXG (-wurk'ing), n. Internal opera- 
tion. 

IX-WRaP' (-rap*), v. t. To cover by wrapping, as 
with a cloak; to involve, as in difficulty, &c. 

IX-WReATHE", v. t. To surround with a wreath. 

IX-WROUGHT' (in-rauf), a. Worked in. 

i'O-DID, n. A non-acid compound of iodine with 
a metal or other substance. 

I'O-DiXE, n. A substance found in certain sea- 
weeds or marine plants, which gives forth a vio- 
let-colored vapor, whence comes its name. 

I-OX'IC, a. A term applied to an order in archi- 
tecture; to a dialect in the Greek language; to 
_a sect of philosophers. 

i-o'TA, n. The Greek name of the letter i; a 
small quantity; a tittle. 

IP-E-CAC-u-AX'HA, n. A bitter root, found in 
South America, used as an emetic. 

IR, a prefix used instead of in, which see. 

1-RAS-CI-BiL'I-TY, ) n. The quality of being ea- 

I-RAS'CI-BLE-NESS-, j sily provoked to anger. 

T-RaS'CI-BLE, a. Irritable ; easily provoked. 

IRE, n. Anger ; wrath ; keen resentment. 

IRE'FUL, a. Angry; wroth: furious with anger. 

IR-I-D£S'CEXCE, n. Colors like those of the 
rainbow. 

IR-I-DES'CENT, a. Having colors like the rain- 
bow. 

I-RID'I-UM, n. An unmalleable metal of a whit- 
ish color, found in platinum. 

I'RIS, n.; pi. i'ris-es. [L.] The rainbow, or an 
appearance like it ; the circle round the pupil of 
the eye ; the flower-de-lis, or flag-flower. 

I'RISH, a. Pertaining to Ireland or its people. 

i'RISH-ISM, n. A peculiarity of speaking among 
the Irish. 

iRK, v. t. To weary: to give uneasiness to. 

iRK'SOME (17), a. Producing weariness or dis- 
gust; tiresome. — Svn. Tedious. — A task is irk- 
some from the kind or severity of the labor it in- 
volves; it is rendered tedious by the length of 
time occupied in its performance. 

IRK'SOME-LY, ad. In a wearisome manner. 

iRK'SGME-XESS, n. The quality of tediousness ; 
wearisomeness. 

I'ROX (i'urn), n. The hardest and most useful 
metal; pi. fetters, manacles, &c. ; a. made of 
iron; hard; firm; rude; harsh; binding fast. 

I'ROX (i'urn), v. t. To smooth with a hot iron ; to 
shackle with irons; to furnish or arm with iron. 

I'ROX-BOUXD, a. Bound with iron ; ragged ; 
rocky, as a coast. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, EELL ; vi"cious. — € as k , g as J ; $ as z ; cu as sh ; this. ■*" Xot English. 



IRO 



236 



IRR 



I-R5N'I€-AL, a. Spoken in irony ; expressing cen- 
sure in the language of praise. 

l-Rf>N'I€-AL-LY, ad. By way of irony. 

I'EON-MuLD (i'urn-), n. A spot on cloth made 
by iron. 

l'RON-M6N G -GER (i'urn-mung-ger), n. A dealer 
in iron or hardware. 

I'RON-PY-RI'TeS, n. Common pyrites ; yellow 
sulphuret of iron. 

I'RON-WOOD, n. A name given to different 
kinds of hard wood. 

I'RQN-WORK, n. A general name for parts of a 
building, vessel, &c, formed of iron; any thing 
made of iron. 

I'RON-WORKS, n. pi. The place where pig-iron 
is wrought into bars, &c. 

I'RON-Y (I'ron-y), n. Literally, simulation ; a kind 
of ridicule, in which we seemingly adopt or ap- 
prove what we really reject or condemn ; sarcas- 
tic praise. 

IR-Ra'DI-ANCE, I n. Beams of light ; splen- 

IR-RA'DI-AN-CY,f dor. 

IR-Ra'DI-ATE, a. Adorned with brightness. 

IR-Ra'DI-aTE, v. t. To make splendid ; to en- 
lighten intellectually. — Syn. To brighten; il- 
lume : light up. 

IR-Ra-DI-a'TION, n. Emission of rays; intel- 
lectual light ; illumination. 

IR-RA"TION-AL (-rnsh'un-al), a. Void of reason ; 
not according to the dictates of reason. — Syn. 
Reasonless; unreasonable; foolish; absurd. 

IR-Ra-TION-aL'I-TY, n. Absurdity; want of 
reason. 

IR-Ra"TION-AL-LY, ad. Without reason; ab- 
surdlv. 

IR-RE-€LaIM'A-BLE, a. That can not be re- 
claimed, reformed, or tamed. 

IR-RE-€LaIM'A-BLY, ad. So as not to be re- 
claimed ; irrecoverably. 

IR-RE€-ON-CiL'A-BLE, a. That can not be rec- 
onciled, appeased, or made to agree. — Syn. In- 
consistent; incompatible; repugnant. 

IR-RE€-ON-C!L'A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of be- 
ing irreconcilable; incongruity. 

IR-RE€-ON-OIL'A-BLY, ad. In a manner that 
precludes reconciliation. 

IR-RE-€OV'ER-A-BLE (-kiiv'er-), a. That can 
not be recovered. — Syn. Irreparable ; irretrieva- 
ble; irremediable; incurable. 

IR-RE-€GV'ER-A-BLY, ad. Beyond recovery. 

IR-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. That can not be re- 
deemed. 

IR-REF-RA-GA-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of be- 
ing irrefragable. 

IR-REF'RA-GA-BLE, a. That can not be refuted 
or overthrown. — Syn. Unanswerable; indisputa- 
ble ; undeniable. 

IR-ReF'u-TA-BLE, a. That can not be refuted. 

IR-ReF'u-TA-BLY, ad. So as to defy refutation. 

IR-REG'u-LAR, a. Not according to rule, method, 
law, or established principles; not according to 
nature or art ; not straight or uniform. — Syn. 
Unsystematic; eccentric; unsettled; changeable; 
desultory rwild ; intemperate. 

IR-REG-u-LAR'I-TY, n. Deviation from rule or 
method; deviation from moral rectitude; inor- 
dinate desire ; vice. 

IR-ReG'u-LAR-LY, ad. "Without rule, method, 
or order. 

IR-R£L'A-TiVE, a. Having no relation ; uncon- 
nected. 

IR-ReL'E-VAN-CY, n. Inapplicability. 

IR-REL'E-VANT, a. Not aiding ; not applicable ; 
not serving to support. 

IR-ReL'E-VANT-LY, ad. Without being to the 
purpose ; not applicably. 

IR-RE-LIEV'A-BLE, a. Not admitting of relief. 

IR-RE-LiG'ION (-re-lid'jun), n. Neglect of relig- 
ion ; want of religion or contempt of it. — Syn. 
Ungodliness; worldliness; wickedness; impiety. 



IR-RE-LiiG'IOUS (-lid jus), a. Ungodly ; wicked ; 
profane. 

IR-RE-LiG'IOUS-LY, ad. Without religion. 

IR-RE-ME'DI-A-BLE, a. That can not be reme- 
died, cured, or corrected. — Syn. Incurable ; irre- 
trievable ; irreparable. 

IR-RE-Me'DI-A-BLY, ad. Beyond remedy. 

IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLE, a. Unpardonable; that can 
not be forgiven. 

IR-RE-MiS'SI-BLY, ad. So as not to admit of 
pardon. 

IR-RE-MoV'A-BLE, a. That can not be moved, 
changed, or removed, as from office. 

IR-REP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The state of being 
irreparable. 

IR-REP'A-RA-BLE, a. That can not be repaired, 
recovered, cr regained. — Syn. Irrecoverable; ir- 
retrievable; irremediable; incurable. 

IR-ReP'A-RA-BLY, ad. So as not to admit of re- 
covery _or repair. 

IR-RE-PeAL'A-BLE, a. That can not be repealed. 

IR-RE-PLeV'I-A-BLE, \ a. That can not be re- 

IR-RE-PLEV'I-SA-BLE, j" plevied. 

IR-REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. Not to be blamed. 

IR-REP-RE-HeN'SI-BLY, ad. So as not to incur 
blame. [ed. 

IR-RE-PRfiSS'I-BLE, a. That can not be repress- 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That can not be re- 
proached ; free from blame. — Syn. Unblamable; 
irreprovable ; innocent; spotless; pure; fault- 
less; upright. 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLY, ad. So as not to deserve 
reproach. 

IR-RE-PRoV'A-BLE (-proov'a-bl), a. That can 
not be reproved. 

IR-RE-PRoV'A-BLY, ad. So as not to be liable 
to reproof or blame. 

IR-REP-Ti"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Encroaching ; 
privately introduced. 

IR-RE-$IST'ANCE (-zist'ance), n. Forbearance of 

IR-RE-SIST-I-BiL'I-TY, T n. The quality of be- 

IR-RE-$IST'I-BLE-NESS,f ing irresistible. 

IR-RE-SiST'I-BLE, a. That can not be resisted 
™ith success; superior to opposition. 

IR-RE-SIST'I-BLY, ad. So as not to be resistible. 

IR-Re$'0-LU-BLE, a. Incapable of being dis- 
solved. 

IR-Re$'0-LU-BLE-NESS, n. Resistance of sepa- 
ration of its parts by heat. 

IR-RfiS'O-LuTE, a. Not firm in purpose; not de- 
cided; given to doubt. — Syn. Wavering; vacil- 
lating; undetermined; unsettled; unstable; un- 
steady. 

IR-RES'O-LuTE-LY, ad. Without resolution. 

IR-RES'O-LuTE-NESS, \ n. Want of firm determ- 

IR-RE$-0-Lu'TION, / ination or purpose. 

IR-RE-S6LVA-BLE, a. That can not be resolved. 

IR-RE-SPe€T'i VE, a. Not having regard to, with 
of; not regarding circumstances. 

IR-RE-SPe€T'iVE-LY, ad. Without regard to 
circumstances. 

IR-RES'PI-RA-BLE, a. Not fit for respiration. 

IR-RE-SPON-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. Want of responsi- 
bility. 

IR-RE-SPoN'SI-BLE, a. Not answerable; not li- 
able to answer for consequences. 

IR-RE-TRIEV'A-BLE (-treev'a-bl), a. Not to be 
recovered or repaired. — Syn. Irremediable ; in- 
curable: irrecoverable; irreparable. [arably. 

IR-RE-TRIEV'A-BLY, ad. Irrecoverably; irrep- 

IR-REV'ER-ENCE, n. Want of reverence ; Want 
of veneration ; want of a due regard to the char- 
acter and authority of the Supreme Being. 

IR-REV'ER-ENT, a. Wanting in reverence; pro- 
ceeding from irreverence. 

IR-REV'ER-ENT-LY, ad. With want of reverence. 

IR-RE-VeR'SI-BLE (13), a. That can not be re- 
versed or recalled. — Syn. Irrevocable ; irrepeala- 
ble; unchangeable. 



a, b, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, fab, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



IRR 



237 



JAC 



IR-RE-YeR'SI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of be- 
ing not reversible. 

IR-RE-YeR'SI-BLY, ad. So as to preclude re- 
versal. 

IR-REY-O-CA-BILl-TY, \_ n. Quality or state of 

1R-ReY'0-€A-BLE-NES3,j not being revocable. 

IR-ReY'O-CA-BLE, a. That can not be recalled. 

IR-REY'0-€A-BLY, ad. So as not to admit of re- 
peal ; bevond recall. 

IR'RI-GaTE, v. t. To water or wet ; to moisten or 
bedew._ [ing. 

IR-RI-Ga'TION, n. Act of watering or moisten- 

IR-RlG'u-OUS. a. Watery; wet; dewy. 

IR-RI$'IOX (-rizb'un), n. A laughing at another. 

IR-RI-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being irrita- 
ted ; susceptibility of excitement ; healthful or 
morbid. 

IR'RI-TA-BLE, a. Easily provoked ; susceptible 
of anger or irritation. 

IR'RI-TANT, n. That which excites or irritates. 

IR'RI-TaTE, v. t. To excite heat and redness in the 
skin; to excite anger; to cause fibrous contrac- 
tions ; to rouse up ; to quicken into excited feel- 
ing ; to fret ; to inflame. — Syn. To provoke ; ex- 
asperate. — "Whatever comes across our feelings 
irritates; whatever excites anger jirovokes; what- 
ever raises anger to a high point cxa*])erates. 

IR-RI-Ta'TION, n. Act of exciting; excitement; 
anger; provocation; exasperation. 

IR'PJ-TA-TIVE, \ a. Serving to excite action ; 

IR'RI-TA-TO-RY,j serving to irritate. 

IR-RuP"iTOX. n. A bursting in ; sudden invasion. 

IS (iz), v. i. Third person singular of the verb 
substantive. 

I'SA-GOX, n. A figure with equal sides. 

ISH, a termination of English words. In adjec- 
tives, it denotes diminution, as ivhitish; in nouns, 
it forms a possessive adjective, as in Swedish; in 
common nouns, it denotes a participation of the 
qualities expressed by the noun, as foolish, from 
fool. 

i'.*IX g -GLaS3 (T'zing-glass), n. A substance pre- 
pared from the sounds or air-bladders of fish ; 
popular name of mica. 

IS'LAM, n. The religion of Mohammed; the 
whole body of its professors. 

iS'JLAM-ISM, n. Mohammedanism. 

I.*-LAM-IT'I€, a. Pertaining to Islam. 

iSL'AXD (i'land), n. Land wholly surrounded by 
water ; an isle ; a mass of ice in water is an ice- 
island, [island. 

ISL'AXD-ER (T'land-er), n. An inhabitant of an 

ISLE (He), n. A tract of land surrounded by water. 

ISL'ET (i'let), n. A little island. 

I-S6€H'RO-XAL, \ a. Of equal time ; uniform 

I-SoCH'RO-NOUS.j in time. 

IS'O-LaTE, v. t. To place detached ; to insulate. 

IS-0-La'TION, n. State of being isolated or 
alone. 

I-SO-MeR'I€, a. Noting compounds made up of 
the same elements in the same proportions, and 
yet having very different properties. 

I-SO-MoRPH'ISM, n. The quality of assuming 
the same crystalline form, though of different el- 
ements with the same number of equivalents. 

I-SO-MoRPH'OUS, a. Composed of different ele- 
ments having the same crystalline form. 

I-SO-PE-RIM'E-TRY, n. The science of figures 
having equal boundaries. 

I-S6S'CE-Le§ (I-suVe-lez), a. A term applied to a 
triangle having two legs only that are equal. 

1-SO-THeRM'AL (13), a. Having equal tempera- 
ture. 

I-SO-T6X"I€, a. Having equal tones. 

iS'RA-EL-iTE, n. A descendant of Israel ; a Jew. 

I$-RA-EL-IT'I€, I „ -d ,. • • . T 

I$-RA-EL-IT'ISH.j a - Pertainin S to Israel. 

IS'Su-A-BLE (ish'shu-a-bl), a. That may be is- 
sued; in law, applied to a term in which issues 
are made up. 



IS'SuE (lsh'shu), n. Literally, a flowing forth, as 
of water ; a sending or delivering out, as of bank- 
notes; a small ulcer kept open ; that which flows 
or comes out; consequence; offspring; final re- 
sult. — Syn. Flow; efflux; emission. 

IS'SuE (ish'shu), v. i. To come or send out; to 
proceed ; to come to an end ; to result, close, &c. ; 
v. t. to put iu circulation, as bank-notes. 

IS'SU-ING, n. A flowing or passing out; a send- 
ing out, as bills or notes. 

ISTH'MUS (ist'mus), n. A neck or narrow slip of 
land connecting larger portions of land. 

IT, a pronoun of the neuter gender. Sometimes 
it is called a personal pronoun, and sometimes 
a demonstrative. That thing. 

I-TaL'IAX (it-tal'yan), a. Pertaining to Italy ; 
n. a native of Italy; the language used in Italy 
or by the Italians. 

I-TAL'IAX-iZE, v. t. To make Italian. 

I-TAL'I€,_a. Relating to Italy or to its letters. 

I-TaL'1-CiZE, v. t. To write or print in Italics. 

I-TAL'ICS, n. pi. Letters inclining as these, first 
used in Italy, and now used to distinguish words 
for emphasis, importance, antithesis, &c. 

ITCH, n. A cutaneous disease ; sensation pro- 
duced by it, &c. ; teasing desire. 

ITCH, v. i. To have an uneasy sensation on the 
skin which is relieved by rubbing ; to long ; to 
have a constant desire. 

ITCHING, n. State of the skin when one desires 
to scratch ; a teasing desire ; a. teasing ; irri- 
tating. 

I'TEM, n. An article ; a separate particular ; a 
hint; ad. a word used when something is to be 
added. 

I'TEM, v. t. To make a note or memorandum o£ 

IT'ER-aTE, 9. t. To repeat ; to utter a second 
time. 

IT-ER-a'TION, n. Act of repeating. 

IT'ER-A-TlYE, a. Repeating. 

I-TiN'ER-ANT, n. One who travels from place to 
place, particularly a preacher ; one unsettled ; 
a. wandering ; not settled. 

I-TIN'ER-A-RY, n. A book of travels and distan- 
ces ; a. traveling ; passing from place to place. 

I-TIN'ER-aTE, v.i. To travel; to journey; to 
wander without a settled habitation. 

IT-SeLF', pron. of it and self. The neuter recip- 
rocal pronoun, applied to things. 

iT'TPJ-A, In. A non-acid compound of ittrium 
j YT'TRI-A.f and oxygen. 

IT'TPJ-UM, ru A grayish black metal. See Yt- 
tp.itm. 

T'YI2?D (I'vid), a. Covered or overgrown with ivy. 

I'YO-RY, n. The tusk of an elephant ; a hard, 
solid substance of a fine white color. 

I'YO-RY, a. Consisting of ivory; made of ivory; 
white, hard, and smooth like ivory. 

I'YO-RY-BLaCK, n. A kind of charcoal in pow- 
der from charred bones. 

IWO-RY-NuT. n. The nut of a species of palm, 
hard and close-grained, resembling ivory in. 
texture. 

I'YY, n. A parasitic or climbing plant. 

TYY-MaN-TLED, a. Covered with ivy. 



J. 



T has the compound sound of dzh. In many 

•» words it has taken the place of I. It for- 
merly had the sound of Y in many words, as 
in the German. 

JAB'BER, v. i. To talk rapidly and indistinctly. 

JaB'BER, n. Rapid talk ; a chattering. 

JaB'BER-ER, n. One who talks fast and indis- 
tinctly or unintelligibly. 

JAB'BER-ING, n. Confused talk or prating. 

Ja'CINTH, n. A species of pellucid gems. 



dove, woiJF, book ; eule, bull ; vi'cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en as su ; this. + Sot English. 



JAC 



238 



JEJ 



JACK,n. A nickname of John ; an instrument to 
pull off boots ; an engine for various purposes ; 
a flag ; the male of certain animals ; a term ap- 
plied to sailors. 

JACK'A-DAN-DY, n. A little foppish, imperti- 
nent fellow. [a fox. 

JACK'AL, n. An animal resembling a dog and 

JACK'A-LENT, n. Originally, a sort of puppet 
thrown at in Lent ; hence, in ridicule, a boy. 

JaCK'A-NaPES, n. A monkey ; an ape ; a cox- 

JACK'ASS, n. The male of the ass. [comb. 

JACK'BOOTS, n. pi. Very large boots, reaching 
up high to protect the legs. 

JACK'DAW, n. A bird of the crow kind, noted 
for its thieving and garrulity. 

JACK'ET, n. A short coat for males. 

JACK'-FLAG, n. A flag hoisted at the spritsail 
top-mast-head. 

JaCK'-KeTOH, n. The public executioner. 

JACK'-KNiFE, n. A pocket clasp-knife larger 
than a pen-knife. 

JaCK'-PLaNE, n. A plane used for rough work. 

JACK'-PUD-DING, n. A merry-andrew ; a buf- 
foon. 

JACK' WITH A LAN 'TERN, n. An ignis fatuus ; 
a meteor on lowlands. 

JAC'O-BIN, n. A member of a political club ; a 
disorganizer ; a demagogue ; a pigeon with a 
high tuft. 

JAC'O-BIN, 



JAC'O-BIN, ) „ 

JAC-O-BiN'IC, y a - 
JA€-0-BIN'IC-AL,J 



Pertaining to secret clubs 
against government. 

JAC'O-BIN-ISM, n. Unreasonable opposition to 
government ; popular turbulence. 

JAC'O-BlTE, n. A partisan of James II. of 
England. Lobites. 

JAC'O-BIT-ISM, n. The principles of the Jac- 

Ja'COB'S-LAD-DER, n. A plant; in a ship, a 
rope with wooden steps for going aloft. 

JA€'G-NET, n. A light, soft muslin. 

JA€'QUARD-LOOM, n. A loom invented by M. 
Jacquard for weaving figured goods, carpets, &c. 

JAC'u-LaTE, v. t. To dart ; to throw. 

JA€-u-La'TION, n. The act of darting. 

JAC'u-LA-TO-RY, a. Darting; uttering sudden- 
ly ; uttered in short sentences. 

JADE, n. A poor, tired horse ; a mean woman ; a 
mineral; a young woman, in irony. 

JaDE, v. t. or i. To wear down by exertion. — Syn. 
To fatigue ; tire ; weary. — Fatigue is generic ; 
tire denotes fatigue which wastes the strength ; 
weary implies that a person is worn out by exer- 
tion ; jade refers to the weariness created by a long 
and steady repetition of the same act or effort. 
A little exertion will tire a child or a weak person ; 
a severe or protracted task wearies equally the 
body and the mind; the most powerful horse 
becomes jaded on a long journey by a continual 
straining' of the same muscles. 

JAD'ISH, a. Unruly; vicious; wanton. 

JAG, n. A small load ; a notch. 

JAGG, n. A notch ; denticulation. 

JAGG, v. t. To notch ; to indent. 

JAG'GED-NESS, n. State of being notched or 
rough ; unevenness. 

JAG'GER, \n. An instrument for 

JAG'GING-I-RON (I-urn),f making cakes. 

JAG'GY, a. Notched ; indented ; rough. 

JAG-U-XR', n. A large ferocious animal, often 
called the American tiger. 

JXH, n. IHeb.'] Jehovah. 

JaIL, n. A place of confinement for debtors and 
_criminals. 

JaIL'-BIRD, n. A prisoner ; one who has been 
_con fined in jail. 

JaIL'ER, n. One who keeps a jail or prison. 

JaIL'-Fe-VER, n. A dangerous fever generated 
in jails, &c. 

JaKES, n. A privy. 

J AL'AP, n. The root of a plant used as a cathartic. 



JAL'OU-SIE, n. A screen or blind for windows in 
warm climates. [fruits crushed. 

JAM, n. A pressure or squeeze ; a conserve of 

JAM, v. t. To confine; to wedge in. 

JAMB (jam), n. The side-piece of a chimney or 
door ; a pillar to support parts of a building. 

JAN G 'GLE (jang'gl), v. t. To wrangle; to dispute 
noisily; v. i. to cause to sound discordantly. 

JAN G 'GLE, n. Prate; babble; discordant sound; 
contention. 

JAN'I-TOR, n. A door-keeper or porter. 

J AN'I-Z A-RY, n. A Turkish soldier of the guards. 

JAN'SEN-ISM, n. The doctrine of Jansen in re- 
gard to free will and grace. 

JAN'SEN-IST, n. One who held to the doctrines 
taught by Jansen. 

JXNT'I-LY, ad. In an airy, lively, brisk manner. 

JXNT'I-NESS, n. The quality of airiness, brisk- 
ness; gayety. 

JXNT'Y, a. Airy ; showy ; finical ; gay. 

JAN'u-A-RY, n. The" first month of the year. 

JA-PAN', n. A varnish or varnished work. 

JA-PAN', v. t. To varnish in a particular manner ; 
to black or gloss, as shoes, &c. 

JAP-A-NeSE', a. Pertaining to Japan, its inhab- 
itants or language. 

JA-PAN'NING, n. The art of covering paper, 
wood, or metal with a thick coat of hard, brilliant 
varnish ; the varnish itself. 

JAR, v. t. To shake ; to cause to tremble ; v. i. to 
clash ; to strike harshly ; to interfere. 

JAR, n. A shaking ; clash ; a vessel ; clash or dis- 
cord of opinions. [eral. 

JAR'GON, n. Confused talk; gibberish; a min- 

JXR'RING, n. A shaking; discord; dispute. 

JAS'MiNE, n. A plant of several species, bearing 
beautiful flowers ; called also jessamine. 

JAS'PER, n. A precious stone of a red, yellow, or 
more dull color, taking a fine polish, and being a 
variety of quartz. 

JXUN'DiCE, n. A disease in which the body be- 
comes yellow, with loss of appetite. 

JAUN'DiGED (jiin'dist), a. Affected with the 
jaundice; prejudiced; seeing with discolored vis- 
ion. 

JAUNT (jant), v. i. To ramble here and there. 

JAUNT, n. A short journey. — Syn. Trip; tour; 
excursion ; ramble. 

JAVE'LIN (jaVlin), n. A kind of spear. 

JAW, n. The bone in which the teeth are fixed ; 
the mouth ; in vulgar language, a scolding. 

JAW, v. i. To scold ; to rail vulgarly ; v. t. to 
abuse_by scolding. 

J^W'BoNE, n. The bone of the jaw. 

JaY, n. A bird ; a finical fellow. 

JeAL'OUS ( jel'us), a. Apprehensive of rivalship ; 
fearing encroachments on one's rights or inter- 
ests ; solicitous to defend the honor of. — Syn. Sus- 
picious. — Suspicious is the wider term. We sus- 
pect a person when we distrust his honesty and 
imagine he has some bad design. We are jealous 
when we suspect him of aiming to deprive us of 
what is our own, and what we dearly prize. Iago 
began by awakening the suspicions of Othello, 
and converted them at last into the deadliest jeal- 
ousy. 

JeAL'OUS-LY, ad. With jealousy or suspicion. 

JeAL'OUS-Y (jeTus-y), n. Suspicion; fear of los- 
ing some good which another may obtain. 

JEaN (jane), n. A cloth made of cotton, twilled. 

JEER, v. i. To utter severe sarcastic reflections; 
to make a mock of.— Syn. To scoff ; deride; flout; 
sneer; gibe; mock. 

JEER, v. t. To treat with scoffs or derision. 

JEER, n. Scon; mockery. 

JEER'ING-LY, ad. Scornfully; contemptuously. 

JE-Hp'VAH, n. The Hebrew name of God. 

JE-JuNE', a. Hungry; dry; barren; empty. 

JE-JuNE'NESS, n. Poverty; barrenness; partic- 
ularly, want of interesting matter. 



I, e, &c, long. — a, 2, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; tiieke, teem; maeine, bied; move, 



JEL 



239 



JOI 



JfiL'LI.E'D (jel'lid), a. Brought to the consistence 
of jelly. 

JeI/LY, n. Inspissated juice of fruit; sizy sub- 
stance ; something viscous or glutinous. 

JfiN'NET, n. A small Spanish horse. See Genet. 

JeN'NY, n. A machine for spinning. 

JeOP'ARD (jSp'ard), v. t. To put in danger or to 
hazard.— Syn. To risk; peril; endanger; ex- 
pose; hazard. 

JkOP'ARD-iZE (jSp'ard-), v. t To jeopard. U 
useless word.] 

JEOP'ARD-OUS (jSp'ard-), a. Exposed to danger ; 
hazardous. 

JEOP'ARD-Y (jSp'ard-), n. Exposure to death, 
danger, loss, or injury. — Syn. Danger; peril; 
hazard ; risk. See Danger. 

JER-EED', n. A short club or blunt javelin dart- 
ed by Turks in sport. 

JER-E-Ml'AD, n. Lamentation; a tale of grief. 

JERK, v. t. To thrust, throw, or pull with sudden 
motion. 

JkRK, n. A sudden thrust or twitch ; a sudden 
spring. 

JERKS D'-BEEF (jerkt'-beef), n. Beef cut into 
thin slices and dried in the sun. 

JeRK'IN, n. A jacket or short coat ; a hawk. 

JER'SEY, n. Fine yarn ; the finest of the wool. 

JE-Ru'SA-LEM XR'TI-CHoKE, n. Corrupted 
from (jiroAole, sunflower. A plant whose fruit is 
used for food, with a flower like the sunflower. 

J£SS, n. Short straps of leather tied round the 
legs of a hawk to fasten her to the wrist. 

JeS'SA-MiNE, n. A very fragrant flower. 

JeST, v. i. To create diversion; to make sport. 
— Syn. To joke. — One jests in order to make oth- 
ers laugh ; one jokes to please himself. A jest is 
always at the expense of another, and is often 
ill-natured ; a joke is a sportive sally designed 
to promote good-humor without wounding the 
feelings of its object. 

JeST, n. Something ludicrous uttered to excite 
laughter; the object of laughter. — Syn. Joke, 
fun ■, burlesque ; raillery ; sport. 

JeST'ER, n. One who is given to jesting or sar- 
casm ; a buffoon. 

JeST'IXG, n. Talk to excite laughter ; mirth. 

JeST'IXG-LY, ad. In a jocose manner. 

JeS'U-IT (jSz'u-it), n. One of the Society of Je- 
sus, so called, founded by Ignatius Loyola ; a so- 
ciety remarkable for their cunning in propagat- 
ing their principles, a crafty person. 

JE$-U-IT'I€, \ a. Designing; cunning: de- 

JES-U-iT'I€-AL,j* ceitful. 

JE$-U-iT'I€-AL-LY, ad. Craftily; cunningly. 

JES'U-IT-ISM, n. Deceit; stratagem; artifice. 

JeST-ITS'-BaRK, n. Peruvian bark; the bark 
of the Cinchona. 

JeT, n. A veiy black fossil substance ; a spout or 
spouting of water. 

JeT, v. i. To shoot forward; to project; to strut. 

JeT'SAM,? n. In laiv, a throwing of goods over- 

JET'SON, j board in a storm. 

JeT'TEAU (jet'to), n. A spout of water. 

JET'TY, a. Made of jet; like jet; black. 

JeT'TY, n. A small pier; a projection into a riv- 
er for raising the water. 

JEW (jii), n. A Hebrew or Israelite. 

JEWEL (ja'el), n. A precious stone; an orna- 
ment worn in the ears ; an expression of fond- 
ness. 

JEW'EL, v. t. To dress or adorn with jewels. 

JEW'EL-ER, n. A person who deals in jewels. 

JEW'EL-RY, n. Jewels and trinkets in general. 

JEWESS (ju'ess), n. A female of the Hebrew 
race. 

JEWISH, a. Pertaining to the Jews. 

JEWRY (jr/ry), n. Judea; a settlement of Jews. 

JEWS'HaRP, n. A small musical instrument. 

JeZ'E-BEL. n. An impudent, vicious woman. 

JiB, n. The foremost sail of a ship. 



JIB'BOOM, n. A spar run out from the end of 
the bowsprit, continuing it. 

JIBE, o. i. To shift a boom-sail from one side of 

a vessel to the other; often written jib. 
^JiF'FY, n. A moment; an instant. 

JiG, n. A dance by two persons. 

JiG'GER, n. A machine to hold on a cable; a 
troublesome insect. Sec Ciiesoe. 

JiLL, n. A young woman, in contempt. 

JILT, n. A woman who trifles with her lover; a 
coquette. 

JILT, v. t. To trifle with and deceive a lover. 

JIN^'GLE (jing'gl), v. t. To cause to sound with 
a sharp noise, as a little bell or pieces of metal. 

JIN G 'GLE, v. i. To sound with a fine, sharp rattle ; 
to chink. 

JIN G 'GLE, n. A sharp, clinking sound; a little 
bell or rattle ; a correspondence of rhymes. 

JIN G 'GLING, n. A sharp, rattling sound, as of lit- 
tle bells. 

J5B, n. A piece of work taken on the occasion ; 
an arrangement for giving undue gains to some 
one at the public expense. 

JoB, v. i. or t. To do jobs; to act as a jobber. 

JOB'BER, n. One who does occasional work as 
presented; one who supplies retailers with dry 
goods, &c, at wholesale ; a dealer in stocks. 

JoB'BING, n. Act of taking jobs; business of a 
jobber. 

J6B'BING-H0USE,\ n. A firm or store which 

JoB'BING-SToRE, j buys at wholesale and 
sells by retail. 

JoCK'EY, n. ; pi. Jock'eys. One who rides or 
deals in horses; a cheat. 

JoCK'EY, v. t. To trick ; to cheat : to deceive. 

J6CK'EY-I$M, n. The practice of jockeys. 

JO-€o ; E', a. Given to jokes and jesting; contain- 
ing a joke. — Syn. Jocular ; facetious ; merry ; 
pleasant; waggish; sportive. 

JO-€oSE'LY, ad. In jest; with pleasantry. 

Jo€'u-LAR (jok'yu-lar), a. Marked by pleasant- 
ry or jesting; not serious. — Syn. Facetious; hu- 
morous; witty; pleasant; sportive; jocose; mer- 
ry ;_waggish. 

JOC-u-LaRT-TY, n. Jesting; merriment. 

JoC'UND, a. Characterized by life or sportive 
enjoyment. — Syn. Blithe ; gleeful ; mirthful ; 
sprightly; cheerful; merry; gay; lively; sport- 
ive. 

Jo€'UND-LY, ad. With merriment ; gavly. 

J6CUXD-NESS, ) n. Mirth ; gayety ; state of be- 

J0-€uND'I-TY, / ing merry. 

J6G, v. t. To push or shake by way of exciting 
attention. ' [travel slowly. 

J5G, v. i. To move by jogs, as on a slow trot; to 

J6G, n. A slight shake or push; a hint to the 
memoiy ; a slow motion. 

JoG'GLE (jog'gl), v. t. To shake slightly ; to give 
a slight and sudden push ; v. i. to shake. 

J6G'-TR6T, n. A slow-, regular pace. 

JO-HaN'XeS. n. A Portuguese coin worth eight 
dollars ; called also joe. 

JoHN BULL, n. The well-known collective name 
of the English nation. 

JoHN-Do'RY, n. A fish of a golden yellow color 
and grotesque form. 

JoHN'NY-€ aKE, n. A cake made of maize meal, 
mixed with water and baked on the hearth. 

JOIN, v. t. To bring one thing into contiguity 
with another; to bring into close connection; to 
unite in league, marriage, concord, or in any act; 
v. i. to adhere; to grow to; to be continuous; to 
'unite with in marriage, society, partnership, &c. 
— Sy'n. To link; connect; combine; couple; unite; 
add ; associate. 

JOINT) ER, n. A joining; conjunction. 

JOIN'ER, n. An artisan who does the inner wood- 
work of buildings. 

JOIN'ER- Y, n. The art of uniting wood-work; 
the work of a joiner. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; RULE, BULL ; VI CIOUS. — -G as K ; G as J 



Xot English. 



JOI 



240 



JUD 



JOINT, n. Union of bones; articulation; one of 
the limbs of an animal cut up by a butcher ; knot 
of a plant; a hinge; an internode; place where 
two timbers are united. 

JOINT, v. t. To form into joints; to form many 
parts into one ; to smooth the edges of boards 
with a. jointer, so that they may fit close to each 
other; to divide. 

JOINT, a. Shared by two or more ; united ; act- 
ing in concert. 

JOINT'ER, n. A large plane; a joiner's utensil. 

JOINT'-HEIR (joint'air), n. An heir having a 
joint interest with another person. 

JOINT'LY, ad. Unitedly; in concert. 

JOINTURESS, n. A woman who has a jointure. 

JOINT'-SToCK, n. Stock held in company. 

JOINT'-STOOL, n. A stool made of parts insert- 
ed into each other. 

JOINT-TEN 'AN-CY, n. Tenure of an estate by 
unity of interest, title, time, and possession. 

JOINT-TEN'ANT, n. One who holds by joint- 
tenancy. 

JOINT'uRE (joint'yur), n. An estate settled on a 
woman at marriage. 

JOINT'uRE, v. t. To settle a jointure on. 

JOI ST, ri. A small piece of timber used in building. 

JOIST, v. t. To fit in joists; to lay joists. 

JoKE, n. A jest; sportive raillery ; something not 
_real ; in joke, in jest, not in earnest. 

JoKE, v. t. To cast jokes at ; to make merry with ; 
_to rally. [or actions. 

JoKE, v. i. To jest ; to sport ; to be merry in words 

JoK'ER, n. One who jokes; a jester. 

JoK'ING-LY, ad. In a joking way. 

JoLE, n. The cheek ; head of a fish. Cheek by 
jole, i. e., with cheeks together, close, tete-a-tete. 

JOL-LI-FI-€a'TION, n. Noisy drinking and fes- 
tivity. 

JoL'LI-LY, ad. With noisy mirth ; with disposi- 
tion to noisy merriment. 

JoL'LI-NESS,) n. Noisy mirth; festivity; gay- 
Jo L'LI-TY, / ety. 

J6L LY, a. Full of life and mirth ; expressing 
mirth or inspiring it ; exciting gayety ; plump, 
like one in high health. — Syn. Jovial; joyous; 
mirthful; merry; gay; lively; pretty. 

JoL'LY-BoAT (-bote), n. [A corruption of yawl- 
boat.'] A small boat belonging to a ship. 

J5LT, v. t. To shake with sudden jerks, as a car- 
riage on rough ground. 

J5LT, n. A shock or sudden shake ; v. i. to shake 
_one as by the motion of a carriage. 

JoLT'HeAD, n. A great head ; dunce ; block- 
head, [daffodil. 

JoN'QUIL (jon'kwil), n. A plant; a species of 

JoS'TLE (jos'sl), v. t. To run against and shake ; 
to push. [Written also justle.] 

JoS'TLING, n. A running against; a crowding. 

JOT, v. t. To set down ; to make a memorandum 
of. [quantity. 

J6T, n. An iota; a point; a tittle; the least 

JoT'TING, n. A memorandum. 

JOuR'NAL (jur'nal), n. A newspaper published 
daily ; an account of daily transactions ; one of a 
merchant's account-books for daily entries of 
sales. 

JOuR'NAL-I$M (jur'nal-), n. The practice of 
keeping a journal; management of public jour- 
nals. 

JOuR'NAL-IST (jur'nal-), n. One who keeps a 
journal ; one who writes for a public journal. 

JOuR'NAL-lZE, v. i. To enter in a journal. 

JOuR'NEY (jfir'ny), n. ; pi. Jour'neys. Travel to 
some distance by land.— Syn. Tour; excursion; 
pilgrimage. The word journey suggests the idea 
of a somewhat prolonged traveling for a specific 
object, leading a person to pass directly from one 
point to another. In a tour we take a round- 
about course from place to place, more common- 
ly for pleasure, though sometimes on business. 



An excursion (lit, running forth) is never on 
business, but always for pleasure, health, &c. 
In a, pilgrimage we travel to a place hallowed by 
our religious affections, or by some train of sa- 
cred associations. 

JOuR'NEY, v. i. To travel from place to place; 
to pass from home to a distance. 

JOOR'NEY-MAN, n. A hired workman. 

JOuR'NEY-WoRK (jiir'ny-wurk), n. Work by a 
journeyman. 

JOuST (just), n. A tilt or tournament. [mans. 

JoVE, n. Jupiter, the supreme deity of the Ro- 

Jo'VI-AL, a. Full of mirth and gladness; fond of 
good cheer; expressive of mirth and hilarity. — 
Syn. Merry; joyous; jolly; airy; gay; festive; 
_gleeful. 

Jo'VI-AL-LY, ad. With merriment ; gayly. 

Jo'VI-AL-NESSJ n. Gayety; noisy merriment; 

Jo'VI-AL-TY, J" festivity. 

JoWL. See Jole. 

JOWL'ER, n. The name of a dog. 

JOY, n. An emotion excited by the possession or 
prospect of some good ; expression of high grati- 
fication ; a prosperous, happy, or glorious state ; 
the cause of joy ; a term of fondness. — Syn. Glad- 
ness ; exultation ; pleasure ; delight ; ecstacy ; 
transport; happiness; bliss; mirth; festivity; 

JOY, v. i. To rejoice; to be glad. [hilarity. 

JOY, v. t. To give joy; to make glad. 

JOY'FUL, a. Affected by joy ; full of joy.— Syn. 
Glad;' exulting; merry; lively; blithe; joyous; 
blissful. 

JOY'FUL-LY, ad. With joy; gladly. 

JOY'FUL-NESS, n. Great joy or gladness. 

JOY'LESS, a. Void of ioy ; giving no joy. 

JOY'LESS-LY, ad. Without joy. 

JOY'LESS-NESS, n. State of being joyless. 

JOY'OUS, a. Full of joy and gladness; giving 
joy. — Syn. Gleeful; lively; mirthful; sportive; 
delightful; glad; merry; cheerful; happy. 

JOY'OUS-LY, ad. With joy or gladness. 

JOY'OUS-NESS, n. State of being joyous. 

Ju'BI-LANT, a. Uttering songs of triumph. 

JU-BI-La'TION, n. The act of declaring triumph. 

Ju'BI-LEE, n. A public periodical festivity; a 
season of great joy. 

JU-Da"'I€-AL \ a - Pertainin g t0 the Jews - 

Ju'DA-ISM, n. The tenets and rites of the Jews; 
_conformity to Jewish rites, &c. [Jews. 

Ju'DA-!ZE, v. i. To conform to the rites of the 

JuDgE, n. One authorized to hear and determine 
causes in court; one skilled in deciding on the 
merits of a question; a magistrate. — Syn. Um- 
pire; arbitrator; referee. — A judge, in the legal 
sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine 
questions of law. An umpire is a person select- 
ed to decide between two or more who contend 
for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot 
to two contestants their portion of a claim, usu- 
ally on grounds of equity and common sense. 
A referee is one to whom a case is referred for 
final adjustment. Arbitrations and references 
are sometimes voluntary and sometimes appoint- 
ed by a court. 

JuDgE, v. i. To compare facts and distinguish 
truth ; to form an opinion ; to pass sentence ; to 
discern. 

JuDgE, v. t. To hear and determine, as cases, &c. ; 
to try and pass sentence upon; to understand 
rightly ; to censure rashly ; to think or esteem ; 
to rule or govern ; to punish. 

JuDgE-aD'VO-€ATE, n. A public prosecutor in 
a court-martial. 

JuDgE'SHIP, n. The office of a judge. 

JuDG'MENT, n. The act of judging; that fac- 
ulty by which man is able to compare ideas, and 
ascertain the relation of terms and propositions ; 
the determination of the mind formed by com- 
paring relations and facts, &c. ; sentence pro- 



1, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cask, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, bird; move, 



JUD 



241 



JUS 



nounced ; act of deciding ; religious statutes and 
commands, <±c. ; remarkable punishment or ca- 
lamity. — Syn. Decision ; determination; award; 
criticism ; estimate ; discrimination ; penetra- 
tion ; discernment; sagacity. 

JODg'MENT-SeAT, n. The seat or bench on 
which judges sit in court; a court or tribunal. 

JS'DI-€A-TiVE, a. Having power to judge. 

JO'DI-€A-TO-RY, n. A court of justice; a tri- 
bunal; a. dispensing justice. 

Ju'DI-t,'A-TOia:,n. Power of distributing justice; 
a court of justice. 

JU-Di"CIAL (-dish'al), a. Pertaining to courts of 
justice; proceeding from a court; inflicted as a 
penalty. 

JU-DI"CIAL-LY, ad. In the forms of legal jus- 
tice ; bv way of penalty or judgment. 

JU-Di"CIA-RY (dish'a-ry), a. Pertaining to 
courts of justice. 

JU-Dl"CIA-RY, n. Courts of justice. 

JU-Di"C!IOUS (-dlsh'us), a. According to sound 
judgment; adapted to secure a good end by the 
best means; directed by reason and wisdom. — 
Syn. Prudent; skillful; rational; wise; discern- 
ing; sagacious. 

JU-Di"CIOUS-LY (-dlsh'us-), ad. With sound 
judgment; prudently; wisely. 

JU-DI"CIOUS-NES3 (-dlsh'us-), n. The quality 
of being according to sound judgment. 

JuG, n. A vessel with a protuberant belly and nar- 
row neck or mouth; v. i. to utter a sound like 
this word. 

JOG'GLE, n. A trick ; an imposture. 

JuG'GLE, v. i. To play tricks by sleight, of hand; 
to practice artifice or deceit; v. t. to deceive by 
tricks or artifice. 

JuG'GLER, n. One who practices sleight of hand 
tricks; a deceiver. 

JuG'GLER- Y, n. Legerdemain; imposture. 

JOG'GLING, n. Act of playing tricks; buffoon- 
ery; deceit. 

Ju'GU-LAR, a. Belonging to the throat. 

JuICE (juse), n. The sap of vegetables; the liq- 
uid part of fruits ; the fluid part of animal sub- 
sttSices. [ure. 

JuICE'LESS (jiise'less), a. Void of sap or moist- 

JOTCI-NESS (j.Yse-ness), n. Abundance of juice ; 
succulence hi plants. 

JuT'CY (j:/sy), a: Full of sap; succulent. 

Ju'JuBE, n. A plant and its pulpy fruit; jujube 
paste is gum-arabic sweetened. 

Ju'LEP, n. A liquor or sirup. 

JuI/IAN (jr.l'yan), a. Noting the old account of 
the year as regulated by Julius Caesar. 

JU-Ly', n. The seventh month of the year. 

JuM'BLE, v. t. To mix in a confused mass. 

JuM'BLE, v. i. To meet or unite in a confused 
manner. 

JuM'BLE, n. Confused mixture; a mass or col- 
lection without order ; a small cake shaped like 
a ring. 

JuMP, v. i. To leap ; to spring with two feet ; to 
move from object to object ; to pass at a leap ; to 
agree ; to tally. 

JuMP, 7i, The act of jumping; a leap with two 
feet, as a man ; a leap ; a spring. 

JuMP'ER, a. A kind of sleigh of a very rude con- 
struction. 

JUNCTION (jiink'shun), n. Act of joining; un- 
ion; combination; the place or point of union. 

JuNCT'CRE (jiinkt'yur), n. A joining; time or 
point where two things are joined together; a 
joint ; point of time. 

JuNE, n. The sixth month of the year. 

JuN G 'GLE (jiing'gl), n. In Asia, a thick cluster 
_of small trees or shrubs. 

JuN'IOR (jr.n'yur), a. Younger; later born ; in- 
ferior ; one younger in years or office ; noting a 
third year in a college course, or first year of a 
theological one. 



Ju'NI-PER, n. A tree or shrub bearing bluish 
berries, the oil of which is used to flavor gin. 

JfjNK, n. A Chinese ship; old ropes; a thick 
piece; hard, salt beef. [tertainment. 

JuNK'ET, to. A kind of sweetmeat; private en- 

JuNK'ET, v. i. To feast in secret; to make an 
entertainment by stealth. 

JCN'TA, n. A Spanish council of state. 

JuN'TO, n. A cabal ; a faction; a party. 

Ju'PI-TER, n. A heathen deity; Jove; a planet. 

i-JB'RE DI-Vl'NO. [L.] By divine right. 

JL'-RiD'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to a judge or court 
of justice; used in courts of justice. [forms. 

JU-RiD'I€-AL-LY, ad. With legal authority or 

Ju'RIS-CoN'SULT, n. Among the liomans, a 
man learned in the law. 

JU-UIS-DIC'TION, n. Legal authority, or the ex- 
tent of it. 

JU-RIS-PRu'DENCE (31), n. The science of law; 
the knowledge of law, &c. 

JU-RIS-PRU-DLN'TIAL, a. Belonging to juris- 
prudence. 

Ju'RIST, n. A professor of the civil law; one 
versed in the law, or a writer on the subject; a 
lawyer ; a civilian. 

Ju'ROR, n. One who serves on a jury. 

Ju'RY, n. A number of freeholders impaneled 
and sworn to deliver truth on evidence in court ; 
applied also to a committee which awards prizes 
at a public exhibition. 

Ju'RY-MAN, ?i. One who serves as a juror. 

Ju'RY-MaST (6), n. A temporary mast erected to 
supply the place of one carried away in a tempest 
or battle. [nations. 

+JUS GfiN'TI-UM (jjn'she-um). [Z/.] The law of 

JuST, a. Literally, straight, or conformed to a 
right line ; hence, appropriate or suitable, as a 
just array; conformed to truth and justice ; gov- 
erned by principles of equity. — Syn. Exact; ac- 
curate ; fit ; equitable ; fair ; impartial ; right ; 
upright ; honest ; righteous ; rightful ; equal ; 
even-handed ; deserved. 

JuST, n. A mock encounter on horseback. 

JuST, ad. Exactly; nicely; closely; barely. 

JuST, v. i. To engage in a mock fight on horse- 
back; to push; to drive; tojustle. 

JuS'TICE, n. The virtue which consists in giving 
to every one what is his due ; impartiality; vin- 
dictive retribution ; a civil officer or magistrate. 
— Syn. Equity ; law. — Justice and equity are the 
same; but human laws, though designed to se- 
cure justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence 
what is strictly legal is at times far from being 
equitable or jipt. Here a court of equity comes 
in to redress the grievance. It does so as distin- 
guished from courts of law; and as the latter are 
often styled courts of justice, some have fancied 
that there is in this case a conflict between jus- 
tice and equity. The real conflict is against the 
icorkiny of the law: this a court of equity brings 
into accordance with the claims of justice. It 
would be an unfortunate use of language which 
should lead any one to imagine he might have 
justice on his side while practicing iniquity {in- 
equity). 

JuS'TICE-SHIP, n. The office of a justice. 

JUS-TI"CIA-RY (-tish'a-ry), n. One who admin- 
isters justice. 

JrS'TI-Fi-A-BLE, a. That can be justified. 

JuS'TI-Fl-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
justifiable. 

JuS'TI-FI-A-BLY, ad. So as to be justified. 

JUS-TI-1T-€a'TION. n. Act of justifying; state 
of being justified; vindication; defense; in theol- 
ogy, remission of sin and absolution from guilt 
and punishment. 

JUS-TiF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Tending to justify. 

JuS'TI-Fi-ER, 7i. One who justifies. 

JCS'TI-Fv, v. t. Literally, to make straight or 
conformable to a right line, a sense still in use 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vi"cious.- 



k ; G as j ; 

Q 



s as z ; ca as sn ; this. + Not English. 



JUS 



242 



KET 



among printers; hence, to prove or show to be 
just; to declare just; to uphold or defend as 
right or proper ; in theology, to absolve from pun- 
ishment and treat with favor. — Syn. To vindi- 
cate; exonerate; exculpate; absolve; acquit. 

JuS'TI-Fy-ING, a. That has the quality of ab- 
solving from punishment, as justifying faith. 

JOS'TLE (jus'sl), v. i. To run against. See Jostle. 

JuS'TLE (jus'sl), v. t. To push ; to drive ; to force. 

JuST'LY, ad. Equitably; honestly; uprightly. 

JuST'NESS, n. Conformity to truth or some stand- 
ard of correctness and propriety. — Syn. Upright- 
ness ; equity ; exactness ; accuracy ; propriety ; 
fitness; reasonableness; justice. 

JOT, v. i. [A different spelling of jet] To shoot 
out or project; to shoot forward. 

JuT, n. A shooting forward ; a projection. 

JU-VE-NeS'CENCE, n. A growing young. 

JU-VE-N£S'CENT,a. Becoming young. 

Ju'VE-NiLE, a. Young ; youthful ; suited to 
youth ; pertaining to youth. 

Ju'VE-NiLE-NESS,) n. Youthfulness ; youthful 

JU-VE-NIL'I-TY, / age. 

JUX-TA-P6$'I-TED, a. Placed near ; contiguous. 

JUX-TA-PO-$i"TION (-po-zlsh'un), n. Nearness 
in place. 



K. 



T7" is a palatal consonant. Before all the vowels 

**■*■ it has one invariable sound, as in king, keel; 
it is silent before n, as in knoiv, knife. 

KaLE, n. An esculent plant; a kind of curly or 
wrinkled-leaf cabbage. 

KA-LEI'DO-S€oPE (-li'do-skope), n. An optical 
instrument which exhibits an infinite variety of 
beautiful colors and symmetrical forms. 

KaL'EN-DAR. See Calendar. 

KaL'EN-DER. See Calender. 

Ka'Li (ka'lj x ), n. A plant whose ashes are used in 
making glass. 

Ka'LIF. See Calif. 

KaL'MI-A, n. A genus of evergreen shrubs. 

KAM'SIN, n. A hot wind in Egypt : the simoom. 

KAN°-GA-ROO', n. An animal of New Holland, 
with short fore legs. 

KANT'I-AN, n. Relating to Kant or his system 
of philosophy. [.porcelain. 

Ka'O-LIN, n. A species of clay used in making 

Ka'TY-DID, n. A large greenish insect, so call- 
ed from the sound it makes. 

KAW, n. The cry of the crow, raven, or rook. 

KAW, v. i. To cry as a crow, &c. See Caw. 

KaYLE, n. A nine-pin ; a play. 

KeB'LAH, n. The point toward which Moham- 
medans turn their faces in prayer. 

KeCK, v. t. To heave. 

KECK, n. A reaching or heaving of the stomach. 

KeCK'LE (kSk'kl), v. t. To wind old rope around 
a cable to preserve it from being fretted. 

KeDgE, n. A small anchor used in a river. 

KeDgE, v. t. To warp, as a ship ; to move off by 
a kedge. 

KEEK, v. t. To look pryingly; to peep. 

KEEL, n. The principal timber of a ship, extend- 
ing from stem to stern under the bottom ; a low, 
flat-bottomed boat, used for carrying coals from 
the mine to vessels; a botanical term for the 
lower petal of certain flowers. 

KEEL, v. t. To plow the water with a keel ; to 
navigate; to turn up the keel, showing the bot- 
tom of a_vessel. 

KEEL-BoAT, n. A large covered boat having a 
keel, but without sails. [low tub. 

KEEL'ER, n. One who manages vessels ; a shal- 

KEEL'-HAUL, v. t. To haul under the keel of a 
ship by way of punishment. 

KEEL'MAN, n. One who manages the keel. 



KEEI/SON (kSl'sun), n. A piece of timber laid 
on the floor-timbers of a ship over the keel. 

KEEN, a. Being eager or vehement, as keen de- 
sire; being sharp, as a keen edge, or piercing, as 
a keen wind ; being bitter or acrimonious, as keen 
sarcasm ; being acute, as a keen intellect. 

KEEN'LY, ad. Sharply; eagerly ; bitterly. 

KEEN'NESS, n. Possessing the quality of sharp- 
ness, or eagerness, or bitterness. 

KEEP, n. The dungeon in an old castle. 

KEEP, v. t. [pret. and pp. Kept.] To hold in 
one's power or possession ; not to give up or lose ; 
to care for; to guard; to protect. — Syn. To re- 
tain; preserve. — Keep is generic, and is often 
used where retain or preserve would too much 
restrict the meaning, as to keep silence, &c. Re- 
tain denotes that we keep or hold things, as 
against influences which might deprive us of 
them, or reasons which might lead us to give 
them up, as to retain vivacity in old age, to re- 
tain counsel in a law -suit, to retain one's servant 
after a reverse of fortune. Preserve denotes that 
Ave keep a thing against agencies which might 
lead to its being destroyed or broken in upon, as 
to preserve one's health amid many exposures, 
to preserve appearances, &c. 

KEEP, v. i. To remain in any state ; to last ; to 
dwell ; to reside for a time. 

KEEP'ER, n. One who preserves or guards. 

KEEP'ING, n. A holding or restraining; custo- 
dy; feed, as of a horse; a due proportion in the 
light and coloring of a picture; conformity; con- 
gruity, as subjects in keeping with each other. 

KEEPING-ROOM, n. The room in which the 
family live. 

KEEP'SaKE, n. A token of kind remembrance. 

KEEVE, n. A large tub for fermenting liquors ; 
a mashing tub. 

KEEVE, v. t. To put in a keeve for fermentation. 

KeG, n. A small cask. See Cag. 

KeLP, n. The calcined ashes of sea-weed, used 
in the manufacture of glass; a plant. 

KeLP'IE (kelp'y), n. A supposed spirit of the wa- 
ters in Scotland, having the form of a horse. 

KeLT'ER, n. A state of preparation; order; not 
in kelter, not in readiness or order. [scry. 

KEN, v. t. To see at a distance ; to know ; to de- 

KeN, n. Reach of the sight; view; knowledge. 

KEN'DAL-GREEN, n. A species of green cloth 
made at Kendal in England. 

KeN'NEL, n. A place for dogs ; a pack of hounds ; 
a water-course ; hole of a fox or other beast ; a 
haunt ; a puddle. [fox. 

KeN'NEL, v. i. To lodge in a kennel, as a dog or 

KeN'NEL, v. t. To keep or confine in a kennel. 

KEN'NING, n. View; sight. 

KEN'TLE, n. A hundred pounds; a quintal. 

KeNT'LEDgE, n. A term used by seamen for 
ballast on the floor of a ship. [the head. 

KeR'CHIEF (13) (ker'chif), n. A cloth to cover 

KeRF, n. The cut of an ax or saw ; the notch or 
slit made in wood by cutting. 

KeR'MeS, n. An insect used for dyeing scarlet ; 
grains used in dyeing. 

KeRN, n. An Irish foot-soldier; an idle person; 
in printing, that part of a letter which hangs over 
the body or shank. 

KeRN, v. i. To harden in ripening ; to granulate. 

KeRN'EL, n. The seed of a pulpy fruit, or on© 
covered with a shell ; a grain. 

KeRN'EL, v. i. To form into a kernel. 

KeR'SEY, a. A coarse woolen cloth. 

KeR'SEY-MeRE, n. A fine twilled woolen cloth ; 
spelt also cassimere. 

KeS'TREL, n. A bird of the hawk kind. 

KETCH, n. A vessel with two masts. 

KeTCH'UP, n. A sauce. See Catchup. 

KeT'TLE, ii. A vessel of metal for boiling. 

KeT'TLE-DRuM, n. A large drum of copper or 
brass used in martial music. 



i, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



KET 



243 



KIR 



KeT'TLE-PIN, n. Nine-pins ; skittles. 

KEY (ke), n. That which fastens, as a piece of 
wood let into another for giving strength ; an in- 
strument to fasten and open locks ; an instrument 
by which something is screwed or turned; the 
stone which binds an arch ; in an organ, &c, the 
lever by which the instrument is played by the 
fingers ; that which serves to explain any thing ; 
an index which explains a cipher; a ledge of 
rocks near the surface of water. 

KEY (ke), n. A bank or wharf built on the side 
of a river or harbor, for loading and unloading 
ships. It is sometimes written quay. 

KEY'AgE, n. Money paid for lying at a wharf. 

KEY'-BoARD, n. The part of a musical instru- 
ment where the keys are ; the whole range of the 
key of an organ, &c. 

KEYifD (keed), a. Furnished with keys; set to 
a key, as a tune ; having keys let into it to pre- 
serve from warping. 

KeY'HoLE (ke-), n. A hole for a key in a lock. 

KEY'SToNE, n. The stone that binds an arch ; 
hence, the uniting principle or power. 

KHAN (kaun), n. A prince or governor in Persia ; 
a prince or chief; an Eastern inn. 

KHAN'ATE, n. IFr.] The dominion or jurisdic- 
tion of a khan. 

KIBE, n. A chap in the heel ; a chilblain. 

KlBi?D, a. Chapped or cracked with cold; hav- 
ing chilblains. 

KI-BIT'KA, m A Russian traveling wagon ; a 
kind of movable dwelling among the Tartars. 

KICK, n. A blow with the foot or feet. 

KICK, v. t. To strike with the foot. 

KICK, v. i. To practice striking with the foot ; to 
thrust out the foot in anger, contempt, &c. ; to 
show opposition. 

KICK'ING, n. Act of striking with the foot; a 
succession of kicks inflicted on one. 

KiD, n. A young goat ; a bundle of furze ; a small 
wooden %-essel, especially that in which seamen 
receive their food. 

KID'XAP, v. t. To steal a human being, man, 
woman, or child. 

KID'NAPP^D (kid'napt), a. Stolen, seized, and 
earned away, as a human being. 

KID'NAP-PER, n. One who steals a person. 

KID'NAP-PING, n. The act or practice of steal- 
ing, or the forcible abduction of a human being 
from his country or state. 

KID'NEY, n.; pi. KId'neys. That part of the 
viscera which secretes the urine ; sort ; kind ; 
disposition._ [called from its shape. 

KID'XEY-3eAN, n. A tough kind of bean, so 

KiL, n. A Dutch word for channel or bed of a 
river; hence, a stream. 

KIL'DER-KIN, n, A cask of 16 or 18 gallons. 

KILL, v. t. To deprive of life.— Syn. To murder; 
assassinate. — To kill does not necessarily mean 
any more than to deprive of life. A man may 
kill another by accident or in self-defense with- 
out the imputation of guilt. To murder is to kill 
with malicious forethought and intention. To 
assassinate is to 'murder suddenly and by stealth. 
The sheriff may kill without murdering; the du- 
elist murders, but does not assassinate his antago- 
nist; the assassin kills and murders in the mean- 
est and most ignoble manner. 

KILL'DEE, \ n. A kind of plover, so called from 

KILL'DEERJ the note it utters. 

KILL'ER, n. One who slays or deprives of life. 

KILN (kil), n. A stove or oven to dry or bake 
bricks, ware, &c. ; a pile of bricks for burning. 

KILN '-DRY (kll'-dry), v. t. To dry in a kiln. 

KIL'O-GRAM, [n. A French measure of 

+KiL'0-GRAMME,j 1000 grammes, or about 2i 
nounds. 

KIL-oL'I-TER, \ n. A French measure of 1000 

+KIL'0-L'l-TRE,j litres, or 264 gallons, about 4 
hogsheads. 



n. A French measure of 1000 
metres, or about five eighths 



KI-LoM'E-TER, 

+KIL'0-MF;-TRE. 
of a mile. 

KILT, n. A kind of short petticoat worn instead 
of breeches by the Highlanders of Scotland. 

KIM'BO, a. Bent; crooked; arched. 

KIN, n. Kindred ; relation ; thing related ; in 
composition, a diminutive, as mannikin; a. of 
the same nature; kindred; congenial. 

KiND, a. Noting a disposition to make others 
happy by supplying their wants, granting their 
requests, &c. ; having affectionate and tender 
feelings, &c. ; proceeding from goodness of heart, 
&c. — Syn. Benevolent; beneficent; benign; gra- 
cious; generous; indulgent; humane; mild; gen- 
tle; friendly; loving; favorable; good; tender; 
obliging; favorable; n. a genus; race; sort; par- 
ticular nature; produce or commodity. SeeGoov- 
Natured. 

KIN'DLE (kin'dl), v. t. To set on fire ; to inflame ; 
to provoke ; to excite to action ; v. i. to take fire ; 
to begin to rage or be violently excited ; to be 
roused or exasperated. 

KIN'DLER, n. He or that which sets on fire. 

KlND'LI-NESS, n. Affectionate disposition. 

KiND'LY, ad. With good will ; obligingly. 

KIND'LY, a. Mild; favorable; bland; congenial; 
seasonable; of the same nature. 

KlND'NESS, n. That temper or disposition which 
delights to make others happy; any act which 
promotes the happiness or welfare of others. — 
Syn. Good-will ; grace ; tenderness ; compassion ; 
humanity; mildness; gentleness; goodness; gen- 
erosity; affection. 

KIN'DRED, n. Relation ; relatives ; affinity : a. 
allied by birth ; related ; congenial ; of the like 
nature or properties. 

KTNE, n. pi. Two or more cows. 

KINE-PoX', n. The vaccine disease. 

KING, n. A monarch ; a sovereign ; a prince ; su- 
preme magistrate ; a card having the picture of a 
king; the chief piece in a game of chess. 

KiNG'CRAFT, n. The art of governing. 

KING'DOM (king'dum), n. The territory subject 
to a king; the population so subject; power of 
supreme authority; division or region, as animal 
kingdom; heaven, or a state of glory: reign of 
the Messiah, rule, &c. 

KIN G'FISH-ER, n. A bird which preys on fish. 

KING'LY, a. Like a king; with the feelings of a 
king; becoming a king. — Syn. Regal. — Kingly is 
Saxon, and refers especially to the character of a 
king; regal is Latin, and now relates more to his 
office. The former is chiefly used of dispositions, 
feelings, and purposes which are king-like; the 
latter of external state, pomp, &c. 

KING'-PoST, n. A beam in a roof rising from the 
tie-beam to the ridge. 

KiNG'S'-BENCH, n. In England, the supreme 
court of common law. 

KING S-EN G 'GLISH (-ing'glish), n. A phrase for 
correct or current language of good speakers. 

KINGS-E'YIL (king's-e'vl), n. A disease of the 
scrofulous kind. 

KINK, n. The twist of a thread or rope spontane- 
ously formed; in Scotland, a convulsive laughter. 

KINK, v. t. or i. To twist into a kink. 

Kl'NO, n. - An astringent vegetable extract of a 
deep brownish-red color. 

KINS'FoLK, n. Persons of the same family ; rel- 
atives; kindred. 

KINS'MAN. n. A man of the same race or family. 

KINS' WoM-AN, n. A woman of the same race. 

KI'OSK, n. A Turkish summer-house. 

KIP*PER, n. A salmon that has just spawned. 
Kippered salmon are those which have been 
salted and dried as not fit to use while fresh, be- 
cause just from spawning. 

KIP'SKIN, n. Leather prepared from the skin of 
young cattle, between calf-skin and cow-hide. 



dove, wolf, book ; bule, bull ; yi"cious. — e as k ; 4 as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. * Not English. 



Km 



2U 



KNU 



KiRK (17), n. The Church, as in Scotland. 

KiRK'MAN, n. One of the Church of Scotland. 

KiR'TLE, n. An upper garment ; a gown ; a short 
jacket. 

KiSS, n. A salute with the lips ; a common token 
of affection ; a small piece of confectionery. 

KiSS, v. t. To salute with the lips; to caress; to 
touch gently. 

KISS'ING, n. Act of saluting with the lips. 

KISS'ING-CoM'FIT (-kiim'fit), n. Perfumed sug- 
ar-plums to sweeten the breath. 

KIT, n. A kitten ; a small fiddle ; a small tub of 
salt fish ; a bundle containing the tools of a shoe- 
maker, the necessaries of a soldier, &c. ; hence, 
perhaps, the expression of a kit of people, the 
whole kit of them. 

KIT'CAT, n. A name given to a club to which 
Addison and Steele belonged ; also to a three 
quarter length portrait, of which many were 
taken for that club. 

KITCH'EN, n. A room for cooking; a galley or 
caboose in ships. [plants. 

KITCH'EN-GXR'DiJN, n. A garden for culinary 

KITE, n. A rapacious bird ; a paper toy for flying. 

KITH, n. Acquaintance. Kith and kin, friends 
and relations. [and shifts. 

KlTTNG, n. The raising of money by pretenses 

KIT'T^N, v. i. To bring forth young, as a cat. 

KIT'Tj&'N (kit'tn), n. The young of a cat ; a young 
cat. 

KLiCK, v. t. To make short, sharp sounds by 
striking two things together. 

KLICK, n. A regular sharp noise. 

KNAB (nab), v. t. To gnaw; to bite; to nibble; 
to lay hold of or apprehend. 

KNACK (nitk), n. Dexterity; a nice trick; a toy. 

KNAG (nog), n. A knot in wood ; a peg ; the shoot 
of a deer's horn. 

KNAG'GY (nag'gy), a. Knotty , rough with knots. 

KNAP (nap), n. A swelling; a protuberance. 

KNAP (nap), \ v. t. To bite off; to bite 

KNAP'PLE (nap'pl),] short. 

KNAP'SACK (niip'sak), n. A sack or bag contain- 
ing articles of food or clothing carried on the 
back by soldiers, travelers, &c. 

KNaR (nar), n. A knot in wood. 

KNaRL^D (niirld), a. Knotty. See Gnarled. 

KNaVE (nave), n. Originally, a boy or servant; 
hence (from the early character of so many of 
that rank), a low, cheating fellow; a rogue; a 
card with a soldier pictured upon it. 

KNaV'ER-Y (nav'er-y), n. Low dishonesty; de- 
ception in. trade; mischievous tricks or practices. 

KNaV'ISH (nav'ish), a. Practicing dishonesty; 
fraudulent ; mischievous. 

KNaVTSH-LY, ad. Dishonestly; by trick. 

KNaV'ISH-NESS, n. The quality or habit of dis- 
honesty; trick; deceit. 

KNkAD (need), v. t. To work and mix with the 
hands, particularly the materials of bread, &c. 

KNEAD'ING-TROUGH (need'ing-trauf), n. A 
tray in which dough is kneaded. 

KNEE (ne), n. The joint between the leg and 
thigh ; a piece of timber cut out in the shape of 
a bent knee ; pieces of wood of a ship connecting 
her sides and beams. 

KNEE'-€ROOK-ING, a. Obsequious. 

KNEED (need), a. Having knees; geniculated. 

KNEE'HTGHlf a ' Eisin ^ to the knees ' 
KNEEL (neel), v. t. To bend or fall on the knees. 
KNEE'PAN, n. The round bone on the front of 

the knee. 
KNEE'-TRIB-uTE, n. Obeisance by kneeling. 
KNeLL (nel), n. The sound of a bell; funeral 

tolling. [fle. 

KNiCK'KNaCK (nik'nak), n. A plaything or tri- 
KNIFE (nife), n. ; pi. Knives (nivz). An edged 

instrument for cutting. 
KNIGHT (nite), n. Originally, a youth ; hence, a 



servant ; in feudal times, a man admitted to mil- 
itary rank by a certain ceremony ; one of an or- 
der of title called Sir; a champion. 

KNiGHT (nite), v. t. To dub or create a knight, 
the sovereign giving him, kneeling, a blow with 
a sword, and saying, "Rise, Sir." 

KNIGHT-eR'RANT, n. A knight roving about 
for the purpose of displaying his military prow- 

KNIGHT'HOOD, n. The dignity of a knight. 

KNIGHT'LY (nite'ly), a. Becoming a knight ; per- 
taining to a knight. 

KNIGHT'LY (nite'ly), ad. As becomes a knight. 

KNIT (nit), v. t. Ipret. and pp. Knit, Knitted.] 
To form with large needles into a kind of net- 
work, as to knit stockings ; to unite closely, as in 
love ; to join or cause to grow together, as bones; 
to tie ; to fasten ; to draw together or contract, as 
the brows; v. i. to interweave by needles; to 
join closely. 

KNIT'TER, n. One who knits. [ting. 

KNIT'TING-NEE'DLE, n. A needle used for knit- 

KN6B (nob), n. A knot ; a protuberance ; a bunch ; 
round ball at the end of a thing, as of a lock. 



KNOBBED' (nobd'U „ 
'by), f °" 



KNOB'BY (nob'by), f * Ful1 of knots - 

KNOB'BI-NESS (nob'be-ness), n. The quality of 
being full of knots. 

KN6CK (nok), v. i. To strike or beat with some- 
thing heavy ; to be driven against ; to strike 
against ; v. t. to strike or beat ; to strike a door 
for admittance. 

KNOCK (n< w, k), n. A blow; a sudden stroke with 
something heavy; a rap. 

KNOCK'ER (nok'er), n. One who knocks ; a ham- 
mer to rap on a door. [strokes. 

KNoCKTNG, n. A beating; a rap ; succession of 

KNoLL. See Knell. 

KNoLL (noil), n. A little hill or hillock. 

KN6P (nop), n. A knap; knob; button; bunch. 

KN5PP.ED (nopt), a. Having knobs, or fastened 
with them. 

KN6T (not), n. Union of cords by knitting or ty- 
ing ; a tie ; joint of a plant ; difficulty or intrica- 
cy; bond of association; a cluster or group; di- 
vision of a log-line, which measures the rate of 
the vessel's motion. 

KNOT (not), v. t. To form knots; to entangle or 
perplex; to tie ; v. i. to form knots or joints, as in 
plants ; to knit knots for fringe. 

KNOT'TYf' } a - Ful1 of knots ; hard ; intricate - 

KNOUT (nout), n. An instrument of punishment 
in Russia, consisting of a narrow leather strap, 
which inflicts severe torture. [the knout. 

KNOUT (nout), v. t. To inflict punishment with 

KNoW (no), v. t. ipret. Knew; pp. Known.] To 
perceive with certainty; to understand clearly; 
to be informed of; to distinguish; to recognize 
by recollection; to be no stranger; to be famil- 
iar with ; to have sexual commerce ; to approve ; 
to have assurance of. 

KN o W, v. i. To have clear and certain perception ; 
to be informed; to take cognizance of; to ex- 
amine. 

KNoW'A-BLE (no'a-bl), a. That may be known. 

KNoW'ING (no'ing), a. Having or showing 
knowledge ; significant, as a knowing look. 

KNuWTNG-LY, ad. Understanding^ ; with 
knowledge. 

KNOWL'EDgE (nol'lej), n. Clear perception ; 
learning ; science ; skill ; information ; cogni- 
zance ; notice ; with carnal, sexual intercourse. 

KNuCK'LE (nuk'kl), n. A joint of the fingers, 
&c. ; the knee-joint of a calf; in carpentry, a 
joint of a cylindrical form, with a pin, as an axis 
by which hinge-straps are fastened together. 

KNuCK'LE (nuk'kl), v. i. To submit in contest. 

Iffi1£»> At„oti„,vood. 



1, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what ; tiieee, teem ; marine, bikd ; move, 



KNU 



215 



LAD 



KXCRL'Y, a. Full of knots; hard. 

Ko'PECK, n. A Russian coin worth ahout a cent. 

Ko'RAN, n. The Mohammedan book of faith. 

KRa'AL, n. A South African village or hamlet, 
being a collection of huts ranged in a circular 
form, so named by the early Dutch settlers, from 
kraal or coral, a string of beads. 

KRa'KEN 7 , n. A supposed enormous sea-animal. 

KReM'LIN, n. In Russia, the citadel of a town 
or city ; the imperial palace in Moscow. 

KRuL'LER, n. A kind of cake curled or crisped, 
and boiled in fat. 

Ku'MISS, n. A liquor made from mare's milk. 

Kv'AN-lZE, v. t. To prevent the rotting of tim- 
ber by the use of corrosive sublimate, dec. 

KYR-I-L6<yi€, ) a. Representing objects by 

KYR-I-Log'IC-AL,/ conventional signs or char- 
acters. 



T is a liquid consonant, having but one sound, as 

- L * in love. In English words the terminating 
syllable le is unaccented; the e is silent, and I 
has a feeble sound, as in able, eagle, pronounced 
abl, eagl; as a numeral, L denotes 50; in ac- 
counts it stands for a pound. 

LX. A note in music. 

LA (law), ex. Look; see; behold. 

La'BEL, n. A slip of paper, &c, attached to any 
Jhing to denote the contents; name or title. 

La'BEL, v. t. To mark with a label. 

La'BENT, a. Sliding; gliding. 

La'BI-AL, a. Pertaining to the lips. 

La'BI-AL, n. A letter uttered by the lips. 

La-BI-O-DeNT'AL, a. Formed or pronounced by 
the co-operation of the lips and teeth. 

La'BOR, n. Exertion of muscular strength ; in- 
tellectual exertion ; exertion of the mental pow- 
ers in conn e tion with bodily employment; work 
done or to be done; heroic achievement; pangs 
and effort of childbirth ; the evils of life, &c— 
J>y>\ Work ; toil ; task ; effort ; pains ; travail. 

La'BOR, v. i. To exert muscular strength or the 
powers of the mind ; to be burdened ; to move 
with difficulty or irregularity; to perform Chris- 
tian offices ; v. t. to be in travail ; to work at ; 
to prosecute with effort; to form with exertion, 
toil, or care. — Syn. To work; toil ; strive ; strug- 
gle; fag; plod; drudge; slave; travail. 

LAB'O-RA-TO-RY, n. A place for operations or 
experiments in chemistry, pharmacy, pyrotech- 
nics, &c. ; a workshop. 

La'BOR-ER, n. One who labors ; a workman. 

LA-Bo'RI-OUS, a. Diligent in work ; using exer- 
tion; requiring exertion, &c. — Syn. Industrious; 
pains-taking, active ; assiduous; toilsome; diffi- 
cult; arduous; wearisome; fatiguing; trouble- 
some. 

LA-Bo'RI-OUS-LY, ad. With great toil. 

LA-Bo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. State or quality of be- 
ing toilsome or attended with difficulty. 

LAB'Y-RINTH, n. A place full of windings; 
something extremely intricate. — Syn. Maze. — A 
labyrinth among the ancients was a building con- 
structed with a multitude of winding passages, so 
that a person could hardly avoid being lost. 
Hence, figuratively, the word denotes any thing 
. extremely intricate, as the labyrinth of the hu- 
man heart. Maze (lit., whirlpool) denotes the 
perplexity and confusion in which the mind is 
thrown by unexpected or inexplicable events, as 
a maze of thought. 

LAB-Y-RL\TH'1-AN, «. Winding; intricate. 

LAC, n. A resinous sub-tance found on certain 
trees in consequence of the puncture of an insect ; 
in the East Indies, 100,000 rupees. 

LaCE, n. Work composed of threads ; a cord ; a 
plaited string. 



LaCE, v. t. To fasten; to trim with lace ; to whip. 

LaC'ER-aTE, v. t. To tear; to rend; to separ- 
ate by violence or tearing. 

LAC'ER-ATE, \ a. Rent; torn; in botany, hav- 

LAC'ER-A-TED,j ing the edge variously cut 
into segments. [ing ; a rent. 

LAC-ER-a'TION (las-er-a'shun), n. Act of tear- 

LACER-A-TIVE, a. Rending; tearing; having 
the power to tear. 

LA-Ci';R'TA, n. A genus of lizards; a northern 
constellation, the lizard. 

LACII'KY-MAL (lak'ry-mal), a. Conveying tears ; 
pe taining to or secreting tears. 

LACH'RY-MA-RY (hlk'-), a. Containing tears. 

La€H'RY-MA-TO-RY, n. A vessel found in sep- 
ulchers of the ancients, supposed to have con- 
tained the tears of the friends of the deceased. 

LACH'RY-MoSE, a. Generating or shedding 
_tears ; full of tears. 

LaC'ING, n. A fastening with a string or cord 
through eyelet-holes; a cord used for drawing 
tight or fastening. 

LACK, v. t. To want or need ; to be destitute of; 
v. i. to be in -want; to be wanting. 

LACK, n. Want ; failure ; a hundred thousand 
rupees See Lao. 

£icl-tSiril€AL,}«- Affectedly pensive. 

LaCK'A-DaY'. An exclamation of sorrow or re- 
gret; alasj [ing. 

LaCK'-BRaIN, n. One deficient in understand- 

LaCK'ER, n. See Lacqtjee. 

LACK'EY (lak'y), n. ; pi. Lack'eys. A footman 
or footboy; a servant; v. i. to attend as a foot- 
man ; v. t. to attend servilely. 

LA-€6N'I€, \ a. Expressing much in a few 

LA-€6N'I€-AL,j words. — Syn. Concise. — The 
term laconic is derived from the Lacones or Spar- 
tans, who affected to give short, pithy answers. 
Laconic, then, implies few words ; concise, only 
the necessary words. A work may be a long one, 
and yet the "language be concise; a reply can not 
be long and yet laconi:. Laconic carries with it 
the idea of incivility or affectation ; concise is a 
term of unmixed praise. 

La'€ON-I#M, \n. A brief, sententious phrase 

LA-€6N'I-CI$M,j or expression ; a concise 
style. 

LACQUER (lak'er), n. A varnish consisting of a 
solution of shell lac in alcohol. [lacquer. 

LACQUER (lak'er), v. t. To varnish ; to apply 

LAC-Ta'TION, n. The act of giving milk ; time 
of suckling. 

LAC'TE-AL, a. Pertaining to milk ; conveying 
chyle ; n. a vessel of the body that conveys chyle 
from the intestines. 

LACtIoUS,}* Milky; like milk. 

LAC-TES'CENCE, n. Tendency to milk; in bot- 
any, the milky juice of a plant. 

LAC-TeS'CENT, a. Producing milk or white 
juice; abounding in white juice, as a plant. 

LACTIC, a. Pertaining to milk; derived from 
milk, as lactic acid. 

LA€-T6M'E-TER, n. A glass tube for ascertain- 
ing the richness of milk or of cream. 

LA-CuS'TRAL, \ a. Pertaining to lakes or 

LA-€fJS'TRlNE,j swamps. 

LAD, n. A boy ; a young man. 

LAD'DER, n. A frame with rounds for steps. 

LAD'DIE, n. A lad or young man. 

LaDK, v. t. iprct. Laded; j/P- Laded, Laden.] 
To load ; to freight ; to throw with a dipper. 

La'D2?X (la'dn), a. Oppressed; burdened. 

LaD'ING, 7i. Load ; cargo ; that which a ship 
carries. 

La'DLE, n. A dipper with a handle; receptacle 
of a mill-wheel ; an instrument for drawing the 
charge of a cannon. 

La'DY, n. A well-bred woman; a title of respect. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — c as k ; easj; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + Not English. 



LAD 



246 



LAN 



La'DY-BiRD,? n. A small insect of brilliant col- 
La'DY-BuG, j ors. 

La'DY-DaY, w. Annunciation-day, March 25. 
La'DY-LOVE (-liiv), n. A sweetheart or mistress. 
LA'DY-SHIP, n. The title of a lady. 
La'DY'S-SLiP'PER, n. A flowering plant found 

in gardens. 
LAG, a. Coming after; slow; sluggish. 
LAG, n. One who lags ; the rump ; the fag-end. 
LAG, v. i. To walk or move slowly ; to stay behind. 

— Syn. To linger ; saunter ; delay ; loiter, which 

see. 
La'GER BEER, n. A mild German beer, called 

layer from its being laid up or stored some 

months before using it. 
LAG'GARD, a. Slow ; sluggish ; backward. 
LAG'GARD, \ n. One who moves slowly or falls 
LAG'GER, j behind ; a loiterer ; an idler. 

LAGONE'I n ' A fen ' marsn ' or shallow pond. 

LA'IC, n. A layman. 

La'IC, \ a. Pertaining to people not of the 

LA'I€-AL,j clergy. 

LaID, pret. and pp. of Lay. Placed ; deposited. 
Laid Paper, paper inlaid with lines in its texture 
like those in paper made by hand. [rest. 

LAIR (4), n. The bed of a wild beast; a place of 

LAIRD, n. In Scotland, a lord ; owner of a manor. 

La'I-TY, n. The people as distinct from the 
clergy. 

LaKE, n. A large collection of water surrounded 
by land ; a deep red coloring matter. 

LAKE'LET, n. A little lake. 

La'MA, n. The object of worship in Thibet and 
Mongolia, culled more commonly the Grand La- 
ma; the title of a kind of priesthood or sacred 
oi'der in those countries ; a South American beast 
of burden, allied to the camel. 

LAMB (lam), n. A young sheep. In Scripture, 
Lamb of God, the Savior Jesus Christ, typified 
by the Paschal Lamb. 

LAMB (lam), v. t. To bring forth young, as a sheep. 

LAM'BENT, a. Playing over the surface ; touch- 
ing lightly; licking. 

LAMB'KIN (lam'kin), n. A young or small lamb. 

LAMB'S' WOOL, n. The wool of lambs; a drink 
of ale, roasted apples, &c. 

LAME, a. Unsound in a limb; imperfect. 

LAME, v. t. To make lame ; to disable or cripple ; 
to render imperfect, &c. 

LAM'EL, n. A veiy thin plate or scale. 

LAM'EL-LAR, ) a. Formed or disposed in thin 

LAM'EL-LATE, / plates or scales. 

LAM'EL-La-TED, a. Covered with thin plates. 

LA-MeL'LI-FORM, a. Having the form of a plate. 

LaME'LY, ad. With impaired strength, as a crip- 
ple ; haltingly; weakly. 

LaME'NESS, n. An impaired state of the body or 
limbs; imperfection; weakness. 

LA-MeNT', n. Grief expressed in complaints and 
ci-ies ; an elegy. 

LA-MeNT', v. i. To express sorrow or grief; to 
regret deeply ; to feel sorrow. — Syn. To mourn ; 
grieve; bewail; complain; weep; deplore, which 
see. [over. 

LA-MeNT', v. t. To mourn for ; complain of ; weep 

LAM'ENT-A-BLE, a. Deserving sorrow; adapted 
to cause grief. — Syn. Sorrowful; grievous; miser- 
able; piteous; mournful. 

LAM'P:NT-A-BLY, ad. With sorrow ; grievously. 

LAM-EN-Ta'TION, n. Expression of sorrow; 
cries of grief; the act of bewailing. — Syn. Mourn- 
ing; complaint; moan; wailing. 

LA-MeNT'ER, 7i. One who cries out with sorrow. 

LAM'I-NA, n. ; pi. Lam'i-n,k A thin plate ; a coat 
lying over another ; a bone or part of a bone re- 
sembling a thin plate ; the earlap ; the border of 
a petal ; the blade of a leaf. [thin plates. 

LAM'I-NA-BLE, a. Capable of being formed into 

LAM'I-NAR, a. Consisting of thin plates. 



LAM'I-NATE, •> p , , . , . . . . 

LAM'I-NA-TED, / a ' Plated : ^S m P lates " 

LAM-I-Na'TION, 71. State of being laid in plates. 

LAM'MAS, 7i. The first day of August. 

LAM'MER-GEIR, n. The largest bird of prey of 
the Eastern Continent ; the bearded vulture. 

LAMP, n. A vessel with a wick or wicks, in which 
some inflammable substance is burned to give 
light ; a light. 

LAMP'BLACK, n. A fine soot from the smoke of 
burning resinous substances. 

LAM'PASS, n. ,A lump of flesh in the roof of a 
horse's mouth behind the fore teeth. 

LAM'PER-EEL, n. The lamprey. 

LAM-POON', 7i. Personal satire or abuse in writ- 
ing.— Syn. Satire. — The appropriate object of sat- 
ire is found in the vices and follies of the times. 
It is usually general, and designed to expose and 
reform. A lampoon is a bitter personal satire, 
dictated by malignant feelings, and intended only 
to distress and degrade. Most of the pieces pub- 
lished by Pope under the name of satires were a 
string of lampoons. 

LAM-POON', v. t. To abuse with personal cen- 
sure and written satire. — Syn. To libel ; defame ; 
slander. [ire. 

LAM-POON'ER, n. One who writes personal sat- 

LAM'PREY, n. A fish like an eel. 

La'NA-RY, 7i. A store place for wool. 

La'NaTE, a. Woolly; having hairs like wool. 

LANCE (6), n. A weapon like a spear, to be thrown. 

LANCE, v. t. To pierce with a sharp-pointed in- 
strument, as a lance or lancet; to throw, as a 
lance. 

LAN'CE-O-LaTE, a. Tapering toward the end. 

LAN'CER, 7i. A soldier who carries a lane. ; one 
who pierces, as with a lance or lancet. 

LAN'CET, n. A surgical instrument to let blood; 
a high, narrow window. 

LANCH, v. t. To throw, as a dart; to let fly. 

LAN'CI-FORM, a. In the form of a lance. 

LAN'CI-NaTE, v. t. To tear; to cut. 

LAN-CI-NA'TION, n. A tearing. 

LAND, 7i. Earth or the solid matter; any portion 

' of the solid, superficial part of the globe, as a 
country ; ground ; real estate ; a region ; inhabit- 
ants of a country ; a nation or people. 

LAND, v. t. To set or put on shore ; to disembark. 

LAND, v. i. To come on shore or go on shore from 
a ship. 

LAN'DAM-MAN, n. The chief magistrate of cer- 
tain cantons in Switzerland, and also of their 
Diet. 

LAN'DAU, n. A four-wheeled carriage, whose top 
may be thrown back. 

LAND'AU-LET, n. A chariot opening at the top 
like a landau. 

LAND'ED, a. Having land; consisting in land. 

LAND'FALL, n. Land first seen as a vessel ap- 
proaches ; sudden translation of property. 

LAND'-FoRCE, n. Military force serving on land. 

LAND'GRaVE, ti. A German count or p ince. 

LAND'HoLD-ER, n. The holder or proprietor of 
land. 

LAND'ING, n. Act or place of going on shore ; 
top of a flight of stairs. 

LAND'-JoB-BER, n. One who speculates in land. 

LAND'La-DY, 7i. The mistress of an inn ; a wom- 
an who has tenants holding under her. 

LAND'LOCK, v. t. To inclose by land. 

LAND'Lo-PER, \ n. One who has no settled 

LAND'LoU-PER,] habitation ; a vagrant. 

LAND'LORD, n. The lord or owner of land or 
houses; master of an inn or tavern. 

LAND'LUB-BER, n. A term of reproach among 
seamen for one who lives on land. [land. 

LAND'MAN, n. A man who lives or serves on 

LAND 'MaRK, n. A mark of bounds to land ; any 
elevated object on land serving as a guide to sea- 
men. 



a, e, &c, long.—l, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maei'ne, died; move, 



LAN 



247 



LAE 



LAXD'-oF-FiCE, n. An office for the sale of land. 

LAXD'SCAPE, n. A prospect of a portion of land ; 
a picture showing the form and scenery of a 
country. 

LAND'SLTDE,? n. A portion of land sliding down 

LAXD'SLIP, ) a mountain; the sliding down 
of a tract of land from a mountain. 

LAXDS'MAX, n. In seamen's language, a sailor 
on board a ship who has not been to sea before. 

LaND'-TaX, n. A tax on land and houses. 

LaND'WARD, ad. Toward land. 

LANE, n. A narrow passage for traveling; a pas- 
sage between lines of people on each side. 

LaX g 'GRAgE (l^ng'graje).} n. Pieces of old iron 

LaX v GREL (lang'grel), f shot for tearing sails 
and rigging. 

LAXG-STXE'. ad. Long ago. Scottish. 

LaX g 'GUAgE (lang'gwaje), n. Any manner of 
expressing thought, whether by signs, speech, 
•writing, &c. ; a mode of conveying ideas by ar- 
ticulate sounds ; words duly arranged into sen- 
tences exhibited to the eye; the speech peculiar 
to a nation. — Syk. Speech; tongue; idiom; dia- 
lect. — Language (Latin lingua, the tongue) is 
generic, denoting any mode of conveying ideas, 
as the language of the deaf and dumb, &c. ; speech 
(lit., a shooting forth) is the language of articu- 
late sounds; tongue (lit., a shoot or extension) is 
the Saxon term for the language of a particular 
people, as the English tongue. Idiom denotes 
the forms of construction peculiar to a language ; 
dialects are varieties of expression which spring 
up in different parts of a country, or in different 
professions, &c. 

LAX G 'GUID (lang'gwid), a. Indisposed to exer- 
tion through feebleness or exhaustion: without 
animation or activity. — Syn. "Weak; faint; fee- 
ble; dull. 

LAX G 'GUID-LY, ad. Faintly; weakly; slowly. 

LAX G 'GUID-XESS, n. Weakness from exhaustion 
of strength ; heavy dragging movement. — Syn. 
Faintness; feebleness; dullness; languor; heavi- 
ness; slowness. 

LAX G 'GUISH (lang'gwish), v. i. To lose strength 
or animation ; to become spiritless, dull, and in- 
active; to lose vegetating power; to sink under 
sorrow; to look with softness or tenderness. — 
Syn. To pine; wither; fade; droop; faint. 

LAN G 'GUISH-IXG, a. Marked by pining or soft- 
ness. []y ; meltinglv. 

LAX G 'GUISH-IXG-LY (lang'gwish-), ad. Weak- 

LAX G 'GUISII-MEXT (lang'gwish-), n. State of 
pining; softness of looks or mien. 

LAX G 'GUOR (lilng'gwor), n. Lassitude of body; 
exhaustion of strength. — Syn. Feebleness; dull- 
ness; heaviness; faintness. 

La'XI-A-RY, a. Lacerating or tearing. 

LA-XiF'ER-OUS,\ „ ■„ . , . . 

I \-XiG'FR-OUS I Bearing or producing wool. 

LAXK. a. Loose, or yielding easily to pressure; 
not full and firm ; thin ; drooping. 

LAXK'XESS, n. A want of flesh ; thinness. 

LAX'TERX, n. A case or vessel for carrying a 
light; a dark lantern maybe so closed as to con- 
ceal the light; a light-house or light to direct 
ships ; a little dome raised over the roof of a 
building to give light, &c. 

LA-Xl''gI-XOUS,> a. Downy; containing fine 

LA-Xu'gI-XoSE, j soft hair. 

LAX'YARD, n. A short piece of rope used for fast- 
ening something in ships. 

LA-oC'O-OX, n. In fabulous history, the priest 
of Apollo _or Xeptune during the Trojan war. 

LA-OD-I-Ce'AN, a. Like the Christians of Lao- 
dicea; lukewarm in religion. [ion. 

LA-OD-I-Ce'AX-I$M, n. Lukewarmness in relig- 

LAP, n. The loose part of a coat ; the part of the 
clothes that lies on the knees; the knees; that 
part of one body which lies on and covers an- 
other. 



LAP, v. i. To be spread or laid ; to be turned 
over; to take up food or liquor by the tongue; to 
feed or drink by licking. 

LAP, v. t. To wrap or lav over ; to lick up. 

LAP'DOG. n. A little dog for the lap. 

LA-PeL', n. That part of a coat which laps over 
the facing. 

LAP'FFL, n. As much as the lap will hold. 

LAP'I-DA-RY, a. Belonging to the art of cutting 
stones; engraved upon stone. 

LAP'I-DA-RY, n. One who cuts and sells pre- 
cious stores; a virtuoso skilled in gems. 

LAP-I-DA'TIOX, n. Act of stoning. 

LA-PiD'E-OUS, a. Like stone ; of the nature of 
stone ; hard. 

LAP-I-DES'CEXCE, n. A hardening into a stony 
substtnce; a strong concretion. 

LAP-I-DES'CEXT, a. Hardening into stone. 

LAP-I-DiFTC. a. Forming into stone. 

LA-PID-I-FI-€a'TIOX, n. The operation of con- 
verting into a stony substance. 

LA-PiD'I-Fv, r. i. or t. To turn into stone. 

LAP'I-DIST. See Lapidary. 

La'PIS, n. In Latin, a stone; used in various 
compounds. [tongue. 

LAP'PER, n. One that folds; one that laps his 

LAP'PET, n. Part of a garment hanging loose. 

LAPS'A-BLE, a. That may fall or lapse. 

LAPSE, v. t. Literally, to slip or glide ; hence, to 
slip or commit a fault through inadvertence; to 
fall or deviate from rectitude ; to pass from one 
proprietor to another through omission or negli- 
gence. 

LAPSE, n. A slipping or gliding; a failing in 
duty; a deviation from rectitude; the passing 
of property through omission or neglect. 

LAP-SID'ED (lop-), a. Having one side longer or 
heavier than the other. 

LAP'SToXE, n. A stone on which shoemakers 
beat their leather in the lar>. 

*LaP'SU8 LiX G 'GL^E (-ling'gwe), n. [L.] A slip 
of the tongue. [wit. 

LAP'WIXG^n. A bird of the plover kind ; the pe- 

LaR. n. ; Til. La'ses. [L.~\ A household deity. 

LXR'BoARD, n. The left-hand side of a ship. 

LaR'CE-XY, ?i. Theft; the taking of goods or 
other personal property feloniously. 

LARCH, n. The common name of a species of fir, 
very durable as wood. 

LARD, n. The fat of swine, melted and separated, 
from the flesh ; bacon. 

LXRD, v. i. To grow fat. 

LARD, v. t. To stuff with pork ; to fatten ; to mix. 

LaRD'ER, n. A pla-e where meat is kept. 

LARD'-OIL, n. Oil obtained from lard. 

La'RES, n. %>l- Roman household deities. 

LaRgE, a. Xoting any thing above the common 
size, number, &c. ; of great bulk, capacity, 
amount, &c. — Syn. Big; bulky; wide; copious; 
liberal; ample; populous; diffusive. &c. 

LaRgE'LY, ad. In an ample, liberal, bountiful 
manner; abundantly. 

LaRgE'XESS, n. Great size, extent, number, ca- 
pacity, &c. ; fullness in the degree or measure 
of diffusion, &c— Syn. Bigness; bulk; magni- 
tude ; comprehension ; extent. 

LaR'gESS. n. A gift; present; donative. 

+LaR-GHeT'TO (jhard)J [If.] In music, di- 

+LaR'GO, j recting to a slow- 

movement. 

LAR'I-AT, n. The lasso, a long rope or thong of 
leather with a noose, for catching wild horses, &c. 

LXRK, n. A small singing bird; a frolic of a low 
kind. [to sport. 

LXRK, v. i. To catch larks ; hence, to make sport ; 

LAR'RUP, v. t. To beat or flog. 

LAR'UM, n. A noise giving notice of danger. 
See Alaem. 

LaR'VA. n. ; pL LaVvjs.) An insect in a caterpil- 

LARVE, n. ; pi. Laeves. j lar or grub state. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi cious. — € as k ; g as J ; 



z ; ch as sn ; this. + Xot English. 



LAR 



248 



LAU 



LXR'Va-TED, a. Clothed as with a mask. 

LA-SI N'&E-4N } a - Pertainin S to the larynx. 

LAR-YN-gI'TIS, n. An inflammation of the lar- 
ynx. 

LAR'YNX, n. The upper part of the windpipe or 
trachea, which modulates the voice. 

LAS'GAR, n. A native seaman in the East Indies. 

LAS-CiV'I-OUS, a. Having the character of or 
promoting lasciviousness. 

LAS-CiV'I-OUS-LY, ad. After a loose, lustful 
manner; wantonly; lewdly; loosely. 

LAS-CiV'I-OUS-NESS, n. The irregular indul- 
gence of animal desires; tendency to excite lust 
and promote indulgence; wantonness; looseness. 

LaSH, n. The thong of a whip; a stroke with a 
whip or any thing pliant; a stroke of satire that 
cuts or gives pain. 

LaSH, v. t. To strike with a thong or whip; to 
lash against, as waves ; to censure ; to satirize; to 
hind fast. 

LaSH, v. i. To ply the whip; to strike at. 

LASS (6), n. A girl ; a young woman. 

LAS'SI-TuDE, n. Weariness; languor of the 
body or mind. 

LAS'SO, n. ; pi. Las'sos. A rope or cord Avith a 
noose, used for catching wild horses, &c. 

LAST (6), a. Following all others; having none 
behind or beyond. — Syn. Latest; hindmost; ulti- 
mate; final. [ing. 

LAST, v. i. To continue or endure without perish- 

LvST'LY i a<J " In the last P lace or time. 

LAST, n. A form to shape a shoe; a certain 
load, weight, or measure ; 4000 lbs. or more ; the 
burden of a ship. 

LAST'ING, a. Continuing long; that may con- 
tinue long. — Syn. Permanent; durable. — Lasting 
is more commonly applied to things abstract, 
which from their very nature endure, as a lasting 
remembrance, effect, &c. ; permanent chiefly to 
things established and designed to remain un- 
changed, as a permanent situation, & permanent 
change, &c. ; durable to material substances or 
fabrics, so far as they resist agencies which tend 
to destroy them, as a durable foundation, &c. 

LAST'ING. n. A smooth woolen cloth. 

LAST'ING-LY, ad. With continuance ; durably. 

LATCH, n. A catch for a door. 

LATCH, v. t. To fasten with a latch ; to fasten. 

LATCH'ET, n. A fastening for a shoe. 

LaTE, a. Coming after the usual time ; slow ; not 
long past; ad. far in the day or night; unsea- 

LaTE'LY, ad. Not long ago. [sonably. 

LaTE'NESS, n. A coming after the usual time, 
slowness; time far advanced; state of being out 
of or after the time. 

LA'TENT, a. Not visible or apparent.— Syn. Hid- 
den; secret; unseen; concealed. 

LAT'ER-AL, a. Pertaining or belonging to the 
side : proceeding from the side. 

LAT'ER-AL-LY, ad,. On one side; by the side ; in 
the direction of the side. 

LAT'ER-AN, n. One of the churches in Rome, 
with the Pope's palace annexed to it. 

LATH (G), n. A narrow strip of wood to support 
plaster. 

LATH, v. t. To cover with laths. 

LaTHE, n. A machine for turning. 

LATH'ER, n. Froth of soap and water ; froth from 
profuse sweat, as of a horse ; v. t. to spread with 
lather. 

LaTH'ER, v. i. To form a foam, as of soap and 
water ; to become froth or frothy matter. 

LATH'Y, a. Thin as a lath; slender and long; 

LAT-I-CoS'TATE, a. Broad-ribbed. [weak. 

LAT-I-DKNT'ATE, a. Broad-toothed. 

LAT-T-Fo'LI-OUS, a. Broad-leaved. 

LAT'IN, a. Pertaining to the Roman language; 
n. the ancient language of Romans. 



LATIN-ISM, n. An idiom of the Latin tongue. 

LAT'IN-IST, n. One well versed in Latin. 

LA-TiN'I-TY, n. Purity of the Latin style or 
idiom ; the Latin language. 

LaT'IN-iZE, v. t. To turn or translate into Latin. 

LaT'ISH, a. Somewhat late. 

+LAT'I-TAT, n. [L., he lurks.'] In law, a writ to 
summon one to appear who lies concealed. 

LAT'I-TuDE, n. Breadth ; room ; space ; distance 
from the equator ; extent of meaning or construc- 
tion ; extent of deviation from a settled point; 
freedom from 'fixed rules. 

LAT-I-Tu'DI-NAL,a. In the direction of latitude. 

LAT-1-Tu-DI-Na'RI-AN, n. One moderate in 
his notions, or who departs from orthodoxy. 

LAT-I-Tu-DI-NA'RI-AN, a. Lax in views and 
feelings. 

LAT-I-Tu-DI-NA'RI-AN-I$M, n. Freedom of 
opinion, especially in theology. 

LAT-I-Tu'DI-NOUS, a. Having large extent. 

LA'TRANT, a. Barking. 

•J-LA-TRI'A,?!. [L.] In the Roman Catholic Church, 
the highest kind of worship, or that paid to God, 
in distinction from dulia, or that paid to saints. 

LAT'TEN,n. Iron plate covered with tin; former- 
ly a kind of fine brass. 

LAT'TER, a. The last of two ; late ; modern. 

LAT'TER-LY, ad. In late times or ages ; lately. 

LAT'TICE (lHt'tis), \ n. Work consisting of cross- 

LAT'TiOE-WoRK,f bars ; a window of such 
work. 

LAT'TiCE, v. t. To form with cross-bars or open 
work ; to furnish with a lattice. 

LAUD, n. Honorable mention ; praise ; com- 
mendation ; music. 

LAUD, v. t. To praise ; to celebrate in words 
alone, or with words and singing. 

LAUD'A-BLE, a. Worthy of praise ; commend- 
able. 

LAUD'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving 
praise. 

LAUD'A-BLY, ad. So as to deserve praise. 

LAU'DA-NUM (lod'a-num), n. Tincture of opium. 

LAUD'A-TO-RY, a. Containing praise ; tending 
to praise. , 

LAUD'A-TO-RY, n. That which contains praise. 

LXUGH (liif), v. i. To manifest mirth ; to be gay; 
with at. to ridicule; deride. 

LXUGH, v. t. To ridicule or deride, with out, as 
to laugh out of a place, &c. 

LXUGH, n. A well-known expression of mirth. 

LaUGH'A-BLE (liif'a-bl), a. That may excite 
laughter. — Syn. Ridiculous; comical; droll; lu- 
dicrous, which see. 

LaUGH'ER (Uif'er), n. One who is fond of or 
gives way to merriment. 

La UGH 'ING, n. The act of laughter. 

LaUGH'ING-LY, ad. With laughter. 

LXUGH'ING-SToCK, n. An object of ridicule. 

LXUGH'TER (liif'ter), n. Convulsive merriment ; 
an expression of mirth peculiar to mankind. 

LAUNCH (lanch), v. t. To move or cause to slide 
from the land to water. 

LXUNCH. v. i. To go forth, as a ship into the 
water; hence, to expatiate. 

LXUNCH (liinch), n. The sliding of a ship from 
land to water; a kind of boat. 

LaUN'DER (lan'der), v. t. To wash; to wet. 

LaUN'DER-ER (lan'der-er), n. A man who fol- 
lows the business of washing clothes. 

LaUN'DRESS (lan'dress), n. A washerwoman. 

LaUN'DRY (lan'dry), n. A place where clothes 
are washed. 

LAU'RE-ATE, a. Invested with a laurel ; Poet 
"Laureate, in Great Britain, the royal or king's 
poot. 

LAU'RE-aTE, v. t. To honor with a degree and 
laurel. 

LAU'RE-ATE-SHTP, n. Office of a laureate. 

LAU'REL, n. The bay-tree, of several species. 



I, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mak'ine, isikd ; move, 



LAV 



249 



LEA 



La'VA, n. Melted matter flowing from a volcano, 
but hard when cool. 

LA-Va'TION, n. A washing or cleansing. 

La V'A-TO-RY, n. A place for washing ; a wash 
for some diseased part. 

LaVE, v. t. To wash ; to bathe. 

LaVE, v. i. To bathe; to wash one's self. 

LAVEN-DER, n. An aromatic plant. 

La'VER, n. A large basin for washing. 

LAVISH, a. Expending or bestowing with pro- 
fusion ; liberal to a fault ; unrestrained. — Syn. 
Prodigal; wasteful; profuse. 

LaV'ISH, v. t. To scatter freely; to expend prod- 
igally; to waste; squander. 

LaVISH-LY, ad. With wasteful profusion. 

LaV'ISH-MEXT,? n. The quality of profuseness 

LAVISH-NESS, j or extravagance. 

LAW, n. A rule of action or motion ; a rule of 
conduct established by competent authority. — 
Syn. Statute ; common law ; regulation ; edict ; 
decree. — Law is generic, and denotes, in this 
connection, whatever is commanded by one who 
has a right to require obedience. A statute is a 
particular law drawn out in form, and distinctly 
enacted and proclaimed. Common law is a rule 
of action founded on long usage and the decisions 
of courts of justice. A regulation is a limited 
and often temporary law, intended to secure some 
particular end or object. An edict is a command 
or law issued by a sovereign, and is peculiar to 
a despotic government. A decree is a permanent 
order either of a court or of the executive gov- 
ernment. 

LAWFUL, ct. Conformable to law ; legal. 

LAW'FUL-LY, ad. In accordance with law; le- 
gally; without violating law. 

LA.WFUL-NESS, n. Legality ; right by law. 

LAW-GIVER, in. One who makes laws; a 

LA W-'-M aK-ER, j" legislator. 

LAWLESS, a. Not restrained by law; disorder- 
ly ; unauthorized. 

LAW'LESS-LY, ad. Without the restraints of law. 

LAW'LESS-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing unrestrained by law. 

LAWN, n. A space of ground covered with grass, 
usually around or in front of a mansion ; a spe- 
cies of fine linen. 

LAWN, a. Made of lawn. 

LAWN'Y, a. Level as a lawn ; made of lawn. 

LAWSUIT (-sate), n. A process in law to recover 
a right. 

LAWYER, n. One who practices law. 

LAX, a. Loose; vague; slack. 

LAX'A-TiVE, a. Having the quality of relieving 
the bowels from costiveness. 

LaX'A-Ti VE, n. A medicine that opens the in- 
testines; a gentle purgative. 

LaX'I-TY, \n. Looseness; slackness; want of 

LAX'NESS,/ tension; want of exactness ; open- 
ness. 

LaY (la), v. t. [pret. and pp. Laid.] To put; to 
place ; to apply; to spread out on the surface ; to 
dispose in order ; to prepare ; to charge ; to wa- 
cer ; to calm. 

LAY, v. i. To produce or bring forth eggs. 

LaY (la), n. A song ; grassy ground ; a wager ; a 
row ; a stratum. 

LaY, a. Pertaining to the laity ; not clerical. 

LaY'-BROTH-ER, n. One of an order of monks, 
but not in holy orders. 

LAY'-CLERK, n. A layman who officiates as clerk 
in the Church. 

LaY'ER (la'er), n. A stratum ; bed ; a sprig laid 
for growth ; a course, as of bricks, &c. 

LaY'ER-ING, n. The propagation of plants by 
growth. 

LaY'-FiG-uRE,? n. A figure of the human body, 

LaY'MAN, j made of wood or cork, used by 

artists. 

LaY'MAN, n. A man not of the clerical order. 



L.v'ZAR, n. A person affected with nauseous or 
pestilential disease. 

LAZ-A-R&T', \ n. A pest house for diseased 

LAZ-A-ReT'TO,J persons. 

La'ZAR-HCUSE, n. A house for lazars. 

LAZ-A-Rf/Ni, n. pi. In Italy, the poor who live 
by begging. 

La'ZI-LY, ad. In a slothful manner. 

La'ZI-NESS, n. Indisposition to action or exer- 
tion ; indolence; slowness; tardiness. 

La'ZY, a. Disinclined to action or exertion ; 
heavy in motion ; moving slowly or with labor. 
— Syn. Slothful ; sluggish. 

LE A 1 

Ley' f ^' n ' ^ meac *ow ' plain ; lawn. 

LEACH, v. t. To wash, as ashes, by percolation. 

LEACH, n. Wood ashes washed by percolation of 
water. [leached. 

LEACH'-TuB, n. A vessel in which ashes are 

LEAD (leed), n. Precedence; a going before. 

LEAD (leed), v. t. \_pret. andpj*- Led.] To go be- 
fore; to guide; to conduct; to pass; to induce. 

LEAD, v. i. To go before and show the way ; to 
conduct; to draw; to exercise dominion. 

LEAD (Id), n. A soft metal ; a plummet; a thin 
plate of type-metal used to separate lines in print- 
ing ; a small cylinder of black lead in pencils. 
Leads, pi., a fiat roof covered with lead. 

LEAD (led), a. Like lead, as lead color; made of 
lead. 

LEAD (led), v. t. To cover with lead; to fit with 
lead ; to separate, as lines, with leads. 

LeAD'ED (led'ed), a. Fitted with lead; set with 
lead; separated by plates of lead, as lines in 
printing. 

LEAD'BN (led'dn), a. Consisting of lead; dull. 

LeAD'ER (leed'er), n. One who leads or conducts ; 
a chief ; the principal editorial article in a news- 
paper. 

LeAD'IXG, a. That takes the lead; principal; 
chief; most influential; showing the way; the 
Jirst. 

LeAD'IXG, n. Guidance; the act of directing ; 
direction. 

LEAD'IXG-STRiXG -S, n. pi. Strings to lead chil- 
dren when beginning to walk. 

LEAF (leef), n. ; pi. Leaves (leevz). Part of a 
plant or flower; part of a book and of a door; 
something resembling a leaf in thinness, as gold 
leaf; the movable side of a table. 

LEAF, v. i. To put forth leaves. 

LeAF'AgE, n. Leaves collectively. 

LEAF'-BRiDgE, n. A drawbridge having a leaf 
_or platform on each side. 

LeAF'-BuD, n. The rudiment of a young branch, 
or a growing plant covered with rudimentary 
leaves. [leaves. 

LEAF'I-NESS (leef-), n. A state of being full of 

LEAF'LESS (leef-), a. Destitute of leaves. 

LEAF'LET (leef-), n. A small leaf; a foliole. 

LEAF'Y (leef-), n. Full of leaves ; thick. 

LEAGUE (ieeg), n. Alliance of states; union for 
mutual interest or friendship, &c. — Syn. Alli- 
ance ; confederacy ; coalition ; combination ; 
compact. 

LEAGUE, n. A distance of three miles in En- 
gland and America. In some countries more, in 
^thers less. 

LEAGUE (leog), v. i. To unite in confederacy. 

LEAG'UER (leeg'er), n. A confederate. 

LeAK (leek), n. A crack or hole that. permits a 
fluid to pass; the oozing of a fluid through a 
crevice or crack. 

LEAK (leek), v. i. To let a fluid in or out through 
_a fissure or hole ; to escape. 

LeAK'AgE, n. A leaking, allowance for waste. 

LeAK'Y (leek'y), a. Letting a fluid iu or out ; 
apt to leak. 

LEAN (leen), a. Wanting flesh or fat; not rich; 
not fertile; barren of thought or that which im- 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bull; vi cious. — G as k. ; a as j; s 



z ; en as sii ; this. 



* Not English. 



LEA 



250 



LEG 



proves. — Syn. Slender; sparse; thin; meager; 
_lank ; n. the muscular part of flesh. 

LEAN (leen), v. i. To incline; to bend; to rest 
_on; to tend toward ; to be in a bending posture. 

LeAN'NESS, n. Want of flesh ; thinness ; poor- 
ness ; emptiness ; want of matter. 

LEAN 'To, n. A low building whose roof slants 
down from a higher one. 

LEAP (leep), v. i. To spring or rise from the 
ground ; to spring or move suddenly upward or 
forward ; to jump or vault. 

LEAP (leep), v. t. To pass over by springing or 
jumping; to copulate. 

LEAP (leep), n. The act of leaping ; space passed 
in leaping ; act of copulation by a male animal ; 
a sudden transition. 

LEAP'-FRoG, n. A childish play. 

LeAP'-YeAR (leep'yeer), n. Every fourth year, 
which has one day more than others ; bissextile. 

LEARN (13), v. i. To gain or receive knowledge; 
to receive instruction. 

LEARN, v. t. To gain knowledge of, as to learn a 
language; to acquire skill in. — Syn. Teach. — 
Learn originally had the sense of teach, in ac- 
cordance with the analogy of the French and 
other languages, and hence we occasionally find 
it with this sense in Shakspeare and Spenser. 
This usage has now passed away. To learn is to 
receive, and to teach is to give instruction. He 
who is taught learns, not he who teaches. 

LeARN'ED, a. Versed in science and literature ; 
skillful in arts; containing learning. 

LeARN'ED-LY, ad. With erudition. 

LeARN'ER, n. One who is acquiring knowledge. 

LeARN'ING, n. Knowledge acquired by study, 
experience, or observation. — Syn. Erudition ; 
lore; scholarship; science; letters; literature, 
which see. 

LEAS' A-BLE (leece'a-bl), d. That may be leased. 

LEASE (leece), n. A letting of land, &c, for hire ; 
tenure by grant or permission; the writing or 
contract for such letting. 

LEASE (leece), v. t. To let for use by hire. 

LEASE'HoLD, a. Held by lease, as a tenement; 
n. a tenure held by lease. 

LEaS'ER (leez'er), n. One who gleans after reap- 
ers. 

LeASH (leesh), n. A thong of leather or long line ; 
among sportsmen, a brace and a half; three. 

LEASING (leez'ing), n. Lies; falsehood, \_0bs.~] 

LEAST, a. Smallest ; ad. in the smallest degree. 

LEATH'ER (leth'er), n. The skin or outward cov- 
ering of an animal dressed for use. 

LEATH'ER (leth'er), a. Made of leather or con- 
sisting of leather. 

L£ATH'ER-DR£SS-ER (ICth'er-), n. One who 
dresses leather or prepares hides for use. [er. 

LEATH'ERN (15th 'em), a. Made of or like leath- 

L£ATH'ER-Y (lcth'er-y), a. Resembling leather ; 
Jough. 

LEAVE (leev), n. Allowance; a concession by 
which restraint or illegality is removed ; a part- 
ing visit; farewell. — Syn. Liberty ; permission ; 
license. — Leave denotes that he who obtains it 
may decide whether to use it or not ; liberty, that 
all obstructions in the way of his using it are re- 
moved and set aside. Permission implies a form- 
al consent given by one who had the right to re- 
fuse it. License denotes that this consent ex- 
tends to a mode of acting for which special per- 
mission is required. An orator asks leave to 
speak; liberty is granted him ; he construes this 
permission into a license to abuse his opponents, 
and acts accordingly. 

LEAVE, v. t. Ipret. and pp. Left.] To withdraw 
or depart from ; not to take or remove; to aban- 
don ; to give by will ; to intrust with, as a de- 
posit; to refer for decision. — Syn. To quit; for- 
sake; desist; bequeath; refer. 

LEAVE, v. i. To cease from ; to desist. 



LEAVED (leevd), a. Furnished with 
made with leaves or folds. 

LEAV'ifN (lSv'vn), n. A mass of sour dough or 
fermenting substance for making other dough 
light; any thing which makes a general change 
in the mass. 

LeAV'jKN, v. t. To raise and make light ; to 
taint ; to imbue. 

LEAV'i'N-ING (lev'vn-), Ov That which leavens 
or makes light. 

LEAVINGS (leev'ingz), n. pi. Things left ; of- 
fals; remains. 

LeCH'ER, n. A man given to lewdness. 

LECH'ER-OUS, a. Lustful ; given to lewdness. 

L£CH'ER-OUS-LY, ad. In a lewd, lascivious 
manner. 

LECH'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Propensity to indulge 
the sexual appetite ; lewdness. [ness. 

LECH'ER- Y, n. Free indulgence of lust ; lewd- 

LEC'TION, n. A reading; difference in copies. 

LEC'TION-A-RY, n. Roman Catholic service- 
book. 

LeCT'uRE (lekt'yur), n. A discourse read or pro- 
nounced on any subject; a formal reproof; re- 
hearsal of a lesson. 

LeCT'uRE (lekt'yur), v. i. To read lectures ; to 
deliver a formal discourse. 

LeCT'uRE, v. t. To instruct by discourses ; to in- 
struct authoritatively; to reprimand. 

LECT'uR-ER (15kt'yur-er), n. A teacher by lec- 
tures. 

LECT'ORE-SHIP, n. The office of a lecturer. 

LEC'TURN or LECTERN, n. A reading-desk in 
churches, &c. 

LEDgE, n. A layer; a ridge; a molding on the 
edge. 

LEDg'ER, n. A chief book of accounts. 

LEDg'ERS, n. pi. Pieces of timber used in scaf- 
folding, lying parallel to the wall. 

LEE, n. The side opposite to the wind ; a calm or 
sheltered place from the wind. 

LEE'-BoARD, n. A frame of plank affixed to the 
side of a flat-bottomed vessel, to prevent it from 
falling to the leeward when close-hauled. 

LEECH, n. A blood-sucker ; a physician. 

LEECH, v. t. To heal ; to apply leeches for draw- 
ing blood. 

LEE'-LuRCH, n. A sudden and violent roll of a 
ship to the leeward in a high sea. 

LEER, n. An oblique or arch look. 

LEER, v. i. To look obliquely or archly. 

LEEK'ING-LY, ad. With an arch look. 

LEES (lee_z), n. pi. Dregs; sediment of liquor. 

LEE'-SHoRE, rc. The shore toward which the 
wind blows. 

LEE'-TlDE, n. A tide running with the wind. 

LEE'WARD {colloquially, loo'ard), a. Pertaining 
to the part toward which the wind blows ; ad. to- 
ward the lee. 

LEE'WaY, n. The lateral movement of a ship to 
the leeward of her course. 

LEFT, a. Opposite to the right; unlucky; the 
left bank of a river is that on the left of a person 
descending it. 

LEFT'-HaND-ED, a. Using the left hand more 
easily than the right ; awkward ; wanting in dex- 
terity. 

LEG, n. A limb which supports the body; the long 
and slender support of any thing, as of a table, 
&c. ; side of a triangle ; a bow ; act of obeisance. 

LEG'A-CY, n. A bequest ; a particular thing or 
certain sum of money given by last will or testa- 
jnent. 

Le'GAL, a. Done according to law; pertaining to 
law ; created by law. — Syn. Lawful ; constitution- 
al; legitimate; licit; authorized. 

Le'GAL-IST, n. One who relies for salvation on 
the works of the law. 

LE-GaL'I-TY, n. Conformity to law ; lawfulness; 
in theology, reliance on works for salvation. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, £, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



LEG 



251 



LET 



LE'GAL-IZE, v. t. To make lawful ; to make con- 
formable to law ; to authorize ; to sanction. 

LE'GAL-LY, ad. In accordance with law ; as per- 
mitted by law. 

LEG-' ATE, n. An embassador or envoy. 

LEG-A-TEE', n. One who has a legacy. 

LEG'ATE-SHIP, n. The office of legate. 

LeG'A-TINE, a. Belonging to a legate. 

LE-Ga'TION (-ga'shun), n. An embassy; a dis- 
trict of the Roman States governed by a legate. 

+LE-Ga'TO. [It] In music, directs to a close, 
smooth, gliding manner. 

LEG-A-T6R', n. One who bequeaths a legacy. 

LEG'-BaIL, n. To give leg-bail is to run away 
from custody. 

LE'gEND or LEg'END, n. An inscription; the 
words encircling a coin ; a chronicle ; fable ; in- 
credible narrative. 

Leg'END-A-RY, a. Consisting of legends; fabu- 
lous; strange. 

Leg'ER (lud'jer), n. That which lies by or at hand ; 
the book into which accounts are earned. See 
Ledgek. 

LEg-ER-DE-MaIN', n. Sleight of hand ; a trick. 

Leg'ER-LINE, n. In music, a line added to the 
staff of five lines. 

LEG'GED (legd or leg'ged), a. Having legs. 

leg'gin'g } n - A cover for the leg - 

LEg-I-BiI/I-TY, > n. The quality or state of 
Leg'I-BLE-NESSJ being legible. 
Leg'I-BLE, a. That can be read. 
LEg'1-BLY, ad. So that it can be read ; plainly. 
Le'gION (le'jun), n. A body of soldiers ; a vast 

number. 
LE'gION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to legions. 
Leg'IS-LaTE, v. i. To make laws; to enact. 
LEg-IS-La'TION, n. Act of making laws. 
Leg'IS-La-TIVE (led'jis-la-tiv), a. Law-giving; 

passing laws ; suitable to laws ; done by enacting. 
Leg'IS-La-TOR (lcd'jis-la-tor), n. A law-giver; 

one who makes laws for a state or community. 
Leg'IS-LaT-uUE (led'jis-lat-yur), n. The body 

that makes laws. 
LE-giT'I-MA-CY, n. Lawfulness ; lawful birth. 
LE-GiT'I-MATE, a. Born in lawful marriage; 

real ; following by natural or logical sequence. 
LE-giT'I-M aTE, v. t. To make lawful ; to render 

legitimate. [genuinely. 

LE-GiT'I-MATE-LY, ad. In a laAvful manner; 
LE-gIT-1-Ma'TION, n. Act of making legitimate. 
LEG'uME, n. A seed-vessel of two valves; pulse. 
LE-Gu'MI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to or consisting 

of pulse. 
LEIS'URE (le'zhur or lezh'ur), n. Freedom from 

business or occupation ; vacant time ; sometimes 

used adjectivdy. 
LEIS'URE-LY (le'zhur-ly or lezh'ur-ly), ad. In a 

deliberate manner; slowly; at leisure. 
LeM'MA, n. ; pi. Lem'mas or Lem'aia-ta. A pre- 
vious or assumed proposition. 
LEM'ON, n. An acid fruit. 
LEM-ON-aDE', n. A beverage of lemon-juice and 

water sweetened with sugar. 
+LeM'u-RE$, n. pi. [Z/.] Hobgoblins; evil spirits. 
LEND, v. t. ipret. and pp. Lent.] To grant on 

condition of receiving the thing again, or an 

equivalent ; to afford ; to furnish, as aid, &c. ; to 

permit to use for another's benefit, as one's name 

for a note. 
LEND'A-BLE, a. That may be lent. 
LEND'ER, n. One who lends, or makes a practice 

of putting money to interest. [lent. 

LEND'ING, a. The act of loaning; that which is 
LENGTH, n. Extent from end to end ; extension ; 

a portion of space, time, or distance. 
LENGTHEN (Lng'thn), v. t. To make longer; 

to extend in length ; to draw out or protract in 

duration or in pronunciation. 
LENGTHEN, v. i. To grow longer. 



LENGTH'^N-ING, n. Continuation ; protract' on. 

LENGTH'I-LY, ad. At great length or extent. 

LEXGTH'I-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing lengthy. 

LeNGTH'WISE, ad. In direction of the length. 

LeNGTH'Y, a. • Somewhat long, as a discourse. 

Le'NI-EN-CY, n. Lenity. 

Le'NI-ENT, a. Having or noting the quality of 
softness, gentleness, or mildness* n. that which 
softens; an emollient. 

LeN'I-TiVE, a. Assuasive ; easing ; softening. 

LeN'I-TiVE, n. An assuasive application. 

LeN'I-TY, n. Mildness of temper or of treat- 
ment. — Syn. Gentleness; kindness; softness; 
humanity; clemency; mercy; tenderness. 

LfiNiS (15nz), n. ; pi. Lenss'es (ISnz'ez). A piece 
of glass or other transparent substance through 
which rays of light passing are made to change 
their direction, and to magnify or diminish ob- 
jects; the crystalline humor of the eye. 

LENT, n. The time of fasting forty days. It be- 
gins at Ash-Wednesday and continues till Easter. 

L£NT'i?N (len'tn), a. Relating to Lent; used in 
Lent; sparing. 

LEN-Ti€'u-LAR, a. Resembling a lentil or lens. 

LEN'TI-FORM, a. Of the form of a lens. 

i-LEN-TI'GO, 11. [I/.] A freckly eruption on the 
skin. 

LeN'TIL, n. A plant resembling a bean, used for 
food, though inferior to it. [book. 

+L'_EN'VOY, n. [Fr.~\ A postscript introducing a 

+Le'0, n. [L.] The lion ; fifth sign of the zodiac. 

Le'O-NINE, a. Having the qualities of a lion. 
Applied also to verses having a word in the mid- 
dle which rhymes with a word at the end. [From 
Leo X.] 

LeOP'ARD (lep'ard), n. A rapacious quadruped. 

LeP'ER, «. One infected with leprosy. 

LeP'O-RTNE, a. Pertaining to the hare. 

LeP'RO-SY, n. A cutaneous disease, with dry, 
white, scurfy scales. 

LeP'ROUS, a. Affected with leprosy. 

LeP ROUS-NESS, n. State of being leprous. 

Le'SION (le'zhun), n. A hurt; wound; bruise. 

LESS, a terminating syllable of nouns and adjec- 
tives, denoting destitution. 

LeSS, \ a. Smaller ; not so great ; n. not so 

LeSS'ER,) much ; an inferior. 

LESS, ad. In a smaller degree. 

LES-SEE', n. One to whom a lease is made. 

LeSS'J?N (ISs'sn), v. t. To make less in bulk, size, 
quantity, number, or amount; to make less in 
degree, state, or quality; to bring down in dig- 
nity; v. i. to grow less in bulk, number, degree, 
dignity, &c. — Syn. To diminish ; reduce ; de- 
crease ; subside ; impair ; weaken. 

LeSS'ER, a. Smaller, as Lesser Asia. 

LES'SON (les'sn), n. A portion of a book learned, 
or to be read or learned ; instruction. 

LES'SOR, n. He who grants a lease. 

LEST, con. That not ; for fear that. 

LET, v. t. Ipret. and pp. Let.] Literally, to leave; 
hence, to give leave ; to permit ; to suffer ; to lease. 
— To let alone is to leave without intermeddling. 
To leave may also mean " allowing to remain in 
the way," and hence let formerly meant to hin- 
der, to stop. [iment. 

LET. n. A retarding ; hinderance ; delay ; imped- 

LE'THAL, a. Having or noting a drowsy, deadly 
quality; heavy; mortal. l& r gy. 

LE-TH aR'gIC, a. Producing or pertaining to leth- 

LETH'AR-gY, n. Morbid drowsiness; dullness. 

Le'THE, n. Forgetfulness; a draft of oblivion. 

LE-TH E'AN, a. Inducing sleep or oblivion. 

LE-TH1F ER-OUS, a. Promoting destruction; 
deadly. 

LET'TER, n. One who leases or lets; a printing 
type • a mark or character ; an epistle ; the verb- 
al expression or literal meaning. 

LET'TER, v. t. To stamp with letters. 



dove, wolf, dook ; kdle, bull 



k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + JS'ot English. 



LET 



252 



LIB 



LkT'TER^D, pp. or a. Stamped with letters; 
versed in literature; belonging to learning and 
education. 

LeT'TER-FOUND'ER, n. One who casts types. 

LeT'TER-ING, n. The act of impressing letters; 
the letters impressed. 

LeT'TER-PReSS, n. Letters and words im- 
pressed on paper by types. 

LeT'TERS, n. pi. Learning ; literature. 

LeT'TING, n. The putting on lease, as a farm ; 
the putting out of work by contract, &c. 

LeT'TUCE (let'tis), n. A genus of plants, used 
as salads. 

Le'VANT, a. Eastern; oriental. 

LE-VANT', n. The countries along the Mediter- 
ranean, east of Italy. 

LE- VaNT'ER, n. A strong easterly wind in the 
Mediterranean; a term for one who runs away 
from his bet in a horse-race ; hence, one who 
runs away disgracefully. 

LE-VANT'iNE or LfiV'AN-TINE, a. Pertaining 
to the Levant, or to a kind of silk cloth so 
named. 

LeV'EE, n. Literally, time of rising; hence, a 
morning assembly of visitors, but often applied 
in America to an evening assembly, as the Presi- 
dent' s levee ; an embankment. 

LeV'EL, a. Even ; smooth ; plain ; fiat ; equal in 
rank or degree, &c. 

LeV'EL, v. t. To make even; to reduce or bring 
to the same height with something else; to lay 
flat ; to reduce to equality of condition ; to point 
in taking aim. 

LeV'EL, n. A plain; a fiat surface; equal state; 
line of direction in which a weapon is aimed ; in 
mechanics, an instrument for drawing horizontal 
lines ; rule, plan or scheme. 

LeV'EL-ER, n. One who levels or destroys dis- 
tinctions. 

LeV'EL-ING, n. The act of bringing unequal 
surfaces to a level ; a reduction to an equality of 
rank ; finding an exact level or horizontal line ; 
the art of determining relative heights or differ- 
ences of level in surveying. 

LeV'EL-ING, a. Bringing to a level ; tending to 
reduce to an equality of rank. 

LeV'EL -NESS, n. Evenness; equality of surface. 

Le'VER or LEVER, n. A mechanical power; a 
bar or beam. 

LeV'ER-AgE, n. Mechanical advantage gained 
on the principle of the lever. 

LeV'ER-ET, n. A hare in its first year. 

LE-VI'A-THAN, n. A large sea-animal. 

LeV'I-GaTE, v. t. To reduce to a fine powder ; to 
make smooth ; to polish. 

LEV-I-Ga'TION, n. The act or operation of re- 
ducing to a fine impalpable powder. 

Le'ViTE, n. One of the tribe of Levi. 

LE-VIT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the Levites. 

LE-VlT'I-€US, n. The third book of the Penta- 
teuch. 

LeV'I-TY, n. Literally, want of weight in a body : 
want of due consideration or seriousness; light- 
ness. — Syn. Volatility ; fiightiness.— All these 
words relate to outward conduct. Levity springs 
from a lightness of mind which produces a dis- 
regard of the proprieties of time and place ; vol- 
atility is a degree of levity which causes the 
thoughts to fiy from one object to another, with- 
out resting on any for a moment ; fiightiness is 
volatility carried to an ext eme which often be- 
trays its subject into gross impropriety or weak- 
ness. 

LEVY, v. t. Literally, to raise ; hence, to raise by 
collecting, as troops; to raise by assessments, as 
taxes; to begin, as a war. — Syn. To collect; to 
impose. To hvy ivar is to begin war. 

LeV'Y, n. Act of raising money or troops ; the 
money or troops raised. 

LEWD (lude), a. Given to the unlawful indul- 



gence of lust; proceeding from lust. — Syn. Lust- 
ful; licentious; sensual; unchaste; impure; las- 
civious. 

LEWD'LY (lude'ly), ad. Lustfully; wantonly. 

LEWD'NESS, n. Unlawful indulgence of lust ; in 
Scripture, idolatry. — Syn. Lasciviousness ; im- 
purity; un chastity; licentiousness. 

LEX,n. [L.] Law, as lexterrce, law of the land, &c. 

LeX'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to a lexicon. 

LEX-I-€oG'RA-PHER, n. The writer of a dic- 
tionary. 

LEX-I-€0-GRaPH'I€, \ a. Pertaining to lex- 

LEX-I-€0-GRaPH'I€-AL, | icography. 

LEX-I-OoG-RA-PHY, n. The art or act of com- 
posing dictionaries or lexicons ; the composition 
or compilation of a dictionary. 

LEX-I-€6L'0-GY, n. The science of words. 

LeX'I-CON, n. A book containing an alphabetical 
vocabulary of words, with their definitions ; a 
dictionary. 

LEX-I-GRAPH'I€, a. Representing by distinct 
signs. 

LEX-iG'RA-PHY, n. The art of defining words. 

LEY. See Lye. 

LEy'DEN-JaR, \ A -/ Ar , s jn. A jar used to 

LEy'DEN-PHI'AL, / (1J an " ; ' \ accumulate elec- 
tricity. 

Ll'A-BLE, a. Exposed to something evil ; bound 
in law or equity ; responsible. — Syn. Subject. — 
Liable denotes something external which may 
befall us; subject refers to evils which arise from 
internal constitution, and are likely to do so. 
Hence the former applies more to Mhat is acci- 
dental, the latter to things from which Ave often 
or inevitably suffer. Every one, from his tem- 
perament, is subject to certain diseases, while he 
is liable to be attacked by many others. 

LI'A-BLE-NESS,) n. A state of being liable; 

Ll-A-BIL'I-TY, j responsibility; exposedness ; 
tendency. 

*Li"AI-SON (Ic'a-zong), n. LFr.~\ Bond of union ; 
illicit connection. 

Li'AR, n. One who utters falsehood to deceive. 

Li-Ba'TION, n. An offering of wine; the wine or 
other liquor poured out in honor of a deity. 

Ll'BEL, n. A defamatory writing; in law, a dec- 
laration or charge against a ship or goods for vi- 
olating the revenue laws. 

Ll'BEL, v. t. To defame by writing; to institute a 
suit in an admiralty court. 

Ll'BEL, v. i. To spread defamation, written or 
printed. 

LI'BEL-ANT, n. One who libels or brings a libel. 

Ll'BEL-ER, n. One who defames in writing. 

Li'BEL-OUS, a. Defamatory; scandalous. 

LlB'ER-AL, a. Having a large and free spirit ; not 
contracted or mean; ample; not literal or unduly 
strict, as a liberal construction ; embracing ele- 
gant culture, as the liberal arts; free to excess. — 
Syn. Generous. — Liberal is free born and gener- 
ous is high born. The former is opposed to tire 
ordinary feelings of a servile state, and implies 
largeness of spirit in giving, judging, acting, &c. 
The latter expresses that nobleness of soul which 
is peculiarly appropriate to those of high rank — 
a spirit that goes out of self, and finds its enjoy- 
ment in consulting the feelings and happiness of 
others. Generosity is measured by the extent of 
the sacrifices it makes, liberality by the warmth 
of feeling which it manifests. 

LlB'ER-AL, n. One who advocates greater free- 
dom, especially in politics. 

LiB'ER-AL-I$M, n. Liberal principles. 

LIB-ER-aL'I-TY, n. Largeness of mind ; gener- 
ous conduct, candor. 

LiB'ER-AL-IZE, v. t. To make liberal ; to free 
from narrow views. 

LiB'ER-AL-LY, ad. Generously ; freely. 

LiB'ER-aTE, v. t. To release from confinement. 

LIB-ER-a'TION, n. A setting free from restraint. 



1, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, far, last, fall, what; these, term; mak'ine, bied; move, 



LIB 



253 



LIG 



LtB'ER-a-TOR, n. One who liberates. 

LlB'ER-TiNE, n. A dissolute man ; a freed man ; 
one free from restraint. 

LlB'ER-TiNE, a. Licentious; dissolute. 

LIB'ER- TIN-ISM, n. Licentiousness of life. 

LIB'ER-TY, n. Exemption fiom restraint or com- 
pulsion; a privilege or immunity. — Syn. Free- 
dom. — These words, though often interchanged, 
are distinct in some of their applications. Lib- 
erty has reference to previous restraint, freedom 
to the simple, spontaneous exercise of our powers. 
A slave is set at liberty; his master had always 
been in a state of freedom. A prisoner under tri- 
al may ask liberty [exemption from restraint] to 
speak his sentiments with freedom [the sponta- 
neous and bold utterance of his feelings]. The lib- 
erty of the press is our great security for freedom 
of thought. 

Ll-BiDT-NOUS, a. Eager for venereal pleasures. 
— Syn. Lustful; licentious; impure; sensual; 
lee erous. [manner. 

Ll-BlD'I-NOUS-LY, ad. Lustfully; in a lustful 

Li-BiDT-NOUS-NESS, n. Inordinate desire for 
or indulgence in venereal gratification. 

tLi'BRA, n. [L.] The balance; the seventh sign 
of the zodiac. 

LT-BRa'KI-AN, n. One who has charge of a li- 
brary. 

Li'BRA-RY, n. A collection of books ; an edifice 
or apartment for a collection of books. 

LI'BRaTE, v. i. or v. t. To move as a balance; to 
hold in poise ; to balance; to swing. 

LI-BRa'TION, n. Act of balancing; equipoise; 
the apparent oscillatory motion of the moon, 
which brings into view at one time small por- 
tions of its surface not visible at another. 

LI'BRA-TO-RY, a. Moving like a balance. 

Ll'CENSE, n. Authority given to do or forbear an 
act; excess of liberty ; freedom abused ; want of 
decorum. [thorize. 

LI'O.ENSE, v. t. To permit; to grant leave; to au- 

Ll'CENS2?D, a. Permitted by authority. 

Li'CENS-ER, n. One authorized to license. 

LI'OENS-ING, ft. The act of giving a license. 

Li-CeN'TIATE, n. One who has a license to 
preach or to practice medicine, &c. 

LI-CeN'TIOUS (11-sSa'shus), a. Using freedom to 
excess; loose or impure in morals. — Syn. Profli- 
gate ; dissolute ; wanton ; loose ; immoral ; un- 
governable. 

LI-CeN'TIOUS-LY, ad. Without due restraint ; 
impurely. 

Li-UeN'TIOUS-NESS, n. Contempt of just re- 
straint ; impurity of life. 

Li'OHEN (ll'ken or lik'en), ft. A plant ; rock- 
moss ; a species of eruption or tetter. [dog. 

Ll(JK, v. t. To touch with the tongue ; to lap ; to 

LICK, n. A stroke or blow [VuLgar]; a place 
where beasts lick for salt at salt-springs. 

LiCK'ER-ISH, a. Eager to enjoy ; nice; lustful. 

LlGK'-SPiT-TLE, n. A mean or abject flatterer. 

LiG'O-RiCE (Hk'o-ris), n. A balsamic plant and 
its root ; also its extract. 

LIO'TOR, ft. A Roman officer ; a beadle. 

LID, ft. A cover for a pot, chest, &c. ; cover of the 
eye, or eye-lid. 

LIE, n. A false statement intended to deceive. 

Syn. Untruth. — A man may state what is untrue 
from ignorance or misconception, but to say he 
lies is to charge him with the highest dishonor; 
hence the word untruth is sometimes used as a 
softened expression when we do not wish to make 
the charge of lying in the grossest form. 

LIE, v. i. To utter falsehood for the sake of de- 
ceiving. 

LiE, v. i. ipret. Lay, pp. Lato.] To be at rest in a 
horizontal position ; to stay or remain ; to be sus- 
tained in law, as an action will lie; to be situated. 
— Syn. To lay. — Lay is a transitive verb, and has 
for its preterit laid, as, " He told me to lay it down, 



and I laid it down." Lie is intransitive, and has 
for its preterit lay, as, " He told me to lie down, 
and I liy down." Some persons blunder by using 
laid for the preterit of lie, as, "He told me to lie 
down, and I laid down." So persons often say, 
"The ship laid at anchor," "they laid by during 
the storm ;" " the book laid ou the shelf," &c. It 
is only necessary to remember, in all such cases, 
that laid is the preterit of lay, and not of lie. 
This would save many respectable writers from 
a gross error which seems to be increasing among 
us. 

LIEF (leef),atf. With free consent; gladly; will- 
ingly; freely. 

LlE&E (leej),«. Bound by tenure to be faithful; 
sovereign ; n. a vassal holding a fee ; a lord. 

LI'EN (lG'en or li'en), n. A legal claim to proper- 
ty_to satisfy a debt. 

LIEu (la), n. Stead; place; behalf. 

LIEu-TeN'AN-CY, > n. The office of a lieu- 

Ll Eu-TBN'ANT-SHIP,) tenant, 

LIEu-TeN'ANT (lu- or lef-t5n'ant), n. A deputy ; 
viceroy ; an officer next below a captain. 

LIEVE, ad. Gladly. See Lief. 

LiFE, n. ; pi. Lives. A state of being animated or 
living; energy; spirit; exact likeness ; history 
of life; happiness; supreme felicity; Author and 
giver of life and happiness; quickening or ani- 
mating moral principle. 

LIFE'-BoAT (-bote), n. A boat for preserving 
lives in cases of ship disasters. 

LIFE ES-TaTE', n. An estate during one's life. 

LiFE'-GIVTa'G, a. Giving or having power to 
give life. 

LIFE'-GUaRD, ft. A prince's body-guard. 

LiFE IN-SOR'ANGE, ft. A contract for paying a 
given sum after a person's death. 

LIFE'LESS, a. Void of life; destitute of spirit. — 
Syn. Dull; inanimate; dead. — In a moral sense, 
lifeless denotes a want of vital energy; inani- 
mate a want of expression as to any feeling that 
may be possessed; dull implies a torpor of soul 
which checks all mental activity; dead supposes 
a destitution of feeling. A person is said to be 
lifeless who has lost the spirits which he once 
had ; he is said to be inanimate when he is nat- 
urally wanting in spirits; one is dull from an 
original deficiency of mental power; he who is 
dead to moral sentiment is wholly bereft of the 
highest attribute of his nature. 

LiFE'LESS-LY, ad. In a dull, spiritless manner. 

LIFE'LESS-NESS, n. Dullness; heaviness. 

LiFE-PRE-SeRV'ER, n. An apparatus for pre- 
serving life in cases of shipwreck. 

LlFE'SPRlNG, n. The source of life. 

LiFE'TIME, n. The continuance of life. 

LIFT, v. i. To try to raise ; to rise up, as the fog 
lifted. 

LIFT, v. t. To raise; to elate; to bear; to exalt. 

LIFT, n. Act of lifting; rise; elevation; aid in 
lifting, and hence assistance, as give us a lift; a 
dead lift is a lift at the utmost disadvantage, au 
extreme emergency. 

LIFTING, n. The act of lifting. 

LlG'A-MENT, n. Any thing that binds; a sub- 
stance that unites bones ; bond ; chain. 

LIG-A-MeNT'AL. \ a. Belonging to or compos- 

LIG-A-MeNT'OUSJ ing a ligament. 

LI-Ga'TION, n. Act of binding or state of being 
bound ; confinement. 

LlG'A-TURE, n. A bandage; that which binds; 
a double letter, as ff ; a curved line ■** connect- 
ing notes in music. 

LiGHT (lite), n. The agent or medium of vision ; 
slate when things are visible; any thing that 
gives or procures light, as a candle, window, &c. ; 
illustration ; situation or point of view ; knowl- 
edge ; joy. 

LIGHT, a. Not heavy, burdensome, or difficult; 
and hence, not important; easy; active; gay; 



dove, wolf, book; t.uee, bull; vi cious. — o as k; <i as j ; s as z; en as bii ; this. 



Xot English. 



LIG 



254 



LIM 



trifling; not dark or obscure ; bright; and hence, 
whitish, as a light color. 

LIGHT, v. t. To kindle or set fire to ; to illumin- 
ate, often with up. 

LIGHT, v. i. To dismount or descend ; to light 
on, to settle on, as a bird does ; also to fall on or 
happen on. — Syn. To enkindle; inflame; irradi- 
ate; illumine; brighten; cheer; enliven. 

LIGHT'-XRMii'D (-armd), a. Armed with light 
weapons. 

LIGHT'BRaIN, n. An empty-headed fellow. 

LIGHT'i'N (li'tn), v. i. To flash with light; v. t. 
to make light; to illuminate; to make less bur- 
densome; to alleviate. — Syn. To lessen; facili- 
tate ; ease ; disburden ; free from ; cheer. 

LIGHT'ER, n. One that kindles; a boat for 
lightening ships of their cargo. 

LIGHT'ER-MAN, n. One who manages a lighter. 

LIGHT'-FiN G 'GER.ED, a. Dextrous in thieving. 

LIGHT'-FOOT, \ a. Nimble ; swift of foot ; 

LlGIIT'-FOOT-ED,] active. 

LIGHT'-H£AD-ED, a. Delirious ; thoughtless. 

LIGHT'-HoRSE, n. Light-armed cavalry. 

LIGHT'-HOUSE, n. A building with lights on 
the summit to direct 6eamen in navigating ships 
at night. 

LIGHT'-IN'FANT-RY, n. Active troops employ- 
ed in rapid evolutions. 

LIGHT'LY, ad. With levity ; easily. 

LIGHT'-MIND-ED, a. Unsettled in mind ; vola- 
tile. 

LIGHT'NESS, n. State of being light ; want of 
weight; freedom from clumsiness; want of fix- 
ity or steadiness. — Syn. Brightness; inconstan- 
cy ; nimbleness ; wantonness ; ease ; agility ; fa- 
cility; volatility; giddiness; instability. 

LIGHT'NING, n. A flash or discharge of electric- 
ity in the sky. 

LIGHT'NING-BuG, n. A species of fire-fly. 

LIGHT'NING-RdD, n. A metallic conductor to 
protect buildings from lightning. 

LIGHTS, 11. pi. Lungs; organs of breathing. 

LIGHT'SOME, a. Not dark; luminous; gay; 
cheering 1 

LIG-NAL'oES, n. Aloes-wood. 

LIG'NE-OUS, a. Wooden ; like wood. 

LIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of turning into 
wood. 

LlG'NI-FORM, a. Resembling wood. 

LiG'NI-Fy, v. t. or i. To convert into wood ; to 
become wood. 

LIG'NIN, n. The woody part of plants. 

LIG'NITE, n. Fossil or bituminous wood. 

*LiG'NUM Yi'TJE, n. [Z/.] Pockwood ; guaia- 
cura ; a very hard wood, used for wheels, pul- 
leys, &c. 

LIKE, a. Noting resemblance or equality. — Syn. 
Similar; alike; equal; probable. 

LIKE, n. That which is like or equal. " He had 
like to have done it" means he came very near 
doing it (i. e., had the likelihood or probability). 

LIKE, ad. In the same manner ; probably. 

LlKE, v. t. To be pleased with; to approve; to 
relish. It expresses less than delight. 

LIKE, v. i. To be pleased ; to choose. 

LIKE'LI-HOOD, n. Appearance of truth or real- 
ity; probability. 

LIKE'LY, a. Appearing true or real ; probable ; 
having good qualities ; ad. probably. 

LIK'jEN (ll'kn), v. t. To make like; to compare. 

LIKE'NESS, n. Similarity in appearance or qual- 
ities; counterpart; a picture, &c, resembling a 
person or thing. — Syn. Resemblance ; parallel ; 
analogy; portrait; effigy; representation. 

LIKE'WISE, ad. In like manner; moreover.— 
Syn. Also ; too.— Likewise (like and wise) always 
signifies (with greater or less obviousness) in 
like manner. Also (all and so) implies that what 
is thus subjoined may be said with [all] the same 
truth and propriety as that which preceded. Too 



(to) signifies that what follows may be added to 
what was said before. Hence too gives a slighter 
and more familiar connection than also, and like- 
wise a more marked one, as in the following sen- 
tence : " I may add, too, that there were also oth- 
ers present who likewise shared in the commission 
of the act." 

LIK'ING, n. Inclination ; appetency ; appearance 
of health. 

LI'LAG, n. A well-known flowering shrub. 

LIL-1-a'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. Like or peitaining 
to a lily. 

LiL'IA'D (lil'id), a. Embellished with lilies. 

LIL-I-Pu'TIAN, a. Belonging to Liliput ; dimin- 
utive ; n. one belonging to Liliput ; a very small 
person. 

LIL'Y, n. A beautiful flower of different colors. 

LIMB (lim), n. Literally, an extreme part or bor- 
der; hence, an extremity of the body ; the branch 
of a tree, being a projecting part or extremity. 
The moon's limb is its edge or border. — Syn. 
Member. — A member of the body is any part ca- 
pable of performing a distinct office, as the eye, 
ear, &c. ; a limb (as shown above) is one of the 
extremities, and hence tie term is restricted to 
the legs and arms. So, in reference to public 
bodies, we speak of their members, though an 
attorney is sometimes sportively called "a limb 
of the law." 

LIMB (lim), v. t. To supply with limbs; to dis- 
member. 

LIM'BER, a. Easily bent ; supple ; pliable. 

LIM'BER, v. t. To attach to the limbers. 

LIM'BER-NESS, n. Flexibility ; pliancy. 

LIM'BERS, n. pi. Two wheels and a shaft, with 
which cannon are drawn by horses. 

LIMB'LESS, a. Destitute of limbs. 

LiM'BO, n. A place on the border (limbus) of hell 
for the pious dead before the coming of Christ, 
or for infants dying unbaptized; also Milton's 
Paradise of Fools ; a place of restraint; apri. c on. 

LIME, n. A substance (oxyd of calcium) obtained 
by burning limestone, shells, &c, used for mor- 
tar; viscous matter, properly bird-lime; the lin- 
den-tree; an acid fruit. 

LIME, v. t. To manure with lime; to entangle 
with bird-lime ; to cement. 

LIME'-KILN (-kil), n. A kiln for burning lime. 

LlME'-SToNE, n. A calcareous stone burned for 
lime; carbonate of lime. 

LIME'-WA-TER, n. Water impregnated with 
lime. 

LIM'ING, n. The act of manuring with lime. 

LIM'IT, n. Utmost extent ; that which termin- 
ates a thing ; restriction ; pi. the liberties of a 
prison. — Syn. Boundary. — A limit, from limes, a 
landmark, is a prescribed termination ; a bound- 
ary is something which binds or hems us in. The 
former arises from the nature of the case, or from 
some established restriction; thus we speak of 
the limits of the human understanding ; a limit- 
ed monarchy, &c. The latter is a line (either 
real or imaginary) which circumscribes and re- 
strains, as the boundaries of an emjfire, of knowl- 
edge, &c. "Providence," says Johnson, "has 
fixed the limits of human enjoyment by immov- 
able boundaries." 

LlM'IT, v. t. To confine within bounds. — Syn. To 
circumscribe; restrain; restrict. 

LIM'IT-A-BLE, a. That may be bounded. 

LIM'IT-A-RY, a. Placed on the boundaries. 

LIM-IT-a'TION, n. Act of bounding; restriction. 

LIM'IT-ED, a. Narrow ; confined ; restricted. 

LlM'IT-LESS, a. Having no bounds or limits. 

LIMN (lim), v. t. To draw or paint. 

LlM'NER, n. A painter who works chiefly in wa- 
ter-colors. 

LIM'NING, n. Art of painting in water-colors. 

LIMP, n. A halting walk ; act of limping. 

LIMP, V. i. To walk lamely ; to halt. 



a, S, &c, long.— a, £, &c, short.— caee, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



LIM 



255 



LIS 



LIMP, a. Not stiff; flaccid. Limpsy is sometimes 

LiMP'ER, n. One that limps. [used. 

LiM'PET, n. A shell adhering to rocks. 

LIM'PID, a. Characterized by clearness or trans- 
parency. — Syn. Clear; transparent; pellucid; lu- 
cid; pir-e: crystal; translucent. 

LTM-PiD'I-TY, ( n. The quality of purity ; clear- 

LiM'PID-NESS,J ness; transparency. 

LIMP'ING-LY, ad. In a halting manner. 

LDI'SY^'f a - Notstiff ; flexible. 

LIM'Y, a. Containing or like lime; viscous; glu- 
tinous, [its axle. 

LIXCH'-PIX, n. An iron pin to keep a -wheel on 

LINE, n. Primarily, a slender string or cord ; 
hence, a straight extended mark ; the exterior 
limit of a figure ; a short note, as if composed of 
a single line of writing; the words or letters that 
stand on a level in one row; a row or rank of 
soldiers ; a rampart or extended work in fortifi- 
cation; the equatorial circle, as to cross the line; 
a series of generations, as a noble line of ances- 
tors ; the twelfth part of an inch ; the business of 
a man, as " That is in my line;" the regular in- 
fantry of an army, as the troops of the line. 

LINE, v. t. To put inside; to cover on the inside; 
to place alongside of, for the purpose of strength- 
ening. 

LiX'E-AgE, n. Family line or race, either ascend- 
ing or descending; genealogy. 

LiN'E-AL, a. Being in a direct line ; composed of 
lines ; allied by direct descent ; hereditary. 

LIX'E-AL-LY. ad. In a direct line. 

LiN'E-A-MENT, n. Outline; feature; form. 

LIX'E-AR, a. Pertaining to a line; slender; of 
the same breadth throughout except at the ends. 

LIX-E-a'TIOX, n. Draught; delineation. 

LiN'EN, a. Made of flax or hemp ; resembling 
linen cloth ; n. cloth of flax or hemp ; an under 
garment 

LIX'EX-DRa-PER, n. One who deals in linen. 

LTX'ER, n. A vessel of a regular line of packets. 

LING, n. A large sea-fish; a long grass; heath. 

LIXG, a Saxon termination denoting state, condi- 
tion, subject, and sometimes the young of ani- 
mals. 

LIX G 'GER (ling'ger). v. i. To remain or wait long ; 
to be slow; to be in doubt or slow to decide. — 
Syn. To delay; loiter; lag; tarry; stay; stop; 
hesitate. 

LIX G 'GER-IXG (ling'ger-), a. Protracted. 

LiX r *'GER-IXG, n. Act of loitering : tardiness. 

LiX G 'GER-IXG-LY, ad. In a slow, tedious man- 
ner ; slowly ; with delay. 

LIX G 'GO (ling'go), n. Language; speech. 

LIX g -GUA-DeXT'AL (ling-gwa-), a. Formed by 
the tongue and teeth. 

LIX G 'GUAL (ling'gwal), a. Pertaining to the 
tongue. [tongue. 

LIX -'GUI-FORM (lmg'gwe-), a. Formed like the 

LIX G 'GUIST (ling'gwist), n. A person skilled in 
languages. 

LIX G -GUiST'I€, 1 a. Pertaining to the sci- 

LIX G -GUIST'I€-AL,j ence or affinities of lan- 
guages. 

LIX'I-MENT, n. A soft ointment; a balsam. 

LiX'ING, n. The inner cover of a garment, &c. 

LlXK, n. Part of a chain ; part of a series; a torch 
of pitch. 

LINK, v. t. To connect by links ; to unite closely. 
— Syn. To join; connect; unite; complicate. 

LIXK'-BOY, n. A boy who carries a torch. 

LIX-X^E'AX, ) a. Pertaining to Linnaeus, the bot- 

LIX-Xe'AX, j" anist, or his system. 

LiX'XET. n. A singing bird of the finch family. 

ItXT'sEFD l n " Flax-seed. 

LIX'SEED OIL, n. Oil obtained by pressure from 

flax-seed. 
LIX'SEY- YYOOL'SEY, a. Made of linen and wool ; 



roi.K nooi 



rule, bull; vi cious. — € as k; 



hence, mean; of unsuitable parts; n. stuff made 
of linen and woolen. 

LIX'STOCK, n. A cannonier's staff for firing guns. 

LIXT, n. Flax, but more generally soft scrapings 
of linen, used for dressing wounds and sores. 

LIX'TEL, n. The head-piece of a door or win- 
dow frame. 

Li'OX, rc. A fierce, rapacious quadruped ; a sign 
in the zodiac ; an object of interest or curiosity. 

Li'ON-ESS, n. A female lion. 

LI'OX-iZE, v. i. To visit objects of curiosity in a 
place; to make much of a distinguished man. 

LIP, n. The border of the mouth ; edge. 

LIP, v. t. To salute with the lips ; to kiss. 

LiP'O-GRAM, n. A writing in which a particular 
letter is wholly omitted. 

Ll-PoTH'Y-MY, n. A fainting; a swoon. 

LIP'PFTcDE, n. Soreness of eyes. 

Li-Ql"A'TIOX,n. Melting; sweating out of a very 
fusible metal from an alloy by a regulated heat. 

LIQ-UE-Fa€"TIOX (Hk-we-fak'shun), n. Process 
of melting or state of being melted. [melted. 

LIQ'UE-Fl-A-BLE (lik'we-), a. That may be 

LIQ'UE-Fy (Tik'we-fv), v. t. To convert from a 
solid form to that of a liquid ; to dissolve ; to 
melt. 

LIQ'UE-Fy, v. i. To become liquid ; to be melted. 

Li-QU£S'CEX-CY, n. Aptness to melt, 

LI-QU£S'CEXT (lT-kwes'sent), a. Becoming flu- 
id ; melting. 

LIQ'UID (lik'wid), a. Fluid; flowing; not fixed 
or solid; soft; clear; smooth; pronounced with- 
out j ar. 

LiQ'UID (lik'wid), n. A fluid or flowing substance ; 
a smooth letter, as I, to, n, r. 

LIQ'UID-aTE (lik'wid-), v. t. Literally, to make 
liquid or smooth ; hence, to pay off, as debt ; to 
settle or adjust, as accounts. 

LIQ-UID-a'TIOX (lik-wid-). n. The act of ad- 
justing, as accounts, or of paving, as debts. 

LIQ-UIO'1-TY, \_ n. The quality of being liquid 

LIQ-UID-XESS, j or in a state to flow ; thinness ; 
fluency. ** 

LIQ'FOR (lik'ur), n. A liquid; strong drink. 

LIQ'UOR-ICE. See Licorice. 

LIQ'UOR-ISH. See Lickerish. 

LISP, v. i. To speak defectively, as th for s, &c. 

LISP, v. t. To pronounce with a lisp. 

LISP, n. The act of lisping; imperfect utterance, 
as of th for s, &c. 

LISP'ER. n. One that pronounces with a lisp. 

LISP'ING, n. The act of speaking with a lisp. 

LISP'IXG-LY, ad. "With a lisp. 

LIST, v. t. To enroll for service ; to inclose for 
combat; to form a border; to cover with list; v. 
i. to lean ; to enlist ; to hearken ; to attend. 

LIST, n. Originally, a long, narrow strip, as on 
the outer edge of cloth ; hence, a roll or catalogue, 
as a list of names, a list of books. In the plural, 
the lists are the lines inclosing a field of combat. 
— Sy>\ Roll; catalogue; register; inventory. — A 
list is properly a simple series of names. &c, in 
a brief form, such as might naturally be entered 
in a narrow strip of paper. A roll was originally 
a list containing the names of persons belonging 
to a public body (as Parliament, &c). which was 
rolled up and laid aside among its archives. A 
catalogue is a list of persons or things arranged in 
order, and usually containing some description 
of the same, more or less extended. A register 
(lit., a sotting downi is designed for record or 
preservation. An inventory (lit., what is found) 
is a list of articles, &c, found on hand in a store 
of goods, or in the estate of a deceased person, or 
under similar circumstances. 
LiST, n. In the language of seamen, an inclina- 
tion to one side. 
LIST'jKX (lis'sn), v. i. To hear closely or watch- 
fully; to obey Syn. To hearken; attend; give 

ear; regard. 



Xot Eivilish. 



s as z ; en as su : 



LIS 



256 



LIX 



LiST'#N-ER (iis'sn-er), n. One who listens. 

LiST'i?N-ING, n. The act of giving attention. 

LIST'ER, n. One who makes a list or roll. 

LiST'LESS, a. Not attending; not interested. — 
Syn. Indifferent ; heedless ; careless ; thought- 
less ; inattentive ; uninterested ; weary ; indo- 
lent. 

LiST'LESS-NESS, n. Indifference to what is pass- 
ing or interesting. 

LISTS, n. pi. Ground inclosed for a race, &c. 

LIT'A-NY, n. A solemn form of supplication and 
prayer. 

Li'TER, > n. LFV.] A French measure of capaci- 

*Lif'TRE, j ty about 2 1-9 wine pints. 

LIT'ER-AL, a. According to the letter; not figu- 
rative ; closely following the exact words ; not 
free, as a translation ; consisting of letters, as no- 
tation. 

LiT'ER-AL-I$M, n. Accordance with the letter. 

LlT'ER-AL-IST, n. One who adheres to the let- 
ter or exact word. 

LIT-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Original or literal meaning. 

LIT'ER-AL-LY, ad. With adherence to words. 

LiT'ER-A-RY, a. Relating to learning and let- 
ters; derived from erudition; versed in letters; 
consisting in letters. 

LIT-ER-a'Ti, n. pi. [L.] Men of learning. 

■i-LIT-ER-A'TIM, ad. Literally; letter for letter. 

LIT'ER-A-TuRE, n. Acquaintance with books. 
This word, in its widest sense, embraces all com- 
positions except those on the positive sciences, 
mathematics, &c. It is usually confined, how- 
ever, to the belles-lettres, or works of taste and 
sentiment, as poetry, eloquence, history, &c, ex- 
cluding abstract discussions and mere erudition. 
— Syn. Learning; erudition. — A man of litera- 
ture is one who is versed in the belles-lettres, as 
described above ; a man of learning excels in 
what is taught in the schools, and has a wide ex- 
tent of knowledge, especially in respect to the 
past ; a man of erudition is one who is skilled in 
the more recondite branches of learned inquiry. 

LITH'ARgE, n. A semi-vitrified oxyd of lead, 
with a scaly appearance. 

LiTHE, a. That may be easily bent ; flexible. 

LTTHE'NESS, n. The quality of pliancy. 

LlTHE'SoME (lithe'sum), a. Pliant ; limber. See 
Lithe. [der. 

LITH'IC, a. Pertaining to the stone in the blad- 

LITH'O-GRAPH, v. t. To trace letters or figures 
on stone, and transfer them to paper. 

LITH'O-GRAPH, n. A print from a drawing on 
stone. [raphy. 

LI-THoG'RA-PHER, n. One who practices lithog- 

LITH-0-GRaPH'IO, ) a. Pertaining to lithog- 

LITH-0-GRAPHT€-AL,j raphy. 

Li-TH6G'RA-PHY, n. Art of tracing letters or 
figures on stone, and transferring them to paper 
by impression. 

L\TH-0-Log'IG-AL, a. Noting the character of a 
rock in respect to its mode of aggregation. 

Li-TH6L'0-gY, n. The natural history of stones, 
especially of those found in the body. 

LITH'ON-TRIP-TOR,) n. An instrument for 

LiTH'O-TRIP-TOR, J triturating the stone in 
the bladder. 

Li-TTIOT'O-MIST, n. One who cuts for the stone. 

LI-THOT'O-MY, n. The operation of cutting for 
the stone in the bladder. 

LITH'O-TRIP-SY, n. The operation of triturating 
the stone in the bladder. 

Li-THOT'RI-TY, n. The operation of breaking 
the stone in the bladder into small pieces. 

LIT'I-GANT, n. One engaged in a lawsuit; a. 

contesting in law. 
LIT'I-GaTE, v. t. To contest in law ; v. i. to dis- 
pute by judicial process. 
LIT-I-Ga'TION, n. Contention in law. 
Li-TIg'IOUS (-tid'jus), a. Inclined to lawsuits. 
Li-Tiu'IOUS-LY, ad. In a contentious manner. 



LI-TIg'IOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to engage in 
lawsuits or judicial contests. 

LIT'MUS, n. A blue pigment formed from archil, 
a kind of lichen. [scraps. 

LlT'TER, v. t. To bring forth; to scatter with 

LiT'TER, n. Liter ally, & bed; hence, a frame- 
work with a bed for carrying the sick or wound- 
ed ; straw, &c, as a bed for horses; loose matter 
strewed in a clean place ; a birth or brood of pigs, 
kittens, &c. [utive; inconsiderable. 

LiT'TLE, a. Not large in size or extent; dimin- 

LiT'TLE, n. ,A small quantity or space ; any 
thing unimportant. 

LiT'TLE, ad. In a small degree ; not much. 

LIT'TLE-NESS, n. The quality of or noting 
smallness. 

LIT'TO-RAL, a. Belonging to a shore. 

LI-TuR'gI-GAL, a. Pertaining to a liturgy. 

LiT'UR-gY, n. A formulary of public prayers. 

LIVE, v. i. To have a settled residence in any 
place ; to abide ; to have the vital principle ; to 
pass the time or the life in a particular manner, 
as to live in ease ; to subsist, as to live on herbs ; 
to enjoy life ; to cohabit, as to live with. 

LIVE, v. t. To continue in constantly or habitual- 
ly ; to act in conformity with. 

LIVE, a. Having life; containing fire; vivid. 

LIVE'LI-HOOD, n. The means of living.— Syn. 
Maintenance; support; subsistence; sustenance. 

LTVE'LI-NESS, n. State or quality of being live- 
ly; vividness; briskness. — Syn. Gayety; anima- 
tion; vivacity.— Liveliness is an habitual feel- 
ing of life and interest; gayety refers more to a 
temporary excitement of the animal spirits; an- 
imation implies a warmth of emotion and a cor- 
responding vividness of expressing it, awakened 
by the presence of something which strongly af- 
fects the mind ; vivacity is a feeling between live- 
liness and animation, having the permanency of 
the one, and, to some extent, the warmth of the 
other. 

LIVE'LONG (liv'long), a. Long in passing. 

LiVE'LY, a. Characterized by life, vigor, activi- 
ty, and animation ; representing life. — Syn. Vig- 
orous ; quick ; smart ; spirited ; energetic ; vivid. 

LiVE'LY, ad. Briskly; with strong resemblance 
of life. 

LlVE'-oAK, n. A species of oak, very durable, 
used for ship-timber, &c. 

LIVER, n. One who lives ; an organ of the body 
which secretes bile. 

LIV'ER-Ii'D (liv'er-id), a. Wearing a livery. 

LIVER-W6RT, n. A plant of various kinds. 

LIVER- Y, n. A delivery of possession ; a garb 
for servants ; the collective body of livery-men. 

LIVER- Y-M AN, n. One who wears a livery; a 
freeman in London. 

LiV'ER-Y-STa-BLE, n. A stable where horses are 
kept for hire. [mals. 

LIVE'-STOCK, n. Cattle; horses and other ani- 

LIV'ID, a. Discolored, as flesh, by a bruise ; black 
and blue. 

LIVID-NESS, n. A livid color or state. 

LIVING, ppr. Dwelling; existing. 

LIVING, a. Continually flowing; quickening; 
native or original ; solid, as a living rock. 

LIVING, n. Means of subsistence ; a benefice ; he 
or those who are alive, usually as a jilural. 

+LIV-RAI-S6N' (liv-ra-zong'), a. [Fr.] Apart or 
a number of a book published serially. 

•frLi'VRE (li'vur or le'vur), n. [Fr.] A French mon- 
ey of account formerly used, equal to IS? cents, 
nearly. 

LIX-IVI-AL, X a. Made from lye ; impregnated 

LIX-lV'I-OUS,j with salts. 

LIX-iVI-aTE, v. t. To impregnate with salts from 
wood-ashes; to form lye. 

LIX-IVI-ATE, ) a. Pertaining to lye ; of the 

LIX-IV'I-A-TED,f quality of alkaline salts ; im- 
pregnated with salts of wood-ashes. 



A, 1, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; there, tebm ; maeine, bird; move, 



LIX 



257 



LOG 



LIX-IV-T-a'TION, n. The process of extracting 
alkaline salts from ashes, &c. 

LIX-IV'I-UM, n. A lye from ashes and water. 

LiZ'ARD, n. A genus of animals with a naked 
body and four feet. 

LLOYD'*, \a. A part of the Royal Ex- 

LLOYD'S ROOMS,) change, London, devoted 
to underwriters, insurance brokers, &c. 

Lo, ex. Look ! see ! behold ! observe ! 

LOAD (lode), n. That which is carried ; any thing 
borne with pain or difficulty, or that oppresses. — 
Syx. Weight; burden; pressure; encumbrance; 
freight; cargo; lading, &c. 

LoAD (lode), v. t. ipret. Loaded; pp. Loaded, 
Loadbn.] To burden; to freight; to charge; to 
encumber; to bestow in abundance. 

LOADING, n. A cargo; charge; burden. 

LoAD'STaR, > n. The star that leads; the pole- 

LoDE'STXR,/ star. , 

LoAD'SToNE, n. A native magnet. 

LoAF (lofe), n. ; pL Loaves. A quantity or mass 
of bread; a mass or lump of sugar; any thick 
mass. 

LoAF'ER (lofer), n. [Ger. laufen.] A low fL'llow 
who lounges about with no settled employment. 

LoAF'ING, a. Pertaining to and having tne char- 
acter of a loafer. 

LoAF'-SUG-AR, n. Sugar refined and formed 
into a conical mass. 

LOAM, n. A rich, friable earth. 

LOAM'Y (lf/my), a. Consisting of or like loam. 

LoAN (lone), n. Act of lending; the thing lent; 
something lent on condition of compensation for 
its use. 

LoAN (lone), v. t. To deliver to another for tem- 
porary use; to lend for temporary use. 

LoAN'-oF'FiCE, n. An office to receive loans of 
money for the public, pay interest, &c. 

LOATH (loth), a. Having dislike or unwilling- 
ness ; reluctant ; disliking. See Loth. 

LuATHE (lofehe), v. t. To have great disgust for; 
to regard with extreme aversion. — Sra. Abhor; 
detest, which see. [hors. 

LoATH'ER (loth'-), n. One that loathes or ab- 

LoATH'FUL (loth'-), a. Exciting abhorrence ; ab- 
horred ; hated. 

LoATHlNG (loth'-), n. Extreme aversion or dis- 
gust. 

LoATH'ING-LY (loth'-), ad. With extreme dis- 
gust. 

LoATH'SOME (loth'sum), a. Exciting great dis- 
gust. — Stn. Offensive ; nasty ; nauseous ; disgust- 
ing; repulsive; odious; hateful; sickening. 

LoAT H'SoME-NESS, n. Offensiveness ; quality 
of exciting disgust or abhorrence. 

LoAVES (lovz), n. pi. of Loaf. 

Lo BATE, ) 

Lo'Ha-TED, y a. Consisting of lobes. 

LoB7?D (lobd),) 

LoB'BY, n. An opening before a room ; a small 
hall. 

L6B'BY-MfiM-BER, n. A person who frequents 
the lobby of a house of legislation. 

LoBE, n. A part of the lungs and of the ear; a 
division of a simple leaf; a cotyledon. 

LoB'LOL-LY, n. A kind of tree; among seamen, 
spoon-victuals. Loblolly-boy, the surgeon's at- 
tendant on shipboard. 

LoB'SCOUSE, n. 'With seamen, a hash of meat 
with vegetables, &c. 

LoB'STER, n. A crustaceous fish. 

LoB'uLE (lob'yule), n. A small lobe. 

Lo'CAL, a. Pertaining or limited to a place. 

Lo'€AL-I$M, n. The state of being local; that 
which is confined to one locality. 

LO-CAL'I-TY, n. Existence in a place ; limitation 
_to a place ; situation. 

Lo'€AL-IZE, v. t. To make local. 

Lo'€aTE, v. t. To place or set in a particular 
spot ; to designate the place of. 



LO-€a'TION, n. The act of placing; situation; 
that which is located, as a tract of land. 

Lo€H (15k), n. A lake; a bay or arm of the sea. 
[Scotch.] 

LoCK, n. Fastening for a door, &c. ; part of a 
gun ; tuft or ringlet of hair; a small quantity of 
wool, &c, hanging together; works to confine 
water in a canal ; a grapple in wrestling. 

LoCK, v. t. To fasten with a lock; to impede mo- 
tion ; to confine ; to close fast ; to encircle or em- 
brace closely; to furnish with locks, as a canal; 
to seize the sword-arm of an antagonist in fenc- 
ing. 

LoCK, v. i. To become fast; to unite closely. 

LOCK'AoE, n. Materials for locks ; works for 
locks; toll on passing locks of a canal; differ- 
ence in level of locks. 

LoCK'ER, n. A drawer or close place. 

LOCK'ET, n. An ornamental lock ; a catch ; a 
little gold case, with hair in it as an ornament. 

LoCK'JAW, n. A violent contraction of the mus- 
cles of the jaw, suspending its motion. 

LoCK'SMITH, n. A maker of locks. 

LO-€0-Fo'€0, n. Name of a friction match ; an 
ultra-democrat. 

LO-€()-Fo'€0,a. Pertaining to ultra-democracy. 

LO-€0-Fo'€0-I*M, n. The principles of ultra- 
democrats. 

LO-€0-Mo'TION, n. Act of changing place ; the 
power of moving from place to place. 

LO-€0-Mo'TiVE, a. Having power to move ; 
moving from place to place. 

LO-€0-Mo'TIVE, n. A steam-engine placed on 
wheels and used on rail-roads. 

LO-CO-Mo'TIVE-NESS,) n. The power of chang- 

LO-GO-MO-TiV'I-TY, / ing place. 

+Lo'€UM Te'NENS, n. [£.] A lieutenant; a 
deputy or substitute. 

Lo'CUST, n. An insect very destructive to herb- 
age ; a species of tree, also called locust-tree, val- 
uable as durable timber. 

LoDE, n. Among miners, a metallic vein ; a cut 
_or reach_of water. 

LoDE'SToNE, n. [The original spelling prefera- 
ble to load-stone, which has no connection with 
the verb to load.] A native magnet, an ore of iron. 

L0D6E (loj), n. A small house ; a den ; a cave for 
sleeping ; a meeting of freemasons ; the place of 
their meeting. 

LoDgE, v. t. To lay or deposit for keeping, &c. ; 
to place ; to settle in the heart, &c. ; to furnish 
with a temporary abode ; to harbor ; to afford 
place to ; to throw on ; to beat down and en- 
tangle, as grain. 

LoDgE, v. i. To rest in a place or at night ; to 
dwell; to fall and be entangled. 

LoDg'ER, n. One who lives at board or hires a 
lodging at another's house; one who resides in a 
place for a time. 

LoDg'ING, n. Place of rest at night ; apartment. 

LoDg'MENT, n. Act of lodging or placing ; per- 
manent foothold ; matter lodged. 

LoFT (20), n. An elevated floor or room ; a story; 
a gallery raised within a church, &c. 

LoFT'I-LY, ad. In a lofty manner ; highly ; 
proudly; sublimely. 

LoFT'I-NESS, n. Elevation in place, position, 
rank, mien, diction, or sentiment. — Syn. Height; 
altitude; pride; haughtiness; dignity; sublim- 
ity. 

LoFT'Y, a. Elevated in place, condition, or char- 
acter; puffed up; elevated in sentiment or dic- 
tion, or in carriage and demeanor. — Syn. Tall; 
exalted; high; proud; stately; sublime; majes- 
tic; haughty. 

L6G, n. A heavy piece of unhewed wood; a ma- 
chine for measuring the rapidity of a ship's mo- 
tion; a Hebrew measure of liquids. 

LOG-A-RiTH'MIC, \ a. Pertaining to or con- 

LOG-A-RITH'MI€-AL,f sisting of logarithms. 



dove, wolf, book ; exile, bull ; vi"cious. — o as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn , this. * Not English. 

R 



LOG 



258 



LOR 



LoG'A-RITHMS, n. pi. The exponents of a se- 
ries of powers and roots. 

LoG'BOOK, n. A book to keep a ship's way from 
the log-boards. 

LoG'GER-HeAD (-hed), n. A blockhead ; a stu- 
pid fellow; a spherical mass of iron; a species 
of turtle. 

L6g'I€ (lod'jik), n. -The art of thinking and rea- 
soning justly. 

Log'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to logic ; used in logic ; 
skilled in logic ; according to the rules of logic. 

Log'I€-AL-LY, ad. By the rules of logic. 

LO-gi"CIAN (-jish'an), n. One versed in logic. 

LOG'-LINE, n. A line of about 150 fathoms to 
measure a ship's way. 

LO-GOM'A-CHIST (lo-gom'a-kist), n. One who 
contends about words. 

LO-G6M'A-€HY (-gom'a-ky), n. Contention 
about words. 

LoG'O-TYPE, n. A name given to two or more 
letters_cast in one piece, as jf, ce, &c 

LoG'-RoLL, v. t. To aid in rolling together logs 
for burning. Hence log-rolling, in politics, is to 
help each other. [ing. 

LoG' WOOD, n. A tree and its wood used for dye- 

LOIN, n. ' The reins ; the back of an animal. 

LOI'TER, v. i. To be slow in moving; to spend 
time idly. — Syn. To lag ; linger ; saunter. — Loiter 
and lag have a bad sense, denoting that a person 
is dilatory through laziness, or remains behind 
while others are advancing. One may linger or 
lengthen out his time or stay from a regret to 
leave scenes which had been dear to him. To 
saunter is the act of a mere idler, who moves 
about carelessly with no definite end or object. 

LOI'TER-ER, n. One who loiters; an idle person. 

LOI'TER-ING, n. A lingering or delay. 

LoLL, v. i. To lean idly ; to lie at ease ; to let the 
tongue hang out; v. t. to thrust out the tongue. 

LoL'LI-POP, n. Sugar confectionery which dis- 
solves easily in the mouth. 

LoNE, a. Single; solitary; standing by itself; 
unmarried. 

LONE'LI-NESS, n. Solitariness; a being alone; 
disposition to, solitude. 

LoNE'LY, ad. At a distance from company, &c. ; 
without society ; addicted to solitude. — Syn. 
Lonesome; sequestered; secluded; solitary; re- 
tired ; unfrequented. 

LoNE'SOME (lone'sum), a. Solitary. 

L6NG (20), a. Not short; extended to a great 
length; tedious; continued; lingering. 

LONG, ad. To a great extent in space or time; 
through the whole extent. 

L6NG, v. i. To desire earnestly or eagerly. 

LoNG'-BoAT, n. The largest and strongest boat 
belonging to a ship. 

LONgE (lunje), n. A thrust with a sword. See 
Lunge. 

L5N G 'GER (long'ger), a. More long or extended. 

L0N G 'GEST (long'gest), a. Most long or extended. 

L6N G 'GEST, ad. For the greatest continuance of 
time. 

LON-GE'VAL, a. Long lived ; living long. 

LON-geV'I-TY, n. Length or duration of life ; 
great length of life. 

LoNG'-HeAD-ED (-hed-ed), a. Having great ex- 
tent of thought ; sagacious. 

LON-giM'E-TRY, n. The art or practice of meas- 
uring distances or heights. 

LONG'ING, n. An earnest and continual desire. 
— Syn. Craving; hankering; yearning; coveting. 

LoNG'ING-LY, ad. With eager desire or wishes. 

LON-GiN'QUI-TY, n. Long distance. 

LOX-gI-R6S'TRAL, a. Having a long bill. 

L5NGTSH, a. Somewhat long ; moderately long. 

LON'Gl-TuDE, n. Distance of any place on the 
globe from east to west; length. 

LON-gI-Tu'DI-NAL, a. Being in the direction of 
the length; pertaining to longitude or lergth. 



LON-gI-Tu'DI-NAL-LY, ad. In the direction of 
the length. 

LoNG-PRiM'ER, n. A sort of printing type be- 
tween small pica and bourgeois. 

LoNG'-SIGHT'ED (-sl'ted), a. Able to see a great 
distance ; literally of the eyes, and figuratively of 
the mind. 

LoNG'-SiGHT'ED-NESS, n. The faculty of see- 
ing objects at a great distance ; the defect of 
sight by which remote objects may be clearly 
seen, but near ones confusedly; penetration of 
mind or judgment. [ish. 

LoNG-SuF'FER-ANCE, n. Forbearance to pun- 

L6NG-SuF'FER-ING, a. Bearing injuries pa- 
tiently. 

L6NG-SuF'FER-ING, n. Long endurance ; pa- 
tience of offense. 

LONG-WiND'ED, a. Tedious; prolix; long- 
breathed. 

LoNG'WISE, ad. In the direction of the length. 

LOO, n. A game at cards; v. t. to beat by win- 
ning every trick in the game. 

LOOK, v. i. To direct the eye; to examine; to 
"behold ; to seek for ; to appear; to have the sight 
or view of; to have a particular direction; to 
face ; v. t. to seek or search for; to influence by 
looks or presence. 

LOOK, n. Cast of countenance; the act of look- 
ing, seeing, or watching. — Syn. Sight ; aspect ; 
glance; mien; manner; view; appearance. 

LOOK'ING-GLASS, n. A mirror that reflects 
images. 

LOOK'OUT, n. A careful looking or watching for 
any object or event ; a small tower with windows 
for viewing the prospect. 

LOOM, n. A weaver' s frame. 

LOOM, v. i. To appear elevated or larger; to rise 
and be eminent. 

LOOM'ING, n. The indistinct and magnified ap- 
pearance of objects seen in particular states of 
the atmosphere. 

LOON, n. A simple fellow ; a fowl. 

LOOP, n. A noose for a rope or string; the part 
of a row or block of cast iron melted off for the 
forge or hammer. 

LOOP'HoLE, n. A hole for a string; means of 
escape. 

LOOSE, v. t. To untie; to relax; to release; to 
open ; v. i. to set sail ; to leave a port or harbor. 

LOOSE, a. Unbound; not tight or close; lax; 
wanton. 

LOOSE'LY, ad. In a loose manner; negligently; 
wantonly. 

LOOS'-EN (loo'sn), v. t. To free from confine- 
ment; to relax; to render less dense; to remove 
costiveness ; v. i. to become loose. 

LOOSE'NESS, n. Freedom from tightness; laxi- 
ty; irregularity; habitual lewdness. 

L6P, v. t. To cut short; to cut off, as exuber- 
ances; to cut partly off and bend down. 

LoP, n. A branch cut off; a flea. 

LoPE, n. A long step ; leap. 

LoPE, v. i. To leap or run with a long step. 

LoP'PER, v. i. To turn sour and coagulate from 
too long standing, as milk. 

LoP'PING, n. That which is cut off. 

L6P'SiD-ED, a. Heavier on one side than the 
other._ 

LO-QUa'CIOUS (lo-kwa'shus), a. Given to con- 
tinual_talking; talkative; gamdous, which see. 

LO-QUa'OIOUS-NESS,^ n. The habit or practice 

LO-QUAC'I-TY, j of talking continually 

or excessively. — Syn. Talkativeness; garrulity; 
babbling. 

LoRD, n. God, the Supreme Ruler ; a master ; 
husband ; tyrant ; baron ; the proprietor of a 
manor; nobleman; a title of honor. 

LoRD, v. i. To domineer; to rule haughtily. 

LoRD'LI-NESS, n. Haughtiness ; a domineering ; 
pride; dignity; high station. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, £, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what ; theke, teem ; mak'ine, LiitD ; move, 



LOR 



259 



LOX 



LORD'LING, n. A petty or little lord. 

LORD'LY, a. Becoming a lord; pertaining to a 
lord; with pride and arrogance. — Syn. Proud; 
haughty ; imperious ; overbearing ; despotic ; 
domineering; arrogant; insolent. 

LoRD'LY, ad. In a proud, imperious manner. 

LORD'SHIP, n. The state or quality of bein^ a 
lord ; a title given to a lord ; dominion, power, 
&c. ; domain ; a manor. 

LORE, n. Learning; doctrine; instruction; the 
space between the bill and the eye of a bird. 

LORG-NETTE' (lorn-y£t'), n. A small magnify- 
ing glass ; an opera-glass. 

LOR'I-€aTE, v. t. To plate or cover over. 

LOR-I-€a'TION, n. A covering with plate, &c. 

Lo'RI-OT, n. The golden oriole. 

LORN, a. Lonely ; forsaken ; forlorn. 

LOSE (looz), v. t. ipret. and pp. Lost.] To suffer 
loss; to fall; to miss; to let slip; to forfeit; to 
bewilder; to allow any thing to vanish from 
sight ; to waste, &c. ; v. i. to forfeit ahy thing in 
contest ; to decline. 

LoS'EL (loz'el), n. A wasteful, worthless fellow. 

LoS'ER (looz'er), n. One who loses or has suffer- 
ed loss. 

LoS'ING-LY, ad. In a losing manner. 

LOSS (20), n. Deprivation of what was once pos- 
sessed ; complete destruction or ruin ; useless ap- 
plication, &c. — Syn. Privation ; ruin ; detriment ; 
defeat; injury; damage; disadvantage; waste. 

LOT, n. Literally, that which falls to'us as our 
allotted portion or state ; fortune ; chance ; a die 
or other means of determining a chance; a par- 
cel, because originally assigned by lot ; pi. lots, 
great quantities. — Syn. Destiny; fate; doom; al- 
lotment; dividend; contingent. 

LOT, v. t. To appoint a share or portion ; to dis- 
tribute ; to assign. 

LoTH, a. Unwiiling; not inclined; reluctant. 

Lo'TION, n. A washing; a medicinal wash; in 
pharmacy, a preparation of medicines by wash- 
ing them to remove impurities, &c. 

LOT'TER-Y, n. A scheme for the distribution of 
prizes by chance. 

LOUD, a. Having a great sound ; high-sounding ; 
making a great noise or clamor; emphatical, as 
loud appeal. — Syn. Noisy; boisterous; vocifer- 
ous; clamorous; tumultuous; turbulent; blus- 
tering; vehement. 

LOUD'LY, ad. In a noisy, clamorous manner. 

LOUD'NESS, n. A great sound or noise. 

LOUGH (lok), n. A lake or arm of the sea. 

*LoU'IS D'oR (loo'edor), n. [Fr.] A French 
gold coii%qual to $4 44. 

LOUNGE, v. i. To spend time lazily; to recline 
at ease ; to loll ; to loiter. 

LOUNgE, n. An idle gait or stroll ; the act of re- 
clining at ease , a place for lounging ; a kind of 
settee or couch. 

LOUNg'ER, ii. A loiterer; a lazy person. 

LOUSE, ii. ; pi. Lice. An insect that infests the 
bodies of men, animals, and plants. 

LOUS'I-NESS (lou'ze-ness), n. An abounding 
with lice. [dirty. 

LOUS'Y (lou'zy), a. Swarming with lice; mean, 

LOUT, n. A low, awkward fellow. [ward. 

LOUTTSH, a. Being clownish ; clumsy ; awk- 

LOVA-BLE (luv'a-bl), a. That may be loved; 
worthy of love ; amiable. 

L6VE (luv), v. t. To regard with affection; to 
have benevolence or good will for. 

LOVE (luv), n. Literally, reaching: hence, a 
reaching forth of the mind after some object 
with a desire to possess and enjoy it, as money, 
power, Mends, &c. ; desire for the happiness of 
others (love of benevolence) ; delight in what is 
excellent in character (love of complacency) ; ob- 
ject beloved ; a term of endearment ; an imagin- 
ary deity. — Syn. Affection ; attachment; fond- 
ness; yearning. 



LOVE'-aP-PLE. See Tomato, 
LOVE'-Fa-VOR, n. Something given to be worn 

as a token of love. 
LOVE'-FkAST (luv'feest), n. A religious festival 

held quarterly by the Methodists. 
LOVE'-KNOT (liiv'not), n. A knot emblematical 

of love. 
LOVE'-Lf;T-TER (liiv'-), n. A letter of courtship. 
LOVE'LI-NESS (luv'-), n. The qualities of body 
or mind that excite love ; amiableness. 

LOVE'-LOCK (liiv'-), n. A term for a particular 
kind of curl of the hair. 

LOVE'-LORN (luv'-), a. Forsaken by one's lover. 

LOVE'LY (liiv'-), a. Suited to inspire love; wor- 
thy of love. — Syn. Amiable; pleasing; charm- 
ing; delightful; enchanting. 

LOVER (luv'-), n. One who delights in any thing; 
one who is in love. — Syn. Admirer ; follower ; 
suitor; wooer; adorer; sweetheart; flame; par- 
amour. 

LOVE'-SICK, a. Languishing with amorous de- 
sire. 

LOVE'-SfjIT (liiv'-), n. Solicitation in marriage. 

LOVE'-To-KFN (Kiv'-to-kn), n. A present in 
token of love. 

LOVING, a. Expressing love or kindness: en- 
tertaining strong affection for. — Syn. Fond ; kind ; 
affectionate; tender; amorous. 

LOV'ING-KIND'NESS (luv'-), n. Tender regard ; 
mercy; favor. 

LOYTNG-LY (luv'-), ad. Fondly; with affection. 

LOVING-NESS (luv'-), n. Affectionate tender- 
ness. 

LOW (16), a. Deep ; weak ; poor ; mean ; cheap. 

LoW (16), ad. With a low voice ; meanly ; cheap- 
ly; in a state of subjection, poverty, or disgrace. 

LoW (15), v. i. To bellow, as an ox or cow. 

LOV-BRfiD, a. Bred in low condition; vulgar; 
gross; rude. 

LOWER (16'er), v. t. To cause to descend ; to let 
down ; to suffer to sink ; to bring down in rank, 
feelings, or in value; v. i. to fall; to sink; to 
grow less. — Syn. To reduce; lessen; diminish; 
humble; degrade; abase; cheapen. 

LOWER (lou'er), n. Cloudiness; gloominess; 
frowning; sullenness. 

LOWER (lou'er), v. i. To appear dark, gloomy, 
and threatening ; to frown. 

LOW'ER-€aSE (16'er-), n. Among printers, the 
case which contains the small letters; hence, the 
small letters. [ily. 

LO W'ER-ING-LY (louTer-), ad. Cloudily; gloom- 

LoWER-MoST, a. Lowest ; being under all. 

LOWER-Y (lou'er-), a. Cloudy; threatening 
jain. [tie. 

LoWING (lo'-), n. The bellowing or cry of cat- 

LoW-LAND (15'-), n. Land low and flat; some- 
times it denotes a marsh. 

LoW'LI-NESS ,16'-), n. Freedom from pride; 
humbleness. 

LoW'LY (lo'ly), a. Having a low esteem of one's 
own worth ; free from pride ; wanting dignity or 
rank; not lofty. — Syn. Humble; meek; modest. 

LoW'LY (lo'ly), ad. Not highly ; humbly ; meek- 
ly, [base; mean. 

LoW-MiND-ED, a. Having debased Jeeling; 

LoW'NESS (16'-), n. Want of elevation; a state 
of poverty ; depression in fortune, price, or 
worth ; graveness or softness of sound, &c. — 
Syn. Meanness; baseness; vileness. 

LOW-PRkSS-URE, a. Denoting a steam-engine 
which uses low .'•team or a condenser. 

LOW'-SPiR-IT-ED (15-), a. Void of spirit ; cast 
down. 

LOW-WA-TER, n. The lowest point of the ebb 
or receding tide. 

LoW-WINES (16'-), n. pi. The first run of the 
still. 

LOX-O-DR0M'I€, a. Pertaining to oblique sail- 
ing by the rhomb. 



dove, wolf, book ; RULE, bull ; yi"cious. — o as k ; g as j ; $ as z ; ch as 6H ; this. + Not English. 



LOX 



260 



LUN 



LOX-0-DR5M'I€S, n. pi. The act of oblique sail- 
ing by the rhomb. 

LOY'AL, a. Faithful to a sovereign or superior ; 
true to one's duty. — Syn. Devoted; attached; 
obedient ; trustworthy. 

LOY'AL-IST, n. One faithful to his king. 

LOY'AL-LY, ad. With fidelity to the king, or to 
a husband or lover ; faithfully. 

LOY'AL-TY, n. Fidelity to a king or consort. 

LoZ'ENgE, n. A figure having acute angles at 
top and bottom, and obtuse ones on the side, for- 
merly called a diamond ; hence brilliants in this 
shape ; hence, also, a piece of confectionery orig- 
inally in this shape, but now commonly round. 

LuB'BER, n. A lazy, sturdy fellow ; a clown. 

LuB'BER-LY, a. Bulky and lazy ; clumsy. 

Lu'BRIC, a. Having a smooth surface ; wavering. 

Lu'BRI-CANT, n. That which makes slippery. 

Lu'BRI-€aTE, v. L To make slippery or smooth. 

LU-BRICl-TY (lu-bris'e-ty), n. The quality of 
smoothness; slipperiness ; propensity to lewd- 
ness. 

Lu'BRI-€OUS, a. Slippery; wavering; wanton. 

LU-BRI-FAC'TION, t n. Act of lubricating or 

LU-BRI-FI-€a'TION,J making smooth. 

Lu'CENT, a. Having brightness; shining; bright; 
lucid. 

Lu'CERN, n. A plant, a species of trefoil, cultiva- 
ted for fodder. 

LU-CeR'NAL, a. Pertaining to a lamp or lantern. 

Lu'CID (28), a. Literally, shining with light; 
hence, perspicuous, as a lucid statement; not 
darkened by delirium, as a lucid interval. — Syn. 
Bright ; clear ; transparent ; luminous, which see. 

Lu'CID-NESS, n. Brightness; clearness. 

Lu'CI-FER, n. The planet Venus ; Satan. 

Lu'GI-FER, ) n. A match tipped with 

Lu'CI-FER-MaTCH, J some combustible sub- 
stance, as phosphorus, &c, ignited by friction. 

LU-CiF'ER-OUS,} a. Affording light; giving 

LU-CiF'IC, j light. 

Lu'CI-FORM (lu'se-), a. Having the form or na- 
ture of light. 

LuCK, n. That which happens to a person; an 
event, good or ill, affecting one's interest or hap- 
* piness, deemed casual. — Syn. Chance; accident; 
hap ; fortune. 

LuCK'1-LY, ad. By good chance ; fortunately. 

LuCK'LESS, a. Unfortunate; having ill success ; 
unhappy ; producing ill, or no good. 

LuCK'Y, a. Meeting with good success ; produc- 
ing good by chance. — Syn. Fortunate ; success- 
ful ; favorable ; prosperous ; auspicious. 

Lu'GRA-TfVE, a. Profitable; gainful. 

Lu'€RE (lu'ker), n. Gain in money or goods; 
profit; advantage. 

Lu'CU-BRaTE, v. i. To study by candle-light or 
by night. 

Lu-€U-BRa'TION, n. Study by the lamp ; noc- 
turnal study ; composition by lamp-light or in re- 
tirement, [ous. 

Lu'CU-LENT, a. Clear ; bright ; certain ; lumin- 

Lu'DI-CROUS, a. Adapted to excite laughter.— 
Syn. Laughable; ridiculous. — We speak of a 
thing as ludicrous when it tends to produce 
laughter; as laughable when the impression is 
stronger, resulting in a hearty laugh ; as ridicu- 
lous when contempt is more or less mingled with 
the merriment created. His stories were highly 
ludicrous, representing his friends, some in a 
laughable, and some in a ridiculous point of 
view. 
Lu'DI-€ROUS-LY, ad. Sportively; in burlesque. 

Lu'DI-CROUS-NESS, n. The quality of exciting 

laughter without contempt. 
Lu'eS (lu'ez), n. Poison; pestilence; plague. 
LuFF, n. Weather-gage, or part toward the wind ; 

or the sailing of a ship close to the wind. 
LuFF, v. i. To turn the head of a ship toward the 
wind ; to sail nearer the wind. 



LuG, v. t. To pull or carry with labor. 

LuG, n. A heavy load ; a small fish. 

LuG'GAgE, n. Baggage; a traveler's trunks, 
packages, &c. ; that which is cumbersome. 

LuG'GER, n. A vessel with three masts and a lug 
sail, with a running bowsprit. 

LU-Gu'BRI-OUS, a. Mournful; sorrowful. 

LuKE'WARM, a. Moderately warm; not zeal- 
ous. — Syn. Tepid; cool; indifferent. 

LuKE'WARM-LY, ad. With indifference. 

LuKE'WARM-NESS, n. A mild or moderate 
heat ; want of zeal ; indifference ; coldness. 

LuLL, v. t. To put to rest; to compose to sleep. 

LuLL, v. i. To subside ; to cease ; to become calm. 

LuLL, n. Power of soothing ; a season of calm, &c, 
as of wind. 

LuLL'A-By, n. A song to quiet infants; that 
which quiets or composes. 

LuM, n. The chimney of a cottage. 

LUM-Bag'I-NOUS (-baj'e-nus), a. Pertaining to 
lumbago. 

LUM-Ba'GO, n. A rheumatic affection of the 
muscles about the loins. 

LuM'BAR, a. Pertaining to the loins. 

LuM'BER, n. Useless furniture ; sawed or split 
timber. 

LuM'BER, v.t. To heap carelessly together; to 
fill with lumber, &c. ; v. i. to move heavily ; to 
cut lumber in the forest and forward it to market. 

LuM'BER-ER, \ n. One engaged in getting 

LCM'BER-MAN,f lumber from the forest. 

LuM'BER-ING, n. The act or employment of 
getting out lumber. 

LuM'BER-ROOM, n. A place for useless things. 

LuM'BRIC, n. A worm. 

LuM'BRIC-AL, a. Resembling a worm. 

Lu'MI-NA-RY, n. Any orb or body that gives 
light; any one who illustrates a subject or en- 
lightens mankind. 

LU-MI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. Affording light. 

LU-MI-N6S'I-TY, V n. The quality of being 

Lu'MI-NOUS-NESS,i bright or clear; perspi- 
cuity. 

Lu'MI-NOUS, a. Emitting light ; full of light ; 
refulgent; shining. — Syn. Lucid. — A thing is lu- 
cid (from lux, lucis) when pervaded by light, as a 
lucid stream ; it is luminous (from lumen, lumi- 
nis) when it sends forth light to surrounding ob- 
jects, as a luminous body. Hence, we speak of 
an argument as lucid when it is remarkably clear, 
and as luminous when it pours upon a subject the 
mingled light of reasoning and illustration. 

Lu'MI-NOUS-LY, ad. With brightness or clear- 
ness; perspicuously; lucidly. 

LuMP, n. A mass of matter ; a cluster ; in the 
lump, the whole together ; in gross. 

LuMP, v. t. To throw into a mass ; to unite or 
take in the gross. 

LCMP'ING, a. Heavy ; in a mass or lump. 

LuMP'ISH, a. Heavy; dull; like a lump. 

LuMPTSH-LY, ad. In a heavy manner, heavi- 
ly; stupidly. 

LuMP'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of heaviness ; 
dullness. 

LuMP'Y, a. Abounding with lumps. 

Lu'NA-CY, n. Derangement once supposed to be' 
affected by the moon; madness in general. — Syn. 
Insanity; mania; craziness; derangement. 

Lu'NAR, \ a. Pertaining to the moon ; meas- 

Lu'NA-RY,j ured by the moon ; resembling the 
moon. 

Lu'NAR CAUS'TIC, n. Fused nitrate of silver. 

LUNAR Cy'CLE, n. The period after which the 
new moons return the same days of the year. 

LU-Na'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of the moon. 

Lu'NAR MONTH (-munth),n. The time in which 
the moonj;ompletes a revolution about the earth. 

Lu'NAR YEAR, n. The period of 12 lunar months 
or about 354 1-3 days. 

Lu'Na-TED, a. Formed like a half moon. 



1, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — caee, far, last, fall, what; tiieke, teem; maei'ne, bieb; move, 



LUN 



2C1 



LYR 



Lu'NA-TI€, a. Affected by a species of insanity. 

Lu'NA-TIC, n. A person whose insanity was sup- 
posed to be influenced by the moon ; a mailman. 

LU-N a'TION, n. A revolution of the moon. 

LUNCH, n. A slight repast between breakfast and 
dinner; an eating-house. 

LuNCH, v. i. To take a lunch. 

LGNCH'EON (lfinch'un), n. A portion of food ta- 

. ken at any time between meals. 

LuNE, n. Any thing in shape of a half moon; a 
leash. 

LU-XkT", n. A little moon or satellite. 

LU-NETTE',n. The name of small works on each 
side of a ravelin to strengthen it ; a flattened 
watch-crystal ; a small window in a concave 
ceiling. 

LuNG, n. One of the two organs of respiration. 

LONgE, n. A sudden push or thrust with a sword ; 
a thrust made by stepping forward and extend- 
ing the arm. Also written allonge. 

Lu'NT-FORM, a. Resembling the moon. 

LU-NI-So'LAR, a. Compounded of the revolu- 
tions of the sun and moon. 

LuNT, n. A match-cord to fire cannon. 

Lu'NU-LAR, \ a. Shaped like a crescent or new 

Lu'NU-LATEJ moon. 

Lu'PER-€AL, n. ; pi. Ltj-per-ca'li-a. A feast in 
honor of Pan ; a. pertaining to the Lupercalia. 

Lu'PINE, 11. A kind of pulse. 

Lu'Pu-LIN, n. The fine yellow powder of hops; 
the bitter principle of hops. 

LuRCH, n. A sudden roll of a ship ; forlorn state. 

LuRCH, v. ?'. To roll suddenly to one side ; to 
withdraw to one side ; to lie in ambush. 

LuRCH, v. t. To defeat; to evade; to disappoint. 

LuRCH'ER, n. One that lurks; a dog; a glutton. 

LuRE, v. t. To entice; to attract; to invite. 

LORE, n. Something held out to call a hawk ; 
hence, any enticement ; that which allures. 

Lu'RID, a. Ghastly pale; gloomy; dismaL 

LuRK, v. i. To lie in wait; to lie close or hid; to 
keep out of sight. 

LuRK'ER, n. One who lies secreted. 

LuRK'ING-PLaCE, n. A secret place in which 
one lies hid ; a den. 

LuR'RY, n. A confused, inarticulate sound or ut- 
terance. 

LuS'CIOUS (liish'us), a. Sweet or rich, so as to 
cloy or nauseate ; delicious; pleasing. 

LuS'CIOUS-NESS (liish'us-), a. Great sweetness. 

LuSH, a. Full of juice. 

Lu'SI-AD, n. The epic poem of Camoens. 

LU-SI-Ta'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Portugal. 

Lu'SO-RY, a. Used in play ; playful ; sportive. 

LuST, n. Longing desire ; carnal appetite ; eager- 
ness to possess or enjoy; depraved affections and 
desires. 

LuST, v. i. To desire eagerly ; to have irregular 
desires. 

LuS'TER,) n. Brightness: brilliancy; splendor; 

LuS'TRE,/ renown; a candlestick w^th pendants 
of glass. 

LuST'FUL,a. Having irregular desires ; inciting 
to lust.' — Syn. Sensual; fleshly; carnal; licen- 
tious; lewd; unchaste; libidinous; lecherous. 

LuST'FUL-LY, ad. With lust ; lewdly. 

LuST'FU L-NESS, a. Lustful desire. 

LuST'I-LY, ad. Stoutly ; boldly ; with courage. 

LuST'I-NESS, n. Stoutness; sturdiness; vigor of 
body; robustness. 

LuST'ING, n. Act of inordinate desire. 

LuS'TRAL, a. Used in purification or pertaining 
to it. 

LuS'TRaTE, v. t. To cleanse ; to purify ; to 
survey. 

LUS-TRa'TION, n. Purification ; a surveying. 

Lf'S'TRING, n. A species of glossy silk cloth. 

LuS'TROUS, a. Bright; glossy; shining. 

LuS'TRUM, n. In ancient Home, a period of five 
years. 



LuST'Y, a. Able of body ; full of health and vig- 
or; full sized; copious; hearty, as a draught. — 
Syn. Robust; stout; strong; sturdy; vigorous. 

+Lu'SUS NA-Tu'R^E, n. [Z/.J Sport or freak of 
nature; a deformed production. 

LuT'AN-IST, n. One that plays on a lute. 

LU-Ta'RI-OUS, a. Pertaining to mud ; of the 
color of mud. 

LU-Ta'TION, n. Act of luting vessels. 

LuTE (28), n. A stringed instrument of music. 

LuTE, [n. A composition of soft clay and oth- 

LuT'ING,f er substances for coating vessels ex- 
posed to the fire, and to make the joints air-tight. 

LuTE, v. t. To coat with lute or luting. 

Lu'TE-OUS, a. Noting a brownish yellow or clay 
^olor. 

LuTE'STRING, n. The string of a lute; a plain, 
jstout silk. See Lustring. 

Lu'THER-AN, a. Pertaining to Luther. 

Lu'THER-AN, n. A follower or disciple of Luther. 

Lu'THER-AN-I$M, n. The doctrines of Luther. 

Lu'THERN, n. A window over a cornice; dor- 
mer. 

Lu'ToSE, a. Miry; covered with clav. 

Lu'TU-LENT, a. Muddy; turbid: thick. 

LuX'aTE, v. t. To put out of joint. 

LUX-a'TION (luks-a'shun), n. Dislocation of a 
joint. 

LUX-u'RI-ANCE, \ 11. Rank growth; exuberance; 

LUX-u'RI-AN-CY,j superfluous growth. 

LUX-u'RI-ANT (x like gz), a. Exuberant in 
growth; noting a flower that so multiplies the 
covers of the fructification as to destroy its es- 
sential parts. 

LUX-u'RI-ANT-LY, ad. With exuberant growth. 

LUX-u'RI-aTE, v. i. To grow to excess; to feed 
or live luxuriously; to expatiate with delight. 

LUX-u'RI-OUS (x like gz), a. Indulging freely 
the gratification of the appetite, or in expensive 
dress, &c. ; administering to free indulgence in 
dress, diet, &c. ; abounding with luxuries ; soft- 
ening by pleasure ; given to the gratification of 
lust. — Syn. Voluptuous; epicurean: effeminate; 
sensual; libidinous. [ciously. 

LUX-u'RI-OUS-LY, ad. Voluptuously; deli- 

LUX-u'RI-OUS-NESS, n. A state of abounding 
with luxuries, or of living in luxury. 

LOX'u-RIST, n. One given to luxury. 

LuX'u-RY (luk'shu-ry), n. Excess in eating or 
dress, &c. ; that which gratifies a nice appetite ; 
any thing delightful to the senses ; lewd desire. 
— Syn. Voluptuousness; epicurism; effeminacy; 
sensuality; daintiness; delicacy. 

Ly-€aN'THRO-PY, n. A kind of insanity in 
which the patient imagines himself a wolf. 

LY-CE'UM, ii. In Greece, a place where Aristotle 
taught ; a place appropriated to instruction by 
lectures and disquisitions ; a literary association. 

L¥D'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Lydia or its people ; 
hence soft ; effeminate ; noting a soft, slow music. 

LT'E (ID, n. Water impregnated with alkaline salts. 

Ly'ING, a. Addicted to falsehood ; n. the prac- 
tice of telling lies. 

Ly'ING-iN, a. Being in child-birth. 

LYMPH (limf), n. A colorless fluid in animal 
bodies. 

LfMPH'ATE, \a. Frightened into madness; 

LYMPH'a-TED, f raving. 

LYM-PHaT'I€ (lim-fat'ik), a. Pertaining to 
lymph. 

LYM-PHAT'1€, \ n. A vessel of animal bodies 

L?MPH'E-DU€T.j which conveys lymph. 

L?N'CE-AN, a. Pertaining to the lynx. 

LTNCH, v. t. To inflict punishment without the 
forms of law, as by a mob. 

LT'XCH'-LAW, n. The practice of punishing men 
for crime by private, unauthorized persons, with- 
out a legal trial. [ed. 

LYNX, n. An animal of the cat kind, sharp-sight- 

Ly'RA, n. The lyre, a northern constellation. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vi"cious.- 



g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + Not English. 



LYR 



262 



MAG 



T y'R ATI*" J 

Lv'Ra-TED l a ' Divided into several jags. 
LyRE, n. A stringed instrument of music. 
L¥R'I€, 1 a. Pertaining to a lyre or harp ; n. 
L5R'I€-AL,J a composer of lyric poems; a lyric 

poem. 
LYR'I-CISM, n. A lyric composition. 
Ly'RIST, n. One who plays on the harp. 



M. 

"]\/r is a liquid consonant, formed by a compression 

- L '- L of the lips. Its sound is uniform, as in man. 

M stands for a thousand ; also for noon ; in medi- 
cine, for mix. 

MAB, n. Queen of the fairies; a slattern. 

M.v€, in Scotch and Irish names, a son. 

MAG-AD'AM-IZE, v. t. To cover a road with small 
or broken stones. 

MA€-A-Ro'Ni, n. An edible paste drawn out in 
-Jong, hollow tubes ; a finical fellow ; a medley. 

MA€-A-R6N'I€, a. Like macaroni or a medley. 
Macaronic verses, poetry in which English is jum- 
bled up with Latin or Greek words or termina- 
tions. 

MA- -CAW', n. A kind of large, beautiful parrots. 

MA€'€0-BOY, n. A kind of snuff. 

MaCE, n. An ensign of authority; a spice. 

Ma(JE'-BEAR-ER (-bar-er)J n. An officer who 

Ma'CER, _ f carries a mace. 

MAC'ER-aTE, v. t. To make lean ; to mortify; to 
steep to_softness. 

MAC-ER-a'TION, n. The act or process of reduc- 
ing to leanness or softness; mortification. 

MA€H-I-A-VkL'IAN (niak-e-a-veTyan), a. Con- 
sisting in cunning. 

MA€H'I-A-VEL-ISM, n. Political cunning. 

MAOH'I-NAL (mak'e-nal), a. Pertaining to ma- 
chines. 

Ma€H'I-NaTE (mak'-), v. t. To plot; to scheme ; 
to contrive. 

Ma€H-I-Na'TION (mak-e-nii'shun), n. An evil 
purpose formed with deliberation. — Syn. Plot; 
contrivance ; sti'atagem ; intrigue ; maneuver. 

MA-cHi'NE' (ma-sheen'), n. An instrument for ap- 
plying force or producing motion; particularly 
a complex structure in which the several parts 
unite to produce given results ; an engine. 

MA-CHI'N'ER-Y (ma-sheen'er-y), n. The compo- 
nent parts of a complex machine ; machines col- 
lectively ; supernatural agency in a poem. 

MA-cHi'N'IST (ma-sheen'ist), n. A constructor of 
machines. 

MACK'ER-EL, n. A spotted fish; a pander or 
pimp. 

MaCK'ER-EL-BaCK SKy, ) n. A sky in which 

MACK'ER-EL SKY, j the clouds are 

broken up into fleecy masses. 

MACK'IN-TOSH, n. A water-proof overcoat. 
[From the name of the inventor.] 

MACK'LE, n. A blur in printing so that part of 
the impression of a page appears double. 

MA-CRoM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measur- 
ing objects that are inaccessible. 

MAC-TA'TION, n. The killing of a victim for 
sacrifice. 

MAG'u-LA, n. ; pi. Ma«'u-l& [L.] A spot, as on 
the skin, on the sun, &c. 

Ma€'u-LaTE, v. t. To spot ; a. spotted. 

MAC-u-La'TION, n. Act of spotting ; a stain. 

MAD, a. Disordered in intellect; inflamed with 
rage ; filled with passionate desire ; springing 
from insanity or infatuation. — Syn. Deranged ; 
delirious ; crazy ; insane ; frenzie 1 ; furious ; an- 
gry; raging; exasperated. 

MAD'AM, 7i. A complimentary title given chiefly 
to married or elderly ladies. 

MAD'CAP, n. A madman ; a wild person. 



MAD'D.EN (mad'dn), v. t. To make mad ; v. i. to 
become mad. 

MAD'DER, n. A plant whose root is much used 
in dyeing red. 

MaDE, pret. and pp. of Make. 

MAD'E-Fy, v. t. To render wet; to moisten. 

MA-DEI'RA (ma-da'ra), n. A wine made in Ma- 
deira. 

*MAD-EM-OI-SeLLE (mad-em-wa-zSl'), n. LFY.} 
Miss ; a young woman or her title. 

MAD'-HOUSE, n. A house for deranged persons. 

MAD'LY, ad., In a furious manner; foolishly; 
wildly. 

MAD' MAN, n. A man raging with insanity ; one 
impelled by extravagant passion. 

MAD'NESS, n. A state of disordered intellect in 
which one raves ; headlong passion ; rashness ; 
subversion of reason. — Syn. Distraction; deliri- 
um ; lunacy ; rage ; fury ; insanity, which see. 

MA-DoN'NA, n. lit.] The Virgin Mary or her 
picture. 

MAD'RE-PoRE, n. A genus of corals branching 
like trees and shrubs. 

MAD'RI-GAL, n. A little amorous or pastoral 
poem. 

MaEL'STROM (mal'strom), n. A celebrated whirl- 
pool on the coast of Norway. 

+Ma-ES-To'SO. lit.] With grandeur; a term in 
music. 

MAG-A-ZiNE' (-zeen'), n. A store or store-house ; 
in ships of war, | close room in the hold for gun- 
powder ; a periodical publication in pamphlet 
form. 

MAG'DA-LEN, n. A reformed prostitute. 

MAG'GOT, n. A grub or worm ; the fly-worm ; a 
whim. 

MAG'GOT-Y, a. Abounding with maggots ; 
whimsical ; hence, maggoty-headed. 

Ma'gi, n. pi. Wise men ; Eastern philosophers. 

Ma'gI-AN, n., An Eastern philosopher. 

Ma'gI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Magi. 

Ma'61-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of the Magi. 

MA6'I€, n. The art and science of putting into 
action the power of spirits or the secret opera- 
tions of natural causes; sorcery; enchantment. 
Magic-lantern, an optical instrument which, by 
a lamp and transparent figures, exhibits in a 

, darkened room magnified figures or images. 

MA6'I€, \ a. Performed by magic ; used in 

MAg'I€-AL,J magic. 

MAg'I€-AL-LY, ad. By the rules of magic. 

MA-gi"(JIAN (-jis'h'an), n. One skilled in magic; 
one who practices the black art; an enchanter. 

MA-GiLP', n. Linseed oil and mastic varnish, 
used by artists as a vehicle for colors. 

MAg-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Literally, belonging to a 
master, and hence to a magistrate, as a magiste- 
rial act; authoritative. — Syn. Dogmatical; ar- 
rogant. — One who is magisterial assumes the air 
of a master toward his pupils; one who is dog- 
matical lays down his positions in a tone of au- 
thority or dictation ; one who is arrogant insults 
others by an undue assumption of superiority. 
Those who have long been teachers sometimes 
acquire, unconsciously, a manner which borders 
too much on the magisterial, and which may be 
unjustly construed as dogmatical or even arro- 
gant, [pride. 

MAg-IS-Te'RI-AL-LY, ad. With overbearing 

MAG'IS-TRA-CY, n. The office of a magistrate ; 
the body of magistrates. 

MAg'IS-TRaTE, n. One invested with executive 
power or supreme authority; a subordinate offi- 
cer, as justice of the peace, &c. 

MAG'NA CHAR'TA (-kiir'ta), n. The great chart- 
er of English rights, obtained from King John 
by the English barons in 1215. 

MAG-NA-NiM'I-TY, n. Greatness of mind.— Syn. 
Generosity. — In generosity there is more of heart, 
in magnanimity more of soul. The former is the 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



MAG 



263 



MAK 



virtue of an individual, the Latter of one who is 
elevated by station or influence. Magnanimity 
is shown not only by giving, but by enduring — by 
sacrificing one's feelings and interests, or yield- 
ing up one's claims for the accomplishment of 
some noble object. " Strike, but hear me!" has, 
in like circumstances, been the response of mag- 
nanimity in every age. 

MAG-XaX'I-MOUS, a. Great in mind; brave; 
disinterested ; liberal. 

MAG-XAXT-MOUS-LY, ad. In a noble manner; 
with a brave spirit. 

MaG'NATE, n. A person of rank or distinction. 

MAG-NE'$IA (mag-ne'zhea), n. A white, alkaline 
earth, used as a purgative. 

MAGp-NE'SIAN, a. Pertaining to, containing, or 
resembling magnesia. 

M aG'N ET, n. The lodestone ; an ore of iron which 
attracts iron, and imparts to it polarity ; steel 
having magnetic properties. 

MAG-XeT'IC, \ a. Having the properties of 

MAG-NBT'I€-AL,j the magnet. 

MAG-NkT'IO BaT'TER-Y, n. : A series of simple 
magnets so united as to act in concert. 

MAG-XeT'IC NEE'DLE, n. A magnetized nee- 
dle or small iron rod turning on a pivot for de- 
termining the points of the compass. 

MAG-NeT'I€S, n. pi. Science of magnetism. 

MaG'NET-ISM, n. That branch of science which 
treats of the properties of the magnet. 

MaG'XET-iZE, v. t. To impart the properties of 
the magnet ; v. i. to acquire the properties of the 
magnet. [izes. 

MaG'XET-TZ-ER, n. He or that which magnet- 

MAG-n1f?€-AL \ a - Great ; noble '' illustrious - 

+MAG-XiF'I-€AT, n. [L.] A term applied to the 
song of the Virgin Mary. 

MAG-XiF'I-CEXCE, n. Grandeur of appearance ; 
splendor of show or state. — Syn. Pomp; great- 
ness; nobleness; display. 

MAG-XiF'I-CEXT, a. Grand in appearance. — 
Syn. Splendid; gorgeous; brilliant; sumptuous; 
imposing; grand, which see. [didly. 

MAG-XiFT-CEXT-LY, ad. Pompously; splen- 

MAG'XI-Fi-ER, n. One who extols ; a glass that 
enlarges objects to the sight. 

MaG'XI-Fy, v. t. To make great; to raise in es- 
timation. — Syn. To enlarge; amplify; exagger- 
ate ; extol ; praise. 

MAG-XiL'O-QUEXCE, n. A lofty manner of 
speaking; tumid, pompous words or style. 

MAG-XlL'O-QUEXT, a. Speaking pompously. 

MaG'XT-TuDE, n. Greatness of size or import- 
ance. — Syn. Largeness ; bulk ; amplitude ; vol- 
ume ; importance. 

MAG-Xo'LI-A, n. A Soiithern tree bearing beau- 
tiful flowers. 

MaG'PiE, n. A chattering bird. 

MAG'UEY, n. A Mexican aloe, valuable for paper, 
cordage, &c. 

MA-H6G'A-XY, n. A hard wood used for cabinet- 
work. 

MA-HoM'E-TAX. See Mohammedan. 

MaID, n. A young unmarried woman. 

MaID'JvX (ma'dn), n. A young unmarried wom- 
an ; an instrument for beheading criminals. 

MaID'UN, a. Belonging to a young unmarried 
woman ; virgin. Maiden speech, the first speech of 
a new member before a public assembly. Maiden 
Assize, an assize in which no one is criminally 
convicted or punished. 
MaID'J£X-HeAD.\ lrn -r, . \n. State of being 
MaID'-EX-HOOD, j (ma a ; ' \ a maid; virgini- 
ty; freshness; uncontaminated state. 
MaID'J?N-LIKE (ma'dn-), a. Like a maid; 

modest. 
IIaID'jE?N-LY (ma'dn-), a. Being modest; tim- 
orous; bashful. 
MaID'-SeRV-AXT, 7i. A female servant. 



MaIL, n. Primarily, net-work; hence, net-work 
of steel and other defenses for the body; armor. 
Also (Fr. malle, bag) a bag or case for conveying 
letters, &c, by post; postal conveyance; a car- 
riage for conveying the mail. 
MaI L, v. t. To arm with mail ; to sort and put 

up letters for transmission in the mail. 
MaIL'A-BLE, a. Usually admitted or proper to 

be admitted into the mail. 
MaIL'-€oACH,T n. A stage or coach that con- 
MaIL'-STagE, ) veys the mail. 
MaILuBD (maid), a. In zoology, protected by an 
external coat or covering of scales, &c. ; spotted ; 
speckled. 
MaIM, v. t. To disable a limb ; to deprive of 
a necessary part. — Syn. To cripple; mutilate; 
mangle. 
MaIM, n. [Written in law language, mayhem.] 

The disabling of a limb ; crippling; injury. 
MAIN, a. First in size, rank, importance ; having 
the most power in producing an effect. — Syn. 
Leading ; cardinal ; capital ; chief ; principal ; 
important. 
MaIN, a. Strength ; force ; the gross ; the ocean ; 

the continent, as opposed to an isle. 
MaIX'-DeCK, n. The deck next below the spar- 
deck in frigates, &c. 
MaIX'-LaXD, n. Continent ; the principal land. 
MaIX'LY, ad. Chiefly; principally. 
MaIX'-MaST, n. The principal mast of a ship. 
MaIX'-PRiZE, n. A writ to the sheriff, directing 
deliverance of a prisoner on security ; deliverance 
of a prisoner. 
MaIN'SaIL,to. The principal sail in a ship. 
MAIX-TaIX ', v. t. Literally, to hold up by force 
of hand, that is, with firmness and constancy ; 
hence, to keep up, not suffer to fail, as a watch 
or guard; to continue, not allow to cease, as a 
conversation ; to support or pay the expense of, 
as a family; to uphold by assertion or argu- 
ment, as to maintain one's right or cause. — Syn. 
To keep up; carry on; hold to; preserve ; per- 
sist in ; assert ; affirm ; vindicate ; defend ; sus- 
tain. 
MAIX-TaIX'A-BLE, a. That maybe maintained. 
MaIX'TE-XAXCE, n. Support ; means of sup- 
port ; security from failure or decline. 
MaIX'-T6P, n. The top of the main-mast of a 
ship or brig. [Indian corn. 

MaIZE (maze), n. The native corn of America; 
MA-J£S'TI€, a. Marked by grandeur of appear- 
ance or thought. — Syn. August ; imperial ; regal ; 
lofty ; grand ; noble ; dignified. 
MA-JeS'TTC-AL-LY, ad. With majesty. 
MaJ'ES-TY, 7i. The height of grandeur in ap- 
pearance, thought, &c. ; the title of a monarch. — 
Syn. Splendor ; nobleness ; dignity ; loftiness ; 
sublimity ; glory. 
Ma'JOR, a. Greater in number, quantity, ex- 
tent, or dignity ; elder; superior. 
Ma'JOR, n. A military officer next- above a cap- 
tain ; the first proposition of a regular svllogism. 
Ma'JOR-Do'MO, 77. [Z,.] A master of a house, or 

steward. 
Ma'JOR-geX'ER-AL, 77. A military officer who 

commands a division. 
MA-JoR'I-TY, ?7. The greater number ; more 
than half: full age; rank of a major. — Syn. Plu- 
rality. — In elections, he has a. plurality ^ho has 
more votes than any other candidate ; he has a 
majority who has more than half the votes given 
for all the candidates. 
MA-JuS'€U-LJE, n. pi. [I,.] Capital letters, in 

which Latin manuscripts were once written. 
MaKE, v. t. ipret. and pp. Hade.] Primarily, to 
cause to be or to do; hence, to create, produce, 
bring about, arrive at, constitute, compose, &c, 
as, " Let us make man ;" to make a machine, war, 
sport, friendship, &c. ; to make a port ; to make 
one a judge; to compel, as to make one submit. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi 'cious. — € as k ; u as j ; s as z ; en as sn , this. + Xot English. 



MAK 



261 



MAM 



&c. ; v. i. primarily, to act or operate in a given 
way; as, to make for one's advantage; the tide 
makes fast, &c. 

MaKE, n. Form, structure, or texture of any 
tiling ; constitution of parts in a body. 

MaKE'BaTE, n. One who stirs up contention. 

MaKE'-PeACE, n. One who reconciles parties. 

MaK'ER, n. The Creator ; he who makes, forms, 
or creates ; a manufacturer. 

MaKE'-WEIGHT (-wate), n. That which is 
thrown into the scale to make weight. 

MaK'ING, n. Act of forming ; workmanship. 

MAL, prefixed to compound words, denotes evil. 

MAL-A-€0L'O-gY, n. The science of the struc- 
ture and habits of soft animals or mollusca. 

MAL-AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, n. Bad manage- 
ment of affairs. 

MAL-A-DROIT', a. Wanting in dexterity ; awk- 
ward. 

MAL'A-DY, n. Literally, an ill state; a settled 
bodily ailment ; applied figuratively to the mind. 
— Syn. Disorder; complaint; disease, which see. 

MAL'A-GA, n. A kind of wine from Malaga. 

MaL'A-PERT, a. Saucy or quick with impudence ; 
forward ; n. a saucy fellow. 

MaL'A-PeRT-NESS, n. Impudent pertness. 

*MAL-AP-RO-PoS' (mal-ap-pro-poO, a. In an un- 
suitable manner ; unseasonably. 

MA-La'RI-A, n. Exhalation or state of air tend- 
ing to produce disease. 

MA-La'-RI-OUS, a. Pertaining to or affected by 
malaria. [parts. 

MaL-CON-FORM-a'TION, n. Disproportion of 

MaL'€ON-TENT, a. Discontented with an exist- 
ing government; dissatisfied. 

MAL'€ON-TENT, n. One who is dissatisfied with 
the laws or their administration. 

MaLE,«. Belonging to the male sex, and applied 
to animals of all kinds. 

MaLE, n. Among animals, one of the sex that 
begets young; a he-animal. In botany, a plant 
which produces stamens only. In mechanics, the 
screw whose threads enter the grooves of the cor- 
responding screw. 

MAL-E-Dr€'TION,n. Abusive language ; denun- 
ciation of evil. — Syn. Curse; imprecation; exe- 
cration. — Malediction is the most general term, 
denoting bitter reproach or wishes and predictions 
of evil. Curse implies the desire or threat of evil, 
declared upon oath or in the most solemn manner. 
Imprecation (from imprecof) is literally the pray- 
ing doini of evil upon a person. Execration (e 
sacris excludere) is literally a putting under the 
ban of excommunication, a curse which excludes 
from the kingdom of God. In ordinary usage, 
the last three words describe profane swearing, 
execration being the strongest. 

MAL-E-FAC'TOR, n. One guilty of a crime; 
felon; convict. 

MA-LeV'O-LENCE, ft. Literally, a wishing of 
evil ; pleasure in seeing others unhappy. — Syn. 
Ill-will ; animosity ; hatred ; bitterness ; spite ; 
gall ; spleen ; heart-burning. See Malice. 
MA-LeV'O-LENT, a. Noting pleasure in the suf- 
ferings of others. — Syn. Evil-minded ; spiteful ; 
bitter ; rancorous. 
MA-LeV'O-LENT-LY, ad. With ill-will or spite. 
MAL-FeA'SANCE (-fe'zance), n. Evil doing; an 
act which one has no right to do, or has contract- 
ed not to do. 
MAL-FORM-a'TION, n. Irregular formation. 
Ma'LIC, a. The malic acid is one obtained from 

the juice of apples. 
MaL'iCE, n. A disposition to injure others with- 
out cause; extreme malevolence. — Syn. Malevo 
lence ; malignity. — There is the same difference 
between malevolence and mah'ee as between wish- 
es and intentions. A malevolent man desires to 
see others unhappy, and rejoices when they are 
so ; a malicious man is habitually bent upon in 



juring others without cause. Malignity goes fur- 
ther ; it is not only bent on evil, but loves it for 
its own sake. One who is malignant must bo 
both malevolent and malicious; but a man may 
be malicious without being malignant. 

MA-Li"CIOUS (ma-lish'us), a. Harboring ex- 
treme enmity ; proceeding from hatred ; dictated 
by malice. — Syn. Ill-disposed ; evil-minded ; en- 
vious; resentful; bitter; malevolent; spiteful. 

MA-Li"CIOUS-LY (ma-lish'us-ly), ad. With in- 
tention to do harm. 

MA-LIGN' (ma-line'), a. Bitterly hostile ; fatal, as 
by some occult influence. 

MA-LIGN', v. t. To injure or defame maliciously. 
— Syn. To traduce; slander; calumniate; as- 
perse ; lampoon. 

MA-LIG'NAN-CY, n. Bitter hostility ; virulence. 

MA-LiG'NANT, a. Having extreme malice; ex- 
erting a pernicious influence; dangerous to life; 
heinous; virulent. — Syn. Bitter; rancorous; spite- 
ful ; malicious, which see. 

MA-LiG'NANT, n. One badly disposed ; applied 
to the Puritans as a term of reproach by their 
enemies. [bly. 

MA-LIG'NANT-LY, ad. Maliciously; unfavora- 

MA-LIGN'EE (ma-lin'er), n. One who maliciously 
defames or injures. 

MA-LIG'NI-TY, n. Extreme enmity; deep-root- 
ed spite ; destructive tendency ; virulence. — Syn. 
Rancor ; venom ; bitterness ; rankling ; gall ; 
malice. Lively. 

MA-LIGN'LY (-line'-), ad. Maliciously ; destruct- 

MA-LiN G '6ER (ma-ling'ger), v. i. Among soldiers, 
to feign illness. 

MAL'I-SON (mal'e-zn), a. Malediction. 

MALL, n. A large wooden beetle. 

MALL (mawl), v. t. To beat with something heavy. 

MaLL (mal), n. A public walk ; a level, shady 
walk. Pall Mall is pronounced Pell Moll. 

MaL'LARD, n. A species of wild duck ; a drake. 

MAL-LE-A-BiL'I-TY, a. Susceptibility of exten- 
sion by beating. 

MaL'LE-A-BLE, a. That can be drawn out and 
extended by beating. 

MaL'LE-aTE, v. t. To hammer; to draw into a 
plate or leaf by beating. 

MAL-LE-a'TION, n. The act of beating into a 
plate or leaf; extension by beating. 

MaL'LET, n. A wooden hammer, or instiument 
for beating or for driving pins, chisels, &c. 

MAL'LoW, \ n. A plant whose fruit is a de- 

MaL'LoWS,J pressed disk; called sometimes a 
cheese. 

MXLM'SEY (mam'zy), n. A sort of grape, and 
also a sweet wine. 

MAL-PRaC'TiCE, n. Evil practice; illegal or 
immoral conduct. 

MALT, n. Grain, especially barley, steeped in wa- 
ter till it germinates, and then dried; v. t. to 
make into malt ; v. i. to become malt. 

MALT'-LiQ'UOR (mawlt'-lik'er), n. Liquor Avith 
an infusion of malt. 

MAL-TREAT', v. t. To treat rudely or abusively. 

MAL-TREAT'MENT, n. Ill treatment : abuse. 

MALT'STER, n. One who makes malt. 

+Ma'LUM IN Se. [Z,.] An evil in itself, as dis- 
tinguished from malum prohibitum. 

+Ma'LUM PRO-HIB'I-TUM. [Z.] That which 
is wrong because forbidden by law. 

MAL-VER-SA'TION, n. Evil conduct or fraud, 
especially in office. 

^ii'ifv t ft- A familiar word for mother. 
MAM-MA , j 

MaM'A-LuKE,\ n. A name given to a class of 

MaM'E-LuKE, J soldiers in Egypt, now extinct. 

MaM'MAL, w. ; pi. Mam'mals. In zoology, an an- 
imal that suckles its young. 

MAM-Ma'LI-A, n. pi. A class of animals which 
suckle their young. 

MAM-Ma'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to the mammalia. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what ; theee, teem ; mae'ine, bied ; move, 



MAM 



265 



MAN 



MAM-MAL'O-gY, n. Science of mammiferous an- 
imals. 

MAM'MA-RY, a. Relating to the breast or paps. 

MAM'MI-FER, n. An animal that has breasts for 
nourishing her young. 

MAM-MiF'ER-OUS, a. Nourishing young by 
breasts. 

MAM'MI-FORM, a. Having the shape of paps. 

MAM'MIL-LA-RY, a. Belonging to the paps; in 
mineralogy., studded with pap-like protuberances. 

MAM'MON, n. The god of wealth ; riches ; money. 

MAM'MON-IST, n. One who dotes on riches. 

M aM'MOTH, n. A huge quadruped, now extinct. 

MAN, n. ; pi. Men. Mankind ; the human race ; 
a male individual of the human race, of adult 
growth or years ; a servant ; a word of familiar 
address ; one who is master of mental powers ; a 
husband ; a movable piece at chess or draughts. 

MAN, v. t. To furnish with men ; to fortify. 

MAN'A-CLE, v. t. To shackle the hands. 

MAN'A-€Li?$ (man'a-klz), n.pl. Chains for the 
hands; shackles,. 

MAN'AgE, v. t. To carry on the concerns of; to 
tame or train; to move or use as desired; to 
make subservient; to treat or govern with ad- 
dress, &c. — Syn. To direct; control; wield; or- 
der ; contrive ; conduct ; transact ; govern ; v. i. 
to conduct affairs. 

MAN'AGE. See Manege. 

MAN'AgE-A-BLE, a. Easy to be used, directed, 
or moved ; that may be controlled or made sub- 
servient. — Syn. Tamable ; controllable ; docile ; 
governable ; tractable. 

MAN'AGE-A-BLE-NESS, n. Tractableness. 

MAN'AgE-MENT, ii. Manner of treating, direct- 
ing, or carrying on ; cunning practice ; a course 
directed by art, design, or prudence. — Syn. Gov- 
ernment ; administration ; direction ; charge ; 
conduct; treatment; dealing; practice. 

MAN'A-gER, 11. One who conducts; a frugal per- 
son. 

MAN'A6E-RY, 11. Conduct; husbandry. 

MAN-A-TEE',) n. The sea-cow, a cetaceous, her- 

MAN-A-Ti' j bivorous mammal. 

MANCH-I-NEEL', n. A tree of the West Indies, 
possessing poisonous properties. 

MAN'CI-PATE, v. t. To enslave; to bind. 

MAN-CI-Pa'TION, n. Slavery ; servitude. 

MAN'CFPLE, n. A steward or undertaker. 

MAN-Da'MUS, n. In law, a writ from a superior 
court directing an individual, corporation, or in- 
ferior court to perform some specified act. 

MAN-DA-RiN' (-reen'), n. A Chinese governor or 
magistrate ; court language of China. 

MaN DA-TA-RY,T n. One to whom business is 

MAN'DA-TO-RY,J intrusted; one to whom a 
charge is given. 

MAN'DaTE, n. An order ; command ; commission. 

MAN'DA-TO-RY, a. Commanding; enjoining. 

MAN'DI-BLE, n. The jaw, as of a fowl or insect. 

MAN-DiB'u-LAR, a. Belonging to the jaw. 

MAN'DRaKE, ii. The name of several species of 
plants. 

MAN'DREL, n. A turner's instrument for holding 
the work in the lathe. 

MAN'D U-CXTE, v. t. To chew ; to eat. 

MAX-DU-Ca'TION, n. Act of chewing or eating. 

MaNE, n. The long hair on the neck of a beast. 

MaNUD (in and), a. Having a mane. 

+MAN-EGE' (ma-nazh' or man'ej), n. [2<V.] The 
art of horsemanship or of training horses; a 
school for teaching horsemanship. 

♦Ma'NES, n. pi. A departed spirit; ghost or 
shade ; with ancient pagans, the infernal deities. 

MA-NEuWER, \ n. Change of position; evolu- 

MA-N(Eu'VRE,j tion; dextrous management. 

MA-NEuWER, \ v. t. To change position; to 

MA-NCEu'VRE, j manage with address. 

MA-NHO'VER-ER,) n. One who manages with 

MA-NCEu'VRER, j stratagem or address. 



,) n. Change of position 
J management. 



MA-NEO'VER-ING, 
MA-N<EEf'VRING, 

MAN'FCL, a. Having the spirit and bearing of a 
man; resolute. — Syn. Bold; brave; stout; coura- 
geous ; daring. See Manly. 

MAN'FUL-LY, ad. Boldly; courageously; hon- 
orably! 

MAN g 'GA-Ne$E', 7i. A hard, brittle metal, of a 
grayish-white color and granular texture, with 
great affinity for oxygen, and not easily fused. 

MaNgE. n. The scab or itch on cattle. 

MAN^'GEL-WGR'ZEL (mang'gl-wiir'zl), n. A 
plant or root of the beet kind. 

MaN'gER, ii. A trough or box in which cattle are 
fed ; in ahips, an inclosure across the decks with- 
in the hawse-holes to exclude water. 

MaN'gI-NESS, n. Scabbiness of beasts. 

MAN G 'GLE (mang'gl), v. t. To cut or tear in 
pieces ; to smooth linen ; to take by piecemeal. 

MAN G 'GLE, n. A calender to smooth cloth. 

MAN G 'GLER (mang'gler), n. One who tears in 
cutting or mangles; one who uses a mangle. 

MAN G 'GO (mang'go), n. A fruit of the East pick- 
led ; a pickled musk-melon. 

MAN G 'GO-STAN, \ n. An East Indian tree and 

MAN G 'GO-STEEN,i its fruit, which is very 
juicy and delicious. 

MAN G 'GRoVE, n. A West and East Indian tree, 
lining the shores with dense groves to the waters 
edge. 

MaNg'Y, a. Scabby ; infected with the mange. 

MAN-HA_'DEN. See Menhaden. 

MAN'-HaT-ER, n. A misanthrope. 

MAN'-HuLE, n. A hole through which a man 
may creep into a drain, &c, to clean it. 

MAN'HOOD, ii. State of adult years in men ; vi- 
rility ;' human nature ; the qualities of a man, as 
courage; bravery; resolution. 

Ma'NI-A, n. Madness; raging inclination. 

Ma'NI-A A Po'TO, n. Madness from drinking; 
the delirium tremens. 

^r"t xi'l€-A.L ( a ' Macl; raving with madness. 

Ma'NI-AC, n. A madman; one raving with mad- 
ness or with disordered intellect. 

MAN-I-€He'AN (-ke'an), a. Pertaining to the 
Manichees or to their peculiar doctrines. 

MAN'I-CIIEE, \ n. One who believed in two 

MAN-I-€Hk'AN,J supreme eternal principles, 
good and evil. 

MAN'1-CHE-ISM, n. Doctrines of the Manichees. 

MAN'I-GHORD, \ n. An instrument like a spin- 

MAN-I-€6RD'ON,f net, whose strings are cov- 
ered with pieces of cloth to soften the sound. 

MAN'I-FEST, a. Clearly visible; presented strong- 
ly to the eye or the understanding. — Syn. Clear; 
plain ; obvious ; evident. — What is clear can be 
seen in all its bearings; what is plain can be seen 
by any man without study or reflection ; what 
is obvious lies directly in our way, and must be 
seen by every one ; what is evident is seen for- 
cibly, and leaves no hesitation on the mind ; 
what is manifest is evident in a very high de- 
gree, striking upon the mind at once with over- 
powering conviction. 

MAN'I-FEST, v. t. To make to appear; to make 
public or show plainly; to exhibit more clearly 
to view ; to put into a manifest, as to manifest 
goods. — Syn. To reveal; declare; evince; dis- 
close ; discover ; display. 

MAN'I-FEST. ii. An invoice of a cargo of goods, 
to be exhibited at the custom-house. 

MAN-1-FES-Ta'TION, n. The act of disclosing 
what is secret, unseen, or obscure ; making 
known to the eye or mind ; exhibition of a thing 
by clear evidence, &c. — Syn. Revelation; publi- 
cation ; display ; disclosure ; discovery ; exhibi- 
tion. 

MAN-I-FeST'I-BLE, a. That may be manifested. 

MAN'I-FEST-LY, ad. Clearly; evidently. 



dove, wolf, book ; rule, bdll ; vi cious. — o as k ; u as j ; $ as z ; en as sn ; this. 



Not English. 



MAN 



266 



MAR 



AN-I-FeS'TOJ n. A public declaration of the 
AN'I-FEST, f head of a government. 



MAN 

MAN 

MAN'I-FoLD, a.' Of diverse kinds ; many in num 
ber; repeated; complicated; exhibited in vari- 
ous ways or at divers times. 

MAN'I-FoLD-LY, ad. In diverse ways. 

MAN'I-KIN, n. A little man ; a male child ; an 
artificial anatomical preparation of pasteboard, 
plaster, &c, exhibiting all parts of the body. 

Ma'NI-0€, n. Name of a tropical plant from 
which cassava and tapioca are prepared. 

MAN'I-PLE, n. A handful; band of soldiers; a 
fanon or scarf worn by Roman Catholic priests. 

MA-NIP'u-LAR, a. Pertaining to a hand. 

MA-NIP'u-LaTE, v. t. To treat, work, or labor 
with the hands ; to handle. 

MA-NIP-u-La'TION, n. Manual operation; in 
chemistry, the preparing substances for experi- 
ments; in pharmacy, the preparation of drugs; 
motions used to produce the mesmeric state. 

MAN-KIND', n. The race or species of human be- 
ings; a. resembling man, not woman. 

MaN'LESS, a. Having no men; unmanned. 

MAN'LiKU, a. Becoming a man. 

MAN'LI-NESS, n. The quality of bravery ; bold- 
ness; dignity. 

MAN'LY, a. Becoming a man; relating to the 
character, dignity, or age of a man. — Syn. Man- 
ful. — Manful refers to vigor and resolution as at- 
tributes of our race, and is opposed to weak or 
cowardly ; manly has reference to maturity of 
years or elevation of spirit, and is opposed to pu- 
erile or mean. Hence we speak of a manful en- 
durance of evil, and of manly conduct or deport- 
ment. 

MAN'NA, n. The food of the Israelites in the 
wilderness ; the juice of a tree, used as a mild 
laxative medicine. 

MAN'NER, n. Way of performing or executing; 
habitual practice ; kind, as of fruits ; certain de- 
gree or measure ; mien or cast of look ; way of 
woi - ship ; distinct mode ; in painting, peculiar 
way of managing colors, lights, and shadows, &c. 
— Syn. Form ; custom ; habit ; fashion ; air ; 
method, which see. 

MaN'NER-ISM, n. Uniformity of manner. 

MAN'NER-IST, n. An artist who works in one 
unvaried manner. 

MAN'NER-LY, a. Decent in external deportment ; 
civil ; complaisant ; well-behaved. 

MAN'NERS, n. pi. Deportment; course of life, 
ceremonious; behavior; decent and respectful 
conduct. 

MAN'NISH, a Like a man ; bold ; masculine. 

MA-NCEu'VRE. See Maneuver. 

MAN-OF-WAR', n. A government vessel employ- 
ed for war. 

MaN'OR, n. A lord's estate in lands. [manor. 

MAN'OR-HOUSE, n. The house belonging to the 

MA-No'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a manor. 

MANSE, n. A parsonage house ; a farm. 

MAN'SION (man'shun), n. The house of a lord of 
the manor ; a large dwelling-house ; place of 
abode. 

MAN'SION-A-RY, a. Being resident. 

MAN'-SLAUGH-TER (-slaw-), n. The unlawful 
killing of a person, usually from sudden heat or 
excitement, but without malice express or im- 
plied. 

MAN'-STeAL-ER, n. A kidnapper ; one who 
steals and sells men. 

MAN'SUE-TuDE (man'swe-tude), n. The quality 
of mildness; gentleness. 

MaN'TEL,) n. The piece of timber or stone over 

MAN'TLE,]" the fire-place, resting on the jambs. 
This is also called mantel-tree, mantel-shelf, 
mantel-piece. 

MAN'TEL-ET,T n. A woman's short cloak ; a 

MANT'LET, f 
pent-house. 



kind of movable parapet; a 



MAN'TIS, n. An insect called the praying man- 
tis or prophet, from the position assumed by the 
forelegs. 

MAN'TLE, n. A loose garment or cloak; a cover. 

MAN'TLE, v. t. To cloak; to cover; to disguise; 
to form a cover ; to crimson the face, as a blush ; 
v. i. to expand ; to diffuse ; to spread. 

MaN'TU-A (man'tu-a or man'tu), n. [i*V.] A la- 
dy's gown or dress. 

MAN'TUA-MaK-ER (man'tu-mak-er), n. A dress- 
maker for ladies. 

MAN'u-AL (man'yu-al), a. Performed by the 
hand ; used by the hand. 

MAN'u-AL, n. A small book, as a manual of laws ; 
service-book of the Roman Catholic Church. 

MaN'u-AL eX'ER-CISE, n. The exercise of sol- 
diers with their arms. 

MAN-u-Du€'TION, n. Guidance by the hand. 

MAN-u-FAC'TO-RY, n. A building or place where 
good_s are made. [taring. 

MAN-u-FAC'TO-RY, a. Employed in manufac- 

MAN-u-FA€T'uR-AL, a. Pertaining to manu- 
factures. 

MAN-u-FaCT'uRE (man-yu-fakt'yur), n. The re- 
ducing of raw material into form for use; any 
thing made by the hand or art. 

MAN-u-FaCT'uRE, v. t. To make by the hand or 
by art; to work up raw materials into forms for 
use;_v. i. to be occupied in manufactures. 

MAN-u-Fa€T'uR-ER, n. A maker; an artificer; 
one who employs workmen for manufacturing. 

MAN-u-MiS'SION (man-yu-mish'un), n. The act 
of freeing slaves. 

MAN-u-MiT', v. t. To release from slavery; to 
liberate from bondage. 

MA-NuR'A-BLE, a. That may be cultivated, or 
enriched by manure. 

MA-NuRE', n. Any thing that fertilizes land. 

MA-NuRE', v. t. To apply fertilizing substances 
to land ; to enrich with manure. 

MA-NuR'ING, n. A dressing or spread of manure 
on land. 

MaN'u-SCRIPT, n. A paper or book written by 
hand ; a. written with the hand ; not printed. 

MAN'-WOR-SHIP (-wur-ship), n. The worship 
of man ; undue respect paid to a man. 

MA'NY (men'ny), a. Comprising a great number 
of individuals ; preceded by too, powerful or 
much. — Syn. Numerous ; multiplied ; frequent. 

MA'NY (mun'ny), n. A great number. 

MAP, n. A delineation of the earth or a part of it. 

Ma'PLE, n. The name of a tree of several species. 

Ma'PLE-SUG'AR (-shug'ar), n. Sugar obtained 
by evaporation from the juice of the rock maple. 

MAP'PING, n. The act or art of drawing maps. 

MaR, v. t. To hurt; to impair; to injure; to de- 

MXR, n. A blot; an injury. [face. 

MAR-A-NX'THA^w. A Syriac word used in Jew- 
ish forms of anathematizing for gross offenses. 

MAR-AS-€H'l'NO (-ke'no), n. A delicate spirit 
distilled from cherries. 

MA-RA$'MUS, n. A wasting of flesh without fe- 
ver or apparent disease. 

MA-RAUD', v. i. To rove in quest of plunder ; to 
plunder. 

MA-RAUD'ER, n. A roving plunderer. 

MAR-A-Ve'Di, n. A small copper coin of Spain, 
equal to one third of a cent. 

MaR'BLE, n. Calcareous stone, used for busts, 
pillars, monuments, &c, and for lime; a little 
ball of marble or other hard substance used by 
children at play ; a stone remarkable for some in- 
scription or sculpture. 

MaR'BLE, v. t. To vein or stain like marble. 

MaR'BLE, a. Made of marble; stained or veined 
to resemble clouded marble ; ^hard ; insensible. 

MaR'BLE-eDg.ED (-ejd), a. Having the edges 
marbled, as the leaves of a book. 

MaR'BLE-IZE, v. t. To make an artificial stone 
like marble. Marbleized iron is iron covered 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, fas, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



MAR 



2G7 



MAR 



over with a composition colored and veined like 
marble. 

MXR'BLING, n. The art or practice of variegat- 
ing in color in imitation of marble ; mixture of 
fat and lean meat, to give it a marbled appear- 
ance. 

MXR-CeS'CENT, a. Withering; decaying. 

MXR-CES'SI-BLE, a. Liable to wither or fade. 

MaRCH, n. A movement of troops ; a procession ; 
a deliberate walk ; advance ; progression ; a sig- 
nal to move ; a piece of music to march by. 

MaRCH, n. The third month of the year. 

MaRCH, v. t. To cause to move, as an army, or 
in regular progression ; v. i. to move in military 
order and manner; to walk in a grave, stately 
manner. 

MXRCH'ES, n. pi. Borders; confines. 

MXRCH'ING, n. Military movement; passage 
of troops. 

MXR'cHIoN-ESS (miir'shun-ess), n. The wife or 
widow of a marquis. 

MXR'CID, a. Lean; poor; withered. 

MXR-ClD'I-TY, n. Leanness; a wasting away. 

MARE, n. The female of the horse kind. 

*MXRE'ScHAL (mlir'shal), n. iFr.~\ A chief com- 
mander of an army. See Marshal. 

MARE'S NeST, n. To find a mare's nest is to 
chuckle over some absurd or ridiculous discov- 
ery. 

MXR'gIX, n. That which bounds or borders any 
thing ; the edge of a leaf of a book or of a 
wound; in botany, the edge of a leaf. — Syn. Edge; 
border ; brim ; side ; verge ; brink ; rim. 

MXR'gIN, v. t. To form a border; to border; to 
enter in a margin. 

MaR'gIN-AL, a. Pertaining to a margin ; insert- 
ed in the margin. 

MXR'gIN-ATE, ) a. Having a prominent mar- 

MXR'gIN-a-TED,J gin. 

MaR'GRaVE, n. A title of nobility in Germany. 

MXR-GRa'VI-ATE, n. The territory of a mar- 
grave, [grave. 

MXR'GRA-ViNE (-veen), n. The wife of a mar- 

MA-Rig'E-NOUS, a. Produced in the sea. 

MAR'I-GoLD, n. A plant bearing. a yellow flower. 

MA-R1'NE' (-reen'), a. Pertaining to the sea ; done 
on the sea ; doing duty on the sea. See Mari- 
time. 

MA-Ri'NE", n. A soldier doing duty in a ship ; the 
navy ; naval affairs. 

MAR'I-NER, n. One who pursues a seafaring life ; 
a seaman ; a sailor. 

MAR'ISH, n. A moor; fen; swamp; watery 
ground; now written marsh. 

MAR'I-TAL, a. Pertaining to a husband. 

MaR'I-TiME, a. Near or adjoining to the sea ; con- 
nected in interest with the sea. — Syn. Marine. — 
Maritime (from maritimus) denotes, primarily, 
"bordering on the sea," as a maritime town, 
coast, nation, &c. ; and secondarily, "belonging 
to those who border on the sea," as maritime 
laws, rights, pursuits, &c. Marine (from mari- 
nus) denotes, primarily, " of or pertaining to the 
sea," as a marine shell, marine productions, &c. ; 
and secondarily, "transacted at sea," as marine 
service; or "doing duty on the sea," as marine 
forces, &c. Hence, also, marines are soldiers who 
do service in ships ; the marine of a nation is its 
shipping taken collectively, and also the entire 
economy of its naval affairs. 

MXRK, n. The leading idea is that of some trace 
or impression made, as a mark on paper, in the 
sand, &c. ; hence, something which shows forth 
or distinguishes, as a mark on goods, a mark of 
civility, a man of mark; something which di- 
rects or guides, as to shoot at a mark, a mark for 
seamen, &c. ; a coin or money of account [Fr. 
marc], worth about $3. — Syn. Impress; stamp; 
print; vestige; indication; badge. 

MXRK, v. t. To draw a visible line or character ; 



to make a visible impression, &c. ; to mark an 
incision or a sign of distinction ; to form a name 
as a sign ; to take notice of or have regard to. — 
Syn. To imprint; brand; stamp ; impress; re- 
mark ; point out ; observe ; heed ; denote ; indi- 
cate; characterize; show. 

MXRK, v. i. To observe critically ; to take partic- 
ular notice ; to note. 

MXKK'ER, n. One who marks any thing; one 
who notes ; a counter used in card-playing. 

MaR'KET, n. A place or time of sale; sale; the 
exchange of provisions or goods for money. 

MXR'KET, v. i. To deal in market ; to buy or sell. 

MXR'KET-A-BLE, a. Salable; fit for market; 
current in market. 

MXR'KET-DaY, n. A day for public market. 

M AR'KET-PLaCE, n. The place where provisions 
or goods are exposed for sale. 

MXR'KET-TOWX, n. A town that has a stated 
public market. 

MaRK'ING, n. The making of marks; indica- 
tion, as the markings of the thermometer, barom- 
eter, &c. 

MXRKS'MAN, n. One who shoots with skill ; one 
who, not able to write, makes his mark. 

MXRL, n. A species of calcareous earth used as 
manure ; v. t. to spead over with a marl ; to wind 
or twist a small line or rope round another. 

MXRL-A'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. Marly; partaking 
of marl. _ 

MXR'LINE (miir'lin), n. A small line of two 
strands, used for winding round cables. 

MXR'LiNE, v. t. To wind a marline round a rope. 

MXR'LiNE-SPlKE,n. An iron tool tapering to a 
point, used to open the strands of a rope in splic- 
ing, &c. 

MXRL'ING, n. The act of manuring with marl; 
the act of winding a small line about a rope to 
prevent its being galled. 

MXRL'PIT, n. A pit where marl is dug. 

MXRL'Y, a. Consisting in, like, or abounding 
with mark 

MXR'MA-LaDE, n. Quinces boiled with sugar. 

MXR-MO-RA'CEOUS (-shus), n. Like marble. 

MXR-Mo'EE-AN, a. Pertaining to marble. 

M AR'ON-lTES, n. pi. A body of Syrian Christians 
belonging to the Greek Church. 

MA-ROON', n. A name given to free blacks living 
on the mountains in the West Indies. 

MA-ROON', v. t. To put a sailor ashore on a deso- 
late isle for some crime. 

MA-ROON', a. Brownish crimson ; of a claret 
color. 

MXR'PLOT, n. One who officiously defeats a 
design. 

+MXRQUE (mark), n. [Fr.] A letter of marque is 
a license to make reprisals on an enemy for goods 
seized ; the ship commissioned to make reprisals. 

+MXR-QUEE' (mar-kee'), n. LFV.] A field-tent for 
an officer. 

MXR'QUESS,) ,, •- fn. A title of nobility 

MXR'QUISS, j <.- K ^ ls; ' \ next under a duke. 

MXR'QUET-RY (mar'ket-ry), n. Inlaid work of 
wood, shells, &c. 

MXR'QUIS-ATE, n. The seignory of a marquis. 

MAR'RIAgE (mar'rij), n. The uniting or legal 
union of man and woman for life. — Syn. Matri- 
mony. — Marriage is properly the act which unites 
the two parties, and matrimony the state into 
which they enter. Marriage is, however, often 
used for the state as well as the act. Wedlock is 
the old Saxon term for matrimony. 

MaR'RIAgE-A-BLE, a. Of a fit age to be mar- 
ried. 

MAR'RIJG'D (mar'rid), pp. United in wedlock; 
wedded; a. conjugal; connubial. 

MAR'Ro YV (mar'ro), n. A soft substance in bones ; 
the essence ;_best part. In Scotch, a companion. 

MAR'EoW-BoNE, n. A bone containing marrow; 
the bone of the knee. [Colloquial.] 



dove, wolf, book ; kcle, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; (i as J ; s as z ; ch as &h ; this. ♦ Xot English. 



MAR 



268 



MAS 



MAR'RoW-FAT, n. A large, delicious pea. 

MAR'RoW-ISH, a. Of the nature of marrow. 

MAR'RoW-LESS, a. Destitute of marrow. 

MAR'RoW-Y, a. Full of marrow ; pithy. 

MAR'RY, v. t. To join in wedlock ; to dispose of 
in wedlock ; to take for husband or wife ; in 
Scripture, to enter into covenant. 

MAR'RY, v. i. To enter into wedlock ; to be joined 
in wedlock ; to take a husband or wife. 

MARS, n. In mythology, the god of war ; a planet 
of a deep red color. 

MARSH, n. Low ground, wet or overflowed. 

MaR'SHAL,w. An officer of arms ; chief military 
commander; a civil officer answering to sheriff; 
one who directs the order of a procession, and 
the like. 

MAR'SHAL, v. t. To arrange in order; to dispose 
in order the parts of an escutcheon or coat of 
arms of families. 

MAR'SHALi?D (miir'shald), a. Arranged in order. 

MXR'SHAL-ER, n. One who arranges in order. 

MAR'SHAL-ING, n. The act of arranging in or- 
der; an arrangement of coats-of-arms to exhibit 
the family alliances. 

MXR'SHAL-SeA, n. A prison in Southwark, Lon- 
don, under the charge of the marshal of King's 
Bench. 

MAR'SHAL-SHIP, n. The office of marshal. 

MARSH'-MAL'LoW, n. A plant of the genus 
A Ithcea. 

MXRSH'Y, a. Wet ; boggy ; covered with water ; 
produced in marshes. 

MAR-Su'PI-AL, X a. Pertaining to a bag or 

MAR-Su'PI-ATE,j pouch, or to animals so fur- 
nished, as the opossum. 

MAR-SU-PI-a'LI-A, n. pi. Animals having a 
pouch or bag for carrying their young. 

MART, n. A place of public sale; a market. 

MAR-TeL'LO TOWER, n. A round tower or 
circular building of masonry. 

MAR'TEN, n. An animal of the weasel kind. 

MAR'TIAL (-shal), a. Pertaining or suited to war ; 
belonging to an army or navy. — Syn. Warlike. — 
Martial (from Mars, the god of war) refers more 
to war in action, its array, its attendants, &c, as 
•martial music, a martial appearance, martial 
array, courts-martial, &c. Warlike describes the 
feeling or temper which leads to war, and the 
adjuncts connected with it, as a warlike nation, 
warlike preparations, a warlike attitude of things, 
&c. The two words thus approach each other 
very nearly, and are often interchanged. 

MAR'TIAL LAW, n. A code of law for the army 
or navy. [kind. 

MaR'TIN, n. A species of birds of the swallow 

MaR'TI-NET, n. A strict disciplinarian. 

MaR'TI-NETS, n. pi. Lines fastened to a sail. 

MAR'TIN-GAL, \n. A strap fastened to the 

MAR'TIN-GALE,j girth under a horse's belly, 
intended to keep him from throwing up his head. 
In a ship, a short perpendicular spar under the 
bowsprit end, used for reeving the stays. 

MXRT'IN-MAS, n. The festival of St. Martin, on 
the 11th of November. 

MART'LET, n. A little bird in heraldry. 

MAR'TYR, n. One who is put to death for the 
truth, or in defense of any cause. 

MAR'TYR, v. t. To put to death for adhering to 
the truth ; to sacrifice one on account of his faith 
or profession. [tyr. 

MXR'TYR-DOM (-dum), n. The death of a mar- 

MAR-TYR-0-L6g'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to mar- 
tyrology. 

MAR-TYR-oL'O-GlST, n. One who writes an ac- 
count of martyrs. 

MAR-TYR-oL'O-gY, n. History or register of 
martyrs. 

MaR'VEL, n. That which arrests attention ; any 
thing wonderful or astonishing. — Syn. Wonder ; 
admiration ; astonishment ; miracle ; prodigy. 



MAR'VEL, v. i. To wonder ; to be surprised. It 
expresses less than astonish or amaze. 

MAR-VEL-OUS, a. Exciting the utmost wonder; 
verging toward the impossible. — Syn. Wonder- 
ful.— We speak of a thing as wonderful when it 
awakens our surprise and admiration ; as mar- 
velous when it is so much out of the ordinary 
course of things as to seem nearly or quite incred- 
ible. The victories of Napoleon were iconderful ; 
the sleight-of-hand tricks which are sometimes 
exhibited are so marvelous that they would ap- 
pear incredible if not publicly performed. 

MXR'VEL-OUS-LY, ad. In a wonderful manner. 

MAS'CLE (mas'kl or mas'sl), n. In heraldry, a 
lozenge perforated. 

MAS'CU-LiNE, a. Male; like a man; bold. In 
grammar, the masculine is the gender appropri- 
ated to males, though not always expressing it. 

MASH, n. A mixture of things ; bran and water. 

MASH, v. t. To bruise into a soft mass; to mix 
malt and water in brewing. 

MASH'ING, n. A beating into a mass; the proc- 
ess of steeping ground malt in warm water and 
extracting the sweetwort. 

MASH'Y, a. Produced by bruising. 

MASK (G), n. A cover for the face : a disguise ; a 
pretense ; a festive entertainment ; a masquer- 
ade ; a kind of dramatic performance. 

MASK, v. t. To cover the face ; to disguise. 

MASK, v. i. To revel; to be disguised. 

MASK'ER, n. One who wears a mask or who plays 
the fool in a masquerade. 

MAS'LIN. See Meslin. 

Ma'SON (ma'sn), n. An artificer who lays bricks 
and stones for walls ; a freemason. 

MA-SON'IO, a. Pertaining to masonry. 

Ma'SON-RY (ma'sn-ry), n. The art or occupa- 
tion of work done by a mason ; the craft or mys- 
teries of freemasonry. 

MAS'O-RA, n. A Rabbinic work on the text of 
the Hebrew Scripture. 

MAS-0-RfiT'I€, X a. Belonging to the Maso- 

MAS-0-RET'I€-AL,{" ra or to its authors. 

MAS'O-RlTE, n. One of the writers of the Masora. 

MASQUE. See Mask. 

MAS-QUER-aDE' (mask-er-), n. A nocturnal as- 
sembly of persons wearing masks; disguise. 

MAS-QUER-aDE', v. i. To assemble in masks; 
to go in disguise. 

MAS-QUER-aD'ER, n. One who wears a mask. 

MASS (6), n. A body of matter collected into a 
lump ; a heap ; an assemblage ; the body ; the 
bulk ; the quantity of matter in a body ; a large 
quantity of matter ; of light and shade. 

MaSS, n. The service of the Roman Catholic 
Church ; the consecration of the bread and wine. 

MAS'SA-CRE (mas'sa-ker), n. Promiscuous 
slaughter. — Syn. Butchery; carnage. — Massacre 
denoted originally the killing of victims for sac- 
rifice, and now denotes the promiscuous slaugh- 
ter'of many without restraint or remorse. Butch- 
ery refers to cold-blooded cruelty in slaughtering, 
as if brute beasts. Carnage (from caro, liesh) re- 
fers to the heaped up bodies of the slain. 

MAS'SA-€RE, v. t. To kill promiscuously or with 
uncommon cruelty. 

MAS'SI-COT, I n. Protoxyd or yellow oxyd of 

MAS'TI-COT,i lead. 

MASS'I-NESS (6), ) n. The state of being massy ; 

MASS'lVE-NESS, / great weight or weight with 
bulk; ponderousness. 

MASS'IVE,) a. Bulky; ponderous; heavy; be- 

MASS'Y, J ing in a lump. 

MASS'IVE, a. In mineralogy, in mass; with a 
crystalline structure but not a regular form. 

MASS'-MEET-ING, n. A large assembly of peo- 
ple to be addressed on some public occasion. 

MAST, n. The timber of a ship set perpendicular- 
ly on the keel, to which sails, &c, are attached; 
nuts ; acorns : in the last sense it has no plural. 



MAS 



2G9 



MAT 



MAST'ED (6), a. Furnished with a mast. 

MAS'TER, n. A man who rules or directs; the 
owner or proprietor ; a chief or principal ; the 
commander of a vessel; one uncontrolled; a title 
of boys or quite young men ; one eminently skill- 
ed in any science, art, &c. ; a teacher or instruct- 
or. In colleges, a title of respect, as Master of 
Arts. 

MAS'TER, V. t. To conquer; to tame; to rule; 
to make one's self master of. 

MAS'TER-KeY (-kc), n. A key that opens many 
locks; hence, figuratively, a clue to difficulties. 

MAS'TER- LY, a. Becoming a master; very ex- 
cellent; skillful. 

MaS'TER-PIeCE (-peece), n. A capital or chief 
performance. 

MASTER-SHIP, n. Headship; superiority. 

MAS'TEK-STRoKE, n. A capital performance. 

M.vS'TER-Y, n. Power of governing or command- 
ing ; superiority over ; eminent skill ; victory in 
Avar. — Syn. Rule; dominion. 

MAST'HeAD, n. The top of the mast. 

MAS'TIC, \n. A yellowish-white semi-transpar- 

MAS'TI€H,j ent resin exuding from the mastic- 
tree, used in varnishes; a kind of cement for 
plastering walls, &c. 

MaSTI-€A-BLE, n. That can he masticated. 

MAS'TI-€aTE, v. t. To chew ; to grind with the 
teeth ; to prepare for digestion. 

MAS-TI-CA'TION, n. The act of chewing. 

MAS'TI-€A-T()-RY, a. Chewing ; adapted to per- 

, form the office of chewing food. 

MAS'TI-€A-TO-RY, n. A substance to he chewed 
to increase the saliva. 

MAS'TI-€OT. See Massicot. 

MAS'TIFF, n. A large species of dog, remarkable 
for strength, courage, and faithfulness. 

MAST'LESS, a. Having no mast, as a vessel; 
bearing no mast, as an oak. 

MAS'TO-DON, n. An animal like the elephant, 
now extinct. 

MAS'TOID, a. Resembling the nipple. 

MAST'Y, a. Full of mast or acorns, &c. 

MAT, n. A texture of rushes, sedge, straw, &c, for 
various purposes of cleanliness, &c. ; a web of 
rope-yarn to secure the standing rigging from the 
friction of the yards. 

MAT, v. t. To weave or form into a mat ; to cover 
or lay with mats ; to press together or lay flat. 

MAT'A-DoRE, n. One of the three principal cards 
in the game of omber ; the man employed to kill 
the bull in bull-fights. 

MATCH, n. One who is equal to another in 
strength, dexterity, &c. ; that which suits or tal- 
lies with another ; union by marriage ; compe- 
tition for victory, as in games; a combustible 
substance used for lighting a fire, firing artillery, 
&c. [equal. 

MATCH, v. t. To pair; to suit; to many; to 

MATCH, v. i. To be united in marriage; to be 
of equal size, figure, &c. 

MATCH'LESS, a. Having no equal. 

MATCH'LESS-LY, ad. In a manner or degree not 
to be equaled. 

MATCH'LOCK, n. The lock of a musket fired by 
a match ; the musket itself. 

MaTCH'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes matches 
for burning; one who contrives or effects mar- 
riages, [matches. 

MATCH'-MaK-ING, n. The act of making 

MaTE, n. A companion ; second officer of a ves- 
sel ; one who sits at the same table or attends the 
same school ; husband or wife; in chess, the sit- 
uation of a king so that he can not escape. 

MaTE, v. t. To match ; to equal ; to marry. 

MaTE'LESS, a. Having no mate or companion. 

MA-Te'RI-AL, a. Consisting of matter; more or 
less necessary ; not of mere form ; furnishing 
materials. — Syn. Corporeal : bodily ; essential ; 
important; weighty; momentous. 



MA-Te'RI-AL, n. The substance of which any 
thing is made. [ists. 

MA-TE'RI-AL-ISM, n. The doctrine of material- 

MA-Te'UI-AL-IST, n. One who denies the exist- 
ence of spiritual substances. 

MA-Te-RI-AL'I-TY, n. Material existence; im- 
portance. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-iZE, v. t. To reduce to matter ; to 
regard as matter. 

+MA-Te'RI-A MeD'I-€A, n. [L.] A general 
name for all articles used in curing diseases ; the 
science which treats of such articles. 

+MA-Te'RI-EL, n. [.FY.] A term denoting those 
material objects which are used in any design. 

MA-TeR'NAL, a. Pertaining to or becoming a 
mother. See Motherly. 

MA-TeR'NT-TY, n. The relation or character of 
a mother. 

MATH, n. A mowing. 

MATH-E-MaT'IC, \ a. Pertaining to mathe- 

MATH-E-MAT'I€-AL,J matics, or according to 
its principles. 

MATH-E-MAT'IC-AL-LY, ad. By mathematics. 

MATH-E-MA-Ti"CIAN (-tish'an), n. One versed 
in mathematics. 

MATH-E-MAT'I€S, n. pi. The science of quan- 
tity, or which treats of magnitude and number, 
or of whatever can be measured or numbered. 

MA-THE'SIS, n. The doctrine of mathematics. 

MAT'IN, a. Used in the morning; pertaining to 
the morning. 

MAT'INS, n. pi. Morning worship or service; 
time of morning worship. 

MAT'RICE (mat'ris), n. A mold in which any 
thing is formed ; the place where any thing is 
formed or produced ; in dyeing, the five simple 
colors, black, white, blue, red, and yellow, of 
which all the rest are composed. 

MA'TEICE,? n. The womb; the cavity in which 

Ma'TRIX, j the fetus of an animal is formed. 

MAT'RI-Ci-DAL, a. Pertaining to the murder of 
a mother. [mother. 

MaT'RI-CIDE^ n. The murder or murderer of a 

MA-TRi€'u-LaTE, v. t. To enter or admit to 
membership, as in a college. 

MA-TRi€'u-LATE, n. One entered in a college 
or admitted into membership. 

MA-TRrC'u-LA-TED, a. Entered or admitted to 
membership in a society or college. 

MA-TRI€-u-La'TION, n. The act of admitting 
to membership by enrolling the name in a regis- 
ter. 

MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to marriage ; 
derived from marriage. — Syn. Connubial ; conju- 
gal ; spousal ; nuptial ; hymeneal. 

MAT-RI-Mo'XT-AL-LY, ad. By the laws or ac- 
cording to the manner of marriage. 

MAT'RI-MO-NY, n. Union of man and woman 
for life. — Syn. Wedlock ; espousal ; nuptials ; 
marriage, which see. 

Ma'TRON, n. A grave, elderly woman ; a female 
superintendent, as the matron of the House of 
Refuge. 

Ma'TRON- AgE, n. State of a matron. 

Ma'TROX-iZE, v. t. To render matron-like; to 
oversee as a matron. 

Ma'THON-LY, a. Elderly; like a matron. 

MAT'TER, n. In a general sense, the substance 
of which all bodies are constituted ; hence, ex- 
tended substance or body, visible or tangible ; 
the substance thrown out from living animal 
bodies, or pus, as from a tumor or boil ; the sub- 
ject of discourse; course of things; cause of an 
event. 

MAT'TER, v. i. To be of importance ; to signify ; 
to produce matter ; to form pus. 

MAT'TER-LESS, a. Void of matter. 

MAT'TINGr, n. A texture of rushes, flags, or 
straw, &c, for packing articles, covering floors, 
&c. ; materials for mats. 



dove, wolf, book; rule, ijull; vi"cious. — G asK; g as j; s asz; 611 as sn ; this. * Not English. 



MAT 



270 



MEA 



MAT'TOCK, n. A pick-ax ; a tool for grubbing. 

MaT'TRESS, n. A bed stuffed with hair, moss, or 
other material, and quilted. 

MAT'u-RANT, n. A medicine, &c, applied to a 
tumor to promote suppuration. 

MaT'u-RaTE, v. i. To become ripe ; to suppu- 
rate, as a tumor. 

MaT'u-KaTE, v. t. To ripen; to bring to perfec- 
tion^ 

MAT-u-Ra'TION, n. A ripening ; process of sup- 
puration, as of an abscess. 

MAT'u-RA-TiVE, a. Promoting suppuration ; rip- 
ening. 

MA-TORE', a. Perfected by time or growth ; full- 
grown. — Syn. Ripe. — Both words describe fullness 
of growth. Mature brings to view the process ; 
ripe indicates the result. We speak of a thing as 
•mature when thinking of the successive stages 
through which it has passed ; as ripe when our 
attention is directed to its ends or uses. A ma- 
ture judgment; mature consideration ; ripe fruit; 
a ripe scholar. A character is matured by expe- 
rience or by time ; it is ripened for great useful- 
ness_or for the enjoyments of heaven. 

MA-TuRE', v. t. To bring to perfection; to re- 
volve in mind ; v. i. to become ripe or perfect ; to 
reach maturity, as a note matures, i. e., becomes 
payable. 

MA-TURE'LY, ad. With ripeness ; with delibera- 
tion. 

MAT-u-ReS'CENT, a. Approaching to maturity. 

MA-Tu'RI-TY, \ n. Ripeness ; state of being 

MA-TuRE'NESS,) brought to perfection ; in com- 
merce, as to a note or bill of exchange, the time 
when it is due. 

MAT'u-Tl-NAL, a. Relating to morning. 

MAUD'LIN, a. Approaching to or in a state of 
intoxication ; drunk ; fuddled ; n. a plant. 

MAlJ'GREl ad " In spite of or °PP osition to - 

MJiUL, n. A heavy wooden hammer. See Mall. 

MAUL, v. t. To beat and bruise. 

MAUL'STICK, n. The stick by which painters of 
pictures steady their hand. 

MAUND, n. In Scotland, a hand-basket ; a weight 
of about 80 lbs. in the East Indies. [ble. 

MAUND'ER, v. i. To mutter, murmur, or grum- 

MAUN'DY-THORS'DAY, n. The Thursday in 
Passion-week, or next before Good-Friday. 

MAU-SO-Le'AN, a. Pertaining to a mausoleum; 
monumental. 

MAU-SO-Le'UM, n. A magnificent tomb or mon- 
ument. 

Ma'VIS, n. The throstle or song-thrush. 

MAW, n. The stomach of a beast ; the craw. 

MAWK'ISH, a. Apt to cause satiety or loathing. 

MAW'WORM, n. A worm that infests the stom- 
ach. 

m!x'IL-LA?RY,I" a - Pertainin S t0 the jaw-bone. 

MAX-IL'LI-FORM, a. In the form of a cheek- 
bone. 

MAX'IM, n. An established principle or proposi- 
tion ; a principle generally received or admitted 
as true. — Syn. Axiom ; aphorism ; apothegm ; ad- 
age ; proverb ; saying. See Axiom. 

+MaX'I-MUM, n. ; pi. Max'i-ma. [£.] In mathe- 
matics, the greatest number or quantity attaina- 
ble in any given case; the extreme or highest 
sum, amount, or degree, as of price, &c. 

MaY (ma), n. The fifth month of the year. 

MaY (ma), v. aux. [pp. Might.] To be possible ; 
to be able ; to have liberty or license. 

MaY (ma), v. i. To gather flowers on May-day. 

MaY'-DaY (ma'-da), n. The first day of May. 

MaY'-DuKE, n. A variety of the cherry. 

MaY'gAR (modj'or), n. Name of the early race 
in Hungary, &c. 

MaY'HEM (ma'hem), n. In law, the act of maim- 
ing. 



MaY'ING, n. The gathering of flowers on May- 
day, [city. 

MaY'OR (ma'ur), n. The chief magistrate of a 

MaY'OR-AL-TY, n. The office of a mayor. 

MaY'OR-ESS, n. The consort of a mayor. 

MaY'PoLE, n. A pole to dance round in May. 

MaY'-QL'EEN, n. A young female crowned with 
flowers on the first of May. 

MAZ'ARD, n. A variety of cherry ; the jaw. 

MAZ-A-RiNE' (-reen'), n. A deep blue color. 

MaZE, n. A winding or turning ; a confused and 
perplexed state of thought. See Labyrinth. 

MaZE, v. t.' To bewilder; to confound with in- 
tricacy. 

MA-ZoL'0-6Y, n. That branch of zoology which 
treats of mammiferous animals. 

MaZ'Y, a. Made intricate by turns and windings; 
perplexed; confused. 

Me, pron. Objective case of I. 

MeAD, n. An old English liquor composed of 
honey and water; a sweet drink ; a meadow. 

MeAD'oW (med'o), n. A tract of low land ; land 
appropriated to the production of hay ; also, low 
gro*und on the banks of rivers. 

MeAD'oW-LaRK, n. A well-known beautiful 
bird, with a clear but melancholy note. 

MeAD'uW-Y, a. Containing meadow. 

MeA'GER,J , mS /„ 01 A ja. Destitute of or hav- 

MEA'GREJ (me ger; ' "X ing little flesh ; want- 
ing strength and fullness; destitute of richness 
in any thing. — Syn. Thin; lean; gaunt; scan- 
ty; barren. 

MeA'GER-NESS,? n. Want of fertility or rich- 

MeA'GRE-NESS,j ness; thinness; poorness. 

MeAL (meel), n. The substance of grain ground 
to powder ; the food taken at one eating. 

MeAL'1-NESS, n. Quality of being mealy; soft- 
ness or smoothness to the touch. 

MeAL'Y, a. Having the qualities of meal ; like 
meal; dusted with meal ; soft; smooth. 

MeAL'Y-MOUTHjBD (-mouthd), a. Inclined to 
disguise the truth ; using soft language. 

MeAN (meen), n. The middle point or place ; in- 
tervening time ; instrument ; mediocrity ; me- 
dium. 

MeAN, a. Wanting dignity in rank or min d ; wor- 
thy of contempt ; of little regard or value ; at 
equal distance from extremes ; coming between. 
—Syn. Ignoble; abject; base; degraded; vile. 

MeAN, v. t. Ipret. and pp. Meant (ment).] To 
have in view ; to have in mind for future act ; to 
have for its meaning ; to have thought or ideas ; 
to have meaning — Syn. To intend; purpose; de- 
sign; indicate; denote; imply. 

ME-aN'DER, n. A winding course ; a maze. 

ME-AN'DER, v. %. To wind in running. 

ME-a.N'DER, v. t. To wind or flow round. 

ME-aN'DER-ING, n. A winding course. 

KiSSES}' Winding; fle*non S . 

MeAN'ING (meen'ing), n. Intention; purpose; 

signification. 
MeAN'ING-LESS, a. Having no meaning. 
MeAN'ING-LY, ad. With meaning; purposely. 
MeAN'LY, ad. Basely ; v ithout dignity ; poorly ; 

moderately ; disrespectfully. 
MeAN'NESS, n. Lowness; sordidness; baseness. 
MEANS (meenz), n. pi. Medium; instrument; 

income._ 

MEAN'WHILe} ad ' In the intervening time. 
MEA$'Li?§ (me'zlz), n. A contagious disease, 

characterized by red spots on the skin. 
MEAS'LY, a. Infected or spotted with measlcjs. 
MeA$'UR-A-BLE (mezh'ur-a-bl), a. That may be 

measured; moderate; of small quantity. 
MeA$'UR-A-BLY (mezh'ur-), ad. Moderately ; in 

a limited degree. 



I, E, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; marine, bied; move, 



MEA 



271 



MEE 



MEAS'URE (nu-zh'ur), n. Whole extent ; that 
which ascertains extent or quantity ; rule of ad- 
justment ; extent of power or ability; cadence in 
verse ; time in music ; degree ; portion ; transac- 
tion, or means to an end. 

MEAS'URE (mezh'ur), v. t. To ascertain extent 
or quantity: to judge, adjust, proportion, or allot. 

MF:A$'URE, v. i. To have a certain or limited ex- 
tent. 

MEAS'URED (mczh'urd), a. Equal; uniform; 
limited ; restricted. 

MEA$'URE-LESS, a. Without measure. — Syn. 
Boundless; endless; unlimited; vast; infinite; 
immeasurable. 

MkAS'URE-MENT (mezh'ur-ment), n. Act of 
measuring ; mensuration. 

MEASTR-ER (mezh'ur-er), n. One who measures. 

MkAS'UR-ING, a. Used in measuring, as a rod. 

MEAT, n. Food , flesh for food ; provisions ; spir- 
itual comfort; ceremonial ordinances. 

MEAT'-dF-FER-IXG, n. An offering of meat or 
food in distinction from a drink-offering. 

ME-€HaN'I€, n. One who constructs machines, 
&c. ; one skilled in or employed in mechanical 
operation or art. — Syn. Operative; artisan; art- 
ificer. 

ME-€HaN1€, \ a. Pertaining to machines ; 

ME-GHaX'I€-ALJ constructed according to the 
laws of mechanics ; skilled in making machines ; 
acting by physical power, without design or in- 
telligence; pertaining to artisans. 

ME-€HaX'I€-AL-LY, ad. By mechanism; by 
phvsical laws or force ; by the force of habit. 

ME€H-A-Xi"CIAN (mek-a-nish'an),n. One skill- 
ed in mechanics a machine-maker. 

ME-CHaN'ICS (me-kan'iks), n. pi. The science 
that treats of the laws of equilibrium and mo- 
tion. 

Mfi€H'AN-ISM (mek'-), n. Structure and adapta- 
tion of the parts of a machine or instrument so 
as to produce uniform action and impelling pow- 
er on the principles of mechanics; action of a 
machine. 

Mfi€H'AN-IST CmSk'an-ist), n. The maker of, or 
one skilled in machines. 

M£€H'AX-IZE, v. t. To form by mechanical skill 
or contrivance. 

MECH-AX-o G'RA-PH Y, n. The art of multiply- 
ing copies of a work of art by a machine. 

M£€H'LIX T (mek'lin), n. A kind of lace first made 
at ^[echlin. [opium. 

ME-€o'XT-UM, n. The juice of the white poppy ; 

MED'AL, n. A coin with a device to preserve the 
memory of some great person or event. 

MED'AL-IST, n. One who is skilled in medals. 

ME-D.vL'LT€, a. Pertaining to medals. 

ME-DaLL'ION (me-dal'vun), n. A large medal 
or its form. 

M£D'AL-UR-gY, n. Art of striking coins. 

MED'DLE, v. i. To interpose; to take part offi- 
ciously ; to handle. 

MED'DLER. n. A busy-body in another's affairs. 

MED'DLE-SOME (med'dl-sum), a. Apt to med- 
dle; officious. 

MED'DLE-S0ME-XE8S,1! n. Officious interposi- 

MED'DLIXG, f tion. 

ME-DI-iE'VAL. See Medieval. 

Me'DI-AL, a. Noting a mean or average. 

Me'DI-AXT, n. In music, the third above the 
key-note. 

ME'DI-aTE, v. i. To interpose for reconciling. 

Me'DI-aTE, v. t. To effect by mediation or in- 
terposition. 

Me'DI-ATE, a. Middle; acting as a mean; act- 
ing by an intervening cause or instrument. 

Me'PI-ATE-LY, ad. By a secondary cause. 

ME-DI-a'TIOX, n. Agency between parties for 
reconciliation; intervenient power; entreaty for 
another. — Syn. Interposition; intercession; in- 
tervention; agency. 

DOVE, WOT.F, BOOK ; EULE, BULL ', Vl"ciOUS. — € aS K 



ME'DI-a-TOR, n. One who interposes to recon- 
cile parties at variance ; Christ the Redeemer. 
— Syn. Intercessor: advocate; propitiator; inter- 
ceder; arbitrator; umpire. 

ME-DI-A-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a mediator. 

ME-I)I-a'T()R-SHIP, n. The office of a mediator. 

ME-DT-a'TRTX, n. A female mediator. 

MEDT-€A-BLE, a. That may be cured. 

MED'1-CAL. a. Pertaining to the art of healing; 
medicinal; healing; designed to promote the 
study of medicine, as a college. Medical Juris- 
prudence is the science -of the principles and 
practice of medicine applied to questions in 
courts of justice. 

M£D'I-€A-MEXT, n. A medicine; healing ap- 
plication. 

M£DT-€aTE, v. t. To tincture or heal with 
medicines. 

MED-I-C a'TIOX, n. Act of medicating. 

MeD'I-€a-TIVE, a. Tending to cure; curing. 

ME-DIC'I-XAL (me-dis'e-nal), a. Tending to 
cure: healing. 

ME-DiC'1-XAL-LY, ad. By means of medicine 
with a view to healing. 

MEDT-CiXE (med'e-sin), n. Any substance that 
heals or mitigates disease, or is used for that pur- 
pose ; the art of healing. 

MfiD'I-CINE, v. t. To affect or operate on as med- 
icine. 

ME-DI-E'VAL, a. Relating to the Middle Ages. 

ME-DT-o'CRE (-o'ker), a. Middling ; middle rate. 

ME-DI-oC'RI-TY, n. Middle state ; moderate de«. 
gree. 

MED'I-TaTE, v. t. To plan by revolving in the 
mind ; to revolve in the mind ; v. i. to dwell on 
or turn over in the mind ; to have in contempla- 
tion. — Syn. To contrive; design; scheme: in- 
tend ; purpose ; muse ; contemplate ; think ; 
study. See Contemplate. 

MED-I-Ta'TTOX 1 , n. Contemplation ; close or con- 
tinued thought. 

MED'I-Ta-TiVE, a. Given to meditation; ex- 
pressing meditation. 

MED-I-TER-Ra'XE-AX, a. Inclosed by land. 

Me'DI-UM, n. ; pi. Me'dt-ems or Me'lm-a. A mid- 
dle state ; in philosophy, the space through which 
a body moves to any point; in logic, the middle 
term of a syllogism, &c. ; the means or instru- 
ment by which any thing is done, &c. ; a kind of 
printing paper. 

MED'LEY (med'ly), n. A mixture; a miscellany; 
a mingled or confused mass of ingredients. 

ME-DCL'LAR, \_ a. Consisting of marrow or 

MED'UL-LA-RY. j resembling it. 

ME-Du'SA. n. The fabled chief of the Gorgons, 
whose head in the shield of Minerva had power 
to turn all who looked on it to stone ; a genus of 
gelatinous radiate animals called sea-nettles. 

MEED, n. A reward ; that which is bestowed in 
consideration of merit. 

MEEK, a. Xot easily provoked : given to forbear- 
ance; submissive to the divine will. — Syn. Mild; 
soft; gentle; lowly; humble; yielding; unas- 
suming: pacific. See Gentle. [ble. 

MEEK'I?N (mii'kn), v. t. To make meek ; to hum- 

MEEK'LY, ad. Xot proudly or roughly ; with for- 
bearance, &c. — Syn. Mildly ; softly ; gently ; 
humbly; submissively. 

MEEK'XESS, n. Mildness of temper ; gentleness ; 
humility; submission. 

MEET, v. t. \_pret. and pp. Met.] To come togeth- 
er ; to join ; to find ; to light on ; to receive ; to 
encounter. [join. 

MEET, v. i. To assemble; to come in contact; to 

MEET. a. Fit; suitable; becoming. 

MEET'IXG, n. A coming together or gathering 
of people; a conflux, as of rivers; a joining, as 
of lines; aplace of worship, &c. — Syn. interview; 
conference; union; junction: confluence; assem- 
bly, congregation; convention; company. 

; j ; s as z ; en as sn ; this. + Xot English. 



MEE 



272 



MEN 



MEET'ING-HOUSE, n. A place of worship. 

MEET'LY, ad. Fitly ; suitably ; duly. 

MEET'NESS, n. Fitness; suitableness; propriety. 

MP2G-A-L6N'YX, n. A large extinct quadruped 
allied to the sloth. 

MEG-A-LO-SAU'RUS, n. A huge extinct lizard 
found as a fossil. 

MEG-A-THe'RI-UM, n. A gigantic extinct quad- 
ruped allied to the sloth. 

Me'GRIM, n. A neuralgic pain in the head. 

MEi-o'SIS, n. A rhetorical figure by which a 
thing is represented less than it is. 

MeL'AN-CHOL-IG, a. Depressed in spirits; af- 
fected with gloom; produced by or expressing 
melancholy; causing sorrow. — Syn. Gloomy; de- 
jected; hypochondriac; mournful; unhappy; 
unfortunate: sorrowful, &c. 

MeL'AN-€HOL-Y, n. Gloom of mind; dejection 
of spirits. 

MeL'AN-OHOL-Y, a. Depressed in spirits ; ha- 
bitually dejected ; that may or does produce 
great evil and grief, &c. — Syn. Gloomy ; sad ; 
dispirited; unhappy; disconsolate; doleful. 

+ME-LXNGE' (me-lanzh'), n. LFV.] A mixture. 

ME-LEE' (ma-la'), n. A confused fight or scuffle. 

MkL'I-LOT, n. A plant allied to the long-rooted 
clover. 

MeL'IOR-aTE (mel'yor-ate), v. t. To make bet- 
ter ; to improve ; v. ?'. to grow better. 

MeL-IOR-a'TION, n. The act or operation of 
growing better ; improvement. 

MEL-LiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing honev. 

MEL-LI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of making or pro- 
duction of honey. 

MEL-LiF'LU-ENCE, n. A flow of sweetness, or a 
sweet, smooth flow. 

MEL-LiF'LU-ENT,\ a. Flowing with honey; 

MEL-LIF'LU-OUS, / sweetly flowing ; smooth. 

MeL'LoW (mel'lo), a. Soft with ripeness ; soft or 
smooth to the ear or the taste ; easy to the eye. 

MeL'LoW, v. t. To make soft; to ripen to soft- 
ness. _ 

MeL'LoW, v. i. To become soft ; to be ripened. 

MeL'LoW-NESS, n. The quality of yielding eas- 
ily to pressure; softness; ripeness; smoothness 
from age, as wine. 

MEL-0-€0-ToN' (-ko-toonO, n. A quince; a 
large kind of peach. 

ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Musical ; agreeable to the ear. 

ME-Lo'DI-OUS-LY. ad. Musically. 

ME-Lo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Agreeableness of 
sounds. [melodies. 

MeL'O-DIST, n. A composer and singer of sweet 

MeL'O-DiZE, v. t. To make melodious. 

MEL-0-DRA-MaT'I€, a. Relating to melodrame. 

MEL-O-DRaM'A-TIST, n. One skilled in melo- 
drames orwho prepares them. 

MeL'O-DRaME, n. A dramatic performance in 
which songs are intermingled. 

MeL'O-DY, n. An agreeable succession of sounds 
by a single voice, and thus differing from harmo- 
ny, which consists in the accordance of different 
sounds ; the particular air or tune of a musical 
piece. See Haemony. 

MeL'ON, n. The name of certain plants and fruits. 

MEL-PoM'E-Ne, n. The tragic muse. 

MELT, v. t. To make liquid ; to overpower with 
tender emotion; to waste away; v. i. to become 
liquid ; to be softened ; to love, &c. ; to be dis- 
solved; to sink into weakness; to be disheart- 
ened. — Syn. To liquefy ; dissolve ; fuse ; thaw ; 
mollify; soften; subdue. 

MeLT'ER, n. One who melts metals, &c. 

MeLT'ING, n. The act of softening or rendering 
tender. 

MeLT'ING-LY, ad. So as to soften the heart. 

MEM'BER, n. A limb of the body ; a clause ; a 
part of a discourse, &c. ; an individual of a com- 
munity or society ; a subordinate part of a build- 
ing, as a frieze, &c. See Limb. 



MeM'BER-SHIP, 11. The state of being a mem- 
ber; community; society. 

MEM ' BR AN E, n. A thin, white, flexible skin. 

MEM-BRa'NE-OUS, "It,! 

MeM'BRA-NOUS, a - ™™g™? to or 

MEM-BRA-Na'CEOUS, f consisting of mem- 

MEM-BRA-NiF'ER-OUS, J Dranes - 

MEM-BRA-NoL'0-6Y, n. That part of anatomy 
which treats of membranes. 

ME-MeN'TO, n. ; pi. Me-men-toes. A hint to 
awaken the memory ; that which reminds. 

MeM'OIR (rnum'wor), n. A species of familiar his- 
torv; abipgraphv; a written account. 

■i-MEM-O-RA-BiL'i-A, n. pi. [L.] Things remark- 
able and worthy to be remembered. 

MeM'O-RA-BLE, a. Worthy of remembrance.— 
Syn. Illustrious; celebrated; distinguished; re- 
markable ; famous. 

MeM'O-RA-BLY, ad. So as to be remembered. 

MEM-0 ; RAN'DLM,n. ; pi. Mem-o-kan'dums, Mem- 
o-ean'da. A note to help the memory. 

MEM'O-RA-TIVE, a. Adapted to preserve the 
memory of any thing. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL, a. Preserving remembrance ; con- 
tained in memory. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL, n. That which preserves remem- 
brance ; a note or hint to assist the memory; a 
written representation of facts, as the ground of 
a petition ; a species of informal state paper in 
negotiations. — Syn. Monument ; memento ; re- 
membrancer; petition; statement. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL-IST, n. One who writes or who 
presents a memorial. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL-TZE, v. t. To present a memorial 
to ; to petition by memorial. 

+ME-MoR'I-TER, ad. [£.] By memory. 

MeM'O-RiZE, v. t. To record ; to hand down to 
memory by writing; to cause to be remembered. 

MeM'O-RY, n. The faculty by which ideas are 
retained in the mind ; the time within which 
past events can be remembered. — Syn. Remem- 
brance ; recollection ; reminiscence. — Memory is 
generic, denoting the power by which we repro- 
duce past impressions. Remembrance is an ex- 
ercise of that power when things occur sponta- 
neously to our thoughts. In recollection we make 
a distinct effort to collect again, or call back, what 
we know has been formerly in the mind. Remin- 
iscence is intermediate between remembrance 
and recollection, being a conscious process of re- 
calling past occurrences, but without that distinct 
reference to particular things which character- 
izes recollection. 

MeN, n., pi. of Man. 

MeN'ACE, v. t. To threaten; to show the proba- 
bility or appearance of any future evil or danger 
to. [evil to come. 

MeN'ACE, n. A threat; the show of probable 

MeN'A-CER, n. One that threatens. 

MeN'A-CING, a. Exhibiting the danger or prob- 
ability of evil to come. 

MEN-aGE' (men-azh'), n. A collection of brute 
animals. 

MEN-aG'E-RIE (men-azh'er-y) or MeN'A-6ER-Y" 
(men'a-jer-y), n. A collection of wild animals, 
or the place where they are kept. 

MeND, v. t. To repair or supply a broken part ; 
to set right ; to restore to a sound state ; to make 
better; to quicken, as to mend one's pace. — Syn. 
To improve ; help ; better ; amend ; correct ; re- 
form, &c. 

MeND, v. i. To grow better, to advance. 

MEN-Da'CIOUS (-da'shus), a. Lying; false. 

MEN-DaC'I-TY (-das'e-ty), n. Habitual false- 
hood ; want of veracity. 

MeND'ER, n. One who repairs. 

MeN'DI-€AN-CY, n. State of beggary. 

M£N'DI-€ANT, a. Poor to beggary; begging; 
n. one who makes it his business to beg ; a beg- 
gar. 



a, e, &c, long.— A, e, 



Short. — CAEE, FAR, LAST, FALL, WHAT ; THEEE, TEEM J MAEINE, BIED ; MOVE, 



MEN 



273 



MES 



MEN-DiC'I-TY (-dls'e-ty), n. The life of a beg- 
gar; beggary; indigence. 

MEND'IXG, n. The act of repairing, especially 
garments. 

MEN-Ha'DJFN, n. A small salt-water fish used 
for manure. 

ME'XT-AL, a. Being low or mean ; belonging to 
or noting servants. [who is servile. 

Me'NI-AL, n. A servant of the lowest order ; one 

ME-XiS'CUS, n. A lens convex on one side and 
concave on the other. 

♦MeN'SA BT To'RO. [£.] A phrase applied to a 
kind of divorce between husband and wife with- 
out dissolving the marriage relation. 

MeN'SES, n. 2->l- Monthly discliarges. 

MEX'STRU-AL, a. Monthly; once a month. 

MEX'STRU-AXT,? a. Subject to monthly flow- 

MSN'STRU-OUS, j ings; pertaining to the 
monthly now. 

MeN'STRU-UM, n. ; pi Men'steu-a. A sub- 
stance which dissolves. 

MEN-SU-RA-Bil/I-TY, n. Capacity or state of 
being measured. 

MEX'riU-RA-BLE (men'shu-ra-bl), a. Measura- 
ble ; having limits. 

MEX-SU-l-U/TIUX, n. Act, process, art, or result 
of measuring. 

MEN'TAL, a. Belonging to the mind. 

MEN'TAL-LY, ad. In mind; intellectually. 

MEX'TIOX, n. An expression in words; a hint 
or suggestion. 

MeN'TION, v. t. To name; to utter a brief re- 
mark or to express it in writing; to state a fact. 

MeN'TION-A-BLE, a. That may be mentioned. 

MEX'JOR, n. A wise and faithful counselor. 

Me/NO, \ , -' Jin Hindoo mythology, the 

ME'XoU,] cme ° ' \ ' son of Brahma, whose in- 
stitutes are the great code of Indian civil and re- 
ligious law. 

ME-PHiT'I€, \ a. Offensive to the smell; 

ME-PHiT'I€-AL.j poisonous; noxious. 

MEPH'I-TISM \ w " Fou1 ' noxious exhalations. 

MER'CAX-TILE (13), a. Pertaining to merchan- 
dise or the sale of goods and commodities, belong- 
ing to a merchant; trading. — Syn. Commercial. 
— Commercial is the wider term, being sometimes 
used to embrace mercantile. In their stricter 
use, commercial relates to the shipping, freight- 
ing, forwarding, and other business connected 
with the commerce of a country (whether exter- 
nal or internal), that is, " the exchange of com- 
modities;' 1 while mercantile applies to the sale 
of merchandise and goods when brought to mar- 
ket. As the two employments are to some extent 
intermingled, the two words are often inter- 
changed. 

MeR'OE-NA-RI-LY (13), ad. For hire or reward. 

MeR'CE-NA-RY, a. That is or may be hired ; 
purchased by money ; greedy of gain. — Syn. Ve- 
nal; hireling; sold; bought; selfish; mean; 
contracted ; n. a hired soldier ; a hireling. 

MER'CER, n. ' One who deals in silks and cloths. 

MER'CER- Y, n. The goods or trade of mercers. 

MER'CHAX-DlSE, n. The objects of commerce; 
wares, goods, commodities usually bought and 
sold ; trade ; commerce. 

MER'CHAX-DlSE, v. t. To carry on commerce ; 
to trade by buying and selling. 

MER'CHAXT, n. An exporter or importer of 
goods; a wholesale trader. In popular lan- 
guage, any trader or dealer in goods. 

MER'CHAXT-A-BLE, a. Fit to be bought or sold. 
—Syn. Marketable; vendible; salable. 

MeR'CHAXT- MAX, n. ; pi. Mee'ciiant-men. A 
ship employed in trade. 

MeR'CHAXT-TaI'LOR, n. A tailor who keeps 
for sale articles used in his trade. 

MeR'CI-FTJL, n. Having or exercising mercy; 
tender to' offenders; unwilling to give pain. — 



Syn. Compassionate; tender; gracious; clement; 
kind; humane; benignant. [ly. 

MeR'CI-FUL-LY, ad. With compassion ; tender- 

MER'CI-FlJL-NESS, n. Willingness to forbear 
punishment; readiness to forgive. — Syn. Mercy; 
compassion ; tenderness ; pity. 

MER'OI-LESS, a. Void of mercy; not sparing. — 
Syn. Cruel ; unfeeling ; unmerciful ; pitiless ; 
hard-hearted. [ly. 

MeR'CI-LESS-LY, ad. As void of mercy ; cruel- 

MER-€u'RI-AL, a. Composed of or pertaining to 
quicksilver ; relating to Mercury as god of trade ; 
activej full of vigor or fire. 

ME R-C u'RI-AL-iZE, v. t. To affect with mercury. 

MeR'CU-RY, n. Quicksilver; a planet; spright- 
ly qualities; name of a newspaper or periodical ; 
messenger or newscarrier. 

MeR'C Y, n. Disposition to treat with tenderness ; 
forgiveness of offenses; compassion to one in 
distress; act of sparing or forbearing; eternal 
life, the fruit of mercy. — Syn. Tenderness ; pity; 
compassion; clemency; grace, which see. 

MER'CY-SEAT (-sect), n. A covering of the ark 
among the Jews. 

MERE, a. This or that only; distinct from any 
thing else. — Syn. Sole ; alone; absolute; entire; 
unmingled. 

MERE, n. A lake ; a boundary. 

MERE'LY, ad. Thus and no other way ; for this 
aud no other purpose. — Syn. Simply; solely; 
purely; barely; scarcely; hardly. 

MER-E-TRi"C10US (-trish'us), a. Alluring by 
false show; false; gaudy. [ments. 

MER-E-TRI"CI0US-XESS, n. Deceitful entice- 

MeRgE, v. t. To sink ; to immerse. 

MERgE, v. i. To be sunk or swallowed up. 

ME-RID'I-AX, n. A great circle which the sun 
crosses at noon; mid-day; noon; the highest 
point ; the particular or distinguishing place. 

ME-RiD'I-AX, a. Pertaining to mid-day or the 
highest point ; being on the meridian ; extended 
from north to south. 

ME-RID'I-OX-AL, a. Pertaining to the meridian ; 
having a southern aspect. [ridian. 

ME-RiU'I-OX-AL-LY, ad. In a line with the me- 

ME-Ri'XO (-re'no), n. A variety of fine-wooled 
Spanish sheep or their wool ; a thin fabric made 
of wool. 

MeR'IT, n. Goodness which entitles to reward ; 
any performance or worth which claims regard ; 
excellence, as of a book ; that which is earned or 
merited. — Syn. Desert ; worth ; value ; excel- 
lence; reward. 

MeR'IT, v. t. To earn by services ; to have a just 
title to ; to deserve. 

MeR'IT-ED, a. Earned ; deserved. 

MER-1-To'RI-OUS, a. Deserving of reward. 

MER-I-To'RI-OUS-XESS, n. The state or quali- 
ty of deserving reward. 

MERLE, n. A blackbird. 

MER'LIX (13), n. A species of hawk. 

MER'LOX, n. A part of a parapet in fortification. 

MeR'MaID, n. A marine animal, said to resem- 
ble a woman above and a fish below. 

MeR'RI-LY, acZ. With mirth, gayety,and laughter. 

MER'RI-MEXT, n. Gayety with laughter; noisy 
sport. — Syn. Mirth; festivity; frolic; glee; joy- 
ousness; hilarity; jovialness; jollity. 

MER'RY, a. Xoisy with mirth ; causing laughter; 
brisk or vigorous, as a breeze; causing pleas- 
ure. — Syn. Gay ; cheerful ; blithe ; aiiy ; lively ; 
sprightly; gleeful; joyous; mirthful; sportive. 

MER'RY-aX-DREW, n. A buffoon ; one who 
makes sport for others ; a zany. 

MeR'RY-MaK-ING, n. A festival ; a meeting 
for mirth. 

MeR'RY-THOUGHT (-thawt), n. A forked bone 
of a fowl's breast. 

ME-SEEMS', v. imp. It seems to me. Wis.'] 

MES-EX-TER'IC,a. Pertaining to the mesentery. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — e as k ; o as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; this. * JS'ot English. 



MES 



274 



MET 



M£S'EN-TER-Y, n. A membrane to which the in- 
testines are attached. 

MkSH, n. A space between threads in a net. 

MkSH, v. t. To catch with a net ; to insnare. 

MRSH 'Y, a. Formed with net-work. 

MeS'LIN (mez'lin), n. A mixture of different 
sorts of grain ; wheat and rye mixed. 

ME$-MeR'I€ (mez-), a. Relating to or dependent 
on mesmerism. 

ME$'MER-I$M (mez'mer-izm), n. Animal mag- 
netism ; the power of communicating at will cer- 
tain influences to the mind of the person affected 
or put to sleep, in which questions are answered, 
&c. 

MeS'MER-IZE (m~z'-), v. t. To put a person in a 
mesmeric state or communicate a kind of Bleep, 
called sleep-waking. 

MESNE (meen). a. Middle; intervening. 

MeSS, n. A dish of food ; a medley ; an eating 
together ; a number of persons who eat together. 

MeSS, v. i. To join in a mess ; to eat together. 

MeSS, v. _t. To supply with a mess. 

MeS'SAgE, n. Notice or advice sent; communi- 
cation of a chief magistrate to the Legislature, or 
from one branch of a Legislature to another. 

MfiS'SEN-GER,) n. One who bears a message ; 

MeS'SA-GER, / one that foreshows ; in nauti- 
cal language, a small cable.— Syn. Carrier; intel- 
ligencer ; courier ; forerunner ; precursor ; har- 
binger; herald. 

MES-Si'AH, n. The anointed Christ the Savior. 

MES-SI'AH-SHIP, n. The office of the Savior. 

MES-SI-aN'I€, a. Relating to the Messiah. 

Mi";S'SIEUR$(m5sh'yerz), n.pl. Sirs; gentlemen. 

MeSS'MaTE, n. One who eats at the same table. 

MeS'SUAgE (mSs'swaje), n. In law, a dwelling- 
house and adjoining land. 

MES-Ti''ZO (mes-tO'zo) : n. The child of a Span- 
iard and a native Indian. 

*ME-TAB'A-SIS, n. IGr.J In rhetoric, transition. 

MET-A-CaR'PAL, a. Belonging to the meta- 
carpus. 

MET-A-€XR'PUS, n. The part of the hand be- 
tween the wrist and the fingers. 

ME-Ta€H'RO-NI$M (-tak'-), n. Placing an event 
after its real time. 

MeT'AL (met'tl or mEt'al), n. A simple, fixed, 
shining, opake substance, insoluble in water, but 
fusible by heat, as iron, silver, &c. ; spirit ; cour- 
age, for mettle. 

MET-A-LeP'SIS, n. In rhetoric, the conjunction 
of two or more different figures in the same word. 

MET-A-LEP'TIC, a. Pertaining to metalepsis. 

ME-TaL'LIG, a. Partaking of the nature of met- 
als ; consisting of metal. 

MET-AL-LiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing metal. 

ME-TAL'LI-FORM, a. Having the form of met- 
als ; like metal. 

MET'AL-LiNE, a. Pertaining to metal ; consist- 
ing of or impregnated with metal. 

MeT'AL-LIST, n. A worker or one skilled in 
metals. 

MET-AL-LI-Za'TION, n. Act or process of form- 
ing into a metal. 

MeT'AL-LIZE, v. t. To give to a substance its 
metallic properties. 

MeT'AL-LOID, n. A name applied to the metal- 
lic bases of the alkalies and earths. 

MET-AL-LoID'AL, a. Having a form or appear- 
ance like that of metal. 

MET-AL-LuR'gIC. a. Pertaining to metallurgy. 

MET'AL-LUR-6IST, n. One skilled in refining 
metals. 

MkT'AL-LUR-GY, n. The ait of separating, re- 
fining, and working metals. 

MET-A-M6RPH'I€, «. Noting the changes which 
minerals or rocks may have undergone since the 
original deposition. 

MET-A-M6RPH'I$M, n. In geology, the state or 
quality of being metamorphic. 



MET-A-MoRPH'0$E, v. t. To transform ; to 
change the form of, particularly the form of in- 
sects, as from the larva to the winged state. 

MET-A-MoRPH'O-SIS, w. ;pl. Met-a-morph'o-ses. 
Change of form, as from a caterpillar to a but- 
terfly. 

MeT'A-PHOR, n. A short similitude ; a word ex- 
pressing similitude. 

MET-A-PH6R'I€, Iff. Expressing similitude : 

MET-A-PH6R'IC-AL,f figurative. 

MET-A-PH5R'I€-AL-LY, ad. By a figure ; not 
literally. 

MeT'A-PHRaSE, n. A verbal translation. 

MET-A-PHRaS'TIC (-fras'tik), a. Literal ; ren- 
dered word for word. 

MET-A-PH ¥ S'I€, T a. According or relating 

MET-A-PHTS'I€-AL,f to metaphysics. 

MET-A-PH?$'I€-AL-LY, ad. By metaphysics ; 
in the manner of metaphysical science. 

MET-A-PH Y-SFCIAN (-fe-zish'an), n. One versed 
in metaphysics. 

MET-A-PH ¥8'I€S (-fiz'iks), n. The science of 
the principles and causes of all things existing ; 
hence, the science of mind or intelligence. 

MeT'A-PLASM, n. A change made in a word by 
transposing or retrenching a syllable. 

ME-TAS'TA-SIS, n. The translation of a disease 
from one part to another. 

MET-A-TSR'SUS, n. The middle of the foot. 

ME-TaTH'E-SIS, n. A figure by which the let- 
ters or syllables of a word are transposed ; in 
medicine, the change or removal of a morbid 
cause without expulsion. 

ME-Ta'YER, n. iFr.-] In France and Italy, a farm- 
er holding land for half the produce to the pro- 
prietor, who furnishes tools and stock. 

MeTE, v. t. To measure length or dimensions. 

MeTE, n. ; pi. Metes (meets). Limits ; boundaries. 

ME-TEMP-SY-€Ho'SIS (-se-ko'sis), n. Transmi- 
gration ; the passing of the soul into another 
body. 

Me'TE-OR, n. A luminous body passing in the air ; 
any thing that dazzles or strikes with wonder. 

ME-TE-oR'IC, a. Consisting in or pertaining to 
meteors ; proceeding from a meteor. 

ME-TE-6R'0-LlTE,t n. A meteoric stony sub- 

ME'TE-OR-iTE, j stance falling from the at- 
mosphere ; aerolite. 

ME-TE-OR-O-LoG'rC-AL, a. Pertaining to me- 
teorology. 

ME-TE-OR-oL'O-GY, n. The science of the at- 
mosphere. 

ME-Te'OR-OL t S, a. Having the properties of a 
meteor. 

Me'TER,) a Literally, a measure; hence that 

Me'TRE,] -which measures, as the arrangement 
of syllables and poetical feet; a French measure 
of length, nearly equal to 89|- inches. 

METE'WANDJ n. A staff or rod used as a meas- 

MeTE'YaRD, j ure. [water. 

ME-TH£G'LIN, n. A liquor make of honey and 

ME-THINKS', v. imp. It seems to me ; I think. 

MeTH'OD, n. An orderly arrangement ; way of 
doing things. — Syn. Mode; manner. — Methodiva- 
plies arrangement ; mode, mere action or exist- 
ence. Method is a way of reaching a given end 
by a series of acts which tend to secure it ; mode 
relates to a single action, to the form or mode of 
existence it assumes in its performance. Manner 
(from manus) is literally the handling of a thing, 
and has a wider sense, embracing both method 
and mode. An instructor may adopt a good 
method of teaching to write ; the scholar may ac- 
quire a bad mode of holding his pen ; the manner 
in which he is corrected will greatly affect his 
success or failure. 

ME-THoD'I€, I a. Ranged in convenient or- 

ME-THoD'I€-AL,f der; regular. 

ME-THoD'IC-AL-LY, ad. In due order. 

MeTH'OD-I$M, n. The doctiines and worship of 



I, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



MET 



275 



MIG 



a denomination of Christians founded by John 
Wesley; a cant term for great religious strictness. 

M£TH'OD-IST, n. An adherent to Methodism ; a 
cant term for one strictly religious. 

METH-OD-iST'I€, \ a. Resembling the Meth- 

METH-OD-iST'I€-AL,f odists ; partaking of 
the peculiarities of Methodists. 

MeTH'OD-IZE. v. t. To dispose in order; to ar- 
range conveniently. 

ME-THOL'GHT' (me-thauf), pret. and pp. of Me- 
thixk. It seems to me; I thought. 

MET-0-N*M'I€-AL, ) a. Used by way of met- 

MET-0-N¥M'I€, j onymy. 

MeT'O-NYM-Y or ME-T6N'Y-MY. n. In rhet- 
oric, a trope in which one word is put for anoth- 
er, as a table, for provisions. 

METRE, n. Measure. See Metee. 

M£T'RI-€AL, a. Consisting of measures, or due 
arrangement or combination of long and short 
syllables ; consisting of verses. [ures. 

ME-TROL'O-gY, n. Science or treatise on meas- 

MeT'RO-NoME, n. A clock-like instrument, with 
a short pendulum, for timing music, &c 

ME-TRON'O-MY, n. The measuring of time by 
an instrument. 

ME-TRoP'O-LIS, n. The chief city of a country 
or state. [city. 

MET-RO-PoL'I-TAN, a. Pertaining to the chief 

MET-RO-P6I/I-TAN, n. An archbishop. 

MET-RO-P0L'I-TI€, \ a. Pertaining to a me- 

MET-RO-PO-LIT'I€-AL, f tropolis. 

MET'TLE (mot'rl). n. Spirit; courage; vivacity; 
constitutional ardor. 

MET'TLtfD.or. High-spirited; ardent; full of fire. 

MeT'TLE-SGME, a. Full of spirit; having con- 
stitutional ardor. — Sy^. Fiery; spirited; lively; 
gay; brisk. 

MET'TLE-SGME-NESS (mEt'tl-sum-), n. The 
state of being high-spirited. 

MEW (m"0. n. A cage or coop; a sea-fowl. 

MEW (mu), v. t. To shut up; to confine in a cage 
or other inclosure ; to shed, as feathers. 

MEW (ma), v. i. To cry as a cat. 

MEWING, n. A crying, as of a cat; the act of 
casting feathers or skin. 

MEWL (male), v. i. To cry or squall as a child. 

MEWS (maze), n. pL Place for horses and car- 
riages. 

MeZ ZO-RE-LIeY'O (mcd'zo-re-leev'o), n. [It] 
Middle relief. 

M£Z'ZO-TiN'TO (med'zo-tIn'to),> n. [It.-] Anen- 

MEZ'ZO-TINT, j graving on 

copper in imitation of painting in India ink. 

+MEZ'ZO Vo'CE (mSd'zo vo'chu). [Jt] In music, 
denoting a medium fullness of voice. 

Mi'ASM, n. An infecting particle or substance 
floating in the air. 

Mi-aS'MA, n. ; pi. MT-as-ma'ta. Noxious effluvia ; 
infectious substance, or fine noxious particles of 
putrefying bodies floating in the air, and consid- 
ered to be noxious to health. 

Mi-aS'MAL, a. Relating to or impregnated with 
miasma. [miasm. 

Mi-A$-Ma.T'I€. a. Pertaining to or consisting of 

Ml'CA, n. A mineral capable of being cleaved 
into very thin and more or les ; transparent plates, 
used like glass for lanterns, stoves, &c. 

Mi-Ca'CEOUS (-shus), a. Partaking of mica. 

MICE n..pl. of Mouse. 

Mi€H'AEL-MAS (mik'el-mas), n. Feast of St 
Michael. Sept. 29 ; autumn. 

MiCK'LE (mik'kl), a. Much; great. [Scotch.] 

Ml'€RO-€OSM, n. Literally, the little world ; but 
used for man as an epitome of the universe, or 
great world. 

Ml-CRO-€oS'MI-CAL, a. Pertaining to the mi- 
crocosm. 

Mi-CRoM'E-TER, n. An instrument used for 
measuring small objects, spaces, and angles. 

Ml'€RO-S€oPE, n. A magnifying instrument. 



MI-€RO-S€fiP'I€, \a. Pertaining to a micro- 

Mi-€RO-S€oP'I€-AL, / scope ; resembling a mi- 
croscope ; very smalL 

MID', a. Middle; intervening, as in mid-air. 

MiD'DaY, n. Noon; the middle of the day; a. 
being at noon ; meridional. 

MID'DLE, a. Equally distant from the ends; in- 
termediate. 

MiD'DLE, n. The point equally remote from the 
extremes; the center; the midst; the time be- 
tween the beginning and the end. See Midst. 

MiD'DLE-ag^D, a. Being about the middle of 
man's ordinary age. 

MID'DLE-MaN, n. An agent between two par- 
ties; in Ireland, one who takes large tracts, and 
rents out in small portions at a much higher price. 

MiD'DLE-MoST, a. Being nearest the middle. 

MiD'DLING, a. Of a middle rank; moderate. 

MID'DLINGS, n. pi. The coarser part of flour. 

MIDGE, n. A gnat. 

MiD'-HEAV-JffN, n. The middle of the sky; the 
highest point of the ecliptic. 

MiD'LAND, a. Being in the interior country. 

MiD'LEG-, n. The middle of the leg. 

MiD'MGST, a. Middle. 

MID'NIGHT (-nite), n. The middle of the night ; 
twelve o'clock. [very dark. 

MiD'NiGHT, a. Being the middle of the night; 

MiD'RIFF, n. The diaphragm which divides and 
separates the thorax from the abdomen. 

MID'SHIP, a. In the middle of a ship. 

MID'SHIP- MAN, n. ; pi. Mid'shtp-mzn. In ship>s 
of tear, a kind of naval cadet or young officer. 

MiD'SHIPS, ad. Properly, amidships. In the 
middle of the ship. 

MIDST, n. The central point— St>\ Middle.— 
Midst is the superlative of mid (middle), denot- 
ing the very center, and hence implies "sur- 
rounded by," " involved in," " in the thickest of," 
as in the midst of a forest, of the waves, of dark- 
ness, &c. Middle has no such intensive sense, 
and is often applied to extent in only one direc- 
tion, as the middle of a line, of the street, &c. 
Midst is very frequently used abstractly or fig- 
uratively, as in the midst of afflictions, cares, 
&c. ; middle is never thus used with propriety. 
"We can not say. In the middle of my contempla- 
tions on that subject, but in the midst 

MIDST, ad. In the middle. 

MID 'STREAM, n. The middle of the stream. 

MID'-SuM-MER, n. The summer solstice. 

MiD'WaY (-wa). n. The middle. 

MID 'WaY, ad. Halfway. 

MID'WiFE, n. ; pi. Mn/wrvis. One who assists 
at childbirth. 

MiD'WlFE-RY, n. The art or practice of assist- 
ing women at childbirth; assistance at child- 
birth ; help or co-operation in production. 

MiD'-WIN-TER, n. The winter solstice, or rath- 
er middle of winter in February. 

MIEN (meen), n. The whole external appearance 
and carriage of the body. — Sxx. Air; manner; 
countenance; aspect; demeanor; deportment 

MIFF, n. Slight resentment ; peevishness. 

MIGHT (mite), n. Power; strength of body or 
physical power ; political power or national 
strength ; strength of purpose ; strength of affec- 
tion. — Stx. Power; force; valor; ability; vigor. 

MiGHT'I-LY (mi'te-ly), ad. Powerfully; with 
force. 

MIGHT'I-NESS (mT'te-ness), n. Power; greatness 
of strength; dignity; a title of dignity. 

MIGHT' Y (mi'ty), a. Having great bodily strength 
or physical power; having great command; strong 
in numbers; rushing with violence; eminent in 
intellect or acquirements : performed with great 
power ; very great, popular, or important. — Sv>\ 
Powerful; strong; vigorous. 

MIGN-ON-ETTE' (miu-yo-net'), n. [Fr.] A plant 
bearing flowers of an agreeable odor. 



dove, wolf, book ; ecle, bull ; yT'cious. — € as k : g as J : s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + Xot English, 



MIG 



276 



MIN 



Mi'GRaTE, v. i. To remove for residence to an- 
other country or state. 

Mi'GRa-TING, a. Removing from one state to 
another for residence. 

Mi-GRa'TION, n. Act of migrating; removal. 

Mi'GRA-TO-RY, a. Passing to a distant place for 
residence ; roving ; wandering ; passing from one 
climate to another, as birds. 

MILCH, a. Giving milk. 

MlLD, a. Gently affecting the senses; operating 
gently ; having tenderness of disposition ; not 
fierce, rough, or frowning ; not sharp or bitter ; 
moderately sweet or pleasant ; in a state of calm- 
ness or moderation. — Syn. Gentle ; calm ; soft ; 
mellow; tender; placid. See Gentle. 

MIL/DEW (ruil'df:), n. A thin whitish coating on 
plants, occasioning disease, &c. ; spots on cloth or 
paper. 

MIL'DEW, v. t. or i. To affect with mildew. 

MlLD'LY, ad. Gently; softly; calmly; moder- 
ately, &c. 

MILD'NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
soft, gentle, tender, moderate, or of pleasantly 
affecting the senses Syn. Gentleness ; calm- 
ness; softness; tenderness; clemency. 

MlLE, n. A linear measure of 320 rods, 1760 yards, 
52S0 feet, or 80 chains. 

MiLE'AgE, n. Fees for travel by the mile. 

MlLE'SToXE, n. A stone set to mark the distance 
or the space of a mile. 

MiL'IA-RY, a. Accompanied with an eruption 
like millet-seeds ; very small. 

MIL'I-TANT, a. Fighting; engaged in warfare. 

MILT TA-RI-LY, ad. In a soldierly manner. 

MILT-TA-RY, a. Pertaining to soldiers or arms; 
engaged in the service or derived from the ex- 
ploits of soldiers; conformed to the customs or 
rules of armies ; performed by soldiers ; warlike ; 
suiting a soldier. 

MILT-TA-RY, n. Soldiers; troops in general. 

MILT-TaTE, v. i. To oppose or contradict; used 
with against. 

MI-Li"TIA (me-lish'a), n. Men enrolled for mili- 
tary service in exigencies, but commonly pursu- 
ing their ordinary avocations ; citizen soldiers in 
distinction from regular troops. 

MiLK, n. A liquor secreted by mammiferous ani- 
mals for the nourishment of their young ; the 
white juice of certain plants. 

MILK, v. t. To draw milk from a cow, &c. 

MILK'i?N (mil'kn), a. Consisting of milk.. 

MILK'ER, n. One that draws milk. 

MILK'ING, n. The act of drawing milk from the 
breast or teats by hand. 

MiLK'-LiV-ERi?D, a. Cowardly; timorous. 

MiLK'MAN, n. A man that carries or sells milk. 

MiLK-P6R'RID&EJ n. A species of food com- 

MILK-PoT'TAoE, J posed of milk, or milk and 
water, boiled with meal or flour. 

MILK'-SCoRE, n. A scored account of milk. 

MILK'-SICK-NESS, n. A peculiar malignant dis- 
ease in some parts of the Western States, affect- 
ing farm-stock and persons who use the meat or 
products of the dairy of infected cattle. 

MILK'SOP, n. A feeble-minded man. 

MILK'-TOOTH, n. The fore tooth of a foal. 

MlLK'-TREE, n. A name of several trees yield- 
ing a milky juice fit for food, as the cow-tree. 

MILK'- WEED, n. An herb with a milky juice 
and seeds attached to a long silky down. 

MILK'-WHITE, a. White as milk. 

MILK'Y, a. Made of or like milk ; yielding milk ; 
mild ; timorous. 

MILK'Y-WaY (milk'y-wa), n. A broad luminous 
path or circle in the heavens. 

MILL, n. In the United States, the tenth of a cent. 

MILL, n. An engine or machine for grinding and 
reducing to fine particles; the building used for 
grinding. 

MILL, v. t. To grind, as grain, &c. ; to stamp 



coin ; to pass through a fulling mill ; to beat se- 
verely with the fists. 
MILL'-DAM, n. A dam to keep water for a mill. 
MIL-LE-Na'RI-AN, a. Consisting of a thousand 

years; pertaining to the millennium. 
MIL-LE-Na'RI-AN, n. One who believes in 

Christ's personal reign on earth for a thousand 

years. 
MIL-LE-Na'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrine of the 

millennium. 
MIL'LE-NA-RY, n. The space of a thousand years. 
MIL-LfiN'NT-AL, a. Relating to the millennium. 
MIL-LEN'NT-AL-IST, n. One who believes Christ 

will reign on earth a thousand years. 
MIL-LLN'NI-UM, n. A thousand years; the thou- 
sand years of universal holiness on earth. 
MlL'LE-PED, n. An insect with many feet ; the 

wood-louse. 
MiL'LE-PoRE, n. A kind of coral full of pores. 
MILL'ER, n. One who attends a mill ; an insect. 
MIL-LeS'I-MAL, n. Thousandth ; consisting of 

thousandth parts. 
MIL'LET, n. A plant or its grain, used for food. 
MIL'LI-GRAM, \ n. In French weights and 
+MIL'LI-GRAMME,j measures, the thousandth 

part of a gramme. 
MIL-LILT-TER, \ n. A French measure of ca- 
+MIL'LI-Ll-TRE,f pacity, the thousandth part 

of a litre. 
MIL-LIM'E-TER, ) n. A French lineal measure, 
+MIL'LI-ME-TREJ the thousandth part of a 

metre. 
MlL'LI-NER, n. One who makes ladies' caps and 

bonnets. 
MIL'LI-NER-Y, n. Head-dresses, bonnets, rib- 

bons, lace, &c. 
MILL'ING, n. The act or employment of passing 

grain through a mill ; the act of making a raised 

impression on the edges of coin, &c. 
MILL'ION (mil'yun), a. Ten hundred thousand. 
MILL-ION-AIRE' (-are'), n. IFr.] A man worth a 

million ; one of great wealth. 
MILL'IONTH (mll'yunth), a. The ten hundred 

thousandth. 
MILL'-PoND, n. A pond of water for driving a 

mill. 
MILL'-RaCE, n. A canal to convey water to a 

mill-wheel, or the stream. 
MILL'REA,f n. A coin of Portugal, worth about 
MiLL'REEj" $1 08. 

MiLL'-SToNE, n. A stone for grinding com. 
MiLL'WRiGHT, n. One who constructs mills. 
MILT, n. The spleen ; the soft roe of fishes. 
MILT'ER, n. A male fish. 
MiME, n. Among the ancients, a kind of farce ; 

an actor in such representations. 
Mi-MeT'I€, \ a. Given to aping or imitation ; 
Ml-M£T'I€-AL,j imitative ; apt to imitate. 
MiM'IC, I a. Imitative; inclined to ape; con- 
MIM'I€-AL,j sisting of imitation. 
MIM'IG, n. One who apes or imitates ; a buffoon ; 

a mean or servile imitator. 
MiM'IC, v. t. To imitate for sport ; to ridicule by 

imitation. — Syn. To ape ; imitate ; counterfeit ; 

mock. 
MIM'ICK-ER, n. One who mimics. 
MIM'I€-RY, n. Imitation for sport. 
MI-Mo'SA, n. A genus of plants ; the sensitive 

plant. 
Ml'NA, n. Ancient money ; in Greece, worth 

about $14. The Hebrew mina, in gold, was 

worth about $270 ; in silver, about $35. 
Mi-Na'CIOUS (me-nii'shus), a. Menacing ; threat- 
ening. 
MI-NaC'I-TY (me-nas'e-ty), n. Disposition to 

threaten. 
MIN'A-RET,«. A slender, lofty turret on mosques, 

with a balcony from which the people are called 

to prayer. 
MIN'A-TO-RY, a. Threatening; menacing. 



a, e, &c, long.—l, e, &c, short.— cake, fak, last, fall, what ; there, teem; mae'ine, bled; move, 



MIN 



277 



MIN 



MiNCE, v. t. To cut or chop into small pieces ; to 
cut off for the purpose of suppressing truth ; to 
palliate; to speak with affected softness; to walk 
with short steps. 

MiNCE, v. i. To walk with affected nicety ; to af- 
fect delicacy in manner; to speak softly. 

MINC/JD (minst),a. Cut or chopped into small 
pieces. 

SnS535£iT,} » *- "^ ei «■» fiM - 

MiNCE'-PiE > n. Pie made of mince-meat and 

MINOED'-PIE, / fruit baked in paste. 

MIN'CING-LY, ad. In small parts ; with short 
steps. 

MIND, n. The intellectual power of man ; the va- 
rious mental faculties, or their acts and exer- 
cises; the power of choice and the determination 
formed; the heart and affections. — Syn. Intel- 
lect; understanding; inclination; will; purpose; 
intention. 

MIND, v. t. To attend to ; to fix the thoughts on ; 
to yield to ; to put in mind ; to have an intention. 

MIND, v. i. To he inclined or disposed to incline. 
—Syn. To notice; mark; regard; observe; obey. 

MIND'ED, a. Disposed; inclined. 

MlND'FUL, a. Regardful ; observant ; attentive. 

MIND'FUL-LY, ad. Attentively; heedfully. 

MIND'FUL-NESS, n. Regard; needfulness. 

MiNE, a., called sometimes a pronominal adjec- 
tive. Belonging to me. 

MINE, n. A pit or place where minerals are dug; 
a source of wealth or good; a subterraneous 



MiNE, v. t. To dig away ; to sap ; to destroy 
slowly. 

MiNE, v. i. To dig a mine ; to form a subterra- 
neous canal, hole, or burrow; to practice secret 
means of injury. 

MIN'ER, n. One who digs mines, canals, &c. 

MIN'ER-AL, n. Name of the solid products of 
chemical affinity, such as stones, ores, salts, &c, 
existing on or in the earth. 

MiN'ER-AL, a. Pertaining to or impregnated 
with mineral substances. 

MlN'ER-AL-IST, n. One versed in minerals. 

MIN-ER-AL-I-Za'TION, n. Process of mineral- 
izing. 

MIN'ER-AL-IZE, v. t. To combine with a metal 
in forming an ore ; to impregnate with a mineral. 

MIN'ER-AL-IZE, v. i. To go on an excursion for 
observing and collecting minerals. 

MIN'ER-AL-IZii'D, a. Converted into or impreg- 
nated with mineral substances. 

MIN'ER-AL-lZ-ER, n. The substance which min- 
eralizes, [alogy. 

MIN-ER-AL-og'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to miner- 

MIN-ER-aL'O-gIST, n. One versed in the science 
of minerals. 

MIN-ER-aL'O-gY, n. The science of minerals. 

MI-NeR'VA, n. The goddess of wisdom, war, and 
the liberal arts. 

MIN G 'GLE (ming'gl), v.t. To unite in one body; 
to blend; to compound; to join in mutual soci- 
ety ; to contaminate or confuse ; to debase by 
mixture. 

MIN G 'GLE, v. i. To be mixed or united with. 

MiN G 'GL£JD, a. Mixed ; united promiscuously. 

MIN G 'GLER (ming'gler), n. One that mingles. 

MIN G 'GLING, n. Mixture ; a blending or mixing 
together. 

MlN'IA-TuRE (mln'e-tr.r or mm'e-a-tur), n. A 
small likeness ; a picture or representation in a 
small compass, or less than the reality. 

MIN'IA-TuRE, a. On a small scale. 

MlN'I-KIN, a. Small; diminutive; n. a darling; 
favorite. 

MIN'IM, n. A dwarf ; a note in music ; half a 
semibreve ; the smallest liquid measure ; a drop. 

♦MiN'I-MUM, n. ; pi. Min'i-ma. [L.] The least 
quantity. 



MIN'ING, a. Pertaining to or connected with the 
digging of mines ; n. the art or employment of 
digging mines. 

MiN'ION (min'yun), n. Primarily, a favorite ; 
one on whom a prince lavishes favor; hence, one 
who gains favor by obsequiousness and flattery; 
a small type for printing ; a cannon of small bore. 

MIN'ION-LIKE,) - • . Sa. After the nun- 

MiN'ION-LY, } min y un - } ' 1 ner of a minion , 
obsequiously; with mean adulation. 

MIN'IS-TER, n. An agent; a chief officer in civil 
affairs; an embassador or envoy; one who per- 
forms sacerdotal offices ; a pastor ; messenger. 

MIN'IS-TER, v. t. To give; to afford; supply. 

MIN'IS-TER, v. i. To perform service in any of- 
fice; to afford supplies or relieve distress. — Syn. 
To attend; serve; officiate; administer; relieve. 

MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a minister ; 
acting in subordination ; pertaining to executive 
offices, as distinct from judicial. — Syn. Official; 
clerical ; priestly ; ecclesiastical ; sacerdotal. 

MiN'IS-TRANT, a. Performing service ; attend- 
ant; acting at command. 

MIN-IS-TRa'TION, n. Agency; office; function; 
service. 

MIN'IS-TRY, n. Office; service; agency; eccle- 
siastical profession ; time of office or ministra- 
tion ; the executive council ov ministers of state ; 
business. 

MIN'I-UM, n. Red lead ; deutoxyd of lead. 

MINK, n. A small animal of the weasel tribe 
whose fur is valued. 

MIN'NoW, n. A very small fresh-water fish. 

Mi'NOR, a. Less ; smaller ; inconsiderable. In 
music, the minor key is that arrangement of 
tones and semitones used for the mournful or 
plaintive. 

MI'NOR, n. A person of either sex under age ; in 
logic, the second proposition of a regular syllo- 
gism. 

MI-NoR'I-TY, n. A state of being under age ; 
smaller number. 

MIN'O-TAUR, n. A fabled monster, half man 
and half bull. 

MIN'STER, n. The church of a monastery; a 
cathedral church. 

MiN'STREL, n. A singer or performer on instru- 
ments. 

MIN'STREL-SY, n. Arts and occupations of min- 
strels ; instrumental music ; a company of mu- 
sicians. 

MINT, n. The place where money is coined ; place 
of fabrication ; a plant. 

MINT, v. t. To coin as money; to invent. 

MINT'AgE, n. Duty for coining ; coinage. 

MIN'u-END, n. The number from which another 
is to be subtracted. 

MIN'u-ET, n. A graceful and regular dance. 

+Ml'NUS. [i-.] A term in algebra denoting sub- 
traction ; it is sometimes used for decrease or 
diminution. 

MiN'UTE (min'it), n. The sixtieth part of an 
hour ; note in writing. 

MiN'UTE (min'it), v. t. To note in few words. 

MI-NuTE', a. Very small; of little consequence; 
attending to small things; critical. — Syn. Cir- 
cumstantial; particular. — A. circumstantial ac- 
count embraces all the leading events ; a partic- 
ular account goes further, and includes each 
event and movement, though of but little im- 
portance ; a minute account goes further still, 
and omits nothing as to person, time, place, ad- 
juncts, &c. 

MIN'UTE-BOOK (min'it-book), n. A book for 
short notes ; a book of short hints. 

MIN'UTE-GrLASS (min'it-glas), n. A glass, the 
sand of which measures a minute. 

MIN'UTE-GuN, n. A gun fired every minute. 

MIN'UTE-HaND (min'it-hand), n. The hand 
that points to the minute on a clock. 



DO'. 



wolf, book; kule, bull; vi"cious. — e asn; g as j; s as z; en as sn ; this. 



Xot English. 



MIN 



278 



MIS 



MIN'UTE-LY (min'it-ly), ad. Every minute ; a. 
happening every minute. 

MI-NuTE'LY, ad. To a small point ; exactly. 

MIN'UTE-MeN (min 'it-men), n. pi. Men ready 
for service at a minute's notice. 

MI-NuTE'NESS, n. The state or quality of small- 
ness ;_ exactness. 

+MI-Nu'TI-^E (nie-nu'she-e), n. pi. [I/.] The least 
particulars. 

MiNX, n. A pert, wanton girl ; a she puppy. 

MI'O-CeNE, a. Less recent; a term applied in 
geology to the middle division of the tertiary 
strata. [told. 

+Mi-RaB'I-LE DiC'TU. [L.] Wonderful to be 

MiR'A-€LE (mir'a-kl), n. An act or event beyond 
the ordinary laws of nature; a wonder; a prod- 
igy. In theology, an event contrary to the es- 
tablished course of things ; a supernatural event; 
anciently, a spectacle or dramatic representation 
of the lives of saints. 

MI-Ra€'u-LOUS, a. Supernatural ; wonderful. 

Mi-RA-e'ti-LOUS-LY, ad. By miracle; wonder- 
fully. 

MIR-A-DoR', n. A balcony or gallery. 

+MI-RXGE' (me-riizh'), n. LFr.J An optical illu- 
sion from an unequal refraction on a desert or 
sandy plain, presenting the appearance of water 
or elevated objects; a looming. 

MIRE, n. Deep mud ; soft, wet earth. 

MIRE, v. t. To soil with mud ; to fix in mud. 

MIRE, v. i. To sink in mud, or sink so 'deep as to 
be unable to move on. 

MI-RiF'I-CENT, a. Causing wonder. 

MlR'I-NESS, n. The state of being miry. 

MiR'ROR, n. A looking-glass ; a pattern. 

MlR'ROR, v. t. To reflect or exhibit, as in a mir- 
ror. 

MiRTH (17), n. High excitement of feelings in 
company; noisy gayety. — Syn. Festivity; glee; 
hilarity; joyousness; frolic; fun; merriment; 
jollity. 

MiRTH'FUL, a. Merry; gay; jolly; festive. 

MiRTH'FFL-LY, ad. With joviality ; gayly. 

MiRTH'FUL-NESS, n. State of mirth ; tendency 
to mirth.' 

MiRTH'LESS, a. Having no gayety. 

MiRTH'LESS-NESS, n. Absence of mirth. 

MIR'Y, a. Full of mire or mud. 

MiR'ZA, n. A title of honor in Persia ; a prince. 

MIS, a prefix, denotes error, mistake, wrong, from 
the verb miss, to go wrong. 

MIS-A€-CEP-Ta'TION, n. A taking in a wrong 
sense. 

MIS-AD-VeNT'uRE (-vcnt'yur), n. An unlucky 
accident. — Syn. Mischance ; mishap ; misfor- 
tune; infelicity; disaster; calamity. 

MIS-AD-VeNT'uR-OUS, a. Pertaining to misad- 
venture. 

MIS-AF-FiRM', v. t. To affirm incorrectly. See 
Fiem. 

MIS-aIM^D' (mis-amdO, a. Not rightly aimed or 
directed. [ly. 

MIS-AL-LegE' (-al-lej'), v. t. To state erroneous- 
Mi S-AL-Ll'ANCE, n. Improper association. 

MIS-AL-LLED' (mis-al-lide'), a. Ill-associated. 

MiS'AN-THRoPE, \ A . . f mailkind 

MIS-aN'THRO-PIST,/ n - A hatei ot mmkma - 

MIS-AN-THRoP'I€, \ a. Having an aversion 

MIS-AN-THR6P'I€-AL, J to mankind. 

MIS-AN'THRO-PY, n. Hatred of mankind. 

MIS-AP-PLI-Ca'TION, n. Wrong application. 

MIS-AP-PLY', v. t. To apply to a wrong person 
or purpose. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HeND', v. t. To misunderstand; 
to take in a wrong sense. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HeN'SION (-hen'shun), n. A wrong 
apprehension of one's meaning or of a fact. — 
Syn. Misconception; misunderstanding; mistak- 
ing; mistake. [tion. 

MIS-AP-PRO-PRI-a'TION, n. Wrong appropria- 



MIS-BE-CoME' (-kumO, v. t. To suit ill; not to 
become. 

MIS-BE-HaVE', v. i. To behave improperly. 

MIS-BE-HaVTOR (-hav'yur), n. Ill conduct; 
bad practice. 

MIS-BE-LIEF' (-be-leef), n. False belief; false 
religion. [erly. 

MIS-BE-SToW'_(-be-sto'), V. t. To bestow improp- 

MIS-€aL'€U-LaTE, v. t. To calculate wrong. 

MIS-€AL-€U-La'TION, n. Wrong calculation. 

MIS-€ALL' (-kawl'), v. t. To name improperly. 

MIS-€aR'RIA6E (-kar'ij), n. Unfortunate event 
of an undertaking ; failure ; improper behavior ; 
act of bringing forth before the time. 

MIS-€aR'RY, v. i. To fail of success or of a 
proper birth; to fail of the intended object; to 
suffer a defeat. 

MIS-€aST', v. t. To cast erroneously; n. an erro- 
neous reckoning. 

MIS-CEL-LA-Na'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to miscel- 
lany ; n. a_writer of miscellanies. 

MIS-(JEL-La'NE-OUS, a. Mixed; mingled; con- 
sisting of several kinds. 

MIS-CEL-La'NE-OUS-LY, ad. With mixture or 
variety. 

MIS'CEL-LA-NY, n. A mixture of various kinds ; 
a collection of various kinds of composition. 

MIS-CHANCE', n. Ill fortune; ill luck.— Syn. 
Misfortune ; mishap ; misadventure ; infelicity ; 
disaster; calamity. 

MIS-CHaRgE', n. A mistake in charging. 

MIS-CHaRgE', v. t. To make a mistake in entry 
in a book, as an account. 

MIS'OHIEF (mis'chif), n. Something ill that dis- 
turbs; injury that annoys. — Syn. Damage; 
harm. — homage (L. damnum) is an injury which 
diminishes the value of a thing ; harm is an in- 
jury which causes trouble or inconvenience ; mis- 
chief is an injury which disturbs the order and 
consistency of things. We often suffer damage 
or harm from accident, or from the course of 
Providence, but mischief always springs from the 
perversity or folly of man. No one can tell the 
mischiefs which result to a community from a 
tattling disposition. 

MlS'CHIEF, v. t. To harm ; to injure. 

MIS'CHIEF-MaK-ER, n. One who makes mis- 
chief. 

MIS'CHIEF-MaK-ING, a. Causing harm; ex- 
citing enmity or quarrels. 

MIS'CHIEV-OUS (mis'che-vus), a. Making mis- 
chief; causing harm ; inclined to do harm. — Syn. 
Hurtful; injurious; harmful; detrimental. 

MIS'CHIEV-OUS-LY, ad. Hurtfully; with evil 
design. 

MiS'CHIEV-OUS-NESS, n. The disposition to 
do harm ; hurtfulness. 

MISCH'NA. See Mishna. 

MIS-CHOOSE', v. t. To make a wrong choice. 

MIS-CI-TA TION, n. A false quotation ; a wrong 
citation. 

MIS-ClTE', v. t. To quote erroneously or falsely. 

MIS-CLaIM', n. _ A wrong claim. 

MIS-€OM-PU-Ta'TION, n. False reckoning. 

MIS-€OM-PuTE', v. t. To compute erroneously. 

MIS-CON-CeIT' (-seet'),> n. Erroneous concep- 

MIS-€ON-C£P'TION, f tion; wrong notion 
or understanding of a thing. — Syn. Misapprehen- 
sion ; misunderstanding ; mistake. 

MIS-CON-CEIVE' (-kon-seev'), v. t. To have a 
wrong notion of. — Syn. To misapprehend ; mis- 
understand ; misjudge ; mistake. 

MIS-€53S T 'DU€T, n. Ill conduct; bad behavior; 
wrong management. — Syn. Misbehavior; misde- 
meanor; mismanagement. 

MIS-€ON-JeCT'uRE (-jekt'yur), n. A wrong con- 
jecture. 

MIS-€ON-Je€T'uRE, v. i. To make a wrong 
conjecture. 

MIS-€ON-Je€T'uRE, v. t. To guess M-rong. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short— cake, fae, last, fall, what; tjueee, tefjvi ; marine, liel ; move, 



MIS 



279 



MIS 



MIS-€OX-STRu€'TIOX, n. Wrong interpreta- 
tion ; mistake of the true meaning. 

MIS-€oX'STRCE (31), v. t To interpret -wrong, 
either words or things. 

MIS-€OUXT', v. t. To count erroneously; to 
mistake in counting ; v. i. to make wrong reck- 
oning. 

MIS-€OUNT , n. An erroneous count. 

Mi S't' RE-ANT, 71. An infidel; a vile wretch. 

MIS- DaTE', v. t. To date erroneously. 

MIS-DATE', n. A wrong date. 

MIS-DEED', n. An evil action. — Syn. Miscon- 
duct; misdemeanor; trespass; transgression. 

MIS-DEEM', v. t. To judge erroneously. 

MIS-DE-MeAX', v. t. To behave ill— with a recip- 
rocal pronoun. 

MIS-DE-MeAX'OR, n. Ill behavior ; offense less 
atrocious than a crime.— Syn. Misconduct ; mis- 
behavior; fault; trespass. 

MIS-DI-Re€T', v. t. To give a wrong direction 
to; to direct to a wrong person or place. 

MIS-DI-Ee€T'ED, a. Directed wrong, or to a 
wrong person or place. 

MIS-DI-ReS'TIOX, n. The act of directing 
wrongly; in law, error of a judge in charging a 

J U1 T- 

MIS-Do' C-doo'), v. t. or v. i. To do badly. 

MIS-Do'ER (-doo'er), n. One who does wrong ; an 
offender. 

MIS-Do'IXG, n. A wrong done; an offense. 

MIS-DOUBT , v. t. To suspect of deceit. 

MIS-DOUBT', n. Suspicion of crime or danger. 

MIS-EM-PLOY', v. t. To use to no purpose or to 
a bad purpose. [purpose. 

MIS-EM-PLOYJS'D', a. Used to a bad or to no 

MIS-EM-PLOY'MEXT, n. Ill employment; ap- 
plication to no purpose, or to a bad one. 

MIS-eX'TRY, n. A wrong entry in a book. 

MI'SER, n. An extremely covetous person ; a mean 
fellow ; a sordid wretch. 

MiS'ER-A-BLE, a. Very unhappy from any cause ; 
poor and worthless; causing misery; barren of 
good; deserving contempt. — Syn. Forlorn; piti- 
able; wretched; unhappy; mean. 

MIS'ER-A-BLY, ad. Wretchedly; very meanly. 

+MI$-E-Re'RE, n. [L.] In the Roman Catholic 
Church, the 51st psalm, appointed for acts of 
penitence. 

Ml'SER-LY, a. Very covetous. — Syn. Niggardly; 
parsimonious ; penurious. 

MIS'ER-Y, n. Great unhappiness ; extreme pain 
of body or mind; natural evils which are causes 
of wretchedness. — Syn. Wretchedness; anguish; 
distress; calamity; misfortune; covetousness. 

MIS-FeA'SAXCE (-fe'zance), n. Trespass ; wrong 
done. 

MIS-FoRM', v. t. To put in an ill shape. 

MIS-FORT'uXE (-fort'yun), n. Mischance; dis- 
aster. See Affliction'. 

MIS-GIVE', v. t. To fail in confidence; to give 
way ; usually applied to the heart. See Give. 

MIS-GIV'IXG, n. Failure of confidence ; distrust. 

MIS-GoT'T.EN (-got'tn), a. Ill gotten; unjustly 
obtained. 

MIS-GOVERN (-giiv'ern), v. t. To govern amiss; 
to administer unfaithfully. 

MIS-GOV'ERX-AXCE, n. Ill government ; disor- 
der; irregularity. 

MIS-GOV'ERN.E'D (-guv'ernd), a. Ill governed ; 
badly administered ; rude. 

MIS-GOV'ERX-MEXT, n. A bad administration 
of public affairs ; ill management of private af- 
fairs; irregularity; disorder. 

MIS-GUiD'AXCE, n. Wrong direction. 

MIS-GUiDE', v. t. To direct ill ; to mislead. 

MIS-GUID'ED, a. Led astray by evil counsel or 
wrong direction. 

MIS-GUID'IXG, n. The act of misleading. 

MIS-HAP', n. Ill chance or cross event. — Syn. 
Misfortune ; mischance ; accident ; disaster. 



MISH'MASH, n. A mingle or hotch-potch. 

MiSH'XA, n. A collection of Jewish traditions. 

MIS-IM-PRoVE' (-im-proov'), v. t. To use to no 
purpose or to a bad one. 

MIS-IM-PRoVED' (-proovd'), a. Used to a bad 
purpose. 

MIS-IM-PRoVE'MEXT, n. Ill use or employ- 
ment ; improvement to a bad purpose. 

MIS-IX-FoRM', v. t. To give a wrong account 
to; to furnish with an incorrect statement of 
facts. 

M. S-IX-FOR-Ma'TION, n. Wrong information. 

MIS-IX-FoRMi'D, a. Wrongly informed. 

MIS-IX-STRu€'TIOX, n. Wrong instruction. 

MIS-IX-TER'PRET, v. t. To explain erroneously ; 
to understand in a wrong sense ; to misconstrue. 

MIS-IX-TeR-PRET-a'TIOX, n. Wrong explana- 
tions. 

MIS-IX-TER'PRET-ED, a. Wrongly understood 
or explained. 

MIS-JOIN', v. t. To join improperly. 

MIS-JOIX'DER, n. In laiv, the illegal joining of 
several distinct demands in a declaration. 

MIS-JuDoE', v. t. To judge amiss; v. i. to form 
false opinions or notions; to err in judgment. 

MIS-JuDoii'D' (-judjd'), a. "Erroneously judged. 

MIS-JuD6'MEXT, n. Erroneous judgment; a 
wrong or unjust determination. 

MIS-LaID', pp. Laid in a wrong place ; lost. 

MIS-LaY' (-la'), v. t. To lay in a wrong place; to 
lay in a place not recollected; to lose. 

MiS'LE (miz'zl), v. i. To rain in very fine drops 
like thick mist. 

MiS'LE, n. A small rain like mist. 

MIS-LeAD', v. t. To lead into error; to deceive; 
to cause to mistake. — Syn. To delude. — To mis- 
lead is to lead astray in any manner; to delude 
is to do it by exciting the imagination. The 
former does not of necessity imply any bad de- 
sign ; a man may mislead us through false in- 
formation or erroneous judgment. The latter 
always supposes more or less of conscious inten- 
tion ; an impostor deludes his dupes by false pre- 
tenses and hypocrisy. 

MIS-LEAD'ER, n. One who misguides. 

MIS-LEAD_'IXG, n. A misguiding. 

MIS'L^-ToE. See Mistletoe. 

MIS-LIKE', v. t. To dislike; to disapprove; n. 
dislike; distaste; aversion. 

MiSS'LY, a. Raining in very small drops. See 
Misle. 

MIS-MaX'AgE, v. t. To manage ill ; to adminis- 
ter improperly. 

MIS-MaX'AgE, v. i. To behave ill; to conduct 
amiss. [conduct. 

MIS-MaX'AgE-MEXT, n. Bad management or 

MIS-MaX'A-gER, n. One who manages ill. 

MIS-MaRK', v. t. To mark erroneously or with 
the wrong token. 

MIS-MATCH', v. t. To match unsuitably. 

MIS-XaME', v. t. To call by a wrong name. 

MIS-Xo'MER, n. A misnaming; inlaw, the mis- 
taking of the true name of a person. 

MIS-OB-SERVE', v. t. To observe inaccurately. 

Mi-SuG'A-MY, n. Hatred of marriage. 

MIS-O-PiX'IOX. n. An erroneous opinion. 

MIS-PER-SUaDE' (-per-swade'), v. t. To persuade 
amiss, or to lead to a wrong opinion. 

MIS-PER-SUa'SIOX (-per-swii'zhun), n. False 
persuasion ; a wrong notion or opinion. 

MIS-PICK'EL (-pik'kl), n. An ore of arsenic. 

MIS-PLaCE', v. t. To put in a wrong place; to 
place on an improper object. 

MIS-PLaOZ?D', a. Placed wrong or on an im- 
proper_object. 

MIS-PLEAD', v. i. To err in pleading. 

MIS-POIXT', v. t. To point erroneously. 

MIS-PRiXT', v. t. To print erroneously. 

MIS-PRiXT', n. An error in printing; a devia- 
tion from the copy. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — € asK; <i as j ; s as z ; cu as sn ; this. * Sot English. 



MIS 



2S0 



MIT 



MIS-PRINT'ED, a. Erroneously printed. 

MIS-PRIS'ION (mis-prizh'un), n. Neglect: con- 
tempt; in law, the knowledge and concealment 
of crime without assenting to it, as of treason or 
felony. 

MIS-PKiZE', v. t. To value amiss ; to undervalue. 

MIS-PRO-FeSS', v. t. To make a false profession 
of ; to make pretensions to skill not possessed. 

MIS-PRO-NOUNCE', v. t. To pronounce wrong. 

MiS-PRO-NOUNGE', v. i. To pronounce incor- 
rectly. 

MIS-PRO-NUN-CI-a'TION (-pro-nun-she-a'shun), 
n. Wrong pronunciation. 

MIS-PRO-PoR'TION, v. t. To proportion wrong ; 
to join without due proportion. 

MIS-QUO-Ta'TION, n. Act of quoting wrong; 
erroneous quotation. 

MIS-QUoTE', v. t. To quote erroneously; to cite 
incorrectly. 

MIS-ReCK'ON, v. t. To reckon or compute falsely. 

MIS-ReCK'ON-ING, n. An erroneous compu- 
tation. 

MIS-RE-LaTE', v. t. To relate inaccurately. 

MIS-RE-MeM'BER. v. t. To remember amiss. 

MIS-REP-RE-SeNT', v. t. To represent falsely. 

MIS-REP-RE-SEN-Ta'TION, n. False representa- 
tion ; incorrect account given. 

MIS-RuEE' (31), n. Confusion; disorder; tumult; 
tumult from insubordination ; unjust domination. 

MISS, n. The title of a young woman. 

MiSS, n. A failure to hit ; a loss, mistake, or want. 

MISS, v. t. Not to hit ; to escape ; to fail ; to omit 
or pass by. 

MISS, v. i. To fail to hit ; not to succeed ; to mis- 
carry ; to mistake. 

MIS'SAL, n. The Romish mass-book. 

MIS-SeND', v. t. \_pret. and pp. Missent.] To 
send amiss or incorrectly. 

MIS-SERVE', v. t. To serve unfaithfully. 

MIS-SHaPE', v. t. To give an ill form to. 

MIS-SHaP#D', a. Shaped ill; deformed. 

MIS-SHaP'^N (-sha'pn), a. Ill formed; de- 
formed; ugly. 

MIS'SILE (mis'sil), n. A weapon intended to be 
thrown, as an arrow or bullet; a. thrown; that 
may be thrown. 

MISS'ING, a. Lost ; absent from where it was to 
have been found ; wanting. 

MIS'SION (mish'un), n. A sending or being sent; 
legation ; persons sent ; any number of persons 
appointed by authority to perform any service; 
a station of missionaries. — Syn. Message ; er- 
rand; commission; delegation; deputation. 

MIS'SION-A-RY (mish'un-a-ry), n. One sent to 
spread religion; a. pertaining to missions. 

MIS'SIVE, a. Sent, or that may be sent ; n. a mes- 
senger or letter sent. 

MIS-SPEAK', v. t. or v. i. To err in speaking; to 
utter amiss. 

MIS-SPeLL', v. t. To spell erroneously ; to write 
or utter with wrong letters. 

MIS-SPeND', v. t. To waste ; to lavish away. 

MIS-SPeNT', a. Ill spent ; wasted. 

MIS-STaTE', v. t. To state inaccurately. 

MIS-STaTE'MENT, n. An erroneous statement. 

MIS-STaY^/D' (-stiide'), a. Having missed stays, 
as a ship. 

MIST, n. Rain in very fine and almost impercep- 
tible drops; that which dims and darkens. 

MIST, v. t. To cloud or cover with vapor; v. i. to 
rain in very fine drops. 

MIS-TaK'A-BLE, a. That may be mistaken. 

MIS-TaKE', n. Error in opinion or judgment ; un- 
intentional error. — Syn. Misconception ; misap- 
prehension ; blunder ; slip ; fault ; miss ; over- 
sight 

MIS-TaKE', v. t. To take wrong; to conceive or 
understand erroneously; to misapprehend. 

MIS-TaK'.EN (-ta'kn), a. Being in an error; er- 
roneous; incorrect. 



One who mistakes or misunder- 



MIS-TaK'ER, n. 
stands. 

MIS-TAUGHT' (-taut'), pret. and pp. of Mis- 
teach. Wrongly taught. 

MIS-TEACH', v. t. To instruct erroneously. 

MIS'TER, n. A title of address used for master; 
abbreviated in writing, Mr. 

MIS-THINK', v. t. To think erroneously. 

MIS-THOUGHT' (mis-thaut'), pp. of Mistoenk. 
Thought amiss. 

MIS-TiME', v. t. To time wrongly; to err as to 
the time of doing any thing. 

MIS-TIME% v. i. To neglect the proper time. 

MIST'I-NESS, n. State of being misty ; a state of 
thick rain in very small drops. 

MIS'TLE (miz'zl), v. i. To rain in fine drops. See 
Misi.e. 

MiS'TLE-ToE,> , . , ... in. A plant that 

Mi$'LE-TGE, \ (mizzl-to), -J grow / on trees> 
venerated by the Druids. 

MIST'-LiKE, a. Resembling mist. 

MIS-TRaIN', v.t. To educate amiss. 

MIS-TRANS-LaTE', v. t. To translate wrong. 

MIS-TRANS-La'TION, n. An erroneous transla- 
tion. 

Mi S'TRESS, n. A woman who governs or teaches ; 
the female head of a family ; a female well skill- 
ed in any thing ; a woman beloved and courted ; 
a concubine ; a term of address, abbreviated in 
writing, Mrs. (mis'ses). 

MIS-TRuST', n. Want of confidence. 

MIS-TROST', v. t. To regard with jealousy or sus- 
picion ; to suspect ; to doubt. 

MIS-TRuST'FUL, a. Suspicious; apt to distrust. 

MIS-TuNE', v. t. To tune wrong; to put out of 
tune. 

MiST'Y, a. Raining in very fine drops; over- 
spread with mist ; dim ; clouded. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND', v. t. To misconceive: to 
take in a wrong sense. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND'ING, n. - Mistake of mean- 
ing; want of agreement in opinion or judgment. 
— Syn. Misconception ; misapprehension ; error ; 
disagreement; dissension; quarrel. 

MIS-u'SAgE «. Ill treatment ; abuse. 

MIS-uSE', v. t. To treat ill ; to use to a bad pur- 
pose. — Syn. To abuse ; maltreat; misemploy; 
misapply. 

MIS-uSE', n. Ill use ; improper treatment; wrong 
application, as misuse of words. — Syn. Abuse ; 
maltreatment ; ill treatment ; misapplication ; 
error. 

MIS-uSJFD', a. Improperly used; misapplied; 
abused ; misemployed. 

MIS-WED', v. t. To wed or match improperly. 

MIS-WRiTP:' (-rite'), v. t. To write incorrectly. 

MIS-W_ROUGHT' (mis-rawf), a. Badly wrought. 

MIS-YoKE', v. t. To join or yoke improperly. 

MITE, n. A very small insect or piece; a small 
piece of money about seven farthings : a particle. 

Mi'TER,\ n. A sacerdotal ornament worn on the 

Ml'TRE, j head by bishops, &c, on certain occa- 
sions ; figuratively, the dignity of bishops; in 
architecture, an angle of 45 degrees. 

Ml'TER, ) v. t. To dress with a miter; to unite 

Ml'TRE, / at an angle of 45 degrees. 

Ml'TERii'DJ (m :, tprA , Ja. Wearing a miter; 

Ml'TRJSD, f (mi tera; ' 1 joined at an angle of 
45 degrees. 

MITH'RAS, n. Ancient name of the sun ; a Per- 
sian god or good spirit. 

MIT'1-GA-BLE, a. That can be mitigated. 

MlT'I-GANT, a. Having power to alleviate ; len- 
ient ; easy ; diminishing pain. 

MIT'I-GaTE, v. t. To make less severe ; to relax ; 
to soften; to calm; to diminish. — Syn. To as- 
suage. — He who mitigates relaxes in respect to 
harshness; he who assuages actively lessens the 
pain of others. We mitigate by being less se- 
vere ; we assuage by being positively kind. A 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; tiieke, teem; mak'ine, bied ; move, 



MIT 



281 



MOD 



judge mitigates a sentence; friends assuage our 
afflictions. 

MIT-I-G-a'TION, n. Alleviation; diminution of 
any thing painful or calamitous. 

MlT'l-GA-TIVE, a. Tending to alleviate. 

MiT'I-G-A-TOR, n. He or that which mitigates. 

MIT'TEX, n. A cover for the hand Avithout fin- 
gers ; a kind of glove. 

MIT'TI-MUS, n. [Z/.] Warrant of commitment to 
prison ; a writ for removing records to another 
court. 

MITTS, n. pi Mittens ; a cover for the hand with- 
out or with only partial fingers. 

MIT'Y, a. Having or abounding in mites. 

MIX, v. t. ipret. and pp. Mixed or Mixt.] To 
unite and Wend promiscuously; to associate or 
to unite with a crowd or company. 

MIX, v. i. To become united or blended in a mass ; 
to be joined or associated. 

MIX'A-BLE, a. Capable of being mixed. 

MIX2?D (mikst), a. Promiscuous ; consisting of 
various kinds or things. 

MlX'ii'X (mik'sn), n. A dunghill or compost heap. 

MIX-TI-LIX'E-ARJ a. Containing a mixture of 

MIX-TI-LIX'E-AL,/" straight and curved lines. 

MIXT'ION (mikst'yun), n. A mixing ; promiscu- 
ous blending. 

MIXT'uRE (49) (mikst'yur), n. The act of mix- 
ing or state of being mixed ; a mass or compound 
of different ingredients ; the ingredient added ; a 
liquid medicine ; in cheviistry, the blending of 
several ingredients without alterations of sub- 
stances. — Syn. Union ; association ; admixture ; 
intermixture; medley. [rinth. 

MIZ'MaZE, n. A cant word for a maze or laby- 

M1Z'ZJ?X (miz'zn), n. The aftermost of the fixed 
sails of a ship. 

MIZ'ZJ^X-MAST (nuz'zn-mast), n. The mast 
nearest the stern. 

MIZ'ZLE, v. i. To rain in fine drops. See Misle. 

MlZ'ZLIXG, a. Falling in very fine drops, as a 
mizzling rain. 

MXE-MoN'IC, \ _-„,, J a. Assisting 

MNE-M6N1€-ALJ ( ne " mun ->> ■} the memory 

MNE-M6X'ICS (ne-mon'iks), n. pi. The art of 
memory; precepts and rules for assisting the 
memory. 

MXE-MoS'Y-NE (ne-mos'e-ne), n. In mythology, 
the goddess of memory. 

MoAX, v. i. To make lamentations.— Syn. To 
mourn; grieve; bemoan; sorrow; lament. 

MoAX, v. t. To bewail with an audible voice. 

MoAX, n. Expression of sorrow, suffering, or grief 
in cries or words. — Syn. Lamentation; groan; 
bewailing; wailing; mourning. [row. 

MoAX'FITL, a. Full of sorrow; expressing sor- 

MoAT, n. A ditch round the rampart of a castle 
or other fortified place ; v. t. to surround with a 
ditch for defense. 

MOB, n. A tumultuous crowd. — Syn. Populace. 

Populace (It. popolazzo) signifies the lower or- 
ders of the people taken collectively; a mob (L. 
mobilis, movable) is a riotous assembly of per- 
sons. A mob may be gathered and dispersed in 
an hour ; the populace is a permanent portion 
of society. 

M6B, v. t. To attack, as a crowd; to harass tu- 
rn ultuously; to wrap up in a cowl. 

MoB'BISH, a. Tumultuous, as a mob. 

MoB'-CaP, ii. A plain cap or head-dress for fe- 
males. 

Mo'BILE, n. The mob; the populace. 

MO-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of motion; fick- 
leness ;_in cant language, the populace. 

MoB'IL-iZE, v. t. [Fr.] To call into active serv- 
ice: applied to troops which, though enrolled, 
were not previously on the war establishment. 

MoC'CA-SIX (mok'ka-sn), ??. A shoe of soft leath- 
er without a sole ; a poisonous water-serpent — 
written also Moccason. 



MoCK, n. An act manifesting contempt; ridi- 
cule ; derision. 

M6CK, v. t. To imitate in contempt or derision ; 
to treat with scorn; to subject to disappoint- 
ment. — Syn. To mimic; deride; jeer; taunt; 
deceive. See Deiude. 

MoCK, v. i. To make sport, as in jest. 

MoCK, a. Imitating reality, but not real; coun- 
terfeit; false. 

MoCK'ER, n. One that mocks or derides. 

M6CK'ER-Y, ii. The act of deriding or exposing 
to contempt by mimicking actions or words; 
contemptuous merriment at persons or things; 
that which deceives, disappoints, &c. ; counter- 
feit appearance. — Syn. Derision ; ridicule ; 
scorn; sport deception; imitation; false show. 

MoCK'IXG, n. Derision ; insult. 

MoCK'IXG-BiRD, n. A bird of the thrush kind 
which imitates the notes of other birds with won- 
derful precision. 

MGCK'ING-LY, ad. With derision ; in contempt. 

MoCK'-OR'AXtiE, n. A shrub of the syringa 
kind. 

Mo'DAL, a. Relating to mode or form; consist- 
ing of mode only. 

MO-DaL'I-TY, ii. Accidental difference; the 
quality of being in form only. 

MoDE, n. Manner of existing or being ; that 
which can not subsist in or of itself, but inheres 
in some subject ; a scale of intervals or keys in 
music ; a particular manner of conj ugating verbs. 
— Syn. Manner ; method ; form ; fashion ; cus- 
tom ; way ; degree ; quality ; state. See Method. 

MOD'EL, n. A pattern of something to be made 
or imitated; a form in miniature; something to 
give shape to castings; that by which a thing is 
to be measured to be copied or imitated. — Syn. 
Copy; pattern; mold; example; standard. 

MoD'EL, v. t. To fashion; to shape; to mold; to 
form ; to delineate. 

MOD'EL-ER, n. One who shapes; a contriver. 

MOD'EL-IXG, n. The making of a model from 
which works of art are executed; the foundation 
of a work of art from some plastic material. 

MOD'ER-ATE, a. Observing reasonable bounds ; 
not excessive or extreme in opinion, tempera- 
ment, or action ; of a middle rate ; not violent. 
— Syn. Temperate; sober; limited; frugal; re- 
strainedj middling. 

MoD'ER-aTE, v. t. To keep within bounds; to 
restrain from excess ; to reduce from a state of 
violence ; to make temperate. — Syn. To regulate ; 
mitigate ; temper ; qualify : repress ; abate ; 
lessen ; allay ; still ; appease ; pacify ; quiet. 

MOD'ER-aTE, v. i. To become less violent ; to 
preside, as in a meeting. 

MOD'ER-ATE-LY, ad. Temperately; mildly. 

MOD'ER-ATE-XESS, n. State of being moderate ; 
temperateness ; mildness; a middle state between 
extremes. 

MOD-ER-a'TIOX, n. The state of being moder- 
ate ; -restraint of violent passions ; calmness of 
mind ; frugality in expenses. — Syn. Temperance ; 
forbearance; sobriety; equanimity. 

*MOD-E-Ra'TO. lit] In music, denoting move- 
ment between andante and allegro. 

MoD'ER-a-TOR, n. One who presides at a meet- 
ing. 

MOD'ERX, a. Xot ancient ; belonging to the pres- 
ent times. — Syn. Recent; fresh. — Modern is op- 
posed to ancient ; recent to what has been past 
for any considerable length of time. Modem civ- 
ilization, improvements, &c. ; recent advices, in- 
telligence, &c. 

MoD'ERX-ISM, n. Something of modern origin ; 
modern practice. 

MoD'ERN-lZE, v. t. To make modern; to adapt 
ancient things to modern style. 

MoD'ERX-iZiJD, a. Rendered conformable to 
modern usage or style. 



dove, woif, book; rule, bull; vfcious. — e asK: aas j; $ as z ; ch as sn ; this. * Not English. 



MOD 



282 



MON 



MoD'ERN-iZ-ER, n. One that renders modern. 

MoD'ERN-NESS, n. The state or quality of re- 
centness; novelty. 

MoD'ERNS, n. pi. People of modern times. 

MoD'EST, a. Restrained by a sense of propriety ; 
not bold or forward ; not presumptuous, arrogant, 
or boastful ; not loose ; not excessive or extrava- 
gant — Syn. Reserved ; bashful ; coy ; shy; decent; 
diffident; unobtrusive; chaste; virtuous. 

M6D'EST-LY, ad. With diffidence ; not boldly, 
loosely, or excessively. 

MoD'EST- Y, n. A lowly, unassuming temper ; 
unobtrusive deportment ; chastity. 

*MOD'I-€UM, n. LL.J A small quantity; a pit- 
tance. 

M6D'I-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be modified. 

MOD-I-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of modifying; par- 
ticular form or manner. 

MoD'I-FlED (-fide), a. Changed in form or 
external qualities ; qualified in exceptionable 
parts. — Syn. Varied ; diversified ; moderated ; 
tempered. 

MoDT-Fy, v. t. To change the form or external 
properties of a thing ; to vary ; to moderate. 

Mo'DISH, a. According to the mode ; fashionable. 

Mo'DISH-LY, ad. According to the fashion. 

MoD'u-LaTE (mod'yu-lute), v , t. To inflect or vary, 
as sounds ; to form sounds of a certain key, &c. 

MoD'u-La-TED, a. Formed to a certain key ; va- 
ried^ inflected. 

MOD-u-La'TION, n. Act of modulating; inflec- 
tion, as of the voice in speaking or reading; di- 
versified and proper change of the key in con- 
ducting a melody ; transition of one key to an- 
other; sound modulated. 

MoD'OLE (mod'yul), n. Representation ; meas- 
ure; size. 

MO-GuL', n. The prince or emperor of the Mo- 
guls in Asia. 

Mo'IIAlR, n. A soft and fine stuff of goat's hair. 

MO-HaM'MED-AN, a. Pertaining to Moham- 
med ; n. a follower of Mohammed. 

MO-HaM'MED-ISM, ) n. The religion of 

MO-HAM'MED-AN-ISMJ Mohammed, the im- 
postor. [15 rupees. 

Mo'IIUR, n. A British Indian gold coin, value 

MOI'DoRE, n. A gold coin of Portugal, value $6. 

MOI'E-TY, n. Half ; one of two equal parts. 

MOIL, v. i. To work with painful effort ; to toil ; 
to labor ; v. t. to weary ; to daub. 

MOIST, a. Moderately wet ; humid; damp. 

MOIST\Z?N (moi'sn), v. t. To make damp or hu- 
mid ; to wet in a small degree. 

MOIST'NESS, n. Moderate wetness; dampness. 

MOIST'ORE (moist'yur), n. Dampness ; slight 
wetness ; a small quantity of any liquid. 

Mo'LAR, n. A double tooth or grinder. 

Mo'LAR, 1 a. Grinding or having power to 

Mo'LA-RY,j grind. 

MO-LAS'SES (6) J n. sing. The sirup which drains 

ME-LAS'SES, j from Muscovado sugar when 
cooling; treacle. 

MoLD, ( n. [The second is the common spelling, 

MoULD,)" the first is most desirable.] Soft earth; 
a downy concretion ; matter of which any thing 
is formed ; a form or matrix ; a thin, flexible 
piece of timber, used in ship-building as a pat- 
tern by which to form the curves of the timbers ; 
a number of pieces of vellum, between two of 
which the leaves of gold and silver are laid for 
beating. 

MoLD, \ v. t. To model ; to shape ; to cause to 

MoULD,j contract mold; to cover with mold 
or soil. 

MoLD, \ v. i. To contract mold ; to become 

MoULD, / moldy. 

MoLD'A-BLE, \ a. That may be molded or 

MoULD'A-BLE,/ shaped. 

Mould er, } n - 0ne who gives sha P e - 



MoLD'ER, I v. i. To decay; to perish; to turn 
MoULD'ER,/" to dust; to waste away gradual- 
ly; v. t. to turn to dust; to waste. 
MoLD'ING, ) „ ... 

MoULD'ING, j* n ' y s cast ' a P ro J ect ion. 
MoLD'-W ARP, n. A mole. 
MoLD'Y, t r. j •«. 

MoULD'Y f Covered with mold. 

MoLE, n. A natural spot on the body; a mound; 
a mound ; a pier ; the port or haven formed by a 
mound to defend it from the force of the waves ; 
a little animal with very small eyes, that bur- 
rows in the ground. 

MO-L£€'u-LAR, a. Belonging to or consisting of 
molecules. 

MoL'E-€uLE, n. A very minute particle ; the ul- 
timate constituent of matter. 

MoLE'-Ey.ED (-Ide), a. Having small eyes. 

MoLE'-HiLL, n. A hillock raised by a mole. 

MO-LeST', v. t. To render uneasy or cause troub- 
le to. — Syn. To disturb ; annoy ; disquiet ; in- 
commodej inconvenience; vex; tease. 

MOL-ES-Ta'TION, n. Disturbance ; annoyance. 

M6L'LAH ; n. The title of a high order of spirit- 
ual and judicial officers in Turkey. 

M6L'LI-ENT (or mol'yent), a. Softening; assua- 
ging. Emollient is more generally used. 

M6L'LI-Fi-A-BLE, a. That may be softened. 

MoL'LI-Fi-ER, n. He or that which softens. 

MoL'LI-Fy, v. t. To soften ; to assuage ; to ap- 
pease; to_ qualify. 

MoL'LI-Fy-ING,«. Softening; assuaging; adapt- 
ed to soften or qualify. 

MOL-LuS'€A, n. pi. Animals whose bodies are 
soft and not articulated. 

MOL-LCS'€ANJ n. One of the mollusca ; a. per- 

MOL-LuSK', j taining to the mollusca or par- 
taking of their properties. 

MOULT \ v - *' To cast or shed featners ' hair > &c - 

MoLT'i?N, a. Melted ; made of melted metal. 

MoLT'ING, \ n. The act of shedding hair, 

MoULT'iNG,/ feathers, horns, &c. 

Mo'LY, n. Wild garlic. 

MO-LYB'DATE, n. A compound of molybdic acid 
with a base. 

MO-LYB-De'NA, n. An ore of dark red color 
somewhat resembling plumbago. 

MO-LtB'DE-NOUS, a. Pertaining to molyb- 
denum. 

MO-LYB-De'NUM, n. A brittle and very infusi- 
ble metal. 

MO-Lf B'DIC, a. Pertaining to molybdena; not- 
ing an acid obtained from molybdate of lead. 

MoME, n. A stupid fellow ; a stock. 

Mo'MENT, n. A minute portion of time; import- 
ance in influence or effect ; weight ; value. — Syn. 
Instant. — A moment (L. momentum, a very small 
particle) allows of a beginning and end ; an in- 
stant (L. installs, standing over us) is indivisible. 
The latter, therefore, expresses more brevity and 
urgency than the former. " Do it this instant" 
requires the utmost haste ; " Do it this moment" 
admits of no hesitation or delay. 

Mo'MENT-A-RI-LY, ad. Every moment. 

Mo'MENT-A-RY, a. Done in a moment; lasting 
a moment only. 

MO-MeNT'OUS, a. Important; weighty. 

MO-MeNT'OUS-NESS, n. State of being of great 
importance. 

MO-MeN'TUM, n. ; pi. Mo-men-ta. Quantity of 
motion ; force in a moving body. 

Mo'MUS, n. The god of ridicule. 

M6N'A-€HAL (mon'a-kal), a. Pertaining to monks 
or to a monastic life. 

MoN'A-CHISM (mon'a-kizm), n. A monastic life ; 
the state of monks. 

MoN'AD, n. An atom; a simple unextended 
point; a name given to the simplest kind of mi- 
nute animalcules. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mae'ine, bied; move, 



MON 



2S3 



MON 



MO-NAD'I€, T a. Having the nature of a mon- 
MO-NaD'I€-AL,j ad. 

M6N'AR€II, n. An absolute sovereign ; sole ruler; 
he that is superior to others of the same kind. — 
Syn. Emperor ; potentate ; sovereign ; king ; 
prince. 

MO-XaR€H'AL (mo-nSrk'al), a. Pertaining to a 
monarch ; supreme ; sovereign ; regal. 

MO-N a R€H'I€, I a. Pertaining to a monarch ; 

MO-NaR€H'I€-AL,J vested in a single ruler. 

M5N'AR€H-ISM, n. The principles of mon- 
archy ; preference of monarchy. 

M6N'AR€1I-IST, n. A friend to monarchy. 

M6N'AR€H-IZE, v. i. To play the king; v. t. to 
rule as a monarch ; to convert to a monarchy. 

MoX'ARCH-Y, n. A state or government in which 
the supreme power is in the hands of a single 
person ; a kingdom ; an empire. 

MOX-AS-TE'RI-AL, a. Relating to a monastery. 

MoN'AS-TEK-Y, n. A house of religious retire- 
ment for monks; a convent. See Cloister. 

MO-NaS'TI€, \ a. Pertaining to monks and 

MO-XaS'TI€-AL,J nuns; secluded from tempo- 
ral concerns. 

M0-XaS'TI€, n. One of the monkish order; a 
monk. 

MO-NaS'TI€-AL-LY, ad. Reclusely ; in retire- 
ment ; in the manner of monks. 

MO-NaS'TI-CISM, n. Monastic life. [week. 

MON'DAY (mun'dy), n. The second day of the 

♦M6NDE, n. [Fa] The world. 

MOX'E-TA-RY miin'e-ta-ry), a. Pertaining to 
money or moneyed concerns. 

MOX'EY (mun'y), n. ; pi. Mon'eys. Literally, cur- 
rent coin, and hence any circulating medium, as 
hank-notes, &c. , wealth; affluence. — Syn. Cash. 
— Money (nioneta) was originally stamped coin, 
and afterward any thing that generally takes its 
place in buying and selling. Cash, from the 
French caisse, a chest, was originally coin kept 
on hand for immediate use; and hence cash pay- 
ments are strictly payments in coin, though cur- 
rent notes are ordinarily received in such cases, 
because thev can always be cashed at the bank. 

MON'EY-BRoK-ER (mun'y-), n. A broker who 
deals in money or in exchanges. 

M0N'EY2?D (mun'id), a. Affluent in money; 
having money at command. 

MON'EY-ER, n. One employed at the mint, &c, 
in coining money. 

MON'EY-LESS, a. Having no money ; penniless. 

MON 'EY' S-WORTH (mun'ez-wurth), n. Full val- 
ue ; the worth of a thing in money. 

MOX G 'GER (mung'ger), n. A trader; a dealer. 
Now used only or chiefly in composition. 

MOX G 'GREL (mung'grel), a. Of a mixed breed. 

MOX G 'GREL, n. An animal of a mixed breed. 

MO-Xl"TIOX (-nish'nn), n. Instruction given by 
way of caution ; warning; information. 

MoN'I-TIVE, a. Conveying admonition. 

M6N'I-TOR, n. One who warns of faults or in- 
forms of duty ; in schools, a person authorized to 
look to the scholars or to notice absences, &c ; in 
zoology, a genus of lizards, so called because sup- 
posed to warn of the vicinity of crocodiles. 

MOX-I-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to or performed 
by a monitor; containing admonition; conduct- 
ed or given by monitors. 

MoX'I-TO-RY, a. Instructing by warning ; n. ad- 
monition ; caution. 

MONK (munk), n. A man who retires from the 
ordinary temporal concerns of the world and de- 
votes himself to the services of religion. 

MONK'ER-Y, n. A monastic life. 

MONK'EY (munk'y), n. ; pi. Moxk'eys. An ani- 
mal like the ape and baboon, but with a long tail ; 
a name of contempt or slight kindness; the 
weight of a pile-driver, a heavy mass of iron 
which descends with great force on the head of 
the pile. 



MOXK'HOOD (munk'-), n. The state of a monk. 

MONK'ISH', a. Pertaining to monks. 

MoX'O-CHoiiD, n. Originally, an instrument of 
music with one string. 

MON-0-€HRO-MaT'I€, «. Consisting of one col- 
or, or presenting rays of light of only one color. 

MoX'O-CHRoME, n. A painting with a 6ingle 
color. 

MO-Xo€'u-LAR, > Ravine one eve 

MO-NOC'u-LOUS, / a - lla ' ing ne eye * 

M6N'0-€uLE, n. An insect with one eye only. 

MON-O-DaC'TYL-OUS, a. Having one toe only. 

MOX'O-DIST, n. One who writes a monody. 

MOX'O-DY, n. A song by one person only. 

MO-NOG'A-MIST, n. One who disallows second 
marriages. 

MO-NOG'A-MY, n. Restraint to a single wife. 

MON'O-GRAM, n. A character used on seals, &c. 

MoN'O-GRAPH, n. A written account of a single 
thing. 

MON-0-GRAPH'I€, \ a. Pertaining to a mon- 

MON-0-GRAPH'I€-AL, j ograph ; drawn in 
lines without colors. 

MO-NOG'RA-PIIY, n. A description drawn in 
lines without colors ; a monograph. 

MoX'0-LITH, n. A pillar, column, &c, consist- 
ing of a single stone. 

MoX'O-LOGUE (mon'o-log), n. A soliloquy ; 
speech aside. 

MON-G-Ma'NI-A, n. Derangement of a single 
faculty of the mind, or with respect to a partic- 
ular subject. 

MON-O-Ma'NI-AC, n. A person affected by mon- 
omania ; a. affected with monomania. 

MoN'OME, n. In algebra, a quantity that has one 
term or one name only. 

MO-NOP'A-THY, n. Solitary suffering. 

MON-0-P£T'AL-OUS, a. Having only one petal. 

MoN'OPH-THONG, n. A simple vowel sound. 

MON-OPH-TH0N G 'GAL (mon-of-thong'gal), a. 
Consisting of a single sound. 

MO-NOPH'Y-SiTE, n. One of a sect in the 
Church who held that the two natures of Christ 
were blended so as to be but one. 

MO-N0P'O-LIZ T ER, } n - 0ne who monopolizes. 

MO-NOP'O-LlZE, v. t. To obtain possession of all 
the goods of one kind in market for speculation ; 
to obtain the exclusive right of buying and sell- 
ing, &c. ; to engross the whole. 

MO-NOP'O-LY, n. The sole power of vending 
goods either by engrossing by a license from 
government or purchase ; engrossment. 

MO-NOP'ToTE, n. A noun having one case only. 

MON-O-SPKRM'OUS, a. Having one seed only. 

MON-0-SPH£R'I€-AL, a. Consisting of one 
sphere only. 

MoN'O-STiCH (-stik), n. A composition of one 
verse only. 

MON-O-Sri/LA-BLE, n. A word of but one syl- 
lable. 

MoN'O-THE-ISM, n. The belief of one God only. 

MON'O-THe-IST, n. One who believes in only 
one God. 

MO-NOTH'E-LITE, n. One who held that the 
union of two natures in Christ produced but one 
will. 

MoN'O-ToNE, n. Sameness of sound or key. 

MO-XOT'O-NOUS, a. Continued in the same tone 
or with dull uniformity. 

MO-NOT'O-NY, n. Uniformity of tone, or want of 
inflections of voice or sound; uniformity; irk- 
someness or want of variety. 

+MON-SIEUR' (mos-seer'), a. ; pi. Mes-sieues'. 
[JFV.] Sir; Mr.: a Frenchman. 

MON-SOON', n. A periodical wind blowing six 
months from the same quarter. 

MOX'STER, n. An unnatural production, animal 
or vegetable; one unnaturally wicked or mis- 
chievous; something horrible. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vT'ciocs. — e as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en as sh ; mis. * Not English. 



MON 



284 



MOR 



MON-STRoS'1-TY, n, State of being monstrous. 

MoN'STROUS, a. Deviating from the natural 
form or common course of nature ; shocking to 
the sight, &c. — Syn. Unnatural ; huge ; strange ; 
enormous; extraordinary; horrible; frightful; 
wicked ; hateful, &c. 

MoN'STROUS-LY, ad. So as to shock or inspire 
terror or disgust. — Syn. Shockingly; hideously; 
terribly; horribly; enormously; extravagantly. 

MON-TaN'I€, a. Pertaining to mountains; con- 
taining mountains. 

MoN'TAN-IST, n. A follower of Montanus, a 
heretic who claimed that the Holy Spirit dwelt 
in and employed him. 

MONTH (miinth), n. One revolution of the moon ; 
also, the twelfth part of the year ; four weeks. 

MoNTH'LY (munth'ly), a. Happening every 
month; continued or performed in a month; n. 
monthly publication ; ad. once in every month. 

MON'u-MENT, n. Any thing by which the mem- 
ory of a person or event is preserved ; something 
to mark bounds of states, &c. ; a thing that re- 
minds or gives notice Syn. Remembrance ; 

memorial ; tombstone ; cenotaph. 

MON-u-MeNT'AL, a. Pertaining to a monument 
or tomb ; preserving memory. 

MOOD, n. Temper of mind ; the form of an argu- 
ment; style of music; variation of a verb. — Syn. 
Humor ; frame ; disposition ; inclination ; style ; 
mode ; manner. 

MOOD'I-LY, ad. In a sad or peevish manner. 

MOOD'Y, a. Governed by moods of feeling; sad; 
ill-humored ; exasperated. — Syn. Gloomy. — 
Moody agrees with gloomy in being an unhappy 
state, but differs from it in expressing a wide 
range of fitful emotions, such as discontent, 
ill humor, peevishness, anger, &c. 

MOOL'LAH. See Mollah. 

MOON, n. A secondary planet; a satellite of this 
earth, and revolving round it ; a month. 

MOON'-BEAM, n. A ray of light from the moon. 

MOON'-CaLF (-kiif), n. A monster; false con- 
ception; dolt. 

MOONJJD (moond), a. Like the new moon ; taken 
for the moon. 

MOON'ETJ^D (-ide), a. Having eyes affected by 
the moon ; dim-eyed ; purblind. 

MOON'ISH, a. Like the moon ; variable. 

MOON'LIGHTJ n. The light afforded by the 

MOON'SHINE, j moon ; figuratively, show with- 
out substance. 

MOON'SHEE, n. Name in India of a Mohammed- 
an teacher of languages. 

MOON '-STRUCK, a. Affected by the moon. 

MOON'Y, a. Having a crescent for a standard; 
lunated. 

MOOR, n. A marsh ; a fen ; a tract of low land, or 
covered with heath ; a native of the northern 
coast of Africa. 

MOOR, v. t. To secure by cables and anchors; v. 
i. to be confined by cables or chains. 

MOOR'AgE, n. A place for mooring. 

MOOR'-COCK, ) 

MOOR'-FOWL, f n. Names given to the red 

MOOR'-G AME, C grouse, gor-cock, or water-hen. 

moor'-hen, ; 

MOOR'INGS, n. pi. Anchors, chains, and bridles 
to keep a ship fast. 

MOOR'ISH, a. Marshy; fenny; pertaining to the 
Moors in Africa. 

MOOR'LAND, n. A marsh ; a cold, hilly land. 

MOOSE, n. A quadruped ; the largest of the cer- 
vine kind ; the elk of Europe. 

MOOT, v. t. To debate ; to discuss ; v. i. to argue 
or plead on a supposed cause ; applied chiefly to 
the disputes of students in law by way of exer- 
cise. 

MOOT, 



MOOT'-CaSE, i n. 
MOOT'-POINT,) 



A case admitting of dispute. 



MOOT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being mooted or 
debated._ 

MOOT'-CoURT, n. A meeting or court for dis- 
cussing points of law. 

MOOT'ED, a. Debated; disputed; controverted. 

MOOT'ER, n. A disputer of a mooted case. 

MOOT'ING, n. The exercise of disputing or de- 
bating. 

M6P, n. A cloth or collection of thrums fixed to a 
handle for cleaning a floor; v. t. to wipe with a 
mop ; v. i. to make wry faces. 

MoPE, v. i. To be dull or spiritless ; to be gloomy ; 
to drowse; v. t. to make stupid or spiritless. 

MoPE, n. A dull, stupid person ; a drone. 

MoP'ING, a. Affected with dullness; spiritless; 
gloomy. 

MoP'ISH, a. Dull; spiritless; stupid. 

MoP'ISH-NESS, n. State of dejection; dullness; 
stupidity. 

MoP'PET,) », A rag baby; a puppet; a little 

MoP'SEY.f" girl. 

MO-RaINE', n. A name for deposits of debris at 
the bases and edges of glaciers, &c. 

MOR'AL, a. Pertaining to practice or manners 
in reference to right or wrong; conformed to 
rules of right; virtuous; subject to the moral 
law ; supported by the evidence of reason or prob- 
ability. 

MoR'AL, n. The meaning or doctrine inculcated 
by a fable. 

MoR'AL-IST, n. One who teaches morality; a 
merernoral person. 

MO-RAL'I-TY, n. System or practice of moral 
duties; a kind of allegorical play. 

M6R'AL-iZE, v. t. To make moral reflections on ; 
to render moral ; to apply to moral purposes. 

MoR'AL-IZE, v. i. To speak or write on moral 
subjects, or to make moral reflections. 

M6R'AL-lZ-ER, n. One that moralizes. 

M6R'AL-IZ-ING, n. The application of facts to a 
moral purpose; the making of moral reflections. 

MoR'AL-LY, ad. In an ethical sense ; honestly ; 
according to moral rules in external deportment. 

MoR'ALS, n. pi. Practice of the duties of life ; 
course of life as to good or evil. 

MO-RaSS', n. A tract of soft, wet ground ; a marsh. 

MO-RaSS'Y, a. Consisting of morass. 

MO-Ra'VI-AN, n. One- of the United Brethren. 

MoR'BID, a. Not sound or healthy. — Syn. Dis- 
eased. — Morbid is sometimes used interchangea- 
bly with diseased, but is commonly applied, in a 
somewhat technical sense, to cases of a prolonged 
nature, as a morbid condition of the nervous sys- 
tem, a morbid sensibility, &c. 

MOR-BIF'IC-AL j °" Tendin S to produce disease. 

MOR-BoSE', a. Unsound ; unhealthy. 

+MOR-CEAU' (mor-so'), n. ; pi. Moe-ceatjx'. [jFV.] 
A bit;_a morsel. 

MOR-Da'CIOUS (-dii'shus), a. Biting; given to 
biting; sarcastic. [ing. 

MOR-DaC'I-TY (-das'e-ty), n. The quality of bit- 

MoR'DANT, n. A substance to fix colors ; any 
sticky matter by which gold leaf is made to in- 
here ; a. having the quality of seizing hold or fix- 
ing colors. 

M6R'DI-€ANT, a. Biting; acrid. 

MOR-DI-€a'TION, n. Act of biting; corrosion. 

MoRE, n. A greater quantity, amount, or number. 

MoRE, a. The comparative degree of much and 
of many. Greater in quantity, degree, or amount ; 
additional. 

MoRE, ad. To a greater degree ; further. 

MO-REEN', n. A stout woolen stuff used for cur- 
tains, &c. [land. 

MoRE'LAND, n. A hilly country. See Moor- 

MoRE-o'VER, ad. Beyond what has been said; 
further. — Syn. Besides. — Besides (by the side of) 
denotes simply that a connection exists between 
what has been said and what is now to be 6aid. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, pall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



MOR 



285 



MOT 



Moreover (more than all that) marks the addition 
of something particularly important to be con- 
sidered. 

+MO-RESQUE' (mo-resk'), a. IFr.] Done after 
the manner of the Moors ; the same as arabesque. 

MO-RfiSQUE', n. A species of painting or carving 
in the Moorish manner; arabesque. 

MOR-GAN-aT'IC, a. Applied to a marriage 
among German princes to an inferior, in which 
neither the wife nor her children can enjoy the 
rank or inherit the possessions of her husband. 

+MORGUE (morg), n. [Fr.] A place for exposing 
the. bodies of persons found dead to be recognized 
by friends. 

MoR'I-BUND, a. In a state of dying ; n.- a dying 
person. 

MoR'I-ON, n. A helmet or casque for the head. 

MO-RlS'€0,t n. A dance ; the morris-dance or 

Mo'RISK, j the dancer. 

MoR'MON, \n. One of a sect; a follower of 

M6R'MON-iTE,j one Joseph Smith, who claim- 
ed to have found a book called the Golden Bible, 
written on golden plates, published by the name 
of the Book of Mormon. 

MoR'MON-ISM, n. The doctrines and principles 
of the Mormons. 

MORN, \n. The first part of the day; the 

MoRN'INGJ first or early part. 

MoRN'ING, a. Pertaining to the early part of the 
day. 

MoRN'ING-STaR, n. Venus shining in the 
morning. 

MO-R6€'€0, n. Leather of goat or sheep skin 
dressed with sumach, said to be borrowed from 
the Moors. 

MO-RoNE', n. A deep crimson color. See Ma- 
roon. 

MO-RoSE', a. Of a sour temper.— Syn. Gruff; 
crabbed; sullen; sour; peevish; cross; surly; 
austere; gloomy; ill-humored. 

MO-RoSE'LY, ad. Sullenly; peevishly. 

MoR'PHE-US, n. The god of dreams. 

MoR'PIIEW, n. Scurf on the face. 

MoR'PHI-A, \ n. A. vegetable alkaloid extracted 

MoR'PHlNEJ from opium. 

MoR'RIS, \ n. A Moorish dance, usually 

MoR'RIS-DANCE,] performed with castanets, 
tambours, &c. ; a game played in a field or on a 
board, called also nine men's moms from the 
nine holes used. 

MoR'RIS-DAN'CER, n. One who dances the 
morris dance. 

MOR'RoW (inor'ro), n. The next day after the 
present. 

MoRSE, n. The sea-horse or walrus. 

MoR'SEL, n. A bite ; mouthful ; small piece. 

+M5RT, n. [F.] A tune sounded at the death of 
gnme ; a salmon in the third year. 

MoR'TAL, a. Subject to death ; deadly; human. 

MoR'TAL, n. A man subject to death. 

MOR-TAL'I-TY, n. Subjection to death; death; 
frequent death. 

MoR'TAL-LY, ad. So as to destroy life ; fatally ; 
greatly. 

MoR'TAR, n. A mixture of lime and water ; a 
vessel in which substances are pounded ; a piece 
of ordnance for throwing bombs. 

MoRT'GAgE (mor'gaje), n. The state of being 
pledged ; the pledge of goods and chattels to se- 
cure payment of a debt. 

MoRT'GAgE (mor'gaje), v. t. To pledge or con- 
vey in fee, as real estate, for securing a debt ; to 
make over for security. 

MoRT'GAgFD (mor'gajd), a. Conveyed in fee 
as securitv for payment of money. 

MoRT'GAgE-DEED, n. A deed given by way 
of mortgage. 

MORT-GA-gEE' (mor-ga-jeeO, n. One to whom 
a mortgage is given. 

MoRT'GA-gER (mor'ga-jer, n. One who executes 



a mortgage. If accented on the last syllable, it 
should be spelt mort-yage-or'. 

MOR-TI-FI-Ca'TIOX, n. Death of one part of 
an animal body; a gangrene; act of mortifying; 
humiliation. 

MoR'TT-FIFD, a. Affected by gangrene, &c. ; 
humbled ; subdued. 

MoR'TI-Fy, v. t. To destroy the vital functions 
of some part of a living animal; to bring into 
subjection or keep in check ; to affect with slight 
vexation ; v. i. to lose vitality ; to gangrene ; to 
be subdued: to practice severities and penance, 
&c. — Syn. To corrupt ; subdue ; abase ; humble ; 
reduce; restrain; depress; vex. 

MoR'TI-FT'-ING, a. Humiliating ; tending to 
abase. 

MoR'TlSE (mor'tis), n. A cut to receive a tenon, 
&c. ; v.t. to form or to join with a mortise. 

MORT'MaIN, n. In law, possession of lands or 
tenements in dead hands; an inalienable estate. 

MoRT'0-A-RY, n. A gift left at death to a church ; 
a. belonging to burials. 

MO-Sa'IC, \ a. Pertaining to Moses, the lead- 

MO-$a'I€-AL, j er of the Israelites from Egypt ; 
pertaining to or composed of mosaic. 

MO-Sa'IC, n. Work variegated with pieces of 
glass, marbles, precious stones, &c, to imitate 
painting. 

MoS'LEM, n. A Mohammedan. 

MoSQUE (mosk), n. A Mohammedan house of 
worship. 

MOS-Qui'TO, n. See Musqttito. 

M6SS, n. A vegetable growing on trees, &c. ; V.t. 
to cover with moss by natural growth. 

MoSS'-CLaD, a. Covered with moss. 

MoSS'-GRoWN, a. Overgrown with moss. 

M6SS'I-NESS,n. State of being covered with moss. 

MoSS'-LaND, n. Land produced by aquatic 
plants forming peat, bogs, &c. 

M6SS'-TROOP-ER, n. A robber; a bandit. 

MoSS'Y, a. Overgrown or shaded with moss ; 
abounding with moss. 

MoST, a. Superlative of more. Consisting of the 
greatest number or quantity ; greatest. 

MoST, n. The greatest number or quantity. 

MoST, ad. In the greatest degree. 

MoS'TIC, n. A maulstick or painter's stick to 
support the hand. 

MoST'LY, ad. For the greatest part; usually. 

MoTE, n. A very small particle ; a spot. 

MoTE, for mought or must. [06s.] 

MO-TeT', n. A musical composition consisting 
of from eight to ten parts. 

MoTH, n. A small insect that eats cloth. 

MoTII'-kAT, v. t. To eat or prey upon, as a moth. 

MoTH'-EAT-FN (-e-tn), a. Eaten by moths. 

MoTH'ER (muth'er), n. A familiar term of ad- 
dress of an old woman or matron ; an appellation 
to a woman who exercises care or tenderness or 
gives advice ; a female parent ; that which has 
produced any thing ; a slimy substance in vinegar. 

MoTH'ER (mQth'er), a. Received by birth ; na- 
tive; natural; vernacular. 

MoTH'ER (muth'er), v. i. To concrete, as thick 
matter of liquors. 

MoTH'ER Ca'REY'S CHiCK'EN, n. A name 
given by sailors to the stormy petrel. 

M6T H'ER-IIOOD (muth'er-), n. The state of a 
mother. 

MoTH'ER-IN-LAW (muth'er-), n. The mother 
of a husband or wife. 

MOTH'ER-LESS (muth'er-), a. Having no mother. 

MoTH'ER-LY (muth'er-), a. Pertaining to or be- 
coming a mother ; like a mother ; parental. — 
—Syn. Maternal. — Motherly, being Saxon, is the 
more familiar word of the two when both have 
the same meaning. Besides this, maternal is 
confined to the feelings of a mother toward her 
own children, whereas motherly (mother-like) 
has a secondary sense, as in the expression moth- 



i)6 ve, wolf, book; rule, bull; vi"cious. — € as k; (i as j ; s as z; en as su ; this. + Sot English. 



MOT 



286 



MOV 



erly care, &c. , denoting a care like that of a moth- 
er for her offspring. There is, perhaps, a grow- 
ing tendency thus to separate the two, confining 
motherly to the latter signification. 

M6TH'ER-OF-PEARL (muth'er-of-perl), n. The 
hard, silvery, brilliant layer of several kinds of 
shells, especially of the oyster, in which pearls 
are generated. 

MdTH'ER-WiT, n. Native wit; common sense. 

MoTH'ER-WoRT, n. A bitter herb used in med- 
icine. 

MoTH'Y, a. Full of moths. 

Mo'TION, n. Act of changing place; animal life 
and action; manner of moving the body; gait; 
military movement; excitement; direction; tend- 
ency ; effect of impulse ; proposition offered. See 
Movement. 

Mo'TION, v. t. or v. i. To point; to point out, as 
he motioned to me to be seated. — Syn. To move. 
— Motion was formerly used to a limited extent 
for making a motion in a deliberative assembly, 
but is now superseded by move. 

Mo'TION-LESS, a. Having no motion ; quiescent. 

Mo'TiVE, a. Causing to move; having power to 
move. 

Mo'TiVE, n. That which moves the will or de- 
termines the choice ; that which incites or tends 
to incite us to action. — Syn. Inducement; rea- 
son. — Motive is the word ordinarily used in speak- 
ing of that which determines the choice. "We call 
it an inducement when it is attractive in its na- 
ture, leading us forward by an appeal to our nat- 
ural desires for good ; we call it a reason when it 
is more immediately addressed to the intellect in 
the form of argument. 

MO-TIV'I-TY, n. Power of producing motion ; 
the quality of being influenced by motives. 

MoT'LEY (mot'ly),a. Variegated in color; com- 
posed of different or various parts, colors, charac- 
ters, or kinds ; spotted. 

*Mo'TOR, n. [Iy.] A mover or moving power. 

MoT'TLJED (mot'tld), a. Marked with spots of 
different colors or shades of colors. 

MoT'TO, n. ; pi. Mot'toes. An inscription ; a 
phrase prefixed to an essay, or added to a device. 

MoULD,f v. t. To cause to contract mold ; v. i. 

M5LD, j" to become moldy. See Mold and the 
various derivatives. 

MoULD,) , -, •,, \n. Soft earth ; a matrix ; a 

mold, j-( mold )^ S pot. 

M5ED'A-tLE E, [ a - That may be moulded. 
MoULD'ER,) v. i. To turn to dust by natural de- 
MoLD'ER, J cay ; to crumble. 

"-nesT! "• The -*• ° f b *e -a* 

MoULD'Y (mold'y), a. Covered with concretions. 

MoULT,T V. t. To shed or cast the hair, feathers, 

MoLT, f skin, or horns. See Molt and its de- 
rivatives. 

MOUND, n. A bank to fortify or defend. 

MOUND, v. t. To fortify with a mound. 

MOUNT, n. A mass of earth or rock rising above 
the surrounding surface ; a hill ; mountain ; 
heap. 

MOUNT, V. i. To rise on high ; to tower ; to be 
built up to a great height ; to leap on an animal ; 
to get on horseback ; to rise in value. 

MOUNT, v. t. To raise or lift on high ; to ascend, 
climb, or scale ; to place one's self on horseback ; 
to furnish with horses ; to prepare for use or em- 
bellish ; to be furnished with guns, as a vessel ; 
to place on a carriage, as cannon. 

MOUNT' AIN (mount'in), n. A high or large em- 
inence rising above the common level of the 
earth, but of no definite altitude. 

MOUNT'AIN, a. Pertaining to a mountain ; found 
or growing on a mountain. 

MOUNT'AIN-iSH, n. An ornamental tree with 
beautiful bunches of red berries. 



MOUNT-AIN-EER', n. A dweller on a mountain. 

MOUNT'AIN-OUS, a. Abounding with mount- 
ains, [tender. 

MOUNT'E-BANK, n. A stage-doctor ; a false pre- 

MOUNT'E-BANK, v. t. To cheat; to impose on. 

MOUNT'ING, n. The act of mounting; an as- 
cent ; the act of preparing for use or embellish- 
ing ; an ornament. 

MoURN, v. i. To express grief or sorrow ; to wear 
the customary habit of sorrow. 

MoURN, v. t. To grieve for; to utter in a sorrow- 
ful manner. — Syn. To grieve ; sorrow ; lament ; 
deplore, which see. 

MoURN'ER, n. One who mourns or laments. 

MoURN'FUL, a. Intended to express sorrow, or 
exhibiting appearance of grief; causing sorrow; 
feeling grief. — Syn. Sad ; lugubrious ; doleful ; 
sorrowful; lamentable; afflictive; grievous; ca- 
lamitous. 

MoURN'FUL-LY, ad. So as to bring or express 
sorrow. 

MoURN'FUL-NESS, n. Sorrow; grief; expres- 
sion of grief. 

MoURN'ING, n. Act of sorrowing; dress or cus- 
tomary habit worn by mourners. 

MoURN'ING, a. Grieving; lamenting; sorrow- 
ing ; wearing the appearance of sorrow. 

MoURN'ING-DOVE, n. A species of dove, so 
called from its plaintive note. 

MOUSE, n. ; pi. Mice. A small well-known ani- 
mal ; among seamen, a knob formed on a rope by 
spun yarn, to prevent the noose from slipping. 

MOUSE (mo_uz), v. i. To catch mice; to be sly. 

MOUSE'-HoLE, n. A hole where mice may en- 
ter and pass ; a very small hole. 

MOUS'ER, n. A cat that catches mice. 

MOUSE'-TRAP, n. A trap for catching mice. 

MoUS-TacHE'. See Mustache. 

MOUTH, n. The aperture of an animal for eating 
and speaking; an entrance or opening, as of a 
jar, cave, &c. ; the part of a river by which its 
waters are discharged into the ocean or lake; 
words uttered ; voice, &c. ; the principal speaker. 

MOUTH, v. t. To utter with a full, affected voice ; 
to reproach or insult ; v. i. to vociferate ; to rant. 

MOUTHED, a. Furnished with a mouth. Used 
in composition. 

MOUTH 'ER, n. An affected speaker or declaimer. 

MOUTH'FUL, n. As much as the mouth holds. 

MOUTH'ING, n. A full, affected utterance. 

MOUTH'LESS, a. Having no mouth. 

MOUTH'-PIeCE (-peece), n. Piece of an instru- 
ment for the mouth ; one who speaks for another. 

MoV'A-BLE (moov'a-bl), a. That can be moved 
or in any way made to change place or posture ; 
that may or does change from one time to anoth- 
er, as a 'movable feast. 

MoVA-BL^S (moov'a-blz), n. pi. Goods; furni- 
ture, &c. 

MoV'A-BLY, ad. So that it can be moved. 

MoVE (moov), v. t. To carry, convey, or draw from 
one place to another ; to excite to action ; to ex- 
cite from a state of rest ; to excite tenderness or 
feeling in; to cause anger, tumult, or trembling; 
to bring forward for consideration or acceptance ; 
to recommend or give an impulse to ; v. i. to 
change place ; to walk ; to propose. — Syn. To 
stir ; trouble ; affect ; prompt ; induce ; incline. 

MoVE (moov), n. The act of moving, as in chess. 

MoVE'MENT (moov'-), n. The act of moving; 
excited action ; in music, a strain or part of a 
strain ; the entire wheel-work of a watch or 
clock; the party of progress. — Syn. Motion. — 
Motion expresses the general idea of "not being 
at rest ;" movement points more especially to the 
agent or thing that moves, or the commencement 
of motion, as the movements of an army, a move- 
ment in society, &c. 

MoV'ER, n. One that moves or makes a proposal. 

MoV'ING, a. Changing place ; causing to move ; 



a, 1, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — ca.ee, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, bird; move, 



MOV 



287 



MUL 



exciting or adapted to excite the passions or af- 
fections ; pathetic ; affecting. 

MoV'ING-LY, ad. Feelingly; so as to excite 
passion; pathetically. 

MOW (mou), n. A pile of hay in a barn. 

MOW (mou), v. t. To pile hay or sheaves of grain 
in a heap or mass in a barn. 

MoW (mo), v. t. \_pret. Mowed ; pp. Mowed, Mown.] 
To cut with a scythe ;, to level ; to destroy; v. i. 
to cut grass ; to practice or perform the business 
of mowing; to gather in a crop of hay. 

MOW-'BuRN (mou'-), v. i. To heat and ferment 
in a barn. 

MoWJ^D (mode), a. Cut with a scythe ; cleared 
of grass with a scythe. 

MuW'ER (mo'er), n. One who mows or cuts 
grass. 

MoW'ING (mo'ing), n. The act of cutting with a 
scythe. 

MoWN (mone), a., from Mow. Cut with a scythe. 

MoX'A, n. Primarily, the down of a Chinese 
plant used for curing certain disorders by burn- 
ing it on the skin; hence any remedy used in 
the same manner. 

MuCH, a. Great in quantity ; long in duration. 

MuCH, n. A great quantity; more than enough; 
heavy service ; something strange. 

MuCH, ad. In a great degree ; often or long. 

Mu'CID, a. Musty; moldy; slimy. 

Mu'CI-LA&E, n. A slimy substance of vegetables ; 
the liquor which lubricates the ligaments and car- 
tilages of the animal body. 

Mu-CI-Lag'I-NOUS, a. Pertaining to or secreting 
mucilage ; partaking of the nature of mucilage. 
— Sym. Lubricous; slimy; ropy; viscous. 

MuCK, n. Moist vegetable matter ; dung in a 
moist state. — The phrase to ru i a muck has no 
connection with this Avord. It is borrowed from 
the Malay word amok, slaughter, and denotes to 
rush out, attacking all that comes in the way, as 
is done by certain fanatics in the East under fu- 
rious excitement. 

MuCK, v. t. To manure with muck. 

MOCK'-HEAP,? m . Arm ,.,, 

MuCK'-HiLL, \ n ' A dung-hall. 

MOCK'LE (miik'kl), a. Much. 

MOCK'- WORM (-wurm), n. A worm in muck ; a 
miser. 

MuCK'Y, a. Full of muck ; filthy. 

Mu'COUS (mu'kus), a. Pertaining to mucus; 
slimy; viscous. 

Mu'CRO-Na-TED, a. Narrowed to a point. 

Mu'CU-LENT, a. Moist and moderately viscous. 

Mu'CUS, n. A viscid fluid secreted by a mem- 
brane. 

MuD, n. Wet earth ; slime ; mire. 

MuD, v. t. To make foul with mud; to bury in 
mud ; to stir the sediment in liquors. 

MuD'DI^D (mild'did), a. Soiled with mud ; 
made turbid ; confused in mind. 

MuD'DI-LY, ad. With foul mixture. 

MuD'DI-NESS, n. State of being muddy; foul- 
ness caused by mud, &c. ; intellectual cloudiness 
or dullness. 

MuD'DLE, v. t. To make foul or turbid, as wa- 
ter ; to make half drunk ; to stupefy ; v. i. to con- 
tract filth ; to be in a confused or dirty state. 

MuD'DLE, n. A confused or turbid state. 

MuD'DY, a. Having the state or quality of foul- 
ness ; dirty ; turbid ; impure ; heavy ; dark. 

MuD'DY, v. t. To soil Avith mud; to make foul. 

MuD'DY-ING, n. State of being soiled or clouded 
with mud. 

MuD'-SILL, n. In bridges, the sill that lies on the 
bottom of a river or lake. 

MU-kZ'ZIN, n. A Mohammedan crier of the 
hour of prayer. 

MuFF, n. A cover of skin and fur for the hands. 

MuF'FIN, n. A delicate, light, spongy cake, 
baked on a griddle. 



MuF'FLE, (muf'fl), n. A chemical vessel used for 
the purification of gold and silver. 

MuF'FLE, v. t. To cover closely ; to blindfold ; 
to put matting or a soft substance round an oar 
to prevent noise; to wind something round the 
strings of a drum to render the sound grave or 
solemn. 

MOF'FLE'D (muf'fld), a. Covered closely, as the 
face, &c. ; deadened in sound, as a drum. 

MuF'FLER, n. A kind of cover for the face. 

MuF'Ti (muf'ty), n. A Mohammedan high-priest. 

MuG, n. An earthen or metal cup for drink. 

MOG'Sy 11 '} a ' Moist; damp; close. 

MU-LaT'TO, n. ; pi. Mu-lat'toes. The offspring 
of a negress by a white man, or of a white wom- 
an by a negro ; a. pertaining to a mulatto ; of 
the color of a mulatto. 

MuL'BER-RY, n. A tree and its fruit. 

MuLCH, n. Loose matter, like decayed leaves, 
straw, &c, placed around the roots of plants to 
protect them in drought or extreme cold. 

MuLCH, v. t. To cover with half-rotten straw, lit- 
ter, &c. 

MOLCH'ING, n. The application of mulch to the 
roots of plants. 

MOLCT, n. A fine; penalty for an offense; v. t. 
to fine ; to punish by a fine. 

MuLCT'u-A-RY, a. Imposing a pecuniary penalty. 

MOLE, n. An animal or plant of a mongrel kind, 
the produce of different species ; an instrument 
for cotton-spinning, called also a mule jenny. 

MuLE'-SPiN-NER, n. One who spins on a mule. 

MU-LET-EER', n. A driver or keeper of mules. 

Mu'LISH, a. Like a mule; stubborn; sullen. 

MuLL, v. t. To spice and sweeten wine; to dull, 
deaden, or dispirit. 

MuLL, n. A thin, soft kind of muslin, called also 
mull-mull. 

MuLLi?D (muld), a. Softened, sweetened, and 
enriched with spices, as wine. 

MuL'LEN, \ n. A well-known plant growing be- 

MuL'LEIN,j side roads, &c. 

MuL'LER, n. A stone for grinding colors. 

MuL'LET, n. A fish highly esteemed for food. 

MuLL'ION (mul'yun), n. A perpendicular divi- 
sion in a window-frame. 

MULT-aN°'GU-LAR (-ang'gu-lar), a. Having 
many angles. [teeth. 

MUL-TI-DeN'TATE, a. Furnished with many 

MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS, a. Having great variety. 

MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS-LY, ad. In various ways. 

MUL-TI-Fa'FJ-OUS-NESS. n. Great diversity. 

MuL'TI-FoLD, a. Many times doubled. 

MuL'TI-FORM, a. Having many shapes. 

MUL-TI-F6RM'I-TY, n. Diversity of forms, 
shapes, or appearances. 

MUL-TI-LAT'ER-AL, a. Having many sides. 

MUL-TI-LiN'E-AL, a. Having many lines. 

MUL-TI-LoC'u-LAR, a. Having many cells. 

MUL-TiL'O-QUENCE, n. Use of many words. 

MUL-TiP'A-ROUS, a. Bearing many at a birth. 

MUL-TlP'AR-TlTE, a. Divided into many parts. 

MuL'TI-PED, n. An insect with many feet. 

MuL'TI-PLE, n. The number which contains 
others a certain number of times ; in arithmetic, 
a common multiple of two or more numbers 
contains each of them a certain number of times 
exactly. 

MCL'TI-PLEX, a. Many-fold. 

MuL'TI-PLI-A-BLE, \ a. That may be multi- 

MuL'TI-PLI-€A-BLE,/ plied. 

MUL-TI-PLI-CaND', n. A number to be multi- 
plied. 

MuL'TI-PLI-CATE, a. Consisting of many.' 

MUL-TI-PLI-€a'TION, n. Act of multiplying; a 
rule or operation for finding the sum of any given 
number repeated any proposed number of times. 

MUL-TI-PLI-Ca'TOR, n. The number by which 
another is multiplied. 



dove, wolf, book; RTJI.E, DULL; vi"cious. — o as k ; (i as j; s as z; cu as sn ; tins. * Xot English. 



MUL 



288 



MUS 



MUL-TI-PLiC'I-TY (-plis'e-ty), n. State of being 
many ; many of the same kind. 

MuL'TT-PLl-ER, n. He or the number that mul- 
tiplies or that increases numbers. 

MuL'TI-PLy, v. t.' To make more by addition or 
natural generation ; in arithmetic, to increase 
any given number as often as there are units in 
any other given number. 

MuL'TI-PLy, v. i. To grow in number or extent. 
— Syn. To increase ; extend ; ^spread ; add ; ac- 
cumulate; enlarge. 

MUL-TIS'O-NOUS, a. Having many sounds. 

MuL'TI-TuDE, n. A great number; the sum of 
many; lower class of society. — Syn. Assembly; 
assemblage ; collection ; swarm ; throng ; mass ; 
crowd ; populace. 

MUL-TI-TO'DI-NA-RY,? a. Consisting of a great 

MUL-TI-Tu'DI-NOUS, j number; manifold. 

MuL'TI-VALVE, > „ . . 

MUL-T_I-VALV'iJ-LAR,r a ' Having many valves. 

MuLT'uRE (rnult'yipr), n. A grinding; toll paid 
for grinding. 

MuM, n. A species of ale in Germany made from 
wheaten malt; a. silent; as an exclamation, be 
silent! hush! 

MuM'BLE, v. i. or t. To eat with the lips close ; 
to chew one's words; to mutter or speak indis- 
tinctly. 

MijM'BLER, n. One that mutters or speaks low. 

MuMM, v. i. To mask ; to sport in disguise. 

MuM'MER, n. One who makes sport in a mask. 

MuM'MER- Y, n. Sport in masks; farcical show. 

MUM-MI-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of making or 
being made into a mummy. 

MuM'MI-FORM, a. In form like a mummy. 

MuM'MI-Fy, v. t. To embalm, as a mummy. 

MuM'MY, n. A dead human body embalmed and 
dried after the manner of the ancient Egyptians. 

MuMP, v. i. or t. To move the lips with the mouth 
almost closed ; to use begging tricks ; to nibble. 

MuMP'ER, n. A beggar. [cross. 

MuMP'ISH, a. Being or appearing dull ; sullen ; 

MuMPS, n. pi. An inflammation or swelling of 
the glands of the neck ; sullenness. 

MuNCH, v. t. or i. To eat fast and much. 

MuNCH'ER, n. One that eats eagerly. 

MuN'DaNE, a. Belonging to this world. 

MUN-DI-FI-CX'TION, n. The act of cleansing. 

MU-NiOT-PAL (-nis'e-pal), a. Belonging to a 
corporation, city, state, or nation. — Syn. Corpo- 
rate ; civic ; civil ; national. [government. 

MU-NIC-I-PaL'I-TY, n. A district, its people or 

MU-NIF'I-CENCE, rt. The act of giving liberally 
from generous motives. — Syn. Liberality ; benefi- 
cence ; generosity ; bounteousness ; bountiful- 
ness; bounty. 

MU-NIF'I-CENT, a. Giving liberally and gener- 
ously. — Syn. Liberal ; generous ; beneficent ; 
bounteous ; bountiful ; benevolent, which see. 

Mu'NI-MENT, n. Fortification for defense ; a 
writing by which claims or rights are defended. 

MU-NI"TION (-nish'un), n. A fortress or defense ; 
materials used in war ; ammunition ; provisions 
or stores for an army or navy, &c. 

Mu'RAL, a. Pertaining or attached to a wall ; re- 
sembling a wall. 

MuR'DER, n. The killing of a human being with 
premeditated malice ; an outcry when life is in 
danger. 

MuR'DER, v. t. To kill a human being with pre- 
meditated malice; to put an end to. — Syn. To 
kill; assassinate; slay; massacre; destroy. See 
Kill. 

MuR'DER-ER, n. One guilty of murder. 

MuR'DER-OUS, a. Guilty of murder ; consisting 
in or done with murder; addicted to blood ; pre- 
meditating or committing murder. — Syn. Bloody ; 
sanguinary ; cruel ; savage. 

MuR'DER-OUS-LY, ad. With murderous or 
bloody spirit; like murder. 



Mu'RI-ATE, n. A kind of salt formed of muriatic 
acid and a base; if with an excess of acid, oxy- 
muriate; if not enough, sub-muriate; in a state 
of dryness, chlorid. 

Mu'RI-a-TED, a. Combined with muriatic acid; 
brined. 

MU-RI-aT'IC, a. Muriatic acid (more properly 
hydrochloric) is composed of equal parts of hy- 
drogen and chlorine. 

MORK'I-LY, ad. Obscurely ; gloomily. 

MuRK'Y, a. Dark ; gloomy ; cloudy. 

MuR'MUR, v. i. To make a low, continued noise, 
as a hum of bees, or as a stream, waves, or flame ; 
to utter 'complaints or sullen discontent in a low, 
half articulate voice. — Syn. To mutter; grum- 
ble; purl; complain; repine. 

MuR'MUR, n. A purling sound, as of a stream ; a 
low, repeated sound ; a half-suppressed com- 
plaint, &c. 

MGR'MUR-ER, n. One who mutters or complains. 

MuR'MUR-ING, n. The utterance of a low sound ; 
a confused noise; complaint. 

MuR'RAIN (mur'rin), n. An infectious and fatal 
disease among cattle. 

mc1''I1d-SeJ n - A rich ™ e •' a s ra P e - 

MuS'CAT, i . 

MuS'CA-TEL, ] n - A pean 

MuS'CLE (miis'sl), n. A fleshy part of the body, 
consisting of fibres inclosed in their cellular 
membrane, admitting of contraction and relaxa- 
tion, and thus serving as the organs of motion in 
animals ; a bivalvular shell-fish. 

MUS-€0-Va'DO, n. Unrefined sugar; the raw 
material from which loaf and lump sugar are ob- 
tained by refining. 

MuS'CU-LAR, a. Pertaining to or performed by 
a muscle ; strong ; vigorous. 

MUS-CU-LaR'I-TY, n. State of being muscular. 

MuSE (mfize), n. Deity of poetry; deep thought. 

Mu&E (muze), v. i. To think closely or in silence ; 
to be so absorbed in contemplation as not to 
notice passing scenes, &c. — Syn. To meditate; 
think. See Ponder. 

MuSE, v. t. To ponder; to study in silence. 

MuSE'FUL, a. Silently thoughtful ; being absent 
in mind. 

MuSE'LESS, a. Disregarding poetry. 

MuS'ER, n. One that thinks closely or is absent 
in mind. 

Mu'SES, n. pi. In mythology, the nine sister god- 
desses presiding over the liberal arts. 

MU-$E'UM, n. A cabinet of curiosities. 

MuSH, n. Maize-meal and water boiled; hasty- 
pudding. 

MuSH'ROOM, n. A name of numerous plants of 
the natural order of fungi; an upstart. 

Mu'SIC, n. Melody or harmony; succession of 
sounds modulated or combined to please the ear ; 
science of harmonical sounds; art of combining 
sounds to please the ear; any entertainment con- 
sisting in melody or harmony; order; harmony 
of revolution. 

Mu'SI€-AL, a. Belonging to music; melodious; 
harmonious ; pleasing to the ear. 

Mu'SIC-AL-GLASS'ES, n. A musical instrument 
formed of a number of glass goblets, played on 
with the fingers damped. 

Mu'SIC-AL-LY, ad. Harmoniously ; melodiously ; 
Avith sweet sounds. 

MU-Si"CIAN (-zish'an), n. One who sings or per- 
forms on a musical instrument; one skilled in 
music. 

Mu'SIC-MAS-TER, n. One who teaches music. 

MuSK, n. An animal, and a strong-scented sub- 
stance procured from it. 

MuSK, v. t. To perfume with musk. 

MuS'KET, n. A species of fire-arms. 

MUS-KET-EER', n. A soldier armed with a mus- 
ket. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — caee, fab, last, fall, what; tueee, teem; maeine, bird; move, 



MUS 



289 



MYR 



MUS-KET-OOX', n. A short thick musket. 

MOS'KET-RY, n. Muskets iu general or their 
fire. 

MOS'KET-SIIdT, n. The shot of a musket; the 
distance a musket will carry a ball. 

MOSK'M1X-OX, n. A delicate species of melon 
with a musky fragrance. 

MuSK'RAT, \n. A small quadru- 

MOS'QUASH (nms'kwosh),/ ped that burrows 
in the banks of streams, having the smell of 
musk, valued for its fur. 

MuSK'Y, a. Having the odor of musk ; fragrant. 

Mi V'LIN, n. A fine cotton cloth with a downy 
nap. 

MBS'LIN, a. Made of muslin, as a muslin gown. 

*M0S'LIN-DE-LaINE, n. [*>.] A sort ot light, 
thin woolen cloth, used for ladies' dresses, &c. 

ftfUS-IilN-ET', n. A coaree cotton cloth. 

MUS-QUTTO (mus-ke'to), n. ; pi. Mus-qu'i'tos 
(mus-kG'toze). A small annoying insect, bred iu 
the water. 

MuS'RoLE, n. The nose-band of a bridle. 

MuS'SEL, n. A shell-fish. See Muscle. 

MuS'SUL-MAN, n. ; pi. Mus'sul-mans. A Moham- 
medan, or follower of Mohammed. 

MUS-SUL-MaN'I€, la. Belonging to Mussul- 

M D S' S U L-MAN-ISH, j mans. 

MuST, v. t. To be obliged; to be morally fit ; used 
as an auxiliary verb. 

MuST, v. i. To grow moldy and fetid. 

MOST, n. New wine unfermented. 

MUS-TacIIE' (mus-tash'), n. s.) T „,„ u„;** n fu a 

M DS-TXcH'ES, n. pi. I Lo "f h , a ™ n the 

MUS-TacII'Io, n. ) n PP er lip - 

MUS-TacK'Io-BD (tii-shode), o. Having mus- 
taches. [California, &c. 

MrS'TAXG, n. A small, hardy prairie horse in 

MuS'TARD, 7i. A plant and its pungent seeds, 
which, ground into powder, is a well-known con- 
diment. 

MUS-TEE',) n. A child of a white person and a 

MES-TEE,/ quadroon, in the West Indies. 

MC'S'TEK, v. t. To collect troops for review, pa- 
rade, &c. ; to gather persons or things; v. i. to 
meet in one place; to assemble. — Syn. To assem- 
ble; collect, gather; review, &c. 

MuS'TER, n. A review ; collection ; register of 
forces. 

MuS'TER-MaS'TER, n. One who superintends 
the muster of troops, and takes account of their 
equipments, &c 

MuS'TER-RoLL, n. A list of forces. 

MuS'TI-LY , ad. With a musty smell ; sourly. 

MuS'TI-XESS, n. The state or quality of being 
musty; moldiness; damp foulness. 

MuS'TY, a. Affected with mold ; spoiled by damp 
or age, &c— Sra. Moldy ; fetid ; ill flavored ; 
stale. 

MU-TA-BiL'r-TY, In. Susceptibility of change; 

Mu'TA-BLE-XESS, j state or habit of frequently 
changing ; disposition of mind for change. — Syn. 
Changeableness; instability; inconstancy; fickle- 
ness; unsteadiness; variableness. 

Mu'TA-BLE, a. Subj ect to, susceptible of, or given 
to change. — Syn. Changeable; fickle; inconstant; 
unstable ; unsettled ; wavering ; variable. 

MU-Ta'TION, n. Change or process of changing; 
alteration either in form or qualities. 

MuTE, a. Uttering no sound; speechless; not 
sounded, as a mute letter. —Syn. Silent ; dumb. 
— One is silent who does not speak ; one is dumb 
who can not, for want of the proper organs, as a 
child born dumb, a dumb beast, &c. ; one is mute 
who is held back from speaking by some special 
cause, as he was mute through fear, mute aston- 
ishment, &c. Such is the case with most of those 
who never speak from childhood; they are not 
ordinarily dumb, but mute because they are deaf, 
and therefore never learn to talk; and hence 
their more appropriate name is deaf-mutes. 



MuTE, n. One who is silent; a silent letter; in 
Turkey, a dumb officer that acts as executioner. 
In England, one employed to stand before a house 
previous to a funeral ; a brass or wooden utensil 
used in the violin to deaden or soften sounds. 

MuTE, v. i. To discharge the contents of the bow- 
els, as a fowl ; n. the dung of birds. 

MuTE'LY, ad. Silently ; without uttering words 
or sounds. 

Mu'TI-LITE, v. t. To cut off, as a limb ; to 
separate or remove an important part ; to render 
imperfect. — Syn. To maim; mangle; deprive; 
retrench. 

MU-TI-La'TIOX, n. Act of depriving of a limb 
or of sojne essential part. 

Mu'TI-La-TOR, n. One who mutilates. 

MU-TI-XEER', n. One who resists order in the 
army and navy. 

Mu'TI-XOUS, a. Disposed to resist authority; 
resisting authority. — Syn. Seditious; rebellious; 
disorderly; turbulent; insurgent. 

Mu'TI-XY, n. An insurrection of soldiers or sea- 
men against the authority of their commanders. 

Mu'TI-XY, v. i. To rise against authority in the 
military or naval service. 

MCT'TER, v. i. or t. To speak low; to grumble. 

MuT'TER-ER, n. A grumbler; a murmurer. 

MuT'TER-IXG, n. A grumbling or murmuring; 
a. low or grumbling. 

MuT'TOX (mut'tn), n. Flesh of sheep; a sheep. 

MuT'TON-GHoP, n. A rib of mutton for broil- 
ing, &c. 

MuT'TOX-FIST, n. A large and red hand. 

MuT'u-AL (-yu-al), a. Interchanged; given and 
received, as "mutual affection, mutual vows. — ■ 
Syn. Common. — Common is applied to that which 
belongs alike, or in common, to the parties con- 
cerned, as our common country, a common friend. 
Mutual implies an interchange of the thing spoken 
of between the parties, as mutual friendship. 
Hence, to speak of "a mutual friend" (as if a 
friend could be interchanged) is a gross error; 
while it is proper to speak of having a mutual 
desire to promote the interests of a common 
friend or of our common country. 

MuT-u-AL'I-T Y, n. State of being mutual. 

MuT'u-AL-LY, ad. In a mutual manner; inter- 
changeably. 

MuZ'ZLE, v. t. To fasten the mouth to prevent 
biting or eating. 

MuZ'ZLE, n. The nose or mouth ; a fastening for 
the mouth. 

MuZ'ZLE-RiNG, n. The ring round the mouth 
of a cannon. 

MuZ'ZY, a. Absent; bewildered. 

My, pron. [Contracted from Sax. migen.] Be- 
longing to me. 

MYX-HEER', n. A Dutchman. 

My-O-LOg-'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to myology. 

My-OL'O-gIST, n. One conversant with myology. 

My-oL'O-gY, n. An account of, or the doctrine 
of _the muscles. 

My'oPE, n. ; pi. My'opes. A short-sighted person. 

My'O-PY, n. Short-sightedness. 

MY-o'SIS, n. A disease of the eye. 

MyRT-AD, n. The number of ten thousand; an 
immense indefinite number. 

MyR'I-A-GRAM, \ n. A French measure 

+M yR'I-A-GRAMME, / equal to 10,000 grammes, 
or about 22 pounds. 

MYR-I-AL'I-TER, \ n. A French measure of 

+MYRT-A-LI-TREJ nearly 10,000 litres, or 
nearly 42 hogsheads wine measure. 

MYR-1-aM'E-TER, \ n. In French linear meas- 

•frMYRT-A-ME-TRE,j ure, 10,000 metres, or near- 
ly 6| miles. 

MJ'R'I-A-POD, n. One of an order or class of in- 
sects having many feet or legs. 

+M YRT-ARE, n. A French measure of 10,000 ares, 
or nearly 247 acres. 



dove, vole, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as bu ; this. + Xot English. 



MYR 



290 



NAR 



MYR'I-O-LoGUE (-log), n. An extemporaneous 
funeral song. 

MYR-I-O-RX'MA, n. Literally, ten thousand 
views. 

MYR'MI-DON (IT) (miir'ine-don) , n. A rough sol- 
dier; a ruffian. 

MYRRH (mur), n. A bitter, aromatic gum-resin 
in the form of drops or globules. 

MYR'TLE (mur'tl), n. A shrub of several species. 

MY-SeLF', a compound pronoun used after I, 
and marking emphatically the distinction be- 
tween the speaker and another person ; I ; not 
another. 

MYS-Te'RI-OUS, a. Not easily understood ; not 
revealed or explained. — Syn. Obscure ; occult ; 
secret 

MYS-Te'RI-OUS-LY, ad. In a secret or obscure 
manner. 

MYS-TE'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality 
of being obscure ; artful perplexity. 

M?S'TER-Y, n. A profound secret ; something 
beyond human comprehension ; a kind of relig- 
ious drama. The mysteries, among the an- 
cients, were secret religious rites or ceremonies, 
to which only the initiated were admitted. 

M ¥S'TI€, \ a. Obscure ; secret ; involving 

My c S'TI€-AL,j some secret meaning; allegor- 
ical. 

MYS'TI€-AL-LY, ad. With a secret meaning. 

MY S'TIC-AL-NESS, n. Quality of being mystical. 

MY S'TI-CISM, n. Obscurity of doctrine ; the doc- 
trine of mystics. 

MYS'TICS, n. pi. Those who profess to receive, 
in holy contemplation, true religious knowledge, 
or impressions directly from the Divine Spirit. 

MYS-TI-FI-CA'TION, n. The act of rendering 
any thing mysterious. 

MYS'TI-FY, v. t. To involve in mystery. 

MYTH, n. A fictitious story; fable. 

MYTH'IC, \ a. Fabulous; pertaining to a 

MYTH'I€-AL,j myth. 

MYTH-0-Log'I€, ) a. Pertaining to mythol- 

MYTH-0-L66'IC-AL,/ ogy or fables. 

MY-THoL'O-GlST, n. One versed in mythology. 

M?-TH6L'0-6Y, n. A system of fables and fabu- 
lous doctrines respecting the deities of heathen 
nations. 



N. 



Nis an imperfect mute or semivowel, having a 
uniform or nasal sound, as in not. After m 
it is silent, as in hymn. 

NAB, v. t. To catch suddenly ; to seize. 

NX'BOB, n. A deputy or prince in India ; a rich 
man. 

Na'€RE-OUS, a. Having an iridescent luster, 
like mother-of-pearl. 

Na'DIR, n. The point opposite the zenith and di- 
rectly under our feet. 

NAG-, n. A small horse, or a horse in general. 

Na'IAD (na'yad), n. A water nymph; a deity 
that presides over rivers and springs. 

Na'IA-De$ (na'ya-dez), n. pi. Water nymphs; 
in conchology, a family of fresh-water shells. 

NaIL, n. A horny substance on the end of the 
fingers; a claw; an iron pin; a stud; a boss; 
two inches and a quarter. 

NATL, v. t. To fasten with a nail ; to stud. 

NAIL'ER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
nails. 

NaIL'ER- Y, n. A manufactory where nails are 
made. 

*Na'iVE (nii'eve), a. IFr.J Having native or un- 
affected simplicity ; ingenuous. 

•frNA'i'VE-TE (nii'eve-tfi), n. [i<V.] Native simpli- 
city ; unaffected plainness or ingenuousness. 

NA'KED, a. Having no covering ; bare : open ; 



without disguise, addition, &c. ; not concealed ; 
exposed. 

Na'KED-LY, ad. Openly; plainly. 

Na'KED-NESS, n. Bareness; want of covering 
or defense. [cal. 

NAM'BY-PAM'BY, n. Something affected or fini- 

NaME, n. That by which a person or thing is 
called ; reputation ; remembrance ; authority, as 
in the name of; appearance, as in name merely. 
— Syn. Appellation ; title; denomination. — Name 
is generic, denoting that combination of sounds 
or letters by which a person or thing is known 
and distinguished. Appellation, though some- 
times put for name simply, denotes, more proper- 
ly, a descriptive term, used by way of marking 
some individual peculiarity or characteristic, as 
Charles the Bold, Philip the Stammerer. A ti- 
tle is a term employed to point out one's rank, 
office, &c, as the Duke of Bedford, Paul the 
Apostle, &c. Denomination is to particular bod- 
ies what appellation is to individuals; thus the 
Church of Christ is divided into different denom- 
inations, as Congregationalists, Presbyterians, 
Episcopalians, &c. 

NaME, v. t. To mention or call by name ; to give 
a name. — Syn. To denominate ; style; mention; 
nominate ; specify. 

NaME'LESS, a. Having no name. ' 

NaME'LY, ad. Particularly; that is to say. 

NaME'SaKE, n. A person of the same name. 

NAN-KEEN', n. A species of buff-colored cotton 
cloth. 

NAP, n. A short sleep; the pile or projecting 
woolly fibers on cloth. 

NaP, v. i. To sleep a short time ; to be careless. 
— Syn. To sleep; doze; slumber; drowse. 

NAPE, n. The joint of the neck behind. 

NaPII'THA (nap'tha), n. A bituminous and very 
inflammable liquid, of a strong, peculiar odor, 
which exudes from the earth. 

NaP'KIN, n. A towel ; a cloth to wipe things. 

NAP'LESS, a. Having no nap ; threadbare. 

NaP'PI-NESS, n. Abundance of nap ; the quality 
of being inclined to take naps. 

NAP'PY, a. Having a nap; frothy; spumy. 

NaR-€0T'I€, n. A medicine which, in proper 
doses, relieves pain and induces sleep, but in 
larger doses causes stupor, convulsions, and even 
death. 

NaR-€oT'I€, a. Inducing sleep; soporific. 

NaR'CO-TiNE, n. Narcotic principle of opium. 

NXR'CO-TISM, n. The state of being rendered 
drowsy ; the effect of a narcotic. 

NXRD, n. Spikenard ; an odoriferous plant ; an 
unguent prepared from it. 

NaR'RaTE or N AR-RaTE', v. t. To recite, as a sto- 
ry ; to relate the particulars of any event, &c. -, to 
write the particulars of a history, &c. — Syn. To 
tell ; rehearse ; relate. 

NAR-Ra'TION, n. The act of telling the particu- 
lars of an event ; a statement, oral or written, 
of any transaction. — Syn. Relation ; recital ; re- 
hearsal ; description ; account, which see. 

NaR'RA-TiVE, a. Relating particulars ; apt to re- 
late stories, &c. ; n. recital of particulars; story. 

NAR-RA'TOR, n. A relator ; a reciter. 

N aR'RoW (nar'ro), a. Of little breadth ; of little 
extent; not liberal or bountiful.— Syn. Contract- 
ed ; limited ; strait ; close ; confined. 

NaR'RoW, v. t. To contract in breadth ; to draw 
into less compass ; v. i. to become less broad ; to 
contract in size. 

NaR'RoW-ING, n. The part of a stocking which 
is narrowed ; the act of contracting. 

NaR'RoW-LY, ad. Closely ; nearly ; hardly. 

NAR'R«3W-MiND'ED,a. Illiberal; mean-spirited. 

N AR'ROW-N ESS, n. Want of breadth , meanness ; 
smailness of extent or estate, &c. ; want, of liberal 
views. — Syn. Contractedness; illiberality. 

NaR'RoWS, n. pi. A narrow passage through a 



A, E, &C, lOWJ.—l, E, &C, Short.— CARE, FAS, LAST, FALL, WHAT? TUEEE, TEEM; MAKINE, lilKD ; MOVE, 



NAR 



291 



NAZ 



mountain or between hills or highlands; a nar- 
row channel of water between one sea or lake and 
another ; a sound. 

nxr'whal} n - The sea unicom - 

Na'SAL (na'zal), n. A letter whose sound is af- 
fected by the nose ; a medicine operating through 
the nose. 

Na'SSAL, a. Pertaining to the nose; formed or af- 
fected by the nose. 

NAS'CENT, a. Beginning to exist ; growing. 

NAS'TI-LY, ad. Dirtily; filthily; obscenely. 

NAS'TI-NESS, n. Filthiness; filth; obscenity. 

NAS-TuR'TIUM,> n. An annual plant of strong 

NAS-TuR'TION, j" smell whose fruit is used as a 
pickle; Indiau cress. 

NAS'TY, a. Disgustingly filthy. — Syn. Wet ; 
filthy; foul; dirty. — Any thing nasty is wet or 
damp (Ger. nass, wet), and disgusts by its sticki- 
ness or odor. Not so with filthy and foul, which 
imply only that a thing is filled or covered with 
offensive matter, as filthy clothing, foul vapors, 
&c. The English have a peculiar use of this 
word, calling a rain in fine drops a nasty rain, a 
day of such rain a nasty day, a sky which por- 
tends it a nasty sky, thus retaining the original 
sense of wet as the leading idea. They do the 
same with the word dirty, speaking of a dirty 
rain and a dirty day, &c. ; and it is not improb- 
able that this word, like the other, had original- 
ly the sense of wet. 

Na'TAL, a. Relating to nativity or birth. See 
Native. 

Na'TANT, a. Swimming; floating on the surface 
of water, as the leaf of an aquatic plant. 

NA-Ta'TION, n. A swimming ; a floating. 

NA-TA-To'RI-AL, a. Swimming or adapted to 
swimming, as birds, &c. 

Na'TA-TO-RY, a. Enabling to swim. 

Na'TION, n. A body of people under one govern- 
ment, generally of like origin and language. See 
People. 

Na'TION-AL (nash'un-al), a. Pertaining to a na- 
tion ; public ; general ; common to a nation. 

Na'TION-AL-I$M, I , - . , , jn. The state 

NA'TION-AL-NESS,f (nash un " } ' j of being na- 
tional. 

NA-TION-aL'I-TY, n. The quality of being na- 
tional ; national character ; state of belonging to 
a nation. 

NA'TION-AL-lZE (nash'un-), v. t. To make na- 
tional. 

Na'TiVE, a. Born with the being ; not acquired ; 
pertaining to the place of birth ; that of which 
any thing is made. — Syn. Natural; natal. — Nat- 
ural refers to the nature (aatura) of a thing ; na- 
tive (from nascor, natus) to one's birth or origin, 
as a native country, language, &c. ; natal (natulis) 
to the circumstances of one's birth, as a natal day 
or star. Native talent is that which is inborn ; 
natural talent is that which springs from the 
structure of the mind. Native eloquence is the 
result of strong innate emotion ; natural elo- 
quence is opposed to that which is studied or 
artificial. 

Na'TiVE, n. One born in a place. 

Na'TiVE-LY, ad. By birth ; naturally. 

Na'TiVE-NESS, n. State of being native. 

NA-TiV'I-TY, n. Birth ; manner of birth ; state 
or place of being produced ; the birth-day of the 
Savior. 

NAT'u-RAL (nat'yu-ral), a. Pertaining to the con- 
stitution or essential qualities of things ; pro- 
duced according to or by nature ; not artificial or 
far-fetched ; that which is not revealed, as natu- 
ral religion ; born out of wedlock, as a natural 
child. See Native. 

NaT'u-RAL, n. An idiot ; a fool ; one born with- 
out Uie usual powers of understanding. 

NaT'u-RAL-ISM, n. Mere state of nature ; the 



doctrine of those who deny supernatural agency 
in the miracles, revelation, and grace of God, &c. 

NaT'u-RAL-IST, n. One who studies or is versed 
in natural history. 

NAT-u-RAL-I-Za'TION, n. Admission to the 
privileges of native citizens or subjects. 

NAT'u-RAL-iZE, v. t. To confer on an alien the 
rights of citizenship ; to make natural ; to ac- 
climate ; to make vernacular or our own ; to ac- 
custom. 

NaT'u-RAL-LY, ad. According to nature or the 
usual course of things; spontaneously. 

NaT'u-RAL-NESS,«. State of being produced by 
nature ; conformity to nature. 

NaT'uRE (nat'yur), n. The system of created 
things ; figuratively, the agent or Creator of 
things ; essential qualities ; constitution ; regu- 
lar course; natural affection; sort; kind; senti- 
ments, &c, conformed to nature ; birth. 

NAUGHT (naut), n. Nothing. 

NAUGHT, a. Worthless. 

NAUGHT'I-LY (naw'te-ly),ad In a bad manner; 
wickedly; vilely. 

NAUGHT'I-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
badness. — Syis\ Badness ; perverseness ; mischiev- 
ousness. 

NAUGHT'Y (naw'ty), a. Being bad or perverse ; 
mischievous; perverse; froward. 

NAU'SEA (naw'shea),n. Sickness at the stomach. 
— Syn. Loathing ; disgust ; qualmishness. 

NAU'SE-aTE (naw'she-iite), v. t. To affect with 
disgust ; to loathe ; v. i. to become qualmish ; to 
feel disgust. 

NAU'SEOUS (naw'shus), a. Causing disgust; re- 
garded with abhorrence. — Syn. Loathsome ; dis- 
gusting. 

NAU'SEOUS-LY, ad. With disgust. 

NAU'SEOUS-NESS, n. The quality of exciting 
disgust ; loathsomeness. 

NAU'TI-CAL, a. Pertaining to seamen and navi- 
gation. — Syn. Marine; maritime; naval, which 
see. 

NAU'TI-LUS, n. A shell-fish which extends a 
membrane for sailing. 

Na'VAL, a. Consisting of or belonging to ships. — 
Syn. Nautical. — Naval (from navis) is applied to 
ships or a navy ; nautical (from nauta) to seamen 
and the art of navigation. Hence we speak of a 
naval as opposed to a military engagement ; na- 
val equipments or stores, a naval triumph, a na- 
val officer, &c, and of nautical pursuits or in- 
struction, nautical calculations, a nautical alma- 
nac, &c. [wheel. 

NAVE, n. The middle of a church ; the hub of a 

Na'VJJL (na'vl), n. The middle of the abdomen. 

NA'Vi'L-STRING, n. The ligament that attaches 
a fetus _to the placenta ; the umbilical cord. 

NA-Vi€'u-LAR, a. Relating to ships or boats; 
like a boat. 

NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. Passable for ships or boats. 

NAV'I-GA-BLE-NESS,* n. State of being navi- 

NAV-I-GA-BiLT-TY, J gable. 

NaVT-GaTE, v. i. To pass on water with ships ; 
to sail ; v. t. to pass over in ships ; to sail on ; to 
steer, as a vessel. 

NAV-I-Ga'TION, n. The act of passing in ships 
or other vessels, or of managing ships in sailing ; 
ships in_general. 

NaVT-Ga-TOR, n. One who directs the course of 
a ship ; one who navigates or sails. 

Na'VY, n. A fleet of ships; ships of war; the of- 
ficers and men belonging to a navy. 

NaY (na), n. Denial; refusal. 

N a Y, ad. No ; a word of denying or refusal ; not 
only so ; not this alone. 

NAZ-A-RENE', n. An inhabitant of Nazareth ; an 
epithet of contempt applied to the early Chris- 
tians. 

NaZ'A-RiTE. n. A Jew bound by a vow to great 
purity of life and devotion. 



COVE, WOLF, BOOK; RULE, BULL; Vl"ciOUS. — € as K; 



J ; $ as z ; en as sn 



Not English. 



NEA 



292 



NEG 



NeAP (neep), ft. The pole or tongue of a cart, &c. 

NEAP, a. Low, as neap tides, which happen in 
the middle of the second and fourth quarters of 
the moon, and are opposed to spring tides. 

NEAPED (neept), a. Left aground, as a ship at 
neap tide. 

NE-A-P6L'I-TAN, a. Pertaining to Naples. 

NEAR (neer), a. Not far distant in place, time, or 
degree; closely connected with; affecting one's 
interests ; next to, as opposed to off; intimate ; 
close; covetous; ad. almost; within a little dis- 
tance. 

NeAR, v. t. To approach ; to come nearer to ; v. i. 
to draw near. 

NeAR'EST, a. Shortest; most direct. 

NeAR'LY, ad. At hand; closely; sparingly. 

NeAR'NESS, ft. Closeness ; close alliance ; covet- 
ousness. 

NEAR'-SIGHT'ED (neer'-si'ted), a. . Discerning 

\ objects only within short distances; short-sight- 
ed. 

NeAT (neet), n. Cattle of the bovine or ox kind. 

NEAT, a. Free from uncleanness or impurity; 
having the quality of neatness ; well arranged, as 
dress; nice; trim. Neat weight, usually net, is 
clear of the cask, box, &c. 

NeAT'HeRD, n. One who keeps a herd of cattle. 

NeAT'LY, ad. Cleanly; nicely; handsomely. 

NeAT'NESS, n. Cleanliness; niceness. 

NEB, n. Nose ; bill ; beak of a bird ; the point of 
any thing, as of a pen. 

NEB'u-LA, n. ; pi. Neb'u-l/E. A dark spot ; film 
in the eye; a faint, cloud-like appearance or spot 
among the stars, usually shown by the telescope 
to be clusters of small stars. 

NEB'u-LAR, a. Pertaining to nebulae. 

NEB-u-L6S'I-TY, n. State of being cloudy or ha- 
zy ; a state or appearance like that of a nebula. 

NEB'u-LOUS, a. Resembling a collection of va- 
pors ; pertaining to nebulas. 

NEC'ES-SA-RiES (nus'es-sa-riz), ft. pi. Things 
needful for life. [ably. 

NEC'ES-SA-RI-LY, ad. From necessity ; unavoid- 

NEC'ES-SA-RY, a. That must be ; indispensably 
requisite; inevitable, as a conclusion or result; 
acting from compulsion. — Syn. Needful ; essen- 
tial; unavoidable; n. something indispensable; 
a privy. 

NE-CES-SI-Ta'RI-AN,? n. One who advocates 

NEC-ES-Sa'RI-AN, j the doctrine of philo- 
sophical necessity. 

NE-C£S'SI-TaTE, v. t. To make necessary; to 
render unavoidable.— Syn. To compel; oblige; 
force; constrain. 

NE-CES'SI-TOUS, a. Pressed with poverty; in 
very great want. See Need. 

NE-CfiS'SI-TOUS-NESS, n. Extreme poverty. 

NE-C£S'SI-TY, n. That which must be and can 
not be otherwise ; irresistible power ; what can 
not be avoided ; pressing want. — Syn. Indispens- 
ableness; unavoidableness ; exigency. 

NECK, n. The part which connects the head and 
trunk of an animal ; a narrow tract of land ; any 
part corresponding to a neck; the long, slender 
part of a vessel, &c, as of a gourd, &c. 

NECK'CLOTH, n. A cloth for men's necks. 

NECKED (nekt), a. Having a neck [used in com- 
position], as stiff-necked. 

NECK'ER-CHiEF (nek'er-chif), n. A cloth for 

NECK'LACE, n. A string of beads, &c, worn on 
the neck. 

NEC-RO-Lo&'IC-AL, a. Relating to an account 
of the dead. 

NEC-RoL'O-gY, n. A register of deaths; an ac- 
count of the dead or of deaths. 

NEC'RO-MAN-CER, n. One who practices necro- 
mancy. — Syn. Conjurer; enchanter; wizard; sor- 
cerer; magician. 

NEC'RO-MAN-CY, n. The art of revealing future 



events by means of a pretended communication 
with the dead; enchantment; conjuration. 

NEC-RO-MAN'TIC, a. Relating to necromancy. 

NEC-RO-MaN'TIC-AL-LY, ad. By the black art. 

NEC-ROP'O-LIS, n. A city of the dead. 

NEC'TAR, n. The feigned drink of the gods; any 
sweet_and pleasant beverage. 

NECTX'REAn' > a ' ^ onsistin §> of nectar, or 

NEC-Ta'Re'-OUS,) resembling it. 

NEC-Ta'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the nectary of a 
plant. 

NEC-TAR-iF'ER-OUS, a. Producing nectar. 

NEC'TA-RiNE, n. A fruit of the peach kind ; a. 
sweet as nectar. 

NEC-Ta'RI-UM, n. The part of a flower that se- 
cretes a honey-like substance. 

NEC'TAR-OUS, a. Sweet as nectar. 

NEC'TA-RY, n. The melliferous part of a flower ; 
the honey-cup. 

NEED, n. Occasion for something ; a state that 
requires supply or relief; want of the means of 
living. — Syn. Necessity. — Necessity is stronger 
than need; it places us under positive compul- 
sion. We are frequently under the necessity of 
going without that of which we stand very great- 
ly in need. It is so also with the correspond- 
ing adjectives ; necessitous circumstances imply 
the direct pressure of suffering ; needy circum- 
stances, the want of aid or relief. 

NEED, v. t. or i. To want; to lack ; to require. 

NEED'FUL, a. Necessary; required; requisite. 

NEED'FUL-LY, ad. Of necessity. 

NEEDT-LY, ad. In want; in poverty. 

NEED'I-NESS, n. Want; indigence. 

NEE'DLE (ne'dl), n. A pointed instrument for 
sewing, knitting, &c. ; the slip of magnetized 
steel in a compass; something in the ionn of a 
needle. 

To form crystals in the shape of 



To shoot into crystals like nee- 
As much thread as is put at 



NEE'DLE, v. t. 
needles. 

NEE'DLE, v. i. 
dies. 

NEE'DLE-FUL, n. 
once into a needle. 

NEED'LESS, a. Not requisite ; unnecessary. 

NEED'LESS-LY, ad. Without necessity. 

NEED'LESS-NESS, n. State of being unnecessary. 

NEEDS, ad. Necessarily; indispensably; gener- 
ally used with must. 

NEED'Y, a. Distressed for want of means of liv- 
ing. — Syn. Destitute; poor; indigent. See Need. 

NE'ER (nar), ad. A contraction of never. 

+NE EX'E-AT. [£.] A writ to prevent a person 
from going out of the country. 

NE-Fa'RI-OUS, a. Abominably wicked; vile in 
the highest degree. — Syn. Abominable ; detesta- 
ble ; horrible ; atrocious ; infamous ; impious ; in- 
iquitous, which see. 

NE-FA'RI-OUS-LY, ad. With extreme wicked- 

NE-Ga'TION, n. Act of denying ; denial ; opposed 
to affirmation. In legislation, the right of pre- 
venting the enactment of a law. 

NEG'A-TiVE, a. Implying denial or absence ; 
having the power of denying, &c. 

NEG'A-TiVE, n. A proposition by which some- 
thing is denied; a word that denies, as not. no. 

NEG'A-TIVE, v. t. To prove the contrary; to re- 
ject by vote, as a bill ; to deny ; to refuse ; to re- 
ject. 

NEG'A-TiVE-LY, ad. By means of denial. 

NEG-LECT', v. t. To omit by carelessness or de- 
sign; to let slip or not notice. — Syn. To disre- 
gard; disesteem; overlook; slight; contemn. 

NEG-LECT', n. Forbearance to do a thing that 
can or ought to be done; omission of attention, 
&c. ; state of being disregarded, &c. ; habitual 
want of regard. — Syn. Inattention; disregard; 
disesteem; omission; negligence, which see. 



a, 1, &c, long.— a, e, &c, short.— care, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, bird; move, 



NEG 



293 



XEU 



NEG-LeCT'ER, n. One that neglects or omits. 

NEG-Le€T'FUL, a. Heedless ; disregarding ; 
treating with'slight; indicating indifference. 

NEG-LECT'FUL-LY, ad. With heedless inatten- 
tion. 

N£G'LI-6ENCE, n. Habitual omission of that 
which ought to be done. — Syn. Neglect— Neg- 
ligence is the habit, and neglect the act of leaving 
things undone. The one naturally leads to the 
other. Negligent men are neglectful of their du- 
ties. 

NeG'LI-gENT, a. Apt or wont to omit what 
ought to be done ; not having regard. — Syn. 
Heedless; careless; inattentive; regardless; in- 
different; remiss. 

N£G'LI-6ENT-LY, ad. In a heedless manner; 
remisslv. 

NE-GO-f IA-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality of being 
negotiable. 

NE-Go'TIA-BLE (ne-go'sha-bl), a. That may be 
negotiated, or transferred by assignment or in- 
dorsement. 

NE-Go'TIaTE (ne-go'shate), v. t. To treat with ; 
to transfer by assignment; v. i. to t-ansact busi- 
ness, or treat with another respecting trade or 
treaty. — Syn. To sell : pass: trade; procure. 

NE-GO-TI-a'TION (-she-a'shun), n. A trading; 
treaty of business; transaction of business be- 
tween nations. [business. 

NE-Go'TIa-TOR, n. One who treats or transacts 

Ne'GRESS, n. A female of the black African race. 

Ne'GRO, n. ; pi. Ne'gkoes. An African black by 
birth, or a descendant of one, of full blood. 

Ne'GUS, n. Wine, water, sugar, and lemon-juice 
mixed. 

NEIGH (nil), v. i. To cry as a horse; to whinny; 
n. the voice of a horse. 

NEIGH'BOR (na'bur), n. One who lives near ; in 
familiarity with another; a fellow-being ; a coun- 
try or nation near. 

NEIGH'BOR (na'bur), a. Near to another; next. 

NEIGH'BOR (na'bur), v. t. To live near; to hor- 
de? on. 

NEIGH'BOR-HOOD (na'bur-), n. A place near or 
its inhabitants; state of being near. — Syn. Vicin- 
ity. — These words differ in degree. Vicinity does 
not denote so close a connection as neighborhood. 
A neiohborhood is a more immediate vicinity. 

NEIGH'BOR-ING (na'bur-), a. Near; bordering 
on. 

NEIGH'BOR-LI-NESS (na'bur-), n. State of be- 
ing neighborly;' civilitv. 

NEIGH'BOR-LY (na'bur-), a. Cultivating famil- 
iar intercourse; interchanging frequent visits. — 
Syn. Kind; civil; social; obliging; friendly. 

NEI'THER (ne'thur or ni'ther), compound' pro- 
noun or substitute. Not either; no one; con. 
nor. 

+NEM. €ON. \_L.] That is, nemine contradicente. 
No one opposing ; unanimously. 

NeM'O-RAL, a. Pertaining to a. grove. 

NE-0-Lf)6'I€-AL. a. Pertaining to neologv. 

NE-oL'O-GlST. I n. One who holds to iration- 

NE-O-Lo'gI-AN.j" alistic views in theology. 

NE-oL'O-giZE, v. t. To introduce neology. 

NE-oL'O-GY. n. Rationalistic views in theology. 
The word is applied especially to the philosophi- 
cal theology of the Germans, which rejects inspi- 
ration. 

Ne'O-PHTTE, n. A new convert; a proselyte; a 
beginner in learning. 

NE-0-TeR'I€. a. New; modern; of recent origin. 

NE-PEN'THE, n. A medicine that relieves pain. 
NePH'EW (nef'yn), n. The son of a brother or 

sister. 
NE-PHRiT'IC (ne-frit'ik), n. A medicine for cur- 
ing diseases of the kidneys ; a. pertaining to the 
kidneys ; affected with the gravel. 
Nfi P'O-TISM, 7i. Fondness or favoritism for neph- 
ews or relations. 



NEP-TC'NT-AN, a. Pertaining to the ocean. 

NEP-T6 NI-AN,) n. One who holds that the sub- 

NeP'TU-NIST, J stances of the earth were 
formed from aqueous solution. 

NE'RK-ID, n. In mythology, a sea-nymph. 

NERVE (13), n. An orgauof sensation and motion 
in animals ; a sinew or tendon ; strength ; firm- 
ness; force; authority. 

NERVE, v. t. To give strength or vigor to. 

NeRVE'LESS, «. Destitute of strength ; weak. 

NERVINE (nerv'in), a. Giving strength to the 
nerves. 

NeRV'iNE, n. A medicine which operates upon 
the nerves. 

NERVOUS, a. Pertaining to or affecting the 
nerves ; beiug vigorous, as a nervous style ; being 
robust, as a nervous man; easily agitated, as a 
nervous person. 

NERV'OUS-LY. ad. With strength or vigor. 

NeRV'OUS-NESS, n. The quality of strength or 
vigor; weakness or agitation of the nervous sys- 
tem. 

NeS'CIENCE (nesh'ence), n. Want of knowledge. 

NESS, a termination of ajjpcllatives, denoting state, 
quality; as a termination of names, denoting a 
promontory. 

NEST, n. The place or bed formed by a bird for 
hatching; an abode or place of residence ; a num- 
ber of boxes, or the like, inserted in each other. 

NeST'-eGG, n. An egg left in a nest. 

NeS'TLE (nes'sl), v. i. ~ To lie close and snug, as a 
bird ; to move about in one's seat ; v. t. to house ; 
to cherish. 

NeST'LING, n. A bird just hatched. 

NEST'LING, «. Being newly hatched. 

NES-To'RI-AN, n. A follower of Nestorius, who 
held that the two natures of Christ were not so 
blended as to be indistinguishable ; a modern 
Christian of Persia. 

NeT, 72. An instrument of mesh-work for catch- 
ing fish and fowls; a cunning device; a snare; 
inextricable difficulty. 

NET; v. t. To make net-work ; to knot. 

NET, a. Clear of all charges and all deductions, 
as net weight ; improperly written nett. 

NET. v. t. To produce in clear profit. 

NeTH'ER, a. Lower: belonging to the lower re- 
gions, opposed to upper. 

NETH'ER-MoST, a. Lowest, as nethermost abyss. 

NETTING, n. A complication of net- work; net- 
work of rope or small lines used for stowing away 
sails or hammocks. [the skin. 

NeT'TLE (net'tl), n. A plant whose prickles fret 

NeT'TLE, v. t. To excite uneasiness or displeas- 
ure not amounting to wrath or violent anger. — 
Syn. To sting ; vex ; provoke ; irritate. 

NeT'TLER, n. One who frets or provokes. 

NeT'TLE-RaSH, n. An eruption on the skin 
much like that caused by the sting of a nettle. 

NeT'-WORK (-wurk), n. A complication of 
threads knotted or crossed at certain distances, 
forming meshes or open spaces. 

NEu-RAL'gI-A.) n. [(?/-.] A pain in the nerves; 

NEu-RaL'gY, / nerve-ache; tic douloureux of 
the French. 

NEu-RaL'gIC, a. Pertaining to neuralgia. 

NEu-RoL'O-gIST, n. One who treats of the nerves 
of animals. 

NEu-RoL'O-gY, n. The doctrine of the nerves ; a 
dissertation on the nervous system. 

NEu-ROT'IC. a. Related to or seated in the nerves ; 
useful for the nerves. 

NEC'TER (nu'ter), a. Not adhering to either par- 
ty; in grammar, of neither gender; as applied to 
verbs, expressing an action or state limited to the 
subject and not followed by an object, as, I go; 
the better form is intransitive. 

NEr'TRAL (n.Vtral). a. Not of either party; in- 
different; n. a person or nation that takes no 
part in a contest between others. 



HOVE. WOLF, BOOK ; ECLK, HULL ; vr'ciors. 



J ; s as z ; ch as su ; this. + Not English. 



NEU 



294 



NIG 



NEu-TRaL'I-TY, n. A state of being neutral. 
NEu-TRAL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of rendering 

neuter; state of neutrality. 
NEu'TRAL-iZE, v. t. To render neutral ; to de- 
stroy or render inert the peculiar properties of a 
body ; to destroy the peculiar opposite disposi- 
tions or parties, &c, and reduce them to a state 
of indifference. 
Nliu'TRAL-lZii'D, a. Reduced to neutrality or in- 
difference. 
NEO'TRAL-lZ-ER, n. That which neutralizes. 
NEu'TRAL-IZ-ING, a. Destroying or rendering 
inert the properties of a substance ; reducing to 
indifference or inactivity. 
NEU'TRAL-LY, ad. Without taking sides. 
NEVER, ad. At no time; in no degree. 
NEV-ER-THE-LESS', ad. Literally, "not the 
less," as " be did his duty nevertheless" i. e., with 
no less of activity on account of the thing referred 
to. It is stronger than notwithstanding. 
NEW (nil), a. The leading idea is recent in origin 
or production, as a new book — in discovery, as a 
new metal — in commencement, as the new year — 
in change, as the new moon, &c. ; fresh, as Avith 
new life; not ancient or old. — Syn. Late; mod- 
ern ; unaccustomed ; unfamiliar ; novel, which 
see. [case. 

NEWEL (nu'el), n. The upright post in a stair- 
NEW-FaN g 'GL£'D (-f ung'gld), a. Newly formed ; 

novel. 
NEW-FaSH'ION.ED (-fash'und), a. That has 

lately come into fashion. 
NEWISH a. Somewhat new. 
NEWLY (nu'ly), ad. Freshly; lately; recently; 

with a new form ; different from the former. 
NEW-MOD'EL, v. t. To give a new form to. 
NEWNESS (nu'ness), n. Lateness of origin ; state 
of being first known or introduced ; recent change. 
— Syn. Freshness ; recentness ; novelty ; innova- 
tion. 
NEWS (nTize), n. sing, and pi. Fresh or novel ac- 
counts of events ; a newspaper. — Syn. Intelli- 
gence ; advice ; information ; tidings, which see. 
NEWS'-BOY, n. A boy who carries and circu- 
lates papers. [er in news. 
NEW$'-MoN G -GER (nr,ze'-mung-ger), n. A deal- 
NEWS'Pa-PER, n. A paper to circulate news. 
NEW$'VeND-ER, n. A seller of newspapers. 
NEWT (nute), n. A small lizard or eft. 
NEW-To'NI-AN, n. A follower of Newton in phi- 
losophy; a. pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or 
formed or proceeding from him. 
NEXT, a. superlative of Nigh. Nearest in place, 

time, rank, quality, right, or relation. 
NEXT, ad. At the time or turn nearest. 
NIB, n. A point, as of a pen ; the end of a beak. 
NIB, v. t. To make or cut a nib. 
NIB'BLE, n. A little bite, or seizing to bite. 
NIB'BLE, v. t. To bite by little at a time, as to 
nibble the grass; v. i. to bite at; to carp at or 
find fault with. 
NIB'BLER, n. One that bites a little at a time ; 

a carper. 
NIB'BLING, pp>r. or a. Biting in small bits; 

carping ; n. act of nibbling or carping. 
NiCE, a. Delicate; exact; requiring scrupulous 
care. — Syn. Pleasing. — Sice implies a union of 
delicacy and exactness. In nice food, cookery, 
taste, &c, delicacy predominates; in nice dis- 
crimination, management, workmanship, a nice 
point to manage, &c, exactness predominates. 
Of late, a new sense has been introduced which 
excludes both, viz., pleasing, as a nice girl, a nice 
party, a nice excursion, &c. We even hear it 
used for beautiful, as a nice morning, a nice day, 
&c. This use of the word, though sanctioned by 
no lexicographer, is extremely common among 
the English; and if ice overdo as to "fine," they 
overdo as to "nice," but with this difference, 
that we always give the former its true sense 



[see Fine], while they rob the latter of its orig- 
inal and distinctive meaning. 
NlCE'LY, ad. In a delicate manner; accurately; 

minutely; exactly. 
NI-CeNE', a. Pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia 
Minor, where the Nicene Creed was formed in 
A.D. 325. 
NiCE'NESS, n. Delicacy of perception ; excessive 

scrupulousness; accuracy; exactness. 
Ni'CE-TY, n. Exact care ; accuracy ; exactness ; 
fastidiousness ; in thepZ., niceties, delicacies for 
food; dainties. 

NICHE (nltch), n. A hollow for a statue ; a small 
recess in the side of a wall. 

NICK, n. In Northern mythology, an evil spirit of 
the waters ; hence, Old Nick, the devil. 

NICK, n. A notch ; score; exact point of time. 

NICK, v. t. To cut or make in notches; to per- 
form by trick at a lucky moment; to cut into a 
horse's tail to make him carry it higher. 

NICK'EL, n. A hard malleable metal of white or 
reddish-white color. 

NICK'ING, n. An operation performed on the tail 
of a horse. [ties. 

NICK'-NaCKS, n. pi. Small wares; bawbles; tri- 

NICK'-NaME, n. A name given in contempt ; v. t. 
to give a name in contempt. 

NI-Co'JTAN (ne-ko'shan), a. Denoting tobacco. 

NICTATE, v. i. To wink. 

NI€-Ta'TION, n. The act of winking. 

NID'I-FI-€aTE, v. t. To make a nest. 

NID-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of forming a 
nest and hatching and feeding the young. 

NID-u-La'TION, n. The time of remaining in 
the nest. 

Ni'DUS, n. A nest for eggs, as of insects, &c. 

NIeCE (neece), n. The daughter of a brother or 
sister. 

NT-eL'LO, n. A kind of fancy ornament resem- 
bling damask- work, made by enchasing a black 
composition into hollows of wood or metal. 

NIG'GARD, n. A miser; a stingy person, who 
saves every cent and spends grudgingly. 

NIG'GARD, \ a. Sordidly mean or parsimo- 

NIG'GARD-LY,( nious.— Syn. Covetous; spar- 
ing; wary; sordid; miserly; penurious; avari- 
cious. 

NIG'GARD-LI-NESS, n. Mean covetousness. 

NlGH (ni), a. Not distant ; close in relationship, 
fellowship, progress, or condition. — Syn. Near; 
close; adjacent; contiguous. 

NIGH (nT), ad. At a small distance of place, time, 
&c ; almost. 

NiGH'NESS, n. Nearness of situation. 

NIGHT (nlte), n. The time when the sun is be- 
neath the horizon ; a state of ignorance ; adver- 
sity; obscurity. 

NIGHT'-BRAWL-ER, n. One who quarrels or 
excites a tumult by night. 

NIGHT'CAP, n. A cap worn in bed or at night. 

NIGHT'-DEW (nite'-du), n. Dew formed in the 
night. 

NiGHT'-FALL, n. Evening; close of the day. 

NIGHT'-FiRE, n. Fire by night ; the ignis fatuus. 

NIGHT'-GOWN, n. A loose gown ; an undress. 

NIGHT-HAWK, n. A night bird which makes a 
peculiar sound in darting down to secure its prey. 

NlGHT'IN-GALE, n. A small bird that sings at 
night, celebrated for the sweetness of its notes ; 
Philomel. 

NIGHT'LY, a. Done by night; done or happen- 
ing in the night ; ad. every night ; in the night. 

NIGHT'MAN, n. One who removes filth from cit- 
ies in the night. 

NIGHT'-MARE, n. A distressing sensation, as of 
a weight on the breast, during sleep ; incubus. 

NIGHT'SHaDE, n. A poisonous plant bearing a 
bell-shaped flower and berries ; belladonna. 

NIGHT'SOIL, n. The contents of privies, as re- 
moved by night. 



a, e, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short.— caee, fae, last, fall, what; these, teem ; maeine, hied; move, 



NIG 



295 



NOM 



NlGHT'-VlS'ION (-vizh'un), n. A vision at night. 

NIGHT -WALK-ER (-wauk-er), n. A struller at 
night ; one who walks in his sleep. 

NIGHT'-WATCH (mte'-woch), n. A guard at 
night a period in the night. Sight watches, in 
the Psalms, the night, or time of sleep in general. 

NT-GRfiS'CENT, a, Becomiug black. 

^r**?^*^ \n. Nothingness; non-existence. 

Xil.L. v. i. To be unwilling; nilhj-icilly, unwill- 
ing or willing. 

NI-L6M'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring 
the rise of the Nile during a flood. 

NiM'BLE, a. Moving with celerity or ease. — Syn. 
Brisk; quick; active; prompt; agile; expert. 

NiM'BLE-XESS, n. Lightness and swiftness in 
motion. 

NlM'BLY, ad. With brisk and light motion. 

NiM'BUS, n. A circle of rays around the heads of 
saints, &c, on medals; the rain-cloud. 

NINE, a. Eight and one added; a poetical name 
for the Mv&e& 

NlXE'PEXCE, n. A Bmall silver coin worth 12£ 
cents. 

XIXE'-PIXS, n. pi. A play with nine pins and a 
bowl. 

NlNE'-S€uRE, a. Nine times twenty; one hun- 
dred and eighty. 

NIXE'TEEN, a. Nine and ten added. 

XIXE'TEEXTH, a. Noting the number nine- 
teen. 

XiXE'TI-ETH, a. The ordinal of ninety. 

NlNE'TY, a. Nine times ten. 

Ni x'x yIhaM-mer, } **■ A f001 ; a sini P leton - 

NINTH, a. The ordinal of nine. 

NIP, v. t. To seize or close upon, so as to pinch 
or cut off; to blast, as a flower; to bite; to vex; 
n. a seizing or closing on so as to pinch or cut 
off; a blasting, as of plants ; a small quantity, as 
of liquor. 

NIP'PER, n. A fore tooth; one that nips. 

NiP'PERS, n. pi. Small pincers. 

NIP'PIXG, a. Noting the act of seizing, pinching, 
or blasting. 

NIP'PING-LY, ad. Bitterly; severely; tartly. 

NiP'PLE, n. A teat ; a dug ; an orifice. 

Nl'SAN, n. A Jewish month, answering to the 
end of March and beginning of April. 

*Ni'Sl PRl'US. [2/.] In law, the name of certain 
courts for the trial of causes in the several coun- 
ties. 

NiT, n. The egg of a louse or other small insect. 

NITER,) n. Saltpeter; nitrate of potash, a min- 

Xi'TRE,/ eral salt, of great use iu the arts, and 
the chief ingredient in gunpowder. 

NITRATE, n. A salt formed of nitric acid and a 
base. 

NIT RIG, a. Impregnated with nitric acid. 

NITRI-Fv, v. i. To form into niter. 

NITR0-6EN, n. An element of nitric acid; a 
substance which, with oxygen, constitutes the at- 
mosphere ; azote. 

Nl~TR6<j'E-NOUS, a. Producing niter. 

NI'TRO-MU-RI-AT'I€, a. Noting an acid com- 
posed of nitric and muriatic acids. 

NITROUS, a. Pertaining to niter; like niter. 

NITROUS oX'YD, n. A gas formed by equal 
parts of oxygen and nitre gen, called, from its ef- 
fects, laughing or exhilarating gas. 

NITRY, a. Like niter or pertaining to it. 

NITTY, a. Abounding with nits. 

XiY'E-OUS, a. Like snow or partaking of its 
qualities. 

No, ad. A word of denial or refusal. When re- 
peated it expresses negation with emphasis. 

No, a. Not any; none; not one. 

NO-BILT-TaTE, v. t. To ennoble. 

NO-BiLT-TY, n. Dignity of mind ; antiquity or 
distinction of family or rank ; nobles. 



Xo'BLE, a. Dignified in mind or in rank; high 
in excellence or worth ; of an ancient family; dis- 
tinguished for splendor or for liberality ; of a dis- 
position ready to receive truth, &c. ; of the best 
kind. — Syn. Exalted; elevated; illustrious; hon- 
orable; free; generous; ingenuous. 

Nu'BLE, n. A persou of elevated rank; an old 
English gold coin worth about $1 50. 

No'BLE-MAN, n. A man of rank or birth. 

Xo'BLE-XESS, n. Greatness of mind ; high rank; 
distinction by birth ; magnanimity. 

NO-BLESSE', n. The nobility ; the'body of nobles 
collectively. 

No'BLY, ad. With dignity ; with greatness of 
soul; splendor or magnificence. — Syn. Illustri- 
ously ; honorably ; heroically ; worthily ; grand- 
ly ; splendidly. 

No'BOD-Y, n. Not any person ; no one. 

Xo'CEXT, a. Hurtful: mischievous; doing hurt 

XOO-TAM-BU-LXTIOX, n. A walking in 'sleep. 

XO€-TAM'BU-LlST, n. One who walks in sleep. 

NO€-TIV'A-GANT, a. Wandering in the night. 

NOOTL'RX, n. An office of devotion by night; 
part of the matins. 

Xo€-TCR'XAL, a. Xightly; done at night; done 
or being every night ; pertaining to night 

NoG'u-OUS, a. Injurious; hurtful. 

'SoD, v. i. To bow the head ; bend or incline with 
a quick motion ; to be drowsy ; to beckon with a 
nod. 

NoD, v. t. To incline or bend ; to shake ; to signi- 
fy by a nod. 

NoD, n. A quick inclination of the head; a slight 
obeisance ; a command. 

Xo'DAL, a. Belonging to a node, as the nodal 
point. 

Xu'Da-TED, a. Knotted. 

NoD'DER. n. One who nods or makes signs with 
the head ; a drowsy person. 

NOD'DLE, n. The head, in contempt. 

XoD'DY, n. A simpleton ; a fowl easily taken. 

XuDE, n. A knot; a swelling in tendons or bones; 
point where the orbit of a planet intersects the 
ecliptic. 

XO-DoSE',) a. Knotty; full of knots; having 

Xo'DOUS, / knots or swelling joints. 

XO-DoS'I-TY, n. Knottiness. 

XoD'u-LAR, a. Being in the form of a knot. 

XoD'uLE (nod'yr.le), n. A small knot or lump. 

XoG'GIX, n. A small wooden mug or cup. 

NOISE (noiz), n. Sound of any kind; loud, con- 
tinued, or frequent talk. — Syn. Ciy; clamor; din; 
clatter; outcry; tnmuit; uproar. 

NOISE, v. i. To sound aloud. 

NOISE, v. t. To spread by rumor or report 

NOISE'LESS, a. Making no noise: silent 

NOI'SI-LY, ad. With noise or clamor. 

XOI'SI-XESS. n. State of being noisy ; loudness 
of sound ; clamor. 

NOI'SOME (noi'sum), a. Injurious to health : of- 
fensive to the smell or other senses. — Syn. Xox- 
ious. — A thing which is noxious inflicts evil di- 
rectly, as a noxious plant, noxious practices. &c. ; 
a thing which is noisome operates with a remoter 
influence, as noisome vapors, a noisome pesti- 
lence, &c, and has the additional sense of dis- 
gusting. 

NOI'SGME-LY (noi'sum-ly), ad. Offensively ; 
with ill odor. 

NOPS.jME-XESS, n. Offensiveness to the smell ; 
quality that disgusts. 

NOI'SY, a. Clamorous; turbulent; loud. 

+X5'LEXS Yo'LEXS. [L.] Unwilling or willing. 

+X6L'LE PR6S'E-QUL [£.] In law, a formal 
stoppage of proceedings in a suit by a plaint- 
iff, etc. 

Xo'MAD, n. One who leads a wandering life and 
subsists by tending herds of cattle. 

XO-MAD'IG, a. Pastoral; wandering for pas- 
turage. 



dove, wolf, book ; RULE, bull ; yi'cious. — € as k ; <i as j ; s as z ; cuassn; this. + Not English. 



NOM 



296 



NOR 



No'MAD-ISM, n. The state of a nomad. 

No'MAD-lZE,v. i. To wander for pasturage. 

NoM'BLis' $ (num'blz), n. pi. Entrails of a deer. 

+NOM DE GUERRE (nom de gar). LFV.] A fic- 
titious name, assumed for a time. 

No'MEN-€La-TOR, n. In modern usage, one who 
gives names tojhings. 

No'MEN-€La-TuRE, n. The names or system of 
terms appropriated to any art or science ; a vo- 
cabulary. 

No'MI-AL, n. A single term in mathematics. 

N6M'I-NAL, a. Existing in name only. 

NoM'I-NAL-IST, n. One of a school of philoso- 
phers who maintained that terms used for genera 
and species are but mere navies for the resem- 
blances or evidences of things, not of things 
themselves. 

N6M'I-NAL-LY, ad. In name only; not in fact. 

NoM'1-NaTE, v. t. To name ; to propose ; to ap- 
point ; to name for election. 

NOM-I-Na'TION, n. Act or power of naming ; 
the state of being nominated. 

NoM'I-NA-TiVE, a. In grammar, pertaining to 
the name which precedes a verb, or the first case 
of nouns. 

N6M'I-NA.-TiVE, n. The first case in grammar. 

NOM'I-Na-TOR, n. One who names or nominates. 

NOM-I-NEE', n. One named or designated. 

NoN, in composition, signifies not. 

NoN'AgE, n. Minority ; the time of life before a 
person becomes of age. 

NON-A-gEN-a'RI-AN, n. One ninety years old. 

NON-A-geS'I-MAL, a. Ninetieth ; noting the 
highest point of the ecliptic above the horizon. 

NON-AT-TeND'ANCE, n. Omission of attend- 
ance. 

N6NCE, n. Occasion ; this once. 

*NON-cHA-LXN(JE'(non-sha-liince'), n. LFV.] In- 
difference; coolness. 

NON-€OM-MiS'SION.EJD, a. Not having a com- 
mission ; noting officers in the army below en- 
sign or cornet, and in the navy below lieutenant. 

NON-€OM-MiT'TAL, a. Not pledged to any 
course, &c. 

NON-€OM-MiT'TAL, n. A state of not being 
committed or pledged. 

NON-€OM-MuN'ION, n. Neglect of communion. 

NON-€OM-PLi'ANCE, n. Neglect of compliance. 

+NON -GoM'POS MeN'TIS,) [I/.] Unsound in 

+NON OoM'POS, j mind. 

NON-€ON-€uR'RENCE, n. A refusal to concur. 

NON-€ON-Du€T'OR, n. A substance that does 
not transmit another substance or fluid, as heat 
or electricity. 

NON-€ON-F0RM'ING, a. Not joining in the es- 
tablished religion. 

NON-€ON-FoEM'IST, n. One who does not con- 
form to the worship of the established church. 

NON-€ON-F5RM'I-TY, n. A refusal to conform. 

N6N'€ON-TENT, n. In the British House of 
Lords, one who gives a negative vote; abridged 
also to nan. con. 

N6N'DE-S€RIPT, a. That has not been described ; 
n. any thing which has not been described or dif- 
ficult to be described. 

N6NE (nfin), a. It is sometimes used as a substi- 
tute, the noun being omitted, as seeking rest and 
finding none; not one ; not any. 

NON-E-Lk€T ', n. One not elected to salvation. 

NON-EN'TI-TY, n. Non-existence; a thing not 
existing. 

NoNES (nonze), n. pi. In Rome, the seventh of 
March, May, July, and October, and the fifth of 
the other months. The nones were nine days 
from the ides. 

NON-ES-SeN'TIAL, a. That which is not essen- 
tial. 

+NON EST IN-VeN'TUS. [L.] He is not found. 

NONE'SUCH, n. That which has not its equal. 

NON-EX-iST'ENCE, n. Absence of existence. 



NON-EX-PoR-Ta'TION, n. Failure of exporta- 
tion ; a not exporting goods. 

NON-FUL-FiLL'MENT, n. Neglect or failure to 
fulfill. 

NO-NiLL'ION (-nil'yun), n. Nine million millions. 

NON-IM-PoR-Ta'TION, n. Failure of importa- 
tion. 

NON-Ju'ROR, n. One who refused to swear al- 
legiance to the crown of England on the abdica- 
tion of James II. 

+NON LI'QUET. [Z/.] It is not clear; a phrase 
used when one votes on neither side of a ques- 
tion, because undecided. 

NON-OB-$eRV'ANCE, n. Neglect of observance. 

NON-PA-ReIL' (non-pa-reO, n. A small piinting 
type; a kind of apple ; unequaled excellence ; a. 
having no equal ; peerless. 

NON-PaY'MENT, n. Neglect of payment. 

NoN'PLUS, n. Puzzle ; insuperable difficulty. 

NoN'PLUS, v. t. To puzzle ; to put to a stand ; to 
stop by embarrassment. 

NON-FRO-Du€'TION, n. Failure to produce. 

NON-ReS'I-DENCE, n. Failure or neglect of re- 
siding at the place where one is stationed, or 
where official duties require one to reside. 

NON-ReS'I-DENT, a. Not residing in a place ; n. 
one who does not reside on his estate or with his 
charge. 

NON-RE-SlST'ANCE, n. Passive submission. 

NON-EE-$iST'ANT, a. Making no resistance to 
power or oppression ; n. one who maintains that 
no resistance should be made to injuries inflicted. 

NoN'SENSE, n. Words without meaning; ab- 
surdity ; trifles of no importance. 

NON-SeN'SI-€AL, a. Unmeaning; foolish. 

NON-SeN'SI-€AL-LY, ad. Without meaning. 

NON-SEN'SI-€AL-NESS, n. Jargon ; absurdity. 

NON-SLN'SI-TiVE, a. Wanting conception. 

+NON-SEQ/UI-TER (-sek'we-tur). [I/.] It does not 
follow ; in logic, an inference not following from 
the premises. 

NoN'SuIT, n. Non-appearance of a plaintiff in 
court when called. 

NoN'SuIT, v. t. To adjudge that a plaintiff drop 
his suit. 

NON-u$'ER (-yoo'zer), n. Neglect of use or per- 
formance ; neglect of official duty. 

NOO'DLE, n. A simpleton. [Vulgar.] 

NOOK, n. A corner; a narrow place. 

NOON, n. The middle of the day; meridian; 
twelve o'clock. 

NOON'DaY, ( n. Midday ; the time of noon ; 

NOON'TipE,; twelve o'clock. 

NOON'DaY, \ a. Pertaining to the noon ; merrd- 

NOON'TIDEJ ional. 

NOON'ING, n. Repose in the middle of the day. 

NOOSE (nooz), n. A running knot, which binds 
the closer the more it is drawn. 

NOOSE (nooz), v. t. To catch in a noose ; to in- 
snare ; to tie in a noose. 

No'PAL, n. Indian fig ; a plant from which coch- 
ineal is collected. 

NoR (20), con. A word that denies or renders neg- 
ative. 

NoR'MAL, a. Literally, according to a square 
{norma) or rule ; hence, according to rule ; ac- 
cording to established principles; regular; per- 
pendicular. A normal school is one where instruc- 
tion is given in the art of teaching. — Syn. Regu- 
lar; ordinary. — Regular and ordinary are popu- 
lar terms of well-known signification; normal 
has now a more specific sense, arising out of its 
use in science. A thing is normal, or in its nor- 
mal state, when strictly conformed to those prin- 
ciples of its constitution which make it what it 
is. It is abnormal when it departs from those 
principles. 

NoR'MAN, n. A native of Normandy. 

NoR'MAN, a. Pertaining to Normandy or the 
Normans. 



a, 1, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, fae, last, fall, what; tiieee, teem; maeine, hied; move, 



NOR 



297 



XOU 



NoRNS, n. pi. In Scandinavian mythology, the 
three fates, pt&st* present, and future, whose de- 
crees were irrevocable. 

NoRSK, n. A name for the language of ancient 
Scandinavia. 

N6ETH, n. The point opposite the south. 

N5ETH, a. Being in the north. 

NORTH-EAST", n. The point between the north 
and east. 

NORTH-EAST', a. Pertaining to northeast. 

NORTH-EAST'ER-LY, a. Toward or from the 
northeast quarter. 

NORTH-EAST'ERN, a. Pertaining to the north- 
east ; being in, or in the direction of the north- 
east. 

NoRTH'ER, n. A violent tempest from the north. 

NoRTH'ER-LY, a. Being toward the north ; from 
the north ; ad. in a northerly direction. 

NoRTH'ERN, a. Being in or near the north ; in 
a direction toward the north. 

NoRTH'ERN-ER, n. A resident in the north. 

NdRTH'IXG, n. Course or distance north, meas- 
ured on a meridian. 

NoRTH'MAN, n. ; pi. Nobth'men. A name of an- 
cient Scandinavians; hence Normans. 

NoRTH' STXR, n. The north polar star. 

NoRTH'WARD, a. Being toward the north ; ad. 
in a northern direction. 

NORTH-WEST', n. The point equidistant be- 
tween the north and west. 

NORTH-WEST', a. Being in the northwest ; pro- 
ceeding from the northwest. 

NORTH-WEST'ER-LY, ad. Toward "or from the 
northwest. 

NORTH-WfiST'ERN, a. Pertaining to or being 
in, or in a direction to the northwest. 

N6RTII' WIND, n. Wind that blows from the 
north. 

NOR-We'gI-AN, a. Belonging to or produced in 
Norway; n. a native of Norway. 

NoSE (noz s), n. The prominent part of the face, 
constituting the organ of smell; the end of any 
thing, as the nose of a bellows; scent; sagacity. 

NoSE, v. t. To smell ; to scent ; to oppose to the 
face ; to lead blindly. 

NoSE'-BLEED, n. A bleeding of the nose. 

NoSE'GaY, n. A bunch of flowers; a bouquet. 

NoS'LE (noz'zl), n. A little nose. See Nozzle. 

NOS-0-Log'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to nosology. 

NO-SoL'O-GlST, n. One that classifies diseases. 

NO-SoL'O-gY, n. Systematic arrangement or 
classification of diseases, with names and defini- 
tions, or the science which treats of it. 

NOS-TaL'gI-A, n. Home-sickness. 

NOS-TAL'*I€, a. Relating to nostalgia. 

NoS'TRIL, n. A passage through the nose by 
which the air is inhaled. 

NoS'TRUM, n. A medicine the ingredients of 
which are kept secret. [al. 

NoT, ad. A word that expresses negation or deni- 

*No'TA Bk'NE. [Z,.] Take particular notice. 

No'TA-BLE, a. Worthy of notice ; conspicuous ; 
memorable. 

NoT'A-BLE, a. Active ; industrious ; distin- 
guished for good management. 

No'TA-BLE-NESS, n. Remarkableness. 

N6T'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of industry or 
smartness. 

No'TA-BLY, ad. In a memorable manner. 

N6T'A-BLY, ad. With bustling activity. 

NO-Ta'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a notary; done or 
taken by a notary. 

No'TA-RY, n. An officer who attests contracts, 
called also notary public. 

NO-Ta'TION, n. The act of noting or recording 
by marks, figures, or characters. 

N5TCH, n. A cut or nick ; an opening or narrow 
passage through a mountain or hill. 

NoTCH, v. t, To cut a hollow in. 

NoTE, n. A mark; token; short writing; sound 



in music ; comment ; obligation without seal ; 
minute or memorandum; reputation; abbrevia- 
tion or notation. Notes, pi., a written discourse ; 
a writing. 

NOTE, v. t. To set down ; to notice with particu- 
lar care ; to state the fact of a protest on a note 
refused acceptance. — Syn. To mark ; remark ; re- 
gard ; heed; observe; attend; record; register. 

NoTE'-BOOK, n. A book in which memoran- 
dums or notes are entered. 

NoT'ED, a. Much known by reputation or re- 
port, — Syn. Distinguished ; celebrated ; remark- 
able ; eminent ; illustrious ; conspicuous ; fa- 
mous; notorious. 

NoT'ED-LY, ad. With observation or notice. 

NoT'ED-NESS, n. The quality of conspicuous- 
ness; celebrity. 

NoT'ER, n. One who takes notes; an annotator. 

NoTH'IXG (nfith'ing), n. Not any thing; nonen- 
tity; no other thing; no part or portion ; no pos- 
session of estate ; a trifle. 

NoTH'IXG, ad* In no degree; not at all. 

NOTH'ING-NESS (nuth'-), n. Non-existence ; no 
value. 

No'TiCE, n. Observation by the eye or other 
senses ; observation by the mind ; knowledge 
given or received ; a paper that communicates in- 
formation; respectful treatment ; something said 
on a particular subject. — Sra. Attention ; remark ; 
regard; note; heed; consideration; respect; in- 
telligence; information; advice; news. 

No'TiCE, v. t. To observe by the senses; to pay 
attention to; to make observations on; to treat 
with civilities, &c. ; to observe intellectually. — 
Syn. To mind ; regard ; perceive ; see ; heed. 

No'TiCE-A-BLE, a. That may be observed, or 
that is worthy of observation. 

NO-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of giving notice ; no- 
tice given ; the writing which communicates in- 
formation; advertisement; citation. 

No'TI-Fy, v. t. To inform; to make known to; 
to publish ; to give information of. 

XoT'lNG, n. The making of a memorandum ; 
the act of a notary in certifying that a note has 
not been duly paid. 

No'TION, n. Conception; sentiment; opinion; 
sense; understanding; inclination, in vulgar use. 

No'TION-AL, a. Existing in idea only; dealing 
in imaginary things. — Syn. Imaginary; ideal; 
visionary; whimsical; fanciful. 

No'TION-AL-LY, ad. In notion ; with fancy. 

NO-TO-Rl'E-TY, n. Public knowledge, or expo- 
sure^© it. 

XO-To'RI-OUS, a. Publicly known; manifest to 
the world ; usually, as known to disadvantage. — 
Syn. Distinguished; remarkable; famous; not- 
ed; infamous; celebrated, &c. 

NO-To'RI-OUS-LY, ad. In a manner to be known 
or manifest. — Syn. Publicly; openly; notedly; 
infamously. 

NO-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being publicly 
known; notoriety; beyond denial. 

NOT-WITH-STAND'ING, ?wr. This word isstrict- 
ly the present participle of withstand, qualified 
by not, as "not xoithstanding his opposition, I 
will do it." Here the participle is in the case ab- 
solute with the phrase "his opposition." So in 
the phrase "I will do it, notwithstanding,'" the 
participle agrees with the thing referred to. It 
may be convenient to consider notwithstanding 
as a preposition in the former case and a con- 
junction in the latter, but it is truly a participle 
in both. 

NOUGHT. See Naught. 

NOUN, n. A name; that by which a thing is 
called. 

NOuR'ISH (nur'ish), v. t. To support with food; 
to cause to grow. See Nurture. 

NOuRISH-ER (nur'ish-), n. He or that which 
nourishes. 



DOVE, WOLF, ECOX ; RULE, EULL ; VI C10U3. G as K J O as J 



is z ; cm as su ; this. * Xot English. 



NOU 



293 



NUE 



NOOR'ISH-MENT (nur'ish-), n. Act of nourish- 
ing; that which serves to promote growth or re- 
pair waste in animals, plants, or in attainments. 
— Syn. Nutrition ; food ; sustenance ; nutriment ; 
aliment, support. 

NOVEL (nov'el), a. Out of the common course; 
unexpected; strange. — Syn. New. — Every thing 
at its first occurrence is new ; a thing is novel 
when it is so much out of the ordinary course of 
things as to strike us with surprise. We have 
daily new inventions, but a novel one supposes 
some very peculiar means of attaining its end. 
Novel theories are regarded with distrust, as like- 
ly to prove more ingenious than sound. 

NoV'EL, n. A fictitious tale in prose. 

NoV'EL-ETTE, n. A small or brief novel. 

N6VEL-IST, n. A writer of novels; an innova- 
tor ; an asserter of novelty. 

NoV'EL-TY, n. Recentness of origin ; something 
new or strange ; newness. 

NO- VfiM'BER, n. The eleventh month of the year. 

IS o' VEN- A-RY, a. Pertaining to the number nine. 

NO-VfiX'NI-AL, a. Occurring every ninth year. 

IsO-VeR'CAL, a. Pertaining to a step-mother. 

NoV'lCE (nov'is), n. A beginner ; one unskilled ; 
one who has entered a convent or nunnery, but 
not taken the vow ; one newly converted to Chris- 
tiauity. 

NO-VI"TIATE (-vish'ate), n. State of learning 
rudiments; the time of probation for a novice; 
one who is going through a period of probation ; 
a novice. 

NOW, ad. At this time; very lately; now and 
then, occasionally; n. the present time. 

NO W'A-DaYS, ad. In the present age or time. 

^y,*:,^ *•/ i ad. In no manner or degree. 

Nu'WllKRE (12) (no'whare), ad. Not in any place 
or state. 

No'WiiSE, ad. Not in any manner. 

NdX'IOUS (nok'shus), a. Productive of injury or 
evil consequences. — Syn. Hurtful; injurious; 
baneful ; noisome, which see. 

NdX'IOUS-LY (nok'shus-), ad. In a hurtful man- 
ner; hurtmlly; perniciously. 

NoX'IOUS-NESS (nok'shus-), n. The quality 
that injures, impairs, corrupts, or destroys. — Syn. 
Banefulness ; corruptness; hurtfulness ; insalu- 
brity; criminality. 

No'YAU (no'yo), n. A rich cordial, sometimes 
flavored with the nut of the bitter almond. 

NoZ'ZLE (noz'zl), «. A nose; snout; point; end. 

NuB'BIN, n. An imperfect ear of maize. 

NO'BiLE, a. Marriageable ; of an age suitable for 
marriage. 

Nu'BIL-OUS, a. Being cloudy ; overcast ; gloomy. 

NU-CiF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing or producing nuts. 

Nu'CLE-aTE, v. i. To gather round a nucleus. 

NU-€Le'I-FORM, a. Formed like a nut. 

Nu'OLE-US, n.; pi. NC'ole-us-es or Ni/ole-T. A 
body about which any thing is collected ; the 
body or head of a comet ; the kernel of a nut. 

NU-Da'TION, n. The act of making bare. 

NUDE, a. Made or being bare; naked; of no 
force. 

Nu'DI-TY, n. The state of being naked; naked- 
ness ; pi. naked parts ; in the fine arts, figures 
undraped. 

NU-GAC'I-TY (-gas'e-ty), n. Futility; trifling 
talk or behavior. [cant. 

Nu'GA-TO-RY, a. Of no force ; futile ; insignifi- 

NuG'GET, n. A lump of metal or ore, as a nugget 
of gold. [This, according to Trench, is a revival 
of the old word nigot, which was simply an in- 
version of ingot.'] 

NuI'SANCE (nu'sance), n. That which annoys or 
is offensive ; something that inconveniences. 

NuLL, a. Void ; of no binding force. 

NUL-LI-FI-€A"'TION, n. The act of nullifying ; 
a rendering void or of no legal effect. 



NuL'LI-Fi-ER, n. One who makes void ; one who 
maintains the right to nullify a contract by one 
of the parties. 

NuL'LI-FY, v. t. To annul ; to make void ; to ren- 
der invalid ; to deprive of legal force or efficacy. 
See Abolish. 

NOL'LI-TY, n. Nothingness; want of existence; 
want of force and efficacy. 

NuMB (num), a. Destitute of the power of sensa- 
tion or motion ; producing numbness. — Syn. Tor- 
pid ; paralyzed ; benumbed ; chill ; motionless. 

NuMB (num), v. t. To deprive of the power of 
feeling; to, make torpid. — Syn. To deaden; stu- 
pefy; benumb; paralyze; chill. 

NuM'BER, n. Unit or an assemblage of units ; 
measure; poetry; verse; more than one; many; 
multitude ; in grammar, the difference of termin- 
ation. 

NuM'BER, v. t. To ascertain the units of any 
sum, collection, &c. ; to reckon as one of a col- 
lection or multitude. — Syn. To count; tell; enu- 
merate; calculate. 

NuM'BER-ER, n. One who enumerates. 

NuM'BER-LESS, a. That can not be counted. 

NuM'BERS,™. 2)1. Fourth book of the Pentateuch. 

NuMB'NESS (num'ness), n. Torpidness ; torpor. 

Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. That may be numbered. 

Nu'MER-AL, a. Relating to number ; expressing 
number ; n. a figure or character used to express 
a number, as the Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, &c. 

Nu'MER-AL-LY, ad. According to number ; in 
number. 

Nu'MER-A-RY, a. Belonging to a certain number. 

Nu'MER-aTE, v.t. To count or reckon in num- 
bers. 

NU-MER-a'TION, n. Act or art of numbering ; 
in arithmetic, the act or art of dividing off a se- 
ries of figures, according to their values, and ex- 
pressing_these in words. 

Nu'MER-A-TOR, n. One who numbers ; a number 
that shows how many parts are taken ; the num- 
ber above the line in fractions. 

NU-M£R'I€, ) a. Consisting in number.; de- 

NU-M£R'I€-AL, J noting number. 

NU-MeR'I€-AL-LY, ad. In numbers. 

Nu'MER-OUS, a. Containing many ; musical ; 
consisting of poetic numbers. 

Nu'MER-OUS-LY, ad. In or with great numbers. 

NU-MIS-MAT'IC, a. Pertaining to coins, money, 
or medals. 

NU-MI$-MaT'I€S, n. pi. The science of coins or 
medals. 

NU-MIS-MA-ToL'O-GlST, n. One who is versed 
in the knowledge of coins and medals. 

NU-ML6-MA-T6LO-GY, n. The branch of sci- 
ence which treats of coins and medals. 

N DM'MA-RY ' f a ' * >ertamul g to coin or money. 

NuM'MU-LITE, n. Fossil remains of a chambered 
shell, of a flattened form, resembling coin. 

NOM'SKULL, n. A dunce ; a blockhead. 

NuN, n. A female who lives in a cloister, under a 
vow of perpetual chastity. 

NCN'cIo (nun'sho), n. An embassador of the 
pope to some prince or state. 

NUN-€U-Pa'TION, n. A naming. 

NUN-€u'PA-TiVE, \ a. Nominal; verbal; not 

NUN-€u'PA-TO-RY,j written, publicly declar- 
atory. 

NON'DI-NAL, a. Pertaining to a fair or market- 
day. 

NON'NER-Y, a. A cloister for females ; a house 
in which nuns reside. See Cloistejj. 

NOP'TIAL (niip'shal), a. Pertaining to marriage ; 
constituting marriage ; done at a wedding. 

NOP'TIALS, n. pi. Marriage. 

NORSE, m. One who tends a child or the sick; a 
woman that suckles infants ; at nurse, with a 
nurse. 

NORSE, v. t. To bring up or tend a child; to 



I, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



NUR 



299 



OBE 



feed ; to nourish at the breast ; to cherish ; to 
encourage ; to manage with economy. 

NuRS'EK- Y, n. A room for children ; a plantation 
of young trees ; the place where any thing is fos- 
tered and growth promoted; that which forms 
and educates. 

NfiRS'LING, n. An infant; one that is nursed. 

NORT'CRE (niirt'yur), v. t. To hring up with care 
in respect to food, culture, education, &c. — Syn. 
To nourish, cherish. — Nourish denotes to supply 
with food or cause to grow, as to nourish a plant, 
to nourish rebellion. To nurture is to train up 
with a fostering care, like that of a mother, as to 
nurture into strength, to nurture in sound princi- 
ples; to cherish is to hold and treat as dear (Fr. 
cherir), as to cherish hopes or affections. 

NuRT'uRE, n. That which nurtures. 

NuT, n. A fruit consisting of a shell and kerne! ; 
a projection near the eye of an anchor; a small 
block of metal or wood containing a concave 
screw. 

NuT, v. i. To gather nuts. 

Nu'TANT, a. Nodding; having the top bent 
downward. 

NU-Ta'TION, n. In astronomy, an apparent vi- 
bratory motion of the earth's axis. 

Nf;T'-BROWN, a. Brown like a ripe nut. 

NuT'-€RaOK-ER, n. An instrument to crack 
nuts ; a European hird. 

NuT'-GALL, n. An excrescence of the oak. 

NCT'-HOOK, n. A pole with a hook at the end 
for gathering nuts. 

NuT'MEG, n. The fruit of a tree of the East In- 
dies, aromatic and much used in cookery. 

Nu'TRI-A, n. The commercial name of skins of 
a species of water-rat of the size and color of the 
otter. 

Nu'TRI-ENT, n. Any substance which nourishes 
by promoting the growth or repairing the waste 
of animal bodies. 

Nu'TRI-ENT, a. Nourishing ; promoting gro-vth. 

Nu'TRI-MENT, n. That which nourishes or pro- 
motes improvement. — Syn. Aliment; diet; nour- 
ishment; food; education; instruction. 

NU-TRI-MeNT'AL, a. Affording nourishment; 
having the qualities of food. 

NU-TRi"TION (-trish'un), n. Act or process of 
nourishing and promoting growth; that which 
nourishes. 

NU-TRi"TIOUS (-trish'us), a. Nourishing; pro- 
moting growth. 

NU-TRI"TIOUS-LY, ad. So as to nourish. 

Nc'TRI-TlVE, a. Yielding nourishment; aii- 
mental. 

nS : ?r?:t?re, ness '[ n - Quality of nourishin s- 

NuT'-SHeLL, ». The hard cover <5f a nut. 
NuT'TING, a. Gathering nuts. 
NuT'TING, n. Act of gathering nuts. 
NuT'-TREF, n. A tree that bears nuts, as the 

walnut, &c. 
*NuX VoM'I-€A, n. The fruit of a tree in the 

East Indies, a violent poison, used as a medicine ; 

strychnine. 
NuZ'ZLE, v. t. To lie snug; to nestle; v. i. to 

work the nose, like swine in the mud ; to push 

with the nose. 
NY€-TA-Lo'PI-A, n. A disease in which the vi- 
sion is painfully acute in a strong light, but clear 

and pleasant in the shade. 
NyMPH (nimf), n. A goddess of the woods and 

waters ; a lady. 
NfMPH, \n. A pupa; chrysalis or aurelia of 
NyMPH'A.J an insect. 
NYMPH-ETAN (nlmf-e'an), a. Pertaining to 

nymphs; inhabited by nymphs. 
NyMPH '-LIKE, a. Resembling nymphs. 
NyMPH'LY, a. Resembling a nymph. 
NYMPH-O-Ma'NI-A, n. Morbid and immodest 

desire of females ; a species of derangement. 



O. 



The letter o, with a and u, forms a class called 
the broad vowels. It has a long sound, as in 
note, and a short sound, as in not, and the sound 
of oo, as in move, shortened in words of close ar- 
ticulation, as in book, foot. 

O is often used as an exclamation, expressing a 
wish ; also surprise, wonder, &c. 

O, before the name of a family in Irish, denotes 
progeny or dignity, and is written with an apos- 

_ trophe, O'. 

oAF (fife), n. A changeling; a foolish child; a 

_ dolt. 

oAF'ISH, rt. Being dull; stupid: doltish. 

oAK (oke), n. A valuable tree or its wood. 

oAK'-AP-PLE, n. An excrescence on oak leaves, 

_ called also oak-leaf gall. 

oAK'_EN (6'kn), a. Made of oak; consisting of 

_ oak. 

oAK'LJNG, n. A young oak. 

oAK'-uP-fi'N-ING, n. A term applied to openings 
or thinly-wooded spaces in oak forests free of un- 
derwood. 

oAK'UM, n. Old rope untwisted and picked. 

GAK'Y, a. Possessing firmness ; hard ; strong. 

GAR, n. An instrument to row boats. 

oAR, v. i. To impel by rowing. 

OAR, v. t. To row. 

OARS'MAN (Grz'man), n. One who rows at the 

_ oar. 

oAR'Y, a. Having the form or use of an oar. 

O'A-SIS, n. ; pi. o'a-ses. A fertile watered place 

_ in the sandy desert. 

uAST, n. A kiln to dry hops or malt. 

uAT (6te), n. A plant and its 6eed, usually in the 

_ plural, oats. 

oAT'-CaKE, n. A cake made of oatmeal. 

oAT'i?N (fi'tn), a. Pertaining to oats; made of 
oatmeal or of an oat straw. 

oATII, n. ; pi. oaths. A solemn affirmation, with 
an appeal to God for its truth. 

oAT'MALT, n. Malt made of oats. 

oAT'MeAL, n. Meal of oats, produced by grind- 
ing or pounding. 

OB, a prefix, usually signifies before, in front, or 
against. 

OB-BLI-GX'TO, a. ■[/£.] Literally, bound or con- 
fined ; a term in music signifying composed ex- 
pressly for the instrument named. 

OB-Du'RA-CY or 6B'DU-RA-CY, n. Invincible 
hardness of heart. 

OB-Du'RATE or 6B'DU-RATE, a. Exceedingly 
hard ; cruel. — Syn. Callous ; hardened. — Callous 
denotes a deadening of the sensibilities, as a 
callous conscience; hardened implies a general 
and settled disregard for the claims of interest, 
duty, and sympathy, as hardened in vice ; obdu- 
rate rises still higher (L. obdurattis), and implies 
an active resistance of the heart and will against 
the pleadings of compassion and humanity. 
"There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart." — 
Cowper. 

OB-Du'RATE-LY or 6B'DU-RATE-LY, ad. With 
inflexible stubbornness. 

OB-Du'RATE-NESS or oB'DU-RATE-NESS, n. 
Inflexible hardness of heart; persistent stubborn- 
ness; impenitence. 

O'BE-AH, n. African witchcraft. 

O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. Compliance with a command 
or_rule of duty. 

O-Be'DI-ENT, a. Submissive to authority; yield- 
ing compliance with commands. &c. — Syn. Duti- 
ful; respectful; compliant; regardful; submis- 
sive. 

O-Be'DI-ENT-LY, ad. With submission to com- 
mands. 

O-BeI'SANCE (o-be'sauce or o-ba'sance), n. Act 
of revei-ence ; a bow or courtesy. 



dove, wolf, ijook ; iutle, bull ; vf'cious. — € as k ; <j as J ; s 



ch as en ; mis. * Sot English. 



OBE 



300 



OBS 



O-BeI'SANT (-be'- or -ha'-), a. Being reverent or 
submissive. 

OB-E-LIS'€AL, a. Being in the form of an obe- 
lisk. 

oB'E-LISK, n. A four-square pillar, tapering as 
it rises, and cut off at top in the form of a flat 
pyramid ; in writing and printing, a mark of ref- 
erence to the margin, thus t. 

O-BESE'NESS,* n. Incumbrance of flesh ; fat- 

O-BfiS'I-TY, j ness ; grossness. 

O-BEY' (o-biV), v. t. To comply with commands ; 
to submit to the government or direction of; to 
yield to the impulse or operation of. 

O-BEY'ERj-ba'-), n. One who obeys. 

OB-FuS'€aTE. v. t. To make dark ; to obscure. 

OB-FUS-€a'TION, n. Act of obscuring ; a dark- 
ening; state of being darkened. 

oB'IT, n. Death ; decease ; funeral solemnities ; 
an annual service for the deceased. 

*6B'I-TER. [L.] In passing; incidentally. 

O-BiT'u-AL, a. Pertaining to funeral solemnities 
or days of their celebration. 

O-BiT'u-A-RY, n. A register of deaths or account 
of the deceased; a. relating to a deceased person. 

oB'JECT, n. That on which we are employed ; 
something presented to the senses; in grammar, 
that which folloAvs the transitive verb. — Syn. 
Aim; end; design; purpose; subject. 

OB-Je€T', v. t. To oppose ; to present in opposi- 
tion ; to propose as a charge or against. 

OB-Je€T', v. i. To oppose in words and reasons. 

OB-JfiC'TION, n. The act of opposing ; adverse 
reason ; fault found. — Syn. Exception ; difficulty ; 
doubt; scruple. 

OB-J£€'TION-A-BLE, a. Liable to objections. 

OB-Jk€T'IVE, n. The object-glass in a telescope, 
microscope, &c, being the glass which receives 
the image of the object at its focus. 

OB-J£€T'lVE, a. Pertaining to or contained in 
an object; external to the mind. — Syn. Subject- 
ive. — Objective is applied to things which are ex- 
terior to the mind, and objects of its attention ; 
subjective to the operations of the mind itself. 
Hence, an objective motive is some outward thing 
awakening desire; a subjective, motive is some 
internal feeling or propensity. Objective views 
are those which are governed by outward things; 
subjective views are produced or modified by in- 
ternal feeling. Walter Scott's poetry is chiefly 
objective; that of Wordsworth is eminently sub- 
jective. 

OB-Je€T'iVE-LY, ad. By way of objection; in 
the manner or state of an object. 

OB-JeCT'iVE-NESSJ n. The state of being ob- 

OB-JE€-TiV'I-TY, f jective. 

OB-Je€T'OR, n. One Avho objects or opposes. 

OB-JuR'GaTE, v. t. To chide ; to reprove. 

OB-JUR-Ga'TION, n. Act of chiding ; reproof. 

OB-LaTE', a. Flatted or depressed at the poles. 

OB-LaTE'NESS, n. Quality or state of being ob- 
late^ 

OB-La'TION, n. An offering ; a sacrifice. 

6B'LI-GaTE, v. t. To bind by contract or duty. 

OB-LI-Ga'TION, n. The binding force of a vow, 
promise, contract, law, civility, or duty ; any act 
by which a person becomes bound to do or for- 
1 ear something to or for another; a bond. 

*OB-LI-Ga'TO. See Obbligato. 

6B'LI-GA-TO-RY, a. Binding in law or con- 
science. 

O-BLfGE', v. t. To constrain by necessity, force, 
conscience, or honor, &c. ; to afford gratification ; 
to bring under obligation ; to do a favor to one. 
—Syn. To compel; bind; force; please; gratify. 

OB-LT-gEE', n. One to whom a bond is executed. 

O-BLig'ING, a. Conferring or disposed to confer 
favors. — Syn. Kind; complaisant. — One is kind 
who desires to see others happy ; one is complai- 
sant who endeavors to make them so in social 
intercourse by attentions calculated to please ; 



one who is obliging performs some actual service, 
or has the disposition to do so. We may be kind 
without being obtrusive, obliging without being 
officious, and complaisant without being servile. 

O-BLTg'ING-LY, ad. With civility; complais- 
antly. 

OB-LI-G5R', n. One who binds himself or exe- 
cutes a bond. 

OB-LiQUE' (ob-like' or ob-leek'), a. Deviating 
from a right line ; indirect ; not parallel ; in 
grammar, any case but the nominative is an ob- 
lique case. 

OB-LlQUE'LY (ob-like'ly or ob-leek'ly), ad. Not 
directly. 

OB-LIQUE'NESS (ob-like'ness or ob-leek'ness),\ 

OB-LiQ'UI-TY (ob-llk'we-ty), / 

n. Deviation from a right line or from moral 
rectitude ; irregularity. 

OB-LiT'ER-aTE, v. t. To blot out, efface, or de- 
stroy any thing written or engraved, &c. ; to de- 
stroy or wear out by time, &c. ; to reduce to a 
low and imperceptible state — Syn. To expunge; 
cancel; erase; rub out; efface; destroy. 

OB-LIT-ER-a'TION, n. The act of blotting out ; 
effa cement. 

OB-LIV'I-ON, n. Forgetfulness ; a general par- 
don, [ful. 

OB-LiV'I-OUS, a. Causing forgetfulness; forget- 

oB'LONG, a. Longer than broad; n. a figure or 
solid longer than broad. 

oB'LONG^ISH, a. Somewhat long. 

OB'LONG-LY, ad. In an oblong form. 

OB'LONG-NESS, n. State of being oblong, or of 
being longer than broad. 

oB'LO-QUY, n. Censorious speech; reproachful 
language, or such as casts contempt on men and 
their actions. — Syn. Censure; reviling; slander; 
'detraction; calumny; gainsaying; abuse; con- 
tumely. 

OB-N6X'IOTJS (-nok'shus), a. Primarily, exposed 
or subject to injury, as to censure or punishment ; 
hence, liable to, as obnoxious to justice ; repre- 
hensible, as obnoxious writings; odious, as an 
obnoxious ruler. 

OB-NoX'IOUS-LY (-nok'shus-ly), ad. In a state 
of liability; reprehensibiy ; odiously; offensively. 

OB-NoX'IOUS-NESS, n. Liableness to punish- 
ment; offensiveness. 

o'BO-E, n. A wind instrument sounded through 
a reed ; also written hautboy. 

oB'oLE, n. In pharmacy, the weight of ten grains. 

oB'0-LTJS, n. A. small silver coin in Greece, about 
two cents. 

OB-o'VATE, a. Having the narrow end down- 
ward. 

OB-ReP'TION, n. A creeping on with secrecy. 

OB-REP-TI"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Done or obtain- 
ed by surprise. 

OB-SCeNE', a. Offensive to chastity and delica- 
cy. — Syn. Impure; immodest; indecent; lewd; 
foul; filthy; disgusting. 

OB-SCENE'LY, ad. In a manner to offend purity. 

OB-SCeN'I-TY, n. Impurity in expression, rep- 
resentation, or action. — Syn. Lewdness; ribald- 
ry; impurity; unchastity. 

OB-SCU-Ra'TION, n. Act of darkening ; the 
state of being darkened <6r obscured. 

OB-SCuRE', a. Destitute of light; not easily un- 
derstood ; not much known ; not clear or distinct. 
— Syn. Dark; abstruse; mysterious; unnoticed; 
unknown ; indistinct. 

OB-S€uRE', v. t. To darken; to cloud; to make 
less intelligible, visible, legible, or beautiful; to 
conceal ; to make unknown ; to tarnish. 

OB-S€uRE'LY, ad. In a dark or imperfect man- 
ner. 

OB-S€uRE'NESS,J n. Want of light; privacy; 

OB-SCO'RI-TY, j unintelligibleness; illegible- 
ness; humble state. See Darkness. 

oB'SE-CRaTE, v. t. To beseech ; to entreat. 




OBS 



301 



OBV 



oB'SE-QUIES (ob'se-kwiz), n. pi. Funeral solem- 
nities. 

OB-SE'QUI-OUS (ob-se'kwe-us), a. Literally, to 
follow with great closeness; hence, formerly, 
compliant with great exactness, but now meanly 
or servilely compliant. — Syn. Attentive ; yield- 
ing. — In many cases a man may be attentive or 
yielding in a high degree without any sacrifice 
of his dignity ; but he who is obsequious seeks to 
curry favor by excessive and mean compliances 
for some selfish end. 

OB-SE'QUI-OUS-LY,ad. With prompt obedience ; 
with servile compliance. 

OB-SE'QUI-OUS-NESS, n. Ready obedience; 
mean or excessive compliance. 

OB-*eRY'A-BLE (13), a. That may be observed 
or noticed ; worthy of observation. — Syn. Re- 
markable; visible; noticeable. 

OB-$eRV'A-BLY, ad. So as to be noticed. 

OB-SeRV'ANCE, n. Performance; strict regard 
to; thing to be observed. — Syn. Observation. — 
These words branch out from two distinct senses 
of observe. (1.) To observe means to keep strict- 
ly, as to observe the Sabbath ; and hence observ- 
ance denotes the keeping of a rule or law with 
strictness, as the observance of the Sabbath, &c. 
(2.) To observe means to consider attentively, or 
remark ; and hence observation denotes either the 
act of observing, or some remark made as the re- 
sult thereof. Hence we ought not to say the ob- 
servation of the Sabbath, &c, though the words 
were formerly confounded. 

*OB-$ER-VaN'DA, n. pi. [L.] Things to be ob- 
served. 

OB-SkRV'ANT, a. Taking notice ; attending 
closely to ; adhering or obeying.— Syn. Regard- 
ful ; obedient ; attentive ; mindful ; submis- 
sive. 

OB-SER-Va'TION, n. The act of fixing the mind 
or attention on any thing ; the effect or result of 
such attention ; expression of what is observed 
or thought; view of a heavenly body; angular 
measurement of any space on the celestial sphere. 
See Observance. 

OB-SeRY'A-TO-RY, n. A place or building for 
making observations on the heavenly bodies. 

OB-SeRVE' (-zerv'), v. t. To see or behold with 
attention; to take notice of ; to utter or express; 
to keep religiously ; to adhere to in practice ; to 
comply with. 

OB-$eRVE', v. i. To be attentive. See Remark. 

OB-SeRV'ER, 11. One who takes notice; a behold- 
er ; one who performs, fulfills, or keeps. 

OBSERVING, a. Giving particular attention; 
habitually taking notice. 

OB-$eRV'ING-LY, ad. Attentively; carefully. 

OB-SeS'SION (-sesh'un), n. Act of besieging. 

OB-SiD'I-AN, n. A mineral of a black or dark 
blue color; a variety of volcanic glass. 
■ OB-SID'I-ON-AL, a. Pertaining to a siege. 

OB-SO-LeS'CENCE, n. A passing into disuse. 

OB-SO-LeS'CENT, a. Going out of use. 

oB'SO-LeTE, a. Gone into disuse ; out of date ; 
not very distinct.— Syn. Antiquated ; old-fash- 
ioned ; _old ; obscure. 

oB'SO-LeTE-NESS, n. State of disuse or desue- 
tude ; in natural history, indistinctness. 

oB'STA-GLE, n. That which hinders or exposes. 
— Syn. Hinderance difficulty; impediment; ob- 
struction., which see. 

OB-STeT'RI€, «. Pertaining to midwifery. 

OB-STET-Ri"CIAN (-rish'an), n. One skilled in 
the art or science of midwifery. 

OB-STeT'RI€S, n. pi. The act of assisting women 
in parturition; the science of midwifery. 

oB'STI-NA-CY, n. Unyielding fixedness of opin- 
ion, purpose, &c. ; that which gives way with 
difficulty, as a disease, &c. — Syn. Pertinacity. — 
Pertinacity (from per and teneo) denotes great 
firmness in holding on to a thing, as pertinacity 



of opinion, &c. Obstinacy (from ob and teneo) is 
great firmness in holding out against persuasion, 
attack, &c, as obstinacy of will. The former 
consists in adherence, the latter in resistance. 
Pertinacity is often used in a good sense ; obsti- 
nacy is almost always taken in a bad one ; but 
not so the adjective obstinate, for we speak with 
applause of the obstinate defense of a fortress, &c. 

oB'STI-NATE, a. Pertinaciously adhering to an 
opinion, purpose, &c. ; not easily subdued or re- 
moved. — Syn. Inflexible ; immovable ; firm ; 
headstrong. 

oB'STI-NATE-LY, ad. Stubbornly; inflexibly. 

OB-STI-Pa'TION, n. A stopping up ; costiveness. 

OB-STReP'ER-OUS, n. Making a tumultuous and 
loud noise. — Syn. Noisy ; loud ; clamorous ; vo- 
ciferous. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS-LY, ad. With tumultuous 
noise; clamorously. 

OB-STReP'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Loud clamor ; noisy 
turbulence. 

OB-STRi€'TION (-strik'shun), n. Obligation ; 
agreement. , 

OB-STRu€T\ v. t. To stop up or close, as a way 
or passage ; to hinder by obstacles ; to be in the 
way. — Syn. To bar; retard; check; interrupt; 
impede. 

OB-STRu€T'ER, n. One that obstructs or hin- 
ders. 

OB-STRu€'TION (-striik'shun), n. That which ob- 
structs ; any thing that tends to hinder or stop. — 
Syn. Obstacle. — Obstacle is stronger than obstruc- 
tion ; the latter (from obstruo) serves to impede or 
hinder; the former (from obsto) acts with direct re- 
sistance. We remove obstructions : we surmount 
obstacles. 

OB-STR0€T'iVE, a. Hindering; presenting ob- 
stacles ; causing impediment. 

oB'STRU-ENT, a. Obstructing; hindering. 

OB'STRU-ENT, n. Any thing that obstructs the 
natural passages in the body. 

OB-TaIN', v. t. To get or keep and hold possession 
of a thing ; v. i. to be received in customary or 
common use; to be established in practice. — Syn. 
To acquire : win ; attain ; earn ; procure. 

OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That can be obtained. 

OB-TaIX'MENT, n. Act of obtaining. 

OB-TeST', v. t. To beseech ; to supplicate ; to pro- 
test. 

OB-TES-Ta'TION, n. Supplication; entreaty; sol- 
emn injunction. 

OB-TRuDE' (31), v. t. or v. i. To thrust or force 
upon. — Syn. To intrude. — To intrude is to thrust 
one's self into a place, society, &c, without right, 
or uninvited ; to obtrude is to force one's self, re- 
marks, opinions, &c, upon persons with whom 
he has no such intimacy as to justify such bold- 
ness. 

OB-TRuD'ER, n. One who intrudes. 

OB-TRu'SION (ob-tru'zhun), n. A thrusting in or 
entering without right or invitation. 

OB-TRu'SiVE, a. Tending to intrude on; dis- 
posed to enter uninvited. 

OB-TRu'SiVE-LY, ad. By way of intrusion. 

OB-TuSE', a. Not pointed ; not having acute sen- 
sibility; not sharp or shrill; applied to an angle 
larger than a right angle. — Syn. Dull ; blunt ; 
obscure stupid; insensible. 

OB-TuSE'NESS, n. Want of sharpness or readi- 
ness ; wan^ of quick sensibility; dullness of 
sound. — Syn. Dullness; bluntness; stupidity; 
insensibility ; heaviness. 

Q2-CM'BRaTE, v. t. To shade ; to darken. 

oR-UM-BRa'TION, n. Act of shading. 

OB-VeRSE' (13), a. Having the base narrower 
than the the top. 

oB'VeRSE, 11. The face of a coin opposed to the 
reverse. 

OB-YeRSE'LY, ad. In an obverse form. 

OB-VeRT', v. t. To turn toward. 



dove, wolf, look; kule, cull; vi"cious. — € as k ; <i as j; s as z ; ca as sa ; this. + Sot English. 



OBV 



302 



ODO 



oB'VI-aTE, v. t. To meet in the -way to oppose ; 

to remove, as difficulties or obstructions. 
oB'VI-OUS, a. Easily discovered or understood 

by the eye or intellect. — Syn. Plain; clear; evi- 
dent; open; manifest, which .see. 
oB'VI-OUS-LY, ad. In a clear manner; plainly; 

clearly: evidently. 
OB'VI-OUS-NESS, n. Clearness to the sight or 

mind. 
0€-€a'$ION (-ka'zhun), n. Literally, that which 
falls in our way or presents itself in the course of 
events; a casual exigency ; an accidental cause, 
&c, giving rise to something else. — Syn. Occur- 
rence; incident; opportunity; convenience; ex- 
igency; necessity. See Opportunity. 
0€-€a'$ION (-ka'zhun), v. t. To cause incident- 
ally; to produce; to effect; to influence. 
0€-€a'SION-AL, a. Occurring at times, but not 
regular or systematic; made or happening as op- 
portunity requires or admits, or made on some 
special event. — Syn. Accidental ; incidental ; ir- 
regular. 
0€-€a'SION-AL-LY, ad. Upon occasion ; inci- 
dentally. 
0€-€a'SiVE, a. Falling; descending; western. 
oG'CI-DENT, n. The West ; western quarter of 

the hemisphere. 
OC-CI-DeNT'AL, a. Pertaining to the West ; 

western. 
OC-CiP'IT-AL, a. Pertaining to the back part of 

the head. 
oCCI-PUT, n. The hinder part of the head or 

of the skull. 
0€-€uLT', a. Concealed from the eye or under- 
standing. — Syn. Invisible; secret; hidden; un- 
known ; undiscovered ; undetected. The occult 
sciences are magic, necromancy, &c. 
0€-€UL-Ta'TION, n. Act of concealment ; in 
astronomy, the hiding of a planet from our sight 
by passing behind, or by the intervention of, an- 
other heavenly body. 

OC-CuLT'NESS, n. State of being concealed. 

oC'CU-PAN-C Y, n. Possession ; a seizing ; in law, 
the taking possession of a thing not belonging to 
any person. 

o€'CU-PANT, n. One who takes or holds pos- 
session. 

OC-CU-Pa'TION, n. The act of taking posses- 
sion; a holding, keeping, or using; that which 
engages the attention ; the business which a man 
follows for a living.— Syn. Employment ; engage- 
ment ; office ; trade ; profession, &c. 

oCCU-Pl-ER, n. One who occupies. 

6C'€U-Py, v. t. To take and keep in possession ; 
to hold for use ; to cover ; to fill ; to employ ; to 
use; to busy one's self; to follow, as business. 

oC'CU-Py, v. i. To follow business ; to negotiate. 

OC-CuR', v. i. To meet or come to the mind, 
memory, or eye ; to happen. 

OC-CuR'RENCE, n. Any event that happens in- 
cidentally or without being designed or expected; 
incident ; any single event. 

o'CEAN (o'shun), n. The largest body of water 
on the earth. 

o'CEAN (o'shun), a. Pertaining to the ocean or 
great sea. [ocean. 

O-CE-aN'IC (o-she-an'ik), a. Pertaining to the 

o'CE-LOT, n. A kind of tiger-cat or panther 
found in Mexico and South America. 

o'CHER,) n. A kind of fine clay, of various col- 

o'CHRE, ) ors, used as a pigment. 

o'€HER-OUS,~) 

o'CHER-Y, (a. Like ocher ; consisting oi 

d'€HRE-OUS, f ocher. 

o'CHRY, J 

oCK'RA. See Okra. 

o€'TA-GON,n. A figure of eight sides and angles. 

0€-TAG'ON-AL, a. Containing eight angles. 

OC-TA-HE'DRON, n. A figure of eight equal 
sides. 



0€-TAN G 'GU-LAR (-tang'gu-lar), a. Having eight 
angles. 

oC'TAVE, n. The eighth day after a festival ; in 
music, an eighth or an interval of seven degrees 
or twelve semitones. 

OC-Ta'VO, n. A book of a size next belcw a quar- 
to, much taller than it is broad ; so called because 
it had originally eight leaves to a sheet; a. of a 
size next to a quarto. 

OC-TEN'NI-AL, a. Coming once in eight years; 
lasting eight years. 

OC-TiLL-ION, n. By English notation, a number 
formed by evolving a million to the 8th power, 
and expressed by a unit and 4S ciphers; by the 
French, a unit with 27 ciphers annexed. 

OC-To'BER, n. The tenth month of the year. 

0€-TO-D£C'I-MO, n. A book of a size next but 
one less than a duodecimo ; so called because it 
had originally eighteen leaves to a sheet. 

o€'TO-GE-NA-RY, a. Of eighty years of age. 

0€-TO-SYL-LaB'IC, a. Having eight syllables ; 
n. a word of eight syllables. 

*0€-TROI' (ok-traw'), n. [Fr.] A tax on articles 
brought in, levied at the gates of French cities. 

o€'TU-PLE (ok'tu-pl), a. Eight fold. 

oCu-LAR (ok'yu-lar), a. Known by the eye ; de- 
pending on the eye ; received by actual sight. 

o€'u-LIST, n. One who heals diseases of the eye. 

o'DA-LISQUE, properly o-DaH'LIC, n. The 
name of the female slaves in the harem of the 
Turkish Sultan ; also dancers. 

6DD, a. Uneven in number; not usual ; not not- 
ed; not taken into the common account; of sin- 
gular or improper appearance ; separate from that 
which is regularly occupied ; remaining unem- 
ployed. — Syn. Unmatched; strange; queer; ec- 
centric; unusual; uncommon; droll; comical. 

oDD'-FeL-LoWS, n. pi. The name of a secret 
society for social enjoyment and mutual aid. 

oDD'I-TY, n. Singularity; strangeness; a singu- 
lar person. 

oDD'LY, ad. Unevenly; strangely; uncouthly. 

6DDS, n. sing, and pi. Inequality; excess; advan- 
tage. A t odds, in dispute; at variance. 

ODE, n. A short poem ; a poem for music. 

O-De'ON, n. A kind of theater in Greece in which 
poets and musicians submitted their works to the 
approval of the public. 

o'DI-OUS, a. Deserving hatred ; offensive to the 
senses ; causing hate ; exposed to hatred. — Syn. 
Disgusting ; loathsome ; offensive ; repulsive ; 
unpopular. 

o'DI-OUS-LY, ad. Hatefully ; invidiously. 

o'DI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being hated ; 
hatefulness ; that which excites hatred. 

o'DI-UM, n. Unpopularity mingled with great 
dislike. — Syn. Hatred. — Hatred is a thing we ex- 
ercise ; odium is a thing we endure ; in this sense, 
the former is active and the latter passive. We 
speak of having a hatred for a man, but not of 
having an odium toward him. A tyrant incurs 
the hatred of all good men, and, by his actions, 
brings upon himself the public odium. The odi- 
um of an offense may sometimes fall unjustly 
upon one who is innocent. 

O-DoM'E-TER, n. A contrivance for measuring 
the distance in traveling, attached to the wheel 
of a carriage. 

O-DON-TaL'gI-A,? m 

o'don-tal-gy, l n - 

O-DON-TaL'gIC, a. Pertaining to the tooth- 
ache ; n. a medicine for the tooth-ache. 

O-DON'TOID, n. Something having the form of 
a tooth. 

O-DON-ToL'O-gY, n. The science which treats 

_ of the teeth. 

o'DOR, n. A sweet or offensive smell. — Syn. Per- 
fume; scent; smell; fetor; fragrance; favor. 

O-DOR-iF'ER-OUS.a. Fragrant; sweet-smelling. 

O-DOR-iF'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Sweetness of smell. 



The tooth-ache. 



i, e, &c, long. — I, S, &c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



ODO 



303 



OLE 



o'DOR-LESS, a. Free from scent or odor. 

o'DOR-OUS, a. Sweet of scent: fragrant. 

oD'YS-SEY (od'is-sy), n. An epic poem by Ho- 
mer. 

<E. For this diphthong E is substituted, as for 
(Economics, &c. See Economics, &c. 

o'ER, contraction of Over. 

oF, prep. From; concerning; proceeding from. 

oFF, ad. Noting distance or departure. 

6FF, prep. Not on ; distant from. 

6FF, int. As an exclamation, a command to de- 
part, in contempt or abhorrence. 

oF'FAL, n. Waste meat ; meat; refuse; entrails; 
any thing of no value ; rubbish. 

OF-FkNCE', n. Anger or moderate anger; inju- 
ry; displeasure. See Offense. 

OF-Fi~:NCE'LESS, a. Unoffending; innocent. 

OF-FEND', v. t. To displease ; to disgust ; to dis- 
turb or annoy; cause to stumble or fall; v. i. to 
transgress moral or divine law ; to cause dislike 
or anger ; to be scandalized. 

OF-FfiND'ED, a. Displeased. [or. 

OF-FfiND'ER. n. One who offends; a transgress- 

OF-FfiND'ING, a. Making angry; causing to 
stumble ; committing sin. 

OF-FfiNSE', n. Any transgression of law, divine 
or human ; moderate anger ; cause of stumbling ; 
injury; assault or impediment. — Syn. Sin; scan- 
dal; resentment; trespass; fault; crime; affront. 
It is better to spell the word with s on account of 
the etymology, and because its derivatives are 
in & 

OF-FkN'SiVE, a. Causing displeasure or anger; 
giving pain or unpleasant sensations; making 
the first attack. — Syn. Displeasing; disagreea- 
ble; assailant; n. the part of attacking. 

OF-FkN'SiVE-LY, ad. So as to give offense by 
invasion or first attack. 

OF-FkN'SWE-NESS, n. Cause of disgust; the 
quality that offends or displeases, or that gives 
pain to the senses. 

oF'FER, v. t. To present for acceptance or rejec- 
tion ; to make a proposal to ; to present, as an 
act of worship in prayer or devotion ; to bring up 
to the view of the mind ; to hold out, as a price, 
&c. — Syn. To propound; proffer; tender; pro- 
pose; bid: sacrifice; v. i. to present itself; to be 
at hand; to present verbally; to declare a will- 
ingness. 

oF'FER, n. A proposal; tender; price bid. 

oF'FER.E'D, a. Presented for acceptance or rejec- 
tion in worship or devotion ; bid ; presented to 
the eye or mind. 

oF'FER-ER, n. One who offers or sacrifices. 

6F'FER-ING, n. A sacrifice; oblation; present. 

oF'FER-TO-RY, n. An offering; passages read 
while alms are collected ; an anthem or volunta- 
ry during a part of the mass. [tice. 

oFF'HAXD, ad. Readily; without previous prac- 

5FF HAND, a. Without premeditation. 

oF'FICE, n. Public employment ; formulary of 
devotion ; act of good or ill voluntarily tendered; 
a place for business. — Syn. Business; function; 
duty; charge; benefit; service. 

oF'FI-CER, n. One who holds an office or com- 
mission. 

6F'FI-CER, v. t. To furnish with officers. 

OF-Fi"CIAL (-fish'al), a. Pertaining to or de- 
rived from the proper authority or office ; n. an 
ecclesiastical judge. 

OF-LT'CIAL-LY (-fish'al-ly), ad. By the proper 
officer or authority. • 

OF-Fi"CIaTE (-fish'ate), v. i. To perform the 
duties of an office for one's self or for another. 

OF-FiC'I-NAL, rt. Pertaining to shops. 

OF-Fi"CIOUS (-fish'us), a. Doing kind offices; 
interposing services, especially in affairs in which 
one has no concern. — Syn. Kind ; obliging; busy; 
forward ; active ; intermeddling ; impertinent, 
which see. 



OF-FI"CIOUS-LY (-fish'us-ly), ad. Kindly; in a 
meddling manner. 

OF-FI"CIOUS-NESS, n. Eagerness to serve ; ex- 
cessive forwardness. 

oFF'IN'G, n. The open sea, or the sea at a good 
distance from shore, where there is no need of a 
pilot. 

oFF'SCOUR-ING, n. Refuse or vile matter ; that 
which is rejected or despised. 

oFF'SET, n. A shoot or sprout; a flat surface or 
terrace on a hill-side ; a perpendicular in sur- 
veying; an account set against another : a set-oif. 

oFF'SET, v. t. To set one sum against another, 
or make one's account pay another's. 

oFF'SPRIXG, n. A child or children; descen'- 
ant or descendants: propagation or production of 
any kind. — Syn. Issue ; generation ; progeny ; 
posterity. 

OF-FuS'€aTE. See Obfuscate. 

6 FT, ) 

oFT'UN (of'fn), {ad. Frequently; many times; 

6FT'J?N-TIME$, ( not seldom or rarely. 

6FT'TLMES, ) 

O-gEE', n. In architecture, a molding formed 
like the letter S somewhat expanded. 

o'GLE (o'gl), v. t. To look with side glances with 
fondness, or to attract notice. 

5'GLER, n. One who looks with side glances. 

o'GLING, n. The act of viewing with side or sly 
glances, &c. 



o'GRE, n. raasc. \ An imaginary monster of the 
beings. 



o'GRESS, n. fern. / East who lived on human 



OH, ex. Expressive of surprise, pain, anxiety, or 
desire. 

OIL, n. An unctuous substance, animal or vege- 
table, very inflammable. 

OIL, v. t. To anoint ; to smear or lubricate with 
oil. 

OIL'-BaG, n. A gland in animals containing oil. 

OIL'-CXKE, n. A mass of flaxseed from which 
the oil has been expressed. 

OIL'-CLOTH, n. A cloth oiled for floors. &c. 

OIL'-COL-OR (-kiU'ur), n. A substance ground 
with oil. 

OIL'-GAS, n. An inflammable gas procured from 
oil. 

OIL'I-NESS, n. The quality of being oily, or a 
quality resembling oil; greasiness. 

OIL'-MAN, n. A man who deals in oil. 

OIL'Y, a. Containing oil; consisting of oil ; hav- 
ing the qualities of or like oil. — Syn. Greasy; 
fatty; unctuous; smooth. 

OINT, v. t. To anoint; to smear with oil. 

OINT'MENT, n. Unguent: a soft substance for 
a diseased part. 

o'KRA, n. A plant whose mucilaginous pods are 

_ much used for a nutritious soup, &c. 

OLD, a. Having existed a long time; having been 
made or used a long time; being of long contin- 
uance; long practiced or cultivated; not new or 
fresh ; of any duration whatever ; in vulgar lan- 
guage, cunning; crafty. — Syn. Aged; ancient; 
original; primitive; antique; antiquated; obso- 

_ lete -_ 

OLD AGE, n. Advanced years ; the latter period 

of life. 

OLD BaCH'E-LOR, n. A man somewhat in years 

_ who never has been married. 

oLD'jE'N (ol'dn), a. Old; ancient. 

5LD-FaSH'IONjED (-fash'und), a. According to 

_ old custom. 

oLD'ISH, a. Somewhat old. 

oLD MaID, n. A female somewhat in years who 

_ has never been married. 

oLD'NESS, n. State of being old or of long con- 
tinuance; antiquity; old age. 

O-LE-ag'I-XOUS, a. Oily ; unctuous ; having the 
quality of oil. 

O-LE-ag'I-NOUS-XESS, n. Unctuousness. 



dote, wolf, book; etjle, bull; vi"ciocs. — o asK;(jasjj iasz; cuas sn; this. * Sot English. 



OLE 



304: 



OOL 



O-LE-aN'DER, n. A beautiful evergreen flower- 
ing shrub. 

O-LE-AS'TER, n. A plant ; the wild olive. 

o'LE-Fi-ANT GAS, n. A gas composed of carbon 
and hydrogen, which, mixed with chlorine, forms' 
a compound resembling oil ; hence its name. 

5'LE-IN, n. That portion of fat which retains a 
liquid state. 

O-LE-oM'E-TER, n. An instrument used to as- 
certain the weight and purity of oil. 

OL-FXC'TO-RY, a. Pertaining to smelling ; hav- 
ing the sense of smelling. 

oi/I-BAN NUM 'f n - A gum resin from the East 

OL-I-GaR'CHAL, \ a. Pertaining to oligar- 

OL-I-GaR'GHI-€AL,/ chy. 

oL'I-GaR-CHY, n. Government in the hands of 
a few men ; a kind of aristocracy. 

o'LI-O, 11. A medley ; a miscellany ; a collection 
of various pieces. 

OL-I-Va'CEOUS, a. Of the color of olive. 

oL'IVE, n. A plant or tree yielding oil ; emblem 
of peace ; a. relating to the olive ; made of or like 
the olive ; of the color of the olive. 

oL'IVE-B RANCH, n. A branch of the olive-tree ; 
the emblem ofpeace. 

*oL'LA PO-DRi'DA, n. A Spanish dish, consist- 
ing of various meats hashed with vegetables. 

O-LYM'PI-AD, n. The period of four years in 
Grecian history. 

0-LYM'PI-AN,( a. Pertaining to Olympia and 

O-EF M'PIC, j the games there celebrated. 

6M'BER,J n. A game at cards, usually played by 

oM'BRE,] three persons. 

O-Mk'GA, it. The last Greek letter, as Alpha is 
the first; hence, Alpha and Omega, the first and 
the last, the beginning and the end. 

oM'E-LET, n. A pancake or fritter of eggs, &c. 

o'MEN, n. A sign, good or bad, of some future 
event. 

5'MENJ?D (5'mend), a. Containing an omen or 
prognostic. 

O-MeN'TUM, n. In anatomy, the caul; mem- 
brane spread over the entrails. 

o'MER, n. A Hebrew measure. 

oMT-NOUS, a. Foreboding ill ; foreshowing signs 
of good. 

(3M'I-NOUS-LY, ad. With good or bad omens. 

6M'I-NOUS-NESS, n. Quality of being ominous. 

O-MiS'SION (-mish'un), n. A neglect or failure to 
do something that could be done or ought to be 
done ; a leaving out ; forbearance. 

O-MiS'SIVE, a. Leaving out. 

O-MiT', v. t. To leave, pass by, or neglect; to 
fail or forbear to do or use ; to leave out or not 
mention. 

oM'NI-BUS, it. A large covered carriage for con- 
veying passengers. 

OM-NI-Fa'RI-OUS, a. Consisting of all forms or 
kinds. 

OM-NiF'I€, a. All-creating. 

OM'NI-FORM, a. Having all forms or shapes. 

OM-Nig'E-NOUS, a. Consisting of all kinus. 

OM-NI-PAR'I-TY, n. General equality. 

OM-NI-PER-CiP'I-ENCE, n. Perception of every 
thing. [thing. 

OM-NI-PER-CiP'I-ENT, a. Perceiving every 

OM-NIP'O-TENCE, \ n. Almighty power; un- 

OM-NiP'0-TEN-CY,j limited power over par- 
ticular things : infinite power. 

OM-NiP'O-TENT, a. Having almighty power. 

OM-NiP'O-TENT, n. One of the appellations of 
the Godhead. 

OM-NiP'O-TENT-LY, ad. With almighty power. 

OM-NI-PR£S'ENCE, n. Presence in every place 
at the same time. [all times. 

OM-NI-PEeS'ENT, a. Present in every place at 

OM-NiS'CIENCE, In. A knowledge of every 

OM-NiS'CIEN-CY,f thing; the quality of 
knowing all things at once. 



OM-NiS'CIENT (-nish'ent), a. Having infinite 
knowledge. — Syn. All-knowing; all-discerning; 
all-searching; all-seeing; all-beholding. 

oM'NI-UM, n. Aggregate of the public stocks; all 
the particulars in the contract between govern- 
ment and the public for a loan. Omnium gath- 
erum is a cant term for a miscellaneous collec- 
tion of persons or things. 

OM-NiV'O-ROUS, a. All-devouring. 

OM-PHAL'I€, a. Pertaining to the navel. 

5N, prep. The radical idea is that of contiguity or 
closeness, e. g., in space, as en the table ; in time, 
as on that day ; by dependence, as on that ground ; 
by addition, as heaps on heaps. — Syn. In. — To tail 
ill a boat was the only expression ever heard till 
of late, when "on a boat" began to be used, be- 
cause we are apt to remain on the deck of a steam- 
boat in passing up and down our rivers, bays, &c. 
Some now extend the phrase to sea-voyages, as, 
" He came on the boat from Panama," " he was 
on the Arctic when she was lost," &c, though 
no one applies it to the case of sailing vessels. 
The change is in every case unfortunate, as tend- 
ing to produce incongruity and confusion. When 
Ave travel by means of a ship or vessel (however 
propelled), we are in it, and the old expression is 
the most natural and appropriate. 

oN, ad. Toward; onward; in continuance; in 
succession; adhering; not off ; attached to. 

ON, inter. A word of incitement or encourage- 
ment, elliptically for go on. 

o'NAN-ISM, n. The crime of self-pollution. 

ONCE (wunce), ad. One time; at one time; for- 
merly ; at the same time ; used as a substantive, 
preceded by this or that. 

ONCE (onse), n. A kind of wild cat of a whitish- 
gray color. [mor. 

+ON Dl'T (on de). LFV.] They say; a flying ru- 

ONE (wun), a. Single in number; individual; 
different; diverse; one of two ; single by union, 
or one of a kind. 

ONE'-EvI?D (wun'-ide), a. Having one eye only. 

O-NEi-RO-CRiT'IC, \ a. Pertaining to the in- 

0-NEl-RO-€RlT'I-C-AL,f terpretation of dreams. 

O-NEi'RO-MAN-CY, n. Divination by dreams. 

ONE'NESS (wun'ness), n. Unity; singleness in 
number ; quality of being one. 

6N'ER-A-RY, a. Comprising a burden; fitted or 
intended for carriage of burdens. 

6N'ER-aTE, v. t. To load ; to burden. 

6N'ER-OUS, a. Burdensome; oppressive. 

ON'ION (un'yun), n. A well-known plant and ita 
bulbous root. 

ON'LY, ad. Singly; merely; without more. 

oN'LY, a. Single; this and no other; this and 
above all others; ad. in one manner and for one 
purpose ; this and no otherwise. — Syn. Merely ; 
singly; barely. 

ON-0-MAS'TI-€ON, n. [Gr.] A dictionary; a 
commonplace book. 

*ON-O-MA-TO-P0E'I-A, n. [Gr.] Accordance of 
the sound of a word with the thing signified. 

oN'SET, n. A rushing or violent setting upon ; 
the sudden assault of an army on an enemy. — 
Syn. Charge; onslaught; encounter; storming; 
attack ; assault. 

ON'SLAUGHT (on'slawt), n. An attack ; an on- 
set. 

ON-TO-Log'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to the science 
of being in general. 

ON-T6L'0-GY, n. That part of metaphysics which 
investigates and explains the nature and essence 
of all things. 

+o'NUS, n. [£.] The burden. 

5 N' WARD, ad. Forward; progressively; a. ad- 

_ vancing ; improving. 

o'NYX, n. A semi-pellucid gem with zones; an 
agate. 

o'O-LiTE, n. A calcareous stone made up of 
round grains of the roe of a fish. 



i, e, &c, 



-A, E, &C, Short. — CAEE, FAR, LAST, FALL, WHAT? TUEEE, TEEM; MAEINE, BiED ; MOVE, 



OOL 



305 



OPP 



O-0-LiT'I€, a. Pertaining to, composed of, or re- 
sembling oolite. 

OOZE, % Soft mud ; slime ; liquor from a tan-vat. 

OOZE, v. i. To flow gently; to issue slowly, as 
liquid through pores or small openings. 

OOZ'V, a. Slimy; muddy; moist. 

O-PaC'I-TY, n. Opaqueness; want of transparen- 
cy ; darkness. 

0-Pa'€OUS, a. Impervious to rays of light; 
dark. 

O'PAL, n. A silicious stone of changeable colors. 

O-PAL-eS'CENCE, n. A shining from the inte- 
rior of a mineral. 

O-PAL-KS'CENT, a. Like opal, reflecting luster 

_ from the interior. 

o'PAL-iNE, a. Pertaining to or like opal. 

O-PaQUE' (o-piike'), \_ a. Impervious to light ; 

O-P.vKE', f not transparent. 

O-PaQ UE'NESS (-pake'-), n. Defect Of transparen- 
cy; the quality of being impervious to light; 
cloudiness. 

oPE, v. t. To open. [Used in poetry.] 

o'PEX (o'pn), v. t. To divide; to unclose; to un- 
bar, or remove any fastening; to unfold ; to make 
plain ; to break the seal of a letter; to begin; to 
clear or remove obstructions ; to interpret ; to 
spread or expand; to reveal; v. i. to unclose it- 
self; to begin to appear; to be parted; to bark 
on view or in scent of game, as a dog. 

5'Pi?N (O'pn), a. Not shut, closed, or fast; not 
covered, fenced, or obstructed; not secret, con- 
cealed, or disguised ; not clouded or frosty ; free 
to be employed ; not protected; clear of ice; ex- 
posed to view. — Syn. Unclosed ; uncovered ; bare; 
plain ; frank ; candid ; sincere ; artless. 

o'Pis'N-ER (o'pn-er), n. One that opens; an in- 
terpreter. 

o'PES-EyED (o'pn-ide), a. Watchful ; diligent. 

o'P/i'N-HAND-ED, a. Generous; liberal; free. 

o'PjBN t -HEaRT-ED (o'pn-hiirt-ed), a. Honest; 
candid ; generous. 

5'Pi?N-ING-, n. A breach or aperture; a place 
admitting entrance; dawn ; first appearance ; be- 
ginning of exhibition or discovery ; a. first in or- 
der, [plainly. 

o'P^N-LY (o'pn-ly), ad. Publicly; evidently; 

oP'E-RA, n. ; pi. op'e-eas. A dramatic composi- 
tion set to music, and sung on the stage. 

5P'E-EA-GLASS, n. A small perspective glass 
used at theatres, operas, &c. 

oP'ER-ANT, ru* One who operates. 

5P'ER-aTE, v. i. To exert power; to produce ef- 
fect on the mind ; to exert moral power or influ- 
ence ; to have an agency ; to perform some act on 
the human body, as in surgery. — Syn. To act; 
work; perform; move. 

OP-ER-AT'I€, a. Pertaining to the opera. 

OP-ER-a'TION, n. Act or process of operating; 
exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or mor- 
al ; movements of machinery or of any physical 
body ; action of the hand or with instruments in 
surgery. — Syn. Agency ; work ; process ; effort ; 
action. 

SP'ER-A-TIVE, a. Acting ; having power to act ; 
producing the effect; n. a laborer; workman. 

5P'ER-a-TOR, n. One who operates or produces 
an effect. 

0-PeR'€ U-LUM, n. A lid or cover, as in the pitch- 
er plants; the plate which closes the orifice of a 
shell, &c. ; the apparatus, supported by bones, 
which protects the gills of fishes. 

oP'ER-oSE, a. Laborious ; troublesome ; tedious. 

oPH'I-CLEiDE (of'e-klide), n. A large brass 
wind-instrument. 

O-PHiD'I-AN, a. Relating to serpents. 

0-PHI-0-Log'I€-AL, a. Belonging to ophiology. 

O-PHI-oL'O-GlST, n. One versed in the natural 
history of serpents. 

0-PHI-6L'0-gY, n. History and description of 
serpents. 



o'PHI-O-M AN-C Y, n. The art of predicting events 
by serpents. 

OPH-THAL'MI€, a. Relating to the eye. 

6PH'THAL-MY (of'thal-iny), n. A disease of the 
eyes. 

o'PI-ATE, n. A medicine that contains opium 
and induces sleep ; that which induces inaction ; 
that which quiets uneasiness. 

o'PI-ATE, a. Causing sleep causing rest or in- 
action. — Syn. Soporific; narcotic; somniferous; 

_ soporiferous; lulling; somnific; quieting. 

o'PI-a-TED, a. Mixed with opiates; under the 
influence of opiates. 

O-PINE', v. i. To think. Whs.] 

O-PlN'IA-TIVE, a. Stiff in adherence to opin- 
ions; not proved. 

O-PIN'ION (o-pin'yun), n. The judgment formed 
by the mind of any proposition, statement, &c, 
or of persons, qualities, &c. ; settled judgment or 
belief. — Syn. Notion ; view ; persuasion ; idea ; 
view ; estimate. 

0-PlN'ION-A-T£D, a. Firm in adherence to opin- 
ion. — Syn. Opinionative ; conceited ; stubborn ; 
obstinate ; egotistical. 

O-PiN'ION-A-TlVE-LY, ad. Obstinately. 

O-PiN'ION-A-TiVE-NESS, n. Undue stiffness of 
opinion. 

O-PiN'ION^D (o-pin'yund), a. Attached to cer- 
tain opinions. [tions. 

O-PiN'ION-IST, n. One very fond of his own no- 

o'PI-UM, n. The inspissated juice of the capsules 
of the white or somniferous poppy. 

0-PO-DeL'DO€, n. A liniment made by dissolv- 
ing soap in alcohol, adding camphor and volatile 
oils ; the name of a plaster. 

O-PoS'SUM, n. [Often pronounced pos'sum.] A 
quadruped having a pouch or bag for carrying 
its young after birth. To play p>ossum is to feign 
one's self dead. 

oP'PI-DAN, n. An inhabitant of a town ; an ap- 
pellation given to the students of Eton school, in 
England, who board in the town. 

6P'PI-LaTE, v. t. To crowd ; to stuff; to obstruct. 

OP-PI-LA'TION, n. Act of filling ; obstruction. 

6P'PI_-LA-TiVE, a. Tending to obstruct. 

OP-Po'NENT, a. That opposes. — Syn. Adverse ; 
opposing; opposite; contrary; contradictory. 

OP-Po'NENT, n. One who opposes ; particularly 
one that opposes in controversy or argument. — 
Syn. Disputant ; antagonist ; opposer ; adversary, 
which see. 

OP-POR-TuNE', a. Present at a proper time. — 
Syn. Timely; seasonable; convenient; fit; well- 
timed; proper. 

OP-POR-TuNE'LY, ad. Seasonably; in good time. 

OP-POR-TuNE'NESS, n. Seasonable time. 

OP-POR-Tu'NI-TY, n. Convenient time or means. 
— Syn. Occasion. — An occasion (from ob and ca- 
dere) is that which falls in our way, or presents 
itself in the course of events; an opportunity 
(from ob and partus) is a convenience or fitness 
of time, place, &c, for the doing of a thing. 
Hence, opportunities often spring out of occa- 
sions. We may have occasion to meet a person 
frequently without getting an opportunity to con- 
verse with him (as we desire) on a given subject. 

OP-Po$E', v. t. To act against • to put in opposi- 
tion with a view to counterbalance, hinder, de- 
feat, destroy, or prevent effect ; to resist by phys- 
ical means, arguments, &c. ; to resist effectually ; 
to place in front, &c. ; v. i. to act adversely. — 
Syn. To combat ; withstand ; contravene ; ob- 
struct; thwart. 

OP-Po$'ER, n. One who opposes, acts in opposi- 
tion, or resists, either by physical force or prin- 
ciple, controversy or argument, &c. ; enemy ; 
foe \_ antagonist ; adversary. 

OP-Po$'ING, a. Acting against. 

0P'PO-$ITE, a. Contrary in position; adverse; 
n. that which is the contrary. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — o as k ; oasj; a as z ; ch as 8H ; this. * Ao£ English. 



OPP 



306 



OEC 



oP'PO-SITE-LY, ad. Adversely; against each 
other ; in front. 

oP'PO-STTE-NESS, n. State of being opposite. 

OP-PO-$l"TION (-zish'un), n. The act of oppos- 
ing ; situation so as to front something else ; that 
■which opposes ; contrariety of interests ; contra- 
riety of meaning; the collective body of oppos- 
ers ; the situation of two heavenly bodies ISO de- 
grees apart. — Syn. Hostility; obstacle; repug- 
nance ; contradiction ; inconsistency, &c. 

OP-PO-Si"TION-IST (-zish'un-), n. One in an 
opposite party. 

OP-PoS'I-TiVE, a. That may be opposed. 

OP-PRLSS',v. t. To sit or lie heavy upon ; to bur- 
den with imposition ; to crush by hardship or se- 
verity, &c. ; to overpower ; to overburden. 

OP-PRfiS'SION (-presh'un), n. Act of oppressing ; 
state of being oppressed ; dullness of spirits ; las- 
situde of body ; a sense of heaviness or weight, 
&c. — Syn. Hardship ; cruelty; severity; misery; 
calamity; depression; burden. 

OP-PRkSS'IVE, a. Unreasonably burdensome ; 
injuriously bearing down upon, or so affecting 
the interests and welfare of another; requiring 
what is not just ; weighing down ; causing a 
sense of sinking or failing, &c. — Syn. Cruel ; se- 
vere; unjust; tyrannical; heavy; overpowering. 

OP-PReSS'IVE-LY, ad. With excessive weight 
or severity. [pressive. 

OP-PReSS'iVE-NESS, n. Quality of being op- 

OP-PReSS'OR, n. One who oppresses ; a tyrant. 

OP-PRo'BRI-OUS, a. Expressing or causing re- 
proach and disgrace ; blasted with infamy ; ren- 
dered hateful. — Syn. Abusive; offensive; insult- 
ing; contemptuous; reproachful. 

OP-PRo'BRI-OUS-LY, ad. Reproachfully. 

OP-PRo'BRI-OUS-NESS, n. Reproachfulness, 
mingled with contempt; scurrility. 

OP-PRo'BRI-UM, n. Reproach with contempt or 
disdain. — Syn. Disgrace; ignominy; infamy; 
scurrility. 

OP-PuGN' (op-pun e'), v. t. Literally, to fight ; 
hence, to make an attack ; to offer opposition or 
resistance. 

OP-PuG'NAN-CY, n. The act or state of attack- 
ing or resisting. 

OP-PuG'NANT, a, Resisting; repugnant. 

OP-PuGN'ER (op-pfin'er), n. One that opposes. 

6P'TA-TiVE, a. Expressive of desire ; in gram- 
mar, the optative mood is that part of the verb 
in which desire is expressed. 

oP'TIG, ) a. Pertaining to vision ; relating to 

oP'TI€-AL, j the science of optics. 

OP-Ti"CIAN (-tish'an), n. One who deals in opti- 
cal instruments; a person skilled in optics. 

dP'TICS, n. pi. The science of the laws of vision. 

6P'TI-MA-CY, n. The body of nobles ; nobility. 

*OP-TI-Ma'TkS, n. pi. lL.-\ The Roman nobili- 
ty ; hence, a nobility in general. 

oP'TI-MISM, n. The doctrine that every thing is 
for the best, or that the order of things in the 
universe is adapted to produce the most good. 

oP'TI-MIST, n. One who holds the opinion that 
all events are ordered for the best. 

oP'TION (op'shun), n. The power or right to take 
or refuse. — Syn. Choice. — We speak of option in 
respect to freedom or opportunity of choosing, 
while choice is an act of the will itself. We 
leave a thing to a man's option, and he makes 
his choice. 

oP'TION-AL, a. Left to choice or election ; de- 
pending on choice. 

oP'u-LENCE, n. The state of having great pos- 
sessions. — Syn. Affluence ; abundance ; wealth ; 
riches. 

oP'u-LENT (op'yu-lent), a. Possessing great 
wealth or riches. — Syn. Wealthy; rich; affluent; 
abundant. 

OR, n. In heraldry, gold ; expressed in engraving 
by dots. 



5R, a termination of Latin nouns, like er, signifies 

^ a person or agent, as in oppressor, factor. 

OR, con. A connective that makes an alternative, 
as, you may read in the Bible or Testament ; or 
is a contraction of other ; in poetry it is some- 
times used for either. 

5R'A-€LE, n. A pagan deity or his declaration, 
as the Delphic oracle ; the place where the an- 
swers were given ; an opinion deemed infallible ; 
a wise man. 

6R'A-€LE, v. i. To utter oracles. 

0-Ra€'u-LAR, \ a. Uttering oracles ; authorita- 

0-RAC'u-LOUS,j tive; ambiguous. 

O-RaC'u-LAR-LY, \ ad. So as to resemble, or 

O-RaC'u-LOUS-LY, / as if pretending to the 
authority of an oracle. 

O-RaC'u-LOUS-NESS, n. State of being oracu- 
lous. 

oR'AI-SON (or'e-zon), n. A prayer. See Qeison. 

o'RAL, a. Delivered by the mouth. 

o'RAL-LY, ad. By mouth without writing. 

oR'ANgE, n. The name of a tree and of its yellow 
and agreeable pulpy fruit. 

OR-ANgE-aDE',?i. A drink made of orange-juice, 
corresponding to lemonade. 

+6R'AN-GEAT(or'an-zhat),'H, LFr.] Orange-peel 
covered with candy ; orangeade. 

oR'AN-gER-Y, n. A plantation of orange-trees. 

O-RaNG'-OU-TaNG', n. The great ape, having a 
resemblance to man. 

O-Ra'TION, n. A rhetorical speech, now applied 
chiefly to discourses on special occasions and to 
academic declamations. — Syn. Address ; speech ; 
harangue; discourse; declamation. 

oR'A-TOR, n. An eloquent speaker; a public ad- 
vocate; a petitioner; in modern usage, one who 
pronounces a discourse publicly on some special 
occasion. 

OR-A-To'RI-AL, > a. Pertaining to an orator or 

OR-A-ToR'IC-AL,j oratory.— Syn. Rhetorical; 
eloquent; flowery; florid. 

OR-A-ToR'IC-AL-LY,) ad. After the manner of, 

OR-A-To'RI-AL-LY, / or belonging to an ora- 
tor; floridly. 

OR-A-To'RI-O, n. ; pi. Ok-a-to 'ei-os. A sacred 
drama set to music; a chapel; a place of wor- 
ship. 

oR'A-TO-RY, n. The art of public speaking with 
correctness and elegance ; exercise of eloquence ; 
a place for prayer. — Syn. Eloquence ; rhetoric ; 
elocution. 

5RB, n. A sphere ; a round body. See Globe. 

6RB, v. t. To form into a circle. 

oR'BATE, a. Bereaved; fatherless; childless. 

oRBi'D (orbd),a. Formed into a circle or round 
shape; rounded or covered on the outer side or 
edge. — Syn. Round; circular; orbicular; spheri- 
cal; globular. 

OR-BiC'u-LAR, a. In the form of an orb. — Syn. 
Spherical ; circular ; round ; orbed ; globular. 

OR-BiC'u-LAR-LY, ad. With a spherical form. 

OR-BiC'u-LATE, a. Round like an orb. 

OR-BIC-u-La'TION, n. State of being an orb. 

oRB'IT, n. The path of a planet or comet round 
its center; cavity in which the eye is situated. 

6RBTT-AL, a. Pertaining to the orbit. 

oRB'Y, a. Resembling an orb. 

6R€, n. A species of whale. 

OR'CHARD, n. An inclosure for fruit-trees or an 
assemblage of fruit-trees. 

OR'CHARD-ING, n. The cultivation of orchards ; 
orchards in general. 

oR'CHARD-IST, n. A cultivator of orchards. 

oR'CHES-TRA (or'kes-tra), n. The part of a the- 
ater for the musicians ; the body of performers. 

oR'CHES-TRAL (or'kes-), a. Pertaining to an 
orchestra. 

OR-CHI-Da'CEOUS,\ a. Pertaining to the or- 

OR-€HiD'E-OUS, / chis. 

OR'CHIS (or'kis), n. A genus of plants which 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, fas, last, fall, what; there, teem; mae'ine, bied ; move, 



ORD 



307 



ORI 



have fragrant and beautiful flowers of singular 
form. 
OR-DaIN', v. t. To appoint ; to settle ; to estab- 
lish ; to decree ; to invest with a ministerial 
function. 
OR-DaIN'ER, n. One who ordains. 
OR-DaIN'ING, a. Appointing; establishing; in- 
vesting with sacerdotal powers. 
oR'DE-AL, n. Trial of guilt by fire or water; a 

severe trial ; close scrutiny. 
oR'DER, n. Regular disposition or methodical 
arrangement of things; proper state or condi- 
tion; established mode of proceeding; settled 
mode of operation ; authoritative direction ; reg- 
ular government or discipline ; a religious frater- 
nity ; division of men, as knighthood, or of ra- 
tional objects ; placing words, &c, so as best to se- 
cure beauty or clearness of expression, &c. ; a 
system of arrangement of parts proportionate in 
architecture. — Syn. Regularity ; precept ; in- 
junction; command; regulation; rank; class; 
measures; care. 

oR'DER, v. t. To methodize or systematize; to 
subject to rules, &c. ; to dispose of in a particular 
manner; v. i. to give direction or command, &c. 
— Stx. To regulate; adjust; lead; conduct; di- 
rect; bid; command; enjoin; manage; treat, &c. 

oR'DER-ING, n. Disposition; distribution ; man- 
agement, [ly. 

6R'DER-LESS, a. Irregular in manner ; disorder- 

OR'DER-LI-NESS, n. Regularity; state of being 
orderly ; state of being methodical. 

dR'DER-LY, a. Observant of method or order; 
well regulated; performed in good order; ac- 
cording to established method; not unruly; be- 
ing on duty. — Sy>\ Systematic ; regular ; me- 
thodical ; peaceable; ad. according to rule; n. a 
military officer of low rank, as an orderly ser- 
geant. 

dR'DERS, n. pi. In orders, set apart to the min- 
istry in the Roman Catholic or Episcopal Church. 

6R'DI-NAL, a. Noting the order of number; a 
number noting order; n. a book of rites; a rit- 
ual. 

OR'DI-NANCE, n. Rule established by authority ; 
observance commanded; established rite. — Sy>\ 
Law ; decree ; statute ; regulation ; command ; 
precept; order. 

6R'DI-NA-RI-LY, ad. According to regular rules 
or established method. — Sy>\ Generally ; cus- 
tomarily; habitually; usually; commonly. 

oR'DI-NA-RY, a. According to established order; 
moderate in respect to excellence, beauty, &c. ; 
inferior. — Syn. Common. — A thing is common in 
which many persons share or partake, as a com- 
mon practice ; a thing is ordinary when it is apt 
to come round in the orderly or regular succes- 
sion of events, as the ordinary course. "When 
used in the sense of inferior, ordinary marks a 
want of that which distinguishes, as an ordinary 
face ; common denotes the want of that which at- 
tracts or interests. 

oR'DI-NA-RY, n. An ecclesiastical judge; the 
chaplain of Newgate; a public eating-house; a 
place where ships are laid up. 

oR'Dl-NATE, n. One of the lines which, drawn 
perpendicular to the axis of the curve, meet the 
curve in a number of points. 

oRDI-NATE, a. Regular; methodical. 

6R'DI-NATE-LY, ad. In a methodical manner. 

OR-DI-Na'TION, n. Act of ordaining ; act of con- 
ferring ministerial office ; established order or 
tendency. 

oR'DI-NA-TiVE, a. Giving order; directing. 

oRD'NANCE, n. General name for great guns of 
all sorts ; artillery ; cannon ; mortars. 

6R'DON-NANCE, n. In the arts, the disposition 
of the parts of a picture, &c. ; also in architecture 
and in works of elegant literature, either in re- 
gard to the whole piece or to the several parts. 



oRD'uRE (ord'yur), n. Excrementitious matter ; 

_ dnng. 

oRE, n, The native compound from which a 

_ metal is extracted. 

o'RE-AD, n. A mountain nymph. 

oR'GAN, n. An instrument of action or motion ; 
a means toward any end ; a wind instrument of 
music. 

oR'GAN-BUiLD'ER, n. One who constructs or- 
gans. 

OR-GAN'I€, \ a. Pertaining to or consisting 

OR-GaN'IC-AL, j of organs ; produced by the or- 
gans; instrumental; acting as instruments of na- 
ture or art to a certain end. Organic bodies are 
such as possess organs, on the action of which 
depend their growth and perfection. Organic 
laws are those which are fundamental to the con- 
stitution or elementary. Organic remains, those 
of animals or vegetables petrified or imbedded in 
stone. 

oR'GAN-I$M, n. Organical structure. 

OR'GAN-IST, n. One who plays on an organ. 

OR-GAN-I-Za'TIOX, n. Act of organizing or 
systematizing the parts of a thing ; structure ; act 
of distributing into suitable parts and appointing 
proper officers, as of an army, &c. ; disposition of 
parts so as to act together in a compound body ; 
the condition of an organized body ; the assem- 
blage of parts of which it is constituted, or of the 
laws which regulate its actions. 

oR'GAN-lZE, v. t. To form with organs ; to con- 
struct so that one part may co-operate with an- 
other and the whole ; to form in regular struct- 
ure; to distribute into parts and appoint proper 
officers, &c. 

oR'GAX-iZ.E , D,*a. Formed with organs so form- 
ed that all parts act together. 

6R'GAN-L6ET, n. The loft where an organ 
stands. 

OE-GAN-oG'EA-PHY, n. Description of the or- 
gans of plants or of their names. 

OR-GAN-oL'O-GY, n. That branch of physiology 
which treats of the different organs of animals, 
and especially of man. 

oR'GAN-ZINE, n. Thrown silk; silk so twisted 
like a rope with strands as to make it stronger. 

6R'GA$M, n. Immoderate excitement or action. 

dR'GEAT (or'zhat), n. [Fr.] A liquor extracted 
from barley and sweet almonds. 

oR'gIES (or'jiz), n. pi. Frantic revels of baccha- 

_ nalians ; hence drunken revelry, chiefly at night. 

o'RI-EL, \ n. In Gothic architecture, a bay win- 

o'RI-OL.j dow; a recess. 

o'RI-ENT, a. Rising, as the sun; Oriental; east- 

_ ern ; glittering ; bright ; shining. 

o'RI-ENT, n. The east; place of the rising sun. 

O-RI-eNT'AL, a. Eastern; in or from the East; 
n. an inhabitant of some eastern part of the 
world ; an Asiatic. 

0-RI-£NT'AL-ISM, n. An idiom of the Eastern 
languages. 

O-RI-eNT'AL-IST, n. An inhabitant of the East, 
or one versed in Oriental languages and learning. 

oR'I-FiCE (or'e-fis), n. An opening; perforation ; 
mouth, as of a tube, pipe. &c. 

oR'I-FLAMME, n. [.FY.] The ancient royal stand- 
ard of France. 

5RT-GAN, \ n. [L.] Marjoram ; a genus of 

0-RlG'A-NUM,( plants. 

oR'I-GlN, n. The beginning of a thing.; that from 
which any thing primarily arises. — Syn. Source. 
— Origin (from orior) denotes the rise or com- 
mencement of a thing; source presents itself un- 
der the image of a fountain flowing forth in a 
continuous stream of influences. The origin of 
moral evil has been much disputed, but no one 
can doubt that it is the source of most of the ca- 
lamities of our race. 

O-Rig'I-NAL, a. Preceding all others ; having the 
power to originate new thoughts or combinations 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vi"cious. — € as k; g as j; s as z; ch as sn; this. * Hot English. 



ORI 



OSS 



of thought; as applied to sin, transmitted or de- 
rived from the first parent to the race. — Syn. 
First; primitive; pristine; inventive; peculiar. 
O-Rig'I-NAL, n. A source ; first copy ; that from 
which any thing is transcribed or translated ; a 
person of odd or peculiar character or habits. 
O-RIg-I-NaL'I-T Y, n. Quality of being original ; 
the power of originating new thoughts or combi- 
nations of thought ; genius. 
O-Rig'I-NAL-LY, ad. At first ; primarily. 
O-Rig'I-NaTE, v. t. To cause to be; to produce 
what is new. — Syn. To cause ; produce ; gener- 
ate ; create ; invent ; v. i. to take rise ; to begin. 

O-Rig'I-Na-TIXG, a. Causing; bringing to ex- 
istence. 

O-RIg-I-Na'TION, n. A bringing or coming into 
existence; mode of production or bringing into 
being. 

O-Rig'I-Na-TOR, n. One who originates. 

o'RI-oLE, n. The name of several species of 
birds. 

O-Ri'ON, n. A southern constellation containing 
seventy-eight stars. 

5R'I-$ON (or'e-zon), n. A prayer ; supplication. 

oR'LOP, n. The lowest deck of a ship below wa- 
ter, in which are stowed sails, cables, &c. 

+OR-MO-Lu', n. [i<V.] Brass which is made to 
assume the appearance of gold. 

6R'NA-MENT, n. That which embellishes or 
makes more beautiful to the eye. — Syn. Decora- 
tion ; embellishment ; sculpture ; adornment. 

DR'NA-MENT, v. t. To make beautiful or fur- 
nish with embellishments. — Syn. To embellish ; 
deck; bedeck; decorate; beautify; adorn, which 
see. 

OR-XA-MeXT'AL, a. Tending to adorn ; grace- 
ful. 

OR-NA-MeNT'AL-LY, ad. So as to adorn. 

OR-NA-MEN-Ta'TION, n. The act or art of or- 
namenting. 

6R'NA-MENT-ED, a. Decorated; embellished; 
beautified. 

OR'NATE, a. Adorned ; decorated ; beautiful. 

oR'NATE-LY, ad. With decoration. 

oR'NATE-N'ESS, n. State of being adorned. 

OR-NITH-iCH'NiTE, n. In geology, a name 
given to the footmarks of birds in different stra- 
ta of stone. 

OR-NiTH'O-LlTE, n. A petrified bird, or stone 
of various colors bearing the figures of birds. 

OR-NI-THO-L6g'I€-AL, a. Belonging or per- 
taining to ornithology. 

OR-NI-THoL'O-GlST, n. One skilled in the sci- 
ence of fowls; one who describes birds. 

OR-NI-THoL'O-GY, n. A description of birds, 
their form, structure, habits, and uses. 

OR-NI-THO-RHYN€H'US, n. A singular aquatic 
quadruped of New Holland, duck-billed and with 
webbed paws. 

0-RO-L6g'I€-AL, a. Belonging to orology. 

O-RoL'O-GlST, n. A describer of mountains. 

o'RO-TUND, n. A mode of intonation directly 
from the larynx, which gives fullness, clearness, 

" and strength, the highest perfection of voice. 

oR'PHAN, n. A child bereaved of father or 
mother- or both. 

oR'PH ASS, a. Bereaved of parents. 

oR'PHAN-mE } n - The state of an or P han - 

oR'PHAN^D (or'fand), a. Bereft of parents or 
friends. 

oR'PHE-AN,\ a. Pertaining to Orpheus, the poet 

oR'PHIC, / and musician. 

oR'PHE-US, n. In mythology, a. hard who played 
so skillfully as to move inanimate things. 

OR'PI-MENT, n. The yellow sulphuret of arsen- 
ic, used as a color in painting. 

oR'RE-RY, n. An astronomical instrument to 
show the revolutions of the planets. 

OR'RIS, n. A species of iris with a fragrant root. 



oRT, n. A fragment; refuse. 
OR'THO-DOX, a. Sound and correct in doctrine 
or belief; believing the genuine doctrines of 
Scripture ; opposed to heretical. 
oR'THO-DOX-LY, ad. With soundness of faith 
OR'THO-DOX-NESS, n. Soundness in faith. 
oR'THO-DOX-Y, n. Soundness of faith ; Scrip- 
tural truth; consonance to genuine Scriptural 
doctrines. 
OR-THO*DRoM'I€S, n. pi The art of sailing in 

a direct course or on the arc of a great circle. 
OR'THO-DRO-MY, n. The sailing in a straight 

course. 
OR-THO-EP''I€-AL, a. Pertaining to orthoepy. 
SR'THO-E-PIST, n. A person well skilled in pro- 
nunciation. 
OR'THO-E-PY, n. Correct pronunciation of 

words. 
OR-THoG'RA-PHER, ? n. One who spells words 
OR-THoG'RA-PHIST,f correctly. 
OR-THO-GRaPH'I€, Vo. Rightly spelled; 
OR-THO-GRAPH'I€-AL,f pertaining to or- 
thography ; delineated according to elevation or 
vertical section. 
OR-THO-GRaPH'IC-AL-LY, ad. According to 

rules of spelling. 
OR-TH6G'RA-PHY, n. The spelling or writing 
of words with the proper letters, or that part of 
grammar which treats of this subject; the art 
of delineating or drawing the front of an object 
so as to exhibit the height and elevations of the 
several parts ; the profile or representation of a 
work, as by vertical section. 
OR-TH6P'E-DIST, n. One who cures or reme- 
dies deformities of the feet. 
OR-THoP'E-DY, n. The art or practice of curing 

the deformities of the feet. 
oR'TIVE, a. Rising; eastern. 
OR'TO-LAN, n. A bird of the size of a lark, es- 
teemed a great delicacy as food. 
o'RYX, n. A South-African antelope ; the genus 

bok. 
oS, n. [L.J In medical language, a bone, 
oS'CIL-LaTE, v. t. To swing ; to vibrate. 
OS-CIL-La'TION, n. A moving backward and 

forward, as a pendulum ; vibration. 
6S'CIL-LA-TO-RY, a. Moving as a pendulum. 
6S'CI-TAN-CY, n. Act of gaping or yawning; 

unusual sleepiness; drowsiness. 
OS'CI-TANT, a. Yawning ; sleepy ; drowsy ; 

sluggish. 
OS-CI-Ta'TIOX, a. Act of gaping from sleepi- 
ness. 
oS'CU-LAXT, a. That adheres closely; that em- 
braces. _ 
OS-€U-La'TION, n. A kissing; contact of a 

curve with its circle. 
6S'€U-LA-TO-RY, n. A tablet with the picture 

of Christ and Mary to be kissed. 
o'SIER (6'zhur), n. A species of water-willow, or 

a twig of it used in making baskets. 
o'SIER.E'D, a. Covered or adorned with osiers. 
6S'MA-ZoME, n. An aromatic brownish-yellow 
substance from animal fiber, which gives the pe- 
culiar flavor to boiled meat and soups. 
oS'MI-UM, n. A metal contained in the ore of 

platinum. 
OS'NA-BURG, n. A coarse linen. 
OS'PRAY, n. The fishing-eagle or fish-hawk. 
dS'SE-LET, n. A hard substance on the inside of 

a horse's knee, among the small bones. 
OS'SE-OUS (os'se-us), a. Bony ; like or made of 

bone. 
5S'SI-€LE (os'se-kl), n. A small bone. 
OS-SiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or furnishing 

bones ; containing bones. 
OS-SIF'IC, a. Converting to bone. 
OS-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. The change or its process 
from flesh or other animal matter into a bony 
substance ; the formation of bones. 



I, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; theee, term; mae'ine, bied; move, 



OSS 



309 



OUT 



oS'SI-Fy, v. t. To form bone ; to change from a 
soft animal substance into bone. 

oS'SI-Fv, v. i. To become bone. 

6S'SI-Fi'-IXG, a. Changing into bone ; becoming 
bone. 

OS-SIY'O-ROUS, a. Feeding on bones. 

63'SU-A-RY, n. A place for bones; a charnel- 
house. 

OS-TEX-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. Quality of appearing. 

OS-T£X'SI-BLE, a. Seeming ; not real ; that ap- 
pears or seems; shown, declared, or avowed. — 
Stn. Plausible : colorable ; apparent ; seeming ; 
specious. 

OS-T£X'SI-BLY, ad. Plausibly; colorably. 

OS-TEX'SlYE. a. Tending to show ; exhibiting. 

OS-TEX-Ta'TIOX, 11. Vain outward show or ap- 
pearance; ambitious display.-— Syn. Pageantry; 
pomp ; potnpousuess ; vaunting ; boasting ; pa- 
rade, which see. 

OS-TEX-Ta'TIOUS (-ta'shus), a. Making a dis- 
play from vanity; fond of boastful exhibition; 
intended for vain display. — Syn. Showy; boast- 
ful ; pompous ; vaunting ; gaudy. 

OS-TEX-Ta'TIOUS-LY, ad. With vain display. 

OS-TEX-Ta'TIOUS-XESS, n. Vain display; 
boastfuiness ; vanity. 

5S'TE-0-€oPE, n. A pain in the bones. 

OS-TE-6g'E-XY (-oj'e-ny), n. The formation of 
bone. 

OS-TE-oL'O-GlST,) n. One who describes the 

OS-TE-OL'O-gER, / bones of animals. 

OS-TE-6L'0-gY, n. Description of animal bones ; 
the system of animal bones. 

oS'TI-A-RY, n. The mouth or opening of a river 
into the sea. 

oST'LEK. See Hostlee. 

6S'TRA-CISM, n. Banishment by votes on shells; 
expulsion; banishment. 

OS'TRA-CIZE, v. t. To banish by the voice of the 
populace, particularly one of eminent service, 
but unpopular. 

OS'TRICH, n. A large bird with elegant plumage, 
but wings too short for flight. 

OT-A-€OUS'TI€ (-kow'stik), n. An instrument 
to assist hearing. 



O-TaL'gI-A,) n 



r n. A pain in the ear. 

OTH'ER (iith'er). a. Not the same ; different ; con- 
trarv, noting something besides. 

OTH'ER-WiSE (flth'er-), ad. In a different man- 
ner ; by other causes ; in other respects. 

oT'TAR, ) n. The essential oil or essence of 

oT'TO, j roses. 

oT'TER, n. An amphibious quadruped living in 
the banks of rivers ; a coloring substance ; a cor- 

_ ruption of arnotto or anotta. 

oT'TO-MAX, a. Designating something that per- 
tains to the Turks or to their government. 

oT'TO-MAX. n.; pi. ot'to-jians. A native of 
Turkey ; a small, low, stuffed seat. 

OUCH. n. The bezil or socket of a ring. 

OUGHT. See Aught, the true orthography. 

OUGHT (awt), v. i. [Used in the present and pret- 
erit tenses only] To be necessary ; to be obliged ; 
to be. This verb is used only in the present and 
preterit tenses to denote duty or strong necessity, 
as the law ought to be executed. — 3yn\ Should. — 
Both words imply obligation, but ought is the 
stronger. Should denotes an obligation of pro- 
priety, expediency, &c. ; ought denotes an obli- 
gation of duty. \Ve should be neat in our per- 
sons; we should avoid giving offense. We ought 
to speak truth ; we ought to obey the laws. As a 
participle, owed. 

OUNCE, n. A weight, the twelfth of a pound troy, 
and sixteenth of a pound avoirdupois ; a kind of 
wild cat See Once. 

OUR. proa. pos. Pertaining to us ; belonging to us. 

OU-RAX-OG'RA-PHY, n. A description of the 
heavens. Uranography is more used. 



OU-RoL'O-GY, \ n. Judgment of diseases by an 

OU-RGS'CO-PY,/ examination of urine. 

OURS, noting what belongs to us; usually called 
the possessive case of the personal pronoun we. 

OUR-SeLF ', pron. reciprocal. In the royal style, 
myself. 

OUR-Se LYES', pron., pi of Oueself. We, not 
others. 

oU'SEL (oo'zl), n. A bird of the thrush family. 

OUST, v. t. To remove from possession ; to cast 
out ; to eject ; to disseize. 

OUST'ER, n. Removal from possession ; dispos- 
session; ejection. 

OUT, ad. In a state of extinction ; abroad ; not at 
home: to the end ; uncovered; away; deficient; 
without restraint ; loudly, &c. 

OUT, v. t. To drive away ; to eject ; to expeL 

OUT, ex. Expressing dislike ; away; begone. 

OUT- ACT', 0. t. To do or go beyond ; to exceed. 

OUT-BaL'AXCE, v. t. To outweigh ; to exceed in 
weight or effect. 

OUT-BiD', v. t. To bid more than any other. 

OUT-BiD', ) a. Exceeded in the price of- 

OUT-BID'Di'X.j' fered. 

OUT'BOUXD, a. Going on a distant voyage ; 
outward bound. 

OUT-BRaYE', v. t. To bully or bear down by in- 
solence ; to exceed in splendor. 

OUT-BR.I'Z^X (bra'zn), v. t. To bear down with 
the utmost impudence. 

OUT'BREaK, 11. A breaking forth ; an eruption. 

OUT'BREaK-IXG (-bruk-ing), n. That which 
bursts forth. 

OUT'BCRST, n. A breaking or bursting forth. 

OUT'CaST (6), a. Cast out ; banished ; expelled ; 
thrown away as useless. 

OUT'CAST, n. A person banished ; an exile ; one 
driven from country or home. 

OUT -CLIMB' (-kllme'), v. t. To climb beyond. 

OUT-CR6P', v. i. In geology, to come out to the 
surface of the ground. 

OUT'CROP, n. The coming out of a stratum to 
the surface of the ground. 

OUT'CRT", n. A vehement or loud cry: a cry of 
distress ; noisy opposition or detestation ; sale 
at public auction. — Syn. Exclamation ; clamor ; 
noise ; vociferation. 

OUT-DARE' (4), v. t. To dare or venture beyond. 

OUT-Do', v. t. To excel ; to surpass. 

OUT-Do'IXG, n. A going bevond in performance. 

OUT-DoORS'. ad. Abroad ; "out of the house. 

OUT'ER,«._ That is without ; outward. 

OUT'ER-MoST, a. Being on the extreme part. 

OUT-FaCE', v. t To bear or stare down ; to 
brave. 

OUT'FALL, n. A fall of water ; a canal. 

OUT'FIT, n. Outfits are the expenses of equip- 
ping; money advanced to a public minister go- 
ing to a foreign country bevond his salary. 

OUT-FLAXK', v. t. To" extend the flank of one 
army beyond that of another. 

OUT-FLY', v. t. To fly faster than another ; to 
advance before in flight and progress. « 

OUT'GaTE, n. An outlet ; passage out. 

OUT-geX'ER-AL, v. t. To exceed in generalship ; 
to gain advantage over by superior skill, &c. 

OUT-GiYE', v. t. To surpass in giving. 

OUT-Go', v. t. To surpass ; to overreach ; to ad- 
vance before in going. 

OUT'Go-IXG, n. Act of going out ; the state of 
going out; expense; utmost border. 

OUT-GR5W' (-groO, V. t. To surpass in growth ; 
to grow too great or too old for any thing. 

OUT'GUaRD (-gard), n. An advanced guard; a 
guard at a distance from the main body of an 
army. 

OUT-HeR'OD, v. t. To exceed in cruelty or ab- 
surdity: to overact a part. 
, OUT'HOUSE, n. A small building at a little dis- 
I tance from the house, as a barn, &c. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; yFcious. — e ass; g as j; s asz; en as sh ; this. + Sot English. 



OUT 



310 



OVE 



OUT-LAND'ISH, a. Not native; born or produced 
in the interior country or among rude people. — 
Syn. Vulgar ; rustic ; clownish. 

OUT-LaST', v. t. To exceed in duration ; to last 
longer than something else. 

OUT'LAW, n. One excluded from the benefits of 
law, or deprived of its protection. 

OUT'LAW, v. t. To deprive of the benefit and 
protection of the law ; to proscribe. 

OUT'LAW-RY, n. Act of depriving of the benefit 
of the' law, or the process by which a man is de- 
prived of its protection. 

OUT'LaY, n. Expense ; expenditure. 

OUT'LET, n. A passage to let out ; the place or 
means by which any thing escapes. 

OUT-LIE' (-11'), v. t. To exceed in lying. 

OUT'LINE, n. The exterior line of a figure ; first 
general or rough drawing of an object. — Syn. Con- 
tour; draught; delineation; sketch. 

OUT-LIVE', v. t. To live beyond ; to survive ; to 
live better or to better purpose. 

OUT-LOOK', v. t. To face down ; to browbeat. 

OUT-Ly'ING-, a. Being at a distance from the 
main body or design ; on the frontier ; not in the 
common course of order; removed from the gen- 
eral scheme. 

OUT-MARCH ', v. t. To march faster than; to 
march so as to leave behind. 

OUT-MEA$'URE (-niezh'ur), v. t To exceed in 
measure or extent. 

OUT'MoST, a. Furthest in the extremity; most 
remote from the middle. 

OUT-NuM'BER, v. t. To exceed in number. 

OUT-PaCE', v. t. To outgo; to outwalk. 

OUTTAR-ISH, n. A parish lying on the border. 

OUT'PaRT, n. A part remote from the center or 
main part. 

OUT-PEER', v. t. To surpass or excel. 

OUT'PoST, n. A station at a distance from the 
main body of the army ; the troops placed at such 
a station. 

OUT-PoUR' (-p5re'), v. t. To send forth a stream ; 
to pour out. 

OUT-PoUR'ING, n. A pouring out; effusion. 

OUT'RAgE, v. t. To abuse by rude and insolent 
language; to insult; to injure by rough treat- 
ment; v. i. to be guilty of violent rudeness, or 
commit exorbitances. 

OUT'RAgE, n. Injurious violence offered to per- 
sons or things ; excessive abuse ; Avanton mis- 
chief. — Syn. Insult; violence; enormity; offense. 

OUT-Ra'gEOUS, a. Exceeding all bounds of mod- 
eration, reason, or decency ; guilty of crimes. — 
Syn. Violent; furious; exorbitant; enormous. 

OUT-Ra'gEOUS-LY, ad. With violence. 

OUT-Ra'gEOUS-NESS, n. Violence; turbulence; 
fury; enormity; atrocity. 

+OU-TRE' (oo-trii'). [F/\] Out of the usual lim- 
its; extravagant. 

OUT-RIDE', v. t. To ride faster than. 

OUT-RlDE', v. i. To travel about on horseback or 
in a vehicle. 

«OUT'RID-ER, n. A summoner ; an attending 
servant. 

OUT'RIG-GER, n. A beam projecting from a ship. 

OUT'RIGHT (out'rite), ad. Immediately; direct- 
ly , at once ; without delay ; completely. 

OUT-RuN', v.t. To surpass in running; to ex- 
ceed, as one's income. 

OUT-SAIL', v. t. To sail faster than ; to leave be- 
hind in sailing. 

OUT-SeLL', v. t. To exceed in amount of sales; 
to exceed in the prices, or gain a higher price for 
things sold. 

OUT'SET, n. Beginning ; first entrance on any 
business. 

OUT-SHINE', v. t. To excel in brightness, luster, 
or excellence. 

OUT-SHOOT', v. t. To shoot beyond. 

OUT'SIDE, n. The outward part ; superficial ap- 



pearance ; external man ; the utmost ; a. on the 
outside; external; exterior. 

OUT'SKiRT, n. Border ; outpost ; suburb. 

OUT-SPReAD' (-spred'), v. t. To spread open; to 
extend. 

OUT-SPReAD'ING, n. The act of spreading over 
or diffusing. 

OUT-STANDTNG, a. Not collected ; unpaid. 

OUT-STARE' (4), v. t. To surpass in staring; to 
browbeat. 

OUT'STREET, n. A street in the borders of a 
town. 

OUT-STR^TCH', v. t. To extend far ; to stretch 
or spread out ; to expand. 

OUT-STReTCILED' (-stretcht), a. Extended; 
spread out. 

OUT-STRIDE', v. t To exceed in striding. 

OUT-STRIP', v.t. To outgo; to go beyond; to 
exceed ; to advance beyond. 

OUT-SWEAR', v. t. To exceed in swearing. 

OUT-TALK' (out-tawk'), v. t. To exceed or over- 
bear in talking. 

OUT-VaL'uE, v. t. To exceed in value or price. 

OUT-ViE', v. t. To exceed ; to excel ; to surpass. 

OUT-VIL'LAIN, v. t. To surpass in villainy. 

OUT-VoTE', v. t. To exceed in number of votes 
given ; to defeat in the plurality of suffrages. 

OUT-WALK' (out-wawk'), v. t. To walk faster 
than ; to leave behind in walking. 

OUT'WALL, n. A wall on the outside. 

OUT'WARD, a. Being on the outside of; what is 
seen or at once known ; belonging to the flesh or 
body instead of the mind or spirit. — Syn. Outer; 
visible; extrinsic; external; apparent; foreign; 
public ; carnal ; fleshly ; corporeal. 

OUT'WARD, n. External form. 

OUT'WARD, ad. Toward the outside, or from a 
port or country, as outward-bound. 

OUT'WARD-LY, ad. Externally; opposed to in- 
wardly ; in appearance ; not sincerely. 

OUT-WATCH' (-woch'), v. t. To exceed in watch- 
ing. 

UT-WEAR' (4) (-ware') , v. t. To wear longer than 
something else ; to pass tediously to the end. 

OUT-WEiGH' (out-wa'), v. t. To exceed in weight, 
or in value and importance. 

OUT- WIT', v. t. To exceed in design or cunning; 
to overreach ; to defeat by ingenuity. 

OUT'WoRK (-wurk), n. Fortification on the out- 
side, most remote from the main fortress. 

OUT-WORK', v. t. To surpass in labor. 

o'VAL, a. Having the form of an egg. — Syn. Ob- 
long ; ovate ; ovated ; egg-shaped ; n. a body 
shaped like an egg. 

O-Va'RI-OUS, a. Consisting of eggs. 

O-Va'RI-UM, n. ; pi. O-va'ri-a. An ovary. 

o'VA-RY, n. The place where eggs are formed. 

o'VaTE, a. Egg-shaped, as a leaf. 

O-Va'TION, n. Among the Romans, a less formal 
triumph ; hence, some public honor bestowed on 
a distinguished man. 

6V'i?N (uv'vn), n. An arched place for baking, 
heating, and drying. 

5'VER, prej). The radical idea is beyond, either 
in height, denoting above, as over one's head ; or 
in lateral extent, denoting across, as over the 
way, &c, &c. — Syn. Under. — It has always been 
English usage to say "under one's signature," 
as we say "under one's hand," "under one's 
seal." Some, in this country, have imagined 
"over one's signature" to be more correct, not 
considering that the reference is to the paper 
containing the instrument or mass of thought to 
be verified. This is under the hand in signing, 
as it is under the seal when affixed, though, in ei- 
ther case, the written words may be above. Thus 
the three phrases all stand on the same footing, 
and if one is changed, all must be changed. 

o'VER, ad. From side to side; more than; above 
the top; on the opposite side; beyond a limit; 



I, a, &c, long.- 



&c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what; theke, tesm; masine, bird ; move, 



OVE 



311 



OVE 



throughout ; in composition it denotes shead- 
ing, covering above or across, above turning or 
changing sides ; or more generally beyond, imply- 
ing excess or superiority. 

o'YER. a. Being last; upper: covering. 

O-VER-A-BOUND', v. t. To abound to excess. 

o-VER-At'T'. V. t. To do or perform to excess; v. 
?'. to act more than is necessary. 

o'VER-ALLS (-awlz), n. pi. A kind of long 
tro 

O-VER- LNX'IOUS, a. Anxious to excess. 

o-YER-aRCII', v. t. To cover over with an arch. 

O-VEII-AWE' (o-ver-aw'), v. t. To restrain by 
awe, fear, or superior impress or influence. 

u-YER-BAL'AXCE, v. t. To exceed in weight or 
value. 

5-VER-BaL'ANCE, n. Excess of weight or value ; 
something more than an equivalent. 

0-V£R-BE£R'(4),tt. t To bear down; to subdue 
by superior force. — Syn. To overpower ; over- 
whelm; whelm; conquer; subdue; suppress; re- 
press. See Beae. 

O-VER-BEAR'INGr, a. Haughty and dogmatical ; 
tending to repress by insolence or effrontery. — 
Sy>*. Imperious ; lordly ; domineering ; tyran- 

_ nical. 

5-VER-BiD', v. t. To offer beyond or too much. 

o'VER-BuARD, ad. Out of the ship or from on 
board. 

o-VER-BuR'DE'N (-bur'dn), v. t. To load to ex- 
cess or with too great weight 

5-VER-BuR'D.EN-ED, a. Overloaded. 

O-YER-CAST' (6), v. t. To sew over; to cloud or 

_ darken ; to cast or compute at too high a rate. 

o-VER-€aST', a. Clouded ; overspread with 

_ gloom ; sewed over. 

0-VER-€AU'TIOUS, a. Cautious to excess. 

O-VER-CHXR&E', v. t. To charge or load to ex- 
cess or too much ; to crowd too much ; to burden ; 

_ to enter too much into an account. 

o'VER-CHaRgE, n. Excessive load; a charge 
too great or beyond what is proper. 

O-VER-CLOUD', v. t. To cover with clouds. 

o-YER-COME' (-kum'), v. t. To get the better of; 
to render powerless; v. i. to be victorious. — Stn. 
To conquer. — To overcome is to gain the superi- 
ority or mastery in any trial of strength ; to con- 
quer is to overpower and bring under our con- 
trol. An enemy is conquered; an antagonist in 
argument. &c., is overcome. 

O-YER-CoN'FI-DENT, a. Too confident— Syn. 
Rash; heady; headstrong; headlong. 

O-VER-Do' (-doo'), v. t. To do work or cook too 
much. 

O-VER-Do' (-dooO, v. i. To labor too hard ; to 

_ make use of too much. 

o'YER-DoSE, n. Too great a dose. 

O-VER-DRAW, v. t. To draw orders beyond the 
amount that is due, or for a sum beyond one's 
cr- dit in the books of a company. 

O-VER-DRkSSJ&D' (-drl-st';, a. Arrayed or adorn- 
ed more than is needful. 

O-VER-DRIVE', v. t. To drive beyond strength. 

o-VER-DuE', a.. Past the time of being due, as 
an overdue note, the mail is overdue. 

O-VER-EAT', v. t. To eat too much. 

O-VER-EX-CITE'MEXT, n. Too great excite- 
ment. 

(j-A'ER-EyE' (-!'), V. t. To observe; to superin- 
tend. 

o'VER-FALL, n. A steep fall of water. 

O-YER-FA-Ti'GUE' (-fa-teeg'), v. t. To fatigue to 



excess. 
O-YER-FEED', v. t. 



To feed to excess. 



O-VER-FLoW (-no'), v. t. To spread over, as wa- 
ter; to fill beyond the brim; to cover, as with 
numbers Stn. To deluge ; flood ; inundate ; 

_ overwhelm ; overspread. 

o-VER-FLoW, v. i. To run over; to be abundant 

o'YER-FLoYV, n. An inundation; deluge. 



o-YER-FLoWIXG, a. Abundant; copious; exu- 
berant. _ [ty. 

O-VER-FLoW'ING, n. Copiousness; great plen- 

o-YER-FoXD', a. Fond to excess. 

o-YER-FReIGHT' (o-ver-frate'), v. t. To load too 
heavily; to fill with too great quantity or num- 

_ bers. 

o-VER-Go', v. t. To go beyond in extent, value, 
numbers, &c. — Syn. To surpass; exceed; excel; 

_ out%-ie. 

o-VER-GoRgE', v. t. To gorge to excess. 

o-VER-GRoW (-gro'), v. t. To cover with herb- 

_ age ; to grow beyond; to rise above. 

o-VER-GRoW, v. i. To grow beyond the fit or 
natural size. 

o-VER-GRoWX', a. Covered with herbage ; risen 
above ; grown beyond the natural size. 

o'YER-GRo\VTH, n. Exuberant or excessive 
growth. 

o-VER-HaXG', v. t. To jut or project over. 

o-YER-HAXG'IXG, a. Hanging over or above. 

o-YER-HaRD'JSX, v. t. To harden too much ; to 
make too hard. 

o'VER-HaSTE. n. Too great haste, 

o-YER-HaST'I-XESS, n. The state or quality of 
being too hasty ; precipitation. 

o-YER-HaST'Y, a. Too hasty ; precipitate. 

u-VER-HAUL', v. t. To turn over and examine; 
to examine again, as one's accounts or doings; 
to overtake ; to gain upon in a chase. 

o-VER-HkAD' (6-ver-hed'), ad. Above; aloft; in 
the zenith or ceiling. 

OVER-HEAR', v. t. To hear by accident. 

O-VER-HEAT', v. t. To heat to excess. 

u-VER-JOY', v. t. To transport with joy. 

o'VER-JOY, n. Joy to excess; transport. 

u-VER-La'BOR, v. t. To take too much pains ; to 
execute with too much care. [to excess. 

o-VER-La'BORUD, a. Labored or wrought out 

o-VER-LaDE', v. i. To overload; to overburden. 

o'VER-LAN'D, a. Passing by land. 

o-YER-LaRgE', a. Too large ; too great. 

u-YER-LaY' (-laO, V. t. To spread over ; to smoth- 
er; to overwhelm; to cloud or overcast; to join 
two opposite by a cover. 

o-YER-LaY'Ia"G, n. A covering over the surface. 

o-YER-LEAP', v. t. To leap over ; to pass or move 
from side to side by leaping. 

o' YER-LEAT H-ER (-leth-er), n. The leather which 
forms the upper part of a fdioe ; the upper leather. 

O-YER-LIB'ER-AL, a. Too liberal; too free; 

_ abundant to excess. 

o-YER-LlE', v. t. To lie over or uuon something. 

o-YER-LDAD', v. t. To load too heavily. 

o-YER-LOOK', v. t. To view from a higher place ; 
to look over the shoulder; to inspect; to review; 
to neglect ; to excuse. 

5-VER-MaS'TER, v. t. To subdue ; to conquer. 

o-VER-aIaTCH', v. t. To prove superior to ; to be 
too powerful for ; to subdue. 

o'YER-MaTCH, n. One of superior strength. 

O-YER-MEAS'L'RE (-mezh'ur), n. Excess of meas- 
ure. 

o-YER-MoD'EST, a. Modest to excess; bashful- 

o'YER-MoST, a. Placed over the rest. 

o-YER-MC'CH', n. More than sufficient. 

o-YER-MuCH', ad. In too great a degree. 

o-YER-NIGHT' (o-ver-nite';, n. Night before bed- 
time ; in the night before. 

5- YER-NIGHT', ad. During or through the night. 

o-YER-PASS', v. t. To go or pass over; to omit; 
to neglect ; not to receive or include. 

o-YER-PaS'SION-ATE, a. Passionate to excess. 

o-YER-IA'TIENT (-shent). a. Patient to excess. 

o-VER-PaY' (-pa'), v. t. To pay beyond the debt 

_ or price. 

o-YER-PkO'PLE (-pe'pl), V. t. To overstock with 

_ inhabitants. 

o-YER-PER-SUaDE', v. t. To influence or per- 
suade against inclination or opinion. 



DOVE, WOLF, EOOK ; EULE, BULL ; Vl' 



k ; g as j ; s as z ; caassu; this. * Sot English. 



OVE 



312 



OWL 



O'VER-PLUS, n. What is more than is wanted; 
surplus; that which remains after a supply or 
beyond a proposed quantity. 

5-VER-POISE' (6-ver-poiz'), v. t. To outweigh. 

o'VER-POISE, n. Preponderant weight. 

O-VER-POW'ER, v. t. To affect too strongly ; to 
hear down by force. — Syn. To overbear; over- 
come ; vanquish ; defeat ; crush ; conquer ; sub- 
due. 

O-VER-PRfiSS', v. t. To bear upon with irresisti- 
ble force ; to overwhelm ; to crush strongly. 

5-VER-PRiZE', v. t. To prize too highly. 

6-VER-RaTE', v. t. To rate too high. 

5-VER-ReACH', v. t. To go beyond; to rise 
above ; to deceive by artifice ; to cheat. 

o-VER-REACH'ING, n. The act of deceiving; a 
reaching out too far. 

o-VER-ReAD'Y, a. Too ready. [of. 

O-VER-RIDE', v. t. To ride beyond the strength 

O-VER-RiPE', a. Mature to excess ; too ripe. 

o-VER-RiP'jEN, v. t. To make too ripe. 

0-VER-R!P'l?N, v. i. To grow too ripe. 

6-VER-RuLE', v. t. To influence or control by 
predominant power ; to control. 

o-VER-RuL'ER, n. One who overrules. 

O-VER-RuL'ING, a. Exerting superior and con- 
trolling power. — Syn. Prevailing; predominant; 

_ prevalent ; governing. 

O-VER-RuN', v. t. To spread or grow over; to 
march over ; to ravage ; to outrun ; to exceed ; 
to change the disposition of types, and carry those 
of one line into another, &c. ; to injure by tread- 
ing down ; v. i. to overfloAv ; to run over. 

O-VER- RuN'NING, a. Spreading or growing over ; 
ravaging; changing the arrangement of types; 
n. the act of overflowing or running over. 

o-VER-SeA', a. Foreign; from beyond the sea. 

O-VER-SEE', v. t. To superintend ; to inspect. 

o-VER-SEER', n. A supervisor; superintendent. 

o-VER-SET', v. t. To overturn. 

o-VER-SeT', v. i. To be overturned. 

6-VER-SHaDE', v. t. To cover with shade. 

O-VER-SHaD'oW (-shad'6), v. t. To cover; to 
shelter; to hide. 

5-VER-SHaD'oW-ING, a. Throwing a shadow 
over; protecting. 

O-VER-SHOOT', v. t. To shoot beyond the mark ; 
to go too far ; v. i. to fly beyond the mark. 

o'VER-SHoT, a. An overshot wheel is one that 
receives the water shot over the top on the de- 
scent. 

o'VER-SIGHT (-site), n. Watchful care ; an over- 
looking or failing to notice. — Syn. Superintend- 
ence ; supervision ; mistake ; error ; omission. 

O-VER-SKiP', v. t. To skip or leap over. 

O-VER-SLEEP', v. i. To sleep too long. 

5-VER-SOON', ad. Too soon. 

o-VER-SPeNT', a. Wearied to excess. 

O-VER-SPReAD' (-spred'), v. t. To cover over ; 
to spread or scatter over; v. i. to be scattered 
over. 

O-VER-STaTE', v. t. To state in too strong terms ; 
to exaggerate. 

o-VER-STeP', v. t. To step beyond; to exceed. 

O-VER-SToCK', V. t To fill too full ; to supply 
with more than is wanted, as of seed, cattle, &c. 

o'VER-SToOK, ft. A superabundance. 

o-VER-ST6CKJ?D' (-stockf), a. Filled too full ; 
crowded; furnished with more cattle than is 

_ wanted, as a farm. 

o-VER-STRaIN', v. t. To strain or stretch to ex- 
cess ; to make too great efforts. 

O-VER-STRaIN', v. i. To strain one's self too far. 

o-VER-SWeLI?, v. t. To rise above ; to overflow. 

o'VERT, a. Open to view ; public ; apparent, as 
overt virtues, an overt essay. The word is now 
chiefly used in law ; thus, an overt act of treason 
is distinguished from a secret design. 

O-VER-TaKE', v. t. To come up with ; to catch ; 
to take by surprise. 



o-VER-TASK', v. t. To impose too much work on. 

O-VER-TAX', v. t. To tax to excess. 

O-VER-THRoW' (-thro'), v. t. To throw down ; to 
turn upside down ; to bring to destruction ; to be 
victorious over, as a foe. — Syn. To overturn ; 
prostrate ; subvert ; destroy ; ruin ; overcome ; 
demolish, which see. 

o'VER-THROW, n. The state of being overturn- 
ed or thrown off that on which it rests. — Syn. 
Subversion; ruin; destruction; defeat; discom- 
fiture ; degradation ; downfall. 

O-VER-THWART', a. Opposite; adverse; per- 
verse ; crossing at right angles. 

o-VER-TiRE'-, v. t. To subdue by fatigue. 

o'VERT-LY, ad. Openly; publicly; in open view. 

0-VER-T6P', v. t. To exceed in height. 

o-VEK-TRaDE', v. i. To trade beyond one's capi- 
tal, or to purchase goods beyond the means of 

_ payment, or beyond the wants of the community. 

o'VERT-uRE (o'vert-yur), n. Something offered 
for consideration; a proposal; an opening; the 
opening piece of some public act or an introduc- 

_ lory piece of music. 

o-VER-TuRN', v. t. To throw over or down; to 
throw from the base or foundation ; to destroy. 
— Syn. To overset ; overthrow ; subvert ; pros- 

_ trate ; ruin ; demolish, which see. 

o'VER-TURN, n. State of being overturned ; act 
of overturning. — Syn. Overthrow; upsetting; 
prostration; revolution; ruin. 

o-VER-TWIN'ING, n. An oversetting or throw- 

_ ing down ; destruction. 

o-VER-VAL'uE (-vary"), V. t. To value at too 
high a rate. 

O-VER-WEEN', v. i. To think too highly. 

O-VER-WEEN'ING, a. That thinks too highly, 
as of one's self. — Syn. Arrogant; proud; conceit- 

_ ed; vain. 

O-VER- WEIGH' (-wii'), v. t. To surpass in weight. 
— Syn. Outweigh ; preponderate ; overbalance ; 

_ outbalance. 

o'VER-WEIGHT (-wate), n. Greater weight; 

_ preponderance. 

o-VER-WHeLM', v. t. To spread over and crush ; 
to immerse or bear down. — Syn. To submerge; 

_ drown; overbear; overcome; subdue. 

O-VER-WHeLM'ING, a. That immerses, drowns, 
or crushes. — Syn. Prostrating; overpowering; 
subduing; conquering; ruinous. 

O-VER-WHeLM'ING-LY, ad. In such a manner 
as to overwhelm. 

O-VER- WISE', a. Wise to affectation. 

O-VER- WORK' (-wilrk'), v. t. To cause to labor 
too much ; to labor beyond the strength. 

o-VI€'u-LAR, a. Pertaining to an egg. 

o'VI-DUOT, n. A passage for the ovum or egg 
from the ovary to the womb. 

o'Vi-FORM, a. Having the shape of an egg; 
oval. 

o'ViNE, a. Pertaining to sheep. 

O-ViP'A-ROUS, a. Producing eggs. 

0-Vi-PO-SI"TION (-zish'un), n. The laying or 
depositing of eggs. 

o'VI-SAO, n. The cavity in the ovary which im- 
mediately contains the egg. 

o'VOID, n. The outline of an egg. 

O-VOID'AL,} a ' Havin S the sha P e of an e SS- 
o'VO-LO, n. A round molding; quarter of a 

circle. 
+o'VUM, n. ; pi. o'va. [L.] An egg. 
oWE (o), v. t. To be indebted ; to be obliged or 

bound to pay ; to be obliged ; to ascribe to ; to 

be due. 
OWL, n. A well-known bird that flies at night, 

noted for its hooting. 
OWL'ER, n. One that conveys contraband goods. 
OWL'ET, n. A little owl. 
OWL'EYj&D (-ide), a. Having large, full eyes like 

the owl. 



a, i, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, far, last, fall, what; thebe, teem; maeine, lied; move, 



OWL 



313 



PAD 



OWL'ING.ra. The crime of conveying -wool out of 
England contrary to law. 

OWL'ISH, a. Like an owl in looks or habits. 

OWL'-LlGHT, n. Glimmering or imperfect light. 

OWL'-LlKE, a. Like an owl in looks and habits. 

OWN, a. Noting property or title. 

OWN, v. t. To have the legal or rightful title to, 
with or without the exclusive possession and use; 
to admit to belong to ; to acknowledge that some- 
thing is true.— Syn. To have; possess; confess; 
recognize; admit. 

oWN'ER, n. The proprietor; one who has the 
title to. 

OWN'ER-SHIP, n. Exclusive right of possession. 

dX, n. ; pi. ox'en (ox'sn). A castrated male of the 
bovine genus of quadrupeds. 

OX-aL'I€, a. Noting-an acid from sorrel. 

oX'EvJ^D (-ide), a. Having large, full eyes like 
those of an ox. 

OX'YD, n. A compound of oxygen and a base des- 
titute of acid and salifying properties. 

oX'YD-ATE, v. t. To convert into an oxyd. 

6X-YD-a'TION, n. The operation or process of 
converting into an oxyd. 

oX'YD-lZE, v. t. To convert into an oxyd. 

OX'Y-GEN, n. An elementary substance, in a 
gaseous form, constituting the vital part of the 
atmosphere, essential to combustion, and gener- 
ating acids and oxyds. 

oX'Y-gEN-aTE, v. t. To cause to combine with 
oxygen. 

6X'Y-gEN-a-TED, a. United with oxygen. 

OX-Y-gEN-a'TION, n. The act, operation, or 
process ofcombining with oxygen. 

oX'Y-gEN-iZE, v. i. To oxygenate. 

6X'Y-gEX-IZ2?D, a. Unite'd with oxygen. 

OX-Tg'EX-OUS, a. Pertaining to oxygen. 

oX'Y-GON, n. A triangle with three acute angles. 

OX-Y-HT'DRO-GEN, a. A name given to a cer- 
tain kind of blow-pipe, in which oxygen and hy- 
drogen gases are burned together in order to pro- 
duce an intense heat, also to a kind of micro- 
scope. 

oX'Y-MEL, n. A mixture of vinegar and honey. 

OX-Y-Mo'RON, n. A rhetorical figure, in which 
an epithet of a quite contrary signification is add- 
ed to a word, as cruel kindness. 

OX-Y'O-PY, n. A preternatural sensibility of the 
retina,_prodncing acute vision. 

oX'Y-ToNE, a. Having an acute sound. 

6X'Y-ToNE, n. An acute sound. 

o'YER, ii. A hearing or trial of causes. 

OYEZ. A word used thrice in making proclama- 
tion in court, requiring silence and attention, 
pronounced O-yes. 

oYS'TER, n. A bivalvular testaceous shell-fish, 
much esteemed for food. 

oYS'TER-PLANT, n. Salsify, so called from its 
taste when cooked. 

O-Ze'NA, n. An ulcer in the nostril. 

o'ZoNE, n. A gaseous substance, existing to a 
greater or less extent in the atmosphere, and sup- 
posed to be oxygen in a peculiar condition. 



"D is a pure mute, formed by close compression of 

•*- the lips, without vocality, only a whispered or 
aspirated sound, which can not be continued at 
pleasure. It is convertible into / and v. It is 
silent in words from the Greek, &c, as Psalm, 
&c, but not in English words, unless in receipt. 

P. M. stands for past meridian, afternoon. 

PaB'u-LAR, \ a. Pertaining to food ; affording 

PAB'u-LOUS,) aliment or nutriment. 

PAB-u-La'TION. n. The act of feeding. 

PAB'u-LUM, n. Food ; aliment ; fuel or means of 
combustion. 



Pa'GA, n. A small animal of South America, al- 
lied to the Guinea-pig. 

PaOE, n. A step ; the space between two feet in 
walking, about two feet and a half; manner of 
walking ; degree of celerity; a mode of stepping 
among horses by lifting at once the legs on the 
jiame side. 

PaOE, v. i. To go ; to walk ; to go, move, or walk 
slowly; to go by moving the legs on the same 
^ide together, as a horse. 

Pa(JE, v. t. To measure by steps, as to pace a 
piece of ground ; to regulate in motion. 

PaCZ?D (paste), a. Having a particular gait; go- 
ing all lengths. Both are used in composition. 

PaC'ER, n. One who paces ; a horse that paces. 

PA-CHA' (pa-shaw'), n. The French way of spell- 
ing paslww ; a Turkish governor or commander. 

PA-cIIAL'I€ (-shawl'ik), a. Pertaining to the 
government of a pacha. 

PA€II-Y-DERM'A-TA (13) (pak-), n. pi. In zoolo- 
gy, an order of mammalia which have hoofs, but 
do not ruminate, including the elephant, the mas- 
todon, the horse, <£rc. 

PA€H-Y-DeRM'A-TOUS, a. Having a thick skin. 

PA-CiF-IC, a. Peace-making; in a state of tran- 
quillity. — Syn. Appeasing ; conciliatory ; tran- 
quil; quiet; calm. 

PA-CiF'I€,w. The appellation given to the ocean 
between America and Asia. 

PA-CIF-I-€a'TION, n. Act of making peace. 

PA-CiF'I-€a-TOR, n. One who makes peace. 

PA-CiF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Tending to make peace. 

PaC'I-Fi-ER, ii. One who appeases. 

PaC'I-Fv, v. t. To appease wrath or any violent 
passion ; to allay agitation ; to restore peace to. — 
Syn. To calm ; still ; quiet ; soothe ; allay ; com- 
pose. 

PaC'ING, a. Measuring by steps; ambling, as a 
_horse. 

PaC'ING, n. The act of measuring off by steps 
or ambling. 

PACK, n. A bundle ; load ; fifty-two cards assort- 
ed ; a number of hounds ; a set ; a crew ; a mass 
compressed, as a pack of ice. 

PaCK, v. t. To press together ; to make into a 
bundle ; to put up with salt, as pork, &c. ; to pick 
a jury; to send off in haste. 

PaCK, v. i. To depart in haste, with off; to join 
for ill purposes, &c 

PaCK'AgE, n. A bundle; a bale; a charge for 
packing goods. 

PaCK'-€L6TH (20), n. One who packs provis- 
ions, or bales, boxes, &c. 

PaCK'ET, n. A small package ; a bundle or par- 
cel ; a vessel for dispatches or for passengers. 

PaCK'ET, v. i. To ply in a packet. 

PACK'ET-BoAT. See Packet. 

PaCK'ET-SHiP, n. A ship that sails regularly 
between distant countries to carry letters, passen- 
gers, &c. 

PaCK'-HoRSE, n. A horse to carry burdens. 

PaCK'ING, n. Any material used in packing or 
making close, air or water-tight; the art of pack- 
ing or stowing away. 

PaCK'MAN, n. A peddler ; one who carries a pack 
on his back. 

PaCK'-SAD-DLE, n. A saddle for burdens. 

PaCK'-STaFF, n. A staff on which a traveler oc- 
casion all v supports his pack. 

PaCK'-THReAD, n. A thread for binding par- 
cels. 

PACK'- WAX, n. A tendinous substance or carti- 
lage in the neck of animals. 

PACT, \n. A contract ; covenant or agree- 

PAC'TION, / ment. 

PaC'TION-AL, a. Belonging to agreement. 

PAG-TF'TIOUS, a. Settled by agreement. 

PA€-To'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Pactolus, a river 
famous for its golden sands. 

PAD, n. Any thing flattened or laid; a soft sad- 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; EULE, BULL ; Vl"ciOUS. — € as K ; 



s as z ; en as su : 



this. "*• Not English. 



PAD 



314 



PAL 



die, cushion, or bolster, stuffed with hair or other 
substance ; an easy-paced horse : a robber, com- 
monly foot-pad. 

PaD, v. i. To travel slowly; to rob on foot; to 
beat a way smooth ; v. t. to stuff with padding ; 
to imbue cloth equally with a mordant. 

PAD'DED, a. Stuffed with a soft substance. 

PAD'DER, n. A foot highwayman. 

PAD'DING, n. Stuffing of a coat, saddle, &c. 

PAD'DLE, v. i. To play in water; to row; v. t. to 
propel by an oar ; to punish with an instrument 
called a paddle. 

PAD'DLE, n. A small oar ; blade of a weapon ; 
the broad board or slat at the circumference of a 
water-wheel ; the feet of certain animals, as tor- 
toises, &c, are thus called. 

PAD'DLE-STAFF, n. A staff headed with iron, 
used by plowmen to clear the plow-share of earth, 
&c 

PAD'DLE-WHEEL, n. A broad-faced wheel, 
which gives motion to steam-boats by striking 
the water with its slats or paddles. 

PAD'DOCK, n. A toad or frog ; a small inclosure. 

PAD'DY, n. A cant word for an Irishman; rice 
not divested of its husk. 

"frPA-Dl'SHA (-de'sha), n. A title meaning protect- 
or or throne-prince, given to the Turkish sultan 
or Persian shah. 

PAD'LOCK, n. A lock to be hung on a staple. 

PaD'LOCK, v. t. To fasten with a padlock; to 
make fast. — Syn. To shut; confine; fasten. 

PAD-u-A-SOY', n. A particular kind of silk cloth. 

PiE'AN, ) n. Among the ancients, a song of re- 

Pt/AN, J joicing in honor of Apollo; hence, a 
song ot triumph or loud joy. 

PyE'ON, n. A foot of four syllables. 

Pa'GAN, n. One who worships false gods ; an idol- 
ater ; a. after the manner of pagans ; idolatrous. — 
Syn. Gentile ; heathen. — Gentile (from gens) was 
applied to the other nations of the earth as op- 
posed to the Jews. Pagan (from paganus, a vil- 
lager) was the name given to idolaters in the early 
Christian church, because the villagers, being most 
remote from the centers of instruction, remained 
for a long time unconverted. Heathen (Sax. hea- 
then, one living in the country) has the same 
origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to 
rude and uncivilized idolaters, while heathen 
embraces all who practice idolatry. 

Pa'GAN-ISM, n. Heathenism ; worship of false 
gods. 

Pa'GAN-iZE, v. t. To convert to heathenism ; v. i. 
to behave like heathen or pagans. 

Pa'GAN-iZ^D, a. Made heathenish. 

PagE, n. One side of a leaf of a book ; a book, or 
writing or writings, as the page of history. 

PagE, n. A boy attendant on a great person or 
on a legislative body. 

PagE, v. t. To mark with numbers of pages. 

Pa GEANT or Pag'EANT, n. A spectacle; pomp- 
ous show ; any thing pompous or showy ; a. in- 
tended for pomp or display. — Syn. Ostentatious ; 
showy; pompous. 

Pa'gEANT-RY or Pag'EANT-RY, n. Something 
by way of ostentation or exhibition. — Syn. Spec- 
tacle ; show ; pomp ; finery. 

Pag'I-NAL, a. Consisting of pages. 

PA-Go'DA, n. A temple in the East Indies ; an 
image or idol ; a coin of nearly two dollars. 

PaIL (pale), n. A wooden vessel for water, milk, 
&c. 

PaIN (pane), n. Sensation of uneasiness; labori- 
ous effort ; punishment denounced or inflicted. — 
Syn. Distress; grief; pang; penalty; suffering. 

PaIN, v. t. To make uneasy in body or mind. — 
Syn. To distress ; afflict. 

PaIN'FUL, a. Causing pain, uneasiness, or dis- 
tress ; full of pain ; requiring labor ; full of diffi- 
culties. — Syn. Distressing; afflictive; laborious; 
toilsome; difficult. 



PaIN'FUL-LY, ad. With pain; laboriously. 

PaIN'FUL-NESS, n. Uneasiness or distress of 
body or mind; laborious effort or diligence. — 
!Syn. Pain; affliction; sorrow. 

PAI'NIM (pa'-) , n. A pagan ; an infidel. 

PaIN'LESS, a. Void of pain or labor; easy. 

PaINS'TaK-ING, a. Laborious; industrious. 

PaINS'TaK-ING, n. Labor; great industry. 

PaINT, v. t. To color with a brush; to represent 
by colors or images. — Syn. To picture; color; 
portray : delineate. 

PaINT, v. i. To lay colors on the face; to prac- 
tice painting. 

PaINT, n. A coloring substance ; a substance used 
in painting ; color laid on the face ; rouge. 

PaINT'ED, a. Rubbed over with colors ; repre- 
sented by colors ; described. 

PaINT'ER, n. One who paints; a rope used to 
fasten a boat. 

PaINT'ING, n. The act or art of forming figures 
in colors ; a picture ; colors laid on. See Pic- 
ture. 

PAIR (-1), n. Two things alike in form, suited to 
each other, or used together for the same pur- 
pose ; a couple ; two of a sort ; a brace. — Syn. 
Set ; flight. — Originally, pairyra.s not confined to 
two things, but was applied to any number of 
pares, or equal things, that go together. Ben 
Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chess-men ; also 
he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of 
cards. A u pair of stairs" was, in like manner, 
the original expression, as given by the earlier 
lexicographers, Howell, &c, and is still in gen- 
eral use, though flight was also introduced at a 
later period. 

PAIR (pure), v. t. ori. To join in couples; to suit. 

PAIR'-6FF, v. i. To depart from a company in 
pairs; in a legislative body, to agree in equal 
numbers from opposite sides on absence from a 
vote. 

PAL'ACE, n. A magnificent house for a king, &c 

PAL'A-DIN, n. A knight errant. 

PAL-AN-QUIN' (pal-an-keen'), I n. A covered 



PAL-AN-KEEN', 



}n . 



carriage used 



in the East, borne on men's shoulders. 

PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. Pleasing to the taste ; agree- 
able. 

PAL'A-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
agreeable to the taste. 

PaL'A-TA-BLY, ad. Agreeably to the taste. 

PaI/A-TAL, a. Pertaining to the palate ; uttered 
by aid of the palate. 

PAL'A-TAL, n. A letter uttered by the aid of the 
palate, as of g hard, and k, in eg, eh. 

PAL'ATE, n. The roof of the mouth ; taste ; relish. 

PA-La'TIAL (-la'shal), a. Pertaining to the pal- 
ate or to a palace ; magnificent. 

PA-LAT'I-NATE, n. The province of a palatine. 

PAL'A-TlNE, a. Pertaining to a palace; possess- 
ing royal privileges. 

PAL'A-TlNE, n. One invested with royal privi- 
leges. 

PA-La'VER, n. Idle or deceptive words or talk ; 
an African conference or deliberation. — Syn. 
Talk ; discourse ; flattery ; adulation ; v. t. to de- 
ceive by words or hold idle talk ; to flatter. 

PaLE, a. Destitute of color ; not ruddy or fresh 
of color. — Syn. White; whitish; wan; pallid; 
dim; faint. 

PaLE, n. A pointed board ; a stake ; an inclosure ; 
district; in heraldry, one of the honorable ordi- 
naries in a coat of arms, like a palisado. 

PaLE, v. t. To inclose with pales. 

PaLE'-Ey^D (-ide), a. Having dim eyes. 

PaLE'LY, ad. Wanly ; not freshly or ruddily. 

PaLE'NESS, n. Defect of color; want of fresh- 
ness or ruddiness; whiteness. 

Pa-LE-6G'RA-PHY, n. Ancient manner of writ- 
ing ; the art of explaining ancient writings ; the 
study of ancient writings. 



1, I, &c, long.— a, b, &c, short.— cake, fas, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, hird; move, 



PAL 



oi: 



PAN 



Pa-LE-6L'0-6IST, n. One who writes on antiq- 
uity. 

Pa-LE-oL'O-gY, n. Treatise on ancient writings. 

Pa-LE-OX-T6L'0-gY, n. The science of the fos- 
sil remains of animals and plants now extinct. 

PA-LE-O-TIIe'RI-UM,? n. A huge extinct quad- 

Pa'LE-O-THEBE, J ruped, like a pig or 

Pa'LE-OUS, «. Chaffy; like chaff. [tapir. 

PA-LE-0-Zo'I€, a. A name given to the lowest 
fossil-bearing strata, and also to the lowest forms 
of life. 

PA-LES'TRA, n. A place for athletic exercises. 

PA-LeSTRI-AX,> a. Pertaining to the exercise 

PA-LeS'TRI€, j of wrestling. 

PAL'ETTE. See Pallet. 

PAL'FREY (pawl'fry), n. A small horse for la- 
dies; a horse used by noblemen aud others for 
state. 

PA-LiL'O-gY, n. Repetition of a word. 

Pa'LIMP-SEST, n. A parchment manuscript 
written over a second time upon former erased 
writings. 

PALTX-DRoME, n. A word, verse, or sentence 
that is the same when read backward and for- 
ward, as madam. 

PaL'IXG, n. An inclosing with pales; a fence 
formed_of pales. 

PAL-I-SaDE', n. A fence or fortification of stakes 
sharpened and set firmly in the ground v. t. to 
fortify with pales or stakes. 

PaL'ISH, a. Somewhat pale or wan. 

PALL (pawl), n. A cloak or mantle of state; a 
covering for the dead ; a detent or click to check 
the backward revolution of a wheel, windlass, &c. 

PALL, v. t. To cloak; to cover; to invest. 

PALL, v. i. To lose strength or taste; to become 
insipid or vapid. 

PAL-La'DI-UM, n. A statue of Pallas; an effect- 
ive defense ; protection ; safety; a metal discover- 
ed in 1S03 by Dr. Wollaston. 

PaL'LAS, n. The Grecian goddess of wisdom, 
Minerva; one of the smaller planets between 
Mars and Jupiter. 

PAL'LET, n. A small, thin board on which paint- 
ers spread their colors, and hence applied to sim- 
ilar implements used by others; also, part of a 
clock ; also, a small bed. 

PaL'LI-AL. a. Pertaining to a mantle. 

PAL-LIASSE' (pal-yass'), n. Under bed of straw. 

PaL'LI-aTE, v. t. To cover with excuse; to soft- 
en by favorable representations, as to pallvxte a 
fault, &c. — Sv>\ To extenuate. — We extenuate a 
crime (from ex and tenuis) when we endeavor to 
show that it is less than has been supposed ; we 
palliate a crime (from pallium, a cloak) when we 
endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity, at least 
in part. This naturally leads us to soften some 
of its features, and thus palliate approaches to- 
ward extenuate till they become nearly or quite 
identical. 

PAL-LI-aTIOX, n. Concealment or extenuation 
of the worst features of an offense. — Syn. Mitiga- 
tion ; alleviation; abatement; lessening, &c. 

PaL'LI-A-TIVE, n. That which extenuates or al- 
leviates. 

PAL'LI-A-TiVE, a. Serving to extenuate by ex- 
cuses, or to alleviate, as pain, disease, &c. 

PAL' LID, a. Pale; wan; faint in color. 

PAL'LID-XESS, n. Paleness want of color. 

PALL-MALL' (p'll-mSll'), n. A game with ball 
and ring; a street in London, so called from be- 
ing famous as the place of such play. 

PALM (piim), n. A tree ; inner part of the hand ; 
a hand's breadth, or measure of three inches. 

PaLM, v. t. To conceal in the hand to impose on. 

PAL'MA-CHRiS'Tl, n. [L.] A plant whose seeds 
furnish castor oil. 

PAL' .MAR. a. Of the hand's breadth. 

PAL'Ma-TED,\ a. Having the shape of the hand 

PAL'MATE, / entirely webbed. 



PaLM'ER, n. One who bears a palm ; one that re- 
turned from the Holy Laud bearing branches of 
palm : a pilgrim or crusader. 

PaLM'ER-W<jRM, n. A hairy worm. 

PAL-MET'TO, n. A species of palm-tree. 

PAL-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing palms. 

PAL'MI-PED, a. Web-footed; having toes con- 
nected by a membrane. 

PAL'MIS-TER, n. One pretending to palmistry. 

PAL'MIS-TRY, n. Act or art of telling fortunes 
by the lines in the palm of the hand. 

PaLM'-OIL, n. A vegetable oil obtained from 
the palm. 

PaLM' SuX-DAY, n. Sunday next before Easter. 

PaLM'Y, a. Abounding with palms; flourishing; 
prosperous ; victorious. 

PAL-PA-BIL'I-TY, 1 n. Qualitv of being percept- 

PaI/PA-BLE-NESS,} ible by the touch. 

PAL'PA-BLE, a. That may be felt; easily per- 
ceptible or detected. — Syn. Obvious; evident; 
tangible. 

PAL'PA-BLY, ad. So as to be perceived by the 
touch ; plainly ; obviously. 

PAL-PaTIoX, n. Act of feeling. 

PaL'PE-BRAL, a. Pertaining to eyebrows. 

PAL'PE-BROUS, a. Having large eyebrows. 

PaL'Pi, n. pi. Certain organs in pairs, at the back 
or side of the lower jaw of some insects; feelers. 

PAL'PI-FORM, a. Having the form of palpi or 
feelers. 

PaL'PI-TaTE, v. i. To throb or beat, as the 
heart ; to flutter or move with little throws ; to 
go pit a pat. 

PAL-PI-Ta'TIOX, n. A preternatural pulsation 
of the heart. 

PALS'GRaYE (pawlz'-), n. A count or earl who 
has the superintendence of the king's palace. 

PAL'SI-CAL. a. Affected with the palsy. 

PAL'SIED (pawl'zid), a. Affected with palsy. 

PAL'SY (pawl'zy), n. Loss of the power of mo- 
tion ; paralysis. 

PAL'SY, v. t. To deprive of the power of motion ; 
to destroy action or energy ; to paralyze. 

PALTER (pawl'ter), v. i. To fail ; to come short ; 
to shift ; to balk. 

PALTER-ER, n. One that palters or falls short. 

PALTRI-XESS, n. The state of being paltry ; 
meanness. 

PALTRY, a. Destitute of worth ; characterized 
by meanness. — Syn. Mean ; pitiful ; trifling; des- 
picable ; contemptible, which see. 

PA-Lu'DAL, a. Pertaining to marshes. 

Pa'LY, a. Wanting color; pale. 

PaM, n. The knave of clubs. 

PaM'PAS, n. pi. The vast prairies in South 
America. 

PaM'PER, v. t. To feed to the full ; to glut. 

PaM'PHLET, n. A book of sheets only stitched 
together. 

PAM-PHLET-EER', n. A writer of pamphlets. 

PAM-PHLET-EER'IXG, a. Writing and publish- 
ing pamphlets. 

PAX, n. A broad vessel depressed in the middle ; 
part of a gun-lock ; hard stratum of earth ; the 
deity of_shepherds. 

PAX-A-Ce'A, n. A universal medicine; an herb. 

PA-Xa'DA.\ n. Bread and water boiled together 

PA-Xa'DO,J and sweetened. 

PaX'CaKE, 11. A thin cake fried in a pan or on a 
griddle. 

PAX'€RE-AS, n. A soft gland of the body, be- 
tween the bottom of the stomach and the verte- 
bras ; the sweetbread. 

PAX-€RL-AT'I€, a. Pertaining to the pancreas. 

PAX-De'AX-PIPES, n. A wind-instrument of 
music made of gradually lessening reeds fastened 
together side by side. 

PAX'DECT, ik A treatise which contains the 
whole of any science ; the digested code of Ro- 
man civil law of Justinian. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; yT'cioes. — « asK; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. + Xot English. 



PAN 



316 



PAE 



PAN-DE-Mo'NI-UM, n. ; pi. Pan-de-mo'ni-ums. 

The council-hall of fallen angels or evil spirits. 
PaN'DER, n. A pimp ; a mean wretch. 
PaN'DER, v. i. To act as an agent for the lusts of 

others. 
PaN'DER, v. t. To pimp or procure for others ; to 
minister to wicked passions or desires. 

PaN'DER-ISM, n. The employment or vices of a 
pander. 

PAN'DOOR, n. A kind of light-infantry soldier 
in the_ Austrian service. 

PaN'DoRE, \n. A musical instrument of the 

PaN'DO-RANJ lute kind. 

PaNE, n. A square or plate of glass ; a piece of 
variegated work, as a counterpane, &c. 

PaKED, a. Variegated ; composed in small 
squares. 

PAN-E-g¥R'I€ (-jlr'ik), n. Formal praise; a eu- 
logy, which see. 

PAN-E-gYR'IG, \ a. Containing praise ; en- 

PAN-E-6Y'R'I€-AL,j comiastic. 

PaN'E-gY-RiZE, v. t. To praise highly ; to com- 
mend. 

PAN'EL, n. A square of wainscot; a roll of ju- 
rors' names; the whole jury. 

PaN'EL, v. t. To form with panels. 

PaN'EL.ED, a. Formed with panels. 

PANG, n. Extreme or sudden paroxysm of ex- 
treme suffering; pain. — Syn. Anguish; agony; 
distress; torture. 

PaNG, v. t. To distress with extreme pain ; to 
cause anguish or torture. 

PAN'IC, n. A sudden fright without cause ; the 
grain of the panic-grass. 

PaN'IG, a. Extreme or sudden ; applied to fright. 

PAN'I-CLE, n. A species of inflorescence, in 
which the flowers are scattered on peduncles, as 
in oats and grass. 

PAN'I-CL.E'D, a. Furnished with panicles. 

PAN'IC-STROCK, a. Struck with a sudden panic 
or fear. 

PA-Ni€_'u-LATE, a. Having flowers in panicles. 

PAN-NaDE', n. The curvet of a horse. 

PaN'NEL, n. A rustic saddle ; a hawk's stomach. 
See Panel. 

PaNN'IER (pan'yer), n. A wicker-basket ; prima- 
rily, a bread-basket to be carried on horses ; in 
architecture, a corbel. 

PAN'O-PLT^D (-plid), a. Completely armed. 

PaN'O-PLY, n. Complete armor for defense. 

PAN-O-Ra'MA, n. Complete view ; a circular 
painting. 

PAN-O-RaM'IC, a. Pertaining to or like a pano- 
rama or complete view. 

PAN-SoPH'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to universal 
knowledge. 

PaN'SO-PHY, n. Universal knowledge. 

PAN'SY.n. A violet of three colors ; heart' s-ease. 

PANT (6), v. i. To beat rapidly, as the heart ; to 
palpitate ; to long or ardently desire. 

PANT, n. A rapid beating or palpitation. 

PAN-TA-LeTS', n. pi. Loose drawers for women 
f and children. 

PAN-TA-LOON', n. A kind of long trowsers ; a 
comic character or buffoon. 

PaN'THE-ISM, n. The doctrine or system that 
the universe is God, 

PaN'THE-IST, 11. One who believes in pantheism. 

PAN-THE-iST'I€, i a. Making the universe 

PAN-THE-iST'IC-AL,f to be God. 

PAN-THe'ON, n. A temple in Rome dedicated to 
all the deities ; in the classics, pan'the-on. 

PaN'THER, n. A spotted ferocious quadruped. 

PANT'ING.a. Breathing quickly ; n. rapid breath- 
ing; longing. 

PAN-To'FLE (pan-too'fl), n. A kind of slipper. 

PAN-ToM'E-TER, n. An instrument to measure 
elevations, angles, and distances. 

PAN'TO-MIME, n. One that imitates by mute 
action ; representation in dumb show. 



PAN-TO-MiM'I€, ? a. Representing charac- 
PAN-TO-MIM'I€-AL, j ters and actions by dumb 

show. 
PaN'TON, \ n. A horse-shoe con- 

PaN'TON-SHoE (-shoo),/" trived to recover a 

narrow and hoof-bound heel. 
PaN'TRY, n. An apartment for provisions. 
PaP, n. A nipple; soft food ; pulp of fruit. 
PA-Pa', n. Father; a word used by children. 
P-A/PA-CY, n. Popedom ; papal authority. 
PA'PAL,_a. Belonging to the Pope ; popish. 
Pa'PAL-IZE, v. t. To make papal. 
Pa'PAL-iZE, v. i. To conform to popery. 
PA-PaV'ER-OUS, a. Resembling poppies. 
PA-PAW, n. A tree and fruit of tropica) coun- 
tries. 
Pa'PER, n. A substance in sheets for writing or 
printing on ; a single sheet, printed or written ; 
any written instrument; a promissory note or 
bill of exchange ; hangings, printed or stamped. 
Pa'PER, a. Made of paper ; thin ; slight. 
Pa'PER, v. t. To hang or cover with paper. 
Pa'PER-CReD'IT, n. Evidences of debt ; prom- 
issory notes, &c, either public or private. 
Pa'PERSD (pn'perd), a. Covered with paper. 
Pa'PER-HANG-INGS, n. pi. Paper ornamented 

with figures for covering the walls of rooms. 
Pa'PER-MaK'ING, n. The art or business of 

manufacturing paper. 
Pa'PER-MILL, n. A mill in which paper is man- 
ufactured, [money. 
Pa'PER-MoN'EY, n. Notes or bills used for 
Pa'PER-STaIN-ER (-stan'er), n. One that stains, 

colors, or stamps paper for hangings. 
PA-PeS'CENT, a. Having the qualifier; of pap. 
+PaPE'TERIE (pap'tree), n. [2<V.] A case con- 
taining materials for writing. 
Pa'PHI-AN (pa'fe-an), a. Pertaining to the rites 

of Venus. 

+PaP'IER-Ma-cHE' (pap'ya-ma-sha), n. [Fr.] 

A substance made of a pulp from rags, &c, and 

cast in a mold, much used for ornamental work. 

PA-PIL-IO-Na'CEOUS (pa-pil-yo-na'shus), a. 

Resembling a butterfly. 
PA-PIL'LA, n. ; pi, Pa-pil'l^s. A small pap or 
nipple; the termination of nerves, as on the 
tongue. 
PaP'IL-LA-RY,\ a. Resembling nipples ; cover- 
PaP'IL-LOUS, J ed with papils or little points. 
+PaP'IL-LoTE, n. [Fr.] A small piece of paper 

on which ladies roll up their hair. 
Pa'PIST, n. An adherent of the Roman Catholic 

religion. 
PA-PIST'I€-AL,1 a. Popish ; belonging to the 
PA-PIST'I€, j Pope. 

Pa'PIST-RY, n. The Roman Catholic religion. 
PAP-POOSE', n. A babe among the Indians. 
PaP'POUS, a. Downy ; containing pappus. 
PaP'PUS, n. Soft, downy substance on seeds. 
PaP'PY, a. Like pap ; soft ; succulent. 
+PaPJu-LJE, n. pi. [L.] Pimples on the skin. 
PaP'u-LoSE, I a. Covered with little vesicles or 
PaP'u-LOUS,]* blisters. 
PA-Py'RUS, n. An Egyptian plant; a kind of 

reed, of which paper was made. 
PaR, n. State of equality ; equal value. 
PA-RX', n. In Turkish money, the fortieth part 

of a piaster, or about one fourth of a cent. 

PAR'A-BLE, n. An allegory designed to instruct. 

PA-RaB'O-LA, n. [£.] The section of a cone 

made by cutting it with a plane parallel to one 

of its sides. 

PA-RaB'O-LE, n. In rhetoric, a similitude - or 

comparison. 
PAR-A-BoL'IC, \ a. Expressed by parallel or 
PAR-A-BoL'I€-AL,j similitude; having the 
form of a parabola, or generated by the rotation 
of a parabola. 
PAR-A-B6L'IC-AL-LY, ad. By way of parable, 
or in the form of a parabola. 



a, e, &c, long. — 1, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; tiieee, teem; mae'lne, hied; move, 



♦ PAR 



317 



PAR 



PAR-A-BGL'I-FORM, a. 

in form. 

PA-KaB'O-LOID, n. The solid generated by the 
rotation of a parabola about its axis. 

PAR-A-CeX'TRI€, X a. Deviating from cir- 

PAR-A-CEX'TRI€-AL,j cularity. 

PA-RACH'RO-XISM, n. An error in chronol- 
ogy. 

PAR'A-cHcTE (-shute), n. In aerostation, an in- 
strument formed like an umbrella, to prevent too 
rapid descent. 

PaRA-€LeTE, m. A comforter; advocate ; inter- 
cessor. [A term applied to the Holy Spirit] 

PA-RaDE', n. A pompous exhibition ; a military 
display; the place for assembling troops. — 3y> - . 
Ostentation. — Parade is a pompous exhibition of | 
things for the purpose of display; ostentation 
now generally indicates a parade of virtues or 
other qualities for which one expects to be hon- 
ored. 

PA-RaDE', v. t. To assemble and arrange, as 
troops ; to exhibit ostentatiously or for show. 

PaR'A-DIG^I (par'a-dim), n. An example; a 
model ; in grammar, an example of a verb con- 
jugated, &c. 

PA-RaD'IXG, n. The act of making a parade. 

PAR'A-DiSE, 11. Garden of Eden; a place of 
bliss; heaven. 

PAR-A-DI-Si'A-€AL, a. Pertaining to Paradise 
or to a place of felicity; suiting or like Para- 
dise. 

PaR'A-DOX, n. A proposition seemingly absurd, 
yet true. 

PAR-A-Df>X'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to paradox; 
inclined to tenets contrary to received opinions. 

PAR-A-DoX'I-€AL-LY, ad. So as to seem ab- 
surd or be opposed to existing belief. 

PAR-A-DoX'I-€AL-XESS, n. State of being par- 
adoxical. 

PAR'AF-FlXE, n. A tasteless, inodorous fatty 
matter from the distillation of beech wood, tar, 
bituminous coal, &c. 

+PAR-A-G5'gE (par-a-go'jy), n. [Gr.] The addi- 
tion of a syllable or letter to the end of a word. 

PAR-A-Gog'I€, X a. Lengthening a word by 

PAR-A-GuG'I€-AL,j adding a letter, &c. 

PAR'A-GOX, n. A model ; pattern by way of dis- 
tinction, implying superior excellence. 

PaR'A-GOX, v. i. To compare ; to parallel. 

PAR'A-GRAM. n. A pun ; play upon words. 

PAR'A-GRAPH, n. A distinct part of a discourse ; 
any portion or section of a writing or chapter 
which relates to a particular point, sometimes 
marked thus If. • 

PaP/A-GRAPH. v. t. To write paragraphs. 

PAR-A-GRaPH'I€, X a. Consisting of para- 

PAR-A-GRAPH'I€-AL,f graphs. 

PAR-A-LEIP'SIS,> n. In rhetoric, a pretended or 

PAR-A-LIP'SIS, j apparent omission. 

PAR-AL-La€'TI€, \a. Pertaining to a paral- 

PAR-AL-LA€'TI€-ALJ lax. 

PAR'AL-LAX, n. In astronomy, the change of 
place in a heavenly body as viewed from differ- 
ent points. 

PaR'AL-LEL, a. Equally distant in every part; 
having the same direction or tendency ; contain- 
ing a resemblance through many particulars. — 
Syn. Equidistant; like; similar; resembling. 

PAR'AL-LEL, n. A line at the same distance from | 
another in all its length ; a line on the globe mark- 
ing the latitude ; comparison made ; resemblance ; 
a line of works drawn by besiegers in making 
their advances. 

PaR'AL-LEL, v. t. To preserve the same direc- 
tion; to resemble in all its essential points. — 
Syx. To correspond ; compare ; liken. 

PAR'AL-LEL-ISM, ii. State of being parallel.— 
Syn. Resemblance ; correspondence ; similarity. 
PAR-AL-LeL'O-GRAM, n. A right-lined figure 
of four sides whose opposite sides are equal. 



Resembling a parabola PAR-AL-LEL-O-GRAM'.MIC, > a. Having the 

AL,/ ] 



PAR-AL-LEL-0-GRAM'MI€- 
a parallelogram. 



properties of 



PAR-AL-LEL-O-Pi'PED, ? n. In geometry, a 

PAR-AL-LEL-0-PIP'E-DON,j regular solid, com- 
prehended under six parallelograms, the opposite 
ones of which are similar, parallel, and equal to 
each other. 

PA-RaL'0-gI$M, n. Reasoning in which a con- 
clusion is drawn from premises that do not war- 
rant it ; fallacious argument. 

PA-RaL'O-gY, n. False reasoning. 

PA-RAL'Y-SIS, n. Literally, a loosening; hence, 
loss or abolition of function, whether of intellect, 
sensation, or muscular motion ; palsy. 

P A.R- -Y-LT'T'IC X 

P A.R-A-LYT'I€-AL f a ' "^fect^ '""ith palsy. 

PAR-A-L?T'I€, n. One who has lost the power 
of muscular motion or who has the palsy. 

PAR'A-LTZE, v. t. To affect with palsy; to de- 
prive of the power of muscular motion. 

PaR'A-LTZ^D, a. Affected with the palsy ; be- 
numbed, [tion. 

PaR'A-LTZ-IXG, a. Palsying; destroying func- 

PAR'A-MOUXT, a. Superior to all others ; of the 
highest order. — Sy>\ Chief; eminent; principal; 
supreme. 

PAR'A-MOUXT, «. The chief; the highest in 
rank. 

PAR'A-AIoUR (par'a-moor), n. A lover ; mistress. 

PAR'A-XYMPH, n. A brideman ; a supporter. 

PaR'A-PET, n. In foi'tijication, a wall or ram- 
part for defense. 

PAR-A-PHeR'XA, I n. pi. Goods of a wife 

PAR-A-PHER-Xa'LI-A,J beyond her dower; 
appendages; ornaments; trappings, &c. 

PAR-A-PHeR'XAL (13), a. Pertaining to or con- 
sisting in paraphernalia. 

PaR'A-PHRaSE (par'a-fraze), n. A copious ex- 
planation of some text or passage. 

PaR'A-PHRaSE, v. t. or v. i. To explain, inter- 
pret, or translate with latitude; to unfold with 
more clearness the sense of an author. 

PAR'A-PHRAST (-frast), n. One who interprets 
diffusely. 

PAR-A-PHRaST'IC, I a. Ample in explana- 

PAR-A-PI1EAST'I€-AL,{" tion. 

PAR'A-PLf-GY^' } n - Palsy of tbe lower limbs - 

PAR-A-QUeT' (par-a-ketO,T n. A small species 

PAR-A-QUi'TO (-ke'to), f of parrot. 

PAR'A-SAXG, n. A Persian measure of length, 
equal to nearly four miles. 

PAR-A-SCeXE', X n. Among the Romans, the 

PAR-A-SCe'XI-UAT,] actors' dressing or green- 
room, back of the theater. 

PAR-A-SE-Le'XE, n. A circle round the moon ; 
a mock moon. 

PAR'A-SiTE, n. Literally, an eater with ; hence, 
a hanger-on ; one who fawns on the rich ; in bot- 
any, a plant that grows and lives on another. — " 
Sy>\ Sycophant. 

PAR-A-SiT'I€, X a. Having the characteris- 

PAR-A-SiT'I€-AL,j tics of a parasite. 

PAR'A-SOL, n. A small umbrella used by fe- 
males. 

PAR-A-SOL-ETTE', n. A sun-shade. 

PA-RATH'E-SIS, n. In grammar, apposition ; a 
parenthetical notice in brackets, thus [ ]. 

PaR'BOIL, v. t. To boil partly or in a moderate 
degree ; to cause little vesicles on the skin by 
heat. 

PaR'CEL, n. A small bundle ; part; portion. 

PaR'CEL, v. t. To divide into portions or parts ; 
with seamen, to wind tightly with strips of tarred 
canvas, as a rope. 

PaR'CE-XA-EY, 11. Coheirship; joint inherit- 
ance. 

PaR'CE-XER (piir'se-ner), n. A coheir; a copar- 
cener. 



dove, "wolf, book ; el'le, bcll ; vi"ciotjS. — e as k ; g as j ; s as z ; cu as sn ; Tins. + Sot English. 



PAR 



318 



PAR 



PXRCH, v. i. To burn the surface of; to scorch; 
to dry to extremity ; v. i. to be scorched or burn- 
ed on the surface ; to become very dry. 

PXRCH'ING, a. Having the quality of burning 
or scorching. 

PXRCH'MENT, n. The skin of a sheep or goat 
dressed or prepared for writing on. 

PXRD, n. The leopard ; a spotted beast. 

PXR'DON (piir'dn), n. Forgiveness; the release 
of an offender; remission of penalty. See For- 
giveness. 

PaR'DON (piir'dn), v. t. To grant forgiveness or 
remission of penalty. — Syn. To absolve; acquit; 
clear ; forgive ; excuse ; remit. 

PXR'DON-A-BLE (par'dn-a-bl), a. That may be 
forgiven, overlooked, or passed by. — Syn. Venial ; 
excusable. [donable. 

PXR'DON-A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of being par- 

PXR'DON-A-BLY, ad. So as to admit of pardon. 

PXR'DON-ER, n. One who forgives or absolves. 

PXR'DON-ING, a. Forgiving; absolving from 
punishment. 

PARE (4), v. t. To cut off the surface; to shave 
off with a sharp instrument ; to diminish bv lit- 
tle and little. 

PAR-E-GoR'I€, n. A medicine that mitigates 
pain ; a. mitigating ; assuaging pain. 

PAR'ENT (4), n. A father or mother ; that which 
produces. — Syn. Cause; source ; origin ; producer; 
creator. 

PAR'ENT-AgE, n. Birth ; extraction ; descent. 

PA-ReNT'AL, a. Pertaining to or suitable for 
parents; affectionate. 

PA-ReN'THE-SIS, n. ; pi. Pa-ren'the-ses. A 
sentence or phrase put in brackets ( ). 

PAR-EN-THeT'IC, t a. Pertaining to a pa- 

PAR-EN-THeT'I€-AL,J ren thesis; included in 
a parenthesis ; using parentheses. 

PAR-EN-TH£T'I€-AL-LY, ad. In a parenthesis. 

PA-ReNT'I-CiDE, n. One who kills a parent ; the 
murder of a father or mothei*. 

PAR'ENT-LESS, a. Destitute of parents. 

PAR'ER, n. One who pares ; a tool for paring. 

PXR'gET (par'jet), n. Rough plaster ; plaster on 
walls. 

PXR'gET, v. t. To plaster, as walls ; to paint. 

PXR'gET-ER, n. A plasterer. [teor. 

PXR-HeL'ION (-hel'yun), n. A mock sun or me- 

Pa'RI-AH, n. The name of the lowest class in 
Hindostan. 

Pa'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Paros in Greece. 

Pa'RI-AN, n. A composition used for statuettes, 
&c, in imitation of marble. 

PA-RI'E-TAL, a. Pertaining to or within the 
walls of a building; the parietal bones form the 
sides and upper part of the skull, defending the 
brain like walls. [ing. 

PAR'ING (4), n. Rind or skin cut off; act of par- 

PAR'ISH, n. District of a priest ; a religious so- 
ciety. 

PAR'ISH, a. Pertaining to a parish. 

PA-RISH'ION-ER, n. One belonging to a parish. 

PA-RiS'IAN (pa-rizh'yan), n. A native or resi- 
dent in Paris. 

PAR-I-8YL-LAB'I€, ? a. Having like sylla- 

PAR-I-SYL-LAB'I€-AL,f bles. 

PAR'I-TOR, n. A beadle; a summoner. 

PAR'I-TY, n. Likeness in condition, degree, &c. ; 
equality. 

PARK, n. A large inclosed piece of ground used 
for keeping deer or for public amusements. A 
park of artillery is an assemblage of the heavy 
ordnance belonging to an army. 

PARK, v. t. To form or inclose in a park. 

FXRK'ER, n. The keeper of a park. 

PXR'LANOE, n. Talk ; conversation. 

PaR'LEY, n. Conference ; oral treaty. 

PXR'LEY, v. i. To confer together ; to treat with 

an enemy. 
PXR'LIA-MENT (par'le-ment), n. The English 



legislative assembly, consisting of the two houses 
of Lords and Commons. 

PAR-LI-A-MENT-X'RI-AN, n. One who adhered 
to the Parliament in the time of Charles I. 

PXR-LIA-MeNT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to Parlia- 
ment; enacted or done by Parliament; accord- 
ing to the usage of legislative bodies. 

PXR'LOR, n. A room for conversation ; the room 
a family usually occupies. 

PXR-NAS'SUS, n. A mountain in Greece sacred 
to Apollo and the Muses. 

PA-Ro'€HI-AL (pa-ro'ke-al), a. Belonging to a 
parish. 

PaR'O-DIST, n. One who writes a parody. 

PaR'O-DY, n. A change or different application 
of words ; a burlesque alteration by which poetry 
written on one subject is applied to another. 

PAR'O-DY, v. t. To alter, asVerses or words, to a 
different purpose from the original; to carica- 
ture or give a burlesque imitation. 

PA-RoL', \ a. Given by word of mouth, as pa- 

PA-RoLE',j rol evidence ; not written. 

PA-RoLE',( n. Word of mouth ; pleadings ; 

PA-RoL', j" pledge to return by a prisoner re- 
leased ; watchword in camp or garrison. 

PAR-O-NO-Ma'SIA,^ n. A pun ; a play upon 

PAR-O-NoM'A-SY, j words. 

PAR'O-QUET, n. A small kind of parrot. 

PA-RoT'ID, a. Noting glands below and before 
the ears. 

PXR'OX-YSM, n. Periodical return of a fit. 

PAR-OX- YS'MAL, a. Pertaining to paroxysms; 
caused by fits or paroxysms. 

PAR'QUET-RY, n. The inlaying of small pieces 
of wood in a floor of different figures. 

PAR-RI-CI'DAL, a. Consisting in parricide ; com- 
mitting parricide. 

PAR'RI-ClDE, n. One who murders his parent ; 
the crime of murdering a parent. 

PAR'ROT, n. A bird of rich plumage, remarkable 
for imitating the human voice. 

PAR'RY, v. t. To ward off; to turn aside ; to pre- 
vent a blow from taking effect ; to avoid ; v. i. to 
put by thrusts or strokes ; to fence. 

PARSE, v. t. To resolve a sentence into its parts 
by rules of grammar, or show their relations by 
government or agreement. 

PAR'SEE, n. A Persian fire-worshiper. 

PXR'SEE-ISM, n. The religion of the Parsees. 

PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Sparing in the use or ex- 
penditure of money. — Syn. Covetous ; niggardly; 
miserly; penurious; avaricious, which see. 

PXR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, ad. Sparingly. 

PXR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Disposition to save 
expense. 

PXR'SI-MO-NY, n. Closeness or sparingness in 
the use of money. See Economy. 

PXRS'ING, n. The act or art of resolving a sen- 
tence into its elements. 

PXRS'LEY (piirs'ly), n. A plant used in cookery. 

PXRS'NIP i n ' A Pl anfc ; an esculent root. 

PXR'SON (par'sn), n. The priest of a parish ; a 
clergyman. 

PXR'SON-AgE (par'sn-aje), n. The house belong- 
ing to a parish or ecclesiastical society, occupied 
by the minister. 

PXRT, n. The leading idea is that of a portion as 
compared with a whole, as part of the human 
body; hence, share, as "for my part;'" side, as 
to take one's part, &c. ; &c. In the plural, parts 
is used for superior abilities. See. Poktion. 

PXRT, v. t. To divide ; to share ; to separate ; to 
quit ; v. i. to be separated or detached ; to quit or 
go away ; to have a share ; to be torn asunder ; 
to bid farewell. 

PXR-TaKE', v. t To take or have a part; to 
share. 

PXR-TAK'ER, n. One who shares; an accom- 
plice ; a participator. 



1, 1, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short.— cake, fab, last, fall, what ; these, teem ; marine, bird ; move, 



PAE 



119 



PAS 



PXR-TaK'ING, n. Combination ; unison in a de- 
sign. 

PXHT 'ED, a. Separated; divided; severed. 

PXR-TfiREE' (12) (par-tare'), n. A flower-garden ; 
the pit of a theater. 

PXR'THE-NON, n. A celebrated Grecian temple 
of Minerva. 

PXR'TIAL (piir'shal), a. Including a part only; 
biased to one side ; subordinate. 

PaR-TIaL'I-TY (-shal'e-ty), n. Undue bias in fa- 
vor of one party. 

PXR'TTAL-LY, ad. In part only; with bias. 

PaRT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of severance 
or division. 

PaRT'I-BLE, a. That may be severed ; divisible. 

PaR-TiC'I-PA-BLE (-tis'e-pa-bl), a. That may be 
participated. 

PaR-TiC'I-PANT, a. Sharing; partaking; n. 
one having a. share or part. 

PaR-TiC'I-PaTE, v. t. To share; to partake; v. i. 
to have a share in common with others ; to have 
a part in more things than one. 

PaR-TiC'I-PA-TiVE, a. Capable of participating. 

PaR-TIC'I-Pa-TOR, n. One who partakes. 

PaR-TI-CiP'I-AL, a. Having the nature and use 
of a participle ; formed from a participle. 

PXR-TI-CiP'I-AL-LY, ad. In the sense or man- 
ner of a participle. 

PXR'TI-CI-PLE, n. A word partaking of the prop- 
erties of a noun and a verb ; sometimes it loses 
those of a verb and becomes an adjective. 

PaR'TI-CLE (piir'te-kl), n. A minute portion of 
matter or part of what forms the body or whole 
mass ; a word not varied. 

PXR'TI-€oL'OR-&' D. See Pabty-coloked. 

PXR-TiG'u-LAR, n. The leading idea is, standing 
alone or distinct from others, as & particular in- 
dividual, and hence remarkably nice or attentive 
to minute points, as very particular in dress, &c. ; 
singular^ minute, which see. 

PaR-TiC'u-LAR, n. An individual or person; 
point or circumstance. 

PaR-TIC-u-LAR'I-TY, n. Something peculiar; 
single instance; part; distinct notice or specifi- 
cation of particulars ; something relating to sin- 
gle persons; minuteness of detail. 

PaR-TiC'u-LAR-iZE, v. t. To name particulars ; 
to mention distinctly. 

PaR-TiC'u-LAR-IZE, v. i. To be attentive to 
single things. [pe dally. 

PXR-TiCu-LAR-LY, ad. Distinctly: singly; es- 

PXRT'ING, n. Separation; a breaking. 

PaRT'INO, a. Given at separation ; departing; 
declining. 

PXR'TI-SAN, n. A party-man ; head of a party ; 
one dextrous in operating against an enemy ; a 
kind of pike or halberd. — Syn. Adherent ; fol- 
lower; disciple. 

PXR'TI-SAN, a. Denoting those employed in ir- 
regular warfare on outposts. 

PXR'T I-SAN-SHIP, n. The state of being parti- 
san ; adherence to a party. 

PXR'TXTE, a. Divided; separated into parts. 

PXR-Tl'TlON (-tish'un), n. The act of dividing ; 
division ; that which separates ; part where the 
separation is made. 

PXR-TFTION (-tish'un), v. t. To divide into dis- 
tinct parts or shares. [titive. 

PXR'TI-TIVE, a. Distributive, as a noun par- 

PXR'TI-TiVE-LY, ad. In a partitive manner ; 
distributively. 

PXRT'LET, n. A band or collar for the neck, 
which was formerly worn by women ; a hen. 

PXRT'LY, ad. In part ; in some measure. 

PaRT'NER, n. One who partakes or shares with 
another; associate in business; a joint owner of 
stocks ; one who dances with another ; a husband 
or wife. — Syn. Associate; colleague; confederate; 
companion. 
PXRT'NERSS, n. pi. In a ship, pieces of plank 



nailed round on the deck where the masts or 
pumps are placed, to strengthen against their 
pressure, &c. 

PXRT'NER-SHIP, n. Union or association of two 
or more in business: joint interests. — Syn. Com- 
pany; association; society; combination. 

PXR'TRIDgE,h. Aname given to different birds; 
in New England, the ruffed grouse; in some of 
the other states, the quail of New England. 

PXR'TRIDgE-WOOD, n. A variegated tropical 
wood. 

PXR-Tu'RI-ENT, a. Bringing forth young. 

PXR-TU-RP'TION (-rish'un), n. The state of be- 
ing about to bring forth or the act of bringing 
forth issue. 

PaR'TY, n. A number of persons united in oppo- 
sition to others; a select assembly; one of two 
litigants; a detachment of troops; one concerned 
or interested in an affair; company invited to an 
entertainment ; a single individual spoken of 
with reference to others. 

PaR'TY, a. Devoted to a special interest, object, 
or cause: peculiar. [colors. 

PXR'TY-€0L'OR2?D, a. Having a diversity of 

PXR'TY-MAN, n. An adherent to a party. 

PXR'TY-SPIR'IT, n. The spirit that animates a 
party. 

PXR'TY-WALL, n, A wall that separates build- 
ings or one house from the next. 

*PXR'VE-Nu, n. IFr.'] An upstart; one lately 
come into notice. 

+PXS (pii), n. [Fr.] Step ; right of precedence. 

PaS'CHAL (pas'kal), a. Pertaining to the Pass- 
over. 

PA-SHA', \n. A Turkish governor ; a com- 

PA-SHAW',j mander; a bashaw. 

PA-SIIAW'LIC, n. The jurisdiction of a pashaw. 

PA-SiG'RA-PHY, n. A system of universal writ- 
ing that all nations may understand. 

PaS'QUIL, 

PaS'QUIN,, 

PAS-QUIN-aDE', n. A satirical writing ; v.t.to 
lampoon. 

PASS (G), v. t. The leading idea is to cause onward 
motion, as to pans a thing forward ; hence, to go 
over or beyond, as to pass a river ; to utter or 
pronounce, as to p> ass sentence ; to approve or 
sanction, as to pass a bill, &c, <Src. 

PASS, v. i. The leading idea is that of transition 
from one place, state, &c, into another; hence, 
to move onward, as the man 2 ja ^ e s; to be cur- 
rent, as bank-notes pass ; to vanish, as time 
passes; to go through a legislative body, as the 
bill passes, &c.,&c. 

PASS, n. A passage ; license to pass ; a thrust; a 
term for a manipulation in mesmerism; state; 
condition; extremity. 

PASS'A-BLE,tf. That may be passed; receivable; 
popular; tolerable. 

PaSS'A-BLY, ad. Tolerably. 

+PAS-Sa'DO, n. A pass ; push ; thrust. 

PaS'SAgE, n. The act of passing from one place 
to another; way by which we pass; time occu- 
pied in passing, as a passage of five days; an oc- 
currence, i. e., something that passes; a pass or 
encounter, as a passage at arms ; part of a book 
or writing; part of a building which gives access 
to the different apartments ; the enactment of a 
law. — Syn. Passing. — In America, we speak of 
the passage of a bill through a legislative body; 
in England, they always say the passing of a bill 
or act. 
PaSS'-BOOK, n. A book in which a merchant 
enters articles bought on credit for the knowl- 
edge of the buyer. 
PASSED,) a. Gone by; enacted; done; re- 
PAST, j ccived. 

PAS'SEN-gER, n. One that passes ; one that trav- 
els by some established conveyance, as in a ship, 
&c. 



A lampoon ; satiric writing. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; EULE, BULL 



CIOU8. — € as K 



z ; en as bh ; this. * 2sot English. 



PAS 



320 



PAT 



PAS-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. Quality of being passible. 

PAS'SI-BLE, a. Capable of being passed ; tolera- 
ble, [where. 

+PAS'SIM, ad. [L.] Here and there and every 

PASSTNG, a. Having the quality of exceeding ; 
remarkable. 

PASS'INGr (6), n. Act of passing or going past. 
See Passage. 

PASS'ING-BeLL, n. The bell that rings at the 
time of the death of a person. 

PAS'SION (pash'un), n. That which is suffered ; 
suffering ; peculiarly, the sufferings of our Sav- 
ior ; feeling or agitation of the mind ; violent 
anger, &c. ; desire; love. — Syn. Feeling; emo- 
tion. — When any feeling or emotion completely 
masters the mind, we call it & passion, as & passion 
for music, dress, &c. ; especially is anger (when 
thus extreme) called passion. The mind, in such 
cases, is considered as having lost its self-control, 
and become the passive instrument of the feeling 
in question. 

PAS'SION-ATE (pash'un-), a. Easily excited to 
anger ; noting strongly excited feeling. 

PAS'SION-ATE-LY (pash'un-), ad. In an angry 
or vehement manner. 

PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. Aptness to be in a pas- 
sion ; vehemence of mind. 

PAS'SION-FLOW-ER (pash'un-), n. A plant and 
flower, so called because parts of the flower are 
thought to resemble the instruments by which 
the Savior suffered. 

PAS'SION-LESS, a. Void of passion ; calm. 

PAS'SION-WEEK (pash'un-), n. The week im- 
mediately preceding the festival of Easter. 

PAS'SIVE, a. Not acting ; receiving impressions 
from external objects; not opposing. — Syn. Inac- 
tive; suffering; unresisting; patient. 

PAS'SiVE-LY, ad. Without resistance ; in a pa- 
tient manner. 

PAS'SiVE-NESS, n. Quality of receiving impres- 
sions; patience; submission. 

PAS-SlV'I-TY, n. The tendency of a body to con- 
tinue in a given state, either of motion or rest, 
unless disturbed by another body. 

PASS'LESS (6), a. Having no passage. 

PASS'O-VER, n. A feast of the Jews, commemo- 
rating the passing over of their houses when the 
first-born of the Egyptians were slain ; the sacri- 
fices offered at this feast. 

PASS'PoRT, n. Literally, a permission to pass 
and carry. In some countries, a document from 
the police, without which no one is allowed to 
travel; figuratively, that which gives easy ad- 
mission or access, as a passport to good society. 

PAST, n. Time gone by. 

PAST, prep. Beyond in time, degree, &c. ; out of 
reach ; after. 

PaSTE, n. A soft, sticky composition, as of flour, 
&c, moistened; an imitation of precious stones ; 
the substance in which minerals are imbedded. 

PASTE, v._t. To unite or cement with paste. 

PaSTE'BoARD, n. A species of thick paper ; bon- 
net paper. 

PaST'ED, a. Cemented with paste. 

PAS'TEL, n. A plant ; the woad. 

PAS'TERN, n. Part of a horse's leg between the 
joint next the foot and hoof. 

PAS'TIL, \ n. A colored crayon; a 

PAS-Ti'LLE' (-teel'),| kind of confectionery; a 
fragrant composition burned to perfume rooms. 

PAS'TIME (6), n. That which amuses or serves 
to make the time pass more agreeably. — Syn. 
Entertainment; play; diversion; amusement. 

PAS'TOR, n. A shepherd ; minister of a church. 

PAS'TOR-AL, a. Rural; pertaining to or descrip- 
tive of shepherds ; relating to the care of souls. 

PAS'TOR-AL, n. A poem on rural affairs; an 

idyl : a bucolic. 
*PAS-TO-Ra'LE (-rii'le), n. [Ji.] A musical com- 
position in a soothing, tender style. 



PAS'TOR-ATE, n. The office or state of a pastor. 

PAS'TOR-LIKE,T „ T .. . 

PAS'TOR-LY f -Lake or becoming a pastor. 

PAS'TOR- SHIP, n. The office of a pastor. 

PaS'TRY, n. Pies; tarts; cake, and the like ; the 
place where they are made. 

PaS'TRY-COOK, n. One whose occupation is to 
make_and sell pies, cakes, &c. 

PAST'uR-AgE, n. The business of grazing cat- 
tle ; feed for cattle ; land for pasturing. 

PAST'uRE (past'yur), v. t. To feed with grass; 
to supply grass for food. [cattle. 

PAST'uRE, n. Land used for grazing ; grass for 

PAST'uRE,' v. i. To graze; to feed on grass. 

PaS^TY, a. Lik£ paste or dough. 

PaS'TY, n. A pie" made of paste and baked with- 
out a dish. 

PAT, a. Fit ; exact ; ready. 

PAT, ad. Fitly. [gers or hand. 

PAT, v. t. To tap ; to touch lightly with the fin- 

PAT, n. A/light blow with the hand; a small 
mass beat into shape by pats, as &pat of butter. 

PATCH, n. A piece of cloth, &c, for repairing a 
garment ; a small piece of ground ; a small piece 
of silk used for covering a defect on the face. 

PATCH, v. t. To put a patch on ; to mend ; to re- 
pair clumsily; to make up of pieces; to make 
suddenly or without regard to forms. 

PATCHED (patcht), a. Mended with a patch or 
clumsily. 

PATCH'ER, n. One who patches; a botcher. 

PATCH'WoRK (-wiirk), n. Bits of cloth sewed 
together ; work composed of pieces clumsily put 
together. 

PaTE, n. Head — now used in ridicule. 

PA-TEE', \ n. In heraldry, a cross small in the 

PAT-TEE', f center and widening to broad ex- 
tremities. 

PAT-E-F ACTION, n. The act of opening. 

+PA-TeL'LA, n. ; pi. Pa-tel'la$ or Pa-tel'l^:. 
[L.] The knee-pan; a shell-fish with one valve; 
a small vase. [saucer. 

PA-TkL'LI-FORM, a. Of the form of a dish or 

PAT'EN,? n. The plate or vessel on which the 

PAT'IN, j consecrated bread is placed. 

Pa'TENT, a. Open ; public ; spreading ; open to 
the perusal of all, as letters-patent ; conspicuous. 

PAT'ENT, n. Grant of an exclusive right to an 
invention for a term of years. 

PAT'ENT, a. Belonging or pertaining to patents, 
as 2X«ten£-office, laws, &c. 

PAT'ENT, v. t. To make a public grant of; to 
secure the exclusive right of a thing to a person, 
as to patent an invention to the author. 

PAT'ENT-ED, a. Granted by patent ; secured by 
patent or by law, as an exclusive privilege. 

PAT-ENT-EE', n. One to whom a patent is grant- 
ed, or privilege secured by patent. 

PAT'ENT-oF'FiCE, n. An office for the granting 
of patents for inventions. 

PA-TeR'NAL (13), a. Pertaining to or derived 
from a father ; fatherly ; hereditary. 

PA-TeR'NI-TY, n. The relation of a father. 

*Pa'TER NoS'TER, n. [I/.] The Lord's Prayer. 

PATH, n. ; pi. Paths (piithz). A way trod or 
beaten by man or beast ; course of motion or of 
life. — Syn. Course; track; rules; direction. 

PATH, v. t. To beat or tread into a path, as snow ; 
to cause to go. 

PATH, v. i. To walk abroad. 

PA-THeT'IC, n. Style or manner adapted to 
awaken the tender emotions ; in painting or 
sculpture, the expression of the softer or more 
sorrowful passions. 

PA-THeT'IC, 1 a. Affecting or adapted to 

PA-THeT'I€-AL,j move the passions. — Syn. 
Affecting; moving; touching. 

PA-THeT'I€-AL-LY, ad. So as to excite feeling. 

PA-THeT'IC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of mov- 
ing the tender passions ; pathos ; earnestness. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fab, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mae'ine, bied; move, 



PAT 



521 



PAY 



PATH'E-TI$\T, n. A name for mesmerism. 

PXTH'LESS, a. Having no path ; untrod. 

PA-THoG-XO-MoX'IC, a. Indicating that which 
is inseparable from disease. 

PA-THoG'NO-MY, n. The science of the pas- 
sions. 

PATLI-0-r.f)(Vl€, \ a. Pertaining to pathol- 

PATH-(>-Lo6'I€-AL,J ogy. 

PA-TH6I/0-6 Y, n. The science of diseases, their 
causes, &c. 

Pa'THOS, n. Warmth ; that which excites feel- 
ing, especially tender emotions. 

PaTH'NVaY, n. A path; way; course. 

Pa'TIBNCE (pa'shenee), n. Calmness of spirit 
under trials; a suffering j^thout discontent; 
constancy in labor or extr^Pi. — Sy>\ Resigna- 
tion, t— Patience refers to the quietness or self- 
possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, 
provocations, &c. : resignation to his submission 
to the will of another. The stoic may be patient; 
the Christian is both patient and resigned. 

Pa'TIENT (pa'shent), a. Enduring without mur- 
muring; not easily provoked- persevering; not 
hasty. 

Pa'TIENT, n. A person or thing that receives 
impressions; a person suffering disease. 

Pa'TIENT-LY, ad. Without discontent; calmly. 

+PaT'OIS (patfwaw), n. \_F>\~\ A provincialism. 

Pa'TRI-aRCH, n. A distinguished character 
among the Jews; the father and rnler of a fam- 
ily; a dignitary of the Church superior to arch- 
bishop. 

PA-TRI-XR€H'AL, a. Pertaining to a patriarch. 

PA-TRI-ARt'H'ATE.) n. The office, dignity, or 

Pa'TRI-aR€II-Y, j jurisdiction of a patri- 
arch. 

PA-TRi"CIAN (-trish'an), a. Of noble family or 
state. 

PA-TRi"CIAX (-trish'an), n. One of a noble fam- 
ily; a nobleman. 

PAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL, a. Derived by inheritance. 

PAT'RI-MO-XY, n. An estate derived from a fa- 
ther or other ancestor; a church estate. 

Pa'TRI-OT, n. One who loves his country or de- 
fends its interests. 

Pa'TRI-OT, \ a. Having love of one's coun- 

Pa-TRI-oT'I€,J try ; devoted to the welfare of 
the community ; full of patriotism. 

Pa'TRI-OT-ISM, n. Love of one's country. 

PA-TRtS'TI€, t a. Pertaining to the" Chris- 

PA-TPAS'TIt'-AL,j tian fathers. 

PA-TRoL', n. A walking round for protection, as 
of a guard in a camp or garrison ; a sending out 
for observation ; the guard itself. 

PA-TRoL', v. i. To go the rounds in a camp or 
garrison ; to make observation. 

Pa'TROX, n. One who countenances or protects 
a person or cause; one who has the gift of a ben- 
efice. — Sto. Advocate; protector. — The title pa- 
troon (Dutch for patron) was given in the State 
of Xew York to the first proprietors of certain 
tracts of land over which they possessed manori- 
al privileges. 

PAT'ROX-A6E, n. Support; protection; guard- 
ianship. 

Pa'TROX-ES3, n. A female patron. 

PAT'ROX-IZE, v. t To give countenance, aid, or 
defense. — Syn. To support; favor; aid; defend; 
uphold. [ports. 

PAT'ROX-iZ-ER, n. One who favors and sup- 

PaT'ROX-IZ-IXG, a. Defending ; sustaining ; fa- 
voring; promoting. 

PAT-RO-X?MT€, n. A name derived from an- 
cestors. 

PaT'TEX, n. The base of a column ; a wooden 
shoe with an iron ring to keep it from the 
ground. 

PAT'TER, v. i. To strike, as drops of rain or hail. 

PAT'TER-IXG, n. A striking with quick succes- 
sion of sounds, as rain or hail. 



PaT'TERX, n. A model for imitation ; quantity 
of cloth sufficient for a garment, as a vest-pat- 
tern. 

PaT'TERX', v. t. To copy; to serve as example; 
to pattern after, to imitate ; to follow. 

PaT'TY, n. A little pie. 

PAT'TY-PAX, 11. A pan to bake a little pie in. 

PAU'CI-TY, n. Fewness; smallness of quantity. 

PAU'LlXE, a. Pertaining to Paul. 

PAUXCH, ii. The belly and its contents. 

PAUXCH, v. t. To rip the belly and take out its 
contents. 

PAU'PER, n. A poor person; one supported by 
the public. 

PAU'PER-ISM, n. Requiring maintenance, as a 
pauper; state of being poor. See Poverty. 

PAU'PER-iZE, v. t. To reduce to pauperism. 

PAUSE (pauz), n. A cessation of action or speak- 
ing ; a mark of cessation. 

PAUSE, v. i. To cease to act or speak ; to be in- 
termitte 1. — Stn. To stop; stay; wait; delay; 
tarry ; hesitate ; demur, &c. 

PAUS'ER, n. One that pauses or deliberates. 

PaV'AX, n. A grave or stately dance among the 
Spaniards. 

PaVE, v. t. To lay or cover with stones or bricks ; 
to prepare a way or passage. 

*Pa-YE' (pii-va'), n. [Fr.] A pavement. 

PaY-ED, a. Laid over with stones or bricks, as a 
street, &c. ; prepared, as a way. 

PaYE'MEXT, n. A layer of stones, bricks, or 
other solid materials; paved way. 

PaV'ER, I n. One who lays stone for a floor or 

PaY'IER,j pavement. 

Pa'YI-AgE, n. A contribution or tax for paving 
streets or highways. 

PA-YIL'IOX T (pa-vil'yun), n. A large handsome 
tent; a building usually with a dome; v. t. to 
furnish with tents ; to shelter. 

PaY'IXG, n. The act of laying a pavement; a 
pavement ; paved floor. 

PAVTORjpav'yur), n. A person who paves. 

PaY'O-XiXE, a. Resembling the tail of a pea- 
cock; iridescent. 

PAW. n. The foot of a beast ; the hand [in con- 
tempt]. 

PAW, v. t. To scrape with the fore foot ; to han- 
dle roughly ; to scratch ; to fawn. 

PAW, v. i. To scrape with the foot ; to draw the 
foot along the ground. 

PAWjED (pawd), a. Having paws; broad-footed. 

PAWL, n. A detent or click to check the back- 
ward revolution of a wheel, windlass, &c. 

PAWN, 11. A pledge deposited as security for pay- 
ment of money or fulfillment of promise ; goods, 
chattels, or money, but not real estate ; a common 
man at chesa 

PAWN, v. t. To pledge ; to leave as security for 
money borrowed or a promise to be fulfilled. 

PAW T X'BRi3-KER, n. One who lends money on 
pledge or the deposit of goods. 

PAWX'BRu-KIXG, n. The business of a pawn- 
broker. 

PAWX'ER, n. One who deposits a pledge. 

PAW-PAW', 11. A shrub found in some parts of 
America. 

PAX, n. A little image which people before the 
Reformation used to kiss after the service. 

PAX'- WAX. See Pack- wax. 

PaY (pa), v. t. [_pre£. and_pp. Paid.] To discharge, 
as a debt or duty; to retort upon another an in- 
jury received; to daub or besmear with tar, &c, 
as a ship's bottom, &c. — Sym. To fulfill ; reward; 
■ recompense ; return. 

PaY (pii), v. i. To recompense. 

PaY (pa), n. An equivalent given for money due, 
goods purchased, or services performed. — Syn. 
Compensation reward. 

PaY'A-BLE (pa'a-bl), a. That may, ought, or is 
to be paid ; due. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK; BULK, BULL; 



vi cious. — € as k : g as j 
X 



s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + Xot English. 



PAY 



PEC 



PaY'DaY (pu'dii), n. A day when payment is to 
be made. 

PaY-EE', n. One to whom a note is made paya- 
ble or to whom money is to be paid. 

PaY'ER, n. One who pays or is bound to pay. 

PaY'ING, n. A sea term for smearing a mast, 
yard, &c, with tar, pitch, &c. 

PaY'MaS-TER, n. One who is to pay; an officer 
who pays. 

PaY'MENT, n. Act of paying; thing given in 
discharge of debt, fulfillment of a promise, or a 
reward. — Syn. Pay; compensation; wages. 

PaY'NIM, n. See Painim. 

PaY'-oF-FiCE, n. A place where payment is 
made of public debts. 

PeA (pe), n. ; pi. Peas or Pease (peez), n. A 
plant and its fruit, of many varieties, cultivated 
for food. 

PeACE, n. State of quiet; freedom from war or 
disturbance; heavenly rest. — Syn. Tranquillity; 
calmness; harmony; rest. 

PEACE, ex. or a noun, with a verb understood. A 
word commanding silence ; hist. 

PEACE'A-BLE, a. Disposed to peace ; in the spir- 
it of peace. — Syn. Peaceful. — Peaceable describes 
the state of an individual, nation, &c, in refer- 
ence to external hostility, attack, &c. ; peaceful, 
in respect to internal disturbance. The former 
denotes "in the spirit of peace; 1 ' the latter, "in 
the possession or enjoyment of peace." — A peace- 
able disposition ; a peaceable adjustment of diffi- 
culties; a peaceful life. 

PEACE'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being 
peaceable; disposition to peace; quietness; tran- 
quillity. 

PEACE'A-BLY, ad. In a quiet manner; undis- 
turbedly. 

PeACE'FUL, a. Not in a state of war or commo- 
tion ; removed from noise or tumult. — Syn. Calm ; 
quiet ; peaceable, which see. 

PEACE'FUL-LY, ad. Quietly; calmly. 

PeACE'FUL-NESS, n. • Freedom from tumult. 

PeACE'-MaK-EK, n. One who restores peace. 

PEACE'-oF-FER-ING, n. An offeiing to procure 
peace or express thanks. 

PEACE'-6F-FI-CER, n. A civil officer to keep 
the peace. 

PeACH. n. A delicious juicy fruit. 

PEACIli v. i. This old verb is now superseded by 
impeach, except among thieves, &c, in England, 
who use it for inform against ; it occurs frequent- 
ly in the novels of Scott. 

PEACH'-COL-OR, n. The faint pink color of the 
peach-blossom. [ing. 

PEACH'-WOOD, n. A kind of wood used in dye- 

PEA'COCK,'?i. A fowl of beautiful plumage and 
harsh voice. 

PEA'HEN, n. The female of the peacock. 

PEA'-JaCK-ET, n. A thick woolen jacket. 

PEAK (peek), n. The top of a hill; a point; the 
end of any thing terminating in a point. 

PEAK'ED (pe'ked or peekt), a. Ending in a point. 

PEAK'ISH, a. Having features that look thin or 
sharp from sickness. 

PEAL (peel), n. A loud noise or succession of 
pounds. 

PEAL (peel), v. i, or t. To utter loud sounds ; to 
assail with noise ; to celebrate. 

PEAL'ING, a. Uttering a loud sound or succes- 
sion of sounds. 

Pe'AN, n. A song of praise or triumph. 

PE'AN-ISM, n. The song of praise or of battle; 
shouts of triumph. 

PEA'NUT, n. The ground-nut, 

PEAR (4), n. A well-known fruit of many vari- 
eties. 

PEARL (13) (perl), n. A white, hard, smooth, shin- 
ing substance, found in the oyster. Poetically, 
something round and clear, as a drop of dew or 
water; a white speck or film growing on the eye. 



PEARL (purl), v. t. To set or adorn with pearls; 

v. i. to resemble pearls. 
PEARL'ASII, n. Refined potash. 
PEARLKD, a. Set or adorned with pearl; made 

of pearls ; resembling pearls. 
PEARL'-Evi£D (pcrl'-Ide), a. Having a speck on 

the eye. 
PEARL -oYS-TER, n. The oyster which yields 

pearls. 
PEARL'-WHiTE, n. A white powder used at the 

toilet. 
PEARL'Y, a. Containing pearls ; abounding with 

or like pearl. — Syn. Clear; pure; transparent. 
PEAR'-TREE - (4), n. The tree that produces pears. 
PEAS'ANT (pez'aat.), n. One who lives by rural 

labor. — Syn. Co^ltryman; rustic; swain. 
PEAS'ANT, a. Pertaining to or noting rural la- 
bor; rustic; rural. 
PEAS'ANT-RY, n. Country people ; rustics. 

PEAS'COD, ) mi, i ,, 

1'EA'SHELL I or P encar P °f t' ie P ea - 

PEASE (peez), n. pi. An indefinite number of 
_the seed in quantity or bulk ; peas collectively. 

PeAT (peet), n. A substance consisting of vegeta- 
ble matter, as roots and fibers, used for fuel. 

PEAT'MOSS, n. A fen producing peat. 

PEB'BLE, X n. A round small stone ; a 

PEB'BLE-SToNE,j general term for water-worn 
minerals ; with opticians, transparent and color- 
less rock-crystal. 

PEB'BLffD (pcb'bld),) a. Abounding with peb- 

PEB'BLY, j" bles or small, roundish 

stones. 

PE-CaN'. ) n. A' tree bearing an oblong smooth 

PE-€a'NA, f nut. 

PEC'A-RY. See Peccary. 

PE€-€A-BiI/I-TY, n. State of being subject to 
sin ; capacity of sinning. 

PEC'GA-BLE, a. Liable to sin or transgress the 
divine law. 

PEC-CA-DiL'LO, n. A slight fault or offense. 

PECCANT, n. Guilty of sin or transgression; 
not healthy; morbid; corrupt. 

PEC'CA-RY, n. A South American quadruped 
nearly related to the hog. 

+PEC-CA'Vr. [L.] A colloquial word used to ex- 
press acknowledgment of an offense. 

PECH 'BLENDE. See Pitchblende. 

PECK, n. The fourth of a bushel. 

PECK, v. t. [From beak.] To strike with the beak 
or something pointed, as to peck a hole; to peck 
at is to strike with small repeated blows ; to at- 
tack. 

PECK'ER, n. One that pecks ; a bird that peeks 
holes in trees, as a wood-pecfter. 

P£€'TIN-AL, a. Resembling a comb. 

PEC'TIN-AL, n. A fish whose bones are like the 
teeth of a comb. 

PEC'iTN-ATE, \a. Resembling the teeth of a 

PEC'TIN-a-TED ,j comb. [breast. 

PECTO-RAL, a. Belonging to or affecting the 

PEC'TO-RAL, n. A breast-plate ; a medicine for 
J;he breast. 

Pe'CUL, n. An East Indian measure equal to 182 
pounds avoirdupois. 

PEC'u-LaTE, v. i. To defraud the public by tak- 
ing property intrusted to one's care. 

PEC-u-La'TION, n. Embezzlement of public 
money. 

PEC'u-La-TOR, n. One who takes for his own 
use public property intrusted to him. 

PE-CuL'IAR (-kul'yar), a. Appropriately one's 
own; not shared in by others. — Syn. Special ; es- 
pecial. — Peculiar is from the Roman jjeculium, 
which was a thing emphatically and distinctively 
one's own, and hence was dear. The former sense 
always belongs to peculiar, as a peculiar style, 
peculiar manners, &c. ; and usually so much of 
the latter as to involve feelings of interest, as 
peculiar care, watchfulness, satisfaction, &c. 



A, e, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short— caiie, faii, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, niRD; move, 



PEC 



323 



PEN 



Nothing of this kind belongs to special and espe- 
cial. They mark simply the relation of species 
to genus, and denote that there is something in 
this case more than ordinary, as a special act of 
Congress ; especial pains, &c.' 

PE-€0L'IAR, n. Exclusive property. 

PE-€DL-IAR'I-TY (pe-kfil-yar e-ty), n. Something 
peculiar to a person or thing ; singularity. 

PE-CuL'IAR-iZE, v. t. To make peculiar; to ap- 
propriate. 

PE-€uL'IAR-LY, ad. In a manner not common ; 
particularly. 

PE-CuN'IA-RY (pe-kiin'ya-ry), a. Relating to or 
consisting in money. 

PeD, \ n. In composition, the foot, as quadru- 

PEDE,}" ped, centiped, &c. 

PeD'A-GOG-ISM, n. The business, character, or 
manners of a pedagogue. 

PeD'A-GoGUE (p:d'a-gog), n. One who keeps a 
school for children. 

PeD'A-GoGUE (pSd'a-gog), v. t. To teach as a 
pedagogue; to instruct superciliously. 

Pe'DAL, a. Pertaining to the foot. 

PeD'AL, n. One of the large pipes of an organ ; 
an appendage to an instrument for modulating 
sound ; a fixed or stationary base. 

PeD'ANT, ri. One who ostentatiously displays 
his learning. 

PE-DaNT'I€, \ a. Ostentatious of learning ; 

PE-DaNT'I€-AL,j conceited. 

PE-DANT'I€-AL-LY, ad. With vain display of 
learning; with ostentation or conceit. 

PeD'ANT-iZE, v. t. To play the pedant. 

PeD'ANT-RY, n. Ostentation of learning. 

PED'DLE, v. i. To travel and retail goods ; to be 
busy about trifles. 

PeD'DLE, v. t. To sell or retail, usually by trav- 
eling. 

PeD'DLER, n. A traveling foot-trader. 

PED'DLING, n. The act or practice of going 
about and selling goods on a small scale. 

PeD'ES-TAL, n. The base of a column or pillar. 

PE-D£S'TRI-AL, a. Pertaining to the foot. 

PE-D£S'TRI-AN, a. Traveling ou foot; perform- 
ed on foot, as a tour. 

PE-DeS'TRI-AN, n. One who goes on foot 

PE-DeS'TRI-AN-iZE, v. t. To practice walking. 

PeD'I-GREE, n. ; pi. Ped'i-grees. Genealogy ; 
lineage ; an account or register of a line of an- 
cestors. 

PeD'I-MENT, n. In architecture, an ornamental 
crowning of the front of a building. 

PE-DO-BaP'TISM, n. Baptism of infants. 

PE-DO-BAP'TIST, n. One who holds to infant 
baptism. 

PE-DGN'CLE (pe-dunk'kl), n. The stem of a flow- 
er and fruit of a plant. 

PEEK, v. i. To look through an opening, &c. ; 
used for Peep. (This is an old English word for 
peep, still retained in New England.) 

PEEL, v. t. To strip of skin or rind; to flay; to 
plunder. 

PEEL, v. i. To lose the skin or rind. 

PEEL, n. Rind, bark, or skin. 

PEEL, n. A wooden shovel used by bakers ; any 
large fire-shovel. 

PEELED, a. Stripped of skin, bark, or rind ; 
plundered; pillaged. 

PEEL'ER, n. One that peels ; a pillager. 

PEEP, n. First appearance; sly look, or a look 
through a crevice ; the cry of chickens. 

PEEP, v. i. To begin to appear; to look through 
a crevice ; to cry as a chicken. 

PEEP'ER, n. A chicken ; the eye. 

PEER, n. An equal ; companion ; nobleman. 

PEER, v. i. To come in sight ; to appear; to look 
narrowly ; to peep. 

PEER'A6E, n. The dignity of a peer ; body of 
peers. 

PEER'ESS, n. The lady of a peer. 



PEER'LERS, a. Having no equal ; matchless. 

PEER'LESS-LY, ad. Without an equal. 

PEEK'LESS-NESS, n. State of having no equal. 

PEE'VISH, a. Easily vexed; expressing discon- 
tent or fretfulness. — Syn. Cross; testy; irritable; 
captious. 

PEE'VISH-LY, ad. In a fretful, cross, or petu- 
lant manner. 

PEE'VISH-NESS, n. The state of being peevish, 
cross, and irritable. 

PeG, n. A small wooden pin used for fastenings; 
the pins of an instrument on which the strings 
are stringed ; a nickname for Margaret. 

PeG, v. t. To fasten with a wooden pin ; to insert 
or drive pegs into. 

PeG'A-SUS, n. A winged horse. 

PEGGED (pegd), a. Fastened or furnished with 
pegs. 

PeK'oE, n. A kind of black tea. 

PE-La'gI-AN, n. A follower of Pelagius, who de- 
nied original sin, and asserted absolute free-will 
and_the merit of good works. 

PE-La'6I-AN, a. Pertaining to Pelagius. 

PELF, n. Money ill gotten ; riches. 

PeL'I-CAN, n. A large water-fowl with a pouch 
for food attached to its under chop; a chemical 
glass vessel or alembic. 

PE-Li'SSE' (-leece'), n. A silk habit for a female. 

PicLL, n. A skin; a hide; roll in the exchequer. 

PeL'LET, n. A little ball or round mass. 

PeL'LI-CLE (pel'le-kl), n. Thin external skin; 
film. 

PeLL'MeLL, ad. Confusedly; without order. 

PEL-Lu'CID, a. Clear; transparent; not opaque. 

PEL-Lu'CID-NESS, n. Clearness; transparency. 

PELT, n. Skin of a beast w'th its fur; a blow. 

PeLT, v. t. To strike with small substances 
thrown. [pelts. 

PELT'MGN G -GER (-mun^-ger), n. A dealer in 

PELT'RY, n. Skins of animals; furs. 

PEL' VIC, a. Pertaining to the pelvis. 

PEL'VIS, n. Lower part of the abdomen. 

PEM'MI-€AN, n. Meat cured, pulverized, and 
mixed with fat. 

PeN, n. Instrument for writing; inclosure for 
beasts, fowls, &c. 

PeN, v. t. [pret. and pp. Penned.] To write ; to 
record with a pen. 

PeN, v. t. \_pret. and pp. Penned or Pent.] To 
jshut up in a pen ; to coop ; to confine. 

Pe'NAL, a. Denouncing, inflicting, or suffering 
punishment. < 

PEN'AL-TY, n. The pain or loss attached to the 
commission of a crime or offense. — Syn. Punish- 
ment; fine; forfeiture; censure. 

PeN'ANCE, n. Suffering imposed or submitted to 
as an atonement for sin. 

PE-Na'TeS, n.pl. [£.] Roman household gods. 

PENCE, n., pi. of Pen'ny, when used as a sum of 
money. 

+PEN-CHaNT' (pan-shiing'), n. [Fr.] Inclination. 

PeN'CIL, n. A small brush used by painters; 
any instrument for writing without ink; hence, 
figurativelg, the art of painting ; collection of rays 
which converge to one point. 

PeN'CIL, v. t. To paint or draw; to write or 
mark with a pencil ; to sketch with a pencil. 

PeN'CIL-ING, ri. The act of painting or sketch- 
ing. 

PeND'ANT, n. A jewel at the ear ; a small flag 
or streamer at mast-head ; any thing hanging by 
way of ornament; a picture or print hung as a 
companion to another. 

PeND'ENCE, n. Slope; inclination. 

PeND'EN-CY, n. Suspense ; state of being unde- 
cided. 

PeND'ENT, a. Supported above; jutting over; 
hanging. 

•{•PEN-DeN'TE LI'TE. [L.] Pending or during 
the suit. 



dove, wolf, book; rule, bull; vi cious. — € as k; <i as j; s as z; en as sii; this. 



Xot English. 



PEN 



324 



PEP 



PeND'ING, a. Depending; undecided. 

PeND'u-LOUS (pund'yu-lus), a. Hanging; swing- 
ing ; fastened at one end, the other being mov- 
able. 

PeND'u-LOUS-NESS, ) n. State of hanging ; 

PeND-u-L6S'I-TY, j suspension. 

PEND'u-LUM, n. ; pi. Pent/u-lums. A body sus- 
pended and vibrating, as of a clock. 

PEN-E-TRA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of pene- 
tration. 

PeN'E-TRA-BLE, n. That may be penetrated. 

•frPEN-E-TRA'LI-A, n. pi. [L.] The interior parts 
of any place ; hence, hidden things. 

PeN'E-TRaTE, v. t. Literally, to enter into; 
hence, to see through or understand ; to feel 
deeply. — Syn. To pierce ; perforate ; discern ; 
V. i. to pass ; to make way. 

PeN'E-TRa-TING, a. Making way into; acute; 
discerning. 

PEN-E-TRa'TION, n. The act of entering into; 
power of looking deeply into a subject. — Syn. 
Acutenessj discernment, which see. 

PeN'E-TRa-TiVE, a. Having power to enter or 
impress. 

PeN'GUIN (pen'gwin), n. A genus of sea-fowls. 

PEN-IN'SU-LA, n. ; pi. Pen-in'su-las. Land 
nearly surrounded by water ; a large extent of 
country joining the main land by a part nar- 
rower than the tract itself. 

PEN-iN'SU-LAR, a. Nearly surrounded by wa- 
ter; pertaining to or inhabiting a peninsula. 

PEN-iN-SU-LaTE, v. t. To encompass nearly 
with water; to form a peninsula. 

PeN'I-TENCE, ) n. Sorrow of heart for sins or 

PeN'I-TEN-CY. { offenses. — Syn. Repentance; 
contrition ; compunction. 

PeN'I-TENT, a. Suffering sorrow on account of 
sins or offenses ; n. one who repents of sin. 

PEN-I-TeN'TIAL, a. Expressing penitence ; pro- 
ceeding from contrition; n. a book directing 
penance. 

PEN-I-TeN'TIA-RY (pen-e-tun'sha-ry), a. Relat- 
ing to penitence; relating to a penitentiary or 
leaving there, as a penitentiary offense. 

PEN-I-TeN'TIA-RY, n. One that prescribes 
rules of penitence; one that that does penance; 
a house of correction or work-house. A state 
prison is a penitentiary. 

PeN'I-TENT-LY, ad. With repentance for sin. 

PeN'KNiFE (-nife), n. ; pi. Pen'knives. A small 
knife for making pens. 

Pe^N'MAN, n. ; pi. Pen'men. One who writes a 
good hand; one skilled in or who teaches the art 
of writing ; a writer ; an author. 

PeN'MAN-SHIP, n. Art or manner of writing; 
particularly, skill or excellence of writing. 

PeN'N ANT, > n. A small flag ; a banner ; a tackle 

PEN'NON, j for hoisting. 

PeN'N aTE, \a. Winged ; having several leaf - 

PeN'Na-TED, j lets. 

PeN'NER, n. One who writes. [coins. 

PEN'NIES (pen'niz), n., pi. of Pen'ny. Copper 

PeN'NI-FORM, a. Having the form of a quill. 

PeN'NI-LESS, a. Having no money ; poor. 

PeN'NON. See Pennant. 

PeN'N Y, n. ; pi. Pen'nies, Pence. A small cop- 
per coin ; a small sum. 

PeN'NY-A-LIN'ER, n. A name of contempt for 
contributors to public journals at very low prices, 
a penny a line. 

PeN'NY-PoST, n. One who carries letters from 
a post-office, and delivers them in cities, &c. 

PeN-NY-ROY'AL, n. An aromatic herb. 

PEN'NY-WEIGHT (-wate), n. A troy weight of 
twenty-four grains. 

P£N'NY-Wl$E, a. Saving small sums at the 
risk of larger. 

PeN'N Y- W6RTH, n. As much as can be bought 
for a penny ; any purchase ; a small quantity ; a 
good bargain. 



PeN'SiLE (p^n'sil), a. Hanging; suspended; sup- 
ported above ground. 

PeN'SION (pijn'shun), n. A yearly allowance by 
government for past services. 

PeN'SION, v. t. To settle a pension on. 

PeN'SION-A-RY (pun'shun-), a. Maintained by a 
pension ; consisting in a pension. 

PEN'SIONjED, a. Having a pension. 

PeN'SION-ER, n. One who receives an annual al- 
lowance for past services ; a dependant. 

PeN'SiVE, a. Literally, hanging down; hence, 
marked by serious reflection ; mingling thought- 
fulness with sadness. 

PEN'SiVE-LY, ad. With sadness or thoughtful- 
ness. 

PeN'STOCK, n. A place to confine water. 

PENT, a. Closely confined. 

PeN'TA-CHORD, n. An instrument of music 
with five strings, or system of five sounds. 

PeN'TA-GON, n. A figure naving five equal 
angles. 

?IS-Tlg'0N:0US,[ «• Ha ™S *™ a ^ es - 

PeN'TA-GRAPH, n. An instrument for drawing 
or reducing figures in any proportion. More 
properly Pentogeaph. 

PEN-TA-He'DRON, n. A solid figure having five 
equal sides. 

PEN-TaM'E-TER, n. A poetic verse of five feet. 

PEN-TaN g 'GU-LAR (-tang'gu-lar),a. Having five 
angles. 

PEN-TA-PeT'AL-OUS, a. Having five petals. 

PeN'TARCH-Y, n. A government of five persons. 

PeN'TA-STICH (-stik), n. A poem of five verses. 

PeN'TA-STyLE, n. A work with five rows of 
columns. 

PeN'TA-TEuCH (pen'ta-tuk), n. The first five 
books of the Old Testament. 

PeN'TE-COST, n. A festival of the Jews fifty 
days after the Passover ; Whitsuntide. 

PEN-TE-€6ST'AL, a. Pertaining to Pentecost. 

PeNT'HOUSE, n. A sloping shed or roof. 

Pe'NULT, n. The last syllable but one. 

PE-NuLT'I-MA, n. The same as ]Jenult. 

PE-NuLT'I-MATE, a. Of the last syllable but 
one. It is sometimes a noun. 

PE-NuM'BRA, n. A partial shade in an eclipse ; 
in painting, the point of the picture where the 
shade blends with the light: 

PE-Nu'RI-OUS, a. Very close in money matters. 
— Syn. Close ; covetous ; niggardly ; sordid ; ava- 
ricious, which see. 

PE-Nu'RI-OUS-LY, ad. With mean parsimony. 

PE-Nu'RI-OUS-NESS, n. A sordid disposition to 
save money. — Syn. Parsimoniousness; covetous- 
ness; avarice; closeness. 

PeN'u-RY (pen'yu-ry), n. Great destitution of 
property. 

Pe'ON, n. In Mexico, a debtor held by law to the 
service of his creditor; in India, a native con- 
stable. 

Pe'O-NY, n. A plant and beautiful flower. 

PeO'PLE (pe'pl), n. The body of persons compos- 
ing a community ; persons in general ; persons 
of a particular class. — Syn. Nation. — When speak- 
ing of a state we use people for the mass of the 
community, as distinguished from their rulers, 
and nation for the entire political body, including 
the rulers. In another sense of the term, nation 
(from natus) describes those who are descended 
from the same stock; and in this sense the Ger- 
mans regard themselves as one nation, though 
politically subject to different forms of govern- 
jment. 

PeO'PLE (pe'pl), v. t. To stock with inhabitants. 

PEO'PL^D (pe'pld), a. Stocked or furnished 
with inhabitants. 

PeP'PER, n. A plant and its seed, aromatic and 
pungent. 

PeP'PER, v.t. To sprinkle with pepper; to pelt. 



1, e, &c, long.—l, 



short. — care, fae, last, fall, what ; there, teem ; marine, bird ; move, 



PEP 



325 



PER 



PeP'PER-CoRX, n. A grain of pepper ; some- 
thing of little value. 
PeP'PER#D, a. Sprinkled with pepper ; pelted ; 



PeP'PER-GRaSS, n. A pungent kind of cress, 
used for the table. 

PeP'PER-IDgE, n. A tree with very tough wood 

PeP'PER-IXG, n. A pelting with shot or blows. 

PeP'PER-MiXT, n. A pungent aromatic herb. 

PeP'PER-Y, a. Having the qualities of pepper. 

PeP'SIX, n. A substance secreted in the stomach 
of animals, and present in the gastric juice ; also 
prepared from rennet. 

+P£P"ri€, a. [(?/-.] Relating to and promoting 
digestion. 

PER, a prefix, primarily signifies through or by; 
in chemistry, very or fully. 

PER-AD-VeXT'uRE (-vent'yur), ad. By chance ; 
perhaps. 

PER-aM'Bu-LaTE, v. t. To walk round or over. 

PER-AM-Bu-La'TIOX, n. A passing over ; a 
survey. 

PER-aM'Bu-La-TOR, n. An instrument to meas- 
ure distances. 

+PER AX'XUM. [I/.] By the year ; each year. 

PER-CeIV'A-BLE (-seev'a-bl), a. That may be 
perceived, seen, heard, &c. 

PER-CeIY'A-BLY, ad. So as to be perceived. 

PER-CeIVE' (per-seevO, v. t. Literally, to take ; 
hence, to gain knowledge of; to understand ; to 
receive by way of impression on the sight or 
mind. — Syn. To discern. — To perceive a thing is 
to apprehend it as presented to the senses or the 
intellect; to discern is to mark differences, or to 
Bee a thing as distinguished from others around 
it. We may perceive a man and a woman afar 
off, without being able to discern Arhich is the 
one and which the other. 

PER-CeIV£D', a. Known by the senses ; felt ; 
understood; observed. 

PER-CeXT'AgE, n. In commerce, the allowance, 
duty, or commission on a hundred. 

per R cext' TUM '} C2/ - ] By the hundred - 

PER-CeP'TI-BLE, a. That can be felt or per- 
ceived. 

PER-CeP'TI-BLY, ad. So as to be perceived. 

PER-CEP'TIOX, n. Act or faculty of perceiving, 
or of receiving impressions by the senses, or the 
notice which the mind takes of external objects: 
intellectual discernment. — Syn. Idea; conception; 
sentiment; sensation; observation. 

PER-CeP'TiVE, a. Able to perceive. 

PeRCH, n. A kind of small fish ; a roost for fowls ; 
a rod in long or square measure. 

PeRCH, v. i. To light, as a bird ; to roost or sit ; 
v. t. to place on a fixed object or perch. 

PER-CHaXCE', ad. Perhaps; peradventure. 

PER-CiP'I-EN'CE, ?i. Act of perceiving. 

PER-CIPT-EXT, a. Perceiving ; able to perceive ; 
n. one that perceives or can perceive. 

PeR'CO-LaTE, v. i. To pass through interstices ; 
to filtrate j v.t.to cause to pass through inter- 
stices. 

PeR-CO-La'TIOX, n. A passing through inter- 
stices; filtration. 

PeR'CO-La-TOR, n. A filtering machine. 

PER-€uS'SIOX (-kush'un), n. The act of strik- 
ing ; the shock produced. 

PER-CCS'SIOX-GaP, n. A small copper cap con- 
taining fulminating powder, used in a percussion- 
lock to explode gunpowder. 

PER-CCS'SIOX-LoCK, n. A lock of a gun in 
which fulminating powder is exploded. 

PER-Cu'TIEXT (-ku'shent), n. That which strikes. 

+PER Di'EM. [I/.] By the day. 

PER-Di"TIOX (-dish'un), n. Destruction; ruin; 
loss of the souL 

PER-Du', \ ad. Literally, lost; hence, in a state 

PER-DuE'.j of concealment. 



I PER-Du', n. One placed in ambush. 

PER-Du', a. Abandoned; desperate. 

PeII'E-GRI-NaTE, v. i. To travel from country 
to country ; to live in a foreign country. 

PER-E-GRI-Xa'TION, n. A traveling from coun- 
try to country; abode in a foreign country. 

PeR'E-GRI-Xa-TOR, n. A traveler into foreign 
countries. 

PER'EMP-TO-RI-LY,ad. Absolutely; positively. 

PeR'EMP-TO-RI-XESS, n. Positiveness ; abso- 
lute decision; dogmatism. 

PeR'EMP-TO-RY, a. Precluding debate ; positive 
in opinion or judgment; absolute, as a peremp- 
tory challenge or sale. 

PER-eX'XI-AL, a. Literally, through or beyond 
a year; hence, lasting perpetually. A perennial 
plant is one that lasts more than two years. 

PER-eX'XI-AL-LY, ad. Continually ; without 
ceasing. 

PER-EX'XI-TY, n. Duration through the year ; 
continued duration. 

PeR'FECT, a. Literally, filled completely out ; 
hence, having all that is requisite to the com- 
pleteness of its nature or kind ; not defective. — 
Syn. Complete ; entire. 

PeR'FECT or PER-FeCT' (13), v. t. To carry 
forward to completeness. — Syn. To finish ; to 
consummate. 

PeR'FECT-ED, a. Made complete. 

PER-FE€T-I-BiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of becom- 
ing perfect. 

PER-FeCT'1-BLE, a. That may be made perfect. 

PER-FeC'TIOX (-fek'shun), n. The state of be- 
ing complete or perfect. 

PER-FeC'TIOX-ISM, n. The doctrines of perfec- 
tionists. 

PER-Fe€'TIOX-IST, n. One who maintains that 
moral perfection can be and is attained in this 
life. 

PER-F£€T'lYE, a. Conducive to perfection. 

PER-Fe€T'IVE-LY, ad. So as to conduce to per- 
fection. 

PeR'FECT-LY (13), ad. In the highest degree of 
excellence. 

PeR'FE€T-XESS, n. Consummate excellence; 
accurate skill ; the highest degree of goodness or 
holiness. 

PER-Fi"CIEXT (-f ish'ent), n. One who endows a 
charitv; a performer. 

PER-Fib'I-OUS, a. False to trust or confidence ; 
treacherous. 

PER-FID'I-OUS-XESS, M. The state of being 
perfidious. 

PeR'FI-DY, n. Violation of faith or of a trust.— 
Syn. Treachery; faithlessness; disloyalty; infi- 
delity. 

PeR'FO-RaTE, v. t. To bore or pierce through. 

PER-FO-Ra'TIOX, n. Act of boring through ; a 
hole or aperture passing through a thing. 

PeR'FO-RA-T1YE, a. Having power to pierce. 

PeR'FO-Ra-TOR, n. An instrument that perfo- 
rates. 

PER-FoRCE', ad. By force or violence. 

PER-F6RM', v. t. To carry out ; to carry into ef- 
fect. — Syn. To fulfill; execute; accomplish. 

PER-F6RM', v. i. To act a part, as, a player per- 
forms well. 

PER-F6RM'A-BLE, a. That can be done ; practi- 
cable. 

PER-FoRM'AXCE, n. Act of performing ; that 
which is done ; the acting or exhibition of char- 
acter or feats qn a stage; any thing composed or 
written. — Syn. Completion; consummation; ex- 
ecution; accomplishment: achievement. 

PER-FoRM'ER, n. One that performs; a player. 

PeR'FuME or PER-FuME', n. A sweet scent, or 
the substance emitting it. 

PEBrFuME', v. t. To fill or impregnate with 
sweet odor. 

PER-FuM'ER. n. He or that which perfumes. 



dove, avolf, book ; rule, eull ; vi"cious. — o as k ; g as j ; s as z; cu as 6H ; ims. * Xot English. 



PEE 



326 



PER 



PER-FuM'ER-Y, n. Perfumes in general. 

PER-FuNC'TO-RY, a. Literally, for the sake of 
getting through : hence, in a manner to satisfy 
external form ; careless; negligent. 

PER-Fu$E' (-faze'), v. t. To sprinkle; to spread 
over. 

PER-Fu'SiVE, a. Adapted to spread or sprinkle; 
overspreading; diffusive. 

PER-HAPS', ad. By chance; it may be. 

Pe'Ri (pe'ry), n. In the East, a spirit supposed to 
be excluded from Paradise for some fault till a 
penance is accomplished. [um. 

PER-I-€aR'DI-AN, a. Relating to the pericardi- 

PPjR-I-€aR'DI-UM, n. A membrane inclosing the 
heart. 

PeR'I-€aRP, n. The seed-vessel of a plant. 

PER-I-€Ra'NI-UM, n. The membrane investing 
the skull. 

PER-I-E'CIAN (-e'shan), n. An inhabitant on the 
opposite side of the globe in the same latitude. 

PeR'I-gEE, \ n. That point where the moon 

PER-I-GE'UM,j in its orbit is nearest the earth. 

PeR'I-GRAPH, n. An inaccurate delineation. 

PER-I-HeL'ION, \ n. ; pi. Peb-i-iie'li-a. The 

PER-I-He'LI-UM,) point in a planet's orbit 
nearest the sun. 

PeR'IL, n. Exposure to injury or loss. See Dan- 
ger. 

PeR'IL, v. t. To expose to danger. 

PeR'IL, v. i. To be in danger. 

PeR'IL-OUS, a. Full of danger or risk. 

PeR'IL-OUS-LY, ad. With danger or hazard. 

PeR'IL-OUS-NESS, n. State of being dangerous. 

PE-RiM'E-TER, n. In geometry, the limits of a 
border or figure, or the sum of all the sides. 

Pe'RI-OD, n. Literally, a going round; hence, 
the time in which any thing is performed, as a 
period of years ; a complete sentence, or the point 
that marks its close. — Syn. Circuit ; time ; date ; 
epoch. 

PE-RI-SD'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to or noting a 
period ; at stated intervals, as a periodical sick- 
ness; n. a magazine, &c, published at stated in- 
tervals. 

PE-RI-oD'I€-AL-LY, ad. At stated periods. 

PE-RI-O-DiC'I-TY (-dis'e-ty), n. The state of 
having regular periods in changes or conditions. 

*PER-I-oS'TE-UM, n. The membrane covering 
the bones. 

PER-I-PA-TeT'I€, a. Pertaining to Aristotle's 
philosophy. 

PER-I-PA-T£T'I€, n. A follower of Aristotle. 

PE-RiPH'ER-Y (pe-rif'er-y), n. The circumfer- 
ence of any regular curvilinear figure. 

PeR'I-PHRaSE (-fraze), n. A roundabout mode 
of expression ; a circumlocution. 

PeR'I-PHRaSE, v. t. To express by many words. 

PeR'I-PHRaSE, v. i. To use circumlocution. 

PER-I-PHRaS'TI€, ) a. Expressing or ex- 

PER-I-PHRaS'TI€-AL, j pressed in many words. 

PER-IP-NEu-MoN'IC, a. Pertaining to peripneu- 
monv. [lungs. 

PER-IP-NEu'MO-NY, n. Inflammation of the 

PE-RIP'TER-AL, a. Having columns on all sides. 

PE-RiP'TER-OUS, a. Feathered on all sides. 

PE-RiS'CIAN (pe-rish'yan), n. \ An inhabitant of. 

PE-RIS'CI-I (pe-rish'e-I), n. pi. j a frigid zone, 
whose shadow moves round, and during the day 
falls in every point of the compass. 

PeR'I-SCoPE, n. A general view. 

PER-I-S€oP'I€, a. Viewing on all sides; applied 
to a kind of glasses for spectacles, which increase 
the distinctness of objects seen obliquely. 

PeR'ISH, v. i. To lose life in any manner; to 
wither and decay; to be destroyed; to be lost 
eternally. 

PeR'ISH-A-BLE, a. Liable to perish. 

PF:R'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to perish. 

Pf:R'ISH-A-BLY, ad. In a perishable manner. 

PeR'ISH-IISG, a. Losing life; wasting away. 



PER-I-SPHeR'I€, a. Having the form of a ball. 

PER-I-STaL'TI€, a. Spiral ; wormlike. 

PeR'I-STyLE, 11. A range of columns round a 
building. 

PER-I-TO-Ne'UM, n. A thin membrane investing 
the whole internal surface of the abdomen, &c. 

PeR'I-WIG, n. A cap of false hair; a small wig. 

PeR'I-WIG, v. t. To dress with a cap of false hair. 

PbR'I-WINK-LE (per're-wink-kl), n. A sea snail 
or shell; a plant. 

PeR'JURE (13) (per'jur), v. t. To take a false oath 
willfully when lawfully administered. — Stn. To 
forswear. — Forswear applies to all kinds of 
oaths ; perjure to those administered by a civil 
magistrate. A subject forswears himself when 
he breaks his oath of allegiance; a witness per- 
jures himself when he swears to what he knows 
to be false. 

PeR'JUR.E'D, a. Guilty of perjury. 

PER'JUR-ER, n. One guilty of perjury. 

PeR'JU-RY, n. The act or crime of willfully tak- 
ing a false oath when lawfully administered. 

PERK, a. Holding up the head; hence, smart; 
prim. 

PERK, v. i. To hold up the head as if smart ; v. t. 
to make smart; to make trim; to dress up. 

PeR'MA-NENCE, \ n. Continuance in the same 

PeR'MA-NEN-C Y, | state or place ; fixedness. 

PeR'MA-NENT, a. Continuing in the same state 
or without change. — Syn. Durable ; lasting, 
which see. 

PER'M A-NENT-LY, ad. Durably ; with fixedness. 

PeR'ME-A-BLE, a. That may may be passed 
through without rupture of parts. 

PeR'ME-aTE, v. i. To pass through the inter- 
stices or pores of a body. 

PER-ME-a'TION, n. The act of passing through 
the pores or interstices of a body. 

PER-MIS'CI-BLE, a. That may be mixed. 

PER-MiS'SI-BLE, a. That may be allowed. 

PER-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. Leave to do some- 
thing ; license granted. — Syn. Allowance ; li- 
cense. See Leave. 

PER-MiS'SIVE, a. Allowing; granting; suffering. 

PER-MIS'SiVE-LY, ad. By permission ; without 
hinderance. 

PER-MlS'TION (-mlst'yun), \ n. A mingling ; 

PER-MIX'TION (-mikst'yun),/ state of being 
mixed. • 

PER-MiT', v. t. To give leave; to license. — Syn. 
To allow. — To permit is more positive, denoting 
a decided assent, either directly or by implica- 
tion ; to allow is more negative, and imports 
only acquiescence or an abstinence from preven- 
. tion. We may be compelled by circumstances to 
alloiv some things which Ave would by no means 
directly permit. 

PER'MIT or PEit-MIT', n. A warrant in writing ; 
a license. 

PER-MiT'TANCE, n. Permission ; allowance. 

PER-MU-Ta'TION, n. The exchange of one 
thing for another; repeated alteration of place. 

PER-Nl"CIOUS (-nish'us), a. Having the quality 

of injuring or destroying; tending to injure 

Syn. Hurtful; noxious; ruinous; destructive. 

PER-Ni"CIOUS-LY (-nish'us-ly), ad. Destructive- 
ly; ruinously. 

PER-NI"CIOUS-NESS, n. Quality of being very 
injurious or destructive. 

PER-O-Ra'TION, n. The closing part of an ora- 
tion. 

PER-PeN'DI-€LE (-pen'de-kl), n. Something 
hanging down in a direct line ; a plumb-line. 

PER-PEN-DiC'u-LAR, a. Hanging or extending 
in a right line from any point toward the center 
of the earth ; any thing at right angles. 

PER-PEN-DIC'u-LAR-LY, ad. At right angles. 

PeR'PE-TRaTE, v. t. Literally, to go through 
with ; hence, to perform or commit, in a bad 
sense, as to perpetrate a crime. 



long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; there, tekm; mabine, bibd; move, 



PER 



327 



PER 



PER-PE-TR.\'TlOX, n. The commission of some- 
thing wrong, as a crime. 

PeR'PE-TRa-TOR, n. One who perpetrates. 

PER-PkT'u-AL (per-p't'yii-al), a. Noting that 
which continues without ceasing; permanent; 
uninterrupted; continual, which see. 

PER-Pe I'l-AL-LY, ad. Constantly ; unceas- 
ingly. 

PER-PfiT'0-ATE, v. t. To cause to endure ; to pre- 
serve from extinction or oblivion. 

PER-PET'O-A-TED, a. Made perpetual. 

PER-PET-u-a'TION, n. A rendering perpetual. 

PER-PE-Tn'I-TY, n. Endless or indefinite dura- 
tion. 

PER-PLeX', v. t. To make intricate or difficult to 
be understood; to fill with embarrassment; to 
puzzle. See Embarbass. 

PER-PLEXJyD' (-plGkst'j, a. Made intricate; em- 
barrassed ; puzzled. 

PER-PLeX'EJ)-LY, ad. In an intricate or per- 
plexed manner; intricately. 

PER-PLeXT-TY, /i. A state of intricacy; diffi- 
culty of mvlers anding ; doubt. 

PfeR'QUI-SlTE (13), 7i. A fee in addition to or in 
the place of a fixed compensation. 

FER-QUI-2>i"TION (-zish'un), n. Accurate inqui- 
ry; search. 

PeR'RY, n. The juice of pears fermented. 

PeR'SE-€uTE, v. t. To pursue so as to injure, 
vex, or afflict: to pursue or afflict for religious 
opinions.&c. ; to harass with solicitations. 

PER-SE-€u'TION, n. The act of persecuting; 
the stateof being persecuted. 

PfiR'SE-eu-TOR (13), n. One who persecutes. 

PER-SE-YeR'AXCE, n. A persisting in what is 
undertaken ; constancy. 

PEE-SE-YERE', v. i. To continue steadfast in any 
design ; not to give up or lay aside. — Syn. To 
continue ; persist. — Continue is generic, denoting 
simply to do as one has done hitherto ; to per- 
severe is to continue in a given course in spite of 
discouragements, &c, from a desire to obtain our 
end ; to persist is to continue from a determina- 
tion of will not to give up ; the former is always 
used in a good sense, the latter frequently in a 
bad one. 

PER-SE-YeR'IXG, a. Steadfast in any pursuit. 

PeR-SI-FLaGE'(12) (par-se-fliizh'), n. Light, ban- 
tering talk. 

PER-SIM'MOX, n. A tree with fruit like a plum, 
which is harsh when unripe, but agreeable when 
ripe. 

PER-SiST', v. i. To continue firm; to persevere, 
which see. 

PER-SIST'ENCE, \ 11. Perseverance ; constan- 

PER-SIST'EN-CY,j cy. 

PER-SIST'EXT, a. Continuing in the prosecution 
of an undertaking; steadfast. 

PeR'SOX (13) (per'sn), n. An individual human 
being; the outer or corporeal man; character 
represented La fiction, dialogue, &c. ; a distinction 
in the Trinity ; a term in grammar. 

PeR'SOX-A-BLE, a. Having a well-formed body ; 
of good appearance. 

PeR'SOX- A(iE, n. A distinguished person ; out- 
ward appearance ; character. 

PeR'SOX-AL, a. Belonging to or noting a person. 
Personal property consists in things belonging 
to the person, as money, jewels, &c, in distinc- 
tion from real property, which consists in houses 
and lands. 

PER-SOX-aL'I-TY, n. That which constitutes 
an individual a distinct being; individuality; a 
remark on another, generally of a disparaging 
kind. [ence. 

PeR'SOX-AL-LY, ad. In person ; by bodily pres- 

PeR'SOX-aTE, v. t. To represent a person by ac- 
tion or appearance ; to assume the part of anoth- 
er. — Syn. To imitate; mimic; feign; counter- 
feit ; resemble. 



PER-SOX-a'TIOX, n. Act of representing or 
counterfeiting a person or character. 

PeR'SOX-a-TOR, n. One who assumes another's 
character ; one who performs. 

PER-SON-I-FI-€a'TIOX, n. A representation of 
inanimate things as living beings. 

PER-S6N"I-Fy, v. t. To ascribe animation to in- 
animate beings, or to ascribe to inanima^; beings 
the sentiments, actions, or language of a rational 
being or person. 

+PER-SOX-XEL' (par-so-nul'), n. [i-V.] A term 
denoting the persons employed in some public 
service, as distinguished from the materiel or 
things. 

PER-SPeC'TIVE, a. Pertaining to optics or to 
the art of perspective. 

PER-SPeC'TIVE, n. The art of representing on 
a plane surface objects as they appear, relatively, 
to the eye in nature ; a glass through which ob- 
jects are viewed. 

PER-SPe€'TiYE-LY, ad. Optically by represent- 
ation; according to the rules or perspective. 

PER-SPI-€a'CIOUS (-ka'shus), a. Quick-sight- 
ed; discerning. 

PER-SPI-€aC'I-TY (-kas'e-ty), n. Quickness of 
sight ; acuteness of sight or discernment. 

PER-SPI-€u'I-TY, n. The quality of being easi'y 
understood ; frc edom from obscurity ; clearness. 

PER-SPIC'u-OUS, a. Easily understood; not ob- 
scure or ambiguous. — Syn. Clear ; plain ; dis- 
tinct; definite. [ly. 

PER-SPIC'C-OUS-LY, ad. With plainness ; clear- 

PER-SPlC'u-OUS-XESS, n. Clearness; plainness. 

PER-SPI-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Quality of being per- 
spirable, [pores. 

PER-SPiR'A-BLE, a. That may pass through the 

PER-SPI-Ra'TIOX, n. The act of perspiring; 
excretion or evacuation of the fluids through the 
pores; sweat. 

PER-SPIR'A-TlVE, \ a. Performing perspira- 

PER-SPIR'A-TO-RY. j tion. 

PER-SPlRE', v. i. To exude fluid matter through 
the pores; to be excreted; v. t. to emit through 
the pores of the skiu. 

PER-STRiXgE', v. t. To graze ; to glance on. 

PER-SUaD'A-BLE, a. That may be persuaded. 

PER-SUaDE' (-swade'), v. t. To in'uce or draw 
by argument; to convince by argument or rea- 
sons offered. — Syn. To influence; induce; allure; 
entice; prevail on; win over; convince, which 
see. 

PER-STJaD'ER, n. One that persuades. 

PER-SUa-SI-BIL'I-TY, \ ii. Capable of being 

PER-SUa'SI-BLE-XESS.J persuaded. 

PER-SUa'SI-BLE, a. That may be persuaded. 

PER-SUa'SION (-swa'zhun), n. The act of per- 
suading; the state of being persuaded; creed; 
opinion. — Syn*. Belief; view. 

PER-SUa'SIVE (-swa'siv), «. Adapted to influ- 
ence the mind ; n. that which persuades. — Syn. 
Inducement; motive; reason. 

PER-SUa'SiYE-LY, ad. So as to persuade. 

PER-SUa'SiYE-XESS, ii. Power of persuasion. 

PER-SUa'SO-RY. a. Tending to persuade. 

PERT (13), a. Being forward, smart, lively in 
manner; over-assuming; impertinent. — Syn. 
Forward ; smart ; saucy. 

PER-TaIX', v. i. To belong; to relate; to con- 
cern. 

PER-TI-Xa'CIOUS (-na'shus), a. Holding firmly 
or with obstinacy to any opinion or purpose. — 
Syn. Firm; constant; stubborn; obstinate. 

PER-TI-Xa'CIOUS-LY, ad. With obstinate ad- 
herence. 

PER-TI-Xa'CTOUS-NESS,\ n. Obstinacy in ad- 

PER-TI-XaC'I-TY, J herence to opinions 

or purpose ; obstinacy, which see. 

PER'TI-NEXCE. \ n. Appropriateness to the 

PER'TI-XEX-CY,j 
ness. 



subject or purpose; suitable- 



dove, wolf, book ; etjle, bull ; yi"ciocs. — e as k ; (i as j ; s as z ; cnassii; Tins. + Xot English. 



PER 



328 



PET 



PeR'TI-NENT, a. Appropriate to the case ; fitted 
to the end. — Syn. Relevant; apposite. 

PeR'TI-NENT-LY, ad. Fitly; to the purpose. 

PeRT'LY, ad. With prompt boldness ; smartly; 
saucily ; implying less than impudence. 

PeRT'NESS, n. Overassuming, forward boldness 
or smartness; impertinence; liveliness of man- 
ner. 

PER-TuRB',_ \ v. t. To disturb the mind or 

PeR'TURB-aTE,j passions; to agitate. 

PER-TUR-Ba'TION, n. Disturbance of the mind 
or passions; disquiet; commotion in public af- 
fairs ; cause of disquiet. 

PER-Tu'$ION (-tu'zlmn), n. Act of punching 
holes; a little hole made by punching. 

PeR'UKE, n. An artificial cap of hair. 

PE-Ru'SAL (31), n. Act of reading ; careful view 
or examination. 

PE-RuSE' (-ruze'), v. t To read with attention ; 
to observe. 

PE-RCS'ER, n. One who reads or examines. 

PE-RO'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Peru. 

PER-VaDE', v. t. To pass th ough an aperture, 
pore, or interstice; to be in all parts. 

PER-Va'SION (-vli'zhun), n. Act of pervading. 

PER-Va'SIVE, a. Tending to pervade. 

PER-VeRSE' (13), a. Turned aside from the right ; 
obstinate in the wrong ; disposed to cross or vex. 
— Syn. Froward. — One who is froward (literally, 
looking away from) is capricious, and reluctant 
to obey ; one who is perverse (literally, distorted) 
has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dis- 
likes by the rule of contradiction to the will of 
others. 

PER-VeRSE'LY, ad. Obstinately; stubbornly. 

PER-VeRSE'NESS, n. An uncomplying, unac- 
commodating state of feeling ; crossness of tem- 
per combined with obstinacy. 

PER-VeR'SION (-ver'shun), n. A diverting from 
the proper use ; a turning from propriety. 

PER-VeR'SI-TY, n. Cross or untractable dis- 
position. 

PER-VeR'SiVE, a. Tending to pervert. 

PER-VeRT', v. t. To turn from truth, right, or 
from a proper course ; to distort from a true 
course. 

PeR'VeRT, n. One who has turned from a right 
to a wrong way. Sea Convert. 

PER-VeRT'ED, a. Turned from right to wrong. 

PER-VeRT'ER, n. One who perverts or distorts. 

PER-VeRT'I-BLE, a. That may be perverted. 

PER-VES-TI-Ga'TION, n. Diligent inquiry. 

PER-VI-Ca'CIOUS (-ka'shus), a. Willfully re- 
fractory. 

PeR'VI-OUS, a. That may be penetrated by an- 
other body or substance, or by the mental sight; 
pervading; permeating. 

PeR'VI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being per- 
vious. 

PeST, n. Any thing very noxious or destructive ; 
a plague ; mischief. 

PeS'TER, v. t. To harass with little vexations. — 
Syn. To tease ; disturb ; annoy ; vex ; trouble. 

PeST'-HOUSE, n. A hospital for infectious per- 
sons. 

PES-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Noxious to health, peace, 
morals, or society. — Syn. Pestilential ; malig- 
nant; infectious. 

PeS'TI-LENCE, n. Contagion; contagious dis- 
eases; corruption or moral disease, destructive 
to happiness. 

PeS'TI LENT, a. Noxious to health, life, morals, 
society, or the public peace.— Syn. Noxious; per- 
nicious; corrupt: troublesome. 

PES-TI-LeN'TIAL, a. Containing or tending to 
produce disease or plague; injurious to morals, 
&c. — Syn. Corrupting ; contaminating ; infec- 
tious. 

PeS'TI-LENT-LY, ad. Destructively ; mischiev- 
ously. 



PeS'TLE (pos'sl), n. An instrument for pounding 
things in a mortar. 

PeT, ii. Any little animal fondled and indulged ; 
brought up by hand ; a slight fit of peevishness. 

PET, v. t. To treat as a pet; to fondle. 

PeT'AL or Pe'TAL, n. A flower-leaf. 

FkT'AT 7^ O ^ 

PeT'AL-OUS f a ' Havin & petals, as a flower. 

PeT'AL-ISM, n. A form of banishment among 
the Syracusans by writing the name on a leaf. 

PeT'AL-OID, a. Of the form of a petal. 

PE-TXRD', > n. A small engine formerly used 

PE-TXR', J for blowing open gates, &c. 

PE-Te€'€HI-AL (-tSk'ke-al), a. Spotted, as in 
malignant fever. 

PE'TER- PENCE, n. A tax of one penny for every 
house formerly paid by the English to the Pope. 

PeT'I-O-LAR, i a. Pertaining to or growing on 

PeT'I-O-LA-RY,]" a petiole. 

PeT'I-oLE, n. A leaf-stalk ; a foot-stalk of a 
leaf next the stem. 

PeT'I-oLE'D, ) „ TJ . .. , 

PeT' I -0- LATE, / a - Havm g a petiole. 

■J-PeTTT (pCt'ty), a. [Fr.] Small in amount ; petit 
jury, a jury of twelve men who try causes at the 
bar of a court : petit larceny, the stealing of goods 
of comparatively small value. 

PE-T1"TI0N, n. A formal supplication or request 
to a superior; a paper containing such request. — 
Syn. Prayer ; entreaty ; request ; memorial. 

PE-TI"TION (-tish'un), v. t. To make request to ; 
to ask i'rom.— Syn. To supplicate ; solicit. 

PE-Ti"TION-A-RY, a. Coming out with or con- 
taining a petition. 

PE-TI-TION-EE' (pe-tish-un-ee'), n. The person 
cited to defend in a petition. 

PE-TI"TION-ER, n. One who presents a petition. 

PE-Ti"TION-ING, n. The act of asking or solic- 
iting; supplication. 

*PE-Ti"TIO PRIN-CiP'I-I (pe-tish'e-o). [£.] A 
begging ofthe question. 

*PeT'IT-MaI-TRE (pSt'te-mfti-tr), n. A fop ; a 
dangler about females. 

PE-TRe'AN, a. Pertaining to rock or stone. 

PeT'REL, n. A sea-fowl, called also the stormy 
petrel. 

PE-TReS'CENCE, n. A changing into stone. 

PE-TReS'CENT, a. Changing into stony hard- 
ness; converting into stone. 

PET-RI-FaC'TION, n. The conversion of a body 
into stone or stony hardness; that which is con- 
verted from animal or vegetable matter into stony 
matter; a body incrusted with stony matter. 

PET-RI-FAC'TiVE, a. Changing or having pow- 
er to change into stony matter. [tying. 

PET-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. The process of petri- 

PeT'RI-FLED, a. Changed into stone; fixed in 
amazement. 

PeT'RI-Fy, v. t. To convert into stone or stony 
substance ; to make callous or obdurate ; to fix 
in amazement. 

PeT'RI-Fy, v. i. To become stone or of a stony 
substance ; to become callous. 

PeT'RI-Fy-ING, a. Converting into stone ; fix- 
ing in amazement. 

PE-TRo'LE-UM, n. Rock-oil ; an inflammable 
bituminous liquid. 

PeT'RO-NEL, n. A horseman's pistol. 

PET-RO-Si'LEX, n. Rock-flint or compact feld- 
spar, [silex. 

PET-RO-SI-Li"CIOUS, a. Consisting of petro- 

Pe'TROUS, a. Like stone ; hard. 

PET'TED,_a. Treated as a pet ; fondled. 

PeT'TI-CoAT, n. A woman's under-garment. 

PeT'TI-F6G-GER, n. A lawyer employed in 
small, mean business. 

PeT'TI-FoG-GER-Y, n. Small, mean business 
of a lawyer. 

PeT'TI-FoG-GING, a. Doing small law busi- 
ness; mean. 



I, S, &c, long. — I, £, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



PET 



329 



PHI 



P£T'TI-NESS, n. Srnallness; meanness. 

PeT'TISH, a. Given to fretfulness ; subject to 
freaks ot ill -temper.— Syn. Fretful; peevish; fro- 
ward ; captious ; cross. 

PeT'TISH-NESS, n. State or quality of being 
pettish. — Syn. Petulance ; frowardness ; cross- 
ness; fretfulness; peevishness. 

PeT'TI-ToES (pet'te-toze), n. pi. The toes of a 
pig or swine : the human feet, in contempt. 

Pk I 'TO, n. The breast ; in petto, in secrecy. 

PeT'TY, a. Small in amount, degr. e, importance, 
&c. Syn. Little; inconsiderable; trivial. 

PeT'D-LANGE, \n. Freakish passion ; peevish- 

PeT'i1-LAN-(JY, / ness. 

PeT'u-LANT (put'yu-lant), a. Manifesting petu- 
lance; fretful; cross. See Captious. 

PeT'O-LANT-LY, ad. In a petulant, or peevish 
manner. 

PE-Tu'NI-A, n. A South American flower. 

PEW (pro, n. An inclosed seat in a church. 

PE'WET \ n - The la P win S or S reen P lover - 

PEW'TER (pii'ter), n. A compound of tin and 
lead, and sometimes brass ; utensils, as plates, 
&c., made of pewter. 

PEW'TER-ER, n. One who works in pewter. 

PHa'E-TON (fa'e-ton), n. The son of Phoebus; 
an open four-wheeled carriage ; a tropic bird. 

PHA-LAN G 'GAL, \ a. Belonging to the small 

PH A-LAN'Gl-AL, j bones of the fingers. 

PHA-LAN'gES, n. pi. The small bones of the fin- 
gers and toes. 

PHAL-AN-STe'RI-AN-ISM, n. The system of so- 
cial organization proposed by Fourier. 

PHAL'AX-STER-Y, n. The residence or the com- 
mon stock of a company of Fourierites. 

PHaL'ANX, n.; pi. Piial'anx-es or Piia-lan'ge$. 
A square body of soldiers, close and compact; 
a firm combination of men. 

PHAN'TASM (fun'tazm), n. The image of an ex- 
ternal object ; hence, an idea or notion ; some- 
thing imagined; vain and showy appearance. 

PHAN-TA$-MA-Go'RI-A,> n. A representation 

PHAN-TAS'MA-GO-RY, ( by a magic lantern. 

PHAN-TAS'TIC, PHAN'TA-SY, &c. See Fan- 
tastic, Fantasy', Fancy, &c. 

PHANTOM, n. An apparition ; a fancied vision. 

PHAR-A-6N'I€, a. Pertaining to the Pharaohs 
of Egypt. 

PHAR-I-Sa'IC, I a. Pertaining to the Phari- 

PHAR-1-Sa'IC-ALJ sees; like the Pharisees; 
formal in religion; hypocritical. 

PHAR-I-Sa'I€-AL-NESS, n. External show in 
religion without the spirit of it. 

PHaR'I-Sa-ISM, n. The doctrines or practice of 
the Pharisees ; mere show of religion. 

PIIAR-I-Se'AN, a. Following the Pharisees. 

PHAR'I-SEE, n. A Jew strict in the externals of 
religion, pretending to uncommon righteousness. 

PHXR-MA-CEu'TI€, l/ cr ,'«VA /«■ Pertain- 

PHaR-MA-CEO'TI€-AL, j l " sa tlK; ' \ ing to phar- 
macy. 

PHXR-MA-CEu'TI€S, n. pi. The science of pre- 
paring medicine. 

PHXR-MA-CEu'TIST,) n. One who prepares 

PHXR'MA-CIST, / medicines. 

PHaR-MA-€6L'0-gIST, n. One skilled in the 
composition of medicines. 

PHaR-MA-€6L'0-gY, n. The science of drugs, 
or the art, or a treatise on the art of preparing 
medicines. 

PHaR-MA-€0-PCE'IA (-pe'ya), n. A dispensato- 
ry; a book directing how to prepare medicines. 

PHaR'MA-CY, n. The preparation of medicines; 

the business of an apothecary. 
PHa'ROS, n. A watch-tower or light-house. 

PHA-RYN'gE-AL, a. Belonging to or connected 

with the pharynx. 
PIIAR-YN-gi'TIS, n. Inflammation of the mem- 
brane forming the pharynx. 



PHAR-YN-GoT'O-MY, n. The operation of mak- 
ing an incision into the pharynx. 

P 1 1 A R' Y N X, n. A part of the gullet. 

PHASE (f'iize), n. ; pi. Piia'$es.J Appearance, as 

PHa'SIS, n. j of the moon ; 

transparent green quartz. 

PHeAS'ANT (fcz'ant), n. A bird of beautiful 
plumage and excellent for food. 

PHE'NIX, n. The fabulous bird that rises from 
its ashes. 

PHE-NOM'E-NAL, a. Relating to phenomena or 
an appearance. 

PHE-N6M'E-NON, n. ; pi. Phe-nom'e-na. An ap- 
pearance ; any tiling remarkable. 

PHl'AL, n. A glass vessel or bottle; a vial. 

PKT'AL, v. t. To put in a phial. 

PHIL-A-DEL'PHl-AN, a. Pertaining to Phila- 
delphia, or to Ptolemy Philadelphus. ' 

PHIL-AN-THU6P'I€, \ a. Having good will 

PHIL-AN-THRoP'I€-AL,j" to mankind; direct- 
ed to the general good. 

PHi-LAN THRO-PI ST, n. A person of general 
benevolence. 

PHI-LAN'THRO-PY, n. Love of mankind; be- 
nevolence toward the whole human race. 

PHIL-HaR-MoN'I€, a. Relating to the love of 
harmony ; loving harmony. 

PIIIL-HeL'LEN-IST, n. A friend of Greece. 

PHIL'I-BEG, n. A plaid or garment reaching 
only to the knee ; a short petticoat. 

PHIL-IP'PI€, n. A severe speech of Demosthe- 
nes against Philip, king of Macedon ; hence, a 
discourse full of acrimonious invective. 

PHIL'IP-PIZE, v. i. To utter invective. 

PHIL-O-Log'IO, \ a. Pertaining to philolo- 

PHIL-0-L6G'I€-AL,f gy. 

PHl-LoL'O-GlST,? n. One versed in the history 

PHI-LoL'O-GER, j and construction of lan- 
guage. 

PHi-L6L'0-gY, n. Primarily, a love of words; 
the branch of learning which treats of language 
and the branches connected with it. 

PIIi'LO-MATH, n. A lover of learning. 

PIIi-LO-MaTH'IG, a. Having a love of literature. 

PHi-LOM'A-THY, n. The love of learning. 

"{Fl-O-mI'La} * The ^ghtingale. 

PHIL-O-Pe'NA, n. A forfeit between two friends, 
arising out of partaking together of a double- 
kerneled almond. 

PIIi-LO-PRO-geN'1-TiVE-NESS, n. In phrenol- 
oay, the love of offspring or young children. 

PIIi'-LoS'O-PHER, n. One skilled in the science 
of nature and morals; one who devotes himself 
to the study of physics, or moral and intellectual 
science; one who takes trials calmly. 

PHIL-0-SoPH'I€, I a. Pertaining to or ac- 

PHIL-0-SoPH'I€-AL,j cording to philosophy; 
skilled in or devoted to philosophy; calm. — Syn. 
Cool ; temperate ; rational ; wise. 

PHIL-0-S6PH'I€-AL-LY, ad. According to phi- 
losophy. 

PHi-LOS'O-PHISM, n. Love of false reasoning; 
the practice of sophistry. 

PHi-LoS'O-PHIST, n. A lover of sophistry. 

PIIf-LoS'0-PHiZE, v. i. To reason as a philoso- 
pher ; to investigate phenomena. 

PHi-LOS'O-PHY, n. Literally, the love of wis- 
dom ; explanation of the causes and reasons of 
things; general laws or principles of science; 
course of science read in the schools ; coolness. 

PHlL-OS-ToR'&Y, n. The natural affection for 
those near and dear, as of parents for their chil- 
dren. 

PHIL-0-TE€H'NI€, a. Loving the arts. 

PHiL'TER (fil'ter), n. A potion or charm to ex- 
cite love. 

PHiL'TER, v. t. To charm or excite to love or 
desire by a potion. 

PHiZ (fiz), n. The face; visage ; countenance. 



dove, wolf, eook; euee, bull; vi cious. — e as k 



as z ; en as sn ; tuis. + Not English. 



PIIL 



330 



PI 



PHLE-BoT'O-MIST, n. One who lets blood with 
a lancet. 

PHLE-BoT'O-MiZE, v. t. To let blood from a 
vein. 

PHLE-BoT'O-MY, n. The act or practice of open- 
ing a vein for letting blood. 

PHLEGM (flem), n. Cold animal fluid ; watery 
humor; coldness; sluggishness; indifference. 

PHLEG-MAT'IC (fleg-), a. Abounding with 
phlegm; generating phlegm; cold; dull; heavy. 

PHLEG-MaT'IC-AL-LY, ad. Coldly; heavily. 

PHLeG'MON (flijg'mon), n. A tumor with in- 
flammation. 

PHLeME. See Fleam. 

PHLO-giS'TON (flo-jis'ton), n. Aname formerly 
given to what is now termed caloric. 

PHo'CA, n. A genus of mammals; the seal. 

PHo'CINE, a. Relating to the seal tribe. 

PIKE'NIX. See Phenix. 

PilO NkT'IC ) 

PIIo'NI€ \ °" Relatin S to sounds; vocal. 

PHO-NkT'I€S,? n. pi. The doctrine or science 

PIIoN'ICS, j of sounds; the art of combin- 
ing musical sounds. 

PHO-NO-GRAPH'I€, \ a. Descriptive of the 

PHO-NO-GRaPH'IC-AL, I sounds of the voice. 

PHO-NoG'RA-PHY, n. A description of the laws 
of the human voice, or a representation of sounds, 
each by its distinctive character. 

PHO-NoL'O-GY, n. The science or doctrine of 
elementary sounds formed by the human voice. 

PHO-NoT'Y-PY, n. A mode of printing so as to 
represent each sound by a distinct type. 

PHoS'PHATE, n. A salt formed by the combina- 
tion of phosphoric acid with a salihable base. 

PHoS'PHlTE, n. A salt formed by the combina- 
tion of phosphorous acid and a base. 

PH6STH0R, 11. Venus as the morning star. 

PHoS'PHOR-aTE, v. t. To combine or impreg- 
nate with phosphorus. 

PHoS'PHOR-A-TED, a. Combined or impreg- 
nated with phosphorus. 

PHOS-PHO-RESCE' (fos-foress'), v. i. To exhib- 
it a faint light without sensible heat. 

PHOS-PHO-ReS'CEXCE', n. A faint light of a 
body without sensible heat. 

PHOS-PHO-ReS'CENT, a. Shining without heat. 

PHOS-PHoRTC (fos-for'ik), a. Pertaining to or 
obtained from phosphorus. 

PHoS'PHOR-OUS (fos'for-us), a. Pertaining to 
phosphorus; noting an acid formed by phosphor- 
us with oxygen, two parts of three. 

PH6S'PHOR-US, 11. A combustible substance, 
yellowish, semi-transparent, and looking like fine 
wax. 

PHoS'PHU-RET, n. A combination of phosphor- 
us with a base. [phorus. 

PHoS'PHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with phos- 

PHO-TO-geN'PG, a. Producing light. The word 
is applied to taking a picture by the sun's rays. 

PHO-Tog'E-NY, n. The art of taking pictures by 
the action of light on a chemically prepared 
ground. 

Pfio'TO-GRAPH, n. A picture obtained by pho- 
tography. 

PHO-TO-GRaPH'IC, \ a. Pertaining to pho- 

PHO-TO-GRaPH'I€-AL,| tography. 

PHO-ToG'RA-PHY, n. The art of fixing the im- 
ages of the camera obscura on a coating of silver. 
See Heliogkaphy. [light. 

PHO-ToL'O-GY, n. The doctrine or science of 

PHO-TOM'E-TER, n. An instrument to meas- 
ure the relative intensities of light. 

PHRASE (frtize), n. A short sentence; mode of 
speech; style. [words. 

PHRaSE, v. t. To name or style ; to express in 

PHRaSE, v. i. To use peculiar expressions. 

PHRaSE'-BOOK, 11. A book in which phrases are 
explained. " ' [pressed. 

PHRaSE'LESS, a. Not to be described or ex- 



PHRA-SE-0-Log'I€, a. Peculiar in expression. 

PHRA-SE-OL'0-GY, n. Mode of speech ; peculiar 
words used ; a collection of phrases in a language. 
— Syn. Expression ; style ; language ; diction, 
which see. 

PHRE-NET'IC, a. Subject to strong and violent 
sallies of the imagination or excitement. — Syn. 
Wild ; erratic ; frantic ; delirious ; n. a person 
who is wild and erratic in his imagination. 

PHRE-NI'TIS, ii. Inflammation of the brain ; 
madness. 

PHRE-NO-Log'I€-AL, a. Relating to phrenology. 

PHRE-a'oL'O-gIST, n. One versed in phrenol- 
ogy. 

PHRE-NoL'O-gY, n. Science of the mind and its 
properties; particularly the science of the mind 
as connected with supposed organs of thought 
and passion in the brain and the form of the 
skull ; craniology. 

PHRE-NO-MAG'iNET-ISM, n. An excitement of 
the brain by animal magnetism. 

PHReN SY, n. Madness. See Frenzy. 

PHRT'G'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Phrygia in Asia; 
applied to a sprightly kind of music. 

PHTHiS'IC (tiz'zik), n. Habitual difficulty of 
breathing. 

PHTHiS'I€-AL (tiz'ze-kal), a. Relating to the 
phthisic ; breathing hard ; tending to ulceration. 

PHTHi'SIS (thl'^is), n. A consumption occasion- 
ed by diseased lungs. 

PHY-LAC'TER, \n. A spell or charm; among 

PHY-LAC'TER-Y, j the Jews, a parchment with 
a passage of Scripture written on it. 

PH y'LaRCH, n. The chief or governor of a tribe 
or clan. 

PH?S'I€ (fiz'ik), n. The art of healing; medi- 
cine ; a cathartic. 

PH?ST€, v. t. To evacuate the bowels with a ca- 
thartic; to treat with physic; to cure; to purge. 

PHfS'lC-AL, a. Pertaining to nature or natural 
productions, or to material things as opposed to 
moral ; external ; medicinal ; noting the training 
of the body to give it health and vigor, as of ed- 
ucation. 

PHT'S'IC-AL-LY, ad. By the operation of the 
laws of matter; according to nature, &c. 

PHY-Si"CIAN (fe-zish'an), n. One who professes 
the art of healing. 

PHyS'ICS (f iz'iks), n. $>l- The science of nature 
or natural objects ; the science of the material 
system. 

PHY$-I-OG-NoM'I€, \ a. Pertaining to phys- 

PHY£-I-OG-N6M'I€-AL,i iognomy. 

PHY$-I-OG-NoM'I€S, n. pi. Signs of the coun- 
tenance indicating the state, temperament, and 
condition of the body and mind. 

PHY$-I-6G'NO-MIST, n. One skilled in judging 
of the mind by the face. 

PHY$-I-6G'NO-MY, n. The art or science of dis- 
cerning the character from the face; the face or 
countenance, as expressive of the temper of the 
mind, &c. ; particular configuration or cast of 
countenance, &c. 

PHYS-I-6G'RA-PHY, n. A description of nature 
or the science of natural objects. 

PHYS-I-0-L66T€, \_ a. Pertaining to physi- 

PHYS-I-0-L6G'I€-AL,j ology. 

PHY$-I-6L'0-GlST, n. One versed in the science 
of living beings, or who treats of physiology. 

PHYS-I-oL'O-GY, ii. The science of the func- 
tions of all the different parts or organs of ani- 
mals or plants. 

PHY-ToG'RA-PHY, n. A description of plants. 

PIlY-TOL'O-GlST, n. One versed in plants; a 
botanist. 

PHy-ToL'O-gY, n. A treatise on plants; doc- 
trine of plants. 

PHy-TOPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on plants. 

PI, n. A term used by printers when types are 
thrown confusedly together. 



i, e, &c, long.— 1, £, &c, short— caee, fab, last, fall, what; tiieke, teem; makiise, 



bikd; move, 



PLA 



PIG 



PI-a€'u-LOUS,T a. Requiring or making expia- 

PI-A€T-LAR, j tion. 

+PI-A Ma'TER, n. [L.J A thin membrane cover- 
ing the brain. 

PI-A-NIS'SI-MO. Ut.~} In music, very soft. 

Pi'-a'NIST, n. A performer on the piano-forte. 

+ Pi-a'NO. D/i] In music, soft. 

P'i'-a'XO-EoR'TE, n. A keyed musical instru- 
ment smaller than the harpsichord. 

Pi-AS'TEK, 71. A silver coin of different values in 
different countries; the Italian being worth about 
80 cents; the Spanish b -ing the same as our dol- 
lar ; the Turkish worth 8 cents or less. 

PI-AZ'ZA, n. A covered walk or portico ; in Italy, 
a square open space. [at each end. 

PIB'-CGRN. n. A musical instrument with a horn 

Pl'BROCH (pi'brok), n. A wild, stirring High- 
land melody which is played on the bagpipe. 

Pl't A, n. A printing type of two kinds, Large and 
small, the latter being next in size to long prim- 
er; a pie or magpie. 

+PI€'A-DOK, n. [-S^?.] A horseman; one who in 
bull-fights is armed with a spear. 

PIC-A-ROON", n. A freebooter; a pirate. 

PIC-A-YuNE', n. A small coin worth 6y cents. 
[From picallon, the name of this coin among the 
French and Spanish of Louisiana.] 

PICK, n. A sharp-pointed tool; choice. 

PICK. v. t. The leading idea is that of striking, 
opening, or laying hold of with the fingers, &c, 
as to pick a bone, the teeth, &c. ; to pick fruit ; to 
pick a lock, &c. ; to seek, as to pick a quarrel ; to 
pick out, to select. — Sim. To seize ; choose ; gath- 
er ; clean ; open. 

PiCK'AX, n. An ax that has a sharp point. 

PiKTSD^H "■ Pointed ' shar P at the end - 

PICK'ED-NESS, n. The quality of pointedness; 
sharpness. 

PICK-EER', v. t. To pillage; to pirate. 

PiCK'ER, n. One who picks; a pickax. 

PiCK'ER-EL, n. A small kind of pike. 

PiCK'ET, n. A sharpened stake or pale of a 
fence ; an outguard. 

PICK'ET-GUXRD, n. In an army, a guard of 
horse and foot always ready in case of alarm. 

PICK'ET-IXG. n. A kind of torture by forcing a 
person to stand with oue foot on a pointe . stake. 

PICK'ING, n. Act of plucking; that which is 
picked. 

PICK'LE (pik'kl), n. Brine ; salt and water or 
vinegar; thing pickled. 

PiCK'LE, v. t. To preserve in brine; to season. 

PICK'LING, n. The preservation of vegetables 
or meats in vinegar or brine. 

PiCK'LOCK, n. A person or tool to open locks. 

PICK'POCK-ET,) n. One who steals from the 

PICK'-PC'RSE, j pocket or the purse of anoth- 
er, [pering parasite. 

PICK'THAXK, n. An officious fellow; a whis- 

PiCK'TOOTH, a. An instrument to pick the 
teeth. 

PICNIC, n. A party of pleasure into the coun- 
try, &c, for which the company carry with them 
their own entertainment. [ians. 

PICT, n. Literally, painted ; a name of the Scyth- 

PIC-To RI-AL, a. Done or drawn by a painter; 
illustrated by, pertaining to, or forming pictures. 

PICT'uRE (plkt'yur), n. A representation of any 
thing by drawing ; resemblance to the eye or un- 
derstanding. — Syn. Painting. — Every kind of 
drawing is & picture, whether in pencil, crayons, 
or India-ink. &c. ; a painting is a representation 
by means of color. This holds good in a figura- 
tive sense; the historian draws a lively picture, 
the poet paints in glowing colors. 

PHJT'uRE, v. t. To paint or represent. 

PICT-uR-LSQUE' (pikt-yur-esk'). a. Expressing 
that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable 
in a picture. 



PICT-uR-eSQUE'LY, (pikt-), ad. So as to have 
a picture&que effect. 

PltT-CU-E.sQUE'NESS tpikt-yur-u.ik'-), n . The 
state of being picturesque. 

PIC'L'L. See Pecul. 

1'iDDLE, v. i. To feed squeamishly; to trifle. 

Pi D'OLER, n. One that eats little : a trifler. 

PIE (pi), n. Paste baked with something in it or 
under it; the magpie. 

PlE'BALD (pi'bald;, a. Of various colors; parti- 
colored. 

PIECE (peece), n. The radical idea is that of 
something separate or distinct, as a piece of tim- 
ber or land, a 'piece of music or composition, a 
piece of work, a piece of ordnance. All of a piece 
means all of the same sort. — Syw. Distance. — 
Some, among our common people, use piece for 
distance in phrases like this : " He went forward 
a piece" meaning over a piece or portion of the ' 
road. It is hardly necessary to say that such an 
expression has no sanction in good usage, and 
ought to be avoided as a gross vulgarism. 

PIECE, v. t. To enlarge by adding a piece; to 
patch. 

PIECE, v. i. To unite by a joining of the parts; 
to be compacted, as pans into a whole. 

PIeCE'LESS, a. Not made of pieces. 

PIeCE'MeAL, a. Single; separate. 

PlECE'MEAL, ad. In or by parts. 

PIeC'ER, ii. One who pieces or patches. 

PIL'D (plde), a. Parti-colored; speckled; spotted. 

PILJD'NESS, n. Diversity of colors. 

PIeR (peer), n. Support of an arch ; a mound or 
mole to break the force of the waves; a project- 
ing wharf; a mass of solid work between the 
windows of a room, &c. 

PIeRCE (peerce), v. i. To enter, as a pointed in- 
strument; to penetrate the heart deeply; to 
touch the affections. — Syn. To bore ; penetrate ; 
perforate ; dive into ; reach. 

PIERCE, v. t. To enter; to penetrate; to dive or 
penetrate into, as a secret; to affect deeply. 

PIERCEA-BLE, a. That may be pierced. 

PIeRC'ER, n. That which pierces. 

PIeRC'ING, a. Affecting; cutting; keen. 

PIeRC'ING, n. The act of penetrating with force. 

ITeRC'ING-LY, ad. Keenly; sharply; acutely. 

PIeRC'ING-NESS, n. The "power of piercing or 
penetrating. — Syn\ Sharpness; keenness; acute- 
ness. 

PIeR'-GLaSS, n. A glass hanging between win- 
dows. 

Pi-e'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the muses. 

PIeR'-Ta-BLE (peer'-ta-bl), n. A table standing 
by the pier or wall between windows. 

Pl'E-TI$M, n. Great strictness of piety combined 
with mysticism. 

Pl'E-TIST, n. One of a sect professing great 
purity of life, and giving themselves up to a mys- 
tical style of religion. 

Pi'E-TY, n. Reverence for God and devotion to 
his service ; respectful duty to parents.— Sy>\ Re- 
ligion. See Religion. 

PIG, n. A young swine; mass of metal. 

PIG, v. t. or v. i. To bring forth, as pigs; to far- 
row ; to lie together like pigs. 

PIg'EON (pij'un), n. A bird of several species. 

PIg'EON-HuLE, n. A division in a case for pa- 
pers. 

PIg'EON-HOUSE, n. A shed for pigeons. 

PIG'-Evi?D (Ide), a. Having small, deep, sunken 
eyes. 

PIG'GER-Y, n. A pen or inclosure for pigs. 

PIG'GIN. n. A wooden vessel ; a dipper. 

PIG'-HEAD-ED,a. Having a large head ; stupid. 

PIG'-I-RON,^ n. Iron or lead in pigs, as first 

PIG'-LeAD,jT from the ore. 

PIG-MeAN, a. Yery small; like a pigmy. 

PiG'MENT, n. A paint; color for painting. 

PIG-MeNT'AL, a. Relating to pigments. 



dove, wolf, book ; euee, nuLE ; vi"cious. — € as k. ; 



j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + Xot English. 



PIG 



332 



PIN 



PiG'MY, n. A very little person. 

PiG'MY, a. Very small in size; feeble; inconsid- 
erable. 

PIG-NO-Ra'TION, n. The act of pledging or 
pawning. 

PIG'NUT, n. The ground-nut; also a variety of 
the walnut. 

PIG'TaIL, n. The tail of a pig; a cue; a small 
roll of tobacco. 

PIKE, n. A military weapon consisting of a pole 
with a sharp iron head ; a farmer's tool; a turn- 
er's implement; a fresh-water fish. 

PlKi?D (plkt), a. Ending in a point ; acuminated. 

PIKE'MAN, n. A soldier armed with a pike. 

PIKE'STaFF, n. The wooden handle of a pike. 

Pi-LAS'TER, n. A square column. 

PI-LAS'TERJS'D (-las'terd), a. Furnished with pi- 
lasters. 

PILCH'ARD, n. A small fish like a herring. 

PiLE, n. A mass or collection of things heaped to- 
gether ; an edifice or edifices ; a large stake driv- 
en into the ground; the surface of velvet. A 
galvanic pile is a succession of metallic plates, 
_&c, in a battery. 

PiLE, v. t. To lay or throw in a heap ; to fill with 
something heaped ; to drive piles. — Syn. To 
heap ; amass ; accumulate. 

PIL'E-ATE, \ a. Having or like a cap for the 

PIL'E-A-TED,j head. 

PiLE'-DRIV-ER,t n. An engine for driving down 

PILE'-eN-gINE,j piles. 

Pil/ER, n. One who forms a heap. 

PILES, n. pi. A disease; hemorrhoids; emerods. 

PIL'FER, v. t. To steal trifling things. 

PiL'FERliD, a. Stolen ; filched in small parcels. 

PiL'FER-ER, n. One who is guilty of petty theft. 

Pi L'FER-ING, n. Theft of little things. 

PIL-GaR'LICK, \ n. One who has lost his 

PILLJJD-GaR'LICK, j hair by disease ; a poor, 
forsaken wretch. 

PIL'GRIM, n. A traveler, particularly one who 
has a religious object ; in Scripture, a sojourner 
on earth. 

PIL'GRIM-AgE, n. A long journey; a visit to a 
place deemed sacred; the journey of life; time 
irksomely spent. See Journey. 

PI-LIF'ER-OUS, ) a. Bearing or producing hair; 

PI-Lig'ER-OUS, j" covered with hair. 

PILL, n. A medicine in form of a little ball ; any 
thing nauseous or disagreeable. 

PILL. To peel. See Peel. 

PIL'LAgE, n. That which is taken from another 
by force, especially in war ; spoil; the act of pil- 
laging.— Syn. Plunder. —Pillage (Ft. piller, to 
strip or peel) refers particularly to the act of 
stripping the sufferers of their goods, while plun- 
der (Ger. plundern, to bear off) refers to the re- 
moval of the things carried away. 

PIL'LAGE, v. t. To plunder; to strip by open vi- 
olence; to spoil. 

PIL'LAG-ER, n. One who plunders. 

PIL'LAR, n. A column which supports or upholds ; 
a monument; a supporter made of stone ; a kind 
of column; something resembling a pillar ; a per- 
pendicular stanchion of wood or iron under the 
middle of the beams as support of the decks in 
ships ; the center of the ring round which a horse 
turns in the manege. — Syn. Column ; foundation ; 
prop; support. 

PIL'LAR^ D (pil'lard), a. Like a pillar; support- 
ed by pillars. 
PIL-LAU', n. Boiled rice and mutton-fat, a Turk- 
ish dish. 
PILL'ION (pil'yun), n. A cushion for a woman to 

ride on ; a pad ; a low saddle. 
PIL'LO-RY, n. A frame to confine criminals by 

the neck and head for punishment. 
PIL'LO-RY, v. t. To punish by the pillory; to 

hold up to disgrace or contempt. 
PlL'LoW (pil'lo), n. A cushion to lay the head 



on ; the block which supports the inner end of 
the bowsprit. 

PI 1/ LoW, v. t. To rest or lay on for support. 

PlL'LoW, v. i. To rest or lay on a pillow. 

PIL'LoW-BI_ER,t n. A cloth cover or sack for a 

PIL'LoW-€aSE,) pillow; the sack which con- 
tains the pillows. 

PIL'L5W£D, a. Supported by a pillow. 

Pl-LoSE'J a. Hairy; covered with long, distinct 

Pl'LOUS, j hairs, as a pilose leaf. 

PI-L6S'I-TY, n. Hairiness. 

PI'LOT, n. One who steers a ship; a guide; a 
director of the course of another person. 

PI'LOT, v.t. To steer a ship ; to guide. 

PI'LOT-AGE, n. The pay or office of a pilot. 

PI'LOT-FISH, n. A fish of the mackerel kind, 
which, as seen with sharks, is said to be a pilot 
or guide to them. 

PI'LOT-ING, n. The act of steering a ship. 

PI-MkN'TA ) 

PI-MeN'To' \ n ' A s P ice ' allspice. 

PIMP, n. A pander; one who procures gratifica- 
tions for the lust of others. 

PIMP, v. i. To procure for others. 

PIM'PER-NEL,) n. The name of several plants 

PIM'PI-NEL, j found in gardens and fields. . 

PIM'PLE, n. A small pointed elevation on the 
skin, differing from a pustule by not containing 
pus or fluid. 

PIM'PL£'D,f a. Having pimples on the skin; 

PIM'PLY, j full of pimples. 

PIN, n. A pointed instrument of brass or wood ; a 
thing of little value; the central part; a peg in 
musical instruments for straining the strings, 
&c. ; a linch-pin ; a cylindrical roller made of 
wood ; the axis of the sheave in a block. 

PIN, v. t._ To fasten with a pin ; to fix. 

PIN'A-FoRE, n. A kind of apron. 

PIN'-OaSE, n. A case for pins. 

PIN'CERS, n. pi. An instrument for drawing nails. 

PINCH, v. t. To squeeze, as between the ends of 
the fingers ; to gripe ; to press hard ; to distress 
or straighten by difficulties; to try thoroughly. 

PINCH, v. i. To bear hard ; to spare ; to be strait- 
ened ; to be covetous. 

PINCH, n. A squeezing or gripe ; distress or oppo- 
sition; difficulty; time of distress from want; a 
small quantity taken up in the fingers' ends. 

PINCH'BECK, n. A yellow mixture of copper 
and zinc. 

PINCH'ERS, n. pi. A griping instrument. 

PiNCH'ING, a. Compressing or squeezing with 
violence; causing pain by constriction, as cold 
or hunger ; n. the act of compressing or squeez- 
ing. 

PIN'CUSH-ION (-kush'un), n. A pad iu which 
pins are stuck. 

PIN-DAR'I€, n. An ode in imitation of Pindar; 
a. according to Pindar's style; lofty. 

PINE, n. An evergreen tree of many spqcies, used 
for boards, &c. 

PINE, v. i. To lose flesh gradually; to wear or 
waste away from distress or longing, &c— Syn. 
To languish; droop; flag; decay. 

PINE, v. t. To wear out ; to make to languish ; to 
grieve for ; to bemoan in silence. 

PIN'E-AL, a. Noting a gland which is a part of 
the brain. 

PiNE'-AP-PLE, n. A fruit which resembles the 
cone of pines. 

PINE'-BAR-REN, n. A tract of land producing 
only pine-trees. 

PIN'ER-Y, n. A place where pine-apples are 
raised ; a pine forest. 

PIN'FeATH-ER (-feth'er), n. A small or short 
feather. 

PIN'ING, n. A state of languishing or wasting 
away. 

PIN'ION (pin'yun), a. The joint of a bird's wing 
furthest from the body ; a wing ; quill ; a small 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; there, teem; maeine, bied ; move, 



PIN 



333 



PIT 



wheel whose teeth play into a larger one ; fetters 
for the arm. 

PiN'ION (pin'yun), v. t. To bind the wings of; to 
cut off the first joints of a wing; to confine the 
arms ; to shackle, as by rules, &c. 

PIN'IONFD, n. Confined by the wings; shack- 
led ; furnished with wings. 

PiNK, n. A flower valued for its fragrance; a 
light red color ; any thing quite superior ; a ship 
with a narrow stern ; the minnow. 

PiNK, v. t. To stamp or work with eyelet holes. 

PiNK'ETFD (-ide), a. Having small eyes. 

PINK'BOOT, n. The root of the Indian herb or 
Carolina pink. 

PIN'MaK-ER, n. One whose business is to make 
pins. 

PIN'MON'EY (pin'mun-ny), n. An allowance for 
a wife's private expenses. 

PIN'NACE, n. A small vessel; also a boat of a 
man-of-war. 

PIN'NA-€LE (pin'na-kl), v. t. To build or furnish 
with pinnacles. 

PiN'NA-CLE, n. A turret; summit; highest 
point. 

PIN'NaTE, \ a. Having several leaflets on each 

PiN'NA-Ti:D,i side. 

PIN'NER, n. One that pins ; a pinmaker ; the lap- 
pet of a hood left to fly loose. 

PIN'NING, n. The act of fasting with pins, pegs, 
&c. [ces. 

PlNT, n. Half a quart; in medicine, twelve oun- 

PIN'TLE, n. A little pin ; a long iron pin to keep 
a cannon from recoiling; the hooks by which a 
rudder hangs to its post. 

PI'NY, a. Abounding with pine trees. 

PI-O-NEER', 11. A person that goes before to re- 
move obstructions and prepare the way for oth- 
ers. 

PI-O-NEER', v. t. To go before and prepare the 
way for others. 

Pi'O-NY, ) a. A perennial plant, with tuberous 

PE'O-NY, / roots and large red flowers. 

Pl'OUS, a. Reverencing the Supreme Being; de- 
voted to the service of God ; paying due respect 
to pareivts; practiced under pretense of religion, 
as 2->ious frauds. — Syn. Religious; devout; god- 
ly; holy; righteous. 

PI'OUS-LY, ad. In a godly and religious manner. 

Pi'OUS-MIND'ED, a. Of a pious disposition. 

PIP, n. A spot on cards; a disease of fowls occa- 
sioned by worms growing round and contracting 
the windpipe ; the seed of an apple, orange, &c. 

PIP, v. i. To chirp or cry as a chicken. See Peep. 

PIPE, n. A tube ; a tube with a bowl at one end 
for smoking tobacco; a musical instrument; the 
organ of voice or respiration ; the key or sound 
of the voice ; a cask of 126 gallons or two hogs- 
heads. 

PIPE, v. t. or v. i. To play on a pipe ; to whistle. 

PIPE'-CLaY, n. A kind of white clay used in 
making tobacco-pipes, &c. 

PIPFD (pipt), a. Formed with a tube. 

PIP'ER, n. One that plays on a pipe or flute. 

PIP'ER-IDGE. See Pepperidge. 

PiP'ER-IN, n. A peculiar crystalline substance 
extracted from black pepper. 

PIP'ING, a. Making a piping or whistling noise ; 
feeble ; sickly ; boiling, as piping hot. 

PIP'KIN, n. A small earthen boiler. 

PiP'PIN, n. A species of apple. 

PIQ'UAN-CY (pik'an-cy), n. The state or quality 
of being sharp, pungent, or sour, &c. — Syn. Sharp- 
ness; pungency; tartness; severity. 

PIQ' UANT (pik'ant), a. Stimulating to the tongue ; 
marked by offended feeling or severity. — Syn. 
Pricking ; sharp ; pungent. 

PIQ'UANT-LY (pik'ant-ly), ad. Sharply; tartly; 
nicely. 

PlQUE (peek), n. Offense taken ; slight and sud- 
den irritation. — Syn. Spite; grudge. — Pique (Fr. 



2)iquer, to prick or sting) denotes a quick sense 
of resentment for some supposed neglect or in- 
jury, not usually permanent or marked by malev- 
olence. Spite is a stronger term, denoting settled 
ill-will or malice, with a desire to injure, as the 
result of extreme irritation ; grudge {literally, a 
murmuring) goes still further, denoting cherished 
secret enmity with an unforgiving spirit. 

PIQUE (peek), v. t. To excite to a degree of jeal- 
ousy or anger; to value one's self, with the re- 
ciprocal pronoun. — Syn. To offend ; displease ; 
irritate; nettle. 

PI-QUiiT' (pe-kut'), n. A game at cards. 

Pi'RA-C Y, n. Robbery on the high seas ; infringe- 
ment of the laws of copyright, or robbing anoth- 
er of his writings, &c. 

PI'RATE, n. One that robs on the high seas, or 
steals another's literary rights, &c. 

Pi'RaTE, v. t. To take by theft, without right or 
permission, as books or writings. 

Pi'RaTE, v. i. To rob on the sea. 

PI-RaT'I€-AL, a. Plundering on the sea. 

PI-RaT'I€-AL-LY, ad. As pirates do. 

PI'Ra-TING, a. Undertaken for the sake of pi- 
racy. 

PiRN, n. The reed or piece of wood on which the 
woof is wound in weaving ; the yam itself so 
wound. [Scotch.'] 

PI-RoGUE', \ n. A canoe formed out 

PI-RA'GUA (pe-raw'ga), j of the stem of a tree ; 
a narrow ferry-boat having two masts and a lee- 
board. 

+PIR-OU-ETTE' (pir-oo-ef), n. A whirling on the 
toes in dancing; the circumvolution of a horse 
on the same ground. 

PIS'AS-PHALT, n. Earth-pitch ; a kind of soft, 
tar-like bitumen of a strong smell. 

PIS'€A-RY, n. In law, the right of fishing in an- 
other man's waters. 

PIS-€a'TION, n. Act of fishing. 

PIS-€A-To'RI-AL, a. That relates to fishing. 

PI8'€A-TO-RY, a. Relating to fishes. 

+PiS'Ck$ (pis'sez), n. pi. In astronomy, the fishes, 
the twelfth sign of the zodiac. 

PiS'CI-€ULT-uRE, n. [L. pisces.] The act or art 
of hatching and rearing fishes in receptacles pro- 
vided for the purpose. 

PIS-CIV'O-ROUS, a. Feeding or subsisting on 
fishes. 

•i-Pl'SE (pe'za), n. [Fr.] A style of building of 
walls made of a clayey mortar and straw in 
molds, which, dried, forms a solid mass. 

PISH, ex. Expression of contempt. 

PISH, v. i. To express^contempt by a pish ! 

PIS'MIRE, n. An insect, called also ant and 
emmet. 

PI'SO-LITE, n. A calcareous stone formed of 
globular concretions like peas; pea-stone. 

Pl-SO-LIT'I€, a. In structure, resembling peas 
stuck together. 

PIS-Ta'cHIO (pis-ta'sho), n. The nut of the 
turpentine-tree, containing a kernel. 

PIS-TA-REEN', n. A silver coin of the value of 
17 or 18 cents. 

PIS'TIL, n. The little upright column in the cen- 
ter of a flower, crowned by the stigma. 

PIS'TIL-LATE, a. Having a pistil. 

PIS'TOL, n. The smallest of fire-arms. 

PIS'TOL, v. t. To shoot with a pistol. 

PIS-ToLE', n. A gold coin of Spain, worth about 
$3 60. 

PIS'TON, n. A short cylinder of metal or other 
substance which works up and down in the bar- 
rel of a pump or an engine. 

PIS'TON-RoD, n. The rod attaching the piston 
to the adjoining machinery. 

PIT, n. An artificial cavity in the earth; part of 
a theater; a hollow of the body; a mark left by 
disease, as the small-pox ; the kernel of stone- 
fruit. 



dove, wolf, nooii ; kule, hull ; vi'cious. — € as k : (i as j ; s as z ; cu as su ; this. * Sot English. 



PIT 



334 



PLA 



PIT, v. t. To sink in hollows; to indent; to set in 
competition. 

PIT'A-PAT, ad. In a flutter ; with quick succes- 
sion of beats; with palpitation 

PITCH, n. A thick tenacious substance from the 
pine ; a point ; degree ; size ; degree of eleva- 
tion of the key-note of a tune. 

PITCH, v. t. To smear with pitch ; to cast ; to fix 
or set as a tent; to throw headlong; to regulate 
the key-note, as of a tune ; to array, as in battle. 

PITCH, v.i. To rest from flight; to fall head- 
long; to plunge; to choose, as to pitch upon a 
profession ; to set up a tent ; to rise and fall, as 
a ship on waves. 

PITCHED (pitcht),<x. Thrown headlong; set or 
fixed ; put in array; smeared with pitch. 

PiTCH'ER, n. One who pitches any thing; an 
earthen vessel with a spout. 

PiTCH'-FXR-THING, n. A play in which copper 
coins are pitched at a mark or hole ; a low kind 
of gambling. 

PITCH'FORK, n. A fork to throw sheaves, hay, &c. 

PITCH'I-NESS,ra. Blackness; darkness. 

PITCH'ING, n. The rising and falling of .the 
head and stern of a ship, &c. 

PITCHING, a. Sloping, as the side of a roof, 
hill, &c. ; smearing with pitch. 

PiTCH'PIPE, n. An instrument to measure the 
key of a tune. 

PlTCH'-SToNE, n. A volcanic rock resembling 
hardened pitch. [pitch. 

PiTCH'Y, a. Like pitch ; black ; smeared with 

PIT'E-OUS, a. That may excite pity; deserving 
compassion ; affected by pity ; pitiful ; poor. — 
Syn. Sorrowful ; wretched ; pitiable. 

PIT'E-OUS-LY, ad. In a piteous manner; with 
compassion ; sorrowfully. 

PlT'FALL, n. A pit covered for taking game. 

PITH, n. The soft, spongy substance in the center 
of plants and trees; the spinal cord of animals; 
condensed substance or quintessence, as the pith 
of the matter ; vigor of style in writing ; energy ; 
force; cogency. 

PITH'I-LY, ad. With strength or brief energy. 

PITH'1-NESS, n. Energy, sententious force. 

PITH'LESS, a. Wanting pith or cogency. 

PlTH'Y, a. Consisting or full of pith ; uttering 
energetic words or expressions ; forcible. 

PIT'I-A-BLE, a. Deserving pity ; lamentable ; 
miserable. 

PlT'1-FUL, a. Having a feeling of sorrow for the 
distressed ; tender ; compassionate ; moving to 
compassion, as a pitiful story ; exciting con- 
tempt for littleness or meanness, as a pitiful am- 
bition. See Contemptible. 

PIT 1-FUL-LY, ad. With pity; so as to excite 
pity; meanly. 

PiT'I-FUL-NESS, n. Tenderness ; compassion ; 
con temp tibleness. 

PIT'I-LESS, a. Devoid of pity ; not exciting pity. 
— Syn. Hard-hearted ; unfeeling; merciless; un- 
sympathizing. 

PtT'I-LESS-LY,ffd. Without pity or compassion. 

PIT'I-LESS -NESS, n. Destitution of pity. 

PIT'MAN, n. A man who works in a pit when 
sawing timber; the piece of timber connecting 
the lower end of the mill-saw with its moving 
wheel. 

PIT'SAW, n. A saw to be used by two men. 

PIT'TA-CAL, n. A dark blue substance like indi- 
go, obtained from wood-tar. 

PIT'TANCE, n. A small allowance. 

PIT'TED, a. Marked with hollows; set in com- 
petition. 

Pi -Tu'T-TA-RY, a. Secreting mucus or phlegm. 

Pi-Tu'I-TOUS, a. Consisting of or resembling 
mucus. 

PIT'Y, n. A tender feeling excited by another's 
distre-s; thing to be regretted. — Syn. Sympathy; 
compassion. — Sympathy is literally fellow-feel- 



ing, and therefore requires a certain degree of 
equality in situation, circumstances, &c, to its 
fullest exercise. Compassion is deep tenderness 
for another under severe and inevitable misfor- 
tune. Pity regards its object not only as suffer- 
ing but voeak, and hence as inferior. Scott, 
speaking of the Douglass, says: 

"And last, and worst to spirit proud, 
Had borne theprty of the crowd. 1 ' 

PIT'Y, v. t. To have sympathy for; to be pained 
for. — Syn. To commiserate; compassionate; sym- 
pathize with; v. i. to be compassionate; to exer- 
cise pity. 

PIVOT, n. A pin on which any thing turns ; in 
'military language, the officer or soldier who is at 
the flank on which a company wheels. 

PIX, n. A box that contains the host. 

PLA-CA-BH/I-TY, ) n. The quality of being 

PLa'CA-BLE-NESSJ appeasable. 

PLa'€A-BLE, a. That may be appeased ; willing 
to forgive. 

PLA-CXRD', n. A printed paper posted in a pub- 
lic place ; an advertisement ; a libel. 

PLA-CXRD', v. t. To post on a public place. 

PLa'CaTE, v. t. To appease; to pacify ; to quiet. 

PLaCE, n. Portion of space or ground ; rank ; 
point or degree in the order of proceeding; of- 
fice ; room ; city ; town ; village ; country, &c. ; 
space in general. — Syn. Situation ; position; spot; 
post; function, &c. 

PLaCE, v. t. To put or set in a particular place or 
condition. — Syn. To dispose; lay; fix; appoint; 
establish; locate; invest; lend. 

PLaCE'MAN, n. One holding an office under gov- 
ernment. 

*PLA-CkN'TA, n. [I/.] The soft cellular sub- 
stance which connects the embryo to the parent. 

PLa'CER, n. One Avho places or sets. 

PLX-CER' (pron. pla-thare' by Spaniards, pla-sare' 
or pla'cer by Americans), n. A place where gold 
dust is found, especially by the side of rivers, or 
in the bed of mountain torrents. 

PLACID, a. Noting a state of quietness and peace 
of mind ; not stormy. — Syn. Gentle ; serene ; 
mild; unruffled. 

PLA-CTD'I-TY, \n. Calmness'; unruffled state; 

PLaC'ID-NESS,j sweetness of disposition. — 
Syn. Quiet; tranquillity. 

PLaC'ID-LY, ad. Calmly; quietly; mildly. 

PLaC'ING, n. The act of fixing or establishing. 

PLaG'OID, a. In geology, being covered irregu- 
larly with what seems like plates. 

PLa'gI-A-RISM, n. The purloining of another's 
writings. 

PLa'gI-A-RIST, n. One who purloins the writ- 
ings of another. 

PLa'gI-A-RIZE, v. t. To steal or purloin from the 
writings of another. 

PLa'gI-A-RY, n. A thief in literature ; a. prac- 
ticing plagiarism. 

PLaGUE (pltig), n. Any thing troublesome or in- 
jurious; a pestilential disease. 

PLaGUE, v. t. To occasion trouble, injury, or dis- 
ease. — Syn. To trouble; vex; harass; annoy. 

PLaGUT-LY, ad. Vexatiously; greatly. 

PLaGU'Y (plag'y), a. Vexatious; harassing. 

PLAID (plad), n. A striped or variegated cloth, 
worn by the Highlanders in Scotland. 

PLAIN (plane), a. Without disguise, encum- 
brance, ornament, or hinderance; not rough; 
simple ; obvious ; unaffected. — Syn. Smooth ; 
flat; sincere; downright; clear; distinct; evi- 
dent; homely. 

PLaIN (plane), n. Level ground ; field of battle; 
a flat expanse. 

PLaIN (plane), v. t. To make level or even. 

PLaIN, ad. Not obscurely ; simply; distinctly. 

PLaIN'-DeAL-ING, n. Downright honesty. 

PLaIN'-HEaRT-ED (plane'-hart-ed), a. Having 
a frank disposition. 



a, £, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mae'ine, bied; move, 



PLA 



335 



PLA 



PLAIN'LY, ad. Sincerely: clearly; bluntly. 

PLAIN'NESS, n. Flatness: clearness; simplicity. 

PLaIN'-SPoK-1?N (-spo-kn), a. Speaking with 
sincerity. 

PLaINT, n. Aurlible expression of Borrow; lam- 
entation ; complaint. 

PLaINT'FT'L, a. Complaining; sorrowful. 

PLAINT'IFF, n. The person who commences a 
suit before a legal tribunal. 

PLAINT'iVE, a. Expressing or expressive of sor- 
row or grief. — Syn. Complaining; repining; sor- 
rowful ; mournful. 

PLAINT'iVE-LY, ad. As expressing grief. 

PLAINT'lVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
expressing grief. 

PLAIT (plate), n. A fold ; a doubling, as of cloth ; 
a braid of hair. 

PLAIT (plate), v. t. To double in narrow streaks; 
to braid ; to fold. 

PLaIT'ER, n. One who plaits or braids. 

PLAN, n. Anything devised or projected ; the rep- 
resentation of any thing drawn. — Syn. Scheme; 
project; draft; model; sketch. See Scheme. 

PLAN, v. t. To form a draft of any intended work ; 
to form in design. — Syn. To sketch ; model ; 
scheme ; contrive. 

PLANCH, v. t. To plank; to cover with planks. 

PLANCH'ET, n. A Hat piece of metal or coin. 

PLANCH'ING, 7i. The laying of boards in a build- 
ing; a floor of boards or planks. 

PLANE, n. A joiner's tool for smoothing boards ; 
sf level surface ; a button-wood or sycamore tree. 

PLANE, a. Without elevations or depressions. — 
Syn. Level ; even ; flat ; smooth. 

PLaNE, v. t. To smooth with a plane; to remove 
inequalities of surface. 

PLaN2?D, a. Made smooth ; leveled. 

PLAN'ET, n. A celestial body revolving about 
the sun in an orbit nearly circular. 

PLAN-ET-A'RI-UM, n. An astronomical machine 
for representing the motions of the planets. 

PLAN'ET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to planets; con- 
sisting of planets. 

PLaN'ET-ED, a. Belonging to planets. 

PLAN'ET-STROCK, a. Blasted by a planet ; af- 
fected by the influence of planets. 

PLA-NiM'E-TRY, n. The mensuration of plane 
surfaces. 

PLAN'ISH, v.J.. To make smooth; to polish. 

PLAN'I-SPHkRE, n. A sphere projected on a 
plane ; a map showing the circles of a sphere. 

PLANK, n. A broad piece of sawed timber like a 
board, but thicker. 

PLANK, v. t. To lay or cover with planks. 

PLAN'LESS, a. Having no plan or design. 

PLAN'NER, n. One who plans or contrives. 

PLA'NO~€6N'€AVE, a. Flat on one side and 
concave on the other. 

PLa'NO-€oN'IC-AL, a. Plain or flat on one side 
and conical on the other. 

PLa'NO-CoN'VEX, a. Flat on one side and con- 
vex on the other. 

PLANT, n. An organic body usually drawing its 
nourishment from the earth; an herb; a tree. 

PLANT, v. t. To set in the earth; to fix; to set- 
tle; to people; to cultivate. 

PLANT, v. i. To perform the act of planting. 

PLANTAIN, n. A West India tree and its fruit. 

PLAN-Ta'TION, n. A place planted with trees ; 
a colony; an original settlement in a new coun- 
try; a cultivated estate. 

PLANT'ED, a. Set in the earth for propagation ; 
furnished with seeds or plants for growth ; fur- 
nished with the first inhabitants ; filled with what 
is new. — Syn. Set; fixed; introduced; establish- 
ed; settled. 

PLANT'ER, n. One that plants, sets, introduces, 
or establishes; one that settles in a new or un- 
cultivated territory ; one who owns a plantation. 

PLANT'ER-SHIP, n. The business of a planter. 



PLANT'I-CLE, n. A plant in embryo. 

PLANT'I-GRaDE, n. An animal that walks on 
the sole of the foot, as the bear; a. walking on 
the sole of the foot. 

PLANT'ING, n. The act of setting or laying in 
the ground ; the art of forming plantations of 
trees ; a. pertaining to planters. 

PLASH, n. A puddle of water ; a branch cut or 
lopped and bound to other branches. 

PLASH, v. t. To dabble in water ; to splash ; to 
cut and interweave branches; to splice. 

PLASHING-, n. The act or operation of cutting 
and lopping small trees, and interweaving them, 
as in hedges ; the dashing or sprinkling of color- 
ing matter on the walls of buildings, &c. 

PLaSH'Y, a. Watery; abounding with puddles. 

PLASM, a. A mold for metals. 

PLA$-MAT'I€, ) a. Giving shape ; having 

PLA$-MAT'I€-AL, J power to give form. 

PLAS'TER (6), n. A composition of lime, sand, and 
water, a composition of gypsum for casts, mold- 
ings, &c. ; a salve. 

PLAS'TER, v. t. To cover or daub with mortar ; 
,to cover or overlay, as with plaster; to smooth 
over; to conceal defects, &c." 

PLAS'TERJED, a. Overlaid with plaster. 

PLAS'TER-ER, n. One who overlays with mor- 
tar; one who makes figures in plaster. 

PLAS'TER-ING, n. The act or operation of over- 
laying with plaster ; a covering of plaster. 

PLAS'TIG, a. Forming ; giving form, as the plas- 
tic hand of the Creator ; capable of being mold- 
ed, modeled, &c. 

PLAS-TiC'I-TY, n. The quality of giving form ; 
capacity of being molded or modeled. 

PLAS'TRON, n. A leather pad used by fencers to 
defend the body. 

PLAT, v. i> To interweave and make flat. 

PLAT. n. A level piece of ground ; work done by 
interweaving or platting. 

PLATE, n. A piece of metal; wrought silver; a 
shallow utensil ; prize at races ; impression from 
an engraving; a solid page of metal to print 
from; the piece of timber which supports the 
ends of rafters. 

PLaTE, v. t. To cover or adorn with plate; to 
beat to a lamina ; to arm with plate or metal for 
defense. 

+PLA-TEAU' (pla-to'), n. lFr.~\ A broad, flat 
space ; a large ornamented center dish. 

PLAT'ED, a. Covered or adorned with plate; 
armed with plate; beaten into plates. 

PLATE'-GLASS, n. A fine kind of glass cast in 
thick plates for mirrors and windows. 

PLAT'EN, n. The fiat part of a printing-press by 
which the impression is made. 

PLAT'FORM, n. Horizontal delineation or 
sketch; floor of boards or planks; a terrace; 
plan: scheme: system of church government. 

PLAT'ING, n. The art or operation of covering 
any thing with plate, or with a metal, particular- 
ly of overlaying a baser metal with a thin plate 
of silver, &c. 

PLAT'I-NUM,) n. A metal heavier than gold, 

PLAT'I-NA, ) and resembling silver in color. 

PLAT'ITuDE, n. The quality of dullness; in- 
sipidity. 

PLA-T6N T/ I€. a. Relating to Plato : refined ; 
pure. Platonic love, pure, spiritual love subsist- 
ing between the sexes. 

PLA'TO-NISM, n. The doctrines of Plato, who 
believed in one God as having created the uni- 
verse according to perfect patterns or ideas ex- 
isting in his own mind and the nature of things. 

PLA TO-N1ST, n. One who adheres to Plato. 

PLa'TO-NiZE, v. i. To adopt or disseminate 
Plato's views ; v. t. to explain on the principles 
of the Platonic school. 

PLA-TOON', 11. A small body of soldiers. 

PLAT'TER, n. A large, broad shallow dish. 



1)6ve, wolf, book; rule, ByLX^r'vi"cious. — -e as k 



as z ; cu as en ; this. * 2*ot English. 



PLA 



336 



PLE 



PLaT'TING, n. Slips of cane, straw, &c, plat- 
ted or woven together. 

PLAUDTT, n. Praise bestowed. — Syn. Com- 
mendation ; approbation; applause; praise. 

PLAUD'IT-O-RY, a. Commending by applause. 

PLAU-iSI-BiL'I-TY, ) n. Speciousness , show of 

PLAU'SI-BLE-NESS, j right or propriety. 

PLAU'SI-BLE (plau'ze-bl), a. Adapted to satisfy 
or convince, as & plausible story. — Syn. Specious. 
— Both these words have a bad sense. Plausible 
denotes that which seems to satisfy the ear, and 
yet leaves distrust in the judgment ; specious 
that which carries a fair appearance to the eye, 
and yet may cover something false. Many plaus- 
ible arguments and specious pretenses have been 
brought forward to defend the cause of wicked- 
ness. 

PLAU'SI-BLY, ad. With specious, fair show. 

PLAU'iSiVE, a. Applauding ; plausible. 

PLaY <pla), v. i. Literally, to send forth ; to act 
freely ; hence, to sport, as a child plays ; to per- 
form, as an actor ; to trifle ; to use a musical in- 
strument ; to gamble. 

PLaY, v. t. To put in action or motion ; to per- 
form. — Syn. To sport; trifle; frolic. 

PLaY, n. Literally, a sending forth ; hence, free 
action, as the play of a wheel; sport; amuse- 
ment, as the plays of childhood ; manner of act- 
ing, as fair play; a drama to be acted. — Syn. 
Sport: frolic; game; employment. 

PLaY '-BILL, n. A printed scheme of a play, with 
the order of acting. 

PLaY'ER, n. One that plays; a performer. 

PLaY'FUL, a. Full of play; sportive; merry. 

PLaY'-HOUSE, n. A house for acting plays in. 

PLa Y'ING, n. The act of performing at an exhi- 
bition on an instrument. 

PLaY'MaTE, n. A play-fellow ; companion in 
play. [waggish. 

PLaY'SoME (pla'sum), a. Playful; wanton; 

PLaY'THING, n. A toy ; a thing for amusement. 

PLaY'-WRiGHT (-rite), n. A maker of plays. 

PLeA (pie), n. That which is alleged in support 
of a cause or in defense or justification ; a suit 
or process in court; urgent prayer or entreaty. 

PLEAD (pleed), v. i. tpret. and pp. Plead'ed, not 
Pled.] To argue in support of or against a prop- 
osition, claim, &c. ; to supplicate earnestly. 

PLEAD, v. t. ipret. andjj>j>. Plead'ed, not Pled.] 
To discuss, defend, and maintain by argument ; 
to allege. 

PLeAD'ER, n. One who pleads or alleges. 

PLeAD'ING, n. Allegation; act of supporting a 
cause. 

PLeAD'INGS (pleed'ingz), n. In law, the mutual 
altercations between the plaintiff and defendant, 
or written statements of the parties to uphold 
their claims. 

PLeAS'ANT (plez'ant), a. Affording gratifica- 
tion; contributing to enjoyment; characterized 
by sport or humor ; adapted to mirth rather than 
use. — Syn. Agreeable; gay; cheerful; pleasing; 
enlivening; merry; sportive; humorous; amus- 
ing ; witty. See Pleasing. 

PLeAS'ANT-LY (pLz'ant-), ad. So as to please 
or gratify ; gayly ; merrily ; ludicrously. 

PLeAS'ANT-RY, n. Sprightly talk; cheerful- 
ness. 

PLEASE (pleez), v. t. To afford gratification ; to 
delight ; to satisfy ; to prefer. 

PLEASE, v. i. To have satisfaction or preference ; 
to comply; to like. 

PLEASED (pleezd), a. Gratified; agreeably af- 
fected. 

PLeAS'ER (ple'zer), n. One who gives pleasure. 

PLeAS'ING-, a. Giving pleasure or satisfaction. 
Syn. Pleasant; agreeable. — Pleasant is more par- 
ticularly applied to things in the concrete, as 
pleasant weather, a, pleasant day, ride, situation, 
&c. A late English writer says, "It was former- 



ly used to describe merry and playful conversa- 
tion, or a jocose and lively person, but is now in 
a great measure withdrawn from persons and ap- 
plied to things." When we apply pleasing to 
things, it is usually in their abstract relations, as 
a pleasing variety, interchange, &c. In respect 
to persons, pleasing is generally used to describe 
personal qualities, as a pleasing address, counte- 
nance, &c. Agreeable is more used of social 
qualities and relations, as an agreeable conversa- 
tion, agreeable society, &c. These distinctions, 
however, are not in all cases very accurately ob- 
served. 

PLeAS'ING, n. The act of gratifving. 

PLeAS'ING-LY, ad. So as to "please or give 
pleasure. 

PLEAS'ING-NESS, n. Quality of giving pleasure. 

PLEAS'UR-A-BLE (plezh'ur-a-bl), a. Giving 
pleasure. 

PLeAS'UR-A-BLY, ad, With pleasure. 

PLEAS'URE (plezh'ur), n, Gratification of the 
6enses or mind ; agreeable sensations or emo- 
tions; what the mind dictates or prefers. — Syn. 
Delight; gratification; charm; purpose; determ- 
ination, [tion. 

PLEAS'URE (plSzh'ur), v. t. To afford gratifica- 

PLeAS'URE-GROUND, n. A ground laid out in 
an ornamental manner. 

PLE-Be'IAN (ple-be'yan), a. Pertaining to or 
consisting of common people. 

PLE-Be'IAN (ple-bG'yan), n. One of the common 
people. 

PLE-Be'IAN-ISM, n. Manners of low people. 

PLED. This word is often used instead of plead- 
ed for the pret. and pp. of the verb to Plead, as 
he pled or has pled the cause ably. This is not 
sanctioned by good authorities in England. 

PLEDGE, n. A pawn; a deposit as security; in 
law, bail or surety ; a drinking of health ; ear- 
nest, which see. 

PLEDGE, v. t. To deposit as security; to pawn; 
to warrant; to drink to the health of another; to 
engage by promise or declaration. 

PLEDG-EE', n. One to whom a pledge is given. 

PLeDg'ER, n. He who deposits a pawn or makes 
a pledge. 

PLeDg'ET, n. A small, flat tent of lint laid over 
a wound. 

PLE'IAD (plG'yad), n. One of the Pleiads. 

PLE'lADS_(plc'yadz), ) n. pi. A cluster of 

PLe'IAD-eS (pl(]'ya-dez),J seven stars in Tau- 
rus. 

PLE'NA-RI-LY, ad. Fully ; completely. 

PLe'NA-RI-NESS, n. Fullness; completeness. 

PLe'NA-RY, a. Full; entire; complete. 

PLE-NiP'O-TENCE, n. Fullness of power. 

PLE-NiP'O-TENT, a. Possessed of full power. 

PLEN-I-PO-TEN'TIA-RY, n. One having full 
power to transact any business ; usually an eni- 
bassadorat a foreign court with full powers. 

PLEN'I-TuDE, n. Fullness; completeness. 

PLeN'TE-OUS, a. Sufficient for every purpose; 
having or yielding abundance ; ready to bestow 
liberally. — Syn. Plentiful; abundant; ample; 
full; fertile. 

PLeN'TE-OUS-LY, ad. In great abundance. 

PLeN'TE-OUS-NESS, n. Abundance; copious 
supply. 

PLEN'TI-FUL, a. Adequate to every purpose; 
yielding abundant crops; affording ample sup- 
ply. — Syn. Copious; ample; exuberant; fruitful. 

PLeN'TI-FUL-LY, ad. Copiously; with ample 
supply. 

PLeN'TI-FLL-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being plentiful. 

PLeN'TY, n. Full or adequate supply.— Syn. Co- 
piousness ; abundance, which see. 

PLEN'TY, a. la great number; abundant; copi- 
ous ; plentiful. 

PLE'O-NASM, n. Redundancy of words. 



A, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — oaee, far, last, fall, what ; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



PLE 



337 



PLU 



PLE-0-NAS'TI€, ) o. Partaking of redun- 

PLE-0-NAS'TI€-AL, j dance; redundant. 

PLE-SI-O-SAU'RUS, n. A species of extinct liz- 
ard. 

PLicTH'O-RA, n. Fullness of blood ; repletion. 

PLETH'O-RI'C, a. Having a full habit of body. 

PLEO'RA, a. The membrane that covers the in- 
side of the thorax and invests the lungs. 

PLEu'RI-SY, n. An inflammation of the pleura. 

PlS-r!t'!€-AL,[ a - Diseascd with P^urisy. 

PLkX'I-! ORM, a. Having the form of network. 

PLiSX'US, n. Any union of vessels, nerves, fibers, 
&c, like network. 

PLf-A-Bi L'I-T Y, \_ n. The quality of bending or 

PLi'A-BLE-NESS,j yielding; fiexibleness. 

PLi'A-BLE, a. Easily yielding to pressure, or 
easy to be bent. — Syn. Flexible; pliant; supple; 
limber. 

PLi'AN-CY, n. Easiness to be bent or to yiefd. 

PLl'ANT, a. Easily bent; that may be easily 
molded to a different shape ; easy to be persuad- 
ed. — Syn. Flexible , limber ; supple ; ductile ; 
tractable ; docile ; obsequious. 

PLl'ANT-NESS, n. Flexibility; quality of being 
flexible. 

+PLi'€A, n. [L.] A disease in which the hair is 
clotted by a viscous humor. 

PU'S VTED \ a - Plaited ; folded like a fan - 

PLl'ERS, n. pi. A kind of pincers to seize and 
bend small things. 

PLIGHT (pllte), v. To pledge, as the hand, faith, 
vows, honor, or truth. 

PLIGHT (pllte), n. State of being involved ; con- 
dition; case; pledge. 

PLIGHT'ED, a. Pledged. 

PLTGHT'ER, n. One that pledges. 

PLINTH, n. The fiat part at the bottom of a col- 
umn in the form of a square brick or tile, &c, in 
a wall; two or three rows of bricks projecting 
from the face. 

PLl'O-CENE, a. A term applied to the most mod- 
ern tertiary deposits in which the fossils are of 
recent species. 

PLOD, v. i. To travel or work slowly ; to drudge ; 
to study closely. 

PLOD'DING, a. Diligent but slow in execution. 

PLOT, n. A flat or small extent of ground ; a 
plantation laid out ; in surveying, a plan or 
draught of the field delineated on paper, as the 
plot of a field. 

PLOT, n. Any scheme of a complicated nature ; 
the plan of a dramatic composition, novel, &c. — 
Syn. Stratagem ; intrigue ; plan ; contrivance. 

PL6T, v. t. To make a plan of; to delineate, as 
in surveying ; to plan ; to project. 

PLOT, v. L To contrive a scheme of wickedness 
against another; to devise mischief; to scheme. 

PLoT'TING, n. The act of contriving or forming 
schemes ; the act of laying down a survey. 

PLOUGH. See Plow. 

PLOVER (pluv'er), n. A bird of several species. 

PLOW, I n. An instrument to turn and break 

PLOUGH, J the soil; a machine used by book- 
binders for cutting the edges of books; a kind of 
plane used by joiners; figuratively, tillage. 

PLOW, \ v. t. To trench and turn up the 

PLOUGHS ground. 

PLOW, f v. i. To turn up ground with a plow 

PLOUGH,) in order to sow seed; to furrow or 
divide ; to run through, as to plow the seas ; to 
labor at a calling. 

PLOW'A-BLE, a. That may be plowed. 

PLOW'-BOY, \ n. A boy that drives or guides 

PLOUGH'-BOY,) a team in plowing. 

PLOWED, ) a. Turned up with a plow; fur- 

PLOUGHtfDJ rowed. 

PLOWING, ) n. The operation of turning up 

PLOUGHING, j ground with a plow. 



PLOW-LAND, \ n. Land that is or has been 

PLOUGH'-LAND,j plowed ; tillage ground. 

PLOWMAN, \ n. One who holds the plow; a 

PLOUGH'MAN,/" husbandman ; a rustic or 
hardv laborer. 

PLOW'SHARE (4),\ n. The iron that cuts the 

PLOUGH'SHARE, J ground below. 

PLuCK, v. t. To pull with sudden force, or off, out, 
from, &c. ; to snatch; to strip off. 

PLuCK, n. The heart, liver, and lights of an ani- 
mal ; in figurative languaqe, courage. 

PLuCK JED (plfikt), a. Pulled off; stripped of 
feathers or hair. 

PLfiG, n. The stopper of a hole in a vessel or 
cask. 

PLuG, v. t. To stop with a plug ; to make tight by 
stopping a hole. 

PLuG'GING, n. A stopping or closing with a plup;. 

PL0M, n. A fruit of many varieties ; a raisin ; the 
sum of £100,000 sterling. 

PLu'MAOE, n. The feathers of a bird. 

PLuMB (plum), n. A mass of lead on a line. 

PLuMB (plum), a. Perpendicular to the horizon; 
standing according to a plumb-line. 

PLuMB (plum), ad. In a perpendicular direction ; 
directly or suddenly. 

PLuMB (plum), v. t. To adjust by a plumb-line; 
to sound. 

PLUM-BA&'I-NOUS, a. Like or partaking of 
plumbago. 

PLUM-Ba'GO, n. Graphite ; a combination of 
carbon and iron, popularly called black-lead. 

PLuM'BE-AN, \ a. Consisting of lead ; resem- 

PLuM.'BE-OUS,{ blinglead; dull; stupid. 

PLfiMB'ER (pliim'mer), n. One who works in lead. 

PLuMB'ER-Y (plum'mer-y), n. Work done by a 
plumber; the art of casting or working lead, 
making sheets and pipes of lead, &c. ; works in 
lead ; place where lead is wrought. [in lead. 

PLuMB'ING, n. The art of casting and working 

PLuMB'-LiNE (pliini'-), n. A perpendicular line, 
or line directed to the center of gravity in the 
earth ; a line with a weight at the end to determ- 
ine the perpendicular. 

PLuMB'-RuLE, n. A narrow board with a plumb- 
line and a perpendicular mark through the mid- 
dle, used by builders. 

PLuM'-€aKE, n. A cake with raisins, &c. 

PLiriE, n. The feather of a bird; ornament; 
to^en of honor; prize of contest; the ascending 
part of a seed ; pride ; towering mien. 

PLuME, v. t. To pick and adjust feathers; to 
strip; to adorn; to pride; to value. 

PLuME'LESS, a. Destitute of feathers. 

PLu'MI-PED, n. A bird that has feathers on its 
feet. , 

PLfiM'MET, n. A long piece of lead for sound- 
ing; an instrument to show a perpendicular; any 
weight ; a piece of lead used by boys to rule lines 
with. 

PLu'MoSE, la Feathery or resembling feath- 

PLu'MOUS,f ers; having hair growing on the 
sides, as a bristle. 

PLuMP, a. Swelled with fat or flesh; having a 
full skin ; unqualified, as a lie. — Syn. Fat ; sleek ; 
full ; round ; blunt ; unreserved. 

PLuMP, v. t. To fatten ; to swell ; to dilate. 

PLuMP, v. i. To plunge or fall, as a heavy mass 
or lump ; to fall suddenly ; to enlarge to full- 
ness ; to be swelled. 

PLuMP, ad. With a sudden fall ; heavily. 

PLuMP'ER, n. Something to swell the cheeks; a 
full, unqualified lie ; an exclusive vote. 

PLuMP'LY, ad. Fully; without reserve. 

PLuMP'NESS, n. The state of fatness; fullness. 

PLuM'-PUD-DING, n. A pudding with raisins, 
&c. 

PLuM'Y, a. Full of plumes; adorned with plumes. 

PLuN'DER, n. Spoil taken and carried away by 
open force. — Syn. Baggage ; luggage. — In some 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vi"cious. — e as k; q as j; s as z; cuassn; this. * Not Englisii. 



PLU 



POI 



of the Western states a traveler's baggage is fa- 
miliarly called plunder. This strange use of the 
term is probably derived from the Germans who 
abound in that quarter, plunder being a vulgar 
term in German for baggage, from pliindern, to 
carry or bear off. 

PLuN DER, v. t. To take by pillage or open force ; 
to take by robbery. — Syn. To pillage ; to spoil; to 
rob ; to sack ; to rifle. 

PLuN'DER-ER, n. A pillager; a robber. 

PLuN'DER-ING, a. Pillaging; robbing. 

PLuNgE, v. t. To thrust into something liquid 
or soft ; to baptize by immersion ; to drive into 
any state in which the thing is considered as sur- 
rounded. 

PLuNgE, v. i. To pitch ; to drive; to rush. 

PLuNgE, n. A thrusting into a fluid or soft sub- 
stance ; act of pi unging. 

PLuNg'ER, n. He or that which plunges; a long 
solid cylinder or forcer in pumps. 

PLuNg'ING, a. Driving; rushing headlong; in 
war, applied to a fire poured down from guns 
above or on a height. 

PLU-PeR'FECT, a. Noting the tense by which 
is expressed an action or event that took place 
before some other past action or event. 

PLu'RAL, a. Consisting of two or more ; in gram- 
mar, applied to the number which designates 
more than one. 

PLu'RAL-IST, n. A clergyman who holds two or 
more ecclesiastical benefices. 

PLU-RaL'I-TY, n. A number more than one, or 
greater than any other, and less than half. Plu- 
rality of votes is when one candidate has more 
than any other, but not as many as all others to- 
gether. See Majority. 

PLu'RAL-LY, ad. So as to imply more than one. 

PLuS. The sign +, noting addition. 

PLuSH, n. Shag; a species of shaggy cloth, with 
a velvety nap on one side. 

PLu'TO, n. In mythology, the god of the infernal 
regions. 

PLU-To'NI-AN,? n. One who holds that mount- 

PLu'TO-NIST, f ains, &c, were formed by the 
action of fire. [Plutonists. 

PLU-ToN'I€, a. Designating the system of the 

PLu'VI-AL, \ a. Relating to rain.— Syn. Show- 

PLD'VI-OUS, ) ery; rainy; wet; humid. 

PLU-VI-AM'E-TEK, n. A rain-gage ; an instru- 
ment for ascertaining the quantity of water that 
falls in rain. 

PLy, v. t. To put or bend to with force; to em- 
ploy or practice with diligence, &c. ; to solicit 
with pressing importunity. — Syn. To urge; press; 
strain ; force. 

PLY, v. i. To urge; to busy one's self; to yield; 
to try to make progress against the wind, &c. 

PLY, n. A fold or plait ; a bend ; a bias. 

PLTTNG, n. Urgent solicitude; effort to make 
way against the wind. 

PNEu-MXT'IC, \ (n'.-mat'ik), a. Consisting of 

PNEu-MaT'I€-AL,j or pertaining to air; moved 
by air. 

PNEu-MaT'I€S (ml-mat'iks), n. pi. The science 
of the air and of the gases; treatise on elastic 
fluids. 

pne1'mo-ny A ' } n - Inflammation of the lun s s - 

PNEu-M6N'I€, a. Pertaining to the lungs ; n. pi. 
medicines for affections of the lungs. 

PNEu-MO-Ni'TIS, n. In medicine, inflammation 
_of the lungs. 

PoACH, v. t. To boil slightly; to steal game; to 
tread soft ground and leave deep tracks. 

PoACH, v. i. To be trodden with deep tracks. 

PoACHi? D (pocht), a. Slightly boiled or soft- 
ened ; trodden with deep tracks. 

PoACH'ER, n. One who kills game unlawfully. 

PoACH'ING, n. The act or employment of a 
poacher. 



PoACH'Y, a. Soft ; muddy ; yielding to the feet 

PoCK, n. A pustule on the skin in small-pox. 

PdCK'ET, n. A small bag in a garment. 

PoCK'ET, v. t. To put in the pocket ; to steal ; to 
pocket an affront, to receive it without resent- 
ment. 

PoCK'ET-BOOK, n. A book to be carried in the 
pocket. 

PoCK'FReT-T.E'N (-fr£t-tn), a. Pitted with the 
small-p_ox. 

PoCK'MXRK,}" n ' The pifc made b y small -P° x - 

PoCK'Y, a. Full of pocks ; infected with small- 
pox. 

PoD, n. A capsule ; pericarp or seed-case. 

P6D, v. i. To grow or swell, as pods. 

PO-DaG'RI€, U Gouty ; afflicted with the 

PO-DAG'RI€-AL,j gout, or pertaining to it. 

PODg'Y (piidg'y), a. Thick and soft, as podgy 
Jiands. 

Po'EM, n. A composition in verse. 

Po'E-SY, n. Poetry; art of writing verse. 

Po'ET, n. One who writes or is skilled in poetry. 

Po'ET-AS-TER, n. A poor poet or rhymer. 

Po'ET-ESS, n. A female poet. 

PO-kT'I€, \ a. Written in verse ; suitable to 

PO-eT'IC-AL, f poetry ; sublime ; possessing the 
peculiar qualities of poetry. 

PO-eT'I€-AL-LY, ad. With the qualities or by 
the art of poetry. 

PO-ETTCS, n. pi. The doctrine of poetry. 

Po'ET-lZE, v. i. To write as a poet. 

Po'ET-LAU'RE-ATE, n. A poet who~e office is to 
celebrate the birth-days of a prince or other spe- 
cial occasions. 

Po'ET-RY, n. Metrical composition ; the art or 
practice of composing in verse ; poems ; the lan- 
guage of excited feeling or imagination. 

POIGN'AN-CY (poin'an-sy), n. The power of 
stimulating the organs of taste, or of irritating 
the feelings. — Syn. Sharpness; asperity; keen- 
ness ; acuteness. 

POIGN'ANT (poin'ant), a. Stimulating or irri- 
tating the organs or the feelings ; producing a 
sense of sharpness or of pain. — Syn. Sharp; se- 
vere; keen; satirical; bitter. 

POIGN'ANT-LY, ad. With keenness of point. 

POINT, n. -Literally, a projection, as a headland, 
cape, &c. ; hence, something sharp or pricking, 
as the point of a knife, the point of an epigram ; 
an indivisible part, as a point of time or space; 
punctilio; a mark of division in printing, as a 
comma. — Syn. Apex ; tip ; summit. 

POINT, v. t. To sharpen ; to direct toward an ob- 
ject; to aim; to mark with characters for desig- 
nation; to mark with vo wel -points ; to fill inter- 
stices with mortar; to divide by stops; v. i. to 
direct the finger for designating an object; to in- 
dicate, as dogs to sportsmen ; to show distinctly. 

POINT 'AL, n. The pistils of a plant. 

POINT'-BLANK, a. In gunnery, having a hori- 
zontal direction; hence, direct; ad. horizontal- 
ly; directly. 

*POINT D'AP'PU'l (pwa dap'pwe). IFr.] Point of 
support; a fixed point at which troops form and 
on which operations rest. 

POINT'ED, a. Having a sharp point ; marked by 
keenness or sharpness. — Syn. Sharp; keen; se- 
vere; satirical; epigrammatic; direct. 

POINT'ED-LY, ad. With point, severity, or keen- 
ness. 

POINT'ER, n. A thing that points ; the hand of a 
time-piece; an index; a dog trained to point out 
game. 

POINTING, n. The act of marking stops ; punc- 
tuation; the state of being marked or having 
points; the act of filling crevices of a wall with 
mortar, &c, or the material to be used. 

POINT'LESS, a, Having no point; blunt; dull; 
obtuse ; stupid. 



&c, long.— I, k, &c., short. — caiie, fah, last, fall, what; tkees, teem; mae'ine, uikd; move, 



POI 



339 



POL 



POISE (poiz), n. That which causes hodies to de- 
scend ; the weight of a steelyard ; halance ; equi- 
librium. 

POISE (poiz), v. t. To balance in weight; to 
weigh ; to ascertain or examine. 

POI'SON (poi'zn), n. That which is noxious to 
life or health; figuratively, that which is injuri- 
ous to morals, &c— Syn. Venom. — Poison usual- 
ly denotes something received into the system by 
the mouth, breath, &c. ; venom something ap- 
plied externally or discharged from animals, as 
by the bite or sting of serpents, scorpions, &c. 
Venom is also more active and malignant in its 
operation than poison., and hence is a stronger 
term. 

POI'SON (poi'zn), v. t. To infect with poison ; to 
taint ; to impair or corrupt. 

POI'SON^D, a. Infected or destroyed by poison. 

POI'$ON-ER (poi'zn-er), n. One who poisons an- 
other. 

POI'SON-OUS (poi'zn-us), a. Having the quali- 
ties of poison ; venomous ; destructive. 

POI'SON-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being 
fatal or injurious to health and soundness. 

PoKE, n. A pocket ; a small bag, as a pig in a 
poke; a machine to prevent unruly beasts from 
leaping fences ; a push or punch, as with the el- 
bow, &c. 

PoKE, v. t. To thrust or push with any thing 
pointed ; to feel for. with a long instrument ; to 
stir ; to put a poke on ; v. i. to grope, as in the 
dark. 

PoKE, In. A plant, called also cocum, 

PoKE'-WEED,/" bearing berries which yield a 
_dark purple juice. 

PoK'ER, n. One that pokes ; an iron bar for stir- 
ring a coal fire ; any frightful object in the dark ; 
a bugbear. 

PO-La'€RE,T n. A vessel with three masts, each 

PO-LA€'€A,j of a single piece, &c. 

Po'LAR, a. Pertaining to the poles of the earth ; 
proceeding from one of the regions near the 
poles, or so situated. 

PO-LAR'I-S€oPE, n. An instrument for exhibit- 
ing the polarization of light. 

PO-LAR'I-T Y, n. Quality of pointing to the pole ; 
state of a body as having poles. 

PO-LAR-I-Za'TION, n. The act of giving polar- 
ity to abody ; state of having polarity. 

Po'LAR-iZE, v. t. To communicate polarity to. 

Po'LAR-IZii'D, a. Having polarity communica- 
ted to ; possessing the property of polarity. 

POLE, n. A slender piece of timber; a rod or 
perch. 

PoLE, n. One of the extremities of the axis upon 
which the sphere turns; the extremity of the 
earth's axis; the star which is vertical to the 
pole of the earth ; one of the two points of a mag- 
net corresponding to the poles of the earth. 

PoLE, v. t. To furnish with poles for support; to 
push with poles, as a boat. 

PoLE'-aX, n. A hatchet fixed on a pole. 

PoLE'-CaT, n. A small animal secreting a fetid 
liquor; the skunk. 

PoL'E-MXRCU (-mark), n. An Athenian magis- 
trate who superintended strangers, and children 
of those who died in war. 

PO-LeM'I€, n. A disputant; a controvertist ; 
one who maintains a system in opposition to an- 
other. 

PO-LeM'IG, 1 a. Controversial; engaged in 

PO-LeM'IC-AL,) supporting an opinion or sys- 
tem by controversy. 

PO-LeM'I€S, n. pi. Controversy, especially on 
religious subjects. 

PO-LeM'O-SCoPE, n. An oblique perspective 
glass for seeing objects not directly before the 
eyes. 

+PO-L£N'TA, n. lit] In Italy, a pudding made 
of maize flour. 



PoLE'-STXR, n. A star vertical to the pole of the 

earth; ab>de-star; a guide. 
PO-Li'CE' (po-leece'), n. The government of a 

city or town ; the internal regulation of a state ; 

body of civil officers. 
PO-LiCED' (po-leest'), \ a. Regulated by a sys- 
PoL'I-CI#D (pol'e-sid), J tern of laws. 
PO-LiCE'-6F-FI-CER,\ enn . o „ o ,, (n. An offi- 
PO-LiCE'MAN, | (Po-leece- ), j cer tQ ^ 

ecute the laws of a city. 

P51/I-CY, n. Art or system of government; pru- 
dence; art; stratagem; cunning; contract of 
insurance. See Polity. In Scotland, a pleas- 
ure-ground. 

PoL'ISH, v.t. To make smooth; to refine in 
manners; v. i. to become smooth; to receive a 
gloss; to take a smooth and glossy surface. 

PoL'ISH, n. Artificial gloss; elegance of man- 
ners. 

PoL'ISH.ED (pol'isht), a. Made smooth and 
glossy ; refined ; polite. 

PoL'ISH-ER, n. The person or thing that polishes. 

PoL'ISH-IXG, n. The act of making smooth and 
glossy or of refining manners ; smoothness ; 
glossiness; refinement. 

PO-LiTE', a. Having elegance or refinement of 
manners ; well bred ; characterized by courtesy. 
— Syn. Polished ; refined ; courteous ; obliging. 

PO-LITE'LY, ad. Genteelly; elegantly; court- 
eously. 

PO-LITE'NESS, n. Kind attention united to polish 
of manners. — Syn. Courtesy. — Politeness (from 
Gr. 2iolis, a city) denotes that ease and grace- 
fulness of manners which first sprung up in cities, 
connected with a desire to please others by antic- 
ipating their wants and wishes, and studiously 
avoiding whatever might give them pain. Court- 
es;j is, etymologically, that modification ofjjolite- 
ness which belongs to courts: it displays itself 
in the address and manners ; it is shown more 
especially in receiving and entertaining others, 
and is a union of dignified complaisance and 
kindness. 

P6L'I-TIC, a. Sagacious in devising and execut- 
ing measures for the public welfare, well adapt- 
ed to public prosperity; ingenious to devise and 
adopt means to an end ; Avell adapted to the end. 
— Syn. Wise; prudent; discreet; sagacious; 
artful; cunning. 

PO-LIT'IC-AL, a. Relating to a state or to public 
measures ; treating of politics or government. 

PO-LIT'I€-AL-LY, ad. With reference to a state 
or to politics. 

POL-I-Ti"CIAN (-tish'an), n. A person who is 
versed in or devoted to politics; an artful man. 

P6I/I-TICS, n. pi. The science of government; 
political affairs ; the contests of parties for power. 

PoL'I-TY, Ji. Form or constitution of govern- 
ment. — Syn. Policy. — These two words were orig- 
inally the same. Polity is now confined to the 
structure of a government, as civil or ecclesias- 
tical polity; while policy is applied to the man- 
agement of public affairs, as foreign or domestic 
policy. Policy has the further sense of skillful 
or cunning management. 

PoL'KA, n. A Hungai'ian dance. 

POLL (pole), ii. The head ; register of heads ; 
election. 

PoLL, v. t. To lop the tops of trees ; to cut off 
hair ; to receive votes at an election ; to bring to 
the poles. 

PoL'LARD, n. A tree, the head of which has 
been lopped off; a mixture of bran and meal; a 
fish ; v. t. to lop the tops of trees. 

PfiL'LEN, ii. The fecundating dust of plants. 

PoLL'ER, n. One who polls; one that lops trees; 
one that registers voters. 

POL-LuTE' (.8), v. t. To make foul or unclean ; 
to taint with guilt ; to corrupt or impair by mix- 
ture of ill ; to violate by illegal sexual commerce. 



liULK, nuLL ; vi"ciot;8. — c as k ; u as J ; s as z ; en as su , this. + Sot English. 



tol 



340 



POO 



— Syn. To defile; soil; contaminate; vitiate; 
debauch ; dishonor. 

POL-LuT'ER, n. One who denies ; one who pro- 
fanes. 

POL-Lu'TION, n. Act of defiling ; the state of be- 
ing polluted ; the effect of sin. — Syn. Defilement; 
uncleanness; impurity; contamination; corrup- 
tion ; violation. 

PO-LO-NAISE', n. A robe or dress; a dance. 

PoLT, n. Colloquially, a blow or stroke. 

POL-TROON', n. An arrant coward; a dastard. 
See Cowart>. 

POL-TROON'ER-Y, n. Arrant cowardice; base- 
ness of mind ; want of spirit. 

PoL'Y, in compound words, signifies many. 

POL-Y-ANTH'US, n. A plant with flowers in 
clusters. 

PO-LTG'A-MIST, n. One who vindicates or prac- 
tices polygamy. 

PO-LYG-'A-MY, n. Plurality of wives or husbands 
at the same time. 

PoL'Y-GLOT, a. Containing many languages; 
n. a book containing many languages; particu- 
larly, the Bible. 

P6L'Y-GON, n. A figure of many angles and 
sides. 

PO-L¥ G'O-NAL, a. Having many angles. 

PO-LYG'O-NUM, n. A germ of plants having 
many joints, as bind-weed, &c. 

POL'Y-GRAM, n. A figure of many lines. 

PoL'Y-GRAPII, n. Au instrument to multiply 
easily copies of a writing. 

PO-LY G'RA-PHY, n. The art of writing in va- 
rious ciphers, also of deciphering them. 

POL-Y-HE'DRAL, a. Having many sides. 

POL-Y-He'DRON, n. A body having many sides ; 
in optics, a multiplying-glass, called also poly- 
scope. 

POL-Y-MoRPH'OUS, a. Having many forms. 

POL-Y-Ne'$IA (-ne'zhea), n. The isles in the 
Pacific. _ 

POL-Y-Ne'$IAN, a. Pertaining to Polynesia. 

POL-Y-No'MI-AL, a. Containing many terms or 
names. 

PoL'YP, n. An aquatic animal with a cylindric 
body, and a moutn at one extremity surrounded 
by tentacles, which forms coral by the secretion 
of calcareous matter. 

POL-Y-PfiT'AL-OUS, a, Having many petals. 

PO-L?PH'0-XOUS, a. Having many sounds, as 
in echoes. 

P6L'Y-POUS, a. Of the nature of a polypus. 

P6I/Y-PIJS, n. ; pi. Pol'y-ptjs-es or Pol'y-pT. 
Something that has many feet ; a tumor with a 
narrow base. 

POL-Y-SPeRM'OUS, a. Containing many seeds. 

POL-Y-SYL- 

POL-Y-SY 

PoL'Y-SYL-LA-BLE, n. A word of more than 
three syllables. 

POL-Y-T£€H'NI€ (pol-e-tek'nik), a. Compre- 
hending many arts, as the polytechnic school. 

P6L'Y-THe-ISM, n. The doctrine of a plurality 
of gods. 

PoL'Y-THe-IST, n. One who believes in the doc- 
trine of a plurality of gods. 

POL-Y-THE-iST'IC, \ a. Pertaining to poly- 

POL-Y-THE-iST'IC-ALJ theism. 

PoM'ACE (pum'ace), n. The substance of apples, 
&c, crushed. 

PO-Ma'CEOUS (-ma'shus), a. Consisting of pom- 
ace or like it. 

PO-MaDE', n. Perfumed ointment 

PO-MAN'DER, n. A perfumed ball or powder. 

PO-Ma'TUM, n. A perfumed unguent for the hair. 

PO-Ma'TUM, v. t. To apply pomatum to the hair. 

PoME, n. The fleshy capsule or core, as of an apple. 

PoME-GRAN'ATE (pum-), n. A fruit of the size 
of an orange, filled with pulp and seed ; the tree 
producing it. 



if L-LAB'I€, \ a. Consisting of many 
ifL-LAB'I€-AL,f syllables. 



PO-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing apples or other 
larger fruits, as melons, gourds, &c. 

PoM'MEL (pum'mel), n. A knob ; a protuber- 
ance on a saddle. 

PoM'MEL (pum'mel), v. t. To beat, as with some- 
thing thick or protuberant ; to thump ; to bruise. 

POM-MeL'ION (-mel'yun), n. The cascabel or 
knob of a cannon. 

PO-MO-Log'I€-AL, a. Relating to pomology. 

PO-MoL'O-GlST, n. One versed in pomology. 

PO-MoL'O-GY, n. Art of raising fruit. 

PoMP, n. A splendid show, exhibition, or ceremo- 
ny. — Syn. Display ; pageant ; magnificence ; os- 
tentation ; splendor; parade; grandeur. 

PoMP'ET, n. A printer's ball for blacking types. 

PoMP'I-ON (pump'e-on), n. A pumpkin. 

POM-PoS'I-TY, \ n. Ostentation ; magnifi- 

PoMP'OUS-NESS,j cence; great show. 

PoMP'OUS, a. Displaying pomp or characterized 
by ostentation, &c. — Syn. Stately: showy; osten- 
tatious ; grand ; dignified ; magisterial ; boastful. 

PoMP'OUS-LY, ad. Splendidly ; with great pa- 
rade. [Mexicans. 

+P6N'CH0, n. iSp.-] A kind of cloak used by the 

P5ND, n. A body of standing water, natural or 
artificial, of any size between a pool and a lake. 

PoND, v. t. To make a pond or form a collection 
of water bv stopping a stream. 

PoN'DER, v. t. To think upon closely and delib- 
erately ; to examine with great care ; v. i. to think 
or consider closely, with on. — Syn. To consider; 
muse. — To consider (literally, to sit down by) 
means to view or contemplate with fixed thought; 
to ponder (lit, to weigh) denotes to dwell upon 
with long and anxious attention, with a view to 
some practical result or decision ; to muse is sim- 
ply to think upon continuously with no definite 
object, or for the pleasure it gives. We consider 
any subject which is fairly brought before us; we 
ponder a concern involving great interests; we 
muse on the events of childhood. 

PON-DER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The state of being- 
ponderable. 

PdN'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be weighed. 

PoN'DER-ANCE, n. Weight; gravity. 

PON-DER-oS'I-TY, \ n. Weight ; gravity ; 

P6N'DER-OUS-NESS,i heaviness. 

PON'DER-OUS, a. Having weight or force, or 
strongly impellent; being of moment or conse- 
quence. — Syn. Heavy; Meighty; massy; forci- 
ble; important; momentous. 

P6N'DER-OUS-LY, ad. With great weight. 

PON-GEE', n. An inferior India silk. 

PON'IARD (pon'yard), n. A small dagger. 

PoN'IARD, v. t. To pierce with a poniard. 

PoNT'AgE, n. A duty paid for repairing a 
bridge. 

PoN'TIFF, n. A high priest ; in modern times, 
the title of the Pope. 

PON-TIF'I-CAL, a. Belonging to a high priest. 

PON-TiF'I-CAL, n. A book of ecclesiastical rites 
and forms. 

PON-TiFT-€AL$. n. pi. Full dress of a bishop. 

PON-TiF'I-CATE, n. The dignity of high priest ; 
the papacy. 

PoN'TI-FiCE, n. Structure of a bridge. 

PON-TI-FI"CIAL (-fish'al), \ a. Pertaining to 

PON-TI-Fi"CIAN (-fish 'an), f the Pope ; pa- 
pistical. 

PON-TOON', n. A flat-bottomed boat, used by ar- 
mies for making bridges; a lighter. 

Po'NY, n. ; pi. Po'nies. A small horse. 

POOD. n. A Russian weight of 36 pounds English. 

POO'DLE, n. A variety of pet dog. 

POOL, n. A small collection or basin of water; 
the stakes played for in a certain game of cards. 

POOP, n. The highest and aftermost part of a 
ship's deck. 

POOP.ED (poopt),ffl. Having a poop; struck on 
the stem by a heavy sea. 



a, b, &c, long.— a, e, &c, short. — care, fae, last, fall, what ; tiieee, teem ; marine, eird ; move, 



TOO 



341 



TOR 



POOR,a. Destitute of property; wanting strength, 
value, fertility, or good qualities in general ; a 
word of tenderness or of contempt. — Syn. Needy ; 
indigent; barren; mean; paltry; trifling; pitia- 
ble ; small ; lean. 

POOR'-HOUSE, n. A public establishment for 
the support of the poor. 

POOR'LY, a. Indisposed in health. 

POOR'LY, ad. Without wealth, spirit, or dignity ; 
meanly. 

POOR'XESS, n. Poverty; want; barrenness. 

POP, n. A smart, quick sound or report. 

P5P, ad. Unexpectedly. 

POP, v. i. To enter or issue with a quick, sudden 
motion ; to dart ; v. t. to thrust suddenly with a 
quick motion. 

PoPE, n. The bishop of Rome. 

PoPE'DoM (pope'dum), n. The dignity or juris- 
diction of the Pope. 

PoP'ER-Y, n. The popish or Romish religion. 

PoP'GUX, n. A small gun used by children to 
shoot wads, &c. 

PoP'IN-JaY (pop'in-ja). n. A parrot; a wood- 
pecker ; a fop ; an artificial bird used in a shoot- 
ing game as a mark. 

PoP'lSH, a. Pertaining to the Pope or taught by 
_the Pope ; peculiar to popery. 

PoP'ISH-LY, ad. With a tendency to popery. 

PoP'LAR, n. A tree of several species. 

PoP'LIX, n. A stuff of silk and worsted. 

POP-LiT'F€ AL, | °" Pertainin £ t0 the ham - 

PoP'PY, n. A plant from one species of which is 
collected opium. 

PoP'u-LACE (pop'yu-lace), n. The common peo- 
ple ; the multitude ; all persons not of rank, edu- 
cation, office, or erudition ; mob, which see. 

PoP'C-LAR (pr.p'yu-lar), a. Pleasing, pertaining, 
or suitable to the people ; prevailing among the 
people; easy; plain. 

POP-u-LaR'I-TY, n. State of having the public 
favor. 

PoP'u-LAR-IZE, v. t. To make popular or com- 
mon. 

PoP'O-LAR-LY, ad. With public favor ; accord- 
ing to the conceptions of the common people. 

PoP'C-LaTE, v. i. To breed people; to propa- 
gate. 

PoP'u-LaTE, v. t. To furnish with inhabitants. 

POP-u-La'TIOX, n. The act of peopling or fur- 
nishing with inhabitants ; whole people of a 
country; the state of a country with regard to 
the number of its inhabitants, &c. 

PoP'u-LOUS, a. Full of people ; well inhabited. 

PoP'u-LOL'S-LY, ad. With many inhabitants in 
proportion to the extent of the country. 

PoP'a-LOUS-XESS, n. The state of having many 
inhabitants in proportion to the extent of land. 

PoR'CE-LAIX, n. The finest earthenware, orig- 
inally manufactured in China. 

PoR'CE-LAIX, a. Composed of or relating to 
_porcelain. 

PuRCH, n. An entrance or vestibule to a house ; 
portico ; covered walk. 

PoR'OTNE, a. Pertaining to swine. 

P6R'€U-PIXE, n. An animal with sharp prick- 
les, which he can erect as a means of defense. 

PORE, n. A minute passage in the skin or in oth- 
_er substances ; a spiracle. 

PoRE, v. i. To look with steady attention. 

ass?}**'-* 

PoR'I-XESS, n. State of being full of pores. 
PoR'ISM, n. A proposition in geometry. 
PuRK, n. The flesh of swine, salted or fresh. 
Po p K'FR. 1 

PoRK'LIXG. J" n - A y ° img h ° g ; a Pig ' 
PO-R6S'I-TY, X n. The quality of having pores 
Po'ROUS-XESS,j or many pores. 
Po'ROUS, a. Having pores or interstices. 



Partaking of or re- 
sembling porphyry ; 



I POR-PHY-RTT'I€, ? a. 
j POR-PHY-Ra'CEOUS,| 

! composed of porphyry. 

POR'PHY-RY, n. A feldspathic rock in which 
crystals of feldspar are disseminated, of red, pur- 
ple, or green colors, very hard. 

PoR'POISE (pur'pus), n. The sea-hog; a ceta- 
ceous fish. 

PoR'RIDgE, n. A mixture of meal or flour and 
water boiled ; broth. 

PoR'RIX-6ER, n. A small metal vessel. 

PoRT, n. An opening in the side of a ship of 
war through which cannon are dischargi-d; a 
port-hole; the lid which shuts a port-hole; ex- 
ternal appearance; manner of walk ; the larboard 
or left side of a ship ; a kind of wine ; a harbor. 
— Syn. Air; mien; bearing; carriage; demean- 
or; behavior; deportment; haven. 

PoRT, v. t To carry in form; to turn or put to 
_the larboard side of a ship. 

PoRT'A-BLE, a. That may be carried by the 
hand or easily ; that may be borne along with 
one. 

PoRT'AgE, n. Act of caiTying ; price of carriage ; 
_carrying place between navigable waters. 

PoRT'AL, n. A gate ; a kind of arch ; an opening 
_for entrance. 

PoRT-€RaY'OX, n. A handle for holding a cray- 
on. 

PoRT-CCL'LIS, n. In fortification, a frame arm- 
ed with iron over a gateway, to be let down for 
_defense in emergencies. 

PoRT-€CL'LIS, v. t To shut; to bar or obstruct 

PoRTE, n. The Ottoman court. 

PoRTE'-MoX-XAIE (port'-mun-na), n. LFV.] A 
wallet for carrying money. 

POR-TeXD', v.'t. To indicate something future 
by previous signs. — Syn. To forebode ; augur ; 
presage ; threaten ; foreshow. 

POR-TeXT', n. An omen of ill ; a sign. 

POR-TEXT'OUS, a. Foreboding; ominous; mon- 
strous; wonderful. 

POR-TEXT'OUS-LY, ad. In an ominous manner. 

PoRT'ER, n. One having charge of a gate ; a car- 
rier ; a dark brown malt liquor. 

PoRT'ER-A6E, ii. Money paid for carriage ; the 
business of a porter. 

PoRT'ER-ESS, n. A female keeper of a gate. 

PoRT'FlRE, n. A composition of saltpeter, &c, 
_used as a match to fire off cannon. 

PoRT-FoL'IO (-yo), n. ; pi Pokt-fol'ios. A port- 
able case for papers. 

PoRT'HoLE, n. Theembrasure of a ship of war. 

PoR'TI-CO, n. ; -pi. Poe'ti-cos. A piazza, gal- 
lery, or covered walk. 

PoR'TIOX (por'shun), n. A separate part ; part 
assigned ; the property a woman brings with her 
in marriage ; share of an inheritance. — Syn. Part. 
— Part is generic, having a simple reference to 
some whole; portion has the additional idea of 
being detached from a whole, usually with a 
view to its being allotted to some object, as a 
portion of one's time, a portion of the day, a 
portion of Scripture. 

PoR'TIOX, v. t. To divide; to allot; to endow. 

PoR'TIOX-LESS, o. Having no portion. 

PoRT'LI-XESS, n. Dignity of mien or personal 
appearance; largeness of person. 

PoRT'LY, a. Of a large and full person; com- 
manding in appearance. 

PoRT-MAX'TEAU (port-man'to). n. A bag to car- 
ry clothes in, usually made of leather. 

PoR'TRAIT, \n. A picture; a painted like- 

PoR'TRAIT-uRE,f ness, especially of the face. 

PoR-TRaY' (por-tru'), v. t. To paint ; to draw; to 
describe. 

PoR-TRaY'AL (-tra'al), n. The act of portray- 
ing. 

PoR-TRaY'ER, n. One who paints or describes. 

PoRT'RESS, n. The female guardian of a gate. 



DOVE, WOLF, UOOIi.; EULE. Hi 



J ; s as z ; cu as su ; this. 



Sot English. 



POR 



342 



POS 



PoRT'ReVE, \ n. The chief officer of a port or 

PoRT'REEVE,f maritime town. 

PoR'Y, a. Containing pores or small interstices. 

PoSE (poze), v. t. To puzzle or put to a stand. 

PoS'ER, n. One who puzzles; a close examiner; 
something that, as a question, puzzles. 

PO-$i"TIOX (po-zish'un), n. State of being placed; 
manner of standing or being placed; principle 
laid down; state of affairs in relation to others, 
&c. ; a method of solving problems in arithme- 
tic, &c. — Syn. State; condition; situation; atti- 
tude. 

PoS'I-TiVE, a. That is laid down or settled; 
hence, expressed, not implied ; actual or affirma- 
tive, not negative ; direct, not circumstantial ; 
absolute, not conditional ; settled by arbitrary 
appointment as opposed to natural; positive de- 
gree of an adjective, the unqualified form of it. — 
Syn. Direct ; explicit ; express ; real ; absolute ; 
certain; confident; dogmatic. 

P6$'I-TiVE-LY, ad. In a positive form or man- 
ner; absolutely; certainly; really. 

PoST-TiVE-XESS, n. Undoubting assurance; 
reality of existence. 

*PoS'SE €OM-I-Ta'TUS, n. The citizens in gen- 
eral, as summoned to assist the officers of justice. 

PoS-SESS' (pos-sess' or pos-sSss'), v. t. To hold as 
one's own by right of property; to have posses- 
sion of; to occupy or control by force, &sp>ossess- 
ed of an evil spirit. — Syn. To have. — Have is the 
word naturally used ; to jiossess denotes to have 
u as a possession." A man does not possess his 
wife and children : they are (so to speak) part of 
himself. For the same reason, we have (not pos- 
sess) the faculties of reason, understanding, will, 
&c, an elegant taste, a sound judgment, &c. : 
they are exercises of the mind, not possessions. 
"VVe can, however, in certain connections, speak 
of a man as 2>ossessing an elegant taste or a sound 
judgment; but in such cases our attention is 
commonly turned to some vse he is to make of 
them, and hence they are regarded as distinct 
from himself, and as part of his "possession." 
Some overlook the fact that have is the leading 
term, and use possess when there is nothing 
specific in the case to require its use. 

POS-SeS'SIOX i-r POS-SeS'SION, n. The hold- 
ing or occupancy of a thing; thing possessed; 
any thing valuable; state of being in the power 
of invisible beings, as demoniacal possession. 

POS-SESS'IVE or POS-SeSS'iVE, a. Having or 
noting possession. 

POS-SESS'OR or PO$-$ESS'OR, a. The person 
who holds or occupies. — Syn. Owner; propiietor; 
master; occupant. 

POS-SeSS'O-RY or POS-iSfiSS'O-RY, a. Having 
possession or relating to it. 

PoS'SET, n. Milk curdled with wine or other liq- 
uors ; v. t. to curdle ; to turn. 

POS-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. The power of existing or 
happening. 

PoS'SI-BLE, a. That may be; that may happen 
or come to pass. See Practicable. 

P6S'SI-BLY, ad. So that it may be.— Syn. Per- 
haps; peradventure; perchance. 

POST, in compound words, signifies after. 

POST, n. A messenger ; a public office or employ- 
ment ; a military station or troops holding it ; 
place ; a timber set or to be set upright ; letter- 
paper. 

PoST, v. t. To station; to set on a post; to carry 
_to a ledger. 

PoST, v. i. To travel with speed ; to hasten. 

PoST'AgE, n. Money paid for conveyance of let- 
ters by mail. 

PoST'AL, a. Belonging to the post-office, as post- 
al arrangements. 

PoST'-BILL, n. A hill of letters mailed by a post- 
master. 

PoST'-BOY, n. A hoy who carries the mail. 



,\n. ; 
J ri 



A four-wheeled car- 
riage for the convey- 



PoST'-cIIaI*E (-shaze), 

PGST'-€OA<JH, 
ance of passengers. 

PoST -DaTE, v. t. To date after the true time. 

PoST-Di-Lu'VI-AL,T a. Being after the flood in 

PoST-Di-LO'VI-AX,j Noah's days. 

PoST-Di-Lu'VI-AX, n. One who lived after the 
_flood or who has lived since that event. 

PoST'-EN'TRY, 11. A second entry at the cus- 
tom-house of goods omitted by mistake ; in book- 
keeping, a subsequent entry. 

PoST'ER, n. One who posts books; a courier;' 
a large bill for posting in a public place. 

POS-Te'RI-OR, a. Later in time or order: fol- 
lowing. See Anterior. 

POS-Te-RI-oR'I-TY, n. The state of being later 
or subsequent. 

POS-Te'RI-ORS, n.pl. The hinder parts of an 
animal body. 

POS-TER'I-TY, n. Descendants, or, in a general 
sense, succeeding generations. 

PoST'ERX, n. A small back gate or little door. 

PoST-FiX', v. t. To add or annex at the end. 

PoST -HASTE, n. Full speed ; ad. very hastily. 

PoST'-HoRSE, n. A horse for the use of a post- 
rider. 

PoST'-HOUSE, n. A house for receiving and 
dispatching letters. 

PdST'HU-MOUS, a. Being after one's decease; 
born after a father's death ; published after the 
death of an author. 

PoST'HU-MOUS-LY, ad. After one's death. 

PoS'TIL, n. A marginal note; originally, a note 
in the margin of a Bible. 

PoS'TIL, v. t. To wri.e marginal notes; v. i. to 
_comraent. 

PoS-TiLL'ION (pos-tll'yun), n. One who rides 
jind guides the horses of a post-chaise. 

PoST'IXG, n. The transferring accounts to a 

- _ledger ; the traveling post or with post-horses. 

PoST'-MAN, n. ; pi. Post'-men. A letter-carrier; 
ja courier. 

PoST'-MaRK, n. The post-master's stamp on a 
letter. 

PoST'-MAS-TER, n. The officer who has charge 
_of a post-office or one who provides post-horses. 

PoST-ME-RiD'I-AN, a. Being after noon. 

*PoST MoR'TEM. [L.] After death. A post 
mortem examination of a body is one made after 
_the death of the patient. 

PoST'-NoTE, n. A promissoiy note of a bank 
payable (post) after its date at some specified pe- 
riod, thus being negotiable paper. 

PoST-GB'IT, n. LL.] A bond payable after the 
_death of the obligor. 

PoST'-oF-FiCE, n. A place whei'e mail letters 
jire received for delivery and transmission. 

PoST'PaID (-piide), a. Having the postage paid. 

PoST-PoXE', v. t. To defer to another time; to 
set below something else; to put off. — Syn. To 
defer; delay; procrastinate; hinder; retard; 
adjourn, which see. 

PoST-PoXE'MEXT, n. Act of deferring; delay. 

PoST-POS'I-TiVE, a. Placed after something. 

PoST'S€RIPT, n. A paragraph, or a part added 
_to a writing. 

PoST'-TOWN, n. A town having a post-office". 

PoST'u-LAXT, n. One who makes a demand. 

PoST'tr-LATE (post'yu-late), n. A position as- 
sume_d without proof; a self-evident problem. 

PoST'u-LaTE, v. I. To solicit; to require; to as- 
sume_ without proof or without consent. 

POri-Tu-LA'TION, n. The act of supposing -with- 
out proof; the act of requiring by entreaty. — 
Syn. Assumption ; supplication ; intercession ; 
suit;_cause. 

POST'u-LA-TO-RY, a. Assuming without proof; 
assumed without proof. 

PoST'DRE (p'st'yur), n. The form or attitude in 
which any thing is placed. — Syn. Position ; situ- 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, sliort. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



P03 



13 



TEA 



ation ; Etate; condition; disposition; attitude, 

which see. [way. 

PoST'ORE, v. t. To place or dispose in a certain 
PoST'ORE-MAS-TER (post'yur-), n. One who 

practices or teaches postures. 
Po'SY, n. ; pi. Po'sies. A motto on a ring; a 

nosegay. 
POT, n. A vessel for holding or boiling liquors; 

the quantity held by a pot, as a pot of ale, &c. 
P6T, v. t. To preserve in pots; to put in pots. 
Po'TA-BLE, a. Fit to be drank ; drinkable. 
Po'TA-BLE, n. Something for drink. 
POT'ASH, n. Popular name of the vegetable fixed 

alkali from the ashes of plants. 
PO-TaS'SA, n. Scientific name of pure potash. 
PO-TAS'SI-UM, n. The metallic basis of pure 

potash. 
PO-Ta'TION, n. A drinking ; a draught. 
PO-Ta'TO, n. ; pi. Po-ta'toes. A plant and its 

esculent root. [nent belly. 

PoT'-B£L-LI£D (-bel-lid), a. Having a promi- 
PO-TEEN', n. Irish whisky. 
Po'TEN-CY, n. Physical or moral power. — Syn. 

_Strength; might; efficacy; energy. 
Po'TENT, a. Having physical power or influence 

or great authority. — Syn. Mighty ; puissant ; 

powerful ; strong ; efficacious ; able ; forcible ; 

influential ; efficient. 
Po'TEXT-aTE, n. One who has great power ; a 

prince or sovereign. 
PO-TeN'TIAL (-t.In'shal), a. Having power; ex- 
isting in possibility. 
PO-TEN-TIAL'I-TY (-shul'e-ty), n. Possibility; 

not reality. 
PO-TfiN'TIAL-LY, ad. In possibility; not posi- 
tively; in efficacy. 
Po'TENT-LY, ad. With great force or energy; 

powerfully ; strongly. 
POTH'ER, n. A bustle ; confusion ; 6tir. 
PoTH'ER, v. t. To harass and perplex; to make 

a bustle or ineffectual effort ; to make a stir. 
P6T'-HLRB, n. An herb for kitchen use. 
PdT'-HOOK, n. A hook to hang a pot on ; a 

scrawling letter or character. 
PoT'HOUSE, n. Alow urinking-house. 
Po'TION,w. A draught; a dose. 
PoT'SHERD, n. A piece of a broken pot. 
PoT'TAoE, n. Porridge ; food made by boiling 

any kind of meat and herbs. 
PoT'TED, a. Placed, preserved, or drained in a 

pot, &c. 
PdT'TER, n. One who makes earthen vessels. 
P6T'TER'S-€LaY, n. A variety of clay used by 

potters. 
P6T'TER-Y, n. The works or wares of a potter. 
PoT'TLE, n. A measure of four pints ; a pot or 

tankard. ' 

POT-VAL'IANT (-val'yant), a. Made courageous 

by liquor. 
POUCH, n. A small bag; purse ; pocket; the bag 

or sack of a bird. 
POUCH, v. t. To pocket ; to swallow, as a bird. 
P0U-CH6NG-' (poo-shong'), n. A black tea. 
+P6U-DRETTE' (poo-divf), n. [Fr.] A manure 

made from the contents of privies, mixed with 

_charcoal, &c. 
PoUL'TER-ER, n. One who sells fowls. 
PoUL'TiCE (pol'tis;, n. A cataplasm ; a soft ap- 
plication to remove inflammations, &c. 
PoUL'TiCE (pol'tis), v. t. To apply a poultice to ; 

_to cover with a cataplasm. [plasm. 

PoUL'TIOE'D (pol'tist), a. Covered with a cata- 
PoUL'TRY (pdl'try), n. Domestic fowls. 
POUNCE, n. The claw of a bird of prey; a pow- 
der used to prevent ink from spreading. 
POUNCE, v. t. To sprinkle with pounce; to fall 

on and seize, as a bird its prey, with on or upon. 
POUNCE'-BoX, n. A box for sprinkling pounce. 
POUNCED, a. Furnished with claws, &c. ; 

sprinkled with pounce. 



POUN'CET-BliX, n. A small box with perforated 
lid for perfumes. 

POUND, n. Weight of sixteen ounces avoirdupois, 
or twelve of troy ; twenty shillings ; an inclosuro 
for cattle taken trespassing or going at large. 

POUN D, v. t. To beat or bruise ; to confine in a pen. 

POUND'AgE, n. A duty on the pound or on 
twenty shillings. 

POUND'ER,n. A pestle; he or that which pounds; 
a person or thing designated from a certain num- 
ber of pounds, as a six-pounder, &c. 

POUR (pore), v. t. or v. i. To throw out, as a fluid ; 
to send forth in abundance ; to throw in profu- 
sion or with overwhelming violence. 

PoUR, v. i. To issue forth in a stream or contin- 
ued succession of parts ; to flow. 

POUT, n. A fit of sullenness; a species of fish ; a 
variety of bird. 

POUT, v. i. To push out the lips; to shoot out; 
to look sullen. 

POU'TFR ) 

POW'TER \ n ' ^ lar S e - Dreaste(i pigeon. 

POUT'ING, n. Childish sullenness. 

P6VER-TY, n. Want of the necessary means of 
support ; barrenness of sentiment or defect of 
words in composition. — Syn. Indigence; pauper- 
ism. — Poverty is a relative term ; what is poverty 
to a gentleman w r ould be competence for a day- 
laborer. Indiiience implies extreme distress and 
almost absolute destitution. Pauperism denotes 
entire dependence upon public charity, aud is 
therefore a hopeless and degraded state. 

POWDER, n. A dry substance in minute particles; 
a granulated explosive compound of niter, sul- 
phur, and charcoal; pulverized starch, &c.,used 
for the toilet. 

POWDER, v. t. To sprinkle with powder; to re- 
duce to dust. 

POWDER-FLASK,? n. A flask or horn in which 

POW'DER-HoRN, J gunpowder is kept. 

POWDER-MILL, n. A mill for making gun- 
powder. 

POW'DERY,a. Friable; dusty; easily crumbled. 

POWER, n. In a philosophical sense, the facuity 
of doing or performing any thing; force; animal 
strength ; energy ; ability ; faculty ; momentum ; 
violence; influence; command; the right of gov- 
erning ; authority ; divinity ; warrant ; right ; 
privilege. In arithmetic and algebra, the prod- 
uct arising from the multiplication of a number 
or quantity into itself. In 02Jtics, the magnifying 
effect of a lens, &c. 

POWER-FUL, a. Having great power; able to 
produce great effects. — Svm. Mighty; strong; po- 
tent; puissant; efficacious; forcible. 

POWER- FUL-LY, ad. Mighty ; with great force. 

POWER-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of having 
or exerting great power. — Syn. Might; force; en- 
ergy ; sway ; strength. 

POWER-LESS, a. Destitute of power. — Syn. 
Weak; feeble; invalid; faint; impotent. 

POWER-LOOM, n. A loom worked by some me- 
chanical force, as water, steam, &c. 

POWER-PRESS, n. A printing-press worked by 
steam, water, or other power. 

POWWOW, n. An Indian conjurer or priest, or 
conjuration with noise and dancing. 

P5X, n. A disease manifested by eruptions or 
pustules; syphilis or venereal disease. 

POZ-ZU-O-LX'NA (pot-su-o-lii'na)J n. Volcanic 

POZ-ZO-LX'NA (pot-so-la'-na), J ashes, used 
in making a kind of mortar which hardens un- 
der water. 

PRA€-TI-€A-BIL'I-TY, \n. The quality or 

PRa€'TI-€A-BLE-NESS,/ state of being prac- 
ticable ; feasibility. 

PRaC'TI-CA-BLE, a. Capable of being per- 
formed ; that may be practiced or used ; a 
practicable breach is one that can be entered by 
troops. — Syn. Possible. — A thing may be possi- 



dove, wolf, nooii ; kule, bull ; vi"cious. — o as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + A'oi English. 



PRA 



344 



PRE 



ble, i. e., not forbidden by any law of nature, and 
yet may not now be practicable for want of the 
means requisite to its performance. Archimedes 
thought it possible to lift the world, but this has 
not been found as yet practicable. 

PRAC'TI-CAL, a. That can be used or applied; 
derived from practice or experience ; noting one 
who reduces his knowledge to use. 

PRACTI-CAL-LY, ad. By use or experience. 

PRAC'TI-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being 
practical. 

PRACTICE, n. A doing repeatedly; hence, cus- 
tomary use ; exercise of a profession, &c. ; a rule 
in arithmetic to facilitate the application of the 
general rules. — Syn. Custom; habit; exercise; 
manner ; art, &c. 

PRACTICE, v. t. To do or perform frequently or 
habitually ; to pursue any art or profession ; to 
perpetrate ; to exercise. 

PRACTICE, v. i. To perform certain arts fre- 
quently, customarily, or dextrously ; to transact 
secretly ; to try experiments. 

PRA€-Ti"TION-ER (-tish'un-er), n. One engaged 
in an art or profession. 

+PR/E-No'MEN, n. [Z/.] The first name. 

PRAG-MAT'IC, \a. Forward to intermeddle; 

PRAG-MAT'I€-AL,J impertinently busy; dic- 
tatorial. 

PRaI'RIE (prii'ry), n. An extensive tract of land, 
level or rolling, and with few trees. 

PRAI'RIE-DoG, n. A small quadruped that bur- 
rows in the prairies west of the Mississippi. 

PRaISE (praze), n. Commendation ; tribute of 
gratitude; object or ground of praise. — Syn. En- 
comium; applause; eulogy; honor; glory. 

PRAISE (praze), v. t. To speak of in terms of high 
commendation ; to magnify as worthy of all hon- 
or. — Syn. To applaud; extol. — To praise is liter- 
ally to raise high ; to applaud is to greet with 
clapping; to extol is to bear aloft. We may 
praise in the exercise of calm judgment; we usu- 
ally applaud from impulse, and on account of 
some specific act; we extol under the influence 
of high admiration, and usually in strong if not 
' unguarded language. 

PRAISE'WoR-THI-NESS, n. The quality of de- 
serving commendation. 

PRaISE'WOR-THY (praze'wiir-thy), a. Deserv- 
ing praise or applause ; laudable. 

PRANCE, v. i. To spring up or bound, as a horse 
in high action ; to ride with ostentation. 

PRaNC'ER, n. One that prances. 

PRANCING, n. A springing or bounding, as of 
a high-mettled steed. 

PRANK, v. t. To adorn; to dress ostentatiously. 

PRANK, n. A capering; capricious action , a mer- 
ry trick. — Syn. Gambol; frolic; freak; sport. 

PRANK'ISH, a. Full of pranks. 

PRATE, v. i. To talk much and idly.— Syn. To 
babble; chatter; gossip; tattle; n. continued idle 
talk. 

PRaT'ER, n. An idle talker ; a chatterer. 

PRaT'ING, a. Talking much on trifling subjects. 

PRAT'i'QUE (prat'eek), n. A license for inter- 
course with a place after quarantine. 

PRAT'TLE (prat'tl), v. i. To chatter; to talk like 
a child ; n. childish talk. 

PRAT'TLER, n. One that prattles. 

PRAV'I-TY, n. Deviation from right; want of 
rectitude; depravity; corruption; perversion; 
wickedness. [teach practice. 

+PRAX'IS, n. IGr.'] Use; practice; an example to 

PRAY (prii), v. i. To ask with earnestness or 
zeal; to ask, as for a favor; to address the Su- 
preme Being with reverence, adoration, &c, for 
mercy, and thank him for favors.— Syn. To en- 
treat ; beg ; petition ; beseech ; invoke ; v. t. to 
supplicate; to entreat; to ask in ceremony or 
form. 

PRAY'ER (prare), n. The act of earnestly asking 



for a favor; a solemn address to the Supreme Be- 
ing; a formula of worship; the thing asked. — 
Syn. Petition ; request ; supplication ; entreaty. 

PRAY'ER-BOOK, n. A book with forms of prayer. 

PRAY'ER-FUL (4), a. Given to prayer; devo- 
tional. 

PRAY'ER-FUL-LY, ad. With much prayer. 

PRAY'ER-LESS, a. Habitually neglecting prayer. 

PRAY'ER-LESS-NESS, n. Total or habitual neg- 
lect of prayer. 

PRE, a prefix, denotes before in time or rank. 

PReACH, v. i. or v. t. To pronounce a public dis- 
course on a religious subject; to proclaim ; to de- 
liver, as a sermon. 

PREACHED (preechd), a. Announced in public 
discourse ; inculcated. 

PReACH'ER, n. One who preaches or inculcates 
with earnestness. 

PReACH'ING, n. Act of delivering a discourse; 
ajpublic religious discourse. 

PRe-aD'AM-iTE, n. That which lived before 
Adam. 

PRe-AD-MoN'ISH, v. t. To warn beforehand ; to 
admonish previously. 

PRe-AD-MO-Ni"TION (-nish'un), n. Previous 
warning. 

PRE'AM-BLE, n. Introductory writing, or such 
part of a statute giving the reasons and intent of 
the law; something previous. 

PRe'AM-BLE, v. t. To introduce with previous 
remarks. 

PRE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Going before. 

PReB'END, n. The stipend granted to a preb- 
endary of a cathedral. 

PReB'END-AL, a. Pertaining to a prebend. 

PR£B'END-A-RY, n. The stipendiary of a cathe- 
dral or of a collegiate church. 

PRE-€a'RI-OUS, a. Held by a doubtful tenure; 
liable to fail or be lost at any moment. — Syn. Un- 
certain. — Precarious is stronger than uncertain. 
Derived originally from the Latin precor, it first 
signified "granted to entreaty," and hence "whol- 
ly dependent on the wilf of another." Thus it 
came to express the highest species of uncertain- 
ty, and is applied to such things as depend whol- 
ly on future casualties. [ently. 

PRE-€A'RI-OUS-LY, ad. Uncertainly; depend- 

PRE-€A'RI-OUS-NESS, n. State of uncertainty; 
doubt; dependence. 

PReC'A-TiVE, \ a. Noting supplication ; be- 

PRe€'A-TO-RY,j seeching. 

PRE-CAU'TION, n. Previous care or measure. 

PRE-€AU'TION, v. t. To warn beforehand for 
preventing mischief or securing good. 

PRE-€AU'TION-AL, \ a. Consisting of pre- 

PRE-€AU'TION-A-RY,i vious precaution. 

PRE-GAU'TIOUS, a. Taking preventive meas- 
ures. _ 

PRE-CeDE', v. t. To go before in rank or time ; 
to cause something to go before. 

PRE-CeD'ENCE, \n. A going before; priority 

PRE-CeD'EN-CY, j" of time ; superior rank ; im- 
portance or influence. — Syn. Priority; prefer- 
ence ;_ pre-eminence ; superiority. 

PRE-CeD'ENT, a. Going before ; anterior ; ante- 
cedent. 

PReCE-DENT (pres'-), n. Some instance of a like 
kind; something which may serve for a rule in 
subsequent cases of a like nature. — Syn. Exam- 
ple. — An example is a similar case which may 
serve as a guide, but has no authority out of it- 
self. A precedent is something which comes 
down to us from the past with the sanction of 
usage and of common consent. We quote exam- 
ples in literature and precedents in law. 

PReC'E-DENT-ED (prcs'e-dent-ed), a. Author- 
ized by an example. 

PRE-CeD'ING, a. Going before in time, rank, 
&c. — Syn. Previous; antecedent; foregoing; an- 
terior. 



a, 1, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — caee, fab, last, fall, what; tu£ke, teem; mak'ine, isiim; move, 



PRE 



34; 



PRE 



PKE-C£N'TOR. n. One who leads the choir of a 
cathedral or the congregational singing of some 
denominations. 

PRE'CEPT, n. Any thing commanded as a rule 
of action, particularly as to moral conduct.— Syn. 
Mandate; order; injunction ; law; doctrine, which 
see. 

PRE-CkP'TiVE, a. Giving precepts ; directing in 
conduct ; didactic. 

PRE-CeP'TOR, n. A teacher; a principal of an 
academy, &c. 

PRE-CEP-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a preceptor. 

PEE-CeP'TO-RY, a. Giving precepts. 

PRE-CeP'TRESS, n. A female teacher. 

PRE-CES'SION (pre-sesh'un), n. A going before ; 
motion of the equinox to the westward. 

PRE'CINGT, n. A boundary, the territory or dis- 
trict within the limits of authority. 

PRK"CIOUS(pr2sh'us),a. Of great price; of great 
value; much esteemed; used ironically, worth- 
less; contemptible. 

PRe"CIOUS-LY (prosh'us-ly), ad. To a great 
price ; in irony, contemptibly. 

PRe"CIOUS-NESS, n. Great value or worth. 

PReC'I-PICE (prcs'e-pis), n. A descent of land or 
rock, perpendicular or nearly so. 

PRE-C1P'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be thrown down 
or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution. 

PRE-CIP'I-TANCE, \n. Great or rash haste.— 

PRE-CiP'I-TAN-CY, J Syn. Hastiness; rashness ; 
hurry. 

PRE-CiPT-TANT, a. Rashly hasty ; rushing head- 
long ; unexpectedly brought on ; n. that which 
precipitates a substance from its solution. 

PRE-CiP'I-TANT-LY, ad. With great haste. 

PRE-CIP'I-TATE, n. A substance thrown to the 
bottom of a vessel from a chemical solution. 

PRE-CiP'I-TaTE, v. t. To throw headlong; to 
hasten; to hurry blindly or rashly; to throw to 
the bottom of a vessel from solution. 

PRE-CiP'I-TaTE, v. i. To fall headlong; to fall 
as a sediment from a solution. 

PRE-OiP'I-TATE, a. Very hasty; adopted with- 
out deliberation. — Syn. Steep; headlong; rash; 
headstrong ; violent. 

PRE-CiP'1-TATE-LY, ad. In blind, rash haste. 

PRE-CiP-I-Ta'TION, n. Rash haste ; a casting, 
falling, flowing, or rushing down; the throwing 
to the bottom any substance held in solution. 

PRE-CiP'I-Ta-TOR, n. One that urges on with 
vehemence or rashness. 

PRE-CIPT-TOUS, a. Veiy steep ; headlong ; 
hastv. 

PRE-OiP'I-TOUS-LY, ad. With steep descent. 

PRE-CiP'I-TOUS-NESS, n. Steepness of descent. 

PRE-GlSE', a. Having definite limits ; being ex- 
act or accurate ; over-nice; scrupulous. See Ac- 
curate and Formal. 

PRE-CISE'LY, ad. With exactness or accuracy; 
nicelv. 

PRE-CISE'NESS, n. The quality of exactness ; 
nicety ; formality. See Precision. 

FRE-Cl"SION (-sizh'un), n. Strict conformity to 
rule as opposed to every thing vague, indefinite, 
or uncertain, as precision of thought or language ; 
precision in military evolutions, &c. — Syn. Pre- 
ciseness. — Precision is always used in a good 
sense ; preciseness is frequently taken in a bad 
one, especially when applied to persons or their 
conduct, denoting an excess of nicety, formal man- 
ners, &c. Precise is also sometimes applied to 
individuals in the sense of over-strict or scrupu- 
lous in trifles. 

PRE-CI'SIVE, a. Exactly limiting. 

PRE-€LuDE' (2S), v. t. To prevent from entering 
or from taking place. 

PRE-€L0'SION (-klu'zhun), n. Act of shutting 
out; the state of being prevented from entering, 
enjoying, &c. 

PRE-€Lu'SIVE, a. Preventing beforehand. 



PRE-€Lu'SIVE-LY, ad. With hinderance by an- 
ticipation. 

PRE-fo'(JIOUS (-ko'shus), a. Ripe or mature be- 
fore the proper or natural time ; premature ; for- 
ward^ 

PRE-€o'CIOUS-LY, ad. With premature ripe- 
ness or forwardness. 

PRE-€oC'I-TY, \ n. Rapid or too early 

PRE-Co'CIOUS-NESS,J growth and ripeness. 

PRE-Cog'I-TaTE, v. t. To consider or contrive 
beforehand. 

PRe-€OG-Ni"TION (-nlsh'un),n. Previous knowl- 
edge. 

PRe-€ON-CEIT' (-kon-seef), n. Opinion formed 
beforehand. 

PRe-€ON-CEIVE' (-seev'), v. t. To form a pre- 
vious notion or idea. 

PRe-€ON-CeP'TION (-s^p'shun), n. An idea or 
notion formed beforehand. 

PRe-OON-CERT' (13), v. t. To concert or settle be- 
forehand. 

PRe-€ON-CeRT'ED, a. Previously planned. 

PRe-€ON'TEA€T, n. A prior covenant or bar- 
gain. 

PRE-€uR'SOR, n. He or that which precedes and 
indicates an event. — Syn. Forerunner; harbin- 
ger ; omen ; sign. 

PRE-CCR'SO-RY, a. Preceding or indicating some- 
thing_to follow. 

PRE-Da'CEOUS (-da'shus), a. Living by plun- 
der, [der. 

PRE'DAL, a. Pertaining to prey ; practicing plun- 

PRED'A-TO-RI-LY, ad. Like a plunderer. 

PReD'A-TO-RY, a. Characterized by plundering ; 
pillaging; ravenous. 

PREL)-E-C£S'SOR, n. One who goes before an- 
other in the same office, &c. 

PRe-DE-SIGN', v. t. To design previously. 

PRE-DES-TI-Na'RI-AN, n. One who believes in 
predestination. 

PRE-DES-TI-Na'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to predes- 
tination. 

PRE-DeS'TI-NATE, a. Foreordained. 

PRE-DeS'TI-NaTE,? v. t. To appoint or ordain 

PRE-DES'TiNE, f beforehand. — Syn. To 
predetermine; foreordain; decree. 

PRE-DES-TI-Na'TION, n. The act of foreor- 
daining events; the doctrine of foreordination ; 
the unchangeable purpose of God. 

PRE-D£S'TI-Na-TOR, n. One who foreordains; 
one who holds to foreordination. 

PRE-DE-TERM'IN-ATE (13), a. Determined be- 
forehand. 

PRe-DE-TERM-IN-a'TION, n. Previous determ- 
ination. 

PRe-DE-TeRM'INE, v. t. To determine or settle 
in purpose or counsel beforehand. 

PRe'DI-AL, a. Belonging to land or farms; as 
predial estate, i. e., real estate. 

PRED-I-€A-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality or state 
of being predicable. 

PReD'I-OA-BLE, a. That may be affirmed or be 
attributed to. 

PReD'I-CA-BLE, n. One of the five things which 
can be affirmed of any thing, as genus, species, 
difference, proportion, and accident. 

PRE-DiO'A-MENT, n. A series or order; class; 
state; particular condition ; unfortunate state. 

PR£D'I-€ATE, n. That which is affirmed or de- 
nied of a subject. 

PReD'I-OaTE, v. t. To affirm one thing of an- 
other, as to predicate whiteness of snow. — Syn. 
To found or base. — Some able men among our 
lawyers and statesmen use predicate for found 
or bate, as to predicate an argument on certain 
principles, to predicate a statement on informa- 
tion received. This is wholly opposed to English 
usage. Predicate is a term in logic, and used 
only in a single case, viz., when we affirm one 
thing of another. 



dove, wolf, book; bule, bull; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; $ as z; en as su ; this. + Not Ewjlish. 



PRE 



346 



PRE 



PRED-I-C./TION, n. An affirmation; the act of 
affirming. 

PReD'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Affirmative; positive. 

PRE-DICT', v. t. To tell beforehand something 
that is to happen ; to foretell ; to prophesy. 

PRE-Di€T'EU, a. Told before the event. 

PRE-DiC'TION (-dik'shun), n. A previous dec- 
laration of a future event. — Syn. Prophecy; 
prognostication; augury; soothsaying. 

PRE'DiCT'IVE, a. Noting a previous declaration 
of an event ; foretelling ; prophetic. 

PRE-DI€T'OR, n. One who foretells or prophe- 
sies. 

PRe-DI-Le€'TION, n. Previous liking or pre- 
possession of mind. 

PRt>DIS-PoSE', v. t. To incline or arrange be- 
forehand. 

PRE-DIS-PO-Sf'TION (-zish'un), n. Previous 
propensity or adaptation to any change, impres- 
sion, or purpose. 

PRE-DGM'I-NANCE, \ n. Predominance over 

PRE-DoM'I-NAN-CY,/ others; superiority in 
jjower, influence, &c. ; ascendency. 

PRE-D6M'I-NANT, a. Having superiority in 
strength, influence, or authority. — Syn. Superior; 
ascendent ; prevalent. 

PRE-D6M'I-NANT-LY, ad. With superior 
strength or influence. 

PRE-DOM'I-NaTE, v. i. To prevail ; to be supe- 
rior in strength, &c. ; to have controlling influ- 
ence. 

PRe-E-Le€'TION, n. Choice by previous determ- 
ination of the will. 

PRE-eM'1-NENCE, n. Priority in place or rank ; 
superiority of excellence or inriuence ; sometimes 
superiority in a bad sense, as pre-eminence in 
crime. 

PRE-eM'I-NENT, a. Surpassing others. 

FRE-eM'I-NENT-LY, ad. In a superior or great- 
er degree. 

PRE-EMP'TION (-Smp'shun), n. The act or priv- 
ilege of buying before others. A pre-emption 
right is the privilege of an actual settler on pub- 
lic lands to obtain them by purchase in prefer- 
ence to other bidders. 

PREEN, v. t. To clean and adjust the feathers, as 
birds. 

PRe-EN-GagE', v. t. To engage by previous con- 
tract or influence. 

PRe-EN-GagE'MENT, n. A prior obligation ; a 
previous attachment or affection. 

PRe-ES-TaB'LISH, v. t. To settle beforehand. 

PRE-ES-TAB'LISH-MENT, n. Prior settlement. 

PRe-EX-iST' (pre-egz-ist'), v. i. To exist before- 
hand or before something else. 

PRE-EX-iST'ENCE, n. Existence before some- 
thing else, or of the soul before the body. 

PRE-EX-lST'ENT, a. Existing previously; pre- 
ceding in existence. 

PRE-EX-ISTTNG, a. Existing before. 

PReF'ACE, n. The introduction to a discourse, 
book, &c. ; something introductory ; preamble ; 
prologue. 

PReF'ACE, v. t. or v. i. To introduce by prelim- 
inary remarks. 

PReF'A-CER, n. One who makes a preface. 

PREF'A-TO-RY, a. Introductory to a book, &c. ; 
pertaining to a preface. 

PRE'FECT, n. A governor or commander in a 
province or city. 

PRe'FE€T-SHIP,1 n. The office or jurisdiction 

PRe'FECT-uRE, f of a prefect. 

PRE-FeR' (13), v. t. To esteem above others ; to 
advance to office; to present; to choose, which 
6ee. 

PReF'ER-A-BLE, a. Eligible before another ; of 
better quality; more excellent or desirable. 

PReF^ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state 
of being preferable. 

PReF'ER-A BLY, ad. In or by preference. 



PREF'ER-ENCE, n. Estimation or choice of one 
thing above or rather than another. 

PRE-FeR'MENT, n. Advancement to a higher 
office, dignity, or station ; superior place or office. 

PRe-FIG-u-Ra'TION, n. Previous representation 
by similitude. 

PRe-FIG'u-RA-TiVE, a. Showing before by types 
and similitude. 

PRE-FIG'uRE (-f ig'yur), v. t. To show by a figure 
beforehand. 

PRE-FIX', v. t. To place before or at the begin- 
ning ; to set or appoint beforehand. 

PRe'FIX, n. A letter or word put to the begin- 
ning of another. 

PRE-F6RM'A-TIVE, n. A formative letter at the 
beginning of a word. 

PRE-FOL'gEN-CY, n. Superior brightness. 

PReG'NA-BLE, a. That may be forced or taken. 

PReG'NAN-CY, n. A state of being with young; 
fertility ; inventive power. 

PReG'NANT, a. Being with young; fertile; full 
of consequence. — Syn. Teeming; big; great; 
fruitful ; inventive. 

PReG'NANT-LY, ad. In a fruitful manner. 

PRE-HeN'SiLE, \ a. Grasping ; adapted to 

PRE-HeN'SO-RY,J seize, as the tail of a mon- 
key. 

PRE-HeN'SION (-hSn'shun), n. A taking hold ; 
a_grasping. 

PRe-IN-TI-Ma'TION, n. Previous suggestion. 

PRe-JuDgE' (pre-judj'), v. t. To judge before 
the facts are fully known ; hence, to condemn un- 
heard. 

PRe-J ODg'MENT, n. Judgment without a hear- 
ing or full examination. 

PRE-Ju'DI-€aTE, v. t. To determine beforehand 
to disadvantage; to prejudge. 

PRE-J u'DI-€ ATE, v. i. To form a judgment be- 
forehand without due examination of facts and 
arguments. 

PRE-JU-DI-€a'TION, n. A judging beforehand. 

PRE-Ju'DI-€A-TIVE, a. Forming an opinion 
without due examination. 

PReJ'U-DICE (pivd'ju-dis), n. Previous and un- 
favorable bent or bias ; premature opinion ; in- 
jury or wrong of any kind. — Syn. Prejudgment ; 
harm; mischief; damage; hurt. 

PReJ'U-DICE, v. t. To bias the mind unfavora- 
bly; to obstruct or injure by prejudices. — Syn. 
To damage; impair; hurt; diminish; harm. 

PREJ-U-Di"CIAL ([ired-ju-dish'al), a. Ttnding 
to injure, obstmct, or impair. — Syn. Injurious; 
hurtful; disadvantageous; mischievous. 

PReL'A-CY, n. Office of a prelate; episcopacy; 
the order of bishops ; bishops collectively. 

PReL'ATE, n. An archbishop, bishop, or patri- 
arch. 

PReL'ATE-SHIP, n. The office of a prelate. 

PRE-LAT'IC, i a. Pertaining to prelates or 

PRE-LAT'I€-AL,f prelacy. [ates. 

PRE-LaT'I€-AL-LY, ad. In reference to prel- 

PRfiL'AT-IffiM, n. Prelacy ; episcopacy. 

PReL'AT-IST, n. An advocate for prelacy. 

PRE-Le€'TION, n. A discourse read in public 
or to a select company. 

PRE-Le€'TOR, n. A reader of lectures; a lec- 
turer. 

PRE-Li-Ba'TION, n. A foretaste ; a tasting be- 
forehand. 

PRE-LiM'I-NA-RI-LY, ad. Introductory. 

PRE-LiM'I-NA-RY, a. That precedes the main 
discourse or business. — Syn. Introductory; pre- 
paratory; previous; precedent. 

PRE-LiM'I-NA-RY, n. A first step; a condition; 
something preparatory. — Syn. Introduction , pref- 
ace; prelude; preamble. 

PRE'LuDE or PREL'uDE (2S), n. A short music- 
al performance before a concert or full piece; 
something introductory or indicating future 
events. — Syn. Preface ; introduction. 



A, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; tukre, teem; aiaeime, bird; move, 



PRE 



PRE 



PRE-LCDE', v. t. Literally, to play beforehand, 
as a short air or flourish of music before a full 
piece or a concert ; hence, to introduce with a 
previous performance ; to precede. 

PRE-LODE', v. i. To serve as an introduction. 

PRE-Lu'SiVE, \ a. Indicating that something is 

PRE-Lu'riO-RY, j to follow ; previous ; introduc- 
tory. 

PRE-MA-TuRE', a. Ripe too soon; too early; 
happening, performed, or adopted before the 
proper time ; arriving or received without due 
evidence, &c, as a report, &c. 

PRE-MA-TORE-LY, ad. Before the proper time ; 
without due evidence. 

PBE-MA-TuRE'NESS, > n. State of being prema- 

PRE-MA-Tu'RI-TY, j ture: too early ripe- 
ness; unseasonable earliness; too great haste. 

PRE-MkDT-TaTE, v. t. or v. i. To meditate, in- 
tend, or design beforehand. [contrived. 

PRE-MeD'1-Ta-TED, a. Previously designed or 

PRE-MEDT-TATE-LY, ad. With premeditation. 

PRE-MED-1-Ta'TIOX, ?i. Previous deliberation, 
contrivance, or design. 

PREM'IER(prC-m'yer or prum'yer), a. First; chief. 

PREM'IER, n. The first minister of state. 

PREMIER-SHIP, n. The office of first minister. 

PREM'ISE, n. A first or antecedent proposition. 
See Premises. 

PRE-MISE', v. t. or v. L To lay down propositions 
or premises for subsequent reasonings; to use or 
apply previously; to speak or write as introduc- 
tory. 

PReM'IS-ES, n. pi. The first two propositions of 
a syllogism or proposition, admitted or supposed, 
from which are drawn the conclusion or infer- 
ences ; things previously mentioned or described ; 
houses, land, &c, conveyed by deed. 

PRE'MI-UM, n. ; pi. Pre'mi-ums or Prb'mi-a. A 
prize won by success; a bounty offered to incite 
to diligence; amount paid for insurance, &c. — 
Sy>\ Reward; prize; allowance; bounty. 

PRE-MON'ISH, v. t. To warn beforehand. 

PRE-M6N'ISH-MEXT, ) n. Previous warn- 

PRE-MO-Xi"TIOX (-nish'un), j ing, notice, or in- 
formation. 

PRE-MoX'I-TO-RY, a. Giving previous notice. 

PRE-MU-Xi"TIOX (-nish'un), n. An anticipation 
of objections or previous defense. 

PRE-Xo'MEX, n. Among the Romans, a name 
prefixed to the family name. 

PRE-XoM'1-XaTE, v. t. To forename. 

PREX'TiCE, n. Colloquial abbreviation of Ap- 
prentice, which see. 

PRe-OC'CU-PAN-CY, n. Previous possession; 
the act or right of such possession. 

PRE-0€-€U-Pa'TIOX, n. Occupation before an- 
other; anticipation of objections. 

PRE-o€'€U-PY, v. t. To take possession first or 
before another; to prepossess. 

PRe-OR-DaIN', v. t. To appoint beforehand; to 
predetermine. 

PRE-oR'DI-XAXCE. n. Antecedent decree. 

PRe-OR-DI-Xa'TIOX, n. The act of foreordain- 
ing ; jirevious ordination. 

PRe-PaID', a. Paid beforehand, as postage. 

PREP-A-Ra'TIOX, n. A making ready ; act of fit- 
ting for a purpose ; the state of being prepared or 
in readiness; that which is prepared; any medic- 
inal substance fitted for the use of a patient ; 
parts of animal bodies preserved for anatomical 
purposes. 

PRE-PAR'A-TiVE, a. Tending or adapted to pre- 
pare; n. that which prepares. 

PRE-PAR'A-TO-RY, a. Previously necessary, 
qualifying, or useful. — Syn. Previous; prelimina- 
ry; antecedent; introductory. 

PRE-PARE' (4), v. t. or v. i. To make fit or ready ; 
to procure as suitable; to establish or appoint.— 
Syn. To adjust ; adapt ; equip ; make , form ; 
qualify; provide. 



PRE-PAR'ER, n. One who makes ready or pro- 
vides; that which fits or makes suitable. 

PRE-PAY', v. t. To pay in advance, as the post- 
age of a letter, &c. 

PRe-PaY'MEXT, n. Payment in advance. 

PRE-PeXSE', a. Preconceived ; premeditated. 

PRE-POL'LEX-CY, n. Superiority of power. 

PRE-PGX'DER-AXCE, \n. Superiority of weight 

PRE-POX'DER-AX-CY,j or power. 

PRE-PoX'DER-ANT, a. Superior in weight. 

PRE-PoX'DER-aTE, v. t. To overpower by weight, 
influence, &c. 

PRE-PoX'DER-aTE v. i. To outweigh or exceed 
in weight ; to incline or descend, as the scale of a 
balance ; to exceed in or overpower by influence ; 
to incline to one side. 

PRE-POX-DER-a'TIOX, n. The act or state of 
outweighing any thing or of inclining to one 
side. 

PREP-0-$I"TIOX (-zish'un), n. In grammar, a 
word put before another to express relation, qual- 
ity, action, &c. 

PREP-0-$i"TIOX-AL (-zish'un-), a. Pertaining 
to prepositions. 

PRE-PoS'I-TIVE, a. Put before ; n. that which is 
placed before; a prefix. 

PRe-POS-SeSS' (-pos-sC-ss' or poz-zoss'), v. t. To 
preoccupy, as ground, &c, or the mind or heart ; 
to bias or influence in favor of. 

PRE-POS-SESS'IXG or PRE-POS-SESS'IXG, a. 
Tending or adapted to invite favor. 

PRK-POS-SES'SIOX or PRE-POS-SES SIOX, n. 
Prior possession ; preconceived opinion ; effect 
of pr conceived opinion ; effect of previous im- 
pressions on the mind or heart. — Syn. Preoccu- 
pancy; prejudgment; bias; bent. 

PRE-PoS'TER-OUS, a. Contrary to nature or rea- 
son ; not adapted to the end; marked by folly or 
absurdity. — Syn. Perverted; irrational; foolish; 
absurd. 

PRe'PUCE, n. The foreskin. 

PRe-ReQ'UI-SiTE (-r5k'we-zit), a. Previously 
necessary or required. 

PRe-ReQ'UI-SiTE, n. Something previously nec- 
essary, or demanded by the end proposed. 

PRE-ROG'A-TiYE, n. An exclusive or peculiar 
privilege or right. See Privilege. 

PReS'A6E or PRE'SAgE, n. Something that fore- 
shadows an event. — Syn. Prognostic; omen; to- 
ken ;_sign. 

PRE-SagE', v. t. To indicate by a present fact 
what is to follow. — Syn. To foreshow ; foretell ; 
predict; prophesy. 

PRESag'ER, n. A foreteller; a foreshower. 

PReS'BY-TER, n. An elder ; an officer of the 
Christian Church next above a deacon. 

PRES-BY-TE'RI-AM a. Pertaining to or con- 

PRES-BY-TE'RI-AN,j sisting of presbyters. 

PRES BY-TE'RI-AX, n. One that belongs to the 
Presbyterian Church ; one that maintains ordina- 
tion and government by presbyters. 

PRES-BY-TE'RI AX-ISM, n. System of faith and 
government of Presbyterians. 

PRES'BY-TER-Y, n. A body of elders; in Pres- 
byterian government, an ecclesiastical court, con- 
sisting of all the pastors within a certain district, 
and a ruling elder from each church. 

PRE'SCI-ENCE (pre 'she-en ce), n. Knowledge of 
events before they take place ; foreknowledge. 

PRESCIENT (prG'she-enU, a. Foreknowing. 

PRE-SCRIBE', v. t. or v. i. To direct as a remedy ; 
to give law, set or lay down as a rule, to claim 
by immemorial use. — Syn. To command ; dic- 
tate ; ordain; institute; establish. 

PRE-S€RIB#D'J a. Ordered; set; n. a direc- 

PRE'SCRIPT, j tion; precept; model pre- 
scribed. 

PRE-S€RIP'TION, n. The act of directing by 
rules; that which is prescribed; medical direc- 
tion of remedies; claim by long use. 



dove, wolf, book ; rule, bull ; vi"cious. — o as k ; oasj; sasz; ciiassH; this. + Xot English. 



PRE 



348 



PEE 



PRE-S€RiP'TiVE, a. Consisting in long usage; 
pleading the continuance and authority of cus- 
tom. 

PRES'ENCE, n. The existence of a person in a 
certain place ; a being face to face or near ; state 
of being in view ; personal appearance ; reception 
by a superior. — Syn. Approach; sight; port; 
mien ; demeanor ; air. 

PRe-SEN-Sa'TION, n. Previous sensation. 

PRES'ENT, a. Being in a certain place; now ex- 
isting; ready at hand; here. — Syn. At hand: on 
hand. — We speak of a person being at hand, i. e., 
near by, and thus virtually present. We speak, 
also, of a merchant's having goods on hand. 
Some persons confound the two, and speak of be- 
ing "on hand" at a given time or place, mean- 
ing present. This confusion of things so entirely 
dissimilar "smells of the shop." 

PReS'ENT, n. Something presented or given ; the 
present time. — Syn. Gift ; benefaction ; dona- 
tive ; donation, which see. 

PRE-SeNT', v. t. To set or place before a superi- 
or ; to exhibit to view or notice ; to offer for gra- 
tuitous reception ; to favor with gifts ; to name 
for an office; to lay before a public body for con- 
sideration ; to hold forth firearms; to indict. — 
Syn. To introduce; give; prefer; show. 

PRE-SkNT'A-BLE, a. That may be presented. 

PRE$-EN-Ta'TI()N, n. The act of presenting ; 
exhibition ; the gift of a benefice. 

PRE-SkN'TI-MENT, n. Previous conception, sen- 
timent, opinion, or apprehension. 

PReS'ENT-LY, ad. In a short time or soon aft- 
er. — Syn. Directly; speedily; shortly; soon; im- 
mediately. 

PRE-SENT'MENT, n. Act of presenting; appear- 
ance to the view ; in law, notice or accusation by 
a grand jurv. 

PRE«-ER-Va'TION, n. Act of preserving or of se- 
curing from injury, decay, &c. 

PRE-SkRV'A-TIVE, > a. Having the power, 

PRE-SeRV'A-TO-RYJ quality, or tendency of 
preserving or keeping from injury ; n. that Avhich 
preserves or has power to do it. 

PRE-$KRVE' (pre-zerv"), v. t. To secure from in- 
jury or destruction ; to keep in safety or from de- 
cay ; to maintain throughout, as appearances. — 
Syn. To save ; defend ; uphold ; keep, which see. 

PRE-$kRVE' (pre-zerv'.), n. Fruit preserved in 
sugar or sirup. 

PRE-SkRV'ER, n. One who preserves. 

PRE-SiDE' (-zlde'), v. i. To be set over for au- 
thority ; to direct, control, or govern. 

PReS'I-DEN-CY, n. Superintendency ; office of 
president, term of his office. 

PRES'I-DENT, n. A presiding officer; the chief 
magistrate in the United States ; head of a state 
or of colleges, &c. 

PRES-I-DeN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to a president. 

PRE$'I-DENT-SHIP, n. The office of president; 
the term for which he holds his office. 

PRE-SiD'I-AL, \ a. Pertaining to or having a 

PRE-SID'I-A RY,|" garrison. 

PRe-SiG'NI-Fy, v. t. To signify beforehand. 

PRESS, v. t. or v. i. To urge or strain with force 
or weight, or in motion; to hurry; to embrace 
closely, to urge with importunity; to force into 
service; to approach unseasonably ; to push with 
force. — Syn. To crush ; gripe ; squeeze , con- 
strain ; straiten ; impress. 

PRESS, n. Literally, an urgency or crowding, as 
& press of business, a press of people; a forcing 
of men into service; a case for clothes; an in- 
strument for pressing , the printing-press ; the 
art or business of printing ; the conductors of the 
public press. [press. 

PReSS'ER, n. One who presses or works at a 

PReSS'-GaNG, n. A detachment of seamen un- 
der an officer empowered to impress men into 
the navy. 



PRfiSS'ING, a. Urgent; distressing; n. the act 
or operation of applying force to bodies. 

PRESS'ING-LY, ad. With great force ; urgently. 

PReSS'MAN, n. The man who works the press in 
printing. 

PReSS'-MON-EY (-mun-ny), n. Money paid to a 
man impressed into public service. 

PReSS'URE (presh'ur), n. Act of pressing or urg- 
ing; weight; force acting on or against; con- 
straining power or influence ; urgency ; impres- 
sion. High pressure in a steam-engine is press- 
ure greater than that of the atmosphere; low 
pressure, not greater. 

PReSS'-WoRK, n. The taking impressions from 
types by means of a press. 

PRES'TigE, n. ; pi. Pres'ti-ges. An impression 
in one's favor arising from his antecedents; ex- 
pectation ; charm ; illusion. 

PReS'TO, ad. In mu»ic, quick ; lively. 

PRE-$uM'A-BLE (-zum'a-bl), a. That may be 
presumed. 

PRE-SDME' (-zume'), v. t. or v. i. To suppose to 
be true without positive proof; to venture with- 
out permission ; to form confident opinions or 
make arrogant attempts. 

PRE-$OM'ER, n. One who presumes ; an arrogant 
person. 

PRE-SuM'ING, a. Venturing without permission ; 
too confident ; unreasonably bold. — Syn. Pre- 
sumptuous; forward; arrogant. 

PRE-SuMP'TION (-zum'shun), n. Supposition 
grounded on probability; blind or unreasonable 
confidence ; arrogance. 

PRE-SuMP'TiVE, a. Assumed to exist ; sup- 
posed ; grounded on probable evidence. 

PRE-SuMPT'0-OUS (-zumt'yu-us), a. Rashly 
bold; founded on presumption; unduly confi- 
dent. — Syn. Foolhardy ; rash ; forward ; arro- 
gant; insolent. 

PRE-SuMPT'u-OUS-LY, ad. With rash confi- 
dence. 

PRE-SuMPT'u-OUS-NESS, n. Rash confidence; 
arrogance._ 

PRe-SUP-PoS AL (pre-sup-po'zal), n. Previous 
supposal. _ 

PRE-SUP-PoSE'. v. t. To suppose as previous. 

PRe-SUP-PO-SI"TION (-zish'un), n. Supposition 
previous. 

PRE-TeNCE. See Pretense. 

PRE-TeND', v. t. or v. i. Literally, to reach or 
stretch forward ; hence, to hold out, as a false 
appearance; to offer or do something feigned; to 
make a claim, with to. — Syn. To feign ; counter- 
feit; assume. 

PRE-TeND'ED, a. Ostensible ; hypocritical. 

PRE-TEND'ER, n. One who lays claim falsely or 
who makes a show of something not real. 

PRE-TeNSE', n. A show of what is not real; a 
holding out of something false or feigned ; claim 
to notice. — Syn. Pretext. — A pretense (preeten- 
sum) is something held out as real when it is not 
so, thus falsifying the truth ; a pretext {prcatext- 
us) is something woven up in order to cover or 
conceal one's true motives, feelings, or ends of 
action. The piety of the Pharisees was all a 
pretense, and their long prayers were & pretext to 
conceal their hypocrisy. [This word ought to be 
regularly spelled with an s like expense and oth- 
ers of the same class, being derived, like them, 
from a participle in sus, and having its deriva- 
tives in s, not in c] 

PRE-TeN'SION (-tSn'shun), n. Claim, true or 
false ; pretense. 

PRE-TeN'TIOUS (-shus), a. Making great pre- 
tensions, as a. pretentious reviewer, a pretentious 
style. 

PRe'TER, as a prefix, denotes past or beyond. 

PRe'TER-Ix\I-PeR'FE€T, a. In grammar, not- 
ing time not perfectly past. 

PRe'TER-IT, a. Past or perfectly past, as applied 



I, e, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short. — care, fIr, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, biro; move, 



PRE 



349 



PRI 



to the tense of a verb which expresses an action 
perfectly past or finished, often as just completed, 
without specifying the time. 

PRk-TER-i'TION" (pre-ter-ish'un), n. Act of pass- 
ing or state of being passed ; a figure in rhetoric 
by which, as passing over, we summarily mention 
a thing. 

PRE-TER-MiS'SIOX (-mish'un), n. A passing by ; 
omission. 

PRE-TER-MIT'. V. t. To pass by; to omit. 

PRE-TER-X.YTT-RAL (-nat'yu-ral), a. Beyond or 
different from what is natural; irregular. See 

SUPESNATVRAL. 

PRE-TER-XaT'l-RAL-LY, ad. So as to be be- 
vond what is natural. 

PRE-TER-PER'FE€T (13), a. More than perfect 
or finished. 

PRE-TER-PLU-P£R'FE€T, a. Past before anoth- 
er event. 

PRE-TeXT' or PRk'TEXT, n. False appearance ; 
ostensible reason assigned or assumed as a cover 
for the real one. — Sy>\ Guise; mask; color; 
cloak ; show ; excuse ; pretense, which see. 

PRE'TOR, n. A Roman judge; a magistrate. 

PRE-To'RI-AL> a. Belonging to a pretor; judi- 

PRE-To'RI-AX,J cial. 

PRe'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a pretor. 

PRET'TI-LY (prit'te-ly), ad. Xeatly ; elegantly ; 
pleasingly. 

PRET'TI-XESS (prlt'te-ness), n. Neatness orbeau- 
ty without dignity ; decency. 

PRET'TY(prit'ty),o. Having good looks or pleas- 
ing appearance in a degree less than beauty ; neat ; 
handsome; fine; diminutive, in contempt. 

PRET'TY, ad. In a small degree ; tolerably. 

PRE-VaIL', v. i. To gain the advantage over; to 
have power; to overcome. 

PRE-YaIL'IXG, a. Having more influence, effi- 
cacy, or success ; most common or general. — Syn. 
Prevalent ; predominant ; over-ruling ; effica- 
ckus: successful. 

PReY'A-LEXCE, } n. Superior strength, influ- 

PReV'A-LEX-CY,/" ence, or efficacy. 

PReY'A-LEXT, a. Predominant; powerful; most 
general ; extensively existing. 

PREY'A-LEXT-LY, ad. Powerfully ; forcibly. 

PRE-YaR'I-€aTE, v. i. To shun telling the 
truth ; to avoid giving a direct answer ; to shuf- 
fle. — Syn\ To evade; to equivocate. — One who 
evades a question ostensibly answers it, but real- 
ly turns aside to some other point ; he who equiv- 
ocates uses words which have a double meaning, 
bo that in one sense he can claim to have said the 
truth, though he does in fact deceive, and intends 
to do it; he who prevaricates (lit, straddles the 
point) talks all round the question, hoping to 
" dodge" it and disclose nothing. 

PRE-VAR-I-€a'TIOX, n. Act of quibbling; de- 
viation from the plain truth. 

PRE-VART-€a-TOR, n. One who quibbles. 

PRE-YEX'IEXT, a. Going before; preventive. 

PRE-VEXT', v. t. To stop the approach, access, or 
performance of any thing. — Syx. To hinder ; im- 
pede; preclude; debar; obstruct; anticipate. 

PRE-Y£XT'A-BLE, a. That mav be prevented. 

PRE-YEXT'ER, n. One who prevents. 

PRE-VEX'TION (-ven'shun), n. The act of hin- 
dering; obstruction; anticipation. 

PRE-VEX'TIOX-AL, a. Tending to prevent. 

PRE-YEXT'IYE, a. Hindering ; that guards 
against; preservative. 

PRE-YEXT'IYE, n. That which prevents; that 
which intercepts the approach of. To speak of a 
preventative instead of & preventive is a gross, but 
not an uncommon error in this country. 

PRe'YI-OUS, a. Going before in time ; being or 
happening before something else. — Sy>\ Preced- 
ing; prior; anterior; foregoing; former. 

PRE-Vi"$IOX (-vizh'un), n. The act or state of 
foreknowledge ; foresight. " 



PREY (pra), n. Goods taken by force in war ; 

something seized by violence to be devoured 

Syn\ Spoil; plunder; booty. 

PREY (pra), v. i. With on or upon, to seize or 
plunder ; to feed ; to corrode or cause to pine 
away, as grief preys on the body and spirits. 

PRiCE, n. Value set or demanded; sum asked or 
taken for what is sold; current value; estima- 
tion ; reward. 

PRICE, v. t. To set a price on. 

PRICE-CCR'REXT, n. A paper or table of the 
current prices of merchandise, stocks, bills of ex- 
change, &c. 

PRICE'LESS, a. Beyond price ; also, having no 
value. — Stw. Invaluable; inestimable. 

PRICK, v. t. or v. i. To pierce with a pointed in- 
strument, &c. ; to erect any pointed thing, as the 
ears; to affect with sharp pain; to mark out by 
a puncture; to make or become acid. — Sy>\ To 
spur; goad; incite; stimulate. 

PRICK, n. A puncture; sharp point; a sharp 
pain. 

PRICKTER, n. A sharp instrument. 

PRICK'IXG, n. Sensation of stinging ; pain ; 
piercing as with a sharp point. 

PRiCK'LE (prik'kl), n. Sharp point growing 
from the bark of a plant. 

PRICK'LI-XESS, n. State of having many prick- 
les. 

PRICK'LY, a. Full of prickles or sharp points. 

PRICK'LY-PEAR, n. Xame of various species of 
cactus, without leaves and covered with spines, 
&c. 

PRIDE, n. A high sense of superiority; inordin- 
ate self-esteem; insolent exaltation; loftiness; 
that of which men are proud. [Pride is always 
used in a bad sense, unless when qualified in the 
context, as a generous pride, meaning a sense of 
superiority founded in truth.] — Syn. Vanity. — 
Pride is an over-valuing of one's self for some real 
or imagined superiority, as rank, wealth, talents, 
&c. ; vanity is the love of being admired (not 
merely approved), so that he who is vain has a 
secret feeling of pleasure at being praised for ex- 
cellence which he is perfectly conscious of not 
possessing. Pride is, etymologic-ally, a being 
'■'■puffed up" and denotes an inflated spirit of 
self-importance, with a corresponding disregard 
or contempt for others; vanity is, etymological- 
ly, " emptiness" and the term was transferred to 
the feeling in question, because nothing can be 
more empty or delusive as a source of enjoyment, 
so that Swift has truly said, ''Vanity is the food 
of fools." If the former is more hateful, the lat- 
ter is more contemptible. 

PRIDE, v. t. To take pride; to boast; followed 
by a reciprocal pronoun, as himself. 

PRi'ER, n. One Mho searches narrowly. 

PRIEST (preest), n. One who officiates at the al- 
tar or in offering sacrifices; one who is set apart 
to the ministry of the Gospel, or who serves in a 
sacred office ; a presbyter. 

PRIEST'€RAFT (preest'-), n. The management 
of corrupt priests to gain power, &c. ; pious 
fraud or imposition in religious concerns. 

PRIEST'ESS, n. A female priest. 

PRIeST'HOOD, n. The office of a priest; order 
of priests. 

PRIe^T'-LIKE,? a. Like a priest; pertaining to 

PRIeST'LY, j or becoming a priest; sacer- 
dotal. 

PRIeST'RID-D.EN (-rid-dn), a. Governed by 
priests. 

PRIG, n. A conceited fellow; a thief; v. t to 
filch ; to steal. 

PRiG'GISH, a. Having conceited manners ; pert ; 
saucy; affected. 

PRIM, a. Primarily, strait, erect; hence, affect- 
ing great precision or nicety ; formal ; v. t to 
deck with great nicety. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOli; EL'LE, BULL J VI CIOLS. 



k ; (i as J ; s as z ; ch as su ; this. A Sot English. 



PRI 

PRi'MA-CY, n. The dignity of an archbishop ; su- 
premacy. 

*PRl'MA DoN'NA, n. [/£.] The first female sing- 
er in an opera. 

PRi'MAoE, n. A small duty, payable to the mas- 
ters and mariners of a ship. 

PRI'MA-RI-LY, ad. Originally; at first; in the 
first intention. 

PRI'MA-RY, a. First in order of time, in dignity, 
or importance; preparatory to something higher. 
— Syn. Original; chief; principal; lowest; prim- 
itive; elemental. 

PRI'MA-RY, n. That which stands first or high- 
est in rank or importance. 

PRi'MATE, n. An archbishop; the chief ecclesi- 
astic in a national church. 

PRI' MATE- SHIP, n. Office or dignity of a pri- 
mate^ 

PRi-Ma'TIAL (-ma'shal),? a. Pertaining to a pri- 

PRf-MAT'IC-AL, i mate. 

PRiME, a. First in order of time, rank, dignity, 
excellence, or value. — Syn. Original; early; prin- 
cipal ; excellent. 

PRIME, n. The dawn of the day; best part; 
spring; the spring-time of life; height; the ut- 
most perfection ; one of certain numbers used to 
express ratios of chemical combinations. 

PRIME, v. t. or v. i. To put powder in the pan of 
a gun; to lay a train of powder; to lay the first 
color in painting. 

PRIM'ER, n. The first book for children. 

PRi-Me'VAL, a. Original; primitive; first. 

PRIM'ING, n. Powder in the pan of a gun ; first 
color laid in painting. 

PRI-MI'TIAL (-mish'al), a. Being of the first pro- 
duction. 

PRIM'I-TIVE, a. Pertaining to the beginning or 
early times; affectedly solemn ; noting that from 
which others are derived. — Syn. Primary; orig- 
inal; first; radical; antiquated. 

PRIM'I-TIVE-NESS, n. State of being original. 

PRIMNESS, n. Preciseness; affected formality. 

PRI-MO-ge'NI-AL, a. First born ; made or gen- 
erated. — Syn. Original; primary; constituent; 
elemental. 

PRI-MO-geN'I-TOR, n. The first father. 

PRi-MO-GENT-TORE, n. The state of being first 
born ; first birth ; seniority by birth. 

PRl-MoR'DI-AL, a. First in order ; original. 

PRIM'RoSE, n. An early flowering plant. 

PRINCE, n. A king's son ; a sovereign ; a ruler. 

PRINCE'DOM (prlnce'dum), n. The rank, digni- 
ty, or state of a prince. 

PRlNCE'-LiKEJ a. Resembling or becoming a 

PRINCE'LY, j prince; having the rank of 
princes; very large. — Syn. Royal ; grand ; noble ; 
stately; magnificent. 

PRIN'CESS, n. A female sovereign; the consort 
of a prince ; a king's daughter. 

PRIN'CI-PAL, a. Highest in rank, character, or 
respectability ; most important or considerable. 
— Syn. Chief; capital; great; cardinal; essen- 
tial ; main. 

PRiN'CI-PAL, n. A chief man ; a chief instructor 
in an academy, &c. ; a capital sum ; one primari- 
ly engaged ; an organ-stop. 

PRIN-CI-PaL'I-TY, n. A prince's domain: sov- 
ereignty. 

PRIN'CI-PAL-LY, ad. In the most important re- 
spect ; above all. 

+PRIN-CIP'I-A, n. pi. [L.] First principles; con- 
stituent parts. 

PRIN'CI-PLE, n. Something primary or funda- 
mental in respect to something else; hence, an 
operative cause; a general or settled truth, or 
rule of action ; that which supports an assertion, 
an action, &c. — Syn. Doctrine ; element ; ground ; 
motive; tenet; rule. 

PRIN'CI-PLE, v. t. To instruct in principles; to 
establish firmly in the mind. 



350 



PRI 



PRINK, v. t. and v. i. To dress for show; tc put 
on airs or adjust to ostentation. 

PRINT, v. t. and v. i. To mark or form by im- 
pression ; to stamp ; to use the art of typogra- 
phy- 

PRINT, n. A mark made by pressure; the im- 
pression made by types; that which impresses 
its form on any thing; the figure of any thing 
made by impression ; a plaster cast of a flat orna- 
ment ; a newspaper ; joints, in the plural, en- 
gravings; printed calicoes. 

PRINT'ER, n. One who prints books, pamphlets, 
or papers, or who impresses letters or figures with 
copper plates; one who stamps or prints cloths 
with figures. 

PRINTING, n. The art or practice of impressing 
characters or figures; typography. 

PRINT'ING-INK, n. Ink for printing books, &c. 

PRINT'ING-PReSS, n. A press for printing 
books, &c. 

PRl'OR, a. Coming before in the order of time. — 
Syn. Previous; former; preceding; foregoing; 
antecedent ; n. the superior of a priory. 

PRrOR-ATE, n. Government by a prior. 

PRl'OR-ESS, n. A female superior of a priory of 
nuns. 

PRI-oR'I-TY, n. The state of being first in time, 
rank, or place. — Syn. Antecedence ; precedence ; 
pre-eminence; preference. 

PRl'OR- Y, n. A monastic institution in dignity 
next helow an abbey. See Cloister. 

PRISM (prlzm), n. A solid whose bases are simi- 
lar, equal, parallel plane figures, and whose sides 
are parallelograms ; a glass in the form of a prisnv 
used in optics. 

PRIS-MaT'IC (priz-mat'ik), a. Like or formed by 
a prism ; noting the seven colors into which a ray 
of light is decomposed. 

PRIS'MOID, n. A body somewhat like a prism. 

PRIS'ON (priz'zn), n. A jail; a place of confine- 
ment ; v. t. to shut up ; to restrain from liberty. 
• — Syn. To confine ; imprison; captivate; enchain. 

PRIS'ON-BaSE, n. A kind of sport depending on 
swiftness in running, called also j^ri.wn-bars. 

PRI$'ON-ER (priz'zn-er), n. One under arrest; a 
captive ; one whose liberty is restrained. 

PRIS'ON-HOUSE (priz'zn-), n. A jail; a hold; 
a house in which prisoners are confined. 

PRIS'TINE (pris'tin), a. Pertaining to an earlier 
state or period. — Syn. Original; first; primitive; 
old ; former. 

PRITH'EE, corruption of pray thee. 

PRl'VA-CY, n. Withdrawal from company; con- 
cealment of what is said or done. — Syn. Secrecy; 
solitude; retirement; seclusion. 

PRI'VATE, a. Peculiar to one's self or to a joint 
number; sequestered from company; not pub- 
licly known ; not invested with office ; personal. 
— Syn. Secret ; secluded ; retired ; separate ; soli- 
tary. 

PRi-VA-TEER', n. A ship of a private citizen 
commissioned to take prizes; v. i. to cruise in a 
privateer. 

PRI'VATE-LY, ad. In private ; secretly. 

PRi'VATE-NESS, n. A state of living or being in 
retirement; privacy. 

PRi-Va'TION, n. Act of depriving ; act of being 
deprived; absence of something necessary for 
comfort; want. 

PRIV'A-TiVE, a. Causing privation or loss ; con- 
sisting in the absence of something not positive. 

PRIV'A-TIVE, n. That of which the essence is 
the absence of something; a prefix to a word giv- 
ing it a negative meaning. 

PRIV'A-TlVE-LY, ad. By the absence of some- 
thing. 

PRIVET, n. A shrub with long branches, used 
for hedges. 

PRIVI-LE6E, n. Peculiar advantage ; some right 
or immunity not common to others. — Syn. Pre- 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, uird ; move, 



PSI 



PliO 



rotative. — Privilege, among the Romans, -was 
something conferred upon an individual by ajm- 
vaie law (privata lege), and hence it denotes some 
peculiar benefit or advantage, some right or im- 
munity not enjoyed by the world at large. Pre- 
rogative, among the Romans, was the right of 
sjieaking first, and hence it denotes a right of 
precedence, of doing certain acts or enjoying cer- 
tain privileges to the exclusion of others. It is 
the privilege of a member of Congress not to be 
called in question elsewhere for words uttered in 
debate: it is the prerogative of the President to 
ratify treaties with the consent of the Senate. 
It is the privilege of a Christian child to be in- 
structed in the true religion ; it is the preroga- 
tive of a parent to govern and direct his off- 
spring. 

PRiV'1-LEoE, v. t. To invest with a peculiar 
right or immunity. 

PRiV'I-LY, ad. In a secret manner; clandestine- 
ly: privately. 

PRiV'I-TV, n. Private knowledge, or knowledge 
with another of a private concern, such as may 
imply concurrence ; privities, pL, the secret 
parts. 

PRIV'Y, a. Not public or not shown ; privately 
knowing; admitted to secrets of state. 

PRIV'Y, n. A partaker; a necessary. 

PRiZE, n. Literally, that which is taken from an 
enemy in Avar ; hence, any thing gained in rival- 
ry; the money drawn by a lottery ticket. — Syn. 
Premium. 

PRiZE, v. t. To set or estimate a value on, as to 
prize goods ; to value highly ; to esteem. 

PRo, a prefix, signifies before or forth. 

+PRO OR CON. [L.] For or against, 

PRo'A, n. A vessel used in the South Seas. 

PROB-A-BIL'I-TY, n. An appearance of truth; 
any thing that has the appearance of truth. — 
Syn. Likeness; credibility; likelihood; chance. 

PROB'A-BLE, a. Likely to be or to be true. 

PRoB'A-BLY, ad. In all likelihood. 

PRo'BANG, n. An instrument of whalebone and 
sponge for removing obstructions in the throat, 
&c. 

PRo'BaTE, a. Relating to the proving of a will, 
&c. Ajyrobate office is one where wills are proved 
and declared to be valid. 

PRo'BaTE, n. The act or jurisdiction of proving 
the genuineness and validity of wills. 

PRO-Ba'TION, n. Any proceeding designed to 
ascertain truth ; moral trial ; preparatory trial, 
as of a licentiate. 

PR&iA : ?i ( ON-i L RY,|- «• Se ™ a - for triaL 

PRO-Ba'TIOX-ER, n. One who is upon trial. 

PRo'BA-TIVE, T a. Serving for proof or relat- 

PR5'BA-TO-RY,J ing to it. 

PRuBE, n. A surgeon's instrument for examining 
wounds, &c. 

PRO BE, v. t. To try with a probe; to search to 
the bottom ; to scrutinize. 

PR6B'I-TY, n. Consistent and uniform upright- 
ness; strict and approved virtue. — Syn. Integ- 
rity. — Probity (from probus) means, etymologic- 
ally, virtue which has been tried a.ndproved gen- 
uine. Hence it denotes unimpeachable honesty 
and virtue, shown especially by the performance 
of those obligations called imperfect, which the 
laws of the state do not reach and can not en- 
force. Integrity (from integer, entire or unbrok- 
en) denotes a ioholc-h--arted honesty, and espe- 
cially that which excludes all injustice that might 
favor one's self. It has a peculiar reference to 
uprightness in mutual dealings, transfers of prop- 
erty, and the execution of trusts for others. 

PRGB'LEM, n. A question for solution. 

PROB-LEM-AT'I€-AL,a. Characterized by doubt 
and uncertainty. — Syn. Doubtful; undecided; 
questionable ; uncertain. 



PROB-LEM-aTIC-AL-LY, ad. Doubtfully. 

PHO-BOS'CIS, 11. The trunk of an elephant, &c. 

PRO-CeD'uRE (-ceed'yur), n. Act, manner, or re- 
sult of proceeding. — Syn. Process; transaction; 
course ; conduct. 

PRO-CEED', v. i. To move or pass forward; to 
come from a source ; to make progress : to begin 
and carry on ; to have a course; to be produced, 
&c. — Syn. To progress; arise; issue: advance. 

PRO-CEED'ING, n. Movement or advance from 
one thing to another: a step taken in business ; 
in the plural, a course of measures, steps, tec. 

PRO-CEEDS' or PRo'CEEDS, n. j>l. Value or 
produce of sales; issue; rents: amount. 

PROCESS (pros'ess), n. A moving or operation ; 
series of changes in growth ; a course of proceed- 
ings; methodical arrangement; a protuberance 
or projecting part of a bone. 

PRO-CkS'SION (-sesh'un), n. Act of proceeding; 
a solemn train of persons. 

PRO-CfiS'SION-AL (-sush'un-), ) a. Pertaining to 

PRO-CftS'SION-A-RY, / or consisting in 

procession. 

*PRu'CES-YeR'BAL (pr5'sa-var'bal). [F.] An 
authentic minute of an official act, &c. 

PRo'CT-DENCE, n. A falling down. 

PRO-CLaIM', v. t. To publish solemnly; to de- 
clare with honor; to make public: to denounce. 
— Sy-n. To advertise; publish; promulgate; an- 
nounce, which see. 

PROC-LA-Ma'TION, n. A publication by author- 
ity; official notice given to the public; declara- 
tion of a sovereign or magistrate made public; a 
written or printed official notice. 

PRO-CLiV'I-TY, n. A bending forward to or to- 
ward; inclination. — Syn. Propensity; proneness; 
tendency: readiness. 

PRO-CON 'SUL, n. A Roman governor of a prov- 
ince with consular power. 

PRO-CoN'SUL-AR, a. Pertaining to a proconsul. 

BRO-CoN'SUL-ATE, \ n. The office or term of 

PRO-€oN'SUL-SHIP,f office of a proconsul. 

PRO-CRaS'TI-NaTE, v. t. or v. i. To put off from 
day to day ; to defer to a future time ; to be dil- 
atory. — Sy-n. To delay; postpone; protract; re- 
tard. 

PRO-CRaS-TI-N a'TTON, n. Delay ; a putting off 
to a future time. — Sy-n. Postponement; a defer- 
ring; adjournment, &c. 

PRO-CRAS'TI-Na-TOR, n. One who defers any 
thing to a future time. 

PRo'CRE-ANT, a. Having or exercising the pow- 
er to generate or produce. 

PRo'CRE-aTE. v. t. To generate and produce. 

PRO-CRE-a'TION, 11. The act of procreating; 
generation and production of young. 

PRo'CRE-a-TIYE, a. Generative ; having the 
power to beget. 

PRo'CRE-a-TOR, n. One who begets, produces, 
or makes. 

PRO-CRCS'TE-AN, a. Relating to Procrustes, or 
his mode of stretching or cutting off. 

PROCTOR, n. An attorney in a spiritual court; 
an officer of the English universities. 

PRO-CuM/BENT, a. Lving down ; trailing. 

PRO-CuR'A-BLE, a. Obtainable. 

PRGCu-RA-CY, [ n. Act of procuring ; man- 

PRO€-u-Ra'TION,j agement, 

PROC'u-Ra-TOR, n. One who manages for an- 
other: the title of the Roman governor of a prov- 
ince. _ 

PRO-CuRE', v. t. To get by request, loan, labor, 
effort, or purchase; to bring about an effect; to 
cause to come or bring on ; to draw to. — Syn. To 
acquire; obtain; gain; win; earn; attract. 

PRO-CDRE'MENT,n. Act of obtaining or causing 
to be effected. 

PRO-COR'ER, n. One who procures ; a pander. 

PRO-CuR'ESS, n. A female who procures ; a 
bawd. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK; BOLE, BILL,; VJ/'CIODS. 



S as z ; cu a; 



* a ot English. 



FRO 



352 



PRO 



PRdD'I-GAL, a. Given to lavish expenditures; 
not frugal or economical; expended without ne- 
cessity; very liberal. — Syn. Wasteful; extrava- 
gant ; excessive ; profuse, which see. 

PRdD'I-GAL, n. A spendthrift ; one extravagant. 

PROD-I-GAL'I TY, n. Lavish or needless ex- 
penditure ; profuse or excessive liberality. — Syn. 
Extravagance ; profusion ; excess ; lavishness : 
waste. 

PRoD'I-GAL-LY, ad. Profusely; lavishly. 

PRO-Dig'IOUS (pro-did jus), a. Verygreat; such 
as may seem a prodigy; fitted to excite wonder. 
— Syn. Huge; enormous; monstrous; portent- 
ous; marvelous. 

PRO-DiG'IOUS-LY, ad, In an astonishing or 
enormous manner; extremely. 

PR6D'I-gY, n. A surprising thing: something 
to excite wonder, or from which omens are drawn ; 
an animal, &c, out of the ordinary course of na- 
ture. — Syn. Wonder; miracle; portent; marvel; 
monster. 

PRODUCE', v. t. To bring forward; to offer to 
view or notice, or exhibit to the public ; to bring 
forth or into being, as an animal or vegetable , 
to furnish ; to extend as a line. — Syn. To breed , 
bear: yield; exhibit; give; cause; make, &c. 

PRoD'UCE (prod'duse), n. That which is pro- 
duced_or brought forth. — Syn. Product; amount. 

PRO-DuC'ER, n. He or that which produces. 

PRO-Du'CI-BLE, a. Capable of being produced. 

PRoD'UCT, n. That which is produced or made ; 
an effect or result ; in arithmetic, the number re- 
sulting from multiplying two or more numbers. 
— Syn. Produce ; production ; work ; fruit. 

PRO-Du€'TION, n. Act of producing ; that which 
is produced by nature or art. — Syn. Product; 
produce; fruit; work; performance. 

PRO-D0€'TiVE, a. Having power to produce; 
actually yielding ; causing to exist. — Syn. Fer- 
tile ; fruitful; generative; efficient. 

PRO-Du€'TiVE-NESS, n. The state or quality 
of producing. 

PRo'EM, n, A preface or preliminary observa- 
tions to a book or writing. 

PROF-A-Na'TION, n. A violation of something 
sacred ; treating with abuse, disrespect, or irrev- 
erence. 

PRO-FaNE', a. Irreverent to God and to sacred 
things; proceeding from a contempt of sacred 
things; not sacred, pure, or holy; tending to 
bring reproach on religion. — Syn. Impious; un- 
godlyj irreligious; unhallowed; secular. 

PRO-FaNE', v. t. To violate or treat with abuse, 
irreverence, or contempt any thing sacred ; to 
apply to temporal, common, or wrong uses or base 
purposes. — Syn. To desecrate; pollute; defile; 
violate; debase; dishonor. 

PRO-FaNE'LY, ad. In a wicked, irreverent man- 
ner. 

PRO-FaNE'NESS,? n. Irreverence of things sa- 

PRO-FAN'I-TY, J cred ; irreverence toward 
God; the taking of God's name in vain. — Syn. 
Impiety; blasphemy; sacrilege; obscenity. 

PRO-FaN'ER, n. One who profanes. 

PRO-FeSS', v. t. To declare strongly ; to make a 
show of sentiments; to claim openly skill in 
any art or science ; to avow. 

PRO-FeSS'ED-LY, ad. By avowal; by avowed 
intention. 

PRO-FeS'SION (-fesh'un), n. Open declaration; 
the business followed by any one, especially an 
employment requiring learning in distinction 
from a trade ; the collective body of persons en- 
gaged in a calling. — Syn. Acknowledgment ; 
avowal ; employment ; vocation ; occupation ; 
office. 

PRO-FeS'SION-AL (-fesh'un-), a. Belonging to 
one's profession. 

PRO-FeS'SION-AL-LY, ad. By profession; in 
the way of one's profession. 



PRO-FeSS'OR, n. A public teacher or lecturer by 
profession; specially, a college officer who lec- 
tures or instructs in some particular branch of 
learning ; one who makes a formal profession of 
religion. [Little used,] 

PRO-FES-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a professor. 

PRO-FeSS'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a professor. 

PRoF'FER, v. t. To propose for acceptance; to 
attempt of one's own accord. — Syn. To offer; ten- 
der; propose: essay. 

PRoF'FER, n. An attempt; something proposed 
for acceptance by another. 

PRO-Fi"CIENCE (-fish'ence), T n. Advance in 

PRO-Fi"CIEN-CY (-fish'en-sy),f knoAvledge or 
in the acquisition of any art, &c. — Syn. Advance- 
ment; improvement; progress. 

PRO-FI"CIENT (pro-fish'ent), n. One who has 
made advances in study or business. 

PRo'FILE (pro'filor pro'feel), n. An outline; side 
view in painting or sculpture. 

PRoF'IT, n. Literally, advance or gain; hence, 
accession of good ; advantage ; advance of price. 
— Syn. Benefit ; emolument ; gain ; avails. 

PRoF'IT, v. t. To advance the interests of; to 
improve. 

PRoF'IT, v. i. To gain advantage; to make im- 
provement ; to be of use to. 

PR6F'IT-A-BLE, a. Yielding profit, benefit, or 
advantage. — Syn. Gainful; productive; service- 
able; advantageous; improving. 

PROF'IT-A-BLY, ad. With profit or advantage. 

PRoF'IT-LESS, a. Void of gain or advantage. 

PRoF'LI-GA-CY, n. A vicious course of life ; a 
state of abandonment in moral principle. 

PRoF'LI-GATE, a. Shameless in wickedness or 
vice ; lost to principle, virtue, or deceney.— Syn. 
Dissolute; depraved; dissipated; vile; aban- 
doned, which see. 

PRoF'LI-GATE, n. An abandoned wretch. 

PRdF'LU-ENT, a. Flowing on or forward. 

PRO-FOUND', a. Being far below the surface; 
very lowly; intellectually deep ; not superficial ; 
reaching deeply into any science or branch of 
learning ; deep in skill or having hidden quali- 
ties. — Syn. Deep; humble; learned; thorough; 
penetrating. , 

PRO-FOUND', n. The sea or ocean ; an abyss. 

PRO-FOUND'LY, ad. Deeply ; with deep insight, 

PRO-FOUND'NESS,? n. Depth of place, or of 

PRO-FuND'I-TY, j knowledge or science. 

PRO-FuSE', a. Liberal to excess; overabound- 
ing; exuberant. — Syn. Lavish; prodigal. — Pro- 
fuse denotes pouring out (as money, &c.) with 
great fullness or exuberance, as profuse in his 
expenditures, thanks, promises, &c. ; lavish is 
stronger, implying unnecessary or wasteful ex- 
cess, as lavish of his bounties, favors, praises, &c. ; 
prodigal is stronger still, denoling unmeasured or 
reckless profusion, as prodigal of one's strength, 
life, or blood to secure some object. 

PRO-FuSE'LY, ad. In a lavish manner; prodi- 
gally ; with exuberance. 

PRO-FuSE'NESS, n. The quality of prodigality ; 
waste. 

PRO-Fu'SION (pro-fu'zhun), n. Great abun- 
dance ; lavish effusion ; exuberant plenty. — Syn. 
Lavishness; prodigality; extravagance; over- 
abundance ; exuberance. 

PRoG, n. Victuals obtained by shifts or begging ; 
one that shifts for his victuals. 

PRO-geN'I-TOR, n. An ancestor in the direct 
line ; a forefather. 

PR6g'E-NY (proj'e-ny), n. Descendants of the 
human kind, or the offspring of animals in gene- 
ral ; children ; race. 

PROG-Na'THOUS, a. Having jaws which pro- 
ject, like those of the negro race. 

•t-PROG-No'SIS, n. [6?r.] The art or act of fore- 
telling the course and event of a disease by its 
symptoms. 



a, e, &c, 



-A, E, &C, Short. — CAKE, FAK, LAST, FALL, WHAT; THEEE, TEKM ; MAEINE, lilKD ; MOVE, 



PRO 



353 



PRO 



PROG-NoS'TIC, a. Indicating something future 
by signs or symptoms. — Syn. Foreboding; fore- 
showing. 

PR0G-N6S'TI€, n. A sign of something to come ; 
thf> judgment formed of the course and event of 
a disease by its symptoms, or a symptom thus in- 
dicative; a foretelling. — Syn. Sign; omen; pre- 
sage ; token. 

PROG-NoS'TIC-aTE, v. t. To indicate or tell be- 
forehand by present signs. — Syn. To foreshow; 
foretell; foretoken; presage; predict; prophesy. 

PROG-NOS-TI-Ca'TION, n. The act of foretell- 
ing ; a foret ken or previous sign. 

PROG-NoS'TI-€a-TOR, n. One who foretells. 

PRo'GRAMME (pro'gram), n. [Fr.~] A bill exhib- 
iting a brief outline of some public performance. 

PRoG'RESS, 11. A course or a moving forward; 
advance in business or knowledge ; passage from 
place to place ; a journey of state. — Syn. Advance- 
ment; improvement; proficiency; motion. 

PRO-GReSS', v. i. To move forward ; to advance; 
to proceed or continue onward ; to make improve- 
ment. 

PRO-GReS'SION (-grSsh'un), n. Act of moving 
forward; intellectual improvement; regular or 
proportional advance in increase or decrease of 
numbers or succession of sounds, &c. — Syn. Im- 
provement; advancement; course. 

PRO-GBfiS'SION-AL, a. That advances; that is 
in a state to advance. 

PRO-GReSS'iVE, a. Going onward ; improving, 
as the arts are progressive. — Syn. Advancing ; 
onward; forward. 

PRO-GReSS'iVE-LY, ad. With advances. 

PRO-HiB'IT, v. t. To interdict by authority, as 
the law prohibits what is wrong. — Syn. To for- 
bid. — To forbid is Saxon, and is more familiar; 
to prohibit is Latin, and is more formal or offi- 
cial. A parent forbids a child to be out late at 
night ; he prohibits his intercourse with the pro- 
fane and vicious. 

PRO-HI-Bi"TION (pro-he-bish'un), n. The act 
of forbidding or interdicting; a declaration to 
hinder some action. — Syn. Disallowance ; inter- 
dict; inhibition; interdiction. 

PRO-HiB'IT-iVE, ) a. Forbidding ; implying 

PRO-HiB'IT-O-RYJ prohibition. 

PROJECT', v. t. To throw out ; to form a plan ; 
to draw or exhibit. — Syn. To contrive; devise, 
plan; purpose; design; scheme; delineate. 

PRO-JeCT', v. i. To jut; to shoot forward. 

PRoJ'ECT, n. Something proposed to be done. — 
Syn. Design. — A project (from pro and jacio) is 
something of a practical nature throion out for 
consideration as to its being done ; a design (from 
de and signo) is a project when matured and set- 
tled as a thing to be accomplished. An ingenious 
man has many projects, but, if governed by sound 
sense, will be slow in forming them into designs. 
See also Scheme. 

PRO-Je€T'iLE, a. Impelling forward ; impelled. 

PRO-JeCT'iLE, n. A body projected or thrown. 
Projectiles, that part of mechanics which treats 
of the motion of bodies thrown or driven through 
the air. 

PRO-Je€'TION (-jek'shun), n. The act of throw- 
ing ; a projecting part of a building; a plan or 
representation, as of a building. 

PRO-Je€T'OR, n. One who plans or designs; one 
who forms visionary schemes. 

+PRO-JET' (pro-zha'), n. \_Fr.~\ A plan ; the draft 
of a proposed measure, &c. 

PRO-LAPSE', \n. A falling down ; a falling 

PRO-LaP'SION,J out of some part of the body. 

*PRO-LE-GoM'E-NA, n. pi. [Gr.] Preliminary 
remarks. 

PRO-LeP'SIS, n. A figure in rhetoric by which 
objections are anticipated or prevented; an error 
in chronology, by dating an event before the act- 
ual time. 



UUO))! lll£ CHUC1 UC1UIC Ul ill IC 

PRO-LiF'ER-OUS,) a. Prodm 
PRO-LIF'IC, > having 

PRO-LiF'IC-AL, J erating. 



PRO-LeP'TIC, a. Relating to prolepsis; antici- 
pating ; previous. 

+PRO-LE-TAIRE', n. [Fr.] One of the vulgar 
throng; a common and often a vile person. 

PRoe'I-CiDE, n. The crime of destroying one's 
offspring either before or after birth. 

PRO-LiF'ER-OUS,) a. Producing young or fruit; 

the quality of gen- 

— Syn. Productive; 

fruitful ; fertile ; generative. 

PRO-LIF-I-Ga'TION, n. The generation of young 
plants or creatures. 

PRO-LiX' or PRo'LIX, a. Tediously minute; 
drawn out to a great length. — Syn. Diffuse. — 
A prolix writer delights in circumlocution, ex- 
tended detail, and trifling particulars. A diffuse 
writer is fond of amplifying, and abounds in epi- 
thets, figures, and illustrations. Liff'useness oft- 
en arises from an exuberance of imagination ; 
prolixity is almost always connected with a want 
of it. Prolixity is one of the worst qualities of 
style ; diffuseness is not necessarily a fault, but 
requires uncommon genius to relieve it from 
being wearisome. 

PRO-LiX'I-T Y, X n. The quality of great length 

PRO-LIX'NESS,)" or minuteness, as of a dis- 
course ; tediousness. 

PRO-LO-Cu'TOR, n. The speaker or chairman 
of a convocation. 

PRo'LoGUE (pro'log), n. Introduction to a dis- 
course or performance, especially a form spoken 
before a play. 

PRo'LoGUE, v. t. To introduce with a preface. 

PRO-LoNG', v. t. To lengthen in time or space ; 
to put off to a distant time. — Syn. To delay ; pro- 
tract; procrastinate; defer; postpone. 

PRO-LON g -Ga'TION (-long-ga'shun), n. A length- 
ening ; a lengthening of time by delay or post- 
ponement. 

PRO-L6NG^ER, n. He or that which lengthens. 

PROM-E-NaDE', n. A walk for amusement or 
exercise, or a place for walking for amusement 
or exercise. 

PROM-E-NaDE', v. t. To walk ; to take a walk. 

PRoM'I-NENCE, \n. A standing or jutting out 

PRoM'I-NEN-CY,/ from the surface of some- 
thing; conspicuousness ; distinction. — Syn. Pro- 
tuberance. 

PR6MT-NENT, a. Standing out ; in high relief; 
distinguished above others; most striking to the 
eye. — Syn. Protuberant ; full ; large ; conspicu- 
ous; chief. [spicuously. 

PRoM'I-NENT-LY, ad. By standing out; con- 

PRO-MiS'CU-OUS, a. Consisting of individuals 
in a body or mass without order; not restricted 
to an individual. — Syn. Mixed; common; indis- 
criminate; confused. 

PRO-MiS'€U-OUS-LY, ad. Without distinction. 

PRoM'iSE, n. In a general sense, a declaration, 
written or verbal, which binds either in honor or 
in law to do or forbear a certain act specified ; a 
declaration which affords expectation of good; 
that which gives well-grounded hope of an event, 
&c. — Syn. Engagement; covenant. 

PRoM'iSE, v. i. To assure or engage by a bind- 
ing declaration ; to afford hopes or expectations. 

PRoM'iSE, v. t. To engage by declaration. 

PROM-IS-EE', n. One to whom a promise is 



PR6M'IS-ER, n. One who makes a promise. 

PRoM'IS-ING, a. Affording reasonable ground 
of hope, &c. 

PR6M'IS-SO-RY, a. Containing a binding declar- 
ation of something to be done or forborne. 

PRoM'ON-TO-RY, n. A high point of land pro- 
jecting into the sea; a headland; a cape. 

PRO-MoTE', v. t. Literally, to move forward; 
hence, to contribute to the growth, enlargement, 
or excellence of any thing ; to advance to higher 
rank, &c. — Syn. To encourage ; excite ; exalt. 



dove, wolf, book ; bu:le, bull •, vi"ciotr8. — o as k ; g as j ; $ as z ; ch as sh ; this. * Not English. 

Z 



PRO 



854 



PRO 



PRO-MoT'ER, n. He or that which forwards, ad- 
vances, or promotes. 

PRO-Mo'T JON, n. The act of promoting ; exalta- 
tion in rank or honor. — Syn. Advancement; en- 
couragement ; assistance ; elevation. 

PRO-Mo'TiVE, a. Tending to advance, encour- 
age, or aid. — Syn. Promoting; forwarding; ex- 
alting; helpful. 

PROMPT, a. Quick to act; not dilatory; laid 
down at once, as promjit pay. — Syn. Ready; ex- 
peditious. — One who is ready is prepared at the 
moment, one who is prompt is prepared before- 
hand, so as to start at the moment into decisive 
action ; one who is expeditious carries through 
an undertaking with a steady, rapid progress. 

PR6MPT, v. t. To excite to action or exertion ; 
to assist a speaker when at a loss ; to suggest to 
the mind. — Syn. To incite; instigate; remind; 
dictate. 

PROMPT'ER, n. One who reminds a speaker ; one 
that prompts or excites to action. 

PROMPT-I-TuDE,) n. Quickness of decision or 

PROMPT'NESS, j action; cheerful willingness. 
— Syn. Alacrity; readiness; activity. 

PROMPT'LY, ad. With readiness; immediately. 

PRO-MuL'GaTE, v. t. To make known by open 
declaration. — Syn. To publish ; proclaim ; adver- 
tise. 

PRO MUL-Ga'TION, n. The act of promulgat- 
ing; a publication ; notice. 

PRO-MUL-Ga'TOR,) n. One who publishes or 

PRO-MuLG'ER, j makes known. 

PRO-MuLGE', v. t. To make known publicly; to 
promulgate. 

PRoNE, a. Bending forward ; lying with the face 
downward ; inclining in descent. — Syn. Bending ; 
inclined ; headlong. 

PRONE'NESS, n. The state or act of bending for- 
ward , descent ; inclination. 

PRoNG, n. The branch or tine of a fork. 

PRO-N6M'I-NAL, a. Belonging to a pronoun. 

PRo'NOUN, n. A word used in the place of a 
noun to prevent its repetition. 

PRO-NOUNCE', v. t. To utter articulate sounds; 
to declare formally, &c. ; to speak. — Syn. To af- 
firm ; declare; deliver, which see. 

PRO-NOUNCE'A-BLE, a. That can be uttered or 
pronounced. 

PRO NOUNC'ER, n. One who utters or de- 

+PRO-NUN-CI-A-MeN'TO, n. [Sp.] A procla- 
mation ; a manifesto. 

PRO-NUN-CI-a'TION (-she-a'shun), n. Act or 
mode of utterance; particularly the art or man- 
ner of uttering a discourse, now called delivery. 

PROOF, n. ; pi. Proofs. That which proves or 
tries, as a putting to the proof; that which fur- 
nishes evidence, as a logical proof , proof of one's 
firmness, &c. ; among printers, an impression of 
a sheet taken for correction. — Syn. Test ; experi- 
ment; evidence; testimony. 

PROOF'LESS, a. Wanting evidence to induce be- 
lief. 

PR5P, n. That on which a body rests.— Syn. Stay ; 
support ; staff; pillar. 

PROP, v. t. To prevent from falling by placing 
something or standing under or against; to 
keep any thing from falling or give it support. — 
Syn. To support; sustain; stay; uphold. * 

PRoP'A-GA-BLE, a. That may be propagated. 

PROP-A-GAN'DA, n. The name of a society in 
Rome which has charge of Roman Catholic mis- 
sions. 

PROP-A-GaN'DISM, n. The act or practice of 
propagating tenets. 

PROP'A-GaTE, v. t. To continue or multiply the 
kind by generation ; to cause to go from one to 
another ; to give birth or currency to ; to giv6 in- 
crease to. — Syn. To increase ; extend ; produce ; 
generate ; spread ; promote. 



PRoP'A-GaTE, v. i. To have young or issue ; to 
to be produced or multiplied by generation. 

PROP-A-Ga'TION, n. The act of propagating; 
the spreading or extension of any thing; for- 
warding or promoting. — Syn. Production; gen- 
eration; extension; spread; increase. 

PR6P'A-Ga-TOR, n. One who propagates, either 
by generation, planting, multiplying, &c 

PRO-PeL', v. t. To drive or push forward ; to drive 
or urge forward by force. 

PRO-PeL'LER, n. A contrivance for producing 
motion by the action of a screw placed in the 
stern of a vessel; a steam-boat thus propelled. 

PRO-PeND'EN-CY, n. Inclination toward. 

PRO-PeNSE', a. Leaning toward. — Syn. Inclined ; 
disposed; prone. 

PRO-PeN'SION, I n. Bent of mind; natural ten- 

PRO-PEN'SI-TY,J dency. — Syn. Disposition ; 
bias; inclination; proclivity. 

PRoP'ER, a. One's own; naturally or essentially 
belonging to a thing; particularly suited to; cor- 
rect; not figurative; noting an individual, as a 
proper name. — Syn. Peculiar ; fit ; adapted ; 
just; right; accurate, &c. [duly. 

PRoP'ER-LY, ad. In a suitable manner; fitly; 

PRoP'ER-TY, n. Peculiar or inherent quality; 
exclusive right of possessing, using, and dispos- 
ing of; ownership; the tiling owned; an estate; 
plantation ; nearness or of right; something use- 
ful; in the plural, properties, the dresses, &c, in 
a theater. — Syn. Attributes; quality; goods; pos- 
sessions; riches; wealth. 

PR6PH'E-CY (prof'e-sy), n. A declaration of 
something to come; the public interpretation of 
Scripture; exhortation, &c. — Syn. A foretelling; 
prediction ; prognostication ; preaching. 

PRoPH'E-S Y, v. t. or v. i. To foretell future events ; 
to utter prophecies or predictions. — Syn. To pre- 
dict ; foreshow ; preach, &c. 

PR6PH'E-Sy-ING, n. The act of foretelling or 
preaching. 

PRoPH'ET (prof'et), n. One that foretells future 
events; an interpreter. 

PR6PH'ET-ESS, n. A female that predicts. 

PRO-PHeT'I€, \ a. Belonging to a prophet 

PRO-PHeT'I€-AL,j or to prophecy ; containing 
prediction of future events. 

PRO-PHeT'I€-AL-LY, ad. By way of predic- 
tion. 

PROPH-Y-La€'TI€ (prof-e-tfk'tik), n. A medi- 
cine which preserves from disease. 

PRO-PlN'QUI-TY, n. Nearness in place, time, or 
relationship. 

PRO-Pi"TIA-BLE (-pish'a-bl), a. That may be 
made propitious. 

PRO-Pi"TIaTE (-pish'ate), v. t. To render one fa- 
vorable or propitious. — Syn. To reconcile ; concil- 
iate ; appease ; gain. 

PRO-Pi"TI-a'TION (-pish-e-a'shun), n. Act of 
propitiating or appeasing; atonement. 

PRO-PI"TI-a'TOR (-pish-e-a'tor), n. One who ap- 
peases or atones. 

PRO-Pi"TI-A-TO-RY (-pish'e-a-to-ry), a. Adapt- 
ed to render favorable or to atone. 

PRO-Pi"TI-A-TO-RY, n. The mercy-seat ; the lid 
or cover of the ark of the covenant. 

PRO-Pi"TIOUS (-pish'us), a. Kindly disposed or 
gracious; ready to forgive; highly favorable to 
success. — Syn. Auspicious. — Ausp>icious (from 
the ancient idea of auspices or omens) denotes 
" indicative of success, or favored by incidental 
occurrences," as an aus ] iciotis opening, an au- 
spicious event. Propitious (from prope, n ear, im- 
plying the favorable presence of some higher 
power) denotes that which efficaciously protects 
us in some undertaking, speeds our exertions, and 
decides our success, as jjropitious gales, propitious 
influences, a propitious climate. 

PRO-Pi"TIOUS-LY (-pish'us-ly), ad. Favorably; 
kindly. 



Z, e, &c, long. — a, s, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



PRO 



355 



PRO 



PRo'PLA?M, n. A mold ; a matrix. 
PRo'PO-LIS, n. A thick, odorous substance like 

wax, used by bees to stop crevices in hives. 
PRO-Po'NENT, n. One that makes a proposal or 

lays down a proposition. 
PRO-POR'TIOX, n. The comparative relation or 
adaptation of one thing to another ; equal or just 
share; the equality of ratios; a rule in arith- 
metic. — Syn. Symmetry.— The idea of adaptation 
is common to both these words, but symmetry 
denotes beautiful adaptation, an idea not always 
embraced in the word proportion. 
PRO-POR'TIOX, v. t. To adjust parts to each 

other ; to form with symmetry or suitableness. 
PRO-POR'TIOX-A-BLE, a. That may be propor- 
tioned ; suitable. 
PRO-POR'TIOX-A-BLY, ad. In or according to 

proportion. 
PRO-PoR'TION-AL, a. Having due comparative 
relation ; being in suitable proportion or degree ; 
relating to proportion. — Syn. Proportionate ; cor- 
responding ; symmetrical ; suitable. 

PRO-PoR'TION-AL, n. A number or quantity 
proportional ; in chemistry, the weight of an 
atom or an equivalent ; in mathematics, one of 
the terms of a proportion. 

PRO-PoR-TION-AL'I-TY, n. The state or quality 
of being in proportion. 

PRO-POR' TIOX-AL-LY, ad. In due proportion. 

PRO-PoR'TION-ATE, a. Adjusted to something 
else according to a certain rate or comparative re- 
lation. — Syn. Proportional; equal; symmetrical; 
corresponding. 

PRO-PoR'TIOX-aTE, v. t To proportion ; to 
make proportional. 

PRO-POR'TIOX-ATE-LY, ad. With due propor- 
tion. 

PRO-POR'TIOX-LESS, a. Without proportion. 

PRO-Po'SAL, n. That which is offered for con- 
sideration or acceptance ; terms or conditions 
proposed ; a bringing before the mind. — Syn. Of- 
fer ; tender ; overture ; bid ; proposition, which 
see. 

PRO-POSE' (pro-poze'), v. t. To offer for consid- 
eration or adoption. — Syn. To bid; tender; pre- 
sent ;_proffer. 

PRO-Po$E', v. i. To offer one's self in marriage. 

PRO-PoS'ER, n. One who makes a proposition. 

PROP-O-Si'TION (-zish'un), n. Literally, some- 
thing set forth; hence, a distinct statement of 
something as true, as a proposition in Euclid ; 
that which is offered for consideration, as propo- 
sitions of peace. — Syn. Proposal. — These words 
mark different forms or stages of a negotiation. 
A proposition is something presented for discus- 
sion or consideration ; a proposal is some defi- 
nite thing offered by one party to be accepted or 
rejected by the other. If the i>roposition is fa- 
vorably received, it is usually followed by pro- 
posals which complete the arrangement. 

PROP-0-$i"TIOX-AL (-zish'un-al), a. Belonging 
to or containing a proposition. 

PRO-POl'XD', o. t. To propose; to exhibit; to 
offer. In Congregational churches, to propose as 
a candidate for admission. 

PRO-POUXD'ER, n. One who proposes or offers, 
&c. 

PRO-PRI'E-TA-RY, n. A possessor in his own 
right ; a. belonging to an owner. 

PRO-PRI'E-TOR, n. One who has the legal or ex- 
clusive right to a thing. — Syn. Owner; possess- 
or; master. 

PRO-PRf'E-TOR-SHIP, n. State of a proprietor. 

PRO-PRi'E-TRESS, n. A female proprietor. 

PRO-PRI'E-TY, n. That which is suitable, appro- 
priate, or according to established principles, 
rules, or customs; exclusive or peculiar right. 
— Syn. Fitness; suitableness; decorum; just- 
ness ;_ accuracy. 

PRO-PuGX', v. t. To defend or vindicate. 



PRO-PuGX'ER (pro-pa'ner), n. One who defends 
or vindicates. 

PRO-PCL'SIOX (-pul'shun), n. The act of driving 
forward. 

PRO-PuL'SIVE, a. Having power to propel. 

+PR0P'Y-LOX, n. The porch, vestibule, or en- 
trance of an edifice. 

PRO-RO-Ga'TIOX, n. Delay; the continuance 
of the Parliament of Great Britain from one ses- 
sion to another. 

PRO-ROGUE', v. t. To protract ; to continue the 
Parliament from session to session. — Syn. Pro- 
long; postpone; defer; adjourn, which see. 

PRO-UuP'TIOX, n. A bursting forth or out. 

PRO-$a'IC (-za'ik), a. Consisting in or resem- 
bling prose ; dull ; uninteresting. 

PRo'SA-JST, n. A writer of prose. 

PRO-SCe'XI-UM (-se'ni-um), n. The front part 
of the stage in a theater. 

PRO-SCRIBE', v. t. To put out of the protection 
of the law; to condemn as dangerous or unwor- 
thy of use, &c. — Syn. To denounce; outlaw; 
doom. 

PRO-SCRIB'ER, n. One that proscribes or con- 
demns. 

PRO-SCRIP'TIOX (-skrip'shun), n. The act of 
proscribing; a dooming to death; a putting out 
of the protection of the law ; condemning to ex- 
ile ; utter rejection as useless or unworthy. — Syn. 
Outlawry; banishment; condemnation; denun- 
ciation. 

PRO-SCRiP'TiVE, a. Pertaining to or consisting 
in proscription. 

PROSE (proze), n. Language not in verse or num- 
bers; the natural language of man. 

PROSE, a. Unrestrained to numbers; free. 

PRoSE, v. i. To make a tedious relation. 

PROS'E-CuTE, v. t. To follow with a view to 
reach, execute, or accomplish; to commence, 
continue, or persist in efforts; to seek to obtain 
by a legal process; to accuse of some crime or 
breach of law. — Syn. To continue; pursue; per- 
sist; follow; carry on; criminate. 

PROS'E-CuTE, v. i. To carry on a prosecution. 

PROS-E-CD'TIOX, n. The act or process of en- 
deavoring to gain some object; the institution 
or carrying on of a suit to obtain some right or to 
redress and punish some wrong. 

PROS'E-Cu-TOR, n. One who prosecutes. 

PEOS'E-LyTE, n. A new convert to a creed or 
party. See Convert. [ty. 

PROS'E-LYTE, v. t. To convert to a creed or par- 

PROS'E-LyT-ISM, n. The making of converts; 
conversion to a system or creed. 

PRoS'ER (pro'zer), n. A writer of prose; a tedi- 
ous person. 

PRoS'IXG, n. The quality of being dull and tedi- 
ously miuute in writing or speech. 

PRO-SLaV'ER-Y, a. In favor of slavery or advo- 
cating it. 

PRO-So'DI-AL, \ a. According to rules of pros- 

PRO-S0D'IC-AL,f ody. 

PRO-So'DI-AX,' n. One skilled in prosody or in 

PKoS'O-DIST, j metrical composition. 

PROS'O-DY, n. The part of grammar which treats 
of the quantity of syllables, accent, and of the 
laws of versification. 

+PROS-0-PO-POZ'IA (-pe'ya), n. [Or.] A figure 
in rhetoric by which things are represented as 
persons, or an absent person is introduced as 
speaking. 

PROS'PECT, n. A view of things within reach of 
the eye ; object of view ; reason to hope ; position 
of the front of a building ; the ground of expect- 
ation. — Syn. View; survey; landscape; picture. 
PROS'PECT. v. t. or v. i. A verb much used in 
mining regions, denoting to search or examine, 
as to prospect a district for gold, &c. 
PRO-SPeCT'iVE. a. Looking forward; regard- 
ing the future. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK; EULE, BULL; vi cious.- 



J ; s as z ; cu as sn ; this. * Xot English, 



PRO 



356 



PRO 



PRO-3Pe€T'US n. ; pi. Pro-spest'us-es. Plan 
of a literary work, containing the general subject 
or design, terms of publication, &c. 

PRoS'PER, v. i. To be successful; to grow or in- 
crease ; to make gain. — Syn. To succeed ; flour- 
ish ; thrive ; advance. 

PRoS'PER, v. t. To cause to succeed; to favor; 
to make prosperous; to render successful. 

PROS-PeR'I-TY, n. Advance or gain in any thing 
good or desirable; successful progress in any 
business or enterprise; attainment of the object 
desired. — Syn. Success; thrift; weal; welfare; 
well-being ; happiness. 

PR6S'PER-OUS, a. Advancing in any thing de- 
sirable ; making gain, &c. ; marked by success ; 
favoring success. — Syn. Successful ; thriving ; 
favorable ; fortunate, which see. 

PRoS'PER-OUS-LY, ad. Successfully ; with gain. 

PRoS'THE-SIS, n. In grammar, a figure by 
which one or more letters are attached to a word ; 
in surgery, the addition of an artificial part to 
supply a defect ; in medicine, an overlapping, as 
of one fever period on another. 

PRoS'TI-TuTE, v. t. To sell or devote to lewd- 
ness; to debase; to make common; to sell for 
wickedness. 

PRoS'TI-TuTE, a. Vicious for hire ; sold to vice. 

PRoS'TI-TuTE, n. A female devoted to indis- 
criminate lewdness ; a base hireling ; a strumpet. 

PROS-TI-Tu'TION, n. Common lewdness; the 
act of setting one's self for sale or of devoting 
what one has power over to infamous purposes. 

PRoS'TI-Til-TOR, n. One who offers or submits 
himself to vile purposes. 

PRoS'TRaTE, a. Lying at length; flat on the 
ground ; at mercy, as a suppliant, or in the pos- 
ture of humility or adoration. 

PRoS'TRaTE, v. t. To throw down ; to lay or fall 
flat. — Syn. To overthrow ; demolish ; overturn ; 
ruin ; level, &c. 

PROS-TRa'TION, n. A throwing down or fall- 
ing ; total dejection or depression. 

PRo'STTLE, n. A range of columns in front. 

PRo'SY, a. Like prose ; dull. 

PRO-SyX'LO-gISM, n. A form of argument in 
which the conclusion of one syllogism becomes 
the major or the minor of the following. 

PRoT, \ n. In chemistry, a prefix expressing 

PRo'TO,/ the combination in which the base is 
iu the largest proportion possible to the other 
substance, &sprotoxyd, &c. 

PRGT'A-SIS, n. lGr.~] The preparatory clause of 
a sentence, as opposed to the apodosis, which 
word see. [shape readily. 

PRo'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to Proteus; changing 

PRo'TE-AN, n. A name given to a preparation 
of India-rubber, which is hard and like wood, 
used in the manufacture of various articles. 

PRO-TeCT', v. t. To secure from injury ; to throw 
a shelter over ; to keep in safety. — Syn. To 
shield ; save ; cover ; vindicate ; defend, which 
see. 

PRO-TeC'TION, n. The act of preserving from 
evil, loss, injury, &c. ; that which protects or 
preserves from injury; a writing that protects. — 
Syn. Defense ; guard ; shelter ; safety ; exemp- 
tion. 

PRO-Te€'TION-IST, n. An advocate for protec- 
tion of industry by increased duties, bounties, 
&c. 

PRO-Te€T'iVE, a. Defensive; sheltering. 

PRO-Te€T'OR, n. One who defends or preserves 
from injury, evil, or oppression. — Syn. A guard- 
ian; preserver; defender; savior; supporter. 

PRO-Te€T'OR-ATE, n. Government by a pro- 
tector, [or. 

PRO-Te€T'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a protect- 

PRO-Te€T'RESS, n. A female who protects. 

+PRO-TE-G-E' (pro-ta-zhaO, n. [Fr.] One pro- 
tected or patronized. 



PRo'TE-IN, n. A gelatinous semi-transparent 

« substance obtained from albumen, &c, insoluble 
in water, and thought to be the basis of animal 
tissue, &c. 

PRO-TEST', v. i. To affirm solemnly ; to make a 
solemn declaration in writing against a public 
measure. — Syn. To assert; declare; attest; pro- 
fess; remonstrate; affirm, which see. 

PRO-TEST', v. t. To affirm with solemnity ; to 
make a formal declaration of non-payment, as of 
a_bill, notice, &c. 

PRo'TEST, n. A solemn declaration of opinion, 
or in writing, of a dissent ; a formal declaration 
of a notary of non-payment, &c, or of a master 
of a vessel in certain cases. 

PRoT'EST-ANT, a. Pertaining to Protestants. 

PRoT'EST-ANT, n. One who protests against 
popery ; one of the reformed religion. 

PRoT'EST-ANT-ISM, n. The religion of Protest- 
ants. 

PROT-ES-Ta'TION, n. A solemn declaration. 

PRO-TeST'ER, n. One who makes a protest. 

+PRo'TE-US, n. [L.] One that can assume differ- 
ent shapes; a marine deity ; a reptile. 

PRO-THoN'O-TA-RY, n. The chief notary; the 
register or clerk of a court. 

PRo'TO-COL, n. The minutes or rough draft of 
an instrument or transaction ; a schedule or state- 
ment of the points proposed as the basis of a 
treaty or negotiation, &c. 

PRo'TO-MaR'TYR, n. The first martyr, Stephen. 

PEo'TO-PLAST, n. The thing first formed. 
^PRo'TO-TTPE, n. An original or pattern after 
which any thing is to be formed, cast, engraved, 
&c. — Syn. Archetype; model; exemplar. 

PRO-TO-Zo'A, n. The infusoria or lowest class of 
animalcules ; sometimes the term includes all the 
lower animals with no perceptible nerves. 

PRO-TRACT', v. t. To lengthen in time ; to put 
off to a distant time ; to draw out. — Syn. To pro- 
long; delay; defer; postpone; retard. 

PRO-TRaOT'ER, n. One who protracts or length- 
ens in time. 

PRO-TRACTION, n. A lengthening out ; the act 
of delaying any thing; in surveying, the plotting 
or laying down the measures of a field. 

PRO-TRa€T'iVE, a. Drawing out or lengthen- 
ing in time ; delaying ; dilatory. 

PRO-TRa€T'OR, n. He or that which protracts ; 
a mathematical instrument used for measuring 
or laying down angles, &c. ; also a surgical in- 
strument. 

PRO-TRuDE' (31), v. t. To thrust out or forward. 

PRO-TRuDE', v. i. To shoot forward ; to be thrust 
forward. 

PRO-TRuD'ED, a. Thrust forward or out. 

PRO-TRO'SION (-trti'zhun), n. Act of thrusting 
out or beyond the usual limit; state of being 
protruded ; a driving ; a uush. 

PRO-TRu'SiVE, a. Impelling outward ; thrusting 
forward. 

PRO-Tu'BER-ANCE, n. Any thing swelled be- 
yond the surrounding surface; a bunch or knob; 
a swelling or tumor. 

PRO-Tu'BER-ANT, a. Prominent beyond the sur- 
rounding surface ; swelling. 

PRO-Tu'BER-aTE, v. i. To swell, stand, or bulge 
out beyond adjacent parts. 

PRO-TU-BER-a'TION, n. Act of swelling beyond 
the surface. 

PROUD, a. Having inordinate self-esteem ; lofty 
in mien or grand in person ; exhibiting ostenta- 
tion, arrogance, or presumption ; fungous, as 
proud flesh. — Syn. Conceited ; arrogant ; super- 
cilious; lofty; splendid; ostentatious. 

PROUD'LY, ad. With undue self-esteem ; haugh- 
tily, [proved. 

PRoV'A-BLE (proov'a-bl), a. Capable of being 

PRoVE (proov), v. t. To ascertain by an experi- 
ment, test, or standard ; to establish, as truth ; 



a, e, &c, long. — I, £, &c, short. — care, fab, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



PRO 



357 



PSA 



to settle the genuineness or validity, as to prove 
a will.— Syn. Totiy; test; verify; confirm. 

PRoYE, v. i. To make trial; to ascertain by ex- 
perience or experiment; to make certain. 

PROY'EN-DER, n. Food for cattle and horses. 

PRoV'ER (proov'er), n. One who tries ; that which 
proves. 

PB6VERB, n. A short sentence often repeated, 
expressing a well-known truth ; a wise or pithy 
saying; a name often repeated, and hence an ob- 
ject of contempt.— Syn. Maxim; aphorism; ad- 
age; by- word. 

PRO-YeRB'I-AL (13), a. Contained in, pertain- 
ing to, or resembling a proverb; used or current 
as a proverb. 

PRO-YeRB'I-AL-I$M, n. A proverbial phrase. 

PRO-VeRB'I-AL-IZE, v. t. To turn into a prov- 
erb. 

PRO-VeRB'I-AL-LY, ad. In or by a proverb. 

PRO- VIDE', v. t. To procure beforehand or for 
future use ; to supply ; to stipulate previously. 

PRO- VIDE', v. i. To take measures for avoiding 
an evil. 

PROV'I-DENCE, n. Timely care, preparation, or 
provision; in theology, the superintendence of 
God over his creatures. — Syn. Foresight; pru- 
dence. 

PRoY'I-DENT, a. Foreseeing wants, and taking 
measures to supply them. — Syn. Forecasting; 
careful ; cautious ; prudent ; frugal ; economical. 

PROY-I-D£N'TIAL (-den'shal), a. Referable to 
Divine Providence ; proceeding from the divine 
care and superintendence. 

PROV-I-D£N'TIAL-LY, ad. By means of God's 
providence. 

PRf>Y'I-DEXT-LY, ad. With careful precaution. 

PROVINCE, n. A country belonging to a king- 
dom or state, either by conquest or colonization, 
usually at a distance, but subject and dependent ; 
an ecclesiastical district; the proper office or 
business of a person. 

PRO-YiN'CIAL, n. A spiritual governor; inhab- 
itant of a province. 

PRO-YiN'CIAL, a. Belonging to a province; not 
polished; rude. 

PRO-YiX'CIAL-ISM, n. Peculiarity of speech in 
a province or district remote from the metrop- 
olis. 

PRO-YI"$ION (-vizh'un), n. The act of providing ; 
things provided; preparation; measures taken 
for security, defense, or supply ; previous stipu- 
lation; stores; food. 

PRO-VI"$ION, v. t. To supply with stores of 
food. 

PRO-Yi"SION-AL, \ a. Serving for 

PRO- Yi"$ION-A-RY (-vizh'un-) ,/ present use; 
temporarily established. 

PRO-Yi"$ION-AL-LY, ad. Temporarily ; for the 
present exigency. 

PRO-Yi'SO, n; pi. Peo-vi'sos. Conditional stipu- 
lation. 

PRO-YTSOR, n. A purveyor or steward. 

PRCM i'SO-RY, a. Making temporary provision; 
conditional. 

PROY-O-Ca'TION, n. Any thing which excites 
anger; the act of exciting anger. 

PRO-Vo'CA-TiVE, a. Exciting; stimulating ap- 
petite. 

PRO-Yu'CA-TI YE, n. That which excites ; a stim- 
ulant. 

PRO-VoKE', v. t. To call to action ; to make an- 
gry. — Syn. To excite challenge; offend; in- 
cense^ irritate, which see. 

PRO-YoK'ER, n. One that excites anger or oth- 
er passion ; that which excites, causes, or pro- 
motes. 

PRO-VoK'ING, a. Tending to awaken passion. 

PRoY'OST (prov'ust), n. A chief officer or magis- 
trate. 

PROY'oST-SHIP, n. The office of a provost. 



RU-N£L'LA, ) n. A smooth woolen stuff, gener- 
HU-NeL'LO. j ally black, used for making gar- 



PROW, n. The forepart of a ship. 

PROWESS, n. Bravery, especially military brave- 
ry; valor; fearlessness of danger. 

PROWL, v. i. To rove for prey; to plunder. 

PROWL, n. A roving for prey ; something to be 
seized or plundered. 

PROWL'ER, n. One that roves for prey. 

PRoX'I-MATE, a. Having intimate relation or 
connection. — Syn. Nearest; closest; next; im- 
mediate; direct. 

PROX'I-MATE-LY, ad. By immediate relation 
or connection ; immediately. 

PROX-lM'I-TY, n. The state of heing next; im- 
mediate nearness of place, time, blood, &c. 

+PRoX'I-MO, n. [£.] The next or the coming 
month, used in dates, references, &c. 

PROX'Y, n. Agency of a substitute; a substitute; 
a writing authorizing a substitute to vote. 

PRoX'Y-SHIP, n. The office or agency of a proxy. 

PRCDE (31). n. A woman of reserve, coyness, and 
affected stiffness of manners. 

PRu'DENCE, n. Wisdom applied to practice; 
cautious avoidance of evil. — Syn. Forecast; con- 
siderateness; discretion; judgment; caution. 

PRr'DENT, a. Cautious to avoid harm ; practic- 
ally wise; dictated or directed by prudence. — 
Syn. Circumspect; discreet; judicious; provi- 
dent; economical; frugal. 

PRu-DeNTIAL (-dCn'shal), a. Dictated hy pru- 
dence ; superintending the discretionary concerns 
of a society. 

PRC'DENT-LY, ad. Discreetly ; with due caution. 

PRiD'ER-Y, n. Affected scrupulousness or reserve. 

PRCD'ISH, a. Affectedly coy, reserved, or grave. 

PRUNE, n. A dried plum. 

PRUNE, v. t. To cut off branches ; to trim. 

PRU-N 

PR 
ments and shoes ; also a dried plum. 

PRCN'ER, n. One who prunes or trims. 

PRU-NlF'ER-OUS, a. Producing prunes. 

PRuN'ING, n. Act of trimming ; a cropping. 

PRCNTnSiSn'iFE ( -nife),l a An instrument for 

PRC N'lNG-SHEARS, ' > V mmn 8 treeS ' 

PRC'RI-ENCE, > n. An itching ; great desire ; 

PRu'RI-EN-CYJ sensuality. 

PRC'RI-ENT, a. Itching ; uneasy with desire. 

PRU-Ri'GO, n. A peculiar papular eruption of 
the skin, attended with itching, but different from 
the disease called itch. 

PRCS'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Prussia. Prussian 
blue is a salt of iron, of a beautiful deep blue col- 
or, much used as a pigment. 

PRCS'SIC or PRuS'SIC, a. Prussic acid is a vir- 
ulent poison, first obtained from Prussian blue, 
now from various other substances, used in med- 
icine. 

PRv, v. i. To inspect closely. 

PRY, V. t. To lift with a lever. 

PRY, n. Narrow inspection, &c. ; a lever. 

PRY'ING, a. Disposed to search into things. 
See Inquisitive. 

P, next before s and t, has no sound. 

PSXLM (sam), n. A sacred song or hymn, par- 
ticularly the versification of the Psalms of David 
and others contained in the Bible. 

PSXLM'IST (siim'ist), n. A writer of psalms, and 
particularly applied to David. In the Church of 
Rome, the "leader of singing. 

PSAL-M6D'I€-AL (sal-mod'ik-al), a. Relating to 
psalms. Tsacred songs. 

PSaL'MO-DIST (sal'mo-dist), n. One who sings 

PSaL'MO-DY (sal'mo-dy), n. The art or practice 
of singing sacred songs. 

PSAL-MoG'RA-PH Y, n. The writing of psalms. 

PSAL'TEH (sawl'ter), n. The Book of Psalms; a 
series of devout sentences, relating to the suffer- 
ings of Christ, &c, used in the Roman Catholic 



'Oi.F, noon; eule, eulu; vi cious. — € as 



as j ; s as z ; cu as sh ; this. + Xot English. 



PSA 



358 



PUL 



PSAL'TER-Y (sawl'ter-y), n. An instrument of 
music. 

PSEu'DO (su'do), n. In compounds, signifies 
false, spurious. 

PSEu'DO-GRAPH, \ n. False 

PSEu-D6G'RA-PHY (su-dog'ra-fy),f writing. 

PSEU-DoL'O-gY, n. Falsehood of speech. 

PSEU-DoN'Y-MOUS, a. Bearing a false or ficti- 
tious name. 

PSHAW (shaw), ex. Expressing contempt or dis- 
dain. 

PSIT-Ta'CEOUS, a. Belonging to the parrot 
tribe. 

PSo'RA, n. The itch or any cutaneous disease. 

PST'€1II€-AL (si'kik-al), a. Relating to the soul, 
its nature, &c. 

PST-€HO-L06'I€ (si-ko-loj'ik),f «. Pertaining 

PSv-€HO-L6g'I€-AL, j to a treatise 

on the soul, or to the study of the soul of man. 

PSy-CHoL'O-uIST (si-kol'o-jist), n. One who is 
versed in or writes on the nature and properties 
of the soul. 

PSy-€H6L'0-6Y (sl-kol-o-jy), n. The doctrine 
of the soul ; a discourse or treatise on the soul. 

PSy'€IIO-MAN-CY (si'ko-man-cy), n. Divina- 
tion by consulting the souls of the dead. 

PT XR'MI-G AN, n. A bird of the grouse family. 

PTER-O-DAC'TYL, n. A saurian reptile ; the ex- 
tinct winged toad or fiy.ng lizard. 

PTIS'AN (tiz'an), n. A decoction of barley with 
other ingredients ; a cooling drink. 

PTOL-E-Ma'I€, a. Pertaining to Ptolemy, who 
held the earth to be the center of the system. 

PTy'A-LISM (ti'aJizm), m. Salivation; a morbid 
and copious flow of saliva. 

Pu'BER-AL, a. Pertaining to puberty. 

Pu'BER-T V, n. The age at which persons are able 
to procreate and bear children. 

PU-BeS'CENCE, n. A state of puberty; in bota- 
ny, the downy substance on plants. 

PU-BkS'CENT, a. Arriving at puberty ; downy. 

POB'LIC, a. Pertaining to a nation or communi- 
ty; common to many ; circulated among all class- 
es ; open to all ; regarding the community ; open 
for entertainment or common use. — Syn. Com- 
mon ; current ; general ; notorious. 

POB'LIC, n. The body of a people. 

PuB'LI-€AN, n. An inn-keeper; a collector of 
toll. 

PUB-LI-€a'TION, n. The act of publishing ; 
book or writing published. — Syn. Proclamation ; 
annunciation ; disclosure ; revelation. 

POB'LI-CIST, n. A writer on the laws of nations. 

PUB-LIC'I-TY (-lis'e-ty), n. State of being public 
or known to the community; notoriety. 

PuB'LIC-LY, ad. Without concealment; openly; 
in the name of the community. 

PuB'LISH, v. t. To send a book into the world; 
to sell or offer a book for sale; to put into circu- 
lation; to make known. — Syn. To advertise; de- 
clare ; disclose ; reveal ; announce, which see. 

PuB'LISH-ER, n. One who makes known; one 
Mho publishes books, &c. 

PuB'LISH-MENT, n. In popular usage, public 
notice of an intended marriage. 

PDCE, a. Of a dark brown or brownish-purple 
color. 

PuCK, n. A mischievous spirit ; a demon. 

POCK'ER, v. t. To plait : to wrinkle. 

PuCK'ER, n. A fold, wrinkle, or a collection of 

folds. 

PuD'DER, n. A tumult or bustle. [Vulgar.] 

PuD'DER, v. i. or v. t. To make a tumult or bus- 
tle ; to perplex ; to confuse. 

PTJD'DING, n. A compound of meal or flour, &c, 
baked or boiled ; a wreath of cordage round a 
mast or an anchor-ring. 

PUD'DING-SToNE, n. A coarse sand-stone com- 
posed of silicious pebbles, flint, &c. 

PuD'DLE, n. A muddy standing water; a mix- 



ture of sand and clay worked together so as to 
be impervious to water. 

PuD'DLE, v. t. To L.ake foul ; to make thick ; to 
render impervious to water; to convert cast into 
wrought iron by puddling. 

PCD'DLING, n. The act of rendering impervious 
to water by means of clay ; the process of con- 
verting cast into wrought iron by expelling the 
carbon, &c. 

PuD'DLY, a. Muddy; foul; dirty. 

Pu'DEN-CY, n. Modesty; shamefacedness. 

PU-DlC'I-TY (-dis'e-ty), n. Modesty ; chastity. 

Pu'ER-iLE (p[i'er-il),a. Pertaining to boys; boy- 
ish; weak.— Syn. Youthful; juvenile. — Puerile 
is always used in a bad sense, or at least in the 
sense of what is suitable to a boy only, &&puet He 
objections, puerile amusements, &c. Juvenile is 
sometimes taken in a bad sense (though less 
strong than puerile), as when speaking of youth 
in contrast with manhood, as juvenile tricks, a 
juvenile performance. Youthful is commonly 
employed in a good sense, as youthful aspira- 
tions, or at least by way of extenuating, as youth- 
ful indiscretions. 

Pu'ER-iLE-NESS,) n. The manners of a child; 

Pu-ER-IL'I-TY, j" that which is trifling, flat, 
or insipid ; childishness. 

PU-i;R'PE-RAL, a. Pertaining to childbirth. 

PuFF, n. A sudden emission of breath ; a whiff; 
a blast of wind ; something light and porous ; an 
exaggerated commendation. 

PuFF, v. i. To drive air from the mouth in a blast ; 
to swell the cheeks with air; to blow, as an ex- 
pression of scorn, &c. ; to breathe with vehe- 
mence; to do or move with hurry; to dilate. 

PuFF, v. t. To drive with a blast of wind; to 
swell; to praise with exaggeration. 

POFF'-BALL, n. A mushroom or fungus full of 
dust. 

PuFF ER, n. One who puffs; a boaster. 

PuFF'IN, n. A bird of the auk family ; also, a va- 
riety of fish. 

PcFF'I-NESS, n. State or quality of being turgid. 

PuFFING, n. A short breathing; extravagant 
praise. 

PuFF'V, a. Swelled with air or any soft matter; 
tumid; bombastic. 

PuG, n. A name given to a little animal treated 
with familiarity, as a monkey, &c. 

PUGH ([>(">), ex. Expressing contempt or dislike. 

Pu'GHL-ISM, n. A boxing ; fighting with the fist. 

Pu'GlL-lST, n. One who lights with his fist. 

PU-GlL-iST'I€, a. Pertaining to boxing. 

PUG-Na'(JIOUS (-na'shus), a. Inclined to fight; 
fighting. 

PUG-NAC'I-TY (-nas'e-ty), n. Disposition to fight. 

PuG'NoSE, n. A short, thick nose ; a snub-nose. 

PuIS'NE (pu'ny), a. Younger; inferior in rank, 
as puisne j ustices. 

PO'IS-SANCJE, n. Power; strength ; valor. 

PuTS-SANT, a. Characterized by power, bravery, 
or force. — Syn. Powerful; mighty; brave; forci- 
ble. 

PuKE, v. i. To vomit ; to eject from the stomach. 

PuKE, n. A medicine that causes vomiting. 

PuKTNG, n. The act of vomiting. 

PuL'€HRI-TuDE, n. That quality of form, &c, 
which pleases the eye; those qualities of the 
mind which deserve love, &c. — Syn. Beauty; 
comeliness; grace. 

PuLE, v. i. To whine or cry like a child or 
chicken. 

PULL, v. t. or v. i. To draw or try to draw; to 
gather by drawing or forcing out, as flax; to 
tear; to bring down. — Syn. To drag; haul; 
pluck; rend; demolish, &c. 

PULL, n. Act of drawing or plucking. 

PULL'BACK, n. Something that hinders prog- 
ress. 

PULL'ER, n. One that pulls. 



I, e, &c, long. — I, b, &c, short. — caee, fak, last, fall, what; sthbbe, term; marine, bird; move, 



PUL 



359 



PUP 



PUM/ET, n. A young hea or female fowl. 
PULL'EY, n. ; %>l- Plll'eys. A small wheel in a 

block, with a fuirow or groove, for a running 

cord ; a mechanical power. 
POL'LU-LaTE, v. i. To bud; to germinate. 
POL'MO-NA-RY,) a. Belonging to or affecting 
PUL-M6N'I€, J the lungs. 
PUL-MoN'I€, n. Medicine for diseases of the 

lungs; a person affected with disease of the 

lungs. 
PfjLP, n. The soft part of fruit; a soft mass; 

marrow. 
PCLP, v. t To deprive of pulp, as seeds. 
PUL'PIT, n. An elevated station or desk for a 

preacher ; a sort of movable desk. 
PlIL'PIT-oR'A-TOR, n. An eloquent preacher. 

PCLP' Y US ' } a - Consistin S of or like P ul P- 

■frPUL'QUE (pul'ka), n. [Sp.~] A refreshing drink, 
slightly intoxicating, extracted from the maguey 
or agave of Mexico. 

POL'SaTE, v. i. To beat or throb as an artery. 

POL'SA-TiLE (pul'sa-til), a. That is or may be 
beaten. 

PUL-Sa'TION, n. A beating; the throbbing of 
the heart and arteries. 

POL'SA-TiVE, \ a. Beating; throbbing, as the 

P0L'SA-TO-RY,j heart. 

POLSE, n. A beating of arteries; the stroke with 
which a medium is affected by the motion of 
light and sound : oscillation or vibration ; legu- 
minous plants or their seeds. 

PUL-SiF'I€, a. Moving or exciting the pulse. 

POL'VER-A-BLE, a. That may be powdered. 

PUL-VER-I-Za'TION, n. A reducing to powder. 

POL'VER-fZE, v. t. To reduce to fine powder, as 
by beating or pounding. 

PUL-VeR'l-LENCE, n. Dustiness; a powdery 
state. 

PUL-YeR'u-LENT, a. Dusty; consisting of pow- 
der; addicted to lying or rolling hi the dust, as 
fowls, &c. 

PCM'iCE (pum'is), n. A light, porous substance 
ejected from volcanoes. 

PU-MI"CEOUS (-mish'us), a. Consisting of pum- 
ice. 

PfiM'MACE, n. Apples crushed for making cider. 
See Pomace. 

POM'MEL. See Pommel. 

POMP, n. An engine for raising water; a thin- 
soled shoe. 

POMP, v. i. or v. t. To work or raise water with 
a pump ; to draw out or examine by artful inter- 
rogatories. 

POMP'-BRaKE, n. The arm or handle to a pump. 

POMP'-DaLE, n. A long wooden tube to convey 
the water from a chain-pump across the ship. 

POMP'-GeAR, n. The apparatus of a pump. 

POMP'ION (pump'yun),) . , . , .. _ .. 

POMP'KIN f plant and its fruit. 

PON, n. A quibble ; a low conceit ; an expression 
or word with two meanings. 

PON, v. i. To quibble or play upon words. 

PuNCH, n. An instrument to perforate holes; a 
drink made of lemons, sugar, water, and spirit ; 
a buffoon ; a short, fat fellow ; a fat horse ; a 
blow or thrust. 

PuNCH, v. t. To perforate with an iron instru- 
ment ; to thrust. 

PONC il'EON (pun'chun), n. A tool for stamping ; 
a block or piece of steel with figures engraved on 
it, from which impressions are taken ; a cask usu- 
ally containing 120 gallons. 

PONCH'ER, n. One that punches ; a perforating 
instrument. 

PUN-CHI-NEL'LO, n. A buffoon ; a punch. 

PONCH'Y, a. Short and thick, or fat. 

PuNC'TaTE, \ a. Pointed ; having the surface 

P0NC'Ta-TED,| dotted. 

PuNCTI-FORM, a. Having the form of a point. 



PUNC-TiL'IO (punk-til 'yo), n. A nice point in 

conduct or ceremony. 
PUNC-TiL'IOUS (-tll'yus), a. Exact in ceremony 

or bargain. 
PUJJC-f IL'IOUS-LY (-til'yus-ly), ad. With great 

PUNC-TIL'IOUS-NESS, n. Exactness in the ob- 
servance of forms or rules; preciseness. 
PuNC'To, n. A nice point ; the point in fencing. 
PuNCT'u-AL (punkt'yu-al), a. Observant of nice 
points; particular in observing time or engage- 
ments. — Syn. Exact; precise; strict; accurate. 

PUNCT-u-AL'I-TY, n. Scrupulous exactness in 
time or manner. 

PuNCT'u-AL-LY, ad. With exactness; scrupu- 
lousl} r . 

PuNCT'u-aTE (piinkt'yu-ate), v. t. To mark with 
points or pauses designating sentences, clauses, 
&c, of a writing. 

PUN€T-t5-A'TION, n. The act or art of pointing 
a discourse or writing for making the pauses and 
division of sentences. 

PuNCT'fjRE (punkt'yur), n. A pricking, or hole 
made by it. 

PuNCT'uRE (punkt'yur), v. t. To prick or pierce 
with a point. 

PuN'DIT, n. A learned Brahmin. 

PONG-, n. A small one-horse sleigh with one pole. 

P0N'6EN-CY, n. Power of pricking or piercing ; 
sharpness. 

PON'gENT, a. Affecting the organs of sense with 
a pricking sensation ; affecting the mind with a 
correspondent sensation, as pxLngent remarks. — 
Syn. Acrid ; piercing ; acute ; keen ; biting ; 
stinging. 

Pu'NIC, n. The language of the Carthaginians. 

PO'NIC, a. Pertaining to Carthage; faithless. 

PO'NI-NESS, n. Littleness and weakness; petti- 
ness. 

PON'ISH, v. t. To inflict as penalty for a crime, 
fault, &c. ; more loosely, to inflict pain, &c, with 
a view to amendment; to chastise. — Syn. To cor- 
rect; discipline; scourge; chasten; castigate. 

PON'ISH-A-BLE, a. Liable or worthy to be pun- 
ished. 

PON'ISH-MENT, n. Any pain, suffering, or loss 
as the reward of a crime. 

Pu'NI-TiVE, ) a. Inflicting or awarding pun- 

P0'NI-TO-RY,| ishment. 

PONK, n. A lewd female ; decayed wood. 

PON'KA, n. A machine hung from the ceiling in 
Hindostan for fanning a room. 

PON'NING, n. The art or practice of using puns. 

PON'STER, n. One who puns or is skilled in pun- 
ning; aquibbler; a low wit. 

PONT, n. A flat-bottomed boat, used in calking 
and repairing ships. 

PONT, v. i. A term formerly used in playing cer- 
tain games of cards, as basset, ombre, &c. 

Pu'NY, a. Little and weak. 

POP, v. i. To bring forth puppies or whelps. 

POP, n. A young dog ; a puppy. 

Pu'PA, n. ; pi. P6'p.£ or Pupes. > An insect in the 

POPE, n. ) third state of 

jts existence, called also chrysalis or aurelia. 

Pu'PIL, n. A scholar, ward, or youth under the 
care of an instructor; the apple of the eye ; a lit- 
tle aperture in the middle of the iris. See 
_Scholae. [ship. 

Pu'PIL-A6E, n. The state of a scholar; ward- 

Pu'PIL-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a pupil or ward. 

PuP'PET, n. A small doll ; a wooden image mov- 
ed by wires, &c. ; a person under the control of 
another, in contempt. 

POP'PET-SHoW (-sho), n. A show of little ini- 
agps moved by wires, &c. 

POP'PY, n. A young dog; a whelp; a mean or 
conceited fellow. 

POP'PY -ISM, 7i. Extreme meanness ; affectation; 
silliness. 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bull; vi"c;ous. — € as k; uasj; » as z; ch as sh ; this. * Not English. 



PUR 



360 



PUS 



PuR, v. i. To murmur, as a cat. 

PuR, n. The low, continued so'md made by cats. 

PU-RaN'IC, a. Pertaining to the Purana, or sa- 
cred poems of the Hindoos. 

PuR'BLIND, \ a. Near-sighted ; seeing obscure- 

PoRE'BLiND, j ly. 

PuR'CHAS-A-BLE, a. That can be purchased. 

PuR'CHASE, v. t. or v. i. To gain ; to obtain for 
money ; to procure. 

PuR'CHASE, n. A buying; thing bought; power 
of a lever or a mechanical advantage. 

PuR'CHAS-ER, n. One Mho purchases ; a buyer. 

PURE, a. Separate from all extraneous matter or 
from defilement; unconnected with any thing 
else ; free from guilt. — Syn. Unmixed ; clear ; 
simple ; genuine ; clean ; chaste ; innocent ; guile- 
less; holy. 

PuRE'LY, ad. Without admixture ; without guilt ; 
merely; completely. 

PuRE'NESS, n. Quality of being pure. 

PuR'FLE (piir'fl),) n. A border of embroidered 

PuR'FLEW, / work. 

PUR-Ga'TION, n. The act of cleansing or puri- 
fying. 

PfjR'GA-TiVE, a. Tending to purge ; cleansing. 

PuR'GA-TIVE, n. A cathartic; a medicine that 
evacuates. 

PUR-GA-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to Purgatory. 

PuR'GA-TO-RY, n. A place after death where 
the Roman Catholics suppose the souls of per- 
sons are purified by punishment. 

PuR'GA-TO-RY, a. That tends to cleanse. 

PuRgE, n. A cathartic medicine. 

P0R6E, v. t. To cleanse ; to purify by removing 
whatever is offensive; to clear from guilt or 
moral defilement, or from accusation. 

PuRgE, v. i. To become pure by clarification. 

PuRg'ING, n. Preternatural evacuation. 

PU-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of purifying; a 
cleansing. 

PU-RiF'I-€a-TiVE, \ a. Having power to pu- 

PU-RiF'I-€A-TC-RY,f rify. 

Pu'RI-FlED, a. Made pure; freed from pollu- 
tion, [finer. 

Pu'RI-Fi-ER, n. He or that which purifies; a re- 

Pu'RI-FORM, a. Resembling pus or matter. 

Pu'RI-FT, v. t. To make pure ; to free from pol- 
lution or from improprieties ; to refine. 

Pu'RI-Fy, v. i. To grow or become pure and clear. 

Pu'RI-Fy-ING, n. The act or operation of mak- 
ing pure. 

Pu'RIM, n. The feast of lots among the Jews. 

Pu'RISM, n. Immaculate morals and conduct; 
ovemicety in language. 

Pu'RIST, n. One very nice in the choice of words. 

Pu'RI-TAN, n. One who withdrew from the 
Church of England for greater purity of disci- 
pline. 

Pu'RI-TAN, a. Pertaining to the Puritans. 

PU-RI-TaN'I€, \ a. Pertaining to the Puri- 

PU-RI-TAN'I€-AL,j tans and their doctrines; 
as a term of reproach, rigid. 

Pu'RI-TAN-I$M, n. The practice of Puritans. 

Pu'RI-TAN-iZE, v. t. To convert to the notions 
of Puritans. 

Pu'RI-TY, n. Freedom from extraneous matter 
or from the guilt and defilement of sin ; freedom 
from improper views or connections, or from for- 
eign and barbarous words. — Syn. Cleanness ; 
clearness; genuineness; chastity; innocence; 
sincerity, &c. 

PuRL, n. A sort of lace ; a border; a malt liquor 
with aromatic herbs; a gentle murmur of a 
stream ; two rounds in knitting. 

PuRL, v. i. To flow with a gentle noise or a mur- 
muring sound, as a small stream among stones. 

PuR'LIEu (piir'lu), n. Inclosure; border; a cer- 
tain limited extent or district. 

PuRL'ING, a. Murmuring; gurgling. 
PuRL'ING, n. The noise of a rippling stream. 



PUR-LOIN', v. t. To take by theft or by plagia- 
rism. — Syn. To steal; pilfer; plagiarize; thieve. 

PUR-LOIN', v. i. To practice theft. 

PUR-LOIN'ER, n. One who steals; a plagiary. 

PUR-LOIN'ING, n. Theft; plagiarism. 

POR'PLE (piir'pl), a. In poetry, red or livid ; 
dyed with blood ; red tinged with blue. 

PuR'PLE (piir'pl), n. A color composed of red and 
blue ; a robe of honor. 

PuR'PLE, v. t. To color with purple. 

PuR'PLI?® (pur'plz), n. pi. Livid spots, as in 
fever. 

PuR'PLISH, a. Somewhat purple; like purple. 

PuR'PoRT, n. That which is meant ; tendency. 

POR'PoRT, v. t. To intend to show ; to signify. 

PfjR'POSE, n. Object to be accomplished ; de- 
termined choice. — Syn. Intention; aim; drift; 
view ; end ; design, which see. 

PuR'POSE, v. t. or v. i. To determine on some 
end to be accomplished ; to have an intention or 
design. — Syn. To intend; aim; mean; resolve; 
decree. 

PuR'POSE-LESS, a. Having no purpose. 

PuR'POSE-LY, ad. On purpose; by design. 

PuRR, v. i. To murmur, as a cat. See Pue. 

PuR'RING, n. The murmuring noise made by a 
cat. 

PuRSE, n. A small bag for money; prize at a 
race ; the public coffers. 

PuRSE, v. t. To put into a purse ; to contract into 
folds or wrinkles. 

PuRSE'-NeT, n. A net that draws like a purse. 

PURSE'-PRIDE, n. Pride of money. 

PuRSE'-PROUD, a. Elated with riches. 

PuRS'ER, n. An officer on board of a ship who 
has charge of the provisions and keeps the ac- 
counts. 

PuRS'I-NESS, n. The state of being swelled or 
bloated; inflation; hence, shortness of breath. 

PuRS'LAIN (-lin),) n. A succulent plant, used as 

PORS'LANE, j a pot-herb, for salad, &c. 

PUR-Su'ANCE (2S), n. A following; prosecution, 
consequence, as in pursuance of orders. 

PUR-Su'ANT, a. Done in consequence. 

PUR-SuE' (pur-sii), v. t. or v. i. To go or proceed 
after with a view to overtake, or with baste; to 
follow as an example or with enmity ; to strive 
to reach or obtain. — Syn. To chase; imitate; 
prosecute; persevere; persist; follow, which see. 

PUR-Su'ER, n. One that follows or chases. 

PUR-SuIT' (pur-sute'), n. Act of following to 
overtake with haste or hostility ; endeavor to 
obtain or attain to ; course of business. — Syn. 
Chase ; search ; proceeding ; occupation ; prose- 
cution. 

POR'SUI-VANT (pur'swe-vant), n. A state mes- 
senger ; an attendant on the heralds. 

PuRS'Y, a. Projicrly, being inflated or swelled ; 
hence, fat, short, and thick, and so short-breath- 
ed, [an animal. 

PuR'TE-NANCE, n. Appurtenance ; the pluck of 

pf RU-LEN^CY \ n - Generation of P us ; matter. 

Pu'RU-LENT, a. Consisting of matter or pus; 
partaking of the nature of pus. 

PUR-VEY' (pur-va'), v. t. or v. i. To provide; to 
procure conveniences or provisions. 

PUR-VEY'ANCE (pur-va'ance), n. Procurement 
of provisions ; victuals provided. 

PUR-VEY'OR (pur-vii'or), n. One that provides 
victuals or makes provision for the table ; an of- 
ficer who formerly did so for the king's table. 

PuR'VIEW (pur'vu), n. The body of a statute; 
limit ; scope ; sphere. 

PCS, n. The whitish matter of an ulcer, wounds, 
&c. 

Pu'SEY-ISM, n. Principles held by certain En- 
glish divines leaning to the Roman Catholic 
Church. 

Pu'SEY-iTE, n. One who holds to Puseyism. 



I, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, fab, last, fall, wha»j tuJLiie, teem; maeinb, nisD; move, 



PUS 



SGI 



QUA 



PUSH, v. t. The leading idea is to press against 
with force: hence, to drive ; to urge. 

PUSH, v. i. To make a thrust or effort, as he 
puaJted hard.— Sm To urge; press; impel; im- 
portune. 

PUSH, n. An urging or pressing; a thrust with 
a sharp instrument or the end of thing ; an exi- 
gency. 

PUSHING, a. Pressing forward in business; 
driving; enterprising; vigorous. 

PUSH'PIN, n. A childish play by pushing pins. 

PU-SIL-LA-NIM'I-TY, n. Want of courage or 
fortitude; cowardice; -weakness of mind ; fear; 
timidity. 

PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS, a. Destitute of bravery or 
firmness ; proceeding from weakness or want of 
courage. — Syn. Cowardly; dastardly; mean- 
spirited. 

PUSS, > n. The fondling name of a cat: the 

PUS'SY, j sportsman's name for a hare. 

PuS'SI-NESS, n. See Purslness. 

PuS'SY. See Puksy. 

PuST'u-LaTE, v. i. To form into pustules. 

PO'STULE (piist'yule or pus'sl), n. A small pim- 
ple containing pus. 

PuST'u-LOUS, a. Having pustules or pimples. 

PUT, v. t. Ijvet. and pp. Put.] Literally, to send 
forth ; hence, to lay or place, as to jmt on the 
shelf, to put a question, &c. — Syn. To place. — 
To put is generic, viz., to dispose of in any situ- 
ation: to place is to put in. a specific situation; 
a plant may be put into a flower-pot and then 
placed in the green-house. 

PUT, v. i. To go or move; to steer; to shoot, 
"with forth, &c. 

PuT, n. A clown ; a prostitute ; a game of cards. 

Pfj'TA-TiVE, a. Supposed ; reputed. 

Pu'TID, a. Mean; base; worthless. 

PUT-OFF, n. An excuse; a shift for evasion or 
delay 

PU-TRBD'I-NOUS, a. Partaking of or proceed- 
ing from putrefaction ; having an offensive smell: 
rotten. 

PU-TRE-FACTION, n. Process of rotting. 

PU-TRE-Fa€'Ti VE, a. Causing or attending pu- 
trefaction. 

Pu'TRE-Fy, v. i. or v. t. To dissolve or rot, as or- 
ganized matter; to make foul or cause to rot. 

PU-TReS'CEXCE, n. State of dissolving or cor- 
rupting. 

PU-TRf:S'CENT, a. Dissolving, as organized sub- 
stances; pertaining to the process of putrefaction. 

PU-TReS'CI-BLE, a. Liable to become putrid. 

Pu'TRID, a. In a state or noting a state of de- 
composition proceeding from putrefaction. — Syn. 
Rotten ; corrupt ; offensive. 

PU-TR!D'I-TY, \n. A state of decomposition 

Pu'TRID-NESS,j proceeding from putrefaction ; 
rottenness. 

PuT'TY, n. A paste of whiting and linseed oil, 
used as a cement by glaziers. 

PuT'TY, v. t. To fill up or cement with putty. 

PuZ'ZLE, n. A cause of embarrassment; a game 
to try ingenuity. 

PuZ'ZLE (puz'zl), v. t. To involve in perplexity 
or intricacy. See Embarrass. 

PuZ'ZLE, v. i. To be involved in perplexity. 

PuZ'ZLER, n. One who perplexes. 

PyE. See Pi. 

PYG'MY. ) a. Pertaining to a pigmy ; dwarf - 

PYG-Me'ANJ ish. 

PyG'MY, n. A dwarf; a fabulous being. 

Py-LOR'I€, a. Relating to the pylorus. 

Py-Lo'RUS, n. The lower orifice of the stomach. 

P?R'A-MID, n. A solid body standing on a trian- 
gular, square, or polygonal base, terminating in 
a point at the top. 

PYR^MiD'HS* \ a - Like or having the form 
PYR-A-MiD'IC'-AL, ) of a Py ramid - 



PTRE, n. A funeral pile ; a pile to be burnt. 
PT'R'I-FORM, a. Having the form of a pear. 
P?-Ri'Tk$ (pe-rl'teez), n. Fire-stone ; a com- 
pound of sulphur and iron, copper, cobalt, &c. 
PT-RIT'I€, ) a. Pertaining to pyrites; con- 
Py-RiT'IC-AL, v sisting of or resembling py- 
P?R'I-TOUS, ) rites. 

PYR-O-LIG'NE-OUS,) a. Noting an acid pro- 
PYR-0-LiG'NI€, J duced by the distillation 

of wood. 
Py-R6L'0-6IST, n. One who believes in the 

doctrine of heat or investigates its laws. 
Pf-R6L'0-6Y, n. The natural history of heat. 
P?R'0-MAN-CY, n. Divination by fire. 
Py-ROM'E-TER, n. An instrument to measure 

degrees of heat. 
PT'RoPH'O-RUS (-rof'o-rus), n. A substance 

which takes fire on exposure to the air. 
PT'R'O-SCoPE, n. An instrument for measuring 

heat radiating from a fire. 
PYR-0-TK€H'NIC, l/ns-rtt-ir'r.-i,^/* Per- 
PYR-0-TE€H'XI€-ALj <P ir -°- tek nik - ) '| tain- 

ing to fire-works and the art of making them. 
PYR-0-Tk€H'NI€SJ n. The art of making fire- 
P¥R'0-TE€H-XY, f works, as rockets, &c. 
PYR-0-Tfi€H'XIST, n. One skilled in pyrotechny. 
PfR'RHIC (pir'rik), n. A poetic foot consisting 

of two short syllables; a. noting an ancient dance 

in Greece. 
Pf R'RHO-NISM (pir'ro-nizm), n. The doctrines 

of Pyrrho, the founder of skepticism ; doubt as to 

all things. 
PT'R'RHO-NIST, n, One who doubts every thing. 
PYTH-A-Go'RE-AN or Py-THAG-O-Re'AX, a. 

Pertaining to Pythagoras and his philosophy. 
Py'-THaG'O-RISM, n. The doctrines of Pythag- 
oras. 
PYTH'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the priestess of 

Apollo; noting the games so called; one of the 

four great national festivals of Greece. 
PT'THON, n. A large serpent. 
Pf TH'O-NESS, n. A priestess who gave oracular 

answers at Delphi in Greece: a witch. 
P¥-TH6N'I€, a. Pretending to foretell future 

events. 
PYX, ) n. The box in which the Roman Cath- 
P¥ X'lS, / olics keep the host. 



Q. 



Q equivalent in power to kw, is always followed 
"> by u, as in queen. It never ends an English 
word. [boast. 

QUACK, v. i. To cry like a duck or goose; to 

QUACK, n. A boaster; one who pretends to skill 
in medicine which he does not possess. — Sy:n. An 
empiric ; mountebank ; charlatan. 

QUaCK, a. Pertaining to quackery, as 5ttae£-med- 
icine. 

QUACK'ER-Y, n. Pretensions to skill not pos- 
sessed, especially in medicine • empiricism. 

QUaCK'ISH, a. Like a quack : boastful. 

QUAD-RA-6£S'I-MA, n. Lent, because it con- 
sists of forty days. 

QUAD-RA-geS'I-MAL, a, Belonging to Lent. 

QUAD-RA-geS'I-MAL$. n. pi. Offerings made to 
the mother church on Mid-Lent Sunday. 

QUAD'RAN G -GLE (kwod'rang-gl), n. A'figure of 
four equal angles ; the inner square or court of a 
building. [gles. 

QUAD-RAN G 'GU-LAR, a. Having four right an- 

QUAD'RANT (kwod'rant), n. A fourth part; an 
instrument to take the altitude of the sun ; also 
one for elevating and pointing cannon; 90 de- 
grees. 

QUAD-RANT'AL, a. Pertaining to a quadrant. 

QUAD'RAT (kwHd'rat), n. Piece of metal to fill 
a void space between words in printing. 



DOVE, 



wolf, book; rule, bull; vi"cious. — € as k; g as j; s as z; cu as su ; this. + Xot English. 



QUA 



3G2 



QUA 



QUAD'RATE (kwod 'rat), a. Having four equal 
and parallel sides ; divisible into four equal 
parts; square; adapted; fitted. 

QUAD'RaTE (kwod'rute), v. i. To square; to be 
accommodated to. — Syn. To correspond ; fit ; 
suit; agree. 

QUAD'RATE, n. A square; a Burface with four 
equal and parallel sides. 

QUAD-RAT'IC (kwod-), a. Square; pertaining to, 
denoting, or including a square. 

QUAD'RA-TuRE, n. The act of squaring ; the re- 
ducing of a figure to a square. 

QUAD-Rf:N'NI-AL, I a. Happening once in four 

QUAD-RI-HN'NI-AL,j years. 

QUAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL, a. Having four sides. 

QUAD-RI-LIT'ER-AL, a. Consisting of four let- 
ters. 

QUA-DRiLLE' (kwa-dril' or ka-drll'), n. A game 
at cards; a kind of dance. 

QUAD-RIL'LION (kwod-ril'yun), n. A million 
carried to the fourth power ; with the English, a 
unit with twenty-four ciphers annexed; among 
the French, a unit with fifteen ciphers annexed. 

QUAD-RI-No'MI-AL, a. Consisting of four terms. 

QUAD-RiP'AR-TlTE, a. Consisting of four parts. 

QLAD'RI-REMB (kwod'-), n. A galley with four 
benches of oars. 

QUAD-RI-SvL'LA-BLE (kwod-), n. A word of 
four syllables. 

QUAD-ROON',) n. A quarter-blooded; the off- 

QUA'TER-ON, J spring of a mulatto woman by a 
white man. 

QUAD'RU-MAN, n. ? An animal with four 

QUAD-RC'MA-NA, n. pl.f hands corresponding 
to those of a man, as a monkey. 

QUAD-Ru'MA-NOUS (kwod-), a. Having four 
hands. 

QUAD'RU-PED (kwod'-), a. Having four legs 
and feet ; n. an animal having four legs, as an 
ox, horse, dog, &c. 

QL'AD'RU RLE (kwod'ru-pl), a. Fourfold ; four 
times the sum. 

QL'AD'RU -PLE (kwod'ru-pl), n. Four times the 
sum or number. 

QL'AD'RU- PLE (kwod'ru-pl), v. t. To make four 
times as many: to multiply by four. 

QUAD-RC'PLI-CATE, a. Fourfold; four times 
repeated. 

QUAD-Ru'PLI-€aTE, v. t. To make fourfold; to 
double twice. 

♦QU^E'RE. IL.1 Query; inquire. 

QUAFF, v. t. or v. i. To drink largely; to swal- 
low in large draughts. 

QUAG, \n. A place that shakes under the 

QUAG' MIRE, | feet. 

QUAG'GY, a. Soft and yieldfng to the feet. 

QUA'HAUG (kwau'hog), n. The popular name 
of a large kind of clam in New England. 

QUaI L (kwale), n. A bird of the grouse kind, al- 
lied to the partridge. 

QUaIL (kwale), v. i. To sink into dejection ; to 
languish; to fail in spirits; to curdle, as milk. 

QUaI L (kwale), v. t. To crush ; to depress ; to 
subdue. 

QUaIL'ING, n. The act of failing in spirit or 
resolution. 

QUaI NT, a. Formerly, ingeniously pretty or el- 
gant [S}iaks)>eare\ (obs.) ; now, odd ; whimsical : 
gravely fanciful. — Syn. Strange; odd: whimsical. 
— Quaint, in our earliest writers, meant strange 
or hidden, and hence ingenious. In this sense it 
often occurs in Shakspeare, as a quaint device, 
quaintly written, &c, and is used as a term of 
praise. Gradually, however, there sprang up a 
perverted ingenuity in such writers as Quarles, 
and many among the Puritans, to which we now 
give the name of quaintness. It is something 
queer and laughable, but not foolish. The quaint 
writershave usually strong thought, but a strange 
and whimsical way of expressing it. Their wit 



is sly, but odd ; their images are often far-fetched 
or unnatural, and there is a strange contrast be- 
tween the gravity of their thoughts and the fan- 
ciful or whimsical garb in which they are pre- 
sented. 

QUAINT'LY, ad. In a quaint manner; oddly. 

QUaINT'NESS, n. State of being quaint; oddity 
of style or manner; grave fancifulness. 

QUaKE (kwiike), v. i. To be agitated with fear or 
cold ; to tremble. — Syn. To shake ; quiver ; shud- 
der. 

QUAKE (kwiike), n. A trembling ; tremulous agi- 
tation ; a shuddering. 

QUaK'ER (kwa'ker), n. One who quakes, but, 
usually, one of the denomination of Friends. 

QUaK'ER-ISM, n. The system of the Quakers. 

QUaK'ING, n. A tremulous agitation. 

QUAL'I-Fi-A-BLE (kwol'-), a. That may be abat- 
ed or modified. 

QUAL-I-FI-€a'TION (kwol-e-fi-ka'shun). n. En- 
dowment or accomplishment that fits for an of- 
fice; legal power; restriction. — Syn. Acquire- 
ment; abatement; modification. 

QUAL'I-FI2?D (kwdl'e-fid), a. Having the qual- 
ities requisite to a thing; limited or modified, as 
a qualified consent. — Syn. Competent. — A man is 
competent to a task or duty when he has the pow- 
ers which are requisite for its performance ; he is 
qualified for it when those powers have been 
trained into an acquaintance with the business to 
be done, and expertness in the mode of perform- 
ing it. Many are competent to employments 
which they are utterly unqualified to enter upon 
at once. 

QUAL'I-FI-ER, n. He that qualifies. 

QUAL'I-Fy (kwol'-), v. t. To furnish with knowl- 
edge, skill, or legal capacity; to abate or dimin- 
ish ; to make suitable; to limit. 

QUAL'I-TY (kwol'e-ty), n. That which belongs to 
a body or substance ; nature, relatively consid- 
ered ; virtue, or power of producing effects; dis- 
position; temper; acquirement; character; com- 
parative rank; superiority of birth or station; 
persons of high rank collectively. — Syn. Attri- 
bute; property; accomplishment; fashion. 

QUALM (kwiim), n. A fit or sensation of nausea; 
scruple or uneasiness of conscience. 

QUaLM'ISH, a. Affected with nausea or sickly 
languor; inclined to vomit. 

QUAN'DA-RY (kwon'da-ry), n. A state of diffi- 
culty; perplexity; uncertainty. 

QUAN TI-TY (kwon'te-tj"), n. That property of 
any thing which maybe increased or diminished ; 
an indefinite extent of space; a portion or part; 
a large portion, as medicine taken in quantities; 
in grammar, the measure of a syllable ; in music, 
the relative duration of a note or syllable. — Syn. 
Weight; bulk; measure; amount. 

QUAN'TUM (kwon'tum), n, A quantity; amount. 

QUAR'AN-TiNE (kwf r'an-teen), n. Prohibition of 
intercourse on the ground of supposed or real in- 
fectious disease. 

QU AR-AN-Ti'NE' (kwor-an-teen'), v. t. To restrain 
intercourse on account of suspected danger of in- 
fectious disease. 

QUAR'REL (kwor'rel), n. A breach of friendship ; 
a noisy dispute; the cause of difference; an ar- 
row with a square head ; a diamond pane of 
glass. — Syn. Brawl ; altercation ; feud ; con- 
test. 

QUAR'REL, v. i. To dispute violently; to con- 
tend angrily. 

QUAR'REL, v. t. To quarrel with; to compel by 
a quarrel. 

QL'AR'REL-ER, n. A person who quarrels. 

QUAK'REL-ING, n. A disputing with angry 
words; a breach of friendship; a finding fault. 

QUAR'REL-SOME (kwor'rel-sum), a. Inclined to 
dispute; easily irritated Syn. Contentious. 

QUAR'RY (kwor'ry), n. A mine or pit where 



1, e, &c, long.—i, b, &c, short.— cabe, fae, last, fall, what; theee, term; aiae'ine, eird ; move, 



QUA 3 

stones are dug , game pursued or killed by birds 
of prey. 

QUAR'RY (kwor'ry), v. t. To take from a quarry. 

QUAR'RY-ING, n. The act or business of getting 
out stone from a quarry. 

QUART, n. The fourth of a gallon ; two pints. 

QUAR'TAN, a. Designating a fourth; occurring 
every fourth day; n. an ague occurring every 
fourth day. 

QUAR'TER, n. A fourth part; eight bushels of 
grain; in weight, 28 pounds, or the fourth part 
of a hundred pounds avoirdupois ; a point of the 
compass; a particular region of a town, city, or 
country; the after part of a ship's side; treat- 
ment shown to an enemy; indulgence. 

QUAR'TER (kwor'ter), v. t. To divide into four 
equal parts; to station for soldiers' lodgings; to 
fix on a temporary -dwelling. [residence. 

QUAR'TER, v. i. To lodge ; to have a temporary 

QUAR TER-A6E, n. A quarterly allowance. 

QUAR'TER-DaY, n. The day that completes three 
months, or when quarterly payments are made 
of rent or interest. 

QUAR'TER-DECK, n. That part of the upper 
deck between the mainmast and the mizen mast. 

QUAR'TER-ING, n. A station ; assignment of 
quarters for soldiers; in heraldry, the division 
of a shield that has many coats ; in architecture, 
a series of small upright posts. 

QUAR'TER-LY (kwor'ter-ly), a. Consisting of a 
fourth part; happening every three months; ad. 
once in the quarter of a year. 

QUAR'TER-LY, n. A periodical work published 
every three months. 

QUAR'TER-MAS-TER, n. An officer who regu- 
lates the quarters of an army, forage, fuel, &c. 

QUAR'TERX, n. The fourth part of a pint ; a gill. 

QUAR'TERN-LoAF, n. A loaf made out of a 
quarter of a stone of flour. 

QUAR'TER*, n. pi. The place of lodging or tem- 
porary residence of officers or soldiers ; the sta- 
tions or places in a ship of war where the officers 
and crew are posted in time of action ; in the 
Southern States, a collection of cabins or huts for 
negroes; the sides of the coffin in a horse's foot, 
between the toe and the heel. 

QUAR-TER-SES'SIONS (kwGr'ter-sSsh'unz), n. pi. 
A general court held quarterly. 

QU AR'TER-STAFF, n. A long staff formerly car- 
ried in England for defense. 

QUAR-TeTTE',> n. In music, a composition in 

QUAR-TeT', j four equal parts, vocal or in- 
strumental ; in poetry, a stanza of four lines. 

QUAR'TILE (kwur'til), n. An aspect of planets 
distant one fourth of a circle, or 90 degrees. 

QUAR'TO, n. ; pi. Quak'tos. A printed book next 
in size to a folio, so called because originally 
each sheet was twice doubled to make it. 

QUAR'TO, a. Denoting the size of a book ; next 
to a folio. 

QUARTZ (kwortz), n. A silicious mineral of vari- 
ous colors. 

QUARTZ-iF'ER-OUS, a. Consisting of quartz. 

QUARTZ'oSEJ a. Pertaining to, containing, or 

QUARTZ'Y, j resembling quartz. 

QUASH (kwosh), v. t. Properly, to beat down or 
in' pieces; hence, to crush ; to subdue; to annul. 

♦QUa'Si. [I/.] As if; just as if; almost. 

QUAS'SI-A (kwosh'e-a), n. A tree whose wood and 
bark are of a bitter taste, and possess valuable 
medicinal properties. 

QUa'TER-COCS'INS (ka'ter-kuz'nz), n. pi. Those 
within the first four degrees of kindred. 

QUA-TeR'NA-RY, a. Consisting of four. 

QUA-TeR'NA-RY, n. The number four. 

QUA-TeR'NI-ON, n. The number four; a file of 
four soldiers. 

QUAT'RAIN, n. A stanza of four lines, rhyming 
alternately. 

QUa'VER, v. i. To shake the voice; to vibrate. 



13 - QUE 

QUa'VER, n. A note in music ; half a crotchet ; a 
shake or rapid vibration of the voice. 

QUa'VEU2?D, a. Distributed into quavers. 

QUa'VER-ING, n. The act of shaking the voice 
or making rapid vibrations of sound on an instru- 
ment of music, &c. 

QUAY (ke), n. A mole or wharf; written also key. 

QUAY, v. t. To furnish with quays. 

QUAY'AgE (ko'aje), n. Money paid for the priv- 
ilege of a wharf or quay. 

QL'EACH'Y, a. Shaking ; yielding to the feet. 

QUeAN (kween), n. A worthless or lewd woman. 

QL'eA'SI-NESS, n. Sickness of stomach ; nausea. 

QUeA'SY (kwe'zy). n. Sick at the stomach ; 
squeamish. [rules. 

QUEEN, a. The consort of a king ; a female that 

QUEEN, v. i. To play the queen. Queen-dow- 
ager, the widow of a king. 

QUEEN'LlKE, a. Like or becoming a queen. 

QUEEN'LY, ad. Like a queen. 

QUEEN' S-MeT'AL, n. An alloy of tin, &c, used 
for spoons, &c. 

QUEEN'S-WARE, n. Glazed earthenware of a 
cream color. 

QUEER, a. Being odd ; strange; droll. 

QUEER'LY, ad. In an odd or strange manner. 

QUEER'NESS, n. The quality of oddness ; singu- 
larity. 

QUELL, v. t. To reduce to peace or bring down. 
— Syn. To subdue ; crush ; overpower ; put 
down; quiet. 

QUELL'ER, n. One who crushes or subdues. 

•J-QUELQUE'cHoSE (kek'shuze), n. [JFV.] A trifle. 

QUENCH, v. t. To make to cease from burning, 
as fire; to repress, as x>o.ssion; to allay, -as thirst; 
to destroy, as life. — Syn. To extinguish ; stifle ; 
subdue. 

QUENCH'A-BLE, a. That may be quenched. 

QUEXCH'EK, n. He or that which extinguishes. 

QUEXCH'LESS, a. That can not be extinguished. 

QUEE'CIT-RON, n. Dyers' oak and the bark. 

QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Apt to complain ; dis- 
posed to complain or murmur. — Syn. Murmur- 
ing; dissatisfied. 

QUER-I-Mf/NI-OUS-LY, ad. Complainingly. 

QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Aptness to com- 
plain ; a disposition to murmur. 

QUe'RIST, n. One who inquires. 

QUeRL, v. t. To turn or wind round ; to twirl ; to 
coil. 

QUeRN, n. A hand-mill for grinding grain. 

QUeR'PO. See Cuekpo. 

QUeR'C-LOUS, a. Habitually complaining. 

QUe'RY (kwu'ry), n. A question to be answered; 
interrogatory ; inquiry where there is doubt. 

QUe'RY, v. t. To put or ask questions; to in- 
quire ; v. i. to ask a question or questions. 

QUEST, n. Act of seeking ; search ; request. 

QUEST, y. t. To search or seek for. 

QUeS'TION (kwest'yun), n. Act of asking; that 
which is asked ; subject of debate ; examination 
by torture or otherwise. — Syn. Interrogatory ; in- 
quiry; discussion; trial; dispute; doubt. 

QUES'TION, v. t. or v. i. To ask with earnest- 
ness ; to express doubt of. — Syn. To inquire ; in- 
terrogate. — We inquire for the sake of informa- 
tion, as to inquire one's way: we question with 
closeness in order to gain the whole truth, as to 
question a messenger as to all the particulars ; 
we interrogate with authority, as to interrogate a 
witness or a culprit. 

QU£S'TION-A-BLE, a. That may be questioned ; 
liable to be doubted or disputed. — Syn. Disputa- 
ble ; controvertible ; debatable ; doubtful ; suspi- 
cious. 

QUeS'TION-ER, n. One who interrogates. 

QUES'TION-IST, n. One that asks questions. 

QUES'TION-LESS, a. That can not be question- 
ed ; unquestionable; being beyond a doubt; ad. 
doubtless; certainly. 



dove, wolf, book; rule, bull; vi"cious. — o as k ; (i as j ; s as z; ch as sh ; this. * JSiot English. 



QUE 



364 



QUI 



QUeS'TOR, to. A Roman treasurer; receiver of 

taxes, tribute, &c. 
QUES'TOR-SHIP, to. The office of questor. 
*QUEu (ku). LPV-3 A cue, which see. 
QUIB, to. A sarcasm ; a bitter taunt. 
QUIB'BLE, to. A start or turn from the point in 
question ; an evasion of the truth ; a pretense or 
cavil ; a pun. 
QUIB'BLE, v. i. To evade the point by artifice ; 

to trifle. — Syn. To evade ; cavil ; equivocate. 
QUIB'BLER, to. One who quibbles; a punster. 
QUICK, a. Done with celerity or in a short time ; 
moving with activity or readiness ; living ; preg- 
nant. — Syn. Swift; speedy. 
QUICK, ad. Soon; hastily; with speed. 
QUICK, TO. Any sensible part; living flesh or 

plant. 
QUICK'i7N (53) (kwik'kn), v. t. To increase the 
speed of; to give a keener perception of ; to make 
alive; to refresh or animate. — Syn. To incite; 
to accelerate ; to invigorate. 
QUICK'i?N, v. i. To become alive ; to move with 

rapidity. 
QUICK'.?*, 7 N2?D, a. Caused to make haste; re- 
vived ; made alive. [quickens. 
QUICK'J? N-ER (kwik'kn-er), to. He or that which 
QUICK' i?N-ING, a. Causing haste; giving life; 
inciting; to. the act of causing haste, or giving 
life, or inciting. 
QUiCK'-LiME, to. The protoxyd of calcium ; any 

carbonate of lime deprived of its carbonic acid. 
QUiCK'LY, ad. In a short time; hastily; speed- 
ily, [men. 
QUICK'-MATCH, to. A match used by artillery- 
QUICK'NESS, to. The state of acting rapidly; 

keen sensibility. 
QUICK'-SAND, n. Sand sinking or shaking un- 
der the feet ; loose sand abounding with water. 
QUICK'-SCeNT-ED, a. Having acuteness of 

smell. 
QUICK'SET, V. t. To plant with living trees ; a. 
made of living plants or trees; to. a living tree or 
plant set to grow for a hedge. 
QUICK'-SfGHT-ED, a. Having sharp sight. 
QUICK'SIL-VER, to. Mercury; a metal remark- 
able for its fluidity, which remains unimpaired 
except by extreme degrees of heat or cold. It is 
used in thermometers to denote the degree of 
temperature, and in barometers to show the 
amount of pressure by the air. 
QUICK'-WIT-TED, a. Having ready wit. 
QUID, n. A vulgar pronunciation of cud. 
QUID'DI-TY, to. A trifling nicety; a barbarous 

term used in school philosophy for essence. 
QUID'DLE, v. i. To waste time in trifling. 
QUID'DLER, to. One who trifles. 
QUID'NUNC, to. One curious to know every 

thing. 
QUI-ESCE' (kwi-ess'), v. i. To be silent or have 

no sound, as a letter. 
QUi-eS'CENCE, to. The state or condition of rest ; 

repose; silence. 
QUi-eS'CENT (kwi-es'cent), a. Resting; being in 
a state of repose ; not ruffled with passion , si- 
lent ; not sounded. 
QUI'ET, a. Free from motion or disturbance. — 

Syn. Still ; calm ; unmolested. 
QUI'ET, to. The state of a thing not in motion ; 
freedom from disturbance.— Syn. Tranquillity; 
repose. 
QUi'ET, v. t. To reduce to a state of rest; to 

tranquillize; to subdue; to allay. 
QUI'ET-ISM, TO. A state of inward tranquillity or 
peace ; the system of those who maintain the pe- 
culiar excellence of that style of religion which 
consists in the internal tranquillity of a mind 
employed in contemplating God and submitting 
to his will. 
QUi'ET-IST, to. One of a sect which maintains 
the principles of quietism. 



QUI-ET-IST'I€, a. Relating to a quietist. 

QUi'ET-LY, ad. In a calm manner ; peaceably. 

QUl'ET-NESS, to. State of rest; freedom from 
agitation, emotion, or disturbance of any kind. — 
Syn. Calmness ; tranquillity ; repose. 

QUI'E-TuDE, to. Freedom from disturbance; 
rest; quiet; tranquillity. 

QUl-E'TUS, to. [Z/.] Final discharge; acquittance; 
repose; death. 

QUILL, to. A large strong feather ; spine of a por- 
cupine ; piece of a reed used by weavers. 

QUiLL, v. t. To weave in ridges like quills; to 
twill. 

QUILT, to. The cover of a bed or garment, made 
of wool, cotton, or other substance between two 
cloths sewn together. 

QUILT, v. t. To stitch one cloth upon another 
like a quilt. 

QUILT'ED, a. Stitched together as a quilt. 

QUILT'ING, to. The act of making a quilt; a 
gathering of females to quilt. 

QUINCE, to. A sour astringent fruit used for pre- 
serves, &c. ; also the tree bearing it. 

QUIN'CUNX, to. A square of five trees, or other 
things, with one in the middle. 

QUIN'I-NA,) to. An alkaloid obtained from cin- 

QUl'NiNE, / chona, an important article in ma- 
teria medica. 

QUIN-QUA-GES'I-MA, to. The fiftieth day be- 
fore Easter ; Shrove Sunday. 

QUIN-QUAN U 'GU-LAR, a. Having five angles. 

QUIN-QUEN'NI-AL, a. Occurring once in five 
years, or lasting five years. 

QUIN-QUeP'AR-TiTE, a. Divided into five parts. 

3S33SS5i3%L«>.} «■ Havi„ g4 vevalve, 

QUIN'SY (kwin'zy), to. Inflammation of the ton- 
sils or throat. 

QUINT, to. A set or sequence of five. 

QUIN'TAIN, to. An upright post, on which was 
fastened an image or other object to be tilted at. 

QUINT'AL, to. A hundred pounds ; a kentle. 

QUTN-TES'SENCE, to. In alchemy, the fifth or 
last and highest essence of power in a natural 
body ; the virtue or best part. 

QUIN-TES-SEN'TIAL (-sSn'shal), a. Consisting 
of quintessence. 

OTTN TfT' ^ 

OUIN-TkTTE' \ n ' A com P os i tion in five parts. 

QUINT'ILE (kwint'il), n. An aspect of planets 
distant the fifth of a circle, or 72 degrees. 

QUIN'TIN. See Quintain. 

QUIX'TU-PLE, a. Five-fold. 

QUIN'TU-PLE, v. t. To make five-fold. 

QUIP, to. A smart sarcastic turn; a retort or 
taunt. 

QUIP, v. t. or v. i. To taunt ; to scoff. 

QUlRE (kwlre), v. i. To sing in concert or chorus. 

QUlRE, to. Twenty-four sheets of paper; a choir. 

QUIR'IS-TER. See Chorister. 

QUiRK, to. An artful turn ; retort quibble. 

QUiRK'ISH, a. Consisting of quirks or quibbles. 

QUIT, v. t. Ipret. and pp. Quit or Quitted.] To 
depart from; to give up, to carry through or to 
the end, as to " quit yourselves like men." — Syn. 
To leave. — To say that a man has left a place or 
employment decides nothing as to his returning 
or resuming it ; but to say that he has quit the 
town or the business is to say that this was con- 
sidered and understood to be & final act. 

QUiT, a. _Made free; noting clearness or freedom. 

QUIT'CLaIM, n. A release of claim by deed. 

QUiT'CLaIM, v. t. To release a claim by deed, 
without covenants of warranty. 

QUITE, ad. With completeness; entirely. 

QUIT'-ReNT, to. A rent, by the payment of 
which the tenant is quitted or freed from all oth- 
er service. 

QUITS, ad. An exclamation to signify that the 
parties are now even, as to be at quits with one. 



I, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; thkee, term; marine, eirij; move, 



QUI 



3G5 



RAC 



QUIT'TANCE, n. Discharge from a debt; recom- 
pense; repayment. 

QUiV'ER, n. A case for arrows. 

QUIVER, v. i. To shake ; to play or be agitated 
by a tremulous motion. — Syn. To quake ; shud- 
der; shiver; vibrate or tremble. 

QUi VER27 D, a. Furnished with a quiver ; sheath- 
ed as in a quiver. 

QUIX-oT'IC (kwiks-ot'ik), a. Like Don Quixote ; 
romantic to extravagance. 

QUiX'OT-IffiM (kwiks'ot-izm), ) n. Romantic and 

QUiX'OT-RY, J absurd notions ; 

visionary scheme. 

QUIZ (kwiz), v. t. To puzzle ; to make a fool of. 

QUIZ (kwiz), n. A riddle; puzzle; obscure ques- 
tion ; an odd fellow ; a wag. 

QU1Z'ZI-€AL, a. A colloquial expression for fun- 
ny, humorous, or comical. 

QUiZ'ZING, n. The act of hoaxing or making a 
fool of a person ; the act of mocking a person by 
examining him through a quizzing-glass. 

QUIZ'ZING-GLaSS, n. A small eye-glass. 

•t-QUoD'Li-BET (kwod'le-bet). LL.] A nice point ; 
a subtilty. 

QUOIF, \n. A cap or hood ; a head-dress. 

QUOIF'FuREJ See Coif. 

QUOIN (kwoin or koin), n. A corner; a wedge to 
raise cannon, &c. ; a small wedge used by print- 
ers to lock the pages of the form in the chase. 

QUOIT (kwoit), n. An iron ring or a flat stone to 
be pitched or thrown at a mark. 

QUOIT (kwoit), v. i. To play at quoits; to pitch. 

QUoN'DAM, a. Having been formerly, as a quon- 
dam friend. 

QUo'RUM, n. A special commission of justices ; 
ajcompetent number for doing business. 

QUo'TA, n. A proportional part or share; rate or 
portion assigned. 

QUoT'A-BLE, a. That may be quoted. 

QUO-Ta'TION, n. A passage cited ; in mercan- 
tile language, the price of commodities specified 
to_a correspondent. 

QUOTE, v. t. To name, repeat, or adduce, usually 
by way of authority, as to quote a man's own 
words; to name the price of an article. — Syn. To 
cite. — To cite was originally to call into court as 
a witness, &c, and hence the word denotes some- 
thing very specific and exact in adducing evi- 
dence. Quote is used in a more loose and gen- 
eral way, often expressing an appeal to some one 
as an authority, without adducing his exact 
words. 

QUoTH (kwiith or kwoth), v. i. A defective verb 
signifying to say or speak, used only in the 
phrases quoth i", quoth he. 

QUO-TiD'I-AN, a. Occurring daily ; n. a fever or 
any thing recurring daily. 

QUo'TIENT (kwo'shent), n. In arithmetic, the 
number resulting from the division of one num- 
ber by another. 



E. 



Ris a liquid consonant, having a uniform sound, 
as in rod. 

RAB'BET, v. t. To pare down the edge of a board 
for lapping; to lap and join the edges of boards 
by a rabbet-joint. 

RaB'BET, n. A cut on the side of a board to fit it 
to another by lapping; a lapping joint. 

RaB'BI (rab'be or rab'bD,} n. The title of a Jew- 

RAB'BIN, ) ish doctor, not con- 

ferred by authority, but allowed by courtesy to 
learned men. 

RAB-BIN'IC, n. The language of the Rabbins. 

RAB-BlN'IC, 1 a. Pertaining to Rabbins or 

RAB-BIN'I€-AL,j their tenets. 

RaB'BIN-I$M, n. A Rabbinic expression. 



RAB'BIN-IST, n. One who adhered to the Tal- 
mud and Rabbinical traditions. 

RAB'BIT, n. A small long-eared quadruped, that 
feeds on herbs and burrows in the earth. 

RaB'BLE, n. A crowd of low people; a mob; the 
lower class of people, without reference to an as- 
sembly. 

RAB-DOI/0-6Y. See Rhabdology. 

RaB'ID, a. Being furious, mad, or raging, as a 
rabid dog. 

RaB'ID-NESS, n. A state of furiousness; mad- 
ness. 

+Ra'€A (rli'ka), n. A Syriac word, used as a term 
'■of contempt, signifying empty, beggarly. 

RAC-COON', n. An American quadruped some- 
what larger than a fox, valued for its fur. 

RaCE, n. The continued stock of descendants; a 
family of descendants ; a particular sort or vari- 
ety; a root; a particular strength of taste or 
tartness; a contest in running; a rapid course ; a 
movement or progression of any kind ; a strong, 
rapid current of water or its channel ; a 6mall 
artificial canal or water-course leading from a 
dam to the machinery driven by it. — Syn. Lin- 
eage; family; generation; breed; course; pas- 
sage ; current, &c. 

RaCE, v. i. To run swiftly ; to run or contend in 
running. 

RaCE'-giN-gER, n. Ginger in the root or not 
pulverized. 

RaCE'-HoRSE, n. A horse that runs in competi- 
tion. 

RAC-E-Ma'TION, n. A cluster, as of grapes. 

RA-CkME', n. A particular arrangement of flow- 
ers when they stand with short and equal stalks 
or pedicels on a common slender axis, like cur- 
rants. 

RAC-E-MiF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing clusters. 

mommS} * Gro ™e in clusters - 

Ra'CER, n. A race-horse ; a runner. 

Ra'CES, n. pi. A meeting for contests in speed 
with horses, &c. 

RA-€HIT'I€ (ra-kit'ik), a. Pertaining to the mus- 
cles of the back: rickety. 

RA-€Hl'TIS (ra-ki'tis), n. [£r.] A softening and 
curvature in the spinal and other bones; the 
rickets. 

Ra'CI-NESS, n. The quality of being racy. 

RACK, n. An engine of torture ; the torture it- 
self; a frame on which things are laid, or in 
which hay, &c, is put for cattle; the ambling 
pace of a horse ; flying broken clouds or vapor ; 
a spirituous liquor, called also arrack; a toothed 
sliding piece of machinery. 

RACK, v. t. or v. i. To stretch or strain on a rack ; 
to afflict with extreme pain; to draw from the 
lees or decant, as wine; to amble, as a horse; to 
fly, as broken clouds. — Syn. To torment ; ex- 
tend; strain; harass. 

RaCK'ET, n. A clattering noise ; a snow shoe ; an 
instrument by which the player at tennis strikes 
the ball. 

RACK'ET-ING, n. Confused, noisy mirth. 

RaCK'ET- Y, a. Making a great noise. 

RACK'ING, a. Inflicting torture; excruciating, 
as racking pain. 

RaCK'-ReNT, n. Rent to the full value. 

RaCK'-ReNT-ER, n. One that has to pay rack- 
rent. 

Ra'CY, a. Having a marked and native flavor.— 
Syn. Spicy. — Racy (from radix, a root) refers 
primarily to that strong and peculiar flavor which 
certain wines derive from the soil, and hence we 
call a style or production racy when it "smacks 
of the soil," or has an uncommon degree of fresh- 
ness and distinctiveness of thought and language. 
Spicy (from sjnee), when applied to style, has ref- 
erence to that pungency which belongs to the ar- 
omatics of the East. 



dove, wolf, noon ; nuLE, BULL ; vi"cious. — o asK; g as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; this. * Not English. 



RAD 



3G6 



EAI 



RAD'DLE, n. A long stick used in hedging ; a 
hedge; an instrument used in weaving. 

RAD'ULE, v. t. To interweave; to twist together. 

Ra'DI-A-L, a. Pertaining to the forearm or radius. 

Ra'DI-ANCE, ) n. State or quality of being ra- 

Ra'DI-AN-(JY,j diant ; brightness shooting in 
rays; vivid brightness. — Syn. Luster; brilliancy; 
splendor; glare; glitter. 

Ra'DI-ANT, a. Emitting rays or heat ; issuing in 
rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid 
light; sparkling. 

Ra'DI-ANT, n. The luminous point or object 
from which light emanates; a straight line pro- 
ceeding from a given point to a fixed pole, about 
which it is supposed to revolve ; in heraldry, a 
charge, as represented by the rays around it. 

Ra'DI-ANT-LY, ad. With beaming brightness. 

RA-DI-a'TA, n. pi. A great division of the ani- 
mal kingdom, including those animals whose 
parts are arranged round an axis, and on one or 
several radii, &c. 

Ra'DI-aTE, v. t. To emit rays or send out in di- 
rect lines from a point or surface, as light or 
heat; to shed light or brightness on : to enlight- 
en ; to illuminate; v. i. to issue or dart in rays, 
as light or brightness; to shine; to sparkle; to 
issue and proceed in direct lines from a point or 
surface, as heat. 

Ra'DI-ATE, a. Noting a flower with disk and 
leaflets like a daisy, &c. 

Ra'DI-a-TED, a. Adorned with rays of light; 
emitted, as rays of heat; in mineralogy, having 
crystals diverging from a center. 

Ra'DI-a-TING, a. Emitting or darting rays of 
light or heat. 

RA-DI-a'TION, n. Emission of rays of light or 
heat ; the shooting from a center. 

Ra'DI-a-TOR, n. A body from which rays of 
light or heat emanate; a contrivance by which 
more heat is secured from a stove ; the name for 
such a stove itself. 

RAD'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the root ; implanted 
by nature ; serving to originate ; deep or thor- 
ough. — Syn. Entire. — A radical cure, reform, &c, 
is one which goes to the root {radix) of the evil 
in question; entire Avouid imply that it extended 
to every part of the system referred to. 

R AD'I-€ AL, n. Root of a word ; an element, or a 
simple constituent part of a substance. 

RaD'I-€AL, n. One who in politics advocates ex- 
treme measures in reformation. 

RAD'I-€ AL-ISM, n. The doctrine or principle of 
making radical reform in government. 

RAD'I-€AL-LY, ad. Originally; primitively; 
thoroughly. 

RAD'I-€AL-NESS, n. The state of being radical. 

RAD'I-€ANT, a. Rooting, as a stem or leaf. 

RAD'I-€aTE, v. t. To root; to plant deeply. 

EAD-I-€A'TION, n. Act of fixing deeply. 

RADT-OLE (rfid'e-kl), n. That part of the seed 
which becomes a root. 

RAD'ISH, n. A plant whose root has a pungent 
taste, and is eaten raw. 

Ra'DI-US, n. ; pi. Ra'di-tjs-e$ or Ra'di-i. A right 
line from the center of a circle to the periphery ; 
in anatomy, the exterior bone of the forearm. 

Ra'DIX, n. ; pi. Ra-di'ces. A root or primitive 
word. 

RAFF, n. Sweepings, as in riffraff; the rabble; 
the mob ; a promiscuous heap or collection. 

RAF'FLE, v. i. To cast dice for a prize for which 
each person concerned in the game lays down a 
stake or hazards part of the value. 

RAF'FLE, n. A game of chance or lottery in which 
several persons deposit a part of the value of a 
thing for the chance of gaining it. 

RAFT (6), n. A float of wood or boards. 

RAFT, v. t. To transport on a raft. 

RAFT'ER, n. A roof-timber of a building. 

RAFT'ING, n. The business of floating rafts. 



RAFTS'MAN, n. A man who manages a raft. 

RAG, n. A tattered cloth ; a torn piece of cloth ; 
garments worn out or a mean dress. 

RAG-A-MOF'FIN, n. A paltry, mean fellow. 

RagE, n. Violent anger accompanied by furious 
words or actions; vehemence or aggravation of 
any thing painful ; extreme eagerness or passion 
directed to some object. — Syn. Fury; impetuos- 
ity; passion; anger, which see. 

RagE, v. i. To be in a fury; to be violent. — Syt*. 
To storm ; fret ; chafe ; fume ; ravage. 

RAG'GED, a. Rent, or worn into fragments; 
broken ; covered with rags. 

RAG'GED-NESS, n. State of being ragged. 

Rag'ING, a. Acting with violence or fury ; ve- 
hemently driven or agitated. — Syn. Furious; 
frantic; mad; wrathful ; impetuous; violent. 

Rag'ING, n. Fury ; violence ; impetuosity. 

RAG'MAN, n. A man who collects rags. 

*RA-GoUT' (ra-goo'), n. [Fr.} A high-seasoned 
dish. 

RAGS, n. pi. Old worn-out garments. 

RAG'-WHEEL, n. In machinery, a wheel having 
cogs or a notched edge. 

RAG'-WoRK, n. A kind of rubble work. 

RaID, n. A predatory incursion. 

RaIL, n. A narrow piece or bar of wood or iron 
for fencing or inclosing a place ; a long iron bar 
used on rail-roads; a narrow plank on a ship's 
upper works ; a long-toed water-bird. 

RaIL, v. t. To inclose with rails. 

RaIL, v. i. To utter reproaches; to scoff. 

RaIL'ER, n. One who utters abusive language. 

RaIL'ING, a. Expressing reproach ; insulting. 

RaIL'ING, n. Insulting language; a series of 
rails; materials for rails. 

RAIL'LER-Y (ral'ler-y), n. Jesting language; 
good-humored pleasantry or slight satire ; satiri- 
cal merriment. 

RaIL'HoAD,) n. A road or way on which iron 

RaIL' WaY, j rails are laid for wheels to run on 
for the conveyance of heavy loads. 

RaI'MENT (ra'ment), n. Clothing in general ; 
garments; vesture. 

RaIN, n. Water falling from clouds. 

RaIN, v. t. or v. i. To pour or shower down, like 
rain from the clouds ; to fall in drops, as water 
from clouds. 

RaIN'BoW (rane'bo), n. A many-colored arch 
formed by the refraction and reflection of the 
_sun's rays; the iris. 

RaIN'DEER, n. A species of deer. See Reindeer. 

RaIN'-GaUgE (rane'gaje), n. An instrument to 
receive and measure the quantity of rain that 
falls. 

RaIN'I-NESS, n. State of being rainy. 

RaIN'Y, a. Abounding with rain ; showery. 

RaISE (raze), v. t. The leading idea is that of 
causing to ascend, as to raise a stone, a mast, a 
building, &c. ; hence, to exalt, as to raise to hon- 
or ; to enhance, as to raise the price of goods, 
&c. ; to excite, as to raise a tempest ; to raise the 
pulse, &c. ; to call forth or into action, as to raise 
money, to raise troops, &c. ; to rear or cause to 
grow, as to raise cattle, &c. ; to raise wheat. 
[.American.'] — Syn. To grow ; to rear. — The En- 
glish never speak, as we do, of raising wheat, &c, 
but of grouing it, and so of all vegetable produc- 
tions. It is a peculiarity of the Southern States 
to apply the word raise to the rearing or bringing 
up of men, as " I was raised in Kentucky." In 
England, as well as at the North, raise in this 
sense is applied only to animals ; though we do 
speak of raising a sickly child, where the refer- 
ence, however, is to the weakness of his animal 
frame. 

RAIS'ER, n. One who lifts, builds, or produces. 
With joiners, a board set on edge under the fore 
side of a step or stair. 

RaIS'IN (rii'zn), n. A dried grape. 



1, e, &c, lumj. — I, E, &c, short— -cake, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



RAI 



3G7 



RAN 



RaIS'ING-, n. The act of lifting, setting up, re- 
storing, producing, &c. ; erection or operation of 
setting up a frame building. 

♦HAIS-SON-NE' (rii-zon-a'), a. [Fr\] With proof, 
illustrations, or notices ; analytical, as Catalogue 
raisxonne, &c. 

RAIT, v. t. To lay hemp in water in order to pre- 
pare it for use. 

RAMA 1 1, n. In India, a native prince or king. 

RXJ'POOT, n. A Hindoo of the military order. 

RAKE, n. A tool to gather hay, &c. ; a libertine. 

RAKE, v. t. To collect with a rake : to search ; to 
scratch ; to fire in the direction of the length of 
any thing. 

RaKE, v. i. To scrape or scratch into for finding 
any thing; to search minutely ; to pass with vi- 
olence or rapidity ; to lead a dissolute life ; to in- 
cline from a perpendicular direction. 

RAK'ING, n. Act of using a rake ; space or quan- 
tity raked at once ; a. that rakes. 

RAK'ISH, a. Lewd; given to a dissolute life; 
having a backward inclination, as the masts of a 
ship. 

RaK'ISH-NESS, n. Dissolute practices. 

RAL'LY, n. Act of collecting disordered troops ; 
a sudden collection of persons; exercise of satir- 
ical merriment. 

RaL'LY, v. t. To treat with good humor and 
pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire ; to 
collect and reduce to order troops dispersed or 
things scattered. — Syn. To joke; ridicule; de- 
ride; collect; unite; banter, which see. 

RaL'LY, v. i. To assemble ; to come back to or- 
der ; to use pleasantry. 

RAM, n. A male sheep; a sign of the zodiac ; an 
engine to batter walls ; a machine to raise water, 
called also water-rams. 

RAM, v. t. To drive with violence ; to cram. 

RAM-A-DAN', n. The great annual fast of the Mo- 
hammedans kept during the Oth month. 

RaM'BLE, n. A wandering or an irregular excur- 
sion. — Syn. Tour; trip; jaunt. 

RaM'BLE, v. i. To ride, walk, or sail from a place 
without a definite object; to go at large or move 
without direction. — Syn. To roam ; range ; rove; 
stroll ; wander. 

RAM'BLER, n. One who rambles ; a wanderer. 

RAM'BLING, a. Moving or going irregularly. — 
Syn. Roving; roaming; wandering; strolling; 
unsettled. 

RAM-I-FI-€a'TION, n. A branching; a division 
or subdivision ; the manner in which a tree pro- 
duces its boughs. 

RaM'I-Fy, v. t. or v. i. To divide, shoot, or sepa- 
rate into branches; to be divided or subdivided, 
as a main subject. 

RAM'MICR, n. A ramrod; an instrument for driv- 
ing any thing with force; the person that rams. 

RAM'MISH, a. Rank; strong-scented. 

Ra'MoSE, \ a. Branched; branchy; full of 

Ra'MOUS,) branches. 

RAMP, v. i. To leap ; to frisk; to climb. 

RAMP, 7i. A leap; spring; romp. 

RAMP'AN-CY, n. Exuberance of growth ; exces- 
sive prevalence; extravagance. 

RAMP'ANT, a. Overgrowing usual bounds; be- 
yond restraint ; in heraldry, as applied to a lion, 
&c., standing on the hind legs, with fore feet 
raised. — Syn. Wanton; frisky; exuberant; un- 
restrained. 

RAM'PaRT, n. A wall, or that which fortifies and 
defends from assault. — Syn. Bulwark. — The ram- 
part of a fortress is the entire wall which sur- 
rounds it ; a bulwark is more properly something 
which projects (as a bastion) for the defense of 
the main work. Hence we speak of a distin- 
guished individual as the bulwark, not the ram- 
part of the state. 

RAM'ROD, n. A rod of iron used in forcing down 
a musket charge. 



+RAN-CHF/RO (ran-tsha'ro), n. [Sp.~] In Mexico, 
a peasant employed on a rancho : a herdsman. 

♦RAN'CHO (nin'tsho),* n. A small hamlet or 

RANCH, j" large farming establish- 

ment for cattle and horses. 

RAN'CID, a. Musty; sour; having a strong or 
rank smell. 

RAX-CID'I-TY, \ n. A strong, sour smell ; must- 

RAN'CIl)-NESS,j iness. 

RAN'COR (rank ur), n. Inveterate enmity; deep- 
seated and implacable hatred; corruption. — Syn. 
Enmity. — Enmity and rancor both describe hos- 
tile feelings; but enmity may be generous and 
open, while rancor (lit, a festering) is deep-seat- 
ed and malignant. It implies personal malice of 
the worst and most enduring nature, and is the 
strongest word in our language to express hostile 
feelings. 

RAN'€OK-OUS (riink'ur-us), a. Characterized by 
deep and implacable malice. — Syn. Bitter; viru- 
lent; malicious; malignant; spiteful. 

RAN'€OR-OUS-LY, ad. With deep malignity. 

RAND, n. The border or edge of a shoe; the 
length of 1800 yards in linen thread. 

RAN'DOM, a. Left to chance; uttered or done 
without aim or previous calculation. 

RAN'DOM, n. Want of direction ; hazard ; dis- 
tance of a body thrown, as the furthest random 
of a missile weapon ; progression. 

RaNE, n. A name sometimes given to the rein- 
deer. 

RANG, old preterit of Ring. 

RaNgE, n. A row of things, as a range of build- 
ings; a wandering or excursion, as taking a wide 
range; extent; compass; a cooking apparatus or 
grate; step of a ladder; a division by lines of 
townships of public lands in the United States; 
in gunnery, the horizontal distance to which a 
shot, &c, is carried. 

RaNgE, v. t. To place in order or in rows; to dis- 
pose in classes; to move or pass over, near, in the 
direction of, or parallel to. — Syn. To class ; place ; 
rank ; arrange ; set, &c. 

RaNgE, v. i. To rove at large without restraint ; 
to sail or pass near or in the direction of; to be 
placed in order or rank. — Syn. To rove; roam; 
ramble ; wander ; stroll. 

RaNg'ER, n. One that ranges; a dog. 

RANK, a. Strong-scented; strong; causing or be- 
ing of vigorous growth ; high-tasted ; raised to a 
high degree ; exceeding the value. — Syn. Luxu- 
riant ; rich ; rancid ; excessive ; violent ; coarse, 
&c. 

RANK, n. A row or line; any portion or number 
of things to which place, degree, or order is as- 
signed ; degree of dignity or high place, &c ; 
ranks, in the plural, the order of common sol- 
diers. — Syn. Division; degree; grade; class; or- 
der; dignity. 

RANK, v. t. or v. i. To place in a line, in a class 
or order; to have a degree of dignity; to be 
ranged. 

RANK'LE (rank'kl), v. i. To grow more rank or 
strong ; to be inflamed ; to fester. 

RANK'LING, n. The act or process of becoming 
more virulent; deep and active irritation. 

RANK'LY, ad. With luxuriant growth, &c. 

RANK'NESS, n. A strong scent or taste; exuber- 
ance; extraordinary strength. [der. 

RAN'SACK, v. t. To search narrowly ; to plun- 

RAN'SOM (ran'sum), n. The price paid for re- 
deeming a person or goods; release from captiv- 
ity; the price paid for life or pardon of sin. 

RAN'SOM, v. t. To free from captivity or punish- 

1 ment by paying an equivalent ; to retrieve from 
the penalty of the divine law, guilt, or sin. — Syn. 
To redeem ; release; deliver; rescue; save. 

RAN'SOM-ER, n. One who redeems. 

RAN'SOM-LESS, a. Destitute of or without ran- 
som. 



dove, wolf, rsooii; klle, hull ; vi"cious. — e as k ; u as j ; s as z ; cu as bii ; Tims. +" Not English. 



RAN 



368 



RAT 



RANT, n. Boisterous, empty words; high-sound- 
ing language without dignity of thought. 

EAjST, v. i. To rave; to use empty, high-sound- 
ing words. 

RaNT'EB, n. A boisterous declaimer. 

RANT'1-PoLE, a. Being wild; boisterous; rov- 
ing: rakish. 

+RaXZ DES VXcHES' (ranz da vash'), n. pi. 
[Fr.] Simple melodies of the Swiss mountain- 
eers played on the Alpine horn. 

RAP, n. A quick, smart blow, as a rap on the 
knuckles. 

RaP, v. t. or v. i. To strike with a quick, sharp 
blow ; to knock ; to seize and bear away, partic- 
ularly by violence. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS (-pa'shus), a. Greedy of prey; 
given to plunder; wont to seize for food or by 
violence. — Syn. Ravenous ; voracious ; exorbi- 
tant; exacting. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS-LY, ad. Ravenously; by rapine. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS,? n. Disposition to plun- 

RA-PAC'1-TY, f der; practice of plunder- 

ing ; exorbitant greediness of gain. 

RaPE, n. A seizing by violence ; carnal knowl- 
edge by force ; something carried away ; a plant 
cultivated for the oil from its seed. 

RAP'ID, a. Characterized by quickness of mo- 
tion ; advancing with haste or speed ; of quick 
utterance of words. — Syn. Swift ; quick ; violent ; 
fast; expeditious; hurried. 

RAP'ID, n. s. \ The part of a river where the 

RAP'IDS, n. pl.\ current is swift. 

RAP'ID-LY, ad. Swiftly; with celerity. 

RAP'ID-NESSJ n. Quickness in motion, utter- 

RA-PiD'1-TY, j ance, or progression. — Syn. 
Swiftness; velocity; celerity; haste; speed; fleet- 
ness. 

Ra'PI-ER, n. A small sword used in thrusting. 

RAP'iNE (rap'in), n. The act of plundering by 
violence. — Syn. Plunder; pillage; violence. 

RAP-PA-REE', n. A wild Irish plunderer. 

RAP- PEE', n. A coarse kind of snuff. 

RAP'PER, n. One that raps ; the knocker of a 
door. 

RAPT, a. Transported in ecstasy. 

RAPT'uRE (rapt'yur), n. Extreme joy or pleas- 
use ; a hurrying along with rapidity ; uncommon 
heat of imagination. — Syn. Transport ; ecstasy ; 
delight; bliss; enthusiasm. 

RAPT'uR-OUS (rapt'yur-us), a. Transporting; 
ecstatic^ very delightful ; ravishing. [person. 

*Ra'RA a'VIS, n. [L.] A rare bird ; an unusual 

RARE (4), a. Seldom occurring; unusually ex el- 
lent, as a rare genius; not dense, as a rare at- 
mosphere ; thinly scattered ; underdone, as rare 
meat [in this last sense, often spelt and pro- 
nounced rear, formerly rere']. — Syn. Scarce. — We 
call a thing rare when but few of the kind are 
ever to be met with, as a rare plant, &c. ; we speak 
of a thing as scarce which, though usually abun- 
dant, is for the time being to be had only in di- 
minished quantities. A bad harvest makes corn 
scarce. 

RAR'EE-SHoW, n. A show carried in a box. 

RAR-E-FAC'TION, n. The expansion of bodies 
by the separation of their parts ; it is opposed to 
condensation. 

RAR'E-Fi-A-BLE, a. Capable of rarefaction. 

RAR'E-FLE'D, a. Made thin or less dense. 

RAR'E-Fy, v. t. or v. i. To make thin; to enlarge 
a body without adding to it any new portion of 
its own matter ; to become thin and porous. 

RARE'LY (4), ad. Seldom; not often; finely. 

RARE'NESS,! n. State of being uncommon ; val- 

RAR'I-TY, f ue arising from scarcity; distance 
from each other; rarity is also used for a thing 
valued for its scarcity, &c. — Syn. Infrequency; 
uncommonness ; thinness; subtility. 

RAS'CAL, n. A trickish, dishonest man ; a scoun- 
drel ; a rogue. 



RAS'CAL, a. Lean; low; mean. 

RAS-CAL'ION (-kal'yun), n. A low, mean wretch. 

RAS-CAL'I-TY, n. Mean trickishness or dishon- 
esty, [less. 

RAS'CAL-LY, a. Meanly base or trickish ; worth- 

RaSE (raze), v. t. To level with the ground ; to 
scratch, blot, or rub out.— -Syn. To subvert; pros- 
trate ; overthrow ; demolish ; erase ; obliterate. 

RASH, a. Acting without due caution or thought; 
done with too much haste; unwary; heedless.— 
Syn. Adventurous ; fool-hardy. — A man is adven- 
turous who incurs risk or hazard from a love of 
the arduous and the bold ; a man is rash (con- 
nected witlj rus?0 who dees it from the mere im- 
pulse of his feelings without counting the cost; 
a man is fool-hardy who throws himself into dan- 
ger in disregard or defiance of the consequences. 

RASH, v. t. To slice ; to divide. 

RASH, n. An eruption or efflorescence on the 
body, with little or no elevation. 

RASIl'ER, n. A thin slice; a cut of bacon. 

RASH 'LY, ad. In a hasty manner; precipitately. 

RASH'NESS, n. Inconsiderate or too much haste 
in resolving or in undertaking a measure. — Syn. 
Precipitancy; hastiness; heedlessness; indiscre- 
tion ; temerity, which see. 

RASP (6), n. A large rough file, the cutting sur- 
faces of which are raised by being punched in- 
stead of being cut across by a chisel ; a grater. 

RASP, V. t. To rub or grate with a rasp. 

RASP'A-TO-RY, n. A surgeon's rasp. 

RASP'BER-RY (raz'ber-ry), n. Fruit of the bram- 
ble, or a berry growing on a well-known prickly 
plant. 

RASP'ING, n. A filing ; a severe rebuke, or some- 
thing grating to the feelings. 

RaS'URE (rii'zhur), n. Act of scraping out; the 
mark by which a letter, word, or any part of 
writing is erased. 

RAT, n. A troublesome animal of the mouse kind, 
but larger. To smell a rat, to suspect of some 
mischief. 

RAT, v. i. To desert one's party ; among pr inters, 
to work for less than established prices. 

RaT'A-BLE, a. That may be rated or taxed. 

RaT'A-BLY, ad. By rate or proportion. 

RAT-A-Fi'A (rat-a-fu'a), n. A spirituous liquor 
prepared from the kernels of cherries, peaches, 
&c. 

RAT-AN ', n. A small species of cane, with joints 
and without branches, the growth of India, and 
used in various kinds of manufacture, as chair- 
seats, &c. ; a walking-stick made of the same. 

RATCH, n. A bar with teeth, into which a catch 
drops, to keep machines from running back. 

R/s.TCH'ET, n. A tooth at the bottom of the fusee 
or barrel of a watch, to stop it in winding up. 

RATCH'ET-WHEEL, n. A circular wheel with 
angular teeth to receive the pall or ratchet. 

RATE, n. The proportion or standard ; the price 
or amount stated; settled allowance; degree of 
value or price ; a tax assessed by authority ; in 
the navy, the order or class of a ship. 

RaTE, v. i. To be set or considered in a class ; to 
make an estimate. 

RaTE, v. t. To set a value on ; to put or rank at 
a certain price or excellence, or fix the order or 
magnitude, &c. ; to take the rate of; to chide 
with vehemence. — Syn. To estimate ; appraise ; 
reckon ; tax ; reprove ; scold. 

RATH, a. Early; coming before the usual time. 

RATH'ER, ad. More willingly; especially; more 
properly ; in preference ; noting some degree of 
contrariety in fact. 

RAT-I-FI-CA'TION, n. Act of confirming ; giv- 
ing sanction or validity to another's act. 

RAT'I-Fi-ER, n. One who confirms. 

RAT'I-Fy, vl t. To give sanction or validity to 
something done by another. — Syn. To confirm ; 
approve; establish; sanction. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, mrd; move, 



KAT 



;oo 



RAZ 



RaT'ING, n. A chiding or scolding; a valua- 
tion. 

Ra'TIO (ra'sho), n. ; pi. Ra'tios. Relation which 
one thing has to another. — Syn. Proportion; rate,; 
degree; quota. 

RA-TIOC-I-Na'TION (ra-shos-e-nii'shun), n. Act 
or process of reasoning or of deducing conse- 
quences from premises. 

Ra'TION, n. Provisions for a day. 

RA'TION-AL (rush'un-al), a. Endowed with rea- 
son ; agreeable to reason ; acting in conformity 
to reason. — Syn. Reasonable. — Rational (from 
ratio) has reference to reason as a faculty of the 
mind, and is opposed to irrational [i. e., desti- 
tute of or contrary to reason], as a rational be- 
ing, a rational state of mind, rational views, 
&c. In these cases the sjieaulative reason is 
more particularly referred to. Reasonable has 
reference to the exercise of this faculty for prac- 
tical purposes, and denotes "governed or direct- 
ed by reason," as reasonable desires, plans, &c, 
a reasonable charge, a reasonable prospect of 
success. _ 

Ra-TION-a'LE (ra-shun-a'le), n. Detail with rea- 
sons; theoretical explanation. 

RA'TION-AL-ISM (r?.sh'un-al-ism), n. A system 
of opinions deduced from reason or distinct from 
inspiration. 

RA'TION-AL-IST (rash'un-al-ist), n. One who 
proceeds merely on reason ; one who accounts for 
the supernatural events of revelation solely on 
natural grounds, and denies inspiration, &c. 

RA-TION-AL-iST'I€, ) a. Belonging or ac- 

RA-TION-AL-IST'I€-AL, j cording to the prin- 
ciples of rationalism. 

RA-TION-AL'I-TY (rash-un-al'i-ty), n. Power of 
reasoning ; reasonableness. 

RA'TION-AL-LY (rash'un-al-ly), ad. With rea- 
son; reasonably. 

Ra'TION-AL-NESS, n. The state of being ra- 
tional. 

RAT" LINE,) n. A small line across the shrouds 

RAT'LIN, J of a ship forming the step of the 
ladder. 

RAT-OON', n. A sprout from the root of the sug- 
ar-cane after the first cutting. 

RATS'BaNE, n. Arsenic; poison for rats. 

RAT-TEEN', n. A thick woolen stuff quilled. 

RAT-TI-NET', n. A woolen stuff thinner than 
ratteen. 

RAT'TING, n. Act of deserting a party; among 
printers, a working for less than established 
prices. 

RAT'TLE (rat'tl), v. i. To make sharp, quick, re- 
peated noises; to clatter. 

RAT'TLE, v. t. To cause to make a rattling 
sound, or a rapid succession of sharp sounds ; to 
stun with noise ; to scold. 

RAT'TLE, n. A succession of sharp sounds or 
words; an instrument with which a clattering 
sound is made ; clamorous chiding ; a plant. 

RAT'TLE-HEAD'ED (rat'tl-hSd'ed), a. Being 
noisy; giddy; unsteady. 

RAT'TLE (rat'tlz), n. pi. The croup; a disease 
in the windpipe. 

RAT'TLE-SNaKE, n. A venomous serpent hav- 
ing a rattle at the end of the tail. 

RAT'TLE-SNAKE-ROOT, n. A plant or root 
used to cure the bite of a rattlesnake. 

RAT'TLING, a. Making a quick succession of 
sharp sounds. 

RAT'TLING, n. A quick succession of sharp 
sounds ; noise made by wheels, &c. 

RAU'CI-TY, n. Hoarseness; roughness of voice. 

RAU'COUS, a. Being hoarse ; harsh. 

RAVAGE, v. t. To lay waste in various ways. — 
Syn. To waste; spoil; plunder; pillage; destroy. 

RAVAGE, n. Destruction by violence or by de- 
cay, &c. — Syn. Devastation; desolation; waste; 
spoil ; plunder ; ruin. 



RAVAG-ER, n. He or that which lays waste. — 
Syn. Devastator; spoiler; plunderer; destroyer. 

RaVE, v. i. To be delirious; to dote; to rage. 

RaVE, n. The upper side timber of a cart. 

RAV'i?L (rav'vl), v. i. To fall into perplexity and 
confusion ; to work in perplexities. 

RAV£L, v. t. To untwist ; to disentangle ; also, to 
entangle ; to make intricate. 

RAVE'LIN (rav'lin), n. A detached work in forti- 
fication with two embankments making a salient 
angle. 

RAVjBL-INGS (rav'vl-ingz), n. pi. Threads de- 
tached in raveling. 

RA' VE N (rii'vn), n. A large black bird of the crow 
family. 

RaV'jBN (rav'vn), v. t. or v. i. To devour greedi- 
ly ; to eat with voracity ; to obtain by violence ; 
to prey with rapacity. 

R.A.VEN, n. Food obtained by violence. — Syn, 
Prey; pillage; rapine; plunder. 

RAVjBN-ING (rav'vn-ing), n. Eagerness for plun- 
der. 

RAV'i?N-OUS (rav'vn-us), a. Very hungry; hun- 
gry even to rage ; eager for prey or gratification ; 
devouring with rapacity. — Syn. Voracious; ra- 
pacious; greedy. 

RAV^N-OUS-LY, ad. With raging hunger. 

RAV'j& t N-OUS-NESS, n. Extreme voracity. 

RA'VENS-DuCK, n. A species of sail-cloth. 

RAVIN. See Raven. 

RA-Vi'NE' (ra-veen'), n. A long, deep hollow worn 
by a stream or torrent of water ; hence, a deep, 
narrow hollow or pass through mountains. 

RaVING, a. Furious with delirium. — Syn. Mad ; 
delirious; distracted; frenzied. 

RAVISH, v. t. To seize and carry away by force ; 
to transport with delight ; to know carnally by 
force. — Syn. To violate; deflower; force; enrap- 
ture; delight. 

RAVISHJ5D, a. Snatched away by violence ; 
forced to carnal embrace ; delighted to ecstasy. 

RAVISH-ER, n. One who seizes by force or who 
forces a woman ; one who transports with delight. 

RAVISH-ING, a. Delighting or delightful to ec- 
stasy; transporting. 

RAVISH-MENT, n. Act of ravishing ; rapture. 

RAW, a. Not altered from a natural state; not 
cooked; unmanufactured; bare of skin or flesh ; 
not ripened ; unripe in skill or not tried ; rather 
cold and damp; not mixed or adulterated; not 
tanned; not tried or melted. — Syn. Crude; sore; 
unseasoned ; unexperienced ; new ; chilly; bleak. 

RAW'-BON^D (-bond), a. Having little flesh on 
the bones. 

RAW'HeAD (-hed), n. Something frightful; a 
specter used to frighten children, &c. 

RAW'HiDE, n. A cowhide or riding-whip of un- 
tanned leather twisted. 

RAW'LY, ad. Unskillfully ; without experience. 

RAW'NESS, n. State of being inexperienced ; the 
state of being raw or uncooked ; hasty manner ; 
coldness with dampness. — Syn. Unskillfulness ; 
crudeness ; chilliness. 

RaY (ra), n. A line of light, or one as formed by 
a particle of light; figuratively, a beam of intel- 
lectual light ; the outer parts of the florets of a 
compound radiated flower; a bony or cartilagi- 
nous part of the fin of a fish ; a kind of fish. — 
_Syn. Glimmer ; beam ; gleam ; light ; luster. 

RaY (ra), v. t. To streak ; to shoot forth ; to mark 
with long lines. 

Ra'YAH (ra'ya), n. In Turkey, a non-Moham- 
medan subject who pays the capitation tax. 

RaY'LESS (ra'less), a. Destitute of light ; dark ; 
not illuminated. 

RaZE, v. t. To lay level or subvert from the foun- 
dation; to erase; to efface; to extirpate. — Syn. 
To prostrate ; overthrow ; destroy ; obliterate ; 
demolish, which see. [size. 

RA-ZEE', n. A ship of war cut down to a smaller 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vr cious.- 



k; g 
A a 



ch as sii ; Tine. + Not English. 



RAZ 



370 



EEA 



RA-ZEE', v. t. To cut down or reduce to the next 
inferior rank or class, as a ship of war. 

Ba'ZOE, n. An instrument for shaving. 

Ba'ZURE (ra'zhur), n. Act of erasing; oblitera- 
tion. See Rasuke. 

Re, a prefix, denotes return or repetition; also a 
jyllable used in music. 

Be-AB-SoBB', v. t. To draw in, imbibe, or swal- 
low again what has been effused or thrown out. 

BE-AB-S6RP'TION, n. The act or process of im- 
bibing what has been previously thrown off or 
jixtravasated ; the swallowing a second time. 

Re-A€-C£SS', n. A second access or visit. 

ReACH (reech), v. t. To stretch out; to touch by 
extending the hand or by any thing held in it ; to 
deliver by extending the hand ; to arrive at, come 
to, or attain any thing, especially if difficult or 
distant ; to penetrate to, or spread out or abroad ; 
to strike from a distance. — Syn. To extend; se- 
cure; gain; hand; transfer. 

EEACH, v. i. To be extended ; to penetrate ; to 
make efforts to vomit. 

EeACH, n. Extent; power of attaining to; ef- 
fort ; fetch ; contrivance ; that portion of a river 
in which the current flows straight forward ; ef- 
fort to vomit. — Syn. A stretching; extension; 
scheme ; artifice. 

RE-ACT', v. i. To return an impulse or impres- 
sion ; to resist the action of another body by an 
opposite force; to act reciprocally or in opposi- 
tion. 

Re- ACT', v. t. To act. or perform a second time. 

RE-AC'TION, n. In plajsics, counteraction ; ac- 
tion in opposition ; in chemistry, the mutual or 
reciprocal action of two or more chemical agents ; 
_any action in resisting other action or power. 

Be-AC'TION-A-BY, a. Operating by way of re- 
action. 

EE-ACT'IVE, a. Having power or tending to re- 
act. 

EEAD (reed), v. t. To inspect and understand; to 
utter or pronounce words, characters, or letters, 
and in their proper order; to learn; to know 
fully. 

EeAD, v. i. To perform the act of reading ; to be 
studious ; to learn by reading ; to appear in read- 
ing, as of a passage, it reads well. 

EeAD (red), a. Instructed or knowing by reading ; 
versed in books. 

EEAD'A-BLE, a. That may be read; easy or 
pleasant to read. 

EEAD'ER, n. One who reads; one who studies 
much ; a corrector of the press ; one who places 
in order the cords of a draw -loom, as by pattern. 

READ'ER-SHIP, n. The office of reading pray- 
ers. 

READ'I-LY (red'i-ly), ad. Quickly; promptly. 

ReAD'I-NESS (rtid'e-ness), n. Freedom from hin- 
derance or reluctance ; a state of being prepared ; 
fitness of condition. — Syn. Quickness ; skill ; 
knack; promptitude; willingness; preparation; 
alacrity ; facility, which see. 

BEAD'ING, n. Perusal; public recital ; variation 
of copies; manner of interpretation ; a comment- 
ary or gloss on a law, text, or passage ; study of 
books. 

EEAD'ING, a. Addicted to reading, as a commu- 
nity. 

READ'ING-ROOM, n. A room provided with pa- 
pers, &c. to which persons resort to read. 

RE-AD-JuST', v. t. To put in order again. 

RE-AD-JuST'MENT, n. A second settlement. 

RE-AD-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. Act of admitting 
again what has been excluded. 

RE-AD-MIT', v. t. To admit again. 

Ee-AD-MIT'TANCE, n. A second admittance, or 
allowance to enter again. 

EEAD'Y (rcd'y), a. Quick to comprehend or act ; 
not hesitating; not slow or dull; furnished with 
what is needed ; suitably arranged ; not reluctant 



or about to do or suffer ; having a tendency or 
disposition; being at hand or most convenient. — 
Syn. Speedy ; fitted ; handy ; willing ; short ; 
near; prompt, which see. 

EEAD'Y, ad. In a state of preparation, so as to 
need no delay ; promptly. 

RE-AF-FiEM' (IT), v. t. To affirm again. 

RE-AF-FiEM'ANCE, n. A second affirmance. 

Ee-a'6ENT, n. A substance that detects the in- 
gredients of a mixture. 

Ee'AL, a. Having a positive existence ; genuine ; 
not imaginaiy or counterfeit; relating to things, 
not persons, as real estate. — Syn. Actual. — Real 
represents <a thing to be a "res," or substantive 
existence, as a real occurrence, not imaginary. 
Actual refers to it as acted or performed ; and 
hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we 
often say, "It actually exists," "it has actually 
been done." Thus its reality is shown by its act- 
uality. Actual, from this reference to being act- 
ed, has recently received a new signification, viz., 
present, as "the actual posture of affairs;" since 
what is now in action or going on has, of course, 
a present existence. 

EE'AL, n. A Spanish coin of different value, from 
5 up to 10 or 12 cents. 

BE'AL-I$M, n. The doctrine of the Eealists, that 
the terms for denoting the genera or species of 
things represent real existences, noi mere ?iames. 

EE'AL-IST, n. One who holds to Eealism. 

RE-AL-lST'I€, a. Pertaining to or characteristic 
of Realists. 

RE-AL'I-TY, n. The actual existence of any thing, 
in distinction from mere appearance . something 
intrinsically important, not merely matter of 
show. — Syn. Truth; fact; verity; actuality; 
certainty. 

Re-AL-IZ'A-BLE, a. That may be realized. 

Re-AL-I-Za'TION, n. Act of realizing; the act 
of converting money into land, of believing real, 
or of bringing into being or act. 

RE'AL-IZE, v. t. To bring into being or act; to 
bring home to one's own case; to consider as 
one's own; to impress as a reality, or treat as 
real; to bring into possession; to render tangi- 
ble or real; v. i. to raise money. — Syn. To ac- 
complish ; effect ; complete ; consummate. 

RE'AL-LY, ad. In fact; in truth; with actual 
existence ; not only in appearance. — Syn. Truly ; 
certainly; actually. 

REALM (relm), n. A royal jurisdiction or extent 
of government; a kingdom; kingly government. 

REAM. n. A bundle of twenty quires of paper. 

REAM, v. t._ To bevel out a hole in metal, &c. 

RE-aN'I-MaTE, v. t. To restore back to life ; to 
revive the spirits ; to infuse new life into. 

RE-aN-I-Ma'TION, n. The act or operation of re- 
viving or restoring to life, spirits, courage, or 
vigor. 

Re-AN-NeX', v. t. To annex again, or what has 
been separated ; to reunite. 

REAP, v. t. To cut grain with a sickle ; to clear 
off a crop by reaping ; to gather ; to obtain ; to 
receive as a reward. 

REAP, v. i. To perform the act or operation of 
cutting grain, &c. ; to receive the fruit of labor 
or works. 

REAP'ER, n. One who reaps. [sickle. 

REAP'ING, n. The act of cutting grain with a 

REAP'ING-HOOK, n. An instrument used in 
reaping; a sickle. 

RE-AP-PaR'EL. v. t. To clothe again. 

Re-AP-PeAR', v. i. To appear a second time. 

Re-AP-PeAR'ANCE, n. A second appearance. 

EE-AP-PLT', v. t. To apply a second time. 

RE-AP-POINT', v. t. To appoint again. 

RE-AP-POINT'MENT, n. A second appointment. 

RE-AP-PoR'TION, v. t. To apportion again. 

RE-AP-PoR'TION-MENT, n. A second apportion- 
ment. 



L, e, &c, loncj.—l, e, &c, short— cage, far, last, fall, what ; •aiL&s, ieebm ; marine, r.hin ; move, 



EEA 



371 



REC 



REAR, ?i. The part behind ; last body of troops ; 
Jast class. 

REAR, v. U To raise or bring to maturity, as 
young; to lift after a fall; to educate; to stir 
up ; to obtain or achieve. See Raise. 

REAR, v. i. To rise on the hind legs, as a horse. 

REAR-aD'MI-RAL, n. The admiral of the third 
jquadron or rank. 

ReAR'-GUaRD (-giird), n. The body that marches 
in the rear of an army to defend it. 

ReAR'MOUSE, n. The common bat. 

ReAR'-RaNK, ru The rank of a body of troops 
^n the rear. 

ReAR'WARD, n. The rear guard; the end; the 
_tail ; the last troop ; the last part. 

Re-AS-CeXD', v. i. To mount again. [ing. 

Re-AS-(JeN'SION (-sen 'shun), n. Act of remount- 

Re-AS-CeNT', n. A returning ascent ; acclivity. 

RKA'SON (re'zn), n. That which is thought or 
alleged in words as the ground or cause of opin- 
ion or determination; the occasional cause; the 
final cause; a faculty of the mind, by which it 
distinguishes truth from falsehood, and good 
from evil; right or justice; moderation. — Syn. 
Argument: proof; cause; motive; sake; end. 
See Motive and Sense. 

ReA'SON (re'zn), v. t. or v. i. To exercise the fac- 
ulty of reason ; to argue ; to infer or inquire by 
discussion with another; to discourse; to per- 
suade by reasoning. — Syn. To discuss; argue; ex- 
amine; prove. 

ReA'SON-A-BLE (re'zn-a-bl), a. Indued with rea- 
son ; governed by reason; just; agreeable; not 
immoderate. — Syn. Equitable ; fair; suitable; 
moderate; rational, which see. 

RkA'SON-A-BLE-NESS (re'zn-), n. Agreeable- 
ness to reason ; moderation. 

ReA'SON-A-BLY (rG'zn-), ad. In consistency with 
reason ; not fully ; moderately. [sons. 

ReA'SON-ER (re'zn-), n. One who argues or rea- 

ReA'SON-ING (re'zn-). n. The act or process of 
^xercising the faculty of reason ; argument. 

Re-AS-SeM'BLE, v. i. To assemble or convene 
_again. 

Re-AS-SeRT', v. t. To affirm again ; to maintain 
jifter cessation or contradiction. 

Re-AS-SeR'TION, n. A second assertion of the 
jiame thing. 

Re-AS-SIGN', v. t. To transfer back again any 
thing assigned. 

Re-AS-SuME', v. t. To assume again ; to resume. 

Re-AS-SuMP'TION, n. Act of reassuming. 

Re-AS-SCR'ANCE (-shur'ance), n. Repeated as- 
surance, a second assurance against loss, or the 
assurance of property by an underwriter to pro- 
ject himself. 

Re-AS-SuRE' (re-ash-shureO, v. t. To assure again ; 
to restore courage ; to insure so as to cover an in- 
surer's loss or risk. 

Re-AS-SCR'ER (re-ash-shur'er), n. One who in- 
jures an underwriter. 

Re-AT-TaCH'MENT, n. A second attachment 

Re-BAP'TISM, n. A second baptism. 

Re-BAP-TiZE', v. t. To baptize a second time. 

RE-BaTE', v. t. To deprive of keenness; to abate 
or deduct from. 

RE-BaTE', \n. Abatement; deduction of 

RE-BaTE'MENT, j interest, &c, for prompt pay- 
ment; discount. 

Re'BATE, n. A groove or channel cut in the edge 
of a board, &c, to fit another; a rabbet; the 
small piece of stuff laid round the panel of a 
door; an iron tool like a chisel for dressing 
wood, &c. 

Re'BEG, n. A Moorish instrument of music like 
a three-stringed fiddle. 

ReB'EL, n. One who revolts from lawful author- 
ity; one who willfully violates a law; a. rebell- 
ious ; acting in revolt. — Syn. Insurgent. — The 
term insurgent marks an early, and rebel a more 



advanced 6tage of opposition to government. 
The former rises up against his rulers, the latter 
makes war upon them. A French writer re- 
marks that out of a hundred insurgents, not more 
than ten usually hold out and become confirmed 
rebels. 

RE-BE L', v. i. To rise in violent opposition against 
lawful authority. 

RE-BF:LL'ION (re-bel'yun), n. Open renunciation 
of allegiance, and opposition to government; re- 
sistance to lawful authority. — Syn. Sedition; re- 
volt ; contumacy ; insurrection, which see. 

RE-BELL'IOUS (re-bel'yus), a. Engaged in re- 
bellion. 

RE-BeLL'IOUS-LY (re-b~l'yus-ly), ad. With de- 
sign to cast off allegiance or resist authority. 

RE-BELL'IOUS-NESS (re-b:i'yus-), n. The qual- 
ity or state of being rebellious. 

RE-BOUND', v. t. or v. i. To drive back; to re- 
verberate ; to spring or fly back, as a ball. — Syn. 
To recoil; re-echo; rebuff. [back. 

RE-BOUND', n. The act of springing or flying 

RE-BuFF', n. Sudden check ; a beating back ; re- 
jection of solicitation. — Syn. Repercussion; re- 
pulse; defeat; refusal. &c. 

RE-BuFF', v. t. To beat back ; to offer sudden re- 
sistance. — Syn. To repel ; check ; repulse ; re- 
fuse. 

Re-BUiLD' (re-bild'), v. t. To build or construct 
anew what has been demolished. 

RE-BCK'A-BLE, a. Deserving rebuke. 

RE-BuKE', v. t. To reprehend for a fault ; to check 
or restrain ; to afflict for correction ; to silence. — 
Syn. To chide; reprove; chasten; calm; admon- 
ish, which see. 

RE-BuKE', n. Reproof for faults ; reprehension ; 
chastisement ; punishment. See Reproof. 

RE-BuKE'FUL, a. Containing reproof. 

RE-BOK'ER.'n. One that chides or reproves. 

RE-BuK'ING-LY, ad. By way of rebuke. 

Re- BUR' Y (re-ber'ry), v. t. To bury again. 

Re'BUS, n. ; pi. RE'bus-es. A kind of riddle ; an 
r '.igmatical representation of some name by us- 
ing only pictures and figures. 

RE-BuT', v. t. To repel; to oppose by argument. 

RE-BuT'TER, n. In law pleadings, the answer of 
a defendant to a plaintiff's sur-rejoinder. 

Re-€AL-CI-TRa'TION, n. A kicking back. 

Re-GALL', v. t. To call or take back ; to revoke ; 
to call back from a place or mission, as a minis- 
ter from a foreign court ; to revive in memory. 

Re-€ALL', n. A calling back ; revocation. 

RE-GANT', v. t. or v. i. To take back; to unsay 
what has been said. — Syn. To renounce. — To re- 
nounce is to abandon an opinion or doctrine; to 
recant is formally and distinctly to disavow it as a 
serious error. It of course implies that we adopt 
the opposing truth. 

RE-GAN-Ta'TION, n. Act of retracting. 

Re-GA-PaC'I-TaTE, v. t. To qualify again. 

Re-GA-PiT'u-LaTE (-pit'yu-late), v. t. To repeat 
in a summary manner ; to give a summary of the 
principal things mentioned. — Syn. To reiterate; 
repeat ; recite ; rehearse ; sum up. 

Re-OA-PIT-u-La'TION, n. The act of giving a 
jmmmary ; a summary. 

Re-GaP'TIOX, n. A retaking; reprisal. 

Re-GaPT'OR, n. One who retakes or takes a 
_prize before taken. 

Re-GaPT'uRE (-kapt'yur), n. Act of retaking; 
a prize retaken. 

Re-GaPT'CRE (-kapt'yur), v. t To retake, as a 
_prize which had been previously taken. 

Re-GaST' (6), v. t. To cast, mold, or compute a 
second time ; to throw again. 

RE-CEDE', v. i. To move or fall back ; to desist 
from. — Syn. To retire ; return ; withdraw ; re- 
treat. 

RE-C'EDE', v. t. To cede back ; to grant or yield 
to a former possessor. 



dove, wolf, eoox; kule, efll ; vi"cious. — c as k ; o as j; s as z; en as sn ; this. + Sot English. 



REC 



372 



REC 



RE-CeIPT' (-seef), n. The act of receiving ; that 
which is received, as the receipts of a rail-road; 
less commonly the place of receiving; a writing 
acknowledging the taking of money or goods ; a 
direction for making things, as in cookery. 

RE-CEIPT' (-seet'), v. t. To give a writing ac- 
knowledging that something has been received. 

RE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. That may be received. 

RE-CeI VE' (re-seev') v. t. To take what is offered, 
communicated, or inflicted ; to be endowed with ; 
to admit. — Syn. To accept. — To receive describes 
simply the act of taking ; to accept, the taking 
cordially or for the purpose for which a thing is 
offered. A lady may receive the proposal of a 
suitor without accepting his suit. 

RE-CEIV'ER (-seev'er), n. One who receives; a 
treasurer. 

RE-CEIV'ING,«. The act of receiving; that which 
is received. 

RE-CeL'E-BRaTE, v. t. To celebrate again. 

RE'CEN-CY, n. Newness of origin ; lateness in 
time; freshness. 

RE-CEN'SION (-sen'shun), n. Enumeration; ex- 
amination; review. 

RE'CENT, a. Being of late origin or existence; 
lately received ; not long past ; of late occurrence ; 
in geology, of a date since the creation of man. — 
Syn. New; late; modern; novel; fresh. 

RE'CENT-LY, ad. Newly; lately; freshly; not 
Jong since. 

RE'CENT-NESS, n. Lateness of origin or occur- 
rence. — Syn. Newness; freshness; lateness. 

RE-C£P'TA-€LE, n. A place or vessel into which 
any thing is received, or in which it is contained ; 
in botany, the base of the fructification in plants. 

RE(J-EP-TA€'u-LAR, a. Pertaining to the recep- 
tacle, or growing on it. 

RE-CEP-TI-BiL'I-TY, n. The possibility of re- 
ceiving or of being received. 

RE-CEP'TION, n. Act of receiving; state of be- 
ing received ; admission of any thing sent or com- 
municated ; a manner of receiving for entertain- 
ment; a party for receiving company. 

RE-CeP'TiVE, a. That receives ; having the qual- 
ity of receiving what is communicated. 

RE-CeSS', n. A withdrawing or moving back ; re- 
mission or suspension of business; secret or ab- 
struse parts of a subject, as the recesses of sci- 
ence ; retirement or private abode ; part of a 
room formed by the receding of the wall ; a se- 
cret place ; the retiring of the shore from the gen- 
eral line, forming a bay. 

RE-CeS'SION (re-sosh'un), n. Act of drawing 
back, of receding from a claim, or relaxing a de- 
mand; a withdrawing or retreating. 

RE-CHaRgE', v. t. To attack or charge anew. 

Re-CHXR'TER, n. A second charter; renewal of 
a charter. 

RE-CHXR'TER, v. t. To charter again. 

+RE-cH£R'cHE (re-shar'slni), a. LFV.] Sought 
out with care ; nice to an extreme. 

RE-CHOOSE', v. t. To choose a second time. 

REC'I-PE (rV-), n. A medical prescription. 

RE-CIP'I-EN-CY, n. Act of receiving. 

RE-CiP'LENT, n. One who receives. 

RE-CiP'RO-€AL, a. Acting in return ; done on 
one side in response to something done on the 
other side. — Syn. Mutual. — The distinctive idea 
of mutual is that the parties unite by inter- 
change in the same act, as a mutual covenant, 
mutual affection, &c, &c. The distinctive idea 
of reciprocal is, that one party acts by way of re- 
turn or response to something previously done by 
the other party, as a reciprocal kindness, recip- 
rocal reproaches, &c. Love is reciprocal when 
the previous affection of one party has drawn 
forth the attachment of the other. To make it 
mutual, in the strictest sense, the two parties 
should have fallen in love at once ; but as the re- 
sult is the same, the two words are here used in- 



terchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the 
tide is a case where the action is reciprocal, but 
not mutual. 

RE-CIP'RO-€AL, n. The reciprocal of any quan- 
tity is unity divided by that quantity. 

RE-CiP'RO-€AL-LY, ad. So that each affects 
and is affected by the other. 

RE-CiP'RO-€AL-NESS,t n. Mutual return ; al- 

RE-CIP-RO-€aL'I-TY, j ternateness. 

RE-CiP'RO-€aTE, v. t. or v. i. To act by turns ; 
to give and return alternately. 

RE-CIP-RO-€a'TION, n. Giving and receiving 
in return ; interchange of acts ; regular return or 
alternation of two symptoms or diseases. 

REC-I-PR6(J'I-T Y (res-e-pros'e-ty), n. Mutual re- 
turn ; reciprocal obligation or right ; mutual ac- 
tion and reaction. — Syn. Interchange; reciproca- 
tion; exchange; mutuality. 

RE-CiiB'ION (re-sizh'un), n. The act of cutting 
off. 

RE-Cl'T AL, n. The repetition of words of anoth- 
er, or of writing; a telling or enumeration of 
particulars. — Syn. Rehearsal ; recitation ; narra- 
tion ; description ; detail ; account, which see. 

REC-I-Ta'TION, n. Rehearsal; repetition; in 
colleges and schools, the rehearsal of a lesson by 
pupils, &c. 

REC-I-TA-TFVE' (res-e-ta-teev'), a. Rehearsing; 
reciting, as in music. 

REC-I-TA-Ti'VE' (-teevO, n. A kind of singing or 
musical pronunciation differing but little from 
ordinary speaking. 

RE-ClTE', v. t. or v. i. To tell over; to rehearse, 
especially of a lesson by a pupil to his teacher ; 
to enumerate particulars. — Syn. To narrate; de- 
scribe; detail; recapitulate. 

ReCK'LESS, a. Having no care or heed. — Syn. 
Thoughtless; negligent; unconcerned regard- 
less; careless. 

RECK'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of careless- 
ness; negligence; indifference. 

RECK'ON (rek'kn), v. t. or v. i. To tell over by 
particulars; to form an estimate or judgment; 
to make an account, or charge to account, with 
on; to be answerable. — Syn. To count; number; 
compute ; cast ; esteem. See Guess and Calcu- 
late. 

RECK'ON-ER (Tuk'kn-er), n. One who computes. 

ReCK'ON-ING (rek'kn-ing), n. The act of com- 
puting; statement of accounts, also with compar- 
ison ; charges at an inn, &c. ; bill of expenses; 
estimated place of a ship and its course by log 
and compass, &c, called dead reckoning. — Syn. 
Calculation ; estimation; charge; bill. 

RE-€LaIM', v. t. To claim to have restored; to 
call from error, &c. ; to reduce from a wild to a 
tame or cultivated state, as beasts, land, &c. ; to 
attempt to recover possession. — Syn. To reform ; 
recover; restore; correct. 

RE-€LaIM'A-BLE, a. That may be reclaimed. 

RE-€LaIM'ANT, n. One who reclaims or op- 



RE€-LA-Ma'TION, n. Recovery ; demand ; chal- 
lenge of something to be restored. 

REC'LI-NATE, a. Reclined, as a leaf; bent down. 

REC-LI-N a'TION, n. Act of leaning or reclining. 

RE-CLTNE', v. t. or v. i. To lean back, to one side, 
or sidewise ; to rest or repose. 

RE-CLoSE' (-kloze'), v. t. To shut or close again. 

RE-C LuSE', a. Living in retirement ; retired from 
the world ; solitary. 

RE-CLilSE', n. One who lives in seclusion from 
society; a religious devotee. 

RE-€LuSE'LY, ad. In retirement or seclusion. 

RE-CLtJSE'NESS, \ n. A state of re- 

RE-€Lu'SION (re-klii'zhun),/ tirement from the 
worldj seclusion. 

RE-CLu'SIVE, a. Affording retirement. 

RE-C6CTION (-kok'shun), n. A second coction 
or preparation. 



&c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



REC 



373 



REC 



KE€-OG-Ni"TION (rek-og-nish'un), n. Acknowl- 
edgment; formal or solemn avowal; knowledge 
confessed or avowed. 

REG-OG-NIZ'A-BLE or RE-GoG'NI-ZA-BLE, a. 
That may be acknowledged. 

BE-€OG'NI-?ANCE (re-kog'ne-zance or re-kon'e- 
zance), n. An acknowledgment; bond of record. 

REG'OG-NiZE (rek'og-nlze), v. t. To recollect or 
recover the knowledge of ; to acknowledge for- 
mally; to admit, as an obligation ; to re-examine. 

Syn. To avow; confess; own; allow; concede. 

See Acknowledge. 

RE-GOG-NI-ZEE' (-kog-ne-zee' or -kon-e-zee'), n. 
One to whom a recognizance or bond of record is 
made. 

RE-GOG-NI-ZoR' (-kog-ne-zor' or -kon-e-zor'), n. 
One who enters into a bond of record. 

RE-€OIL', v. i. To move or start back, as a can- 
non recoils when fired; to return, as evil on the 
perpetrator; to shrink, as with terror, &c. 

RE-GOIL', n. Movement backward; the reaction 
of fire-arms when discharged. 

RE-€OIL'ER, n. One who falls back from his 
promise or profession; a revolter. 

RE-GOIL'ING, n. The act of shrinking or of 
starting back from one's promise or profession. 

RE-GOIL'MENT, n. The act of recoiling. 

Re-GOIN', v. t. To coin a second time. 

Re-GOIN'AgE, n. Act of coining anew ; that 
Avhich is coined anew. 

REC-OL-LEGT', v. t. To recall or bring to mind 
or memory; to recover or recall the knowledge 
of; to recognize; to recover resolution or com- 
posure of mind. 

Rk-GOL-LeGT', v. t. To collect again. 

REG-OL-LeG'TION, n. The act or power of re- 
calling to the memory. Recollection differs from 
remembrance, as it is the consequence of voli- 
tion, or an effort of the mind to recall ideas ; 
whereas remembrance implies no such volition. 
See Memory. 

REG-OL-LeGT'iVE, a. Having power to recol- 
leet. 

Re-GOM-BINE', v. t. To combine again. 

Re-GOM-MeNGE', v. t To begin again. 

REG-OM-MeND', v. t. To commend to another ; 
to make acceptable; to praise another; to com- 
mit with prayers. 

REG-OM-M£ND'A-BLE, a. "Worthy of praise. 

RE€-OM-MEND-a'TION, n. Act of praising; 
that which commends to favor or procures a kind 
reception. 

REG-OM-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. That recommends. 

RE-GOM-MiS'SION (-mish'un), v. t. To commis- 
sion again, as officers whose terms of service 
_have expired. 

Re-GOM-MiT', v. t. To commit anew; to refer 
again to a committee. 

Rt-€OM-MIT'MENT,t n. A second commitment; 

RE-GOM-MiT'TAL, f a renewed reference to 
a, committee. 

Re-€OM-Mu'NI-€aTE, v. t. To impart or send 
again ; to communicate a second time. 

REG'OM-PENSE, n. An equivalent returned for 
any thing done, given, or suffered ; a return of 
evil, or suffering, or other equivalent, as a pun- 
ishment. — Syn. Repayment; compensation; re- 
muneration; requital; satisfaction. 

ReG'OM-PENSE, v. t. To make a return of an 
equivalent for any thing done, suffered, &c. — 
Syn. To repay; requite; compensate; reward; 
remunerate. 

RE-GOM-Po$E', v. t. To compose or quiet anew. 

REG-ON-OiL'A-BLE, a. That may be adjusted 
or made to agree. 

REG-ON-CII/A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality or possi- 
bility of being made to agree. 

REG-ON-CILE', v. t. To conciliate anew ; to bring 
to agreement; to bring to acquiescence; to make 
consistent; to adjust or compose differences. — 



Syn. To reunite; propitiate; pacify; appease; 
settle ; harmonize. 

RE€-0N-(JILE'MENT, n. Renewal of friendship; 
friendship renewed. 

REG-ON-OIL'ER, n. One who reconciles, brings 
parties at variance into renewed friendship, or 
who discovers the consistency of propositions, 
&c. 

REG-ON-CIL-T-a'TION, n. Renewal of friend- 
ship ; act of reconciling parties at variance ; 
agreement of things seemingly at variance. — 
Syn. Reunion; pacification; harmony. 

REG-ON-GIL'I-A-TO-RY, a. Tending to recon- 
cile. 

REG'ON-DITE, a. Hidden from the view or in- 
tellect ; dealing in things abstruse. — Syn. Se- 
cret; abstruse; profound; deep; unfathomable. 

RE-€ON-D0€T', v. I. To conduct back. 

+RE-€6N'NOIS-SaNCE, n. UFV.] The examina- 
tion of a tract of country, either in warlike move- 
ments or for the purpose of carrying on public 
works, as canals, rail-roads, &c. 

RE-GON-NOI'TER.J v. t. To survey ; to examine 

RE-GON-NOI'TRE, j by the eye ; particularly in 
military affairs, to examine the state of an ene- 
my's army or camp, or the ground for military 
operations. 

RE-GoN'QUER (re-konk'er), v. t. To conquer 
again ; to recover by conquest. 

RE-GON-SiD'ER, v. t. To consider again ; to re- 
scind ; to take into consideration again, as, to 
reconsider a motion in a legislative body. 

RE-GON-SID-ER-a'TION, n. Renewed consider- 
ation or review in the mind. 

RE-GON-STRuGT', v. t. To construct again ; to 
rebuild. 

RE-GON-STROG'TION, n. The act of construct- 
ing again. 

RE-GON-VEY' (re-kon-va'), v. t. To convey back 
_or a second time, or to a former owner. 

Re-GON-VEY'ANCE (-kon-va'ance), n. A trans- 
ferring back. 

RE-GoRD', v. t. To write down for the purpose 
of preserving an authentic account; to register; 
to enroll ; to imprint deeply on the mind or mem- 
ory ; to cause to be remembered. 

REG'ORD, n. Authentic register or enrollment ; 
act of placing on record ; authentic memorial. 

RE-GoRD'ER, n. One who records ; an officer who 
registers writings or transactions; sometimes a 
judicial officer, as the recorder of a city. 

RE-GoRD'ER-SHIP, n. Office of recorder. 

RE-GOUNT', v. t. To relate in detail ; to mention 
by particulars. — Syn. To relate ; narrate ; re- 
hearse; enumerate; describe; recite. 

RE-GoURSE', n. A going to or application for 
aid, &c. ; application of efforts, skill, or labor. 

RE-G6 V'ER (-kiiv'er), v. t. To regain what was 
lost; to restore from sickness; to revive from ap- 
parent death ; to gain by reparation ; to obtain 
title to by judgment in a court of law. — Syn. To 
regain , resume ; retrieve ; recruit ; heal ; cure. 

RE-GGV'ER (-kiiv'er), v. i. To regain health aft- 
er sickness; to regain a former state or condition 
after misfortune; to obtain a judgment in law. 

RE-G6VER-A-BLE, a. That may be recovered 
or restored. 

RE-GOVER-Y (-kiiv'er-y), n. The act of regaining 
any thing lost, as property or health; capacity 
of doing so, as past recovery; the obtaining by a 
judgment of court. — Syn. Restoration. — Recov- 
ery is active, restoration is passive. I must 
myself be instrumental in the recovery of prop- 
erty that is stolen ; not so in restoration, for 
which I am wholly indebted to the act of another. 

REG'RE-AN-GY, n. A cowardly yielding. 

REO'RE-ANT, a. Properly, crying out; hence, 
begging for mercy ; cowardly in battle ; mean- 
spirited ; false to trust ; n. one who yields or 
begs for mercy in combat ; a coward. 



dove, \vo;.f, 



rule, dull; vi"cious. — € as it; 6 as j; s as /; ch as bii ; this. * Not English. 



EEC 



EED 



Re€'RE-aTE, v. t. To refresh after toil, &c. ; to 
take recreation; to afford pleasurable occupa- 
tion ; to delight, &c. — Syn. To enliven ; animate: 
gratify ;_ amuse : entertain. 

RE-€RE-aTE', v. t. To create or form anew. 

Re-€RE-a'TION, n. A forming anew. 

RE€-RE-a'TION, n. Refreshment of strength and 
spirits after toil ; amusement ; diversion. 

Re€'RE-A-TiVE, a. Tending to give relief and 
animation after labor ; amusing; diverting. 

Re€'RE-MENT, 11. Superfluous matter separated 
from that which is useful ; dross. [use. 

RE€-RE-MkNT'AL, a. Consisting of dross ; ref- 

RE-€RiM'I-NaTE, v. i. or v. t. To return one ac- 
cusation with one another; to charge an accuser 
with the same crime or fault. 

RE-€RIM-I-Na'TION, n. The return of one ac- 
cusation with another. 

RE-€RiM'I-NA-TlVE, a. Retorting accusation. 

RE-€RiM'I-Na-TOR, n. One who retorts. 

RE-€RiM'I-NA-TO-RY, a. Retorting a charge. 

RE-CRCTT' (:j1) (re-krute'), v. i. To gain new sup- 
plies of any thing ; to gain health ; flesh ; spir- 
its, &c. ; to raise troops, &c. 

RE-€R0IT', v. t. To supply loss or deficiency; to 
supply with new men any deficiency of troops. — 
Syn. To repair -, restore ; recover ; regain ; re- 
trieve; enlist. 

RE-CRCTT', n. A new enlisted soldier; supply of 
any thing wanted. 

RE-CRCTT'ER, n. One who recruits. 

RE-CRCTT'MENT (-krute'ment), n. Act of sup- 
plying men for the army, &c. 

Re-CRYS-TAL-LI-Za'TION, n. The process of a 
jecond crystallization. 

Re-€R?S'TAL-LIZE, v. t. To crystallize again. 

ReCT'AN u -GLE (rGk'tang-gl), n. A right-angled 
parallelogram ; in arithmetic, the product of 
two lines multiplied into each other. 

RECT-aN g 'GU-LAR (-ang'gu-lar), a. Having 
right angles. 

ReCTI-Fi-A-BLE, a. That may be corrected. 

RE€-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of correcting or re- 
fining: in chemistry, the process of refining any 
substance by repeated distillation. 

ReC'TI-FI-ER, n. He or or that which rectifies. 

ReC'TI-Fy, v. t. To make right that which is 
wrong or false ; to refine by repeated distillation, 
&c. — Syn. To correct; better; redress; adjust; 
amend, which see. 

REC-TI-LIN'E-AL,? a. Right-lined; consisting 

RE€-TI-LLVE-AR,i of right lines. 

ReC'TI-TuDE, n. State of being right,- upright- 
ness in all things. — Syn. Justice. — Rectitude, in 
its widest sense, is one of the most comprehensive 
words in our language, denoting absolute con- 
formity to the rule of right in principle and prac- 
tice. Justice refers more especially to the car- 
rying out of law, and has been considered by 
moralists as of three kinds : (1.) Commutative 
justice, which gives every man his own property, 
including tilings pledged by promise, &c. (2.) 
Distributive justice, which gives every man his 
exact deserts. (3.) General justice, which carries 
completely out all the ends of law, though not in 
every case through the precise channels of com- 
mutative or distributive justice, as we see often 
done by a parent or a ruler in his dealings with 
those who are subjected to his control. 

ReC'TOR, n. A ruler or governor; a minister of 
a parish ; a ruling officer of a convent or religious 
bouse; head master of a public school. 

S:l : TORimP, } n - The office of rector ' 
RE€-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a rector. 
RE€"TOR-Y, n. A parish church, parsonage, or 

living, with all its rights, tithes, &c. ; a rector's 

house. 
*R£C'TUM, n. [L.] In anatomy, the third and 

last of the large intestines. 



RE-GuM'BEN-CY, n. A leaning or lying down; 
rest; repose. 

RE-€uM'BENT, a. Being in a reclining position ; 
reposing; inactive. 

RE-€u'PER-A-TlVE, 1 a. Pertaining to or tend- 

RE-Cu'PER-A-TO-RY,j ing to recovery. 

RE-€uR', v. i. To return to the thought and mind ; 
to have recourse ; to occur at stated intervals or 
by rule. 

RE-CuR^RENCE, \ n. The returning from time 

RE-€uR'REN-CY, f to time, as the recurrence 
of error ; the having recourse ; return. 

RE-CuR'RENT, a. Returning from time to time; 
running back. 

RE-CuRV'ATE, a. Bent downward. 

RE-€UR-Va'TION,T n. A bending or flexure 

RE-CuRV'I-TY, j backward. 

RE-€uRV'OUS, a. Bent backward. 

RE-Cu'SAN-CY, n. Nonconformity. 

RE-€ u'SANT (-ku'zant), a. Rejecting the suprem- 
acy of the king, or conformity to the established 
rites of the Church. 

RE-Cu'$ANT, n. A nonconformist. 

RED, a. Of a bright color like blood. 

RED, n. The color of red itself. 

RE-DAN', n. [2<V.] A kind of rampart in the form 
of an inverted V, the angle outwaid. 

ReD'-BOOK, n. A register of all the persons in 
the service of the state. 

ReD'-CHALK, n. A kind of argillaceous iron ore 
used for drawing crayons. 

ReD'DJs'N (rod'dn), v. t. or v. i. To make or grow 
red ; to blush. 

ReD'DISH, a. Moderately red. 

RED'DISH-NESS, n. Moderate redness. 

RED-DFTION (red-dish'un), n. A returning of 
any thing; restitution; surrender; representa- 
tion. 

RE-DEEM', v. t. To purchase back from sale or 
from slavery; to save by the death of Christ; 
to rescue from the bondage of sin and its penal- 
ties; to fulfill, as a promise. — Syn. To rescue; 
ransom; free; deliver; save. 

RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. That may be redeemed. 

RE-DEEM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality 
of being redeemable. 

RE-DEEM'ER, n. One who ransoms; the Lord 
Jesus. 

RE-DE-LiV'ER, v. t. To deliver again ; to liber- 
ate a second time. 

Re-DE-LIV'ER-Y, n. A delivering back ; a sec- 
ond delivery or liberation. 

RK-DE-MAND' (G), v. t. To demand again. 

RE-DeMP'TION, n. Repurchase of captured 
goods or prisoners ; deliverance from bondage or 
from liability to any evil ; liberation of an estate 
from mortgage; repurchase of notes, bills, or oth- 
er evidence of debt; the deliverance of sinners 
from the bondage of sin and the penalties of the 
law by the death of Christ. 

RE-DeMP'TION-ER, n. One who redeems him- 
self. 

RE-DeMP'TiVE, a. Pertaining to redemption; 
redeeming. 

RE-DEMP'TO-RY, a. Paid for a ransom. 

ReD'G-UM, n. A disease or eruption of red pim- 
ples in infancy; a kind of blight in grain. 

RED'-HoT, a. Red with heat; heated to redness. 

RE'DI-ENT, a. Returning. 

RE-DIN'TE-GRaTE, v. t. To restore to a perfect 
state ; to renew. 

RE-DIN-TE-GRa'TION, n. Restoration to a 
_sound state ; renewal. 

Re-DIS-SeI'ZIN, n. A writ to recover seizin. 

ReD'-LeAD, n. Red oxyd of lead, of a fine red 
color, used in painting, &c. 

ReD-LeT'TER, a. A red-letter day is a fortunate 
one, so called because festivals were formerly 
marked with red letters in the calendar. 

ReD'NESS, n. The quality of being red. 



I, e, &c, long. — I, £, &c, short. — care, fae, last, fall, avkat ; these, teem; marine, med; move, 



RED 



KEF 



Sd^LExSv,} n - Sweet scent. 

ReD'O-LEXT, a. Having or diffusing a sweet 
scent or odor — followed by of. 

RE-DGUB'LE (rC-diib'bl), v. t. To repeat again or 
often : to increase by repetition or additions. 

RE-DO UB'LE (-dfib'bl), v. i. To become twice as 
much. 

RE-DOUBT' (re-dout'), n. In fortification, gener- 
ally, almost any kind of work ; particularly, a 
parapet inclosing a square or other area. 

RE-DOUBT'A-BLE (-dout'a-bl), a. Formidable; 
to be dreaded. 

RE-DOUND', v. i. To be sent, rolled, or driven 
back ; to proceed in the consequence or effect ; to 
jresult. 

Re-DRVW", v. t. To draw again, or a second draft. 

RE-DRESS', v. t. To set right; to deliver from 
wrongs or pains, &c. — Sv>\ To relieve ; to amend ; 
to repair. 

RE-DReSS', n. Remedy for wrong; that which 
or one who uives relief. — Svn. Relief; repara- 
tion; indemnification; amendment; remedy. 

RE-DRf;S.S'ER. n. One who gives relief. 

RE-DReSS'iVE, a. Tending to redress. 

RE-DRkSS'LE.SS, a. Having no redress. 

ReD'-SIIuRT, a. Brittle when red-hot. 

ReD^-STREAK, a. A kind of apple. 

ReD'-ToP, n. A well-known species of grass, 
valued for hay and pasturage. 

RE-DuCE'. v. t. Literally, to bring back to a for- 
mer state, or to any state or condition, good or 
bad; to diminish in size; to bring into subjec- 
tion. — Syn. To lessen; decrease; shorten; im- 
pair; lower; subdue. 

RE-DDCE'MEXT, n. Act of lessening; reduction. 

RE-Du'CEXT, a. That tends to reduce. 

RE-Dl'CEXT, n. That which reduces. 

RE-DuC'ER, n. He or that which reduces. 

RE-Du'CI-BLE, a. That can be reduced. 

RE-Di;€'TIOX, n. The act of reducing or state of 
being reduced, as the reduction of a body to pow- 
der ; the act of making or being made less, as the 
reduction of expenses ; changing different denom- 
inations to one, as pounds and shillings to pence, 
and vice versa ; the operation of restoring a dis- 
located bone to its proper place; the conquest of 
a country, &c.— Syn\ Decrease ; lessening; abate- 
ment ; conquest. [reducing. 

RE-Du€'TIVE, n. That which has the power of 

RE-Df€'TIVE, a. Tending to reduce. 

RE-DuN'DANOE, \ n. Superfluous quantity ; ex- 

RE-DoN'DAN-. ,'Y,j cess. 

RE-DCX'DAX T, a. Exceeding what is natural or 
necessary; using more words than are needed. — 
Syn\ Superabundant; superfluous; excessive; ex- 
uberant overflowing. 

RE-DuX'DAXT-LY, ad. With superfluity or ex- 
cessj superabundantly. 

RE-Du'PLI-€aTE, v. t. To double. 

RE-DU-PLI-€.v'TIOX, n. The act of doubling. 

ReD'WOOD, n. A tree of immense size and 
_height in California. % 

Re-e€H'0 (re-ek'o), v. t. or v. i. To echo back 
again ; to return back or be reverberated. 

Re-e€H'0, n. The echo of an echo. 

REED, n. A plant having a hollow, jointed stem ; 
a musical pipe; an arrow; a weaver's utensil. 

REED'I?X (re'dn). a. Consistingof a reed orreeds. 

Re-ED-I-FI-€a'TIOX, n. Act or operation of re- 
building ;_state of being rebuilt. [destruction. 

Re-eD'I-F v, v. t. To build again ; to rebuild after 

REED'IXG, n. A number of beaded moldings 
joined as in jambs, picture-frames, &c. ; the draw- 
ing through the dents of weavers' reeds. 

REED'Y, a. Full of reeds ; having the quality of 
a reed in tones, that is, harsh and thick. 

REEF, v. t. To draw in aud fold sails. 

REEF, n. Fold of a sail ; a chain of rocks near 
the surface of water; a cutaneous eruption. 



REEF'Y, a. Full of reefs or rocks. 

REEK, iu The vapor of moist substances; steam ; 
used sometimes for rick. 

REEK, v. i. To send forth steam or vapor. 

REEK'Y, a. Soiled with smoke or steam ; foul. 

REEL, n. A frame to wind yarn on ; an instru- 
ment on which seamen wind various lines, as 
log-lines, &c. ; an angler's machine for winding 
up his line when the fish is caught; a lively 
dance peculiar to Scotland. 

REEL, v. t. To gather yarn from the spindle. 

REEL, v. i. To stagger; to vacillate in walking. 

Re-E-LF:€T', v. t. To elect a a second time. 

Re-E-Le€'TIOX, n. Election a second time, or 
a repeated election. 

Re-EL-I-oI-BiL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being 
elected to the same office. 

Re~eL'I-6I-BLE, a. That may be re-elected. 

REEL'IXG, n. The operation of winding off yarn, 
_thread, &c. 

Re-EM-BaRK'. v. t. or v. i. To embark again. 

Re-EM-BaR-Ka'TIOX, n. A putting on board, 
or a going on board again. 

Re-EM-BoD'Y, v. t. To embody again. 

REEMlNG-, n. The opening of the seams of a 
vessel for the purpose of calking ; other opening. 

RE-EN-a€T' v. t. To enact a second time. 

RE-EX-a€T'MEXT, ti. The renewal of a law. 

Re-EX-FoRCE'. v. t. To strengthen with fresh 
forces, but particularly to strengthen an army or 
a fort with additional troops. 

Re-EX-FoRCE', n. Part of a cannon near the 
breech, which is stronger than the rest. 

Re-EX-FoRCE'MEXT,™. Additional supply; any 
augmen' ation of strength or force by something 
added ; fresh assistance or force. 

Re-EX-G-a6E', v. t. To engage a second time. 

RE-EX-LIST', v. t. To enlist a second time. 

RFU-EX-LiST'MEXT, n. A second enlistment. 

Re-eX'TER, v. t. To enter again; in engravino, 
to pass the graver into the incisions not enough 
_bitten by the aquafortis, so as to deepen them. 

Re-EX'TER-IXG-, a. Entering in return ; applied 
to angles that point inward, or opposed to salient 
jangles in fortification. 

Re-EX-THRoXE', v. t. To place again on the 
_throne. 

Re-eX'TRAXCE, n. Act of entering again. 

REER'MOUSE, n. A bat, 

Re-ES-TAB'LISH, v.t. To establish again; to fix 
or confirm again. 

Re-ES-TaB'L1SH-MEXT, n. The act of estab- 
lishing again ; the state of being established 
again; renewed confirmation. 

REEVE, n. An officer, steward, or governor, as 
shire-reeve, i. e. sheriff. 

REEVE, v. t. To pass the end of a rope through a 
block, thimble, &c. 

RE-EX-aM'IX-A-BLE, a. That may be examined 
again or reconsidered. 

RE-EX-AM-IX-a'TION, n. A second examina- 
tion. 

Re-EX-aM'JXE, v. t. To examine again. 

Re-EX-CHaX6E', n. Renewed exchange ; in com- 
merce, the expense on a dishonored bill of ex- 
change or draft returned to where drawn or en- 
dorsed. 

RE-EX-PoRT', v. t. To export again ; to export 
what has been imported. 

Re-EX-PoRT', n. Any commodity exported again. 

Re-EX-PoR-Ta'TIOX, n. The act of exporting 
what has been imported. 

RE-FaSH'IOX (re-f ash'un), v. t To form or mold 
into shape again. 

RE-Fe€'TIOX, n. Refreshment or a spare meal, 
especially after hunger or fatigue. 

RE-Fe€'TiVE, a. Producing refreshment or tend- 
ing to restore. 

RE-Fe€ TiVE, n. That which refreshes. 

RE-Ffit"TO-RY, n. A place of refreshment; one, 



dove, wolf, book ; BULE, bull,; vi"cious.— € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en as su ; tuis. * Sot English. 



REF 



376 



EEF 



especially in convents and monasteries, where a 
moderate repast is taken. 

RE-FeR', v. t. or v. i. To direct, leave, or deliver 
over to another person or tribunal for informa- 
tion or decision ; to assign, as to a certain order, 
genus, or class ; to have relation ; to have re- 
spect to by intimation without naming. — Syn. To 
send ; leave to ; appeal ; recur ; respect ; allude. 

RfiF'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be referred. 

REF-ER-EE', n. One to whom a matter is referred : 
particularly, a person appointed by a court to ex- 
amine and decide a case pending before it, and 
make report to the court. See Judge. 

ReF'ER-ENCE, n. Act of referring ; hearing be- 
fore referees; view toward ; allusion to ; a small 
letter placed at the top of a line for alluding to a 
note ; a memorandum of a passage cited. 

REF-ER-eN'TIAL (-shal), a. That contains a 
reference or points to something out of itself. 

RE-FeR'RI-BLE, a. That may be referred. 

RE-FINE', v. t. or v. i. To clear from impurities , 
to improve in accuracy, delicacy, or any thing 
that constitutes excellence ; to become pure or 
clear from feculent matter. — Syn. To defecate ; 
clarify : purify , separate ; polish, &c. 

RE-FINUD' (-find'), a. Freed from extraneous 
matter, alloy, or impurities ; separated from what 
is coarse, rude, or improper. — Syn. Purified ; 
cleared; polished; polite. 

RE-FIN'ED-LY, ad. With affected nicety. 

RE-FIN'ED-NESS, n. State of being purified ; re- 
finement ; affected nicety. 

RF-FINE'MENT, n. The act of purifying or clear- 
ing from extraneous matter, &c. ; the state of be- 
ing pure ; polish of language ; purity of taste ; 
purity of heart ; polish of manners ; artificial 
practice ; affectation of nicety. — Syn. Purifica- 
tion; polish; politeness; gentility; courtliness; 
purity ; cultivation. 

RE-FIN'ER, n. He or that which refines. 

RE-FIN'ER-Y, n. A place and apparatus for refin- 
ing metals. 

RE-FIN'IXGr, n. The art or act of purifying any 
thing; the separation of metals from their ores, 
&c. ; the use of too much subtility ; great nicety 
of speculation. 

Re-FiT', v. t. To repair or restore after damage. 

Re-FiT'MENT, n. A second 'fitting out. 

RE-FLe€T', v. t. To throw back ; to cause to re- 
turn after striking upon any surface, as light; 
v. i. to throw back light, heat, &c. ; to bend back ; 
to throw or turn back the thoughts upon the past 
operations of the mind or past events; to consid- 
er attentively ; to bring reproach. — Syn. To 
think ; meditate ; contemplate ; ponder ; muse ; 
ruminate ; censure. 

RE-FLe€T'I-BLE, a. That may be reflected or 
thrown back. 

RE-FLe€T'ING, a. Throwing back light or heat, 
&c. ; given to reflection or serious consideration. 

RE-FLEC'TION, n. A turning back after strik- 
ing upon any surface ; act of throwing back ; that 
which is thrown back, &c. ; the operation of the 
mind by which it turns the thoughts back on it- 
self ; thought thrown back on itself or its ex- 
pression ; attentive consideration ; reproach cast. 
— Syn. Meditation ; contemplation ; cogitation ; 
musing; thinking; censure. 

RE-FL£€T'iVE, a. Throwing back ; considering 
things past, &c. 

RE-FLe€T'OR, n. One who reflects or considers ; 
a polished surface of metal for transmitting rays 
of light, heat, sound, &c. ; a part of a stove or 
fire-apparatus. 

Re'FLEX, a. Directed backward, as a reflex ac- 
tion ; designating the parts of a painting illumi- 
nated by light from another part of the same pic- 
ture. 

RE-FLEX-I-BiL'I-TY, n. The quality which fits 
for being reflected. 



RE-FLeXT-BLE, a. That may be thrown back. 

RE-FLeX'iVE, a. That respects something past. 

RE-FLeX'iVE-LY, ad. In a backward direction; 
_with a regard to censure or reproach. 

Re-FLO-ReS'CENCE, n. A blossoming again. 

ReF'LU-ENCE, ) a fl • u i 

REF'LU-EN-CY, I n - A flowin s back - 

ReF'LU-ENT, a. Flowing back, ebbing. 

Re'FLUX, n. A flowing back : ebb ; the returning 
of a fluid. 

Re-FO-MeNT', v. t. To foment again; to excite 
anew ; to warm or cherish again. 

RE-F6RM', v. t. or v. i. To change from bad to 
good, or from worse to better ; to bring back to a 
former good estate, or from a bad estate to a good 
one ; to abandon that which is evil, and return 
to a good state ; to form or create again ; to be 
amended. — Syn. To correct; mend; repair; bet- 
ter; restore; reclaim; amend, which see. 

RE- FORM', n. A changing for the better, or from 
what is defective or vicious, &c. — Syn. Amend- 
ment ; correction ; rectification ; improvement ; 
reformation, which see. 

REF-OR-Ma'TION, n. The act of forming anew; 
the act of changing for the better, as in life, man- 
ners, doctrine, &c. — Syn. Reform. — Reformation 
is a more thorough and comprehensive change 
than reform. It is applied to subjects that are 
more important, and results in changes which are 
more lasting. A reformation involves and is fol- 
lowed by many particular reforms. 

RE-FORM'A-TIVE, ) a. Forming again ; having 

RE-FORM'A-TO-RY,) the quality of renewing 
form; tending to promote or produce reforma- 
tion. 

RE-FORM'ER, n. One who effects a reformation 
or amendment ; one of those who commenced the 
reformation of religion from popery. 

RE-FORM'IST, n. One of the reformed religion; 
_one who proposes or favors reforms. 

Re-FOR'TI-Fy, v. t. To fortify again. 

RE-FOS'SION (-fosh'un), n. Act of digging up. 

RE-FRa€T\ v. t. To break the natural course of 
rays of light ; to cause to deviate from a direct 
course. 

RE-FRA€'TION, n. Deviation from a direct 
course on entering a medium of different densi- 
ty, as rays of light. 

RE-FRa€T'iVE, a. That has power to refract; 
pertaining to refraction. 

RE-FRa€T'0-RI-NESS, n. Sullen obstinacy; in 
metals, difficulty of fusion. 

RE-FRa€T'0-RY, a. Perverse in opposition ; dif- 
ficult to be managed; difficult of fusion, as met- 
als. — Syn. Obstinate ; contumacious; ungoverna- 
ble; stubborn; unyielding. 

REF'RA-GA-BLE or RE-FRag'A-BLE, a. That 
may be refuted or disproved ; refutable. 

RE-FRaIN', v. t. or v. i. To hold back ; to keep 
from action ; to keep one's self from action. — 
Syn. To abstain ; forbear. 

RE-FRaIN', n. The burden of a song or return 
to the first part. 

RE-FRaN-gI-BiL'I-TY, n. The disposition or 
quality in rays of light of being refracted or turn- 
ed from a direct course in passing out of one me- 
dium into another. 

RE-FRaN'gI-BLE, a. That may be refracted. 

RE-FReSH', v. t. or v. i. To make cool ; to give 
new strength, relief, animation, life, or improve- 
ment. — Syn. To revive; cheer; reanimate; .en- 
liven ; recreate. [vigorates, &c. 

RE-FReSH'ER, n. He or that which revives, in- 

RP:-FReSH'ING-, n. Relief after pain, want, or 
fatigue ; aid or enlivenment, &c. 

RE-FRESH'MENT, n. Act of refreshing; relief 
after suffering, fatigue, or want; that which 
gives fresh strength or vigor ; new life or anima- 
tion after depression. — Syn. Food ; rest; repose; 
quiet ; peace ; comfort ; sympathy, &c. 



a, I, &c., long. — a, £, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, ihrd; move, 



REF 



377 



REG 



RE-FRI6'ER-ANT, a. Having the quality or tend- 
ency to allay heat ; cooling; refreshing. 

RE-FRig'ER-ANT, n. A medicine that abates 
heat or cools. 

RE-FRig'ER-aTE, v. t. To allay or abate heat ; 
to cool ; to refresh. 

RE-FRig-ER-a'TION, n. Act of cooling ; abate- 
ment of heat ; state of being cooled. 

RE-FRig'ER-A-TiVE, n. A remedy that allays 
heat ; a. that tends to cool. 

RE-FRig'ER-a-TOR, n. An air-tight box for 
keeping articles cool by means of ice ; an appara- 
tus for rapid condensation of vapor, or cooling of 
liquids by cold water, &c. 

RE-FRig'ER-A-TO-RY, n. That which cools; a 
vessel for cooling and condensing vapors; any 
thing internally cooling. 

RE-FRig'ER-A-TO-RY, a. That mitigates heat. 

ReFT. n. A chink. See Rift. 

ReF'ugE, n. Protection or shelter from danger 
or distress; that which shelters or protects, &c. ; 
any place inaccessible to an enemy, or expedient 
to secure protection or defense. — Syn. Shelter; 
asylum; retreat; covert; stronghold. 

REF-u-gEE', n. One who flees for safety to a 
shelter, or to a foreign country or power for pro- 
tection. 

RE-FCL'gENCE, \ n. A flood of light; splen- 

RE-FuL'gEN-CYJ dor. 

RE-FuL'gEXT, a. Casting a bright light; very 
bright; splendid. 

RE-FuL'gENT-LY, ad. "With great brightness. 

RE-FuXD', v. t. To pay back.— Syn. Repay; re- 
store; return. 

RE-FuNDTNG, n. A returning of payment or 
compensation. 

RE-FC*'A-BLE (-fuz'a-bl), a. That may be re- 
fused. 

RE-Fu'SAL, a. The act of refusing or of denying 
any thing asked or offered ; right of first choice ; 
choice of taking or refusing. — Syn. Denial; re- 
jection; option; preference; pre-emption. 

RE-FUSE' (-fuze'), v. t. or v. i. To deny a request, 
&c. ; to decline to do, grant, or accept ; not to 
comply. 

REF'uSE (ruf'yuse), a. "Worthless; of no value; 
n. worthless remains; that which is rejected as 
useless. — Syn. Dregs; scum; dross; trash; sed- 
iment, [fuses. 

RE-FOS'ER (-fu'zer), n. One who rejects or re- 

RE-FuT'A-BLE, a. That may be refuted. 

REF-u-Ta'TION, n. Act or process of refuting, 
or of proving to be false or erroneous ; disproof; 
confutation. 

RE-FO'TA-TO-RY, a. That tends to refute. 

ItE-FuTE', v. t. To prove to be false or erroneous 
by argument, &c. — Syn. To disprove ; vanquish ; 
repel; confute, which see. 

RE-GaIN', v. t. To obtain again any thing lost 
or escaped, &c. — Syn. Recover ; repossess ; re- 
prieve ; reobtain ; reattain. 

RI'GAL, a. Pertaining to a king ; royal, as a re- 
gil title. See Kingly. 

RE GaLE', n. A magnificent entertainment. 

RE-SaLE', v. t. or v. i. To furnish something 
thit delights, charms, or pleases the senses or 
tase; to fare sumptuously. — Syn. To refresh; 
enttrtain ; gratify. 
RE-GtLE'MENT, n. Refreshment ; entertain- 
ment 
RE-Ga\LI-A, n. pi. Ensigns of royalty ; the ap- 
paratis of a coronation, as the crown, scepter, &c. 
RE-GAl'I-TY, n. The state of royalty; king- 
ship. 
Re'GAL^Y, ad. As befits a sovereign. — Syn. 

Royally kinglily; splendidly. 
RE-GaRD, v. t. To look toward; to observe or 
attend tc as worthy of notice, esteem, &c. ; to 
consider eriously ; to notice favorably ; to es- 
teem. — SV. To observe; heed; respect; value. 



RE-GaRD', n. Attention of the mind with inter- 
est ; that view of the mind which springs from 
estimable qualities or what excites admiration ; 
eminence ; matter demanding notice. — Syn. Con- 
sideration; care; concern; esteem; attachment; 
respect, which see. 

RE-GaRD'A-BLE, a. Worthy of notice. 

RE-GaRD'ANT, a. In heraldry, looking behind. 

RE-GaRD'ER, n. One who regards or observes. 

RE-GaRD'FUL, a. Taking notice; observing 
with care.— Syn. Mindful: heedful; observant; 
attentive. 

RE-GaRD'LESS, a. Not looking or attending to. 
— Syn. Inattentive ; heedless ; careless ; negli- 
gent ; indifferent. 

RE-GaRD'LESS-LY, ad. With want of due re- 
gard; heedlessly; carelessly. 

RE-GaRD'LESS-NESS, n. The state, tendency, 
or act of the mind in neglecting, slighting, &c. 
— Syn. Negligence; inattention; carelessness; 
heedlessness. 

RE-GATH'ER, v. t. To gather a second time. 

+RE-GaT'TA, n. lit.} A boat-race for prizes or 
amusement. 

Re'gEN-CY, n. Government by. or the state or 
condition of a regent; men intrusted with vicari- 
ous government; the district under the jurisdic- 
tion of a vicegerent. Lerated. 

RE-geN'ER-A-CY, n. The state of being regen- 

RE-geN'ER-aTE, v. t. To reproduce or make 
anew ; to form into a new or better state ; to re- 
new or change the heart by implanting holy affec- 
tions in it. — Syn. Renew; renovate; recreate. 

RE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. Born anew; changed from 
a natural to a spiritual state; born by grace. 

RE-geN'ER-ATE-NESS, m. The state or quality 
of being regenerated. 

RE-gEN-ER-a'TION, n. The new birth ; act of 
forming into a new and better state ; change of 
heart by the Holy Spirit from enmity to God to 
love and obedience. 

RE-g£N'ER-a-TIVE, a. Causing or tending to 
produce regeneration. 

Re'gENT, n. One who governs in the place of a 
king ; a ruler, 

Re'gENT, a. Ruling for another; exercising vi- 
carious authority. 

Re'gENT-SHIP, n. The power of governing or 
_the office of a_regent; deputed authority. 

Re-geR'MI-NaTE, v. i. To germinate again. 

Reg'I-CiDE, n. The killer or killing of a king. 

+RE-GIME' (ra-zheem'), n. [Fr.~\ Mode of living; 
government ; administration. 

RegT-MEN, n. The regulation of diet with a 
vieAV to the preservation of health ; any regula- 
tion or remedy gradually beneficial ; in gram- 
mar, that part of syntax which regulates the gov- 
ernment of words; the words governed. 

Reg'I-MENT, n. A body of troops, usually eight 
or ten companies, commanded by a colonel or 
lieutenant colonel. 

REg-I-MeNT'AL, a. Belonging to a regiment. 

REg-I-MeNT'ALS, n. pi The uniform of a regi- 
jnent ; more generally, military uniform. 

Re'gION (rc'jun), n. A tract of land or space, us- 
ually of considerable extent; the inhabitants of 
a country. — Syn. District ; country ; territory. 

Reg'IS-TER, n. The leading idea is that of mark- 
ing, and so of recording or regulating; hence, a 
book of records or the keeper thereof; a ■custom- 
house document identifying a vessel : the term is 
also applied to various contrivances in machin- 
ery, as the register of an organ, of a stove, &c. 
See List. 

Reg'IS-TER, v. t. To record ; to write in a book 
for preserving an exact account of facts and pro- 
ceedings; to enroll; to enter in a list. 

Rkg'IS-TER-SHIP, n. The office of a register. 

Reg'IS-TRAR, n. An officer who keeps public 
records ; the place where a record is kept. 



dove, wolf,ijook; eule, kijll; vF'cious. — € as k; g as j; s as z; cu as su ; this. * Not English. 



EEG 



378 



REJ 



REg-IS-TRa'TION, n. Act of registering. 

RegTS-TRY, n. A registering; facts recorded; 
the place where a register is kept ; a series of 
facts recorded. 

Re'gI-US PRO-FeSS'OR, n. A name given to in- 
cumbents of professorships established by royal 
bounty. 

ReG'LET,' n. A slip of metal ; a ledge of wood to 
separate lines in printing, and make the work 
more open, now generally called leads. 

ReG'NANT, a. Exercising regal authority, as 
queen regnant; reigning; prevalent. 

RE-GoRgE', v. t. To eject from the stomach; to 
swallow again ; to swallow eagerly. 

Re-GRaNT" (6), v. t. To grant back to a former 
owner. 

RE-GRaTE', v. t To forestall ; in masonry, to 
take off the surface of an old hewn stone and give 
it a fresh appearance. 

RE-GRaT'ER, n. One who buys or forestalls pro- 
visions at the market or fair. 

RE-GRaT'ING, n. The process of removing the 
outside of an old hewn stone to make it look new. 

Re'GRKSS, n. The act or power of returning; a 
passing back. 

RE-GReSS', v. i. To go back; to return to a for- 
mer place or state. 

RE-GReS'SION (-grSsh'un), n. Act of passing 
back. 

RE-GReSS'iVE, a. Passing back; returning. 

RE-GReT', n. Pain of mind at something un- 
toward ; sorrow for the past. — Syn. Remorse ; re- 
pentance. We do not now apply the word re- 
gret to that sorrow for the past which involves a 
sense of guilt; this belongs to remorse or repent- 
ance. We regret the loss or absence of friends, 
&c. ; but the word is now more commonly applied 
to the pain we feel for lost opportunities or for 
early follies, carelessness, &c. 

RE-GReT', v. t. To feel sorrow for ; to grieve at. 
— Syn. To lament; sorrow; repent; bewail; be- 
moan. 

RE-GR£T'FUL, a. Affected with regret. 

ReG'u-LAR, a. Conformed to rule; governed by 
rules ; steady or uniform in course or practice ; 
in geometry, noting a figure whose sides and an- 
gles are equal ; as applied to troops, permanent 
or of the standing army. — Syn. Established; me- 
thodical; orderly; periodical; uniform; normal, 
which see. 

ReG'u-LAR, n. A monk ; a permanent soldier. 

REG-u-LaRT-TY, n. Agreeableness to rule; es- 
tablished or certain order ; conformity to certain 
principles; steadiness in a course. — Syn. Order; 
method; exactness; steadiness. 

ReG'u-LAR-LY, ad. Methodically; statedly. 

ReG'u-LaTE, v. t. To adjust by rule; to subject 
to rules ; to put in order. — Syn. To dispose ; 
methodize ; arrange ; order ; rule ; govern. 

REG-u-La'TION, n. Act of adjusting by rule ; a 
prescribed rule or order. See Law. 

ReG'u-La-TiVE, a. Tending to regulate. 

ReG'u-La-TOR, n. One who regulates; in me- 
chanics, a contrivance to produce uniformity of 
motion or regulate it, as a watch spring, &c, 
called also governor. 

ReG'u-LIZE, v. t. To reduce to a pure metal; to 
separate from extraneous matter. 

ReG'u-LUS, n. In chemistry, pure metal ; in as- 
tronomy, a large star in Leo, called also the Li- 
on's heart. 

RE-GuR'gI-TaTE, v. t. or v. i. To throw or pour 
back ; to be poured back. 

RE-GuR-gI-Ta'TION, n. A pouring back;i the 
jict of swallowing back. 

Re-HeAR', v. t. To hear or try a second time. 

Re-He ART NG, n. A second hearing or trial. 

RE-HeARS'AL (13) (-hers'al), n. A telling or re- 
counting, as of particulars in detail ; recital of a 
piece before a public exhibition of it ; repetition 



of the words of another or of a written work, as 
the rehearsal of the Lord's Prayer. 

RE-HeARSE' (13) (-herse'), v. t. To tell in detail ; 
to repeat the words of another or of a passage; to 
give an oral account of events, &c. ; to repeat in 
private before public exhibition. — Syn. To recite ; 
recount; describe; narrate; tell; detail. 

ReI'GLE (re'gl), n. A cut or channel for a guide. 

REIGN (rane), v. i. To rule, as a king or emper- 
or ; to be predominant or hold sway. — Syn. Di- 
rect; govern; control; prevail. 

REIGN (rane), n. Royal authority or government ; 
controlling influence ; the time a sovere'gn's au- 
thority lasts. — Syn. Rule; empire; dominion; 
kingdom; power; influence; prevalence. 

REIGNTNG (rane-), a. Holding or exercising su- 
preme power; prevailing; governing. 

Re-IM-BC'RSE', v. t. To replace in a treasury or 
a private coffer; to repair loss or damage by re- 
payment. — Syn. Refund; repay; make up; re- 
store. 

RE-IM-BuRSE'MENT, n. Repayment; the act of 
repaying or refunding; reparation. 

RE-IM-BORS'ER, n. One who refunds or repays. 

REIN (rane), n. Strap of a bridle fastened to the 
curb or snaffle to restrain and govern the horse 

' by; any instrument of curbing or restraining. 

REIN (rane), v. t. To guide by reins; to restrain. 

REIN DEER (rane'deer), n. A species of deer in 
the north of Europe, Asia, and America. 

+Re iN-Fe€'TA. [L.] The thing not being done. 

Re-IN-FoROE'. See Re-enforce. 

REIN'LESS (rane'less), a. Without rein ; without 
restraint. — Syn. Uncurbed; uncontrolled; unre- 
strained; unchecked. 

Re-IN-LiST'. See Re-enlist. 

REINS (riinz), n. pi. The kidneys or lower part of 
the back; in Scripture, the inward parts; the 
heart, or seat of the affections and passions. 

Re-IN-SeRT' (13), v. t. To insert again. 

Re-IN-STALL', v. t. To install again. 

RE-IN-STALL'MENT, n. An installment a sec- 
ond time_. 

Re-IN-STaTE', v. t. To restore to a state or pos- 
session from which one had been removed. 

Re-IN-STaTE'MENT, n. The act of putting into 
a former state or of re-establishing. 

RE-IN-SOR'ANCE, n. Insurance of property al- 
ready insured. 

Re-IN-SORE', v. t. To insure a second time. 

Re-iN'TE-GRaTE. See Redintegrate. 

Re-IN-VEST', v. t. To invest anew. 

Re-IN-VEST'MENT, n. The act of investing 
janew ; a second investment. 

Re-IN-ViG'OR-aTE, v. t. To renew vigor in. 

+REIS EF-FeN'Di (reez ef-fGn'de), n. A Turkish 
minister of state. [time. 

Re-iS'SuE (re-ish'shu), v. t. To issue a secord 

Re-iS'SuE, n. The act of issuing a second turn ; 
_that which is issued again. 

Re-iT'ER-aTE, v. t. To go over again ; to dvell 
upon. — Syn. To repeat. — To repeat is to utter or 
express a second time; to reiterate is to repeat 
again and again, as '•' He was not satisfied ;vith 
repeating his declaration, but went on to reverate 
it in various forms." 

Re-IT-ER-a'TION, n. Act of frequent repetition ; 
repetition. 

RE-Je€T', v. t. To throw away as useless, &c. ; 
to cast off; to refuse to receive, grant, oraccept. 
— Syn. To discard; repel; slight; dismss; de- 
cline ; renounce, &c. 

RE-Je€T'A-BLE, a. That may be rejeced. 

RE-JE€T'ER, n. One who rejects or reuses. 

RE-Je€'TION (-jck'shun), n. Act of asting off ; 
refusal to receive or grant. — Syn. Jismission ; 
refusal; renunciation; forsaking; repdse; slight, 
&c. 

RE-JOICE', v. i. or v. t. To experiace joy and 
gladness in a high degree; to ma-e joyful; to 



1, e, &c, 



-A, E, &C, Short. — CAGE, FAB, LAST, FALL, WHAT ; THERE, TERM ; MARINJ BIRD ; MOVE, 



REJ 



379 



REL 



animate or to be exhilarated with pleasurable 
sensations.— Syn. To delight; exult; triumph; 
gladden ; exhilarate ; cheer. 

RE-JOIC'ING, n. Act of expressing joy ; the sub- 
ject of joy; the experience of joy. 

RE-JOIC'ING-LY, ad, With joy or exultation. 

RE-JOIN', v. t. or v. i. To join or meet again; to 
answer to a reply. 

RE-JOIN'DER, n. A reply to an answer; in law, 
the defendant's answer to the plaintiffs replica- 
tion. See Reply. 

RE-JOINT', v. t. To reunite joints; to fill up old 
joints of walls with fresh mortar. 

RE-JOINT'ING, n. The filling up with mortar 
Jthe old joints of stones in dilapidated buildings. 

Re-JuDgE', v. t. To judge again; to review. 

RE-JO'VEN-IZ™' } v - fe To render young again - 

RE-JU-VE-NE3'<JENCE, n. A renewing of youth; 
_the state of being young again. 

Re-KiN'DLE, v. t. To kindle or inflame again; 
to set on fire or rouse anew. 

RE-LAND', v. t. To land again ; to put on land 
what had been shipped or embarked. 

RE-LAPSE', v. i. To fall back ; to return to a for- 
mer state, practice, or error, or fall back from 
convalescence. — Syn. To backslide; decline. 

RE-LAPSE', n. A falling back ; return to vice or 
illness. 

RE-LaTE', v. t. To narrate, orally or in writing, 
the particulars of an event; to ally by connec- 
tion or kindred. — Syn. To tell; recite; rehearse; 
recount ; describe ; report ; detail. 

RE-LaTE', v. i. To have reference or respect. — 
Syn^ To regard ; refer to ; respect. 

RE-LaT'ER, n. One who recites or narrates. 

RE-La'TION, n. The act of telling or going over 
particulars; that which is told; connection be- 
tween things ; what one thing is in regard to an- 
other; conformity of parts to the whole and to 
each other; connection by birth, marriage, &c. — 
Syn. Recital; account; narration; tale; descrip- 
tion; detail; affinity; analogy; kindred; kins- 
man. 

RE-La'TION-AL, a. Having connection. 

RE-La'TION-SHIP, n. State of being related by 
kindred, affinity, or other alliance. 

REL'A-TlVE, a. Having relation ; respecting ; 
not absolute or existing by itself; incident to 
man in society, as relative rights and duties. 

REL'A-TiVE, n. One allied by blood ; that which 
has relation to something else ; relation ; in 
grammar, a word which relates to or represents 
another word, called its antecedent. 

REL'A-TIVE-LY, ad. In relation or respect to 
something else ; not absolutely. 

REL'A-TIVE-NESS, n. The having relation. 

RE-LaT'OR, n. One who, in laio, brings an infor- 
mation in the nature of a quo warranto. 

RE-LAX', v. t. or v. i. To make less tense, close, 
or firm, severe or rigorous ; to labor less ear- 
nestly; to relieve from close attention or from 
constipation ; to draw out or lay open ; to become 
more mild, less severe or attentive. — Syn. To 
slacken ; remit ; abate ; loosen ; mitigate ; ease ; 
divert; unbend. 

RE-LAX.' A-BLE, a. That may be remitted. 

RE-LAX-a'TION, n. The act of slackening ; ces- 
sation of restraint ; abatement ; remission of at- 
tention or application ; an opening or loosening. 

RE-LAX'A-TIVE, a. Tending or having the qual- 
ity to relax. 

RE-LAY' (-la'), n. Horses kept to relieve others 
and_prevent delay in travel. 

RE-LaY', v. t. To lay a second time. 

RE-LkAS'A-BLE (-leece'a-bl), a. That may be re- 
leased. 

RE-LeASE', v. t. To free from restraint, obliga- 
tion, or penalty; to quitclaim or relinquish a 
right to lands or tenements by conveying it to 



another. — Syn. To free; liberate; loose; dis- 
charge; acquit, &c. 

RE-LEASE', n. Liberation from restraint, care, 
or any burden ; a quitclaim ; discharge from ob- 
ligation or responsibility ; acquittance. See 
Death. 

RE-LeASE'MENT, n. Act of releasing from con- 
finement or obligation. 

RE-LEAS'ER, n. One who releases or dismisses. 

REL-E-Ga'T ION, n. Act of banishment. 

RE-LENT', v. i. To soften in temper; to become 
mild ; to feel compassion. 

RE-LENT'LESS, a. Unmoved by pity; insensible 
to the distress of others; destitute of tenderness. 
— Syn. Unpitying; implacable ; unmerciful ; pit- 
iless ; cruel. 

RE-LES-SEE', n. One to whom a release is made. 

RE-LES-SOR', n. One who executes a release. 

RE L'E- VANCE, \ n. The state of being relevant, 

REL'E-VAN-CY,| or of affording relief or aid. 
— Syn. Pertinence; applicableness ; fitness; pro- 
priety; appositeness. 

REL'E-VANT, a. Lending aid or support; having 
applicableness, as in an argument ; sufficient to 
support a cause. — Syn. Relieving; pertinent; fit; 
proper ; applicable ; suitable ; appropriate. 

RE-Li-A-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The state of being re- 

RE-Ll'A-BLE-NESS, j lied on. 

RE-LI'A-BLE, a. That may be relied on or trust- 
ed. 

RE-LI'ANCE, n. Rest or repose of the mind 
caused by full belief in one's veracity or integri- 
ty, or the certainty of a fact. — Syn. Trust ; de- 
pendence; confidence; faith, &c. 

REL'I€, n. That which remains or is left after 
decay or loss of the rest ; a dead body, remains, 
or something kept as an object of religious ven- 
eration, generally used in the plural, relics. 

REL'IGT, n. A woman whose husband is dead. 

RE-LIEF' (re-leef), n. Removal of evil of any 
kind that afflicts the body or mind ; that which 
mitigates or removes pain, &c. ; the release from 
some post of duty, as of a sentinel; the promi- 
nence of a figure above the ground or plane, as in 
sculpture. — Syn. Redress ; alleviation ; mitiga- 
tion ; succor ; aid, &c. 

RE-LIEV'A-BLE (leev'a-bl), a. That may be re- 
lieved. 

RE-LI EVE' (-leev'), v. t. To ease from pain or 
embarrassment; to alleviate or remove suffering; 
to release from any post or station ; to set free 
from any burden, &c. ; to abate inconvenience ; 
to afford aid ; in painting, to set off by contrast. 
—Syn. To aid ; help ; free ; lighten ; remedy ; re- 
dress. 

RE-LIeV'ER, n. One that relieves. 

+RE-LIe'VO (re-lee'vo), n. [i?.] Relief: promi- 
nence of a figure in statuary, &c. ; apparent prom- 
inence in painting. 

RE-Lig'ION (re-lid'jun), n. The performance of 
those duties which we owe to God ; a system of 
faith and worship.— Syn. Piety; sanctity— Relig- 
ion (from re and lego) is that high sense of moral 
obligation which binds the heart of man to the 
service of his Maker ; piety (from the Latin pietas) 
first expressed the feelings of a child toward a 
parent, and was hence used for that filial senti- 
ment of veneration and love which we owe to the 
Father of all ; sanctity denotes that purity of heart 
and life which springs from habitual communion 
with God and a sense of his continual presence. 

RE-LT6'I0N-ISM, n. The practice of religion; 
adherence to religion. 

RE-LiG'ION-IST, n. A bigot to any system of 
faith. 

RE-Lig'IOUS (-lid 'jus), a. Pertaining to religion ; 
devoted to or teaching religion ; containing the 
subjects or doctrines and precepts of religion ; 
characterized by exactness and strictness, en- 

I gaged by vows to a monastic life : appropriated 



dove, wolf, book; rule, bdll; vi"cious. — € asKj <i as j ; s as z; ch as sii ; this. f Not English. 



EEL 



380 



REM 



to the performance of sacred duties. — Syn. Pi- 
ous; godly; devout; holy; consecrated. 

RE-Lig'IOUS-LY (-lid'jus-ly), ad. With love and 
reverence to God; in obedience to the divine 
commands , with veneration, &c. — Syn. Piously; 
devoutly; sacredly; exactly; strictly. 

RE-Lig'IOUS-NESS, ft. The quality or state of 
being religious. 

RE-LiN'QUISH (re-link'wish), v. t. To withdraw 
from ; to give up claim to. — Syn. To quit ; for- 
sake; forego; renounce; abandon; also resign, 
which see. 

RE-Li'N'QUISH-ER, n. One who leaves, gives up, 
or quits, &c. 

RE-IAN'QUISH-MENT, n. The act of quitting 
or leaving; the renouncing a claim to, &c. 

ReL'I-QUA-RY, n. A small chest, box, or casket 
in which relics are kept. 

REL-i'QUE' (rel-eek'), n. A relic. See Relic. 

ReL'ISH, n. A pleasing taste; that sensation of 
the organs experienced when we take food or 
drink of an agreeable flavor; the faculty of per- 
ceiving excellence ; something taken to increase 
appetite. — Syn. Taste; flavor; zest; savor; de- 
light. 

ReL'ISH, v. t. or v. i. To give flavor; to like the 
taste of; to be gratified with the enjoyment or 
use of; to have a pleasant taste or flavor ; to give 
pleasure. 

ReL'ISH-A-BLE, a. That may be relished. 

Re-LoAN' (-lone'), v. t. To lend a second time. 

Rk-LuAN' (-lone'), n. A second loan. 

RE-LOC'TANCE, \ ft. Opposition or struggle of 

RE-Lu€'TAN-CY,j the mind, &c— Syn. Repug- 
nance; unwillingness; aversion, which see. 

RE-LC€'TANT, a. Striving against; opposed in 
heart ; proceeding from an unwilling mind ; 
granted with reluctance. — Syn. Unwilling; loth ; 
disinclined; backward; averse, which see. 

RE-Lu€'TANT-LY, ad. With unwillingness. 

EE-Lf>€'TATE, v. t. To resist; to struggle against. 

RE-LuME', \ v. t. To light or illuminate a sec- 

RE-Lu'MiNE,j ond time; to rekindle. 

RE-Lv', v. i. To rest on the veracity, integrity, or 
ability of a person, or on the certainty of facts; 
to confide in ; to depend on. — Syn. To repose ; 
trust; confide; depend. 

RE-MaIN', v, i. To be left after others have with- 
drawn ; to continue unchanged; to be left out; 
not to be forgotten or lost. — Syn. Abide; stay; 
last; endure; wait; rest, &c. 

RE-MaIN'DER, ft. That which is left after a part 
is taken away ; rest, as the remainder of the 
week ; in law, an estate which takes effect at the 
ending of another estate. — Syn. Balance. — We 
may speak of " the balance of an account ;" but to 
use this word for remainder, as " the balance of 
the week," "the balance of the company," &c, 
is a gross vulgarism, to be avoided by every one 
who does not mean to "smell of the shop." 

RE-MaINS* (re-manz'), ft. pi. What is left; a 
corpse.— Syn. Remnants; leavings; relics; resi- 
due^ rest. 

RF.-MaKE', v. t. To make anew. 

RE-MAXD' (6), v. t. To send or call back one sent. 

RE-MARK', ft. An observation or notice expressed 
in words or writing. — Syn. Note; comment; an- 
notation, &c. 

REM XRK', v. t. To mark or note in the mind ; to 
express in words or writing. — Syn. To observe ; 
notice. — To observe (from ob and servo) is to keep 
or hold a thing distinctly before the mind ; to re- 
mark is simply to mark or take note of whatev- 
er may come up ; to notice implies still less con- 
tinuity o.f attention. When we turn from these 
mental states to the expression of them in lan- 
guage, we find the same distinction. An observa- 
tion is properly the result of somewhat pro- 
longed thought; a remark is usually suggested 
by some passing occurrence ; a notice is in most 



cases something cursory and short. This distinc- 
tion is not, however, always observed as to re- 
mark and observe, which are often used inter- 
changeably. 

RE-MaRK'A-BLE, a. Worthy of notice ; that 
may excite admiration. — Syn. Observable ; no- 
ticeable; rare; strange; wonderful, &c. 

RE-MXRK'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of de- 
serving particular notice. 

RE-M aRK'A-BLY, ad. As unusual and deserving 
notice. 

RE-MXRK'ER, n. One who makes observations. 

RE-MK'DI-A-BLE, fit. That can be remedied.— 
Sy^ Curable ; healable ; sanable. 

RE-M*/DI-A-BLY, ad. So as to be curable. 

RE-Me'DI-AL, a. Affording a remedy; intend- 
ed for a remedy or the removal of an evil. — Syn. 
Curative: healing; sanative; sanitary. 

RE-MeD'I-LESS, a. Admitting no cure, change, 
recovery, or reparation. — Syn. Incurable; irre- 
mediable; irrecoverable; irreparable; desperate. 

RE-MeD'I-LESS-LY, ad. So as to preclude a cure. 

ReM'E-DY, ?i. That which is adapted to cure, or 
which cures a disease or an evil; that which 
counteracts an evil, or cures uneasiness, or re- 
pairs a loss or disaster. — Syn. Cure ; restorative ; 
redress; relief; aid; help. 

ReM'E-DY, v. t. To cure disease, or remove an 
evil, or repair a loss. — Syn. To heal ; redress ; 
relieve; help; aid; counteract, &c. 

RE-MEM'BER, v. t. To have in the mind an idea 
which has been there before, and recurs without 
effort; to preserve the memory of; to have or 
keep in mind. 

RE-MeM'BRANCE, n. The retaining of ideas in 
the mind; power of remembering ; limits of re- 
membering. — Syn. Recollection; memory, which 
see. 

RE-MfiM'BRANC-ER, ft. He or that which re- 
minds or calls to remembrance, as a gift. 

RE-MIND', v. t. To bring to remembrance or no- 
tice. 

RE-MIND'FUL, a. Careful to remind ; tending or 
adapted to remind. 

REM-I-NiS'CENCE, n. The faculty or act of re- 
calling to the mind ; recovery of ideas that had 
escaped from the memory ; a relation of what is 
recollected. See Memory. 

REM-I-NIS'CENT, ft. One who calls to mind and 
records past events. 

RE-MISE' (-mize'), v. t. To grant back 1A0 re- 
lease a claim ; to resign or surrender by ofced. 

RE-MISS', a. Not performing duty ; slow in com- 
plying with engagements or wholly neglecting 
them; not vigo? - ous. — Syn. Careless; dilatory; 
heedless; neglectful; slack; negligent. 

RE-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That may be remitted. 

RE-MlS'SlON (-mlsh'un), n. Act of remitting; 
temporary subsidence of the violence of disease 
or pain; diminution of intensity; relinquish- 
ment of a claim. — Syn. Pardon ; forgiveness ; 
abatement; release: discharge. 

RE-MISS'NESS, n. Want of ardor, vigor, care, or 
punctuality. — Syn. Slowness ; coldness ; slack- 
ness ; negligence ; inattention ; carelessness. 

RE-MIT', v. t. or v. i. Literally, to send back ; 
hence, to abate in violence ; to relax in intensity ; 
to surrender the right of punishing; to transmit 
money, &c, to some one at a distance. — Syn. To 
restore ; refer ; release ; forgive ; abate ; relax ; 
slacken. 

RE-MIT'MENT, ft. The act of remitting to custo- 
dy; forgiveness; pardon. 

RE-MIT'TAL, ?i. A giving back or surrendering 
up ; remission. 

RE-MIT'TANCE, ft. Act of transmitting to a dis- 
tance bills or money in payment; sum or thing 
transmitted. 

RE-MiT'TENT, a. Having alternate increase and 
remission, as a remittent fever. 



&c, long. — a, e, &c, short. ->-c i. re, far, last, fall, 



THERE, TERM : 



marlm:, i;i:;i> 



REM 



3S1 



REN 



RE-MiT'TER, n. One who remits; in law, res- 
toration to an ancient title when a later one proves 
defective. 

RfiM'NAXT, n. That which is left after the sep- 
aration, removal, or destruction of a part; that 
which remains after a part is done, told, passed, 
&c— Syn. Residue; rest; remainder. 

Rk-MOD'EL, v. t. To fashion anew. 

RE-MOLD', v. t. To mold or shape anew. 

RE-MON'STRANCE, n. Pressing suggestions or 
strong representations against a measure ; expos- 
tulatory counsel or advice. 

RE-MOX'STRAXT, n. One who remonstrates. 

RE-MoN'STRANT, a. Expostulatory ; urging 
. strong reasons against an act. 

RE-MOX'STRaTE, v. i. To urge reasons in op- 
position to a measure. — Syn. To expostulate. — 
We expostulate {lit, beg off) when we unite ar- 
gument and entreaty to dissuade some one from 
the course he has chosen ; when we remonstrate 
v j go farther, and show or set forth, in the stron- 
A gest terms, the danger or the guilt of his pursu- 
ing it. We remonstrate with a person, and 
against the course he has adopted. 
. RE-MON'STRa-TOR, n. One who remonstrates. 

RE-MOR'DEX-CY, n. Remorse; compunction. 

RE-MORSE', n. Keen pain or anguish excited by 
a sense of guilt; compunction of conscience. — 
Syn. Anguish; compunction; also regret, which 
see. 

RE-MORSE'FI*L, a. Full of compunction. 

RE-MORSE'LESS, a. Having no pity or compas- 
sion ^insensible to distress. — Syn. Unpitying; 
pitiless ; cruel ; savage. 

RE-MORSE'LESS-NESS, n. Savage cruelty; in- 
sensibility to distress. 

RE-MOTE', a. Distant in place, time, or quality ; 
not agreeing with; not proximate, as a cause. — 
Syn. Far; foreign; alien; primary; abstracted; 
slight ; inconsiderable. 

RE-MOTE'LY, ad. At a distance ; slightly. 

RE-MQTE'NESS, n. State of being distant in 
space, time, affinity, or efficiency, &c. 

RE-MOUNT', v. t. or v. i. To reascend; to mount 
ae-.in. 

RE-^MoV-A-BiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being re- 
moved. 

RE-Mo V'A-BLE (-moov'a-bl), a. That may be re- 
. moved from an office or station, or from one 
place to another. 

RE-MoVAL (-moov'al), n. The act of moving 
from a place, residence, or office ; the state of 
being removed ; change of place ; act of putting 
an end to or of putting away ; the end of life. — 
Syn. Dismission ; migration ; displacing ; depar- 
ture; death. 

RE-MoVE' (re-moov'), v. t. or v. i. To cause to 
change place ; to displace from an office ; to take 
from the present state of being; to take or put 
away; to change place in any manner; to go 
from one place or residence to another. — Syn. To 
displace; dismiss; depose; set aside; destroy; 
banish ; emigrate. 

RE-MoVE', n. The act of changing place ; change 
of place ; a step in the scale of gradation ; a dish 
to be changed while the rest remain. — Syn. Re- 
moval ; departure ; step ; space ; distance, &c. 

RE-MoV'ER, n. One who removes. 

RE-Mu'NER-A-BLE, a. That may be rewarded. 

RE-Mu'XER-aTE, v. t. To recompense for any 
act, expense, or sacrifice. — Syn. To reward; com- 
pensate; satisfy; requite. 

RE-MU-NER-a'TION, n. The act of paying an 
equivalent for services or sacrifices; the equiva- 
lent given for services, losses, &c. — Syn. Reward ; 
repayment ; requital ; compensation ; recom- 
pense. 

RE-Mu'NER-A-TiVE, T a. Tending to recom- 

RE-Mu'NER-A-TO-RY,f pense ; affording re- 
ward. 



Rk'NAL, a. Pertaining to the kidneys. 

REN'ARD,n. A fox, so called in fables; spelt also 
Reynard. 

RE-NaS'CENCE, 1 n. The state of springing or 

RE-N T AS'CEX-CY,f being produced again. 

RE-XAS'CEXT, a. Growing again ; reproduced. 

RE-NaS'CI-BLE, a. That may spring or grow 
again ; that may be reproduced. 

REX-€OUX'TER, n. A meeting in opposition ; a 
sudden or casual combat ; au engagement be- 
tween armies or fleets. — Syn. Fight ; collision ; 
conflict; combat; clash. 

REX~€OUX'TER, v. t. To meet unexpectedly 
without hostility; to attack hand to hand; v. i. 
to meet an enemy unexpectedly; to come in col- 
lision. — Syn. To encounter ; conflict ; clash ; 
skirmish ; engage ; battle. 

REND, v. t. Ipret. and pp. Rent.] To tear asun- 
der; to part with force or violence. — Syn. To 
split ; rupture ; lacerate ; burst ; fracture. 

ReN'DER, n. One who tears by violence. 

ReN'DER, v. t. To pay back; to inflict, as a ret- 
ribution ; to give on demand ; to make or cause 
to be ; to surrender or yield up; to give for use 
or benefit; to translate ; to boil down and clarify, 
as tallow. 

ReN'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be rendered. 

ReN'DER-ING, n. The transferring from one 
language to another; the laying the first coat of 
plaster on a brick wall ; the coat so laid on. 

REN'DEZ-VoUS (ren'de-voo), n. A place for as- 
sembling troops ; a place of meeting. 

ReN'DEZ-VoUS (ren'de-voo), v. t. or v. i. To as- 
semble at a particular place. 

REN-DI"TION (ren-dish'un), n. The act of yield- 
ing possession ; surrender; translation. 

ReN'E-GaDE, i n. An apostate from the faith; 

REX-E-Ga'DO, j one who deserts to the enemy. 
— Syn. A deserter; revolter; vagabond. 

RE-NERVE', v. t. To give new vigor to. 

RE-NEW (re-nu'), v. t. To make new; to begin 
again ; to restore to a former state or to a goo 1 
state ; to make vigorous ; to make again ; to grant 
a new loan. — Syn. To renovate ; transform ; re- 
pair ; rebuild : re-establish ; confirm ; revive ; re- 
peat, &c. 

RE-NEW'A-BLE (-nu'a-bl), a. That may be re- 
newed. 

RE-NEW'AL (-nu'al), n. The act of renewing or 
of forming anew ; restoration to a former or to a 
good state ; reloan on a new note given. 

RE-NEW'ED-LY, ad. Again ; once more. 

RE-NEWER, n. One who renovates. 

ReN'I-FORM, a. Having the shape of the kid- 
neys. 

RE-Ni'TENCE, ? n. Resistance to pressure; the 

RE-NI'TEN-CY,j effort of matter to resume the 
place from which it has been driven by impulse 
of other matter ; reluctance. 

RE-NI'TENT, a. Acting against impulse; resist- 
ing pressure or the effect of it. 

ReX'NET, n. The prepared stomach or concreted 
milk found in the stomach of a sucking quadru- 
ped, particularly of the calf. 

RE-NOUNCE', v. t. To refuse to own; to break 
off connection with. — Syn. To disown ; reject ; 
disclaim ; disavow ; deny ; abandon ; recant, 
which see. 

RE-NOUNCE'MENT, n. Act of disclaiming. 

RE-NOUNC'ER, n. One who rejects or disclaims. 

ReN'O-VaTE, v. t To restore to a good state; to 
make new, fresh, or vigorous. — Syn. To renew; 
regenerate ; recreate ; revive. 

REN-O-Va'TION, n. The act of renewing ; mak- 
ing new after decay, &c. ; a state of being re- 
newed. 

REN'O-Va-TOR, n. One who or that which re- 
news. 

RE-XOWN', n. Exalted reputation derived from 
the extensive praise of great achievements or ac- 



doye, wolf, uooii; ecle, dull; vi"cious. — e asK.; & as j; s as z; ch as sn; this. * Hot English. 



REN 



382 



REP 



complishments. — Syn. Fame; celebrity; reputa- 
tion ; glory. 

EE-NOWNi'D' (re-nound'), a. Celebrated for 
great achievements or distinguished qualities, as 
grandeur, scientific attainments. — Syn. Famed ; 
eminent; illustrious; glorious; remarkable; fa- 
mous, which see. 

RE-NOWN'ED-LY, ad. With fame or celebrity. 

RE-NOWN'LESS, a. Having no renown. 

RENT ipret. andpp. of Rend.] Torn asunder. 

RENT, n. An opening produced by rending and 
violent separation ; a sum of money issuing year- 
ly from lands or tenements. — Syn. Fissure ; 
breach; rupture; schism; fracture. 

ReNT, v. i. To be leased or let for rent. 

RENT, v. t. To lease or grant the use of lands and 
tenements for rent; to hire lands or tenements. 

ReNT'A-BLE, a. That may be rented. 

RkNT'AL, n. A schedule or account of rent. 

RENT'ER, n. One who leases or hires land, &c. 

ReNT'ER, v. t. To fine-draw ; to sew together the 
edges of two pieces of cloth without doubling 
them ; to foav up artfully. 

RfiNT'-RoLL, n. A list of rents; a rental. 

RE-NUN-CI-a'TION (-she-a'shun), n. Act of re- 
nouncing. — Syn. Disavowal; denying; disown- 
ing; rejection; disclaimer; relinquishment. 

Re-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. A second ordination. 

Re-OR-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. The act of organiz- 
ing anew. 

Re-oR'GAN-iZE, v. t. To organize a second time. 

Re-PaC'I-Fy, v. i. To pacify again. 

Re-PACK', v. t. To pack a second time. 

Re-PaCK'ER, n. One that repacks. 

RE-PAIR' (4), v. t. To restore to a sound state; to 
rebuild a decayed or destroyed part ; to make 
amends for a loss or injury. — Syn. To mend; re- 
fit ; renew ; recover ; retrieve ; recruit. 

RE-PAIR', v. i. To go to ; to betake one's self. 

RE-PAIR', n. Restoration to a sound or good state 
after decay, injury, waste, &c. 

EE-PAIR'A-BLE, a. That may be repaired, re- 
stored, retrieved, made good, or supplied. — Syn. 
Restorable ; retrievable ; recoverable. 

RE-PAIR'ER, n. One who mends or repairs. 

ReP'A-RA-BLE, a. That can be repaired. 

REP-A-Ra'TION, n. The act of repairing or re- 
storing to soundness or good state ; indemnifica- 
tion for loss or damage ; supply of what is want- 
ed. — Syn. Restoration; repair; restitution; com- 
pensation; amends. 

RE-PAR'A-TiVE, a. Having the power to make 
amends; restoring to a sound state; n. that 
which repairs and restores to a sound state. 

REP-AR-TEE', n. A smart, witty reply; retort, 
which see. 

Re-PASS' (6), v. t. or v. i. To pass again or pass 
back. 

RE-PAST', n. Act of eating or the food eaten. 

RE-PaY' (re-pa'), v. t. To pay back or to give an 
equivalent; to return or make requital. — Syn. 
To refund; restore; recompense; remunerate; 
requite; reimburse. 

RE-PaY'A-BLE (-pa'a-bl), a. That is to be repaid 
or refunded. 

Re-PaY'MENT, n. Act of repaying or refunding ; 
the money, &c, repaid. 

RE-PEAL' (re-peel'), v. t To make void. 

RE-PeAL' (re-peel'), n. To make void by an au- 
thoritative act. — Syn. To revoke. We revoke 
what has been declared or established ; properly 
speaking, a law is repealed only by a Legislature 
which has power to*do so. An edict or power of 
attorney is revoked, statutes are repealed. We 
speak of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 
and of the agitation which was so long carried 
on for the repeal of the Irish Union. 

RE-PeAL-A-BiLT-TY, \ n. The quality of be- 

RE-PeAL'A-BUC-NESSJ ing repealable. 

RE-PeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be repealed or 



revoked by the same power that enacted. — Syn. 
Revocable ; voidable ; reversible ; abrogable. 

RE-PEAL'ER, n. One who abrogates ; applied to 
one of a political party in Ireland who insists on 
the repeal of the union of Great Britain, &c. 

RE-PeAT' (re-peef), v. t. To make, do, or utter 
again ; to try again ; to quote or say from mem- 
ory.— Syn. To renew; recite; relate; rehearse; 
recapitulate ; reiterate, which see. 

RE-PeAT' (re-peef), n. In music, a mark di- 
recting a part to be repeated in the performance. 

RE-PeAT'ED, a. Recited; performed again. 

RE-PeAT'ED-LY, ad. Over and over ; frequently. 

RE-PeAT'ER, n. One who repeats, recites, or re- 
hearses; a watch that strikes the hour when a 
spring is touched. 

RE-PeL', v. i. To act with force in opposition to 
force impressed; v. t. to drive back; to oppose 
effectually. — Syn. To repulse; resist; rebuff. 

RE-PeL'LEN-CY, n. Quality that repels or resists 
approach ; the principle of repulsion. 

RE-PeL'LENT, n. That which repels or scatters. 

RE-PeL'LENT, a. Tending to repel. 

Re'PENT, a. Creeping, as a plant. 

RE-PeNT', v. i. To feel sorrow for something one 
has said or done ; to change the mind in view of 
past conduct ; as figuratively applied to God, to 
change the course' of providential dealings. 

RE-PENT', v. t. To remember with sorrow ; to be 
sorry for. 

RE-PeNT'ANCE, n. The act of repenting ; sor- 
row for sin and purpose to forsake it. — Syn. Pen- 
itence ; compunction ; contrition, also regret, 
which see. 

RE-PENT'ANT, a. Sorrowful or denoting sorrow 
for sin ; contrite ; n. one who repents ; a penitent. 

RE-PeNT'ER, n. One that repents. 

RE-P£NT'ING, n. Act of repentance. 

Re-PeO'PLE (pe'pl), v. t. To supply again with 
inhabitants. 

Re-PER-CuSS', v. t. To beat back. 

Re-PER-CuS'SION (-kush'un), n. Act of driving 
_back ; reverberation. 

Re-PER-€uS'SiVE, a. Driving or beating back; 
causing to reverberate. 

REP-ER-Ti"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Found. 

ReP'ER-TO-RY, n. A place where things may be 
found; a repository ; a treasury; a magazine. 

REP-E-TeND', n. The part of a repeating deci- 
mal that recurs continually. 

REP-E-TI"TION (tish'un), n. Act of repeating; 
iteration ; rehearsal. 

REP-E-TI"TION-ALJ a. Containing repetition; 

REP-E-Ti"TIOUS, f repeating. 

RE- PINE', v. i. To fret one's self; to be discon- 
tented ; to murmur. 

RE-PiN'ER, n. One that repines or murmurs. 

RE-PiN'ING-LY, a<L With murmuring; com- 
plainingly. 

RE-PLa(JE', v. t. To put again in its place; to 
repay; to furnish a substitute. 

RE-PLACE'MENT, n. Act of replacing. 

Re-PLANT', v. t. To plant a second time. 

Re-PLANT'A-BLE, a. That may be planted again. 

Re-PLAN-Ta'TION, n. Act of replanting. 

RE-PLeN'ISH, v. t. To fill up again; to supply 
with what is wanted ; to stock with abundance ; 
v. i. to recover former fullness. 

RE-PLeTE', a. Full ; completely filled. 

RE-PLe'TION (-ple'shun), n. Great fullness, es- 
pecially of blood ; plethora. 

RE-PLe'TiVE, a. Filling ; replenishing. 

RE-PLEV'I-A-BLE, a. That may be replevied. 

RE-PLeV'IN, n. A writ to recover cattle or goods 
that have been distrained. [be replevied. 

RE-PLeV'I-$a-BLE (-plCv'e-za-bl), a. That may 

RE-PLeV'Y, v. t. To take back by a writ cattle 
or goods that have been distrained on giving se- 
curity to deliver if the distraint be proved legal ; 
to bail. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, fah, east, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



REP 



383 



REP 



REP-LI-€a'TIOX, n. A reply of a plaintiff to the 
defendant's plea; response; rejoinder. 

RE-PLY', v. i. To answer or make return in words 
or writing; to make answer to a plea; to re- 
spond. 

RE-PL y', v. t. To return for an answer. 

RE-PL7', n. Something written or spoken by way 
of response. — Syn. Rejoinder; answer. — X reply 
is a distinct response to a formal question or at- 
tack ; a rejoinder is a second reply (a reply to a 
reply) in a protracted discussion or controversy. 
The word /inswer is used in two senses, viz., (1.), 
in the most general sense of a mere response, as 
the answer to a question, or, (2.) in the sense of a 
decisive and satisfactory confutation of an adver- 
sary's argument, as when we say that was a re- 
ply, but wis no answer. 

Re-PoL'ISH, v. t. To polish again. 

RE-PoRT', v. t. To bear or bring back, as an an- 
swer or an account of something; to give an ac- 
count of; to circulate publicly ; to make an offi- 
cial statement ; v. i. to make a statement of facts. 

RE-PoRT', n. Some account or statement brought 
back or spread abroad ; hence* an account of par- 
ticular proceedings, as of a lawsuit, legislative 
debates, &c. ; any story circulated ; common 
fame; also a loud noise, as of a gun. — Syn. Ac- 
count; story; relation; rumor. 

RE-PoRT'ER, n. One who reports ; one who states 
law proceedings, &c. 

RE-Po'$AL, n. Act of reposing; rest. 

RE-PoSE' (-poze'), v. t. To lay quietly or at rest ; 
to place, as in confidence ; to lay up. 

RE-PoSE', v. i. To lie in quiet ; to confide. 

RE-PoSE', n. State of being quiet or at rest ; in 
painting, harmony of effect, with nothing glaring 
or overstrained. — Syn. Sleep; quiet; tranquillity; 
<f rest, which see. 

RE-PoS'IT. (-poz'it), v. t. To lodge, as for pres- 
ervation or safety. 

Re-PO-Si"TION (-zish'un), n. Act of replacing. 

RE-P6$'I-TO-RY, n. A place for storing or lay- 
ing up things. — Syn. Depository; storehouse; re- 
pertory, [again. 

Re-POS-S£3S' or Re-PO$-$eSS', v. t. To possess 

Re-POS-SeS'SIOX (-pos-sSsh'un or -poz-zesh'un), 
n. The act or state of possessing again. 

REP-RE-HeXD', v. t. To administer reproof; to 
chide; to blame. 

REP-RE-HeXD'£R, n. One that blames or re- 
proves. 

REP-RE-HeN'SI-BLE, a, Worthy of reprehen- 
sion. — Syn. Blamable ; censurable; culpable. 

REP-RE-HeX'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness. 

REP-RE-HeX'SI-BLY, a. In a manner to deserve 
censure ; culpably. 

REP-RE-HeX'SIOX (-hSn'shun), n. Open re- 
proof ; blame ; censure. 

REP-RE-HeX'SiYE. "> ~ . . . 

REP-RE-HeX'SO-RY, / a - Containing reproof. 

REP-RE-SEXT', v. t. To show or exhibit as if 
present; hence, to personate; to describe or ex- 
hibit to the mind ; to act or stand in the place of. 

REP-RE-SeXT'A-BLE, a. That may be repre- 
sented or described. 

REP-RE-SEX-Ta'TIOX, n. The act of represent- 
ing; that which exhibits by resemblance; ex- 
hibition by imitative actions, &c. ; verbal descrip- 
tion ; the business of acting as a substitute for an- 
other ; body of representatives. 

REP-RE-SeXT'A-TiYE, a. Exhibiting likeness 
or characteristic traits ; bearing the authority of 
another. 

REP-RE-$fiXT'A-TiYE, n. That which is pres- 
ent in place of another ; one acting for another. 
— Syn. Deputy ; delegate ; agent ; substitute. 

REP-RE-S£XT'ER, n. One who represents. 

REP-RE-SeXT'MEXT, n. Representation ; an 
id»a proposed, as exhibiting the likeness of some- 
thing. 



RE-PReSS', v. t. To press or force back ; hence, to 
crush ; to subdue ; to restraiu, as to repress sedi- 
tion ; to check. 

RE-PReSS'ER, n. One that crushes or subdues. 

RE-PReS'SIOX (-prosh'un.) , n. Act of checking or 
subduing. 

RE-PReSS'iVE. a. Tending to repress. 

RE-PReSS'iVE-LY, ad. So as to repress. 

RE-PRIeVE' (re-preev'), v. t. To respite for a 
time ; Jo respite after sentence of death. 

RE-PRIeVE', n. Respite after sentence; delay 
of punishment ; interval of ease or relief. 

ReP'RI-MAXD, n. Severe reproof for a fault; 
reprehension. See Repkoof. 

ReP'RI-MAXD, v. t. To administer severe re- 
proof; to reprove, publicly and officially, in ex- 
ecution of a sentence. — Syn. To reprehend ; re- 
buke ; chide ; censure ; admonish, which see. 

RE-PRiXT', v. t. To print a new edition of a 
_book ; to renew the impression of any thing. 

Re'PRIXT, n. A second or new impression. 

RE-PRi'SAL (-pri'zal), n. Seizure by way of rec- 
ompense or retaliation ; that which is taken from 
an enemy to indemnify an owner for something 
of his; the retaking of one's own; pi. deduc- 
tions out of the value of lands, as quit-charges, 
&c. 

RE-PRoACH,' v. t. To censure in terms of con- 
tempt; to charge with a fault in severe lan- 
guage; to treat with contempt or scorn. — Syn. 
To upbraid; blame; vilify; revile. 

RE-PRoACH', n. Opprobrious censure ; object of 
scorn or derision ; cause of shame ; disgrace. 

RE-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. Deserving reproach. 

RE-PRoACH'FUL, a. Expressing or bringing re- 
proach ; opprobrious ; abusive ; shameful. 

RE-PRoACH'FUL-LY, ad. In terms of reproach ; 
shamefully. 

REP'RO-BaTE, n. One abandoned to sin or lost 
to virtue._ 

ReP'RO-BaTE, a. Not enduring proof or trial ; 
hence, rejected ; lost to virtue : in sin or aposta- 
sy -. abandoned, which see. 

ReP'RO-BaTE, v. t. To disapprove with detesta- 
tion ; to abandon, as to wickedness or destruc- 
tion. — Syn. To disapprove ; disallow; reject; de- 
test. 

ReP'RO-BaTE-XESS, n. A being reprobate. 

ReP'RO-Ba-TER, n. One that reprobates. 

REP-RO-Ba'TIOX (-ba'shun), n. Act of disallow- 
ing Avith detestation or extreme dislike; rejec- 
tion ; condemnation. 

Re-PRO-DCCE', v. t. To produce anew; to renew 
_the production of a thing destroyed. 

Re-PRO-DOC'ER, n. One who or that which re- 
produces. 

RE-PRO-Dl€'TIOX t , n. The process or act of re- 
producing that Avhich has been destroyed ; thing 
Reproduced. 

Re-PRO-Du€'TiYE, a. Pertaining to or used in 
reproduction. 

RE-PRO-MuL'GaTE, v. t. To promulgate anew. 

RE-PROOF', n. Censure or blame expressed to 
the face ; reprehension. 

RE-PRoV'A-BLE (-proov'a-bl), a. Worthy of re- 
proof. 

RE-PRoV'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being re- 
provable. 

RE-PRoV'A-BLY, ad. In a reprovable manner. 

RE-PRoYE' (re-proov'), v. t. To charge with a 
fault to the face ; to censure or blame in general. 
— Syn. To rebuke; reprimand. — These words all 
signify the expression of disapprobation. To re- 
prove implies greater calmness and self-posses- 
sion ; to rebuke implies a more excited and per- 
sonal feeling. A reproof may be administered 
long after the offense is committed, and is usual- 
ly intended for the reformation of the offender; 
a rebuke is commonly given at the moment of the 
wrong, and is administered by way of punish- 



ed vr., nyoi.f, hook; ECJLE, .bcll; vi"cious. — € as k ; (i as j ; 5 as z; ("11 as an; suia "** -W Enyiish. 



REP 



384 



RES 



merit and condemnation. A reprimand proceeds 
from a person invested with authority, and is al- 
ways a formal and official act. 

RE-PRoVEK (-proov'er), n. One who reproves 
or blames. 

REP'TiLE, a. Having a nature to creep ; mean ; 
groveling. 

EeP'TiLE (rop'til), n. A creeping animal ; in 
zoology, reptiles are animals, cold-blooded, verte- 
brated, and breathing air; a low, groveling, or 
mean person. 

REP-TiLT-AN, a. Belonging to reptiles. 

RE-PlB'LIO, n. A state in which the sovereign 
power is lodged in representatives elected by the 
citizens ; a commonwealth. Republic of letters, 
the collective body of learned men. 

RE-PuB'LI€-AN, a. Relating to a republic ; con- 
sonant to the principles of a republic. 

RE-PC'B'LI€-AN, n. One who prefers a republic. 

RE-POB'LIG-AN-ISM, n. System of republican 
government or attachment to republican princi- 
ples. 

RE-POB'LI€-AN-iZE, v. t. To convert to repub- 
lican principles. 

Re-PUB-LI-€a'TION, n. A second or new publi- 
cation of something before published. 

Re-PuB'LISH, v. t. To publish again ; to publish 
a new edition of a work before published. 

RE-PuB'LISH-ER, n. One who republishes. 

RE-Pu'DI-A-BLE, a. That may be rejected ; fit 
or proper _to be put away. 

RE-Pu'DI-aTE, v. t. To put away; to divorce ; to 
disown or refuse to acknowledge. 

RE-PU-DI-a'TION, n. A putting away or di- 
vorcing; rejection; the refusal of a state to pay 
its debts. 

RE-PC'DI-a-TOR, n. One who repudiates. 

RE-PuG'NANCE, I n. Strong opposition of mind 

RE-PuG'NAN-CY, j or feelings ; contrariety of 
qualities. — Syn. Reluctance; unwillingness; dis- 
like ; aversion, which see. 

RE-PfjG'NANT, a. Being opposed to; contrary; 
inconsistent. 

RE-PuG'NANT-LY, ad. With opposition ; in con- 
tradiction ; with great reluctance. 

RE-PuLSE', n. A being checked in advancing, or 
driven back by force; refusal; denial. 

RE-PuLSE', v. t. To drive back ; to repel. 

RE-PuL'SION (-pul'shun), n. The act or power 
of repelling or resisting approach. 

RE-POL'SiVE, a. Adapted to repel; forbidding; 
driving off or keeping from approach; cold. 

RE-POL'SiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being re- 
pulsive or forbidding. 

RE-PuL'SO-RY, a. Having power to repel ; re- 
jelling ; beating back. 

Re-PuR'CHASE, v. t. To buy again to regain by 
purchase. 

ReP'u-TA-BLE, a. Of good repute; consistent 
with good reputation. — Syn. Creditable ; respect- 
able ; honorable. 

REP'u-TA-BLY, ad. With repute ; without dis- 
credit. _ 

REP-u-Ta'TION, n. Distinctively, character de- 
rived from a favorable public opinion ; good 
name . also, character by report, in a good or bad 
sense. 

RE-PuTE', v. t. To hold in estimation ; to think ; 
to reckon ; to account. 

RE-PuTE', n. Reputation ; character in public es- 
teem ; without qualification, good character; es- 
tablished opinion. 

RE-QUEST", n. Expression of desire for some- 
thing ; state of being desired ; an asking. — Syn. 
Petition: entreaty; prayer; demand. 

RE-QUEST', v. t. To express desire for or to ; to 
jisk ; to solicit. See Desire. 

Re'QUI-EM, n. A hymn imploring rest for the 
dead ; also, a grand musical composition per- 
formed in honor of some dead person. 



RE-QUIR'A-BLE, a. That may be required. 

RE-QUIRE', v. t. To ask, as of right ; to demand ; 
to make necessary. 

RE-QUIRE'MENT, n. Demand; requisition. 

ReQ'UI-SiTE (rek'we-zit),.a. Necessary in the 
nature of things ; not to be dispensed with. 

ReQ'UI-SiTE (rek'we-zit), n. That which is nec- 
essary; something indispensable. 

ReQ'UI-SiTE-NESS (rek'we-zit-), n. Necessity; 
the state of being requisite. 

REQ-TjT-Si"TION (rek-we-zish'un), n. Act of re- 
quiring ; demand made for something as of right. 

RE-QUIS'I-TlVE (-kwiz'e-tiv), a. Implying de- 
mand. 

RE-QUi'TAL, n. Return for any act or office, good 
or bad. — Syn. Return ; retribution ; retaliation. 

RE-QUITE', v. t. To repay either good or evil; to 
recompense ; to retaliate ; to do or give in re- 
turn. 

ReRE'WARD, n. The part of an army that 
marches in the rear, as the guard ; the rear- 
guard. 

RE-SaIL', v. t. or v. i. To sail back. 

Re-SaLE', n. A second sale ; a sale at second- 
hand. 

RE-SCiND', v. t. Literally, to cut off; hence, to 
abrogate or revoke, as a law, decree, &c. 

RE-S<Jl$'$ION (re-sizh'un), n. Act of rescinding. 

RE-SCIS'SO-RY (-siz'zur-ry),a. Having power to 
^;ut off or annul. 

Re'S€RIPT, n. An edict or answer of an emperor. 

RE-S€RIP'TION, n. A writing back ; the answer- 
ing of a letter. 

ReS'OuE (res'ku), v. t. To deliver from confine- 
ment or danger; to liberate from actual restraint, 
or to remove or withdraw from a 6tate of expo- 
sure^ 

RES'GuE, n. Deliverance from arrest or danger. 

RES'€u-ER, n. One that rescues or retakes. 

RE-SeARCH' (re-serch'), n. Laborious or contin- 
ued search after truth ; investigation. 

Re-SeARCH' (-serch'), V. t. To examine again ; 
_to search diligently. 

Re-SeAT', v. t. To seat or place again. 

Re-SeIZE' (-seez'), v. t. To seize again; to seize 
a second time ; in law, to take possession of lands 
and tenements which have been disseized. 

Re-SeIZ'URE (-se'zhur), n. A second seizure ; 
_the act of seizing again. 

Re-SeLL', v. t. [pret. and pp. Resold.] To sell 
again ; to sell what has been bought or sold. 

RE-SeM'BLANCE (-zSm'blance), n. The state of 
being like; similitude either of external form or 
of qualities ; something similar. — Syn. Likeness; 
representation ; similarity. 

RE-SeM'BLE, v. t. To have the likeness of; to 
liken. 

RE-SeNT', v. t. To take ill ; to be in some degree 
angry at; to consider as an injury or affront. 

RE-SENT'FUL, a. Apt to resent ; easily provoked. 

RE-SeNT'iVE, a. Easily provoked or irritated ; 
quick to feel an injury or affront. 

RE-$£NT'MENT, n. Anger excited by a sense of 
injury. — Syn. Anger. — Resentment, etymologic- 
ally, is that re-sentiment or reaction of mind 
which we instinctively feel when we think our- 
selves wronged. Pride and selfishness are apt to 
aggravate this feeling until it changes into a 
criminal animosity, and this is now the move 
common signification of the term. Being found- 
ed in a sense of injur} 7 , this feeling is hard to be 
removed, and hence the expressions bitter or im- 
placable resentment. 

RES-ER-Va'TION, n. Act of reserving or keep- 
ing back ; something withheld ; a tract of land 
reserved ; concealment or withholding from dis- 
closure ; a proviso. 

RE-SeRV'A-TO-RY (13), n. A place for preserv- 
ing things or in which they are kept. 

RE-SeRVE', n. That which is kept back from 



A, e, &c, long.— 1, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



RES 



385 



RES 



present use or for an exigency; something with- 
held from disclosure ; habit of keeping thoughts 
or feelings to one's self; caution in behavior; 
reservation ; exception ; backwardness. In re- 
serve, in store. 

RE-SeRVE', v. t. To keep back or in one's own 
power ; to retain in store for other or future use. 
— Sra To withhold ; retain ; keep. 

RE-SERY.FD' (rc-zervd'), a. Backward in con- 
versation ; not free ; cold. 

RE-SfeRV'ED-LY. ad. With reserve ; cautiously. 

RE-SeRY'ED-XESS, ft. Want of frankness ; back- 
wardness. 

RES-ER-YOIR' (rez-er-w.-Mi-'), ft. IFr.] A place 
where something is kept in store, as water for 
fountains or other uses ; a cistern ; a basin. 

RK-SST', v. t. To set again, as a jewel or a plant. 

Re-SeT'TLE, v. t. or v. i. To settle a second 
_tirHe. 

Re-SeT'TLE-MEXT, n. Act of composing or set- 
tling again; the state of settling or subsiding 
again ; a second settlement in the ministry. 

RE-SHIP', v. t. To ship what has been imported. 

Re-SHiP'MEXT, a. Re-exportation; the act of 
shipping a second time ; that which is reshipped. 

RE-SIDE' (-zlde'), v. i. Literally, to settle, as in 
a seat; hence, to have a settled abode for some 
time or permanently. — Syn. To dwell ; abide ; 
sojourn. 

ReS'I-DENCE, \ n. A place of abode; abode; 

ReST-DEN-CY.) the act of abiding or dwelling 
in a place for some continuance of time. 

ReS'I-DEXT, a. Having an abode in a place for 
a continuance of time, but not definite ; dwelling; 
living. 

R£.*'I-DEXT, n. One who dwells or resides in a 
place for some time; a public minister at a for- 
eign court. 

RE*-I-DfiX'TIAL (-den'shal), a. Residing. 

RES-I-DfiN'TIA-RY, a. Having residence ; n. an 
ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence. 

RE-.?ID'u-AL (-zld'yu-al), a. Left after a part is 
taken. _ 

RE-SID'u-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the residue or 
part remaining. A residuary legatee, the legatee 
to whom is bequeathed the part of an estate 
which remains after the debts and legacies are 
paid. 

Re$'I-DuE (rez'e-du), ft. Remainder; that which 
is left. _ 

RE-StD'n-UM, n. Residue ; that which remains, 
as after some process in chemistry or the arts. 

RE-$lG-X' (re-zlne'), v. t. To give up in a formal 
manner, as an office or commission; to yield or 
submit. — Syn. To relinquish. — To resign (from 
re and signo) is to give up, as if breaking a seal 
and yielding all it had secured; hence, it marks 
a formal and deliberate surrendery. To relin- 
quish is less formal, but always implies that the 
thing given up has been long an object of pursuit, 
jind, usually, that it has been prized and desired. 

Re'SIG-X (-sine), v. t. To sign again. 

RE$-IG--Xa'TIOX, n. A resigning or formal giv- 
ing up, as a claim or office ; quiet submission to 
the will of Providence ; unresisting acquiescence ; 
surrender; relinquishment. See Patience. 

RE-SlGX'ED-LY, ad. With submission. 

RE-#iL'I-EXCE, { n. A leaping back orrebound- 

RE-$iLT-EX-CY,j ing; recoil, as the tesilience 
of a ball. 

RE-SiL'I-ENT (-zil'e-ent), a. Leaping back; re- 
bounding. 

RE$-I-LI"TION (-lish'un), ft. A springing back. 

ReS'IN (rez'in), n. An inflammable substance 
which exudes from trees and becomes hard. 

RE$-IN-iF'ER-OUS, a. Producing resin. 

Re$'IN-OUS (rez'in-us), a. Containing or like 
resin. 

RE-$iST' (-z:st'), v. t. Literally, to stand against ; 
hence, to act in opposition to ; to endeavor to 



counteract, defeat, or frustrate. — Syn\ To with- 
stand ; oppose. 

RE-SiST'AXCE (-zist'-), n. Act of resisting : qual- 
ity of not yielding to a force, or of opposing the 
action or passage of any thing ; opposition. 

RE-SiST'ANT, n. He or that which resists. 

RE-SIST-I-BIL'I-TY, ft. The quality of resisting. 

RE-*IST'I-BLE (-zist'-), a. That may be resisted. 

RE-SIST'lVE (-zist'-). a. Having power to resist 

RE-SiST'LESS (-zist'-), a. That can not be with- 
stood ; irresistible; that can not resist; helpless. 

RE-SIST'LESS-XESS, ft. State of being irresisti- 
ble. 

RES'O-LU-BLE (rcz'-), a. That may be dissolved ; 
resolvable. 

ReS'O-LuTE (rcz'-), a. Firm to one's purpose, 
constant in pursuing a purpose. — Sy>*. Bold; 
firm; determined; steady. 

RES'O-LuTE-LY, ad. With steady courage or 
perseverance; boldly; firmly; steadily. 

RES'O-LuTE-XESS, n. Fixed determination or 
purpose ; unshaken firmness. 

RES-O-Lu'TION, n. The act of resolving or proc- 
ess of analyzing or unfolding something com- 
plex or difficult, as of a problem or a compound ; 
determination of mind; fixed purpose; formal 
declaration passed by a public body or offered for 
determination. — Sy>*. Firmness; constancy; de- 
termination, which see. 

RE-SoLV'A-BLE (-zulv'a-bl), a. That may be re- 
solved. 

RE-SoLYE' (-zolv'), v. t. or v. i. To separate things 
combined or near together; to unfold or disen- 
tangle any thing difficult or complex; to clear 
of doubt ; to analyze ; to dissolve ; to determine 
in mind ; to determine by resolution or vote ; to 
settle in an opinion. 

RE-S6LVE' (-zclv'), ft. A resolution; determina- 
tion. 

RE-SoLY'ED-XESS (-zolv'ed-ness), ft. Fixedness 
of purpose. 

RE-SOLV'EXT (-zolv'-), ft. That which causes 
solution; in medicine, that which has power to 
prevent the suppuration of humors. 

RE-S5LY'ER (-zolv'-), ft. One that resolves or 
forms a firm purpose. 

ReS'O-XAXOE, n. A returning of sound ; rever- 
beration. 

ReS'O-NANT, a. Resounding ; returning sound. 

RE-SoRB'ENT, a. Swallowing up ; imbibing. 

RE-SORT' (re-zortO, V. i. To have recourse; to 
apply ; to repair. 

RE-S6RT' (re-zortO ft. Act of going or having re- 
course ; place of habitual assembling ; concourse ; 
act of visiting. Last resort, ultimate means of 
relief. 

RE-SoRT'ER, ft. One that resorts or frequents. 

RE-SOUND' (re-zound'), v. t. To send back sound ; 
to echo; to sound; to celebrate or praise with 
the voice or instruments; to spread the fame o 4 '; 
v. i. to be echoed; to be sent back, as sound; to 
be much and loudly mentioned: to reverberate. 

RE-SOUND', v. t. To sound again. 

RE-SuURCE' (-sorce'), ft. Source of aid or sup- 
port; an expedient to which a person may resort 
for aid. Resources, in the plural, pecuniary 
means ; funds ; means of raising money or sup- 
plies. 

RE-SPeCT', v. t To regard or have regard or re- 
lation to ; to view with some degree of rever- 
ence. — Syn. To esteem ; honor ; revere. 

RE-SPe€T', n. Regard to worth ; esteem ; honor. 
In respect to (not of) is now the expression used. 
— Syn. Regard. — The phrases in respect to and in 
regard to may, in most or all cases, be inter- 
changed for the sake of variety. Some have en- 
deavored to introduce the expression " in that re- 
gard," corresponding to "in that respect," but 
this has not been sanctioned by general usage. 
See also Deference. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; EULE, BULL, J YI 'clOUS. — i 



as k; 
Bii 



as t ; a as z ; en as sn ; this. * Sot English. 



RES 



386 



RES 



RE-SPECT-A-Bil/I-TY, n. The quality of de- 
serving respect. , 

RE-SRe€T'A-BLE, a. Worthy of respect; in 
popular language, noting a moderate degree of 
excellence. 

RE-SPe€T"A-BLE-NESS, n. Respectability. 

RE-SPe€T"A-BLY, ad. So as to merit respect; 
moderately, but in a manner not to be despised. 

RE-SPe€T'ER, n. One who respects; one who is 
partial in his regards. 

RE-SPe€T'FUL, a. Marked by respect. 

RE-SPe€T'FUL-LY, ad. With respect; in a 
manner comporting with due estimation. 

RE-SPfiCT'FUL-NESS, n. Quality of being re- 
spectful. 

RE-SPeCT'iVE, a. Having relation to ; particu- 
lar; relative; not absolute. 

RE-SPeCT'iVE-LY, ad. As relating to each; 
particularly; not absolutely; relatively. 

RE-SPIR'A-BLE, a. That may be breathed. 

RES-PI-Ra'TION, n. Act of breathing. 

RES-Pf RA-TO-RY, a. Serving for respiration. 

RE-SPIRE', v. i. To inhale air into the lungs and 
exhale it; to take breath; to breathe; to rest; 
v. t. to exhale; to breathe out; to send out in 
exhalations. 

ReS'PiTE (r:s'pit), n. Temporary suspension or 
delay, as of labor or punishment ; interval of 
rest; reprieve. 

ReS'PiTE (res'pit), v. t. To relieve by an inter- 
val of rest ; to suspend or delay for a time, as 
the execution of a sentence, &c. 

RE-SPLeN'DENCE, > n. Brilliant luster ; 

RE-SPLEN'DEN-CY,f brightness. 

RE-SPLeN'DENT, a. Shining with brilliant lus- 
ter; bright; very splendid. 

RE-SPLEN'DENT-LY, ad. With great bright- 
ness; with brilliant luster. 

RE-SP6ND', v. i. To return an answer; to reply; 
to correspond ; to suit ; to be answerable. 

RE-SPoND', v. t. To answer; to satisfy by pay- 
ment. 

RE-SPoND', n. A short anthem interrupting the 
reading of a chapter, which is not proceeded with 
till the anthem is finished. 

RE-SPoND'ENT, a. Answering demand or ex- 
pectation. 

RE-SPoND'EXT, n. One who answers in a suit; 
one who responds or replies in a disputation. 

RE-SPoN'SAL, n. Response; answer. 

RE-SP6NSE', n. An answer or reply; the an- 
swer of the congregation to the priest in the lit- 
any, &c. 

RE-SPON-SI-BiL'I-TY, \ n. The state of being 

RE-SP6N'SI-BLE-NESS,j accountable; liabili- 
ty to answer or pay; ability to pay; means of 
paying contracts. 

RE-SP6N'SI-BLE, a. Liable to account ; liable or 
able to discharge pecuniary obligations. — Syn. 
Accountable; answerable. 

RE-SPON'SlVE, a. Making reply; suiting some- 
thing; corresponding. 

RE-SPoN'SiVE-LY, ad. In a responsive manner. 

RE-SPoN'SO-RY, a. Containing an answer. 

ReST, n. Cessation of action or disturbance; 
hence, quiet, peace, sleep ; a place of repose ; a 
support, or that on which something rests; in 
philosophy, the continuance of a body in the 
same place; in music, a pause. — Syn. Repose. — 
Rest is a ceasing fjom labor or exertion ; repose 
is a mode of doing it which gives relief and re- 
freshment after toil and labor. We may rest in 
a standing posture. We usually repose in a re- 
clining one. 

RkST, n. That which is left; remainder; others. 

REST, v. t. To lay at rest; to quiet; to place, as 
; on a support. 

RkST, v. i. To cease from action or motion of any 
kind; hence, to be quiet; to sleep; to lean; to 
abide ; to remain with. 



+ReS'TAU-RaNT, n. An eating-house. 

RES-TAU'RA-TEUR (res-tdr'a-tur), n. The keep- 
er of an eating-house or house for occasional re- 
freshment. 

REST'IFF, a. Unwilling to go; obstinate in re- 
fusing to move forward ; restive. 

RESTTFF-NESS, n. Obstinate unwillingness to 
move. See Restiveness. 

RES-TI-Tu'TION (-tu'shun), n. Act of restoring 
or making good, as that of which one has de- 
prived another, or for loss, damage, &c. ; restora- 
tion ; indemnification. 

RkST'iVE, a. Unwilling to go; obstinate. 

REST'iVE-N'ESS, n. Obstinate unwillingness to 
move or go ; obstinate reluctance. 

ReST'LESS, a. Void of rest; unquiet; uneasy. 

REST'LESS-LY, ad. Without rest: unquutlv. 

REST'LESS-NESS, n. State of motion, disturb- 
ance,_or agitation ; uneasiness; disquiet. 

RE-SToR'A-BLE, a. That may be restored. 

RES-TO-Ra'TION, n. Act of replacing in a for- 
mer state; renewal; recovery, which see. 

RE-SToR'A-TiVE, n. A medicine efficacious in 
restoring strength and vigor; a. that tends to re- 
new vigor. 

RE-STORE', v. t. To return or bring back to a 
former state ; hence, to heal ; to repair ; to re- 
vive. See To Return. 

RE-SToR'ER, n. One who restores or gives back. 

RE-STRAIN' (-strane'), v. t. To hold back or keep 
in check, as by some force or obstacle. — Syn. To 
withhold ; to check ; to limit ; to repress ; to re- 
strict. 

RE-STRaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be restrained. 

RE-STRaIN'ER. n. One who restrains. 

RE-STRaINT', n. The act or operation of hold- 
ing back or hindering from action; abridgment 
of liberty ; prohibition ; restriction; that which 
restrains See Compulsion. 

RE-STRi€T', v. t. To hold or keep within definite 
or specified bounds ; hence, to limit ; confine; re- 
strain. 

RE-STRiC'TION (-strik'shun), n. Confinement 
within bounds; limitation. 

RE-STRiCT'IVE, a. Restraining; having the 
quality of limiting or of expressing limitation. 

RE-STRiCT'iVE-LY, ad. With restraint. 

RE-STRINGE', v. t. To confine within limits; to 
contract. [t'racting. 

RE-STRiN'cEN-CY, n. Quality or power of con- 

RE-STRIN'GENT, a. Having the power or qual- 
ity of contracting or binding; astringent; styp- 
tic ; binding ; n. an astringent or styptic med- 
icine. 

ReST'Y, a. The same as restive or restiff. 

RE-SuLT' (re-zulf), v. i. Literally, to ' eap back 
or rebound ; hence, to spring from, as from facts 
or premises; to arise from, as from concurring 
causes or circumstances ; to terminate. 

RE-SuLT' (re-zulf), n. Literally, act of flying 
back; rebounding; hence, that which proceeds 
naturally or logically from facts, premises, &c, ; 
effect ; conclusion. See Consequence. 

RE-SuLT'ANCE, n. Act of resulting. 

RE-SuLT'ANT, a. That results from the combina- 
tion of two or more, as a force, &c. 

RE-$uM'A-BLE, a. That may be resumed. 

*RE-$u-ME' (ra-zu-ma'), n. [Fr.~\ A summing up, 
or bird's eye view of a subject. 

RE-SuME' (re-z"me'), v. t. To take back ; to take 
or begin again after absence or interruption. 

RE-SuM'MON, v. t. To summon or call again. 

RE-$uMP'TION (re-zum'shun), n. Act of resum- 
ing, taking back, or taking again. 

RE-SuMP'TiVE, a. Taking back or again. 

Re-Su'PI-NaTE, a. In botany, reversed; turned 
upside down ; inverted in position. 

RE-Su'PINE, a. Lying on the back. 

RES-UR-REC'TION (rez-ur-ruk'shnn), n. A ris- 
ing again ; particularly, a living again of the dead. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, eak., last, fvll, what; there, term; marine, ijirp; move, 



RES 



387 



KET 



RE-SUR-VEY' (-sur-va'), v. t. To survey or review 
again. 

RE-SuS'CI-TaTE, v. t. To recover from apparent 
death ; to revivify. 

RE-SUS-CI-Ta'TION, n. Act of reviving from 
apparent death : reproduction. 

RE-SuS'CI-Ta-TiVE, a. Reviving: raising again 
to life. 

Re'TaIL or Re'TAIL, n. The sale of commodi- 
ties _in small quantities or parcels. 

RE-TaIL', v. t. To sell in small quantities. 

RE- TaIL'ER or RE TaIL-ER, n. One who sells 
goods in small quantities or parcels. 

RE-TaIL'ING, n. Act of selling in small quan- 
tities. 

RE-TaIN (re-tane'), v. t. To hold or keep in pos- 
session ; to engage ; to employ by a fee paid, as a 
lawyer. See To Keep. 

RE-TaIN'ER, n. One who retains or is retained ; 
a dependent ; a hanger on ; a fee to engage coun- 
sel. 

Re-TaKE',_v. t To take back ; to recapture. 

RE-TAL'I-aTE, v. t. To return like for like ; to 
repay or requite by an act of the same kind as 
has been received. 

RE-TaL'I-aTE, v. i. To return like for like. 

RE-TAL-I-a'TION, n. Return of like for like; 
requital of evil. 

RE-TAL'I-A-TiVE, a. Returning like for like; 
inclined to retaliate. 

RE-TaL'I-A-TO-RY, a. Rendering like for like. 

RE-TaRD', v. t. To diminish speed ; to render 
more slow or late; to delay; to hinder. 

RE-TXR-Da'TION, n. Act of delaying; the act 
of abating the Velocity of motion. 

RE-TXRD'ER, n. One who retards. 

RE-TaRD'MENT, n. Act of retarding. 

RETCH, v. i. To make an effort to vomit. 

Re-TeLL', v. t. To tell a second time ; to repeat 
over. 

RE-TEN'TION, n. Act of retaining or withhold- 
ing; custody; the power of retaining. 

RE-TEN'TiVE, a. Able or apt to retain. 

RE-TEN'TIVE-NESS, n. Power or quality of re- 
taining, as retentiveness of memory. 

RET'I-€LE (r5t'e-kl), n. A small net or bag. 

RE-T!€'u-LAR,t a. Having the form or texture 

RET'I-FORM, f of a net. 

RE-T!€'u-LATE, 1 a. Resembling net-work ; 

RE-Ti€'u-LA-TED,f netted ; having distinct 
veins or lines crossing like net-work. 

RE-TI€-u-La'TION, n. Net-work; organization 
of substances resembling a net. 

R£T'I-€0LE, n. A little bag of net-work ; a la- 
dy's work-bag. 

RET'I-NA, n. ; pi. Ret'i->oe. The net-like mem- 
brane at the back of the eye which receives the 
images of external objects. 

RET'I-NOID, a. Resembling a resin, but not be- 
ing such ; resin-like. 

RET'I-NuE (rct'e-nu), n. A suite or train of at- 
tendants. 

RE-TIRE', v. i. To withdraw from one place or 
state to another less public or exposed, as from 
company, battle, office, &c. ; v. t. to draw in, as 
to retire one's notes. — Syn. To withdraw; to re- 
treat ; to recede. 

RE-TIRED' (re-tird'), a. Withdrawn; secluded 
from much society or notice; private. 

RE-TIRjBD'LY (-tird'ly), ad. In solitude or priv- 
acy. 

RE-TIRE'MENT, n. Act of withdrawing or state 
of being withdrawn, as from company, public 
notice, &c. ; private abode or way of life. — Syn. 
Seclusion ; privacy ; retreat. 

RE-TiR'ING, a. Reserved; not forward or obtru- 
sive. 

RE-T6RT', n. A keen response to an attack; in 
chemistry, a spherical vessel with a long neck 
bent back. — Syn. Repartee. — A retort (from re 



and torqueo, to turn back upon) is a short and 
pointed reply, turning back on an assailant the 
censures or derision he had thrown out; a repar- 
tee (from Fr. repartir) is usually a good-natured 
return to some witty or sportive observation of 
another, in which "diamond cuts diamond" with- 
out any loss of good-humor on either side. 

RE-TORT', v. t. To throw back ; to return by way 
of argument or charge. 

RE-TfiRT'ER, n. One who retorts. 

Re-ToSS', v. t. To toss again ; to toss back. 

Re-TOOCH' (re-tuch'), v. t. To improve by new 
touches, as to retouch a picture. 

RE-TRaCE', v. t. To trace back ; to go back in 
the same path or course, a* to retrace one's steps ; 
in pain'ing, to trace over again. 

RE-TRA€T', v. t. Literally, to draw or take back ; 
hence, to recall, as a declaration, charge, &c. — 
Syn. To recant; disavow. 

RE-TRa€T', v. L To take back ; to unsay. 

RE-TRa€T'A-BLE, a. That may be recalled. 

RE-TRa€-Ta'TION, n. The recalling of some- 
thing said ; retraction; recantation. 

RE-TRA€T'ILE^ E ' } °" That ^^ be drawn back ' 

RE-TRa€'TION, n. Literally, the act of drawing 
or taking back ; hence, the act of withdrawing 
something advanced ; declaration of change of 
opinion; recantation. 

RE-TRa€T'iVE, a. Withdrawing : taking from. 

RE-TREAD' (-tred'), V. t. To tread again ; to pass 
over again. 

RE-TREAT' (re-treef), n. The act of retiring, as 
from an enemy ; place of retirement or of safety; 
retirejnent; shelter; asylum. 

RE-TReAT' (re-treef), v. i. To go back, as from 
some danger, or to a place of safety ; to withdraw ; 
to retire. 

RE-TRENCH', v. t. Literally, to cut or lop off; 
hence, to cut off or dispense with what is super- 
fluous or unnecessary ; to lessen; to curtail. 

RE-TRENCH'MENT, n. A cutting off; the act of 
curtailing or lessening, as expenses ; diminution, 

RE-TRiB'uTE, v. t. To pay back ; to recompense. 

RET-RI-Bu'TION, n. Repayment ; a return cor- 
responding with conduct ; requital ; the distri- 
bution of reAvards and punishments at the gener- 
al judgment. 

RE-TRIB'u-TiVE, \a. Repaying; rewarding or 

RE-TRiB'u-TO-RYJ punching. 

RE-TRIeVA-BLE (-treev'a-bl), a. That may be 
retrieved. 

RE-TRIeV'A-BLY, ad. In a retrievable manner. 

RE-TRIEVE^MENT,}- "■ Act of retrievement. 

RE-TRIEVE' (re-treev'), v. i. Jbiterally, to find 
again; hence, to restore from loss or injury to a 
former_good state ; to recover; to regain. 

RE-TRIeV'ER, n. A dog employed to find and 
_bring game when shot. 

Re-TRO-a€T', v. i. To act backward or in re- 
_turn. 

Re-TRO-a€'TION, n. Action in return or on 
jomcthing preceding. 

RE-TRO-a€T'iVE, a. Operating by returned ac- 
tion; affecting what is past; retrospective. 

RET-RO-CEDE', v. t. To cede or grant back. 

Re-TRO-OES'SION (ru-tro-sesh'un), n. Act of go- 
ing back ; a ceding back. 

RET'RO-FLEX, a. Bent in different directions. 

RET'RO-FRA€T, a. Bent back, as if broken. 

Re-TRO-GRA-Da'TION, n. A going back ; ap- 
plied to the apparent motion of the planets. 

RET'RO-GRXDE, a. Going backward ; apparent- 
ly moving backward, as the planets at times; de- 
clining from better to worse. 

ReT'RO-GRaDE, v. i. To go backward. 

Re-TRO-GR£S'SION (-gr3sh'un), n. A going 
backward ; retrogradation. 

Re-TRO-GRES'SiVE, a. Going backward. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; 



$ as z ; cjb as sn ; this. 



Not English. 



RET 



388 



REV 



RfiT'RO-SPECT, n. A looking back on things 
past ; view or contemplation of something past ; 
review. 

Re-TRO-SPe€'TION, n. The act or the faculty 
_of looking back on past things. 

Re-TRO-SPe€T'iVE, a. Looking back on past 
events ; having reference to or affecting things 
past. 

Re-TR0-SPe€T'1VE-LY, ad. By way of retro- 
spect. 

RkT'RO-VERT, v. t. To turn back. 

ReT'TING, n. Act or process of retting, as flax 
(a corruption of rotting, Eng.). 

RE-TuRN', v. i. To come or go back to the same 
place, state, or condition ; to answer. 

RE-TuRN', v. t. To bring, carry, or send back ; to 
repay ; to render, as an account ; to give back, as 
a reply — Syn\ To restore. — We return a thing 
when we turn it back to its appropriate place ; 
we restore a thing \from restauro) when we put it 
back to its former state and condition. A man 
returns what he borrowed, and restores what he 
stole. A present is returned; a deposit is re- 
stored. We are restored to health by being 
brought back to our former state. 

RE-TORN', n. The act of coming or going back 
or again to the same place or state; the act of 
sending back ; that which is returned ; reim- 
bursement ; restitution ; report or statement. 

RE-TuRN'A-BLE, a. That may be returned ; that 
is required to be returned. 

RE-TuRN'ER, n. One who returns. ' 

RE-TuRN'LESS, a. Admitting no return. 

Re-uN'ION (-yfm'yun), n. A second union ; union 
after separation or disagreement ; a social gath- 
ering. 

Re-u-NiTE' (-yu-nlte'), v. t. To unite again, or 
_after separation or variance. 

RE-u-NITE' (-yu-nTte'), v. i. To be united again. 

RE-VeAL', v. t. To lay open or disclose, as a se- 
cret ; to communicate in confidence. — Syn. To di- 
vulge. — To reveal is literally to lift the vail, and 
thus make known what was previously concealed ; 
to divulge (from de and vuhjo) is to scatter abroad 
among the people or make publicly known. A 
mystery or hidden doctrine may be revealed; 
something long confined to the knowledge of a 
fewjs at length divulged. 

RE-VeAL'ER, n. One who discloses. 

"S-RE-VEIL'LE (-re-val'ya), n. [Fr.] In military 
affairs, the beat of drum about break of day. 

ReV'EL, v. i. To feast with noisy merriment ; to 
carouse. 

ReV'EL, n. A feast with loose and noisy jollity. 

RE-VeL', v. t. To draw back; to make a revul- 
sion. 

REV-E-La'TION, n. The act of disclosing to oth- 
ers what was before unknown to them ; that 
which is revealed, particularly communication 
of truth from God to man, or the truths commu- 
nicated ; the Apocalypse. 

ReV'EL-ER, n. One feasting with noisy merri- 
ment. 

Re V'EL-ROUT, n. Tumultuous festivity. 

EeV'EL-RY, n. A carousing with noisy merri- 
ment. 

RE-VeN'DI-€aTE, v. t. To reclaim ; to demand 
back or claim what has been seized. 

RE-VeNgE', n. MaJicious return of injury; the 
passion which is excited by injury. 

RE- VEN6E', v. t. To inflict pain deliberately and 
maliciously, contrary to the laws of justice and 
humanity, in return for injury received ; often, in 
old Avriters and in the Bible, it means to avenge, 
i. e. , to make j ust return for crime or inj ury. See 
Avenge. 

RE-VeNgE'FUL, a. Disposed to revenge ; full of 
revenge; vindictive; wreaking revenge. 

RE-VeNgE'FUL-LY, ad. By way of revenge; 
vindictively.' 



RE-VE-NGE'FUL-NESS, n. Vindictiveness. 

RE-VEN6'ER,"n. One who revenges. 

Re V'E-NuE (rev'e-nu), n. Literally, that which 
comes back ; hence, particularly, the annual re- 
ceipts of a state from whatever sources, as taxes, 
customs, &c. ; income ; return. 

RE-VeR'BER-ANT (13), a. Returning sound. 

RE-VeR'BER-aTE, v. t. To send or beat back, 
or from side to side ; to echo. 

RE-VeR'BER-aTE, v. i. To be driven back or re- 
pelled ; to rebound ; to resound. 

RE-VER-BER-a'TION, n. The act of reverberat- 
ing. 

RE-VeR'BER-A-TO-RY, a. Returning ; beating 
back ; n. a furnace that reflects flame. 

RE-VeRE' v. t. To regard with fear mingled with 
respect and affection. — Syn. To reverence ; vene- 
rate ; honor. 

ReV'ER-ENCE, n. Fear mingled with respect 
and affection; an act of respect or obeisance. — 
Syn. Veneration; awe. 

ReV'ER-ENCE, v. t. To regard with reverence. 

ReV'ER-EN-CER, n. One that regards with rev- 
erence. 

ReV'ER-END, a. Entitled to reverence ; a title of 
respect given to clergymen. 

ReV'ER-ENT, a. Expressing reverence ; submis- 
sive; humble. 

REV-ER-eN'TIAL (-en'shal), a. Proceeding from 
veneration or expressing it ; reverent. 

REV-ER-eN'TIAL-LY, ad. With reverence. 

ReVER-ENT-LY, ad. With awe; respectfully. 

RE-VeR'ER, n. One who reveres. 

EeV'ER-iE,J n. A loose or irregular train of 

ReV'ER-Y, j thoughts occurring in musing and 
meditation ; a wild conceit ; a chimera ; a vision. 

RE-VER'SAL (13), n. Act of reversing; a change 
or overthrowing, as the reversal of a judgment. 

RE-VeR'SAL, a. Intended to reverse. 

RE-VERSE', v. t. Literally, to turn back or in a 
contrary direction ; hence, to change from one 
position, order, or state to the opposite; to make 
void or annul. — Syn. To invert; overturn; sub- 
vert; repeal. 

RE-VeRSE', n. Change or vicissitude ; change for 
the worse ; contrary ; opposite ; the opposite side, 
as of a medal or coin. 

RE-VeRSE'LY, ad. On the opposite side. 

RE-VeR'SI-BLE, a. That may be reversed. 

RE-VeR'SION (-ver'shun), n. A returning, as of 
a possession to the former owner; the residue of 
an estate after determination of another estate ; 
a payment not due till the occurrence of some 
contingent event. 

RE-VeR'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a rever- 
sion; that is to be enjoyed in succession. 

RE-VeR'SION-ER, n. One entitled to a rever- 
sion. 

RE-VERT', v. i. To return ; to fall back ; to re- 
verberate ; in law, to return to a proprietor. 

RE-VeRT'I-BLE, a. That may revert. 

RE-VeRT'iVE, a. That changes ; reversing, 

ReV'E-RY. See Reverie. 

RE-VeST', v. t. To clothe again; to put again in 
possession ; to reinvest. 

RE-VeST', v. i. To take effect again, as a title ; 
to return to its former owner. 

RE-VeT'MENT, n. A wall without the rampart 

Re-Vi'BRaTE, v. t. To vibrate back. 

Re-ViCT'UAL (re-vit'tl), v. t. To furnish again 
with provisions. 

RE-VIEW' (re-vu'), v. t. To look back on; to re- 
examine; to inspect, particularly troops; to ex- 
amine and remark on critically. 

RE-VIEW (re-vu'), n A second or repeated 
view; re-examination ; a critical essay on a new 
publication ; a periodical work devoted to such 
essays or criticisms; an inspection of troops. 

RE-VIEW'ER (re-vu'er), n. One who reviews; an 
inspector; one that critically examines a new 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



REV 



389 



KHO 



publication, and communicates his opinions of 
its merits. 

RE-VlLE', v. t. To assail with opprobrious lan- 
guage. — Syn. To vilify; reproach; insult. 

EE-VlI/EB. n. One who reviles. 

RE-VIL'ING, n. The act of reviling or treating 
with reproachful words. 

Re-ViN'DI-CaTE, v. t. To vindicate again ; to 
reclaim. 

RE-Vi'$AL (re-vi'zal), n. Act of revising or re- 
examining for correction; revision. 

RE-VISE' (re-vlze'), v. t. To look over with care 
for correction ; to review ; to amend. 

RE -VISE' (re-vlze'), n. Review ; a second proof- 
sheet taken after the first correction. 

RE-VlS'ER (re-vi'zer), n. One who revises or re- 
examines for correction. 

RE-Vi"$ION (re-vizh'un), n. The act of revising ; 
re-examination for correction. — Syn. Revisal ; 
review. 



RE-Vr"*ION-AL(-vIzh'un-),) a. Containing or 



pertaining to re- 



RE-Vi"8ION-A-RY, 

vision. 

Re-Vi$'IT, v. t. To visit again. 

RE-VIS-IT-A'TION, n. Act of revisiting. 

RE-Vl'SO-RY, a. Having power to revise. 

RE-Vi'VAL, 11. Return to life: return or recov- 
ery from any low state, as of languor, depression, 
neglect, &c, to a better one, as of activity, pros- 
perity, &c. ; a more active attention to religion. 

RE-VI'VAL-IST, n. A minister of the Gospel who 
promotes revivals of religion. 

RE-ViVE', v. t. To restore or bring to life ; to re- 
cover from a state of depression, neglect, &c. ; to 
renew; to reanimate ; to quicken. 

RE-VIVE', v. i. To return to life; to recover new 
life and vigor, or from a state of neglect, depres- 
sion, &c. 

RE-VlV'ER, n. He or that which revives. 

Re-VIV-I-FI-€a'TION, ii. Renewal or restora- 
tion of life. 

Re-VIV'I-Fy, v. t. To recall to life ; to give new 
life or vigor to ; to reanimate. 

REV-I-VIS'CENCE, n. Renewal of life. 

REV-I-ViS'CENT, a. Regaining or restoring life. 

RE-ViV'OR, n. The reviving of a suit after the 
death of any of the parties. 

ReV'0-€A-BLE, a. That may be revoked. 

ReV'0-€A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of being rev- 
ocable, [peal. 

REV-0-€ a'TION, n. Act of revoking ; recall ; re- 

ReVO-€A-TO-RY, a. Revoking; recalling. 

RE-VoKE', v. t. To recall ; to reverse ; to declare 
void, as a will or law ; to repeal, which see. 

RE-VoLT' or RE-V6LT', v. i. To turn round or 
away from : hence, to renounce allegiance, as a 
state ; to rebel. 

RE-VoLT' or RE-VoLT', v. t. To turn; to do vi- 
olence to; to cause to turn away with abhor- 
rence. 

RE-VoLT' or RE-V6LT', n. Renunciation of al- 
legiance or duty. — Syn. Rebellion ; insurrection, 
which see. 

RE-VGLT'ER or RE-V6I/TER, n. One who re- 
volts; a rebel. 

ReVO-Lu-BLE, a. That may revolve. 

RkV'O-LuTE, a. Rolled back or downward. 

REV-O-Lu'TION, n. Literally, a rolling or moving 
round, as of a body round its axis, a planet round 
the sun, &c. ; hence, any analogous regular re- 
turn or change, as of the seasons; in 2>olitics, a 
great or entire change in the constitution of gov- 
ernment. — Syn. Rotation. 

EEV-O-Lu'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to or tend- 
ing to produce a revolution in government. 

REV-O-LiTTION-ER, ) n. One engaged in a 

REV-O-LU'TION-IST, / chancre of government. 

RffiV-OLu'TION-I$M, n. State of revolutions. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-IZE, v. t. To effect an entire 
change in government or in principles. 



RE-VoLVE', v. i. To turn or roll round ; to move 
round a center. 

RE-VoLVE', v. t. To turn again and again, as to 
revolve thoughts in the mind. 

RE-VGLV'EN-CY, n. Act or principle of revolv- 
ing; tendency to revolve; revolution. 

RE-VoLV'ER, 11. A fire-arm with a number of 
barrels, which so revolve as to bring them rapid- 
ly into a position for being discharged. 

RE-VuL'SlON (-vul'shun), n. Act of turning or 
diverting: a holding or drawing back. 

RE-VuL'SiVE, a. Having the power of diverting. 

RE- WARD', v. t. To give in return either good or 
evil ; to give to in token of merit or approbation. 
— Syn. To repay ; recompense ; requite. 

RE-WARD', n. An equivalent or just return for 
the conduct of a moral agent, whether good or 
ill ; distinctive recompense for good conduct, 
services, &c. — Syn. Requital; recompense; remu- 
neration ; compensation ; retribution. 

RE-WARD'A-BLE, a. Worthy of reward. 

RE-WARD'ER, n. One who rewards. 

RE-WARD'LESS, a. Having no reward. 

REY'NARD (ra'nard), n. An appellation given to 
a fox ; renard. 

H. after R, has no sound. 

RHAB-D0L'O-6Y (rab-), n. The art of comput- 
ing or numbering by Napier's rods or bones. 

RHaB'DO-MAN-OY, n. Divination by a rod or 
wand. 

RHAP-SoD'I€-AL (rap-), a. Consisting in or 
pertaining to rhapsody ; unconnected ; extrav- 
agant. 

RHAP'SO-DIST (rap-), n. One who writes or 
sings rhapsodies ; one who writes or speaks with- 
out regular dependence of one part of his dis- 
course to another. 

RHAP'SO-DY (rap'so-dy), n. Originally, songs or 
.portions of a poem joined together or recited; 
hence, a wild, rambling composition or discourse. 

RHeN'ISH (ren'ish), a. Pertaining to the river 
Rhine, or to Rheims, in France. 

RH£T'0-RI€ (ret'o-rik), n. The science of ora- 
tory; the art of speaking with propriety, ele- 
gance, and force ; the power of persuasion or at- 
traction. 

RHE-ToR'I€-AL (re-tor'e-kal), a. Pertaining to 
rhetoric ; oratorical. 

RHE-TOR'I€-AL-LY, ad. In a rhetorical man- 
ner; according to rhetorical rules. 

RHET-0-RI"CIAN (ret-o-rish'an), n. One who 
teaches or is well versed in rhetoric. 

RHEuM (31) (riime), n. A thin, watery fluid se- 
creted by the mucous glands, &c, as in catarrh ; 
an increased action of the vessels of any organ. 

RHEu-MlT'IC (ru-mat'ik), a. Affected with rheu- 
matism or partaking of its nature. 

RHEu'MA-TISM (ru'ma-tizm), n. A painful dis- 
ease affecting the muscles and joints. 

RHEOM'Y (ru'my), a. Full of rheum or consist- 
ing of it. 

RHi'NO (ri'no), n. A cant woi'd for gold and silver, 
I or money. 

| RHl-NO-CE'RI-AL (ri-no-), a. Pertaining to or re- 
sembling the rhinoceros. 
! RHI-NoC'E-EOS (rl-nos'-), n. A genus of large 
| pachydermatous animals of Asia and Africa, some 
I species of which have one and others two horns 

on the nose. 
| RHi-NO-PLAS'TIC, a. Forming a nose; denot- 
ing a surgical operation for renewing or supply- 
ing a substitute for the nose. 

RHo'DI-UM, 11. A metal, extremely hard, brittle, 
and difficult to fuse, discovered in 1S03 among 
grains of platinum. 

RHO-DO-DeN'DRON, n. A genus of shrubs, in- 
1 eluding the swamp honeysuckle, bay-laurel, &c. 

RII6MB, \n. A figure of four equal sides, but 

RHoM'BUS.j unequal angles. 
I RHoM'BIC, a. Having the figure of a rhomb. 



dove, wolf, book; eujuE, hull; vi"cious. — c as k; g as j ; s as z; cu as sn; this. + Xot English. 



RIIO 



390 



RIG 



RHYM'ER, ) 
RHyM'IST, \ n - 
RHYM'STER,) 



RHoM'BOID (rom'boid), n. A figure having some 
resemblance to a rhomb. 

RHOMBOID'AL, a. Having the shape of a rhom- 
boid. 

RHO BXRB (ru'biirb), n. A plant and root, mod- 
erately cathartic, much used in medicine ; a gar- 
den plant. 

RHYME (rime), ft. Correspondence of sounds in the 
end or other part of two or more verses; a har- 
monieal succession of sounds; poetry; rhyme or 
reason, number or sense. 

RHYME (rime), v. i. To accord in sound ; to make 
rhyming verses. 

RH TME, v. t. To put into rhyme. 

One who makes rhymes; a 
versifier; a poor poet. 

RHYTHM (rithm), ) ft. An harmonious ar- 

RHYTH'MUS (rlth'mus), / rangement or succes- 
sion of sounds, accents, impulses, &c, as in po- 
etry or music, according to some law; variety 
in musical movements. Good prose possesses 
rhythm, but less marked or regular than that of 
verse. — Syn. Meter; measure; numbers. 

RH¥TH'MI€-AL (rlth'me-kal), a. Pertaining to 
rhythm ; having proportion of sound ; duly regu- 
lated by cadence, accents, and quantities. 

Rl'AL (re'al), n. A Spanish coin ; a real. 

■frRi'-XL'TO (rG-ul'to), ft. UL] A famous bridge in 
Venice. 

RiB, n. One of the side-bones in animal bodies; a 
timber that strengthens the side of a ship; any 
ridge, rising, or strengthening piece analogous to 
a rib. 

RiB, v. t. To furnish with ribs; to inclose with 
ribs. ' [low. 

RIB'ALD, ft. A low, vulgar wretch ; a lewd fel- 

RlB'ALD, a. Low ; vulgar ; mean. 

RIB'ALD-RY, ft. Mean, vulgar language ; chiefly, 
obscene language. 

RIBBED (ribd), a. Furnished with ribs; inclosed 
with ribs; having rising lines and channels, as 
ribbed cloth. 

RIB'BON, n. A fillet of silk ; a narrow web or 
slip of satin or silk used for ornament, &c. ; writ- 
ten also riband, but improperly. 

RiB'BONiJD, a. Adorned with ribbons. 

RIB'RoAST, v. t. To beat soundly. [Burlesque.] 

RICE, ft. _ An esculent grain of warm climates. 

RIOE'-Pa-PER, n. A material brought from Chi- 
na, and used for the manufacture of fancy arti- 
cles, or for painting upon. It is obtained from a 
leguminous plant. 

RICH, a. In general, having a g<-eat abundance 
of something valuable; hence, possessing much 
property ; abounding in qualities that render 
precious, or in the particular thing or properties 
for which any thing is prized, as a rich silk, 
soil, ore, discourse, landscape, music, &c. — Syn. 
Wealthy; opulent; affluent; abundant; plenti- 
ful; precious; sifmptuous. 

RICH'ES, n. jyl. Abundant possessions or treasures. 
— Syn. Wealth; opulence; affluence. 

RICH'LY, ad. With riches; plenteously; abun- 
dantly. 

RICH'NESS, ft. The quality of being rich ; opu- 
lence; wealth; abundance of any ingredient or 
quality, or of whatever constitutes perfection or 
value. 

RICK, n. A long pile of hay or grain. 

RiCK'ETS, ft. pi. A disease in children producing 
distortion of spine and other bodily deformities. 

RICK'ET-Y, a. Affected with rickets; weak; fee- 
ble in the joints; imperfect. 

RIC'O-cHET (rik'o-shet or rik'o-sha), n. In gun- 
nery, the firing of guns, mortars, &c, sufficiently 
elevated to carry the balls over a parapet, and 
cause them to roll along the opposite rampart. 

RIC-O-cHET' (-shef or -shtV), v. t. To operate 
upon by ricochet firing. 



RiD, v. t. To free; to disengage; to clear; to dis- 
encumber. 

RID'DANCE, n. A clearing away ; deliverance. 

RID'DUE, n. A large sieve; a puzzling question 
or proposition to be solved by guessing ; any thing 
ambiguous or puzzling. — Syn. Enigma ; puzzle. 

RID'DLL-:, v. t. To clear from chaff with a riddle ; 
to perforate with holes, as a riddle ; to solve; more 
properly, Unriddle, v. i. to speak ambiguously. 

RIDE, v. i. To be carried on horseback or in a ve- 
hicle; to float; to practice riding. 

RIDE, v. t. To sit on so as to be carried ; to man- 
age at will. 

RIDE, n. Motion on horseback or in a vehicle. — 
Syn. Drive. — Ride originally meant (and is so 
used throughout the English Bible) to be carried 
either on horseback or in a vehicle of any kind. 
Now, in England, drive is the word applied in 
most (though not all) cases to motion in a car- 
riage, as a drive round the .parfc, &c, while ride 
is appropriated to motion on a horse, so that a 
"ride on horseback' 1 ' would be tautology. This 
distinction, though gaining ground in America, 
does not prevail among us to any considerable ex- 
tent. 

RiD'ER, n. One who rides; an additional clause 
to a bill. 

RIDgE, ft. The back or top of the back; the top 
oi- upper part of any elongated elevation, great or 
small, as of a mountain, house, &c. 

RIDgE, v. t. To form into ridges; to wrinkle. 

RIi>G'Y,_a. Having ridges; rising in a ridge. 

RID'I-CnLE, ft. A laughing at, or wit that ex- 
poses the object of it to laughter and contempt; 
derision : it expresses less than scom. — Syn. De- 
rision ; mockery; satire. 

RID'I-€uLE, v. t. To laugh at or expose to laugh- 
ter; to treat with contemptuous merriment. — 
Syn. To mock; rally; deride, which see. 

RID'I-CfJL-ER, ft. One who ridicules. 

RI-DIC'u-LOUS, a. That may justly be laughed 
at. — Syn. Preposterous ; odd ; Utdierous, which 

Ri-Df.€'u-LOUS-LY, ad. So as to excite ridicule. 

RI-DIC'u-LOUS-NESS, ft. Quality of being ridic- 
ulous. 

RID'ING, ft. The act of one who rides ; a road 
made for the diversion of riding; one of three 
divisions of Yorkshire, Eng. [corrupted from tri- 
thing, a third.] 

RID'ING, a. Used in riding ; employed in travel- 
ing. 

RiD'ING-CoAT, ft. A coat for a journey. 

RID'ING-HAB-IT, ft. A garment for females to 
wear Avhen they travel or ride. 

RID'ING-HOOD, ft. A hood for females when 
riding; a kind of cloak with a hood. 

RID'ING-SCHOOL (-skool), ft. A school for in- 
struction in riding. 

Rl-DoT'TO, ft. An Italian entertainment consist- 
ing in music and dancing. 

RIFE, a. Prevalent; prevailing. [ly. 

RiFE'LY, ad. Prevalently; commonly; frequent- 

RiFE'NESS, ft. Prevalence; frequency. 

RIFF'RAFF, ft. Sweepings ; refuse. 

RI'FLE (ri'fl), ft. A gun with spiral grooves or 
channels on the inside of the barrel; a mower's 
whetstone. 

Rl'FLE (ri'fl), v. t. To seize and bear away by 
force. — Syn. To rob ; plunder; pillage. 

RI'FLE-MAN, w. One who uses a rifle. 

Rl'FLER, ft. One who rifles; a pillager; one who 
seizes and bears away by violence. 

RIFT, ft. An opening made by riving or splitting ; 
a cleft ; a fissure ; a fording place. 

RIFT, v. t. To rive ; to split ; v. i. to burst open ; 
to split. 

RIFT'Y, a. Having rifts or fissures. 

RIG, v. t. To fit with rigging; to trim or dress. 

RIG, ft. Dress; manner of being rigged ; a romp; 



I, e, &c, long. — a, £, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; there, teem, marine, bird; move, 



RIG 



391 



RIS 



a wanton , to run tiii rig upon, to play a sportive 
or wanton trick. 

RIG-A-DOON", n. A brisk dance of two persons. 

Ri-Ga'TION, n. A watering ; irrigation. 

RIG'GER, n. One whcrigs, as a ship. 

RIG'GING, n. The ropes or tackle of a ship; 
dress. 

RiGIIT (rite), a. Literally, straight; stretched to 
straightness; hence, upright as opposed to ob- 
lique ; in morals, accordant with the standard of 
truth and justice, or the divine law; just; equi- 
table : consonant with fitness or propriety ; be- 
coming ; correct ; as a relative tenu, its significa- 
tion varies with its application, but retaining 
more or less distinctly the idea of straightness or 
accordance with a fixed line or standard; rela- 
tively strong or fit for use, as the right hand; on 
the same side as the right hand ; the right bank 
of a river is that on the right hand of a person 
looking down stream. 

RIGHT (rite), n. Rectitude or straightness of con- 
duct ; conformity to an absolute standard of truth 
and justice, or to the will of God: conformity to 
human laws, or to some standard of fitness, pro- 
priety, truth, &c. ; justice; just claim; immun- 
ity ; privilege ; prerogative ; interest ; property ; 
side opposed to left. 

RlGHT. ad. Directly ; according to law or rule ; 
in a straight line : according to fact or truth ; in 
a great degree. It in prefixed to titles. 

RIGHT (rite), v. t. To do justice to; to relieve 
from wrong; to take a proper position. 

RIGHT'-AN G 'GLE (rite'-ang-gl), n. In geometry, 
an angle of ninety degrees, or one fourth of a cir- 
cle. 

RIGHT'EOUS (rl'chus), a. Conformed to the 
standard of right or to the divine law. — Syn. 
Just; religious; equitable; merited; virtuous; 
upright. 

RIGHT'EOUS-LY (ri'chus-ly), ad. In accordance 
with the laws of justice.— Syn. Justly ; honestly ; 
relig'oasly. 

RIGHT'EOl'S-NESS (rl'chus-ness), n. Conformi- 
ty of heart and life to the divine law or to a per- 
fect standard of justice and right. — Syn\ Justice ; 
religion; piety; uprightness. 

RIGH T'ER (ri'ter), n. One who sets right. 

RlGHT'FUL (rite'-), a. Having a right or just 
claim; consonant to justice. 

RIGHT'FUL-LY (rite'-), ad. According to right. 

RlGHT'FUL-NESS (rite'-), n. Accordance with 
the rules "of right. — Syn. Rectitude; justice. 

RIGHT'-HAND, n. The hand opposite the left; 
usually the most employed; the strongest, most 
convenient, or dextrous hand. 

RIGHT'LY (rlte'ly), ad. "With right; properly; 
justly; exactly. 

RlGHT'NESS (rite'ness), n. The quality of being 
right; conformity to truth or to the divine will; 
straightness; correctness. 

RIu'ID, a. Difficult to bend, literally or meta- 
phorically; stiff; unpliant; severe; strict; ex- 
act; severely just. 

RI-6ID'I-TY, ) n. The quality of being rigid or 

RIuTD-NESS, / not easy to bend; stiffness of 
appearance or manner. — Syn. Stiffness; strict- 
ness. 

RigTD-LY, ad. Strictly; exactly; severely; 
stiffly. 

RIG'MA-RoLE, n. A succession of confused state- 
ments or idle stories. 

RIG'OR, n. Extreme or unyielding strictness; a 
stiffening or shivering, as with cold ; stiffness of 
opinion or temper. — Syn. Strictness ; severity ; 
stiffness; rigidness. 

RIG'OR-OUS. a. Full of rigor or unbending ex- 
actness.— Syn. Severe; exact; strict. 

RIG'OR-OUS- LY, ad. "With rigor; without relax- 
ation or abatement. — Syn. Severely ; strictly; ex- 
actly. 



RIG'OR-OUS-NESS, n. Severity without abate- 
ment or mitigation ; exactness; strictness. 

RILL, n. A small brook or streamlet. 

RILL, v. i. To run in a small stream. 

RlM, n. A border; edge; side; margin; lower 
part of the belly or abdomen. 

RIM, v. t. To put on a rim or hoop at the border. 

RIME, n. Hoar-frost; a chink or fissure. 

Ri'MuSE, \ a. In natural history, full of chinks; 

Rl'MOUS,/ chinky, as the bark of a tree 

Rf-MoS'I-TY, n. State of being chinky. 

RIM'PLE (rim'pl), n. A fold or wrinkle. 

RiM'PLE, v. t. To rumple; to wrinkle. 

RiM'PLING, n. Undulation; uneven motion. 

RIM'Y, a. Full of rime ; frosty. * 

RiND, n. Skin, bark, or outer coat. 

RIN'DLE, n. A small watercourse or gutter. 

RING, n. A circle, or any thing in a circular form 
with an open central space, as a ring of persons, 
a ring for the finger, &c. 

RING, n. A sound, as the ring of a bell ; any loud 
sound ; a chime or set of bells. 

RING, v. t. [pret. and pp. Rung.] To cause to 
sound, as a bell; to encircle; to fit with rings. 

RING, v.i. To sound, as a bell; to resound; to 
form a circle. 

RING'-BoLT, n. An iron bolt with a ring. 

RING'-D6VE, 7i. A species of pigeon. 

RING'ER, n. One who rings. 

RING'LkAD-ER, 7i. The leader of an association 
for some unlawful purpose. 

RING'LET.ji. A small ring; a curl of hair. 

RiNG'-STRttAK&D (ring'-streekt), a. Circularly 
striped. 

BING'-WoRM (-wurm), n. A ring-shaped cuta- 
neous eruption. 

RINSE, v. t. To cleanse by plunging in or apply- 
ing water ; to wash slightly. 

RINS'ER, n. One that rinses. 

Rl'OT, 7i. Wild, noisy festivity; a tumult by a 
mob; at common law, a tumultuous disturbance 
of the peace by three or more persons mutually 
assisting each other. The definition by statute 
varies in different states. —Syn. Tumult ; uproar ; 
sedition. To run riot, to act without restraint. 

Rl'OT, v. i. To run to noisy excess, as in feast- 
ing, &c. ; to revel ; to luxuriate ; to banquet ; to 
be highly excited ; to make an uproar. 

Rl'OT-ER, n. One who joins in a riot. 

Rl'OT-OUS, a. Guilty of or marked with riot; 
noisy; licentious. 

RI'OT-OUS-LY, ad. In a riotous manner ; tumult- 
ously. 

Ri'OT-OUS-NESS, n. State of being riotous. 

RIP, n. A tearing; a place torn; laceration. 

RIP, v. t. To tear up ; to cut or tear asunder. To 
rip_out an oath is to swear hastily or violently. 

RI-Pa'RI-AN, a. Relating to a river-bank. 

RiPE, a. Brought to maturity or perfection in 
growth, or to the best state; advanced to readi- 
ness or fitness for something, as ripe for war; 
complete; finished. — Syn. Mature, which see. 

RIPE'LY, ad. Maturely ; at the fit time. 

RlP'i?N (ri'pn), v. t. To make ripe or to mature; 
to prepare; to bring to perfection. 

RiP'i^N, v. i. To grow ripe; to approach or come 
to perfection : to be matured. " 

RlPE'NESS, n. State of being ripe; maturity; 
perfection ; full growth. 

RIP'PER, n. One who tears or cuts open. 

RIP'PLE, v. t. or v. i. To form into little waves 
or ripples, as the surface of water when agitated. 

RIP'PLE, n. A breaking of the surface of a fluid 
into little waves or undulations, as water flowing 
roughly; a large comb for flax. 

RIP'PLING, n. The breaking of ripples or the 
noise of it ; a hatcheling. 

RIP'RAP, n. In enni)ieering, a foundation of stones 
thrown together without order. 

RISE, v. i. [preL Rose; pp. Risen.] The leading 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bull; vi"ciocs. — e as k; g as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; tuis. * A'oi Engliah. 



EIS 



392 



ROB 



idea is to move or pass upward in any manner, 
as to rise from bed, the river rises, stocks rise, 
prices rise; hence, to take rise, as the river rises 
in the mountains ; to appear in sight, as the land 
rises to view, &c. — Syn. To appreciate. — Some 
in America use the word appreciate for "rise in 
value," as stocks appreciate, money appreciates, 
&c. This is never done in England, and by only 
a few in this country. It is undesirable, because 
rise sufficiently expresses the idea, and appre- 
ciate has its own distinctive meaning, which ought 
not to be encroached upon by one so entirely di- 
verse. 

RISE (rice), n. Act of rising ; ascent ; elevation ; 
first appearance ; origin. 

RIS'ER (ri'zer), n. One that rises ; upright of a 
stair. 

RI$-I-BIL'I-TY or RI-$I-BIL'I-TY, n. The qual- 
ity of being risible ; proneness to laugh. Risibil- 
ity is peculiar to the human species. 

RIS'I-BLE or Ri'SI-BLE (riz'e-bl or ri'ze-bl), a. 
Having the faculty or power of laughing ; exciting 

or adapted to raise laughter Syn. Laughable ; 

ludicrous; ridiculous. 

RlS'ING, 11. Act of getting up or of ascending; 
ascent; the coming of a heavenly body above the 
horizon ; a taking stand against government; in- 
surrection. 

RISK, n. Exposure to or chance of harm or loss. 
— Syn. Hazard ; peril ; danger, which see. 

RISK, v. t. To hazard; to expose to danger. 

RISK'ER, n. One who hazards. 

RITE, n. A formal religious act or ceremony es- 
tablished by custom or law. — Syn. Ceremony ; 
ordinance ; observance. 

+Ri-TOE-NeL'LO, n. lit.] In music, repetition 
of a strain ; the burden of a song. 

RIT'U-AL (rit'yu-al), n. A book of rites or cere- 
monies. 

RIT'u-AL (rit'yu-al), a. Pertaining to or prescrib- 
ing rites. — Syn. Ceremonial; ceremonious; for- 
mal. 

RIT'u-AL-I$M, n. The system of prescribed forms 
of religious worship. 

RIT'u-AL-IST, n. One skilled in the ritual. 

RIT'u-AL-LY, ad. By rites and ceremonies. 

RI'VAL, n. One who is in pursuit of the same ob- 
ject as another, and which only one can possess ; 
one striving to equal or excel another. — Syn. 
Competitor; antagonist; emulator. 

Rl'VAL. a. Having like claims; standing in com- 
petition. 

Ri'VAL, v. t. To stand in competition with ; to 
strive for the same thing ; to emulate. 

Rl'VAL- BY, \ n. Strife for excellence or supe- 

Ri'VAL-SHIP,j riority, or to obtain an object 
wh ch another is pursuing. — Syn. Competition; 
emulation, which see. 

RIVE, v. t. ipret. Rived; pp. Riven.] To rend 
asunder by force.— Syn. To split; cleave. 

RIVE, v. i. To be split or rent asunder. 

RIV'i?L, v. t. To shrivel ; to contract, to wrinkle. 

RIVER, n. A large stream of water flowing in a 
channel on land toward the ocean, a lake, or an- 
other river. 

RIVER-G6D, n. A deity supposed to preside over 
a river as its tutelaiy divinity ; a naiad. 

RIVET, v. t. To fasten with rivets; to fasten 
firmly , to clinch. 

RIVET, n. A p;n of metal clinched at one or both 
ends by being hammered and spread. 

RI-VoSE', a. In zoology, marked with furrows, 
sinuate and irregular. 

RiV'u-LET (riv'yu-let), n. A small stream or 
brook ; a streamlet. 

RIX'-D6L-LAR, n. A silver coin in Europe of 
different values, but usually about the same as 
_the American dollar. 

RoACH, n. A fresh-water fish of the carp family. 

RoAD (rode), n. A public way for traveling; a 



place for ships at anchor.— Syn. Way; highway ; 
street. — Way is generic, denoting any line for pas- 
sage or conveyance ; a highway is literally one 
raised for the sake of dryness and convenience in 
traveling; a road (from ride) is a way for horses 
and carriages ; a street (Latin, via lapidibus strata) 
is, etymologically, apaoed way, as early made in 
towns and cities, and hence the word is distinct- 
ively applied to roads or highways in compact 
^settlements. 

RoAD'STeAD (rode'sted), n. A place where ships 
_may ride at anchor. 

RoAD'STER, n. Among seamen, a vessel riding 
at anchor in' a road or bay ; a horse fitted for trav- 
eling. 

RoAM (rome), v. t. To range ; to wander over. 

RoAM, v. i. To walk or move about from place to 
place without any certain purpose or direction. — 
_Syn. To rove; ramble; wander. 

RoAM'ER, n. A rambler ; a wanderer. 

RoAN (rone), a. Bay, sorrel, or dark, with white 
hairs or small white spots intermixed. 

RoAN, n. An imitation of Morocco leather in 
j3heep instead of goat skin. 

RoAR (rore), v. i. To make a full, loud, continu- 
ous sound or cry, as a lion, or the wind in a storm. 
-—Syn. To howl; bellow. 

RuAR (rore), n. A loud noise or sound of some 
_continuance, as of a bull or cannon ; a clamor. 

RoAR'ER, n. One that roars, man or beast. 

RoAR'ING, n. A loud continuous noise, as of bil- 
lows or a wild beast. 

RoAR'Y, a. Dewy ; more properly rory. 

RoAST (roste), v. t. To cook or prepare meat or 
other food by heat before a fire ; to heat to ex- 
cess; to dry and parch by exposure to heat, as 
coffee. 

RoAST (roste), n. That which is roasted ; a. roast- 
ed. To rule the roast, to govern the company. 

RoAST'ER, n. One that roasts ; a contrivance for 
joast'ng ; a pig for roasting. 

RoAST'ING, n. The act of roasting, as meat; 
protracted exposure of ores to heat below the fus- 
ing point ; a severe teasing or bantering. 

ROB, n. Thickened juice of fruit with sugar, &c. 

ROB, v. t. In law, to take feloniously or by illegal 
force; to take from; to deprive.— Syn. To plun- 
der; steal; pillage. 

ROB'BER, n. One who plunders another by force ; 
one who takes that to which he has no right. — 
Syn. Plunderer; thief. 

RoB'BER- Y, n. A forcible taking from the person 
of another feloniously ; unlawful taking. — Syn. 
Theft. 

RoBE, n. A kind of gown or loose garment worn 
over other dresses, particularly on occasions of 
state or dignity ; an elegant dress ; splendid at- 
tire. 

RoBE, v. t. To put on a robe ; to dress with mag- 
nificence. 

ROB'IN, n. A bird. 

ROB-IN-GOOD'FEL-LoW, n. An old domestic 
goblin or fairy, also called Puck. 

RoB'O-RANT, a. Strengthening; n. a strength- 
ening medicine. 

RO-Bo'EE-OUS, a. Made of oak; oaken. 

RO-BuST', a. Having great solidity and strength 
of muscle united to a powerful frame. — Syn. 
Strong. — Robust (Latin robur) means, literally, 
made of oak, and hence implies great compactness 
and toughness of muscle, connected with a thick- 
set frame and great powers of endurance ; strong 
(connected with strain) denotes the power of ex- 
erting great physical force. The robust man can 
bear heat or cold, excess or privation, and toil on 
through eveiy kind of hardship ; the strong man 
can lift a greater weight than his neighbor, can 
give a heavier blow and a harder grpe. 

RO-BuST'NESS, n. The state or quality of being 

• robust; strength; lustiness; vigor. 



1, £, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; tiieue, tekm; .marine, uriu) ; move, 



ROC 



303 



ROO 



\n. 

KoCK,/ Arabian mythology. 

RoOHE'-AL-UM, n. A pure kind of alum ; rock- 
alum. 

RoCH'ET, n. A Tnen habit worn by bishops. 

KoCK, n. A large mass of stony matter; hence, 
figuratively, strength or protection. — Syn. Stone. 
— Rock (connected with crag) always denotes a 
large and heavy mass of stone. Some, however, 
in certain parts of our country, apply the term to 
a stone of any size, and speak of boys as throw- 
ing rocks at each other. A writer has truly call- 
ed this a "supremely ridiculous expression." 

RoCK, v. t. or v. i. To move or to be moved back- 
ward and forward with easy or rolling motion, as 
a cradle or as in a cradle ; a rocking body is above 
its support or axis of motion ; a swinging^ one be- 
low it; vibration is a quicker reciprocating mo- 
tion ; shaking, both quicker and more violent. 

RoCK, n. A distaff, used in spinning. 

RoCK'ER, n. One that rocks ; a curving piece of 
wood on which a cradle or chair rocks. 

RoCK'ET, n. An artificial firework that is driven 
in whatever direction it is pointed by a reaction- 
ary force arising from the combustion of its 
charge ; a plant. 

RoCK'I-NESS, n. State of having an abundance 
of rocks. 

RSCK'LESS, a. Free from rocks. 

RoCK'-OIL, n. A name for petroleum. 

KoCK'-SALT, n. Mineral salt or chlorid of sodi- 
um ; salt in large crystals. 

RoCK'Y, a. Full of rocks; like a rock; hard. 

ROD, 11. The shoot or long twig of any woody 
plant; hence, any long, slender piece of wood or 
metal; an instrument of correction or punish- 
ment; a measure of length containing 1G^ feet, 
called alsojjerch or pole; figuratively, power; au- 
thority; a scenter. 

RODE, pret. of Ride. 

Ro'DENT, a. Gnawing, as an animal ; n. an ani- 
mal that gnaws. 

RoD'O-MONT, a. Bragging; n. a vain boaster. 

ROD-O-MONT-aDE', n. Vain boasting; bluster. 

ROD-O-MONT-aD'IST, n. A blustering boaster. 

RoE {<:b),'n. The female of the hart. 

RoW (ro), 11. The seed or spawn of fishes. 

RoE'BUCK (ro'buk), n. A small species of deer. 

RO-Ga'TION, n. Supplication ; the litany. 

RO-Ga'TION-WEEK, n. The second week before 
JVhitsunday, containing three fast-days. 

RoGUE (rdg), n. Originally, a vagabond or beg- 
gar; a man who is knavish or dishonest, particu- 
larly in mutual dealings; used jocularly or as a 
term of endearment, a sly fellow, or one playfully 
jnischievous, as a child. — Syn. Knave; villain. 

RoGU'ER-Y, n. Dishonest tricks; knavish prac- 
tices. 

RoGU'ISII (rog'ish), a. Knavish; dishonest; 
_waggish ; slightly mischievous. 

RoGU'ISH-LY, ad. Like a rogue; knavishly; 
wantonly. 

RoGU'ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of a rogue; 
knavery; dishonesty; archness. 

ROIL, v. t. To make turbid by stirring lees; to 
disturb; to excite some degree of anger. 

ROIL'Y, a. Turbid. {Colloquial.-] 

ROiS'TER-ER, n. A bold, blustering fellow. 

RoLL, v. t. To move along with successive con- 
tact cf surface, as a round body on a plane; to 
drive or impel a body with a circular motion; 
to wrap round on itself; to press or level with a 
roller ; to revolve. 

RoLL, v. i. To move ; to revolve ; to move by 
turning and advancing, as a ball on a plane ; to 
advance with a turning or curling motion, as 
waves; to move circularly or with undulation; to 
revolve ; to sound continuously, as on a drum 
rapidly beaten. 

RoLL, n. The act of rolling or state of being roll- 



ed; a thing rolled ; a turn ; register; in antiqui- 
ty, a volume ; chronicle. See List. 

RoLL'ER, n. A round body that rolls, as a stone 
or wooden cylinder used in husbandry, &c. ; a 
bandage; a fillet; a bird. 

RoLL'ERS, n. pi. Heavy waves without wind. 

ROL'LICK, v. i. To move in a careless, swagger- 
ing manner, with a frolicksome air. 

ROLLING, n. The turning round of a body upon 
some surface : the motion of a ship from side to 
side. 

RoLL'ING-PiN, n. A round piece of wood to roll 
out paste with. 

RoLL'ING-PRESS, n. A press with cylinders for 
calendering cloth, impressing prints, &c. 

RO-Ma'IC, a. or n. Modern Greek language. 

RO-MAL' (mawD, n. A species of silk handker- 
chief. 

Ro'MAN, a. Pertaining to Rome; Romish; pop- 
ish. 

Ro'MAN, n. A native of Rome. 

RO-MANCE', n. A fabulous tale of extraordinary 
adventures, usually in war or love; the incidents 
of a romance are more wonderful and less accord- 
ant with real life than those of a novel ; a dialect 
formerly spoken in the south of France. — Syn. 
A fiction ; a novel. 

RO-MANCE', v. i. To write or tell fictitious sto- 
ries ; to lie. 

RO-MAN'CER, n. One who forms tales; a writer 
of romance. 

RO-MAN-fiSQUE' (-eskO, n. In painting, that 
which appertains to romance ; the common dia- 
lect of some of the southern provinces in France. 

Ro'MAN-ISM, n. Tenets of the Church of Rome. 

Ro'MAN-IST, n. One who professes the Roman 
Catholic religion ; a papist. 

Ro'MAN-lZE, v. t. To convert to the religion or 
opinions of the Roman ..Catholics. 

RD'MAN-IZE, v. i. To conform to Roman Catho- 
lic opinions, customs, &c. 

RO-MANSH', n. The language of the Grisons. 

RO-MaN'TI€, a. Pertaining to romance ; resem- 
bling the tales of romance ; wild ; fanciful ; chi- 
merical ; fictitious. See Sentimental. [ly. 

RO-MAN'TI€-AL-LY, ad. Wildly ; extravagant- 

RO-MAN'TI-CISM, n. State of being romantic. 

RO-MAN'TI€-NESS,ra. "Wildness; extravagance. 

RoM'ISH, a. Belonging or relating to Rome or to 
the Roman Catholic religion. 

RoM'IST, n. A Roman Catholic. 

ROMP, n. A rude girl fond of boisterous play; 
rude play or frolic. 

R6MP, v. i. To play rudely or boisterously. 

ROMP'ISH, a. Given to romping or rude play. 

ROMP'ISH -NESS, n. Practice of romping or dis- 
position to romp. 

RON-DEAU' (ron-do'),) n. A kind of poetry in 

RON'DO, / three couplets, or piece 

of music in three strains; a jig that ends with 
the first strain repeated. 

ROOD, n. The cross, or an image of Christ on 
the cross, with the Virgin Mary and a saint, or 
St. John, on each side of it ; the fourth of an 
acre. 

ROOF, n. The upper covering of a building ; the 
upper covering of some cavity or hollow space, 
as the roof of the mouth. 

ROOF, v. t. To cover or inclose with a roof. 

ROOF'ING, n. Act of covering with a roof; ma- 
terials for a roof. 

ROOF'LESS, a. Having no roof; having no house 
or home; unsheltered. 

ROOF'Y, a. Having roofs. 

ROOK, n. A bird resembling a crow; a cheat; a 
rapacious fellow ; a piece at chess. 

ROOK, v. t. or v. i. To cheat; to defraud. 

ROOK'ER-Y, n. A nursery of rooks. 

ROOK'Y, a. Inhabited by rooks. 

ROOM, n. Space, literal or figurative, especially 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, bull ; vi"cious. — o as k ; g as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; tuts. * Not English. 



ROO 



394 



ROU 



as answering a purpose, or in reference to some 
occupancy or use of it, as we lacked room; there 
is no room for doubt: hence, an apartment in a 
house; opportunity; stead. — Syn. Space; place; 
extent. 

ROOM, v. i. To lodge : to occupy an apartment. 

ROOM'I-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
roomy; spaciousness. 

ROOM'Y, a. Having ample room.— Syn. Spacious ; 
capacious. 

ROOST, n. A place on which fowls rest. 

ROOST, v. i. To rest as a bird at night; in bur- 
lesque, to lodge. 

ROOST'ER, n. The male of the domestic fowl ; a 
cock. 

ROOT, n. The part of a plant which shoots into 
the earth, supporting and nourishing the parts 
above, the lower part of a thing, as analogous in 
position, function, &c, to the root of a plant ; 
hence, figuratively, original ; first cause ; an- 
cestor. [It is an error to shorten this into root.] 

ROOT, v. i. To take root ; to be firmly fixed.' ' 

ROOT, v. t. or v. i. To plant deeply ; to turn up 
the earth with the snout, as swine. 

ROOT'ED, a. Firmly fixed, as by deep roots, as 
rooted prejudices. 

ROOT'ED-LY, ad. Deeply; from the heart. 

ROOT'LET, n. A little root ; a radicle. 

ROOT'Y, a. Full of roots. 

RoPE, n. A large cord ; a line of things con- 
nected. 

RoPE, v. i. To draw out into threads, as a viscous 
_suhstance. 

RoPE'-DAN-CER, n. One who walks on a stretch- 
ed rope. 

RoPE'- WALK (-wawk),\ n. A place where ropes 

RoP'ER-Y,' j are made. 

RoPE'-YXRN, n. Threads to be twisted into ropes. 

RoP'I-NESS, to. Capability of being drawn out 
without breaking, as of glutinous substances; 
jtringiness; viscousness. 

RoP'Y, a. Stringy; glutinous; viscid. 

+ROQ/UE-LAUR (rok'e-lor), n. [Fr.] A man's 
^loak. 

Ro'RAL, a. Pertaining to dew ; dewy. 

RO-RiF'ER-OUS, a. Generating or producing 
dew. 

RoR'QUAL, n. A species of whale. 

RO-Sa'CEOUS (-zfi'shus), a. Resembling a rose. 

Ro'SA-RY, n. A bed of roses, or place where 
roses grow ; a string of beads used by the Roman 
Catholics, on which they count their prayers. 

ROSE (roze), n. A plant and flower of many spe- 
cies and varieties. Under the rose {sub rosa), in 
secret ; privately. 

Ro'SE-AL (rd'zhe-al), a. Like a rose. 

Ro'SE-ATE (ro'zhe-ate), a. Rosy; full of roses; 
of a rose color ; blooming. 

E5S E'MA-RY, n. A plant fragrant and pungent. 

Ro'$ET, n. A red color used by painters. 

RO-$kTTE', n. An imitation of a rose, made of 
ribbon, and worn ornamentally; an architectural 
ornament in the form of a rose. 

Ro$E'-WA-TER, n. Water tinctured with roses 
by distillation. 

Ro*E'-WOOD, n. A fine cabinet-wood from a 
tree growing in warm climates. 

RO$-I-€Ru'CIAN (roz-e-kru'shan), n. The Rosi- 
erucians were a sect of alchemists or visionary 
philosophers, who, in the fourteenth century, 
made great pretensions to science; a. pertaining 
to Rosicrucians or their arts. 

RoS'IN, n. Inspissated turpentine. 

RoS'lN, v. t. To rub with rosin. See Resin. 

Ro SI-NESS (ro'ze-ness), n. The quality of being 
rosy or rose-like in color. 

Ro$'IN-Y (roz'e-ny), a. Partaking of rosin ; like 
rosin. 

RoSS, n. The external rough bark of a tree. 

ROS'TEL, n. The descending part of a seed. 



RoS'TRAL, a. Resembling the beak of a ship, &c. 

RoS'TRATE, a. Furnished with beaks. 

RoS'TRa-TED, a. Adorned with a beak. 

RoS'TRI-FORM, a. Of the form of a beak. 

RoS'T RUM, n. ; pi. Ros'tka. A beak ; a plat- 
form or elevated place for orators. 

Ro'SY, a. Like a rose; red as a rose; blooming ; 
blushing. 

RoT, v. i. To be decomposed by natural process, 
used of animal and vegetable substances ; to pu- 
trefy. 

R5T, v. t. To make putrid ; to cause to be decom- 
posed. 

ROT, n. Putrefaction ; decay ; a distemper in 
_sheep. 

Ro'TA, n. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, com- 
posed of twelve prelates. 

Ro'TA-RY, a. Turning like a wheel. 

Ro' TATE, a. Wheel-shaped. 

Ro'TaTE, v. i. To turn round an axis, as a wheel ; 
_to revolve. 

Ro'TaTE, v. t. To cause to turn round an axis. 

RO-Ta'TION, n. The act of turning as a wheel 
or solid body on its own axis; vicissitude of suc- 
cession, or taking in turn, as rotation in office. 

Ro'TA-TiVE, a. Turning; whirling round. 

Ro'TA-TO-RY, a. Turning on an axis, as a wheel ; 
going in a circle ; following in succession. — Syn. 
JRotary ; rotative ; rotating. 

RoTE, n. Properly, a round of words; frequent 
Repetition of words or sounds without rule. 

RoTE, v. t. and v. i. To fix in the memory by 
means of frequent repetitions; to go out by ro- 
tation. 

RoT'T.EN (rot'tn), a. Putrid; carious; defective. 

RoT'T.EN-NESS (rot'tn-ness), n. The quality of 
being rotten ; putrefaction ; cariousness ; un- 
soundness. 

RoT'Tj&'N-SToNE, n. A soft stone used for pol- 
ishing, called also Tripoli. 

RO-TuND', a. Round; spherical; circular. 

RO-TuN'DA,t n. Any circular erection, round 

RO-TuN'DO,f both on the outside and inside. 

RO-TUND-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. Having round leaves. 

RO-TC'ND'I-TY, n. Roundness; sphericity. 

+RoU-E' (roo-a'), n. [i*V.] In the fashionable 
world, one devoted to a life of sensual pleasures ; 
a debauchee. 

RoUGE (roozh), n. A red paint for the face. 

RoUgE (roozh), v. t. or v. i. To paint the cheeks 
with rouge. 

ROUGH (riif), a. Having inequalities on the sur- 
face producing harshness to the touch; hence, 
harsh or offensive to any other sense, as taste, 
sight, hearing, or to the sensibilities, as rough 
wine, rough sounds, rough conduct, rough weath- 
er, &c. ; austere ; coarse : severe ; not wrought 
and polished, as a rough diamond. — Syn. Rug- 
ged; harsh; uneven. 

ROUGH, v. t. To rough it is to pursue a rough or 
rugged course. 

ROUGH-CAST (ruf'-kast), v. t. To form or mold 
rudely; to cover with plaster and shells. 

ROUGH'-€AST (riif'-kast), n. A rude model ; a 
mixture of plaster and shells or pebbles. 

ROUGH'-DRXUGHT (ruf'-driift), n. A draught 
in its rudiments; a draft not perfected. 

ROUGH' -DRAW (riif'-draw), v. t. To draw 
coarsely. 

ROUGH'.E'N (ruf'fn), v. t. or v. i. To make rough ; 
to grow rough. 

ROUGH'-HEW (ruf'-hu), v't. To hew coarsely. 

ROUGH'-HEWN (rtif'-hune), a. Hewed coarse; 
rugged. 

ROUGH'LY (ruf'ly), ad. Ruggedly; harshly; se- 
verely. 

ROUGH'NESS (ruf'ness), n. State or quality of 
being rough; unevenness of surface ; unpolished 
state; coarseness of manners; severity. — Syn. 
Ruggedness; harshness; asperity. 



a, b, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; tueee, terai; mae'ine, eikd; move, 



ROU 



RUD 



ROUGH' -SHOD (rfif-sluWD, a. Having shoes 

armed with points; calked. 
ROUGH'-WuRK (ruf'-wurk), v. t. To work over 

coarsely without regard to smoothness and finish. 
ROUGH'-WROUGH T (riif'-rawt), a. Wrought or 

done coarsely. 
+R0U-LEAU' (roo-16'), n. [F>\] A little roll. 
+RoU-L£TTE', n. [Fr.] A game of chance, in 

which a hall rolls round a circle of colored spaces. 
ROUNCE, n. The handle of a printing-press. 
ROUND, a. A generic term for any thing that has 

a circular or approximately circular outline, 

whether circular, cylindrical, or spherical ; hence, 

figuratively, full; smooth; unbroken; plump; 

fair, as a round sum, a round trot, a round lie. 
ROUND, n. A circle ; a circular body ; action or 

performance in a circle or recurring series; 

course ; circuit. 
ROUND, v. t. To make circular, cylindrical, or 

spherical ; to surround ; to make smooth and 

flowing. 
ROUND, v. i. To grow or become round; to go 

round. 
ROUND, ad. or prep. About; near; on all sides. 
ROUND'A-BOUT, a. Indirect; extensive. 
ROUND'E-LaY (-la), n. A poem or lay of a par- 
ticular structure in which parts are repeated. 
ROUND'HkAD (-hed), n. A name formerly given 

to the Puritans, from their custom of cropping the 

hair. 
ROUND'HOUSE, n. A constable's prison ; a room 

in a ship for particular officers. 

ROUND'ISH ' I a ' Somewhafc circular. 

ROUND'LET, n. A little circle. 

ROUND'LY, ad. In a round form; openly; bold- 
ly ; plainly. 

ROUMD'NESS, n. The quality of being round; 
circularity; sphericity; fullness; openness; bold- 
ness. 

ROUND -RIDgE, v. t. To form ridges by plow- 
ing. 

ROUND'-RoB-IN, n. A written petition or remon- 
strance, with names in a ring or circle. 

ROUNDS, n. pi. A walk or circuit performed by a 
guard or officer round the ramparts. 

RO(i$E (rouz), v. t. To bring to an active state 
from one of rest or inaction, as from sleep, idle- 
ness, &c. — Syn. To stir; excite, awake. 

ROUSE, v. i. To awake; to be excited to action. 

ROUS'ER, n. He or that which rouses or excites. 

ROUST, n. A torrent occasioned by a tide. 

ROUT, n. The breaking and defeat of a body of 
troops, or the putting of them to flight; a clam- 
orous or tumultuous multitude ; a fashionable 
assembly or large evening party. 

ROUT, v. t. To break the ranks of troops ; to put 
to flight and cause defeat and confusion. 

+R0UTE (root), n. IFr.] The course or way trav- 
eled ; a passing ; a march. 

Ro U- TiN E' (roo-teen'),n • Round or course of busi- 
ness ; recurring order of practice or pursuit ; any 
regular habit. 

RoVE, v. i. To move or travel without definite 
purpose or direction. — Sy:n. To ramble ; wander ; 
range. 

R5VE, v. t. To wander over; to draw a thread 
through an eye or aperture. 

RoV'ER, n. A wanderer; a pirate; a freebooter. 

RoW (ro), n. A line of persons or things; a rank; 
an excursion in a boat with oai-s. 

ROW (rou), n. A riotous noise; a disturbance. 

RoW (ro), v. t. To impel with oars. 

ROW'DY (rou'-), n. A turbulent, noisy fellow. 

ROWEL (rou'-), n. The little wheel of a spur 
formed with sharp points ; a seton. 

ROW'EL (rou'-), v. t. To insert a rowel in; to 
pierce the skin, and insert a roll of hair or silk. 

ROYV'EN (rou'-), n. The second growth of grass. 

RoW'ER (ro'er), n. One who rows with an oar. 



ROWLOCK, n. That part of a boat's gunwale on 
which the oar rests in rowing. 

ROY'AL, a. Pertaining to or becoming a king; 
noble. — Syn. Regal; kingly. 

ROY'AL. n. A large kind of paper; a Bail. 

ROY'AL-ISM, n. Attachment to a kingly govern- 
ment or to the principles of royalty. 

ROV'AL-IST, n. An adherent to a king, or one 
attached to a kinglv government. 

ROY'AL-IZE, v. t. To make royal. 

ROY'AL-LY, ad. In a royal or kingly manner. 

ROY'AL- 1 IES (roi'al-tiz), n. pi. Emblems of roy- 
alty; regalia; rights of a king; prerogatives. 

ROY'AL-TY, n. The character, state, or office of 
asking; a tax paid for the coining of money; a 
tax for other privileges; a tax paid an author for 
the right to print his book, same as copy-rigid 
money. 

ROYS'TER-ER. See Roisterer. 

ROB, v. i. To move along the surface of a body 
with pressure ; to chafe. 

ROB, v. t. To move something along the surface 
of a body with pressure; to apply repeated fric- 
tion ; to spread over by rubbing ; to wipe ; to 
clean; to polish; with down, to clean or puny; 
with off or out, to remove by rubbing; to erase; 
with up, to burnish; to awaken; to rouse to ac- 
tion, [sarcasm. 

ROB, n. The act of rubbing; friction: difficulty; 

ROB'BER, n. One who rubs; an instrument for 
rubbing ; a whetstone. India-rubber, caout- 
chouc. 

ROB'BISH, n. Waste or refuse matter; ruins; 
fragments ; any thing worthless. 

ROB'BLE, n. Rough, unhewn stone ; the upper, 
fragmentary, and decomposed portion of a stone 
quarry. 

RU-BE-Fa'CIENT (-fa'shent), a. Slaking red. 

RU-BkS'CENT, a. Tending to a red color. 

RD'BI-€AN (31), a. Bay, sorrel, or black, with a 
light gray or white upon the flanks. 

RC'BI-GON, n. To jjciss the Rubicon signifies to 
make a desperate step in an enterprise, as (Jjesar 
passed the river of that name to invade Italy. 

R0'BI-€UND, a. Inclined to redness. 

Ru'BIFD, a. Red, as a ruby. 

RU-BIFTG, a. Making red. 

RU-BI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of making red. 

RO'BI-FORM, a. Having the form of red. 

RU-BT'GO, n. Mildew ; rust on plants. 

RO'BLE, n. A silver coin of Russia, about seventy- 
five cents ; money of account in Russia. 

Ru'BRIG, a. Red. 

Ru'BRIC, n. Directions in a prayer-book, former- 
ly printed in red ; in the canon law, a title or ar- 
ticle in certain ancient law-books, so called be- 
cause written in red letters. 

Ru'BRI€-AL, a. Placed in rubrics; red. 

Ru'BY, n. ; pi. Ru'bies. A precious stone of a car- 
mine red color, and next in hardness and value 
to the diamond. 

RC'BY, v. t. To make red, or like a ruby in color. 

RO'BY, a. Of the color of a ruby; red. 

ROCK, n. A wrinkle; a fold; a plait. 

ROCK, v. t. To draw into wrinkles or folds; to 
crease ; v. i. to have a folded or ridgy surface ; 
usually with up, 

RU€-Ta'TION, n. Act of belching wind. 

ROD. n. Redness; blush; also red ocher. 

ROD'DER. n. The instrument with which a ship 
is steered ; that which guides or governs the 
course. 

ROD'DI-NESS, n. The quality of being ruddy; 
redness; a lively flesh red. 

ROD'DLE, n. A species of chalk or red earth. 

ROD'D Y, a. Red ; of a lively flesh color. 

RODE (31), a. In a rough state, or not improved 
by art or culture; hence, of coarse manners; un- 
civilized ; savage; ignorant; untaught; harsh; 
violent. 



dove, wolf, book; role, bull; vi"cious. — e as k; u as j; s as z; en as sn ; this. * Not English. 



RUD 



396 



RUN 



RODE'LY, ad. Roughly; harshly; unskillfully. 

RuDE'NESS, ft. The state or quality of being 
rude. 

RC'DI-MENT, ft. A first principle or element; 
the original of any thing in its first form; that 
which is to be first learned. 

RC'DI-MENT, v. t. To initiate in first principles 
(obs.). 

RU-DI-MENT'AL, 1 a. Initial ; pertaining to 

RU-DI-MENT'A-RY,f rudiments. 

ROE (rii), ft. A very bitter plant. 

ROE (ru), v. t. To lament; to regret; to grieve 
for. 

RuE'FUL (ru'ful), a. Sorrowful ; woeful ; lament- 
able. 

RCE'FUL-LY, ad. Mournfully; woefully. 

ROE'FUL-NESS,ft. Mournfulness ; sorrowfulness. 

RGFF, ft. A plaited cloth worn by females round 
the neck ; a fish ; a bird ; pride ; elevation. 

RuFF, v. t. To ruffle ; to disorder. 

ROF'FIAN (ruf'yan), ft. A boisterous, brutal fel- 
low; a robber; a cut-throat. 

RuF'FIAN, a. As of a ruffian; brutal; savage; 
cruel. 

RuF'FIAN-ISH, a. Having the qualities of a ruf- 
fian. 

ROF'FIAN-ISM (ruf'yan-izm), ?i. The act or con- 
duct of a ruffian. 

ROF'FIAN-LlKE, > a. Like a ruffian; bold in 

ROF'FIAN-LY, j crime; violent. 

ROF'FLE, v. i. To grow rough or turbulent; to 
flutter. 

RuF'FLE, v. t. To draw or contract into wrink- 
les ; to roughen or disturb a smooth surface ; to 
disturb a quiet state, as of the mind ; to furnish 
with ruffles; to fret; to vex; to disturb. 

RuF'FLE, ft. An ornament of plaited cambric; 
agitation; disturbance of passion. 

RuF'FLE,} ft. A particular beat or roll of the 

RuFF, j" drum, used as a mark of respect ; v. 
t. to sound this particular beat of the drum. 

Ru'FOUS (31), a. Of a yellowish red color. 

ROG, ft, A coarse, nappy woolen cloth, used for a 
bed-cover, or for covering the carpet before the 
fire. 

RO'GATE, a. Having alternate ridges and depres- 
sions; wrinkled. 

ROG'GED, a. Rough or broken and uneven; 
rough, figuratively, as in temper, or to the ear or 
other senses; harsh; violent; strong. 

ROG'GED-LY, ad. In a rough or rugged manner. 

RuG'GED-NESS, ft. The quality or state of being 
rugged; roughness; asperity. 

Ru'g'iNE (31) jTu'jeen), n. A surgeon's rasp. 

RG'GOUS } a - Ful1 of wrinkles i wrinkled. 

RU-GoS'I-TY, n. A state of being wrinkled. 

RO'IN, ft. That change of any thing which de- 
stroys it or unfits it for its proper use ; pJ. the re- 
mains of any thing destroyed or overthrown, as 
the ruins of Nineveh. — Syn. Fall ; overthrow ; 
destruction. 

RO'IN, v. t. To destroy utterly ; to entirely unfit 
any thing for its proper end or uses ; to demolish ; 
to spoil. 

RU-IN-a'TION, n. Subversion ; overthrow. 

Ru'IX-ER, n. One that ruins or destroys. 

Ru'IN-OUS, a. Bringing or tending to bring ruin ; 
destructive; fatal; fallen; entirely decayed. 

RC'IN-OUS-LY, ad. In a ruinous manner; de- 
structively. 

Ru'IN-OUS-NESS, ft. The state or quality of be- 
ing ruinous. 

Rf L'A-BLE, a. Accordant to rule. 

RuLE (31), n. That which is established for direc- 
tion; sway; command; government; an instru- 
ment by which lines are drawn. 

RULE, v. t. To govern; to control the will of oth- 
ers ; to command ; to direct ; to draw lines. 

RuLE, v. i. To have power or command, with 



over ; to lay down and settle as a rule ; to be as a 
rule or in general, as prices rule lower. 

RuL'ER, n. One who rules or exercises power over 
others; an instrument for drawing lines. 

ROL'ING, a. That bears rule. or sway; predomi- 
nant; controlling, as ruling passion. 

ROM, n. A spirit distilled from cane-juice or from 
the treacle which drains from sugar. 

ROM, a. Old-fashioned ; queer ; odd. {A cant 
word.] 

ROM'BLE, v. i. To make a low, heavy noise, as 
thunder rumbles at a distance. 

ROM'BLER, ft. The person or thing that rumbles. 

ROM'BLING, ft. A low, heavy, continued sound. 

ROM'BLING, a. Making a low, heavy, continued 
sound. 

+R0'MEN (31), ft. {.L.I The cud of a ruminant ; 
upper stomach of animals which chew the cud. 

Rf 'MI-NANT, a. Chewing the cud. 

RO'MI-NANT, n. An animal that chews the cud. 

RU-MI-NaN'TIA, n. pi. An order of animals that 
chew the cud. 

RO'MI-NaTE, v. i. To chew the cud ; to medi- 
tate; v. t. to chew over again; to muse on or 
meditate over and over. 

RU-MI-Na'TION, ft. The act or power of chew- 
ing the_cud ; meditation ; deliberate reflection. 

Ru'MI-Na-TOR, ft. One that ruminates or muses. 

ROM'MAgE, ft. A close search. 

ROM'MAgE, v. t. To search diligently by looking 
into every corner, turning over and removing 
goods or other things. 

Ru'MOR, ft. Flying or popular report; a current 
story passing from one person to another without 
authentication ; fame. — Syn. Report ; hearsay ; 
story. 

Ru'MOR (31), v. t. To report; to spread by report. 

RC'MOR-ER, ft. A reporter; a teller of news. 

ROMP, ft. The end of the back-bone of an animal 
with the parts adjacent; the buttocks. 

ROM'PLE, v. t. To wrinkle; to make uneven, as 
to rumple linen. 

ROM'PLE, ft. An irregular plait, fold, or wrinkle. 

ROMP'LESS, a. Destitute of a tail. 

RuM'PUS, ft. A disturbance ; noise and confusion. 

RON, v. i. {pret. Ran or Run ; pp. Run.] To move 
with rapidity ; to pass ; to flow ; to run aicay, to 
flee; to escape; to run away vrith, to convey 
away; to adopt hastily without thought; to run 
on, to be continued; to press with ridicule; to 
run over, to overflow ; to run out, to come to an 
end; to expatiate; to run iq), to rise; increase; 
to amount ; to run riot, to go to the utmost ex- 
cess. 

RON, v. t. To drive or cause to be driven; to 
cause to move or pass; to force; to thrust; to 
melt ; to form in a mold ; to incur ; to run 
down, to run again st and sink ; to crush ; to dis- 
parage ; to run hard, to press importunately or 
with ridicule, &c. ; to run over, to consider or 
view cursorily ; to run through, to expend ; to 
waste; to run up, to increase; to thrust up. 

RON, ft. The act of running; course; reception; 
small stream ; unusual demands on a bank. 

RuN'A-GaTE, ft. A fugitive; an apostate. 

RON'A-WaY (run'a-wii), a. A fugitive ; a desert- 
er; one that de^e'ts lawful service. 

RON'DLE, ft. The round of a ladder. 

ROND'LET, ) ft. A small cask or barrel of no cer- 

RON'LET, J tain dimensions. 

RONE (31), ft. The Runic letter or character. 

Ru'NER, ft. A bard among the ancient Goths. 

RONES (runz), n. pi. Gothic poetry or rhymes. 

Ru'NI-G, a. An epithet applied to the language 
and letters of the ancient Goths. 

RON'LET, ft. A little stream or brook. 

RuN'NEL, ft. A rivulet or small brook. 

RON'NER, n. He or that which runs; a messen- 
ger; a timber on which a sled slides. 

RON'NET, ft. The prepared inner membrane of a 



A, E, CJC 



long. 



£, &C., short. — CAEE, FAR, LAST, FALL, "WHAT ; THERE, TKRAI ; MARINE, LlUi) ; MOVE, 



RUN 



397 



SAC 



calfs stomach used for coagulating milk for 
cheese. It is also written rennet. 

RfiNN'ION (run'yun), n. A paltry wretch. 

BuNT, n. Any animal below the usual size of the 
species. 

RU-PEE', n. An East Indian coin. The silver ru- 
pee is valued at 4(5 cents, the gold at 7 dollars. 

RuPT'uRE (riipt'yur), n. The act of breaking; 
the state of being broken or violently parted ; a 
breach ; hernia. 

RuPT'uRE, v. t. To break; to burst; to part by 
violence ; to suffer rupture of. I 

Ru'RAL (31), a. Belonging to or suiting the coun- 
try.— Syn. Rustic— Rural (from roes, ruris) refers 
to the country itself, as rural scenes, prospects, 
delights, &c. ; rustic (from rusticus, a boor) re- 
fers to the character, condition, taste, &c, of the 
original inhabitants of the country, who were un- 
cultivated and coarse, as rustic manners, a rustic 
dress, a rustic bridge, &c. 

Rfj'RAL-IST, n. One that leads a country life. 

Ru'RAL-LY, ad. As in the country. 

RC'RAL-NESS, n. Quality of being rural. 

+R0SE, n. [Fr.J Artifice; trick ; stratagem; wile; 
fraud ; deceit. 

+RCSE DE GUfcRRE (ruze de gar), n. [i<>.] A 
stratagem of war. 

RuSH, n. A pushing or passing forward with haste ; 
a violent motion; a plant growing mostly in wet 
grounds. 

RuSH, v. i. To pass or move with vehemence; to 
enter with undue eagerness. 

RuSH'ER, n. One who rushes forward. 

RuSH'I-NESS, n. State of abounding with rushes. 

RuSH'-LIGHT (-lite), n. A candle of rush-wick ; 
a small, feeble light. 

RuSH'Y, a. Abounding with or made of rushes. 

RuSK, n. A species of cake or biscuit slightly 
sweetened ; hard bread. 

RuSS, a. Pertaining to the Russ or to Russians; 
n. the language of the Russ or Russians. 

RuS'SET, a. Of a reddish-brown color. 

RuS'SET, ) n. An apple of a russet color and 

RuS'SET-INGJ rough skin. 

RuS'SIAN or ROS'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Russia ; 
n. a native of Russia. 

RuST, n. The oxyd of a metal, particularly the 
reddish coating on iron exj)osed to dampness ; any 
foul extraneous matter. 

RuST, v. i. To be oxydized ; to contract rust, as 
iron exposed in moist air ; to become dull by in- 
action. 

RuST, v. t. To cause to contract rust; to impair 
by time and inactivity. 

RuS'TIC, a. Pertaining to the country ; rude ; un- 
polished ; coarse ; simple ; rural, which see. 

RuS'TIC, n. An inhabitant of the country. 

RuS'TIC-AL, a. Pertaining to the country ; rural. 

RuS'TIC-AL-LY, ad. Rudely ; clownishly. 

RuS'TIC-AL-NESS, ru Rudeness; want of refine- 
ment. 

ROS'TIC-aTE, v. i. To reside in the country. 

RuS'TIC-aTE, v. t. To compel to reside in the 
country ; to banish from a town or college for a 
time. 

RUS-TI-Ca'TION, n. Residence in the country; 
a punishment by which the student of college is 
obliged to reside in the country. 

RUS-TIC'I-TY (xtis'e-ty), n. Rustic manners; 
rudeness; simplicity; artlessness. 

RuST'I-LY, ad. In a rusty manner. 

RuST'I-NESS, n. Quality of being rusty. 

RuS'TLE (riis'sl), v. i. To make a low, rattling 
noise, like the rubbing of silk or dry leaves. 

RuS'TLING (rus'sling), n. A quick succession of 
small sounds, as of dry leaves. 

RuST'Y, a. Covered with rust; impaired by inac- 
tion or neglect of use ; dull ; morose ; covered 
with foul or extraneous matter. 

RuT, v. i. To have eager desire, as a deer. 



RuT, n. The track of a wheel. 
ROTH (31), n. Mercy; pity: tenderness. 
RCTH'LESS, a. Cruel; pitiless; barbarous. 
Rf TH'LESS-LY, ad. Without pity or mercy. 
RCTII'LESS-NESS, n. Cruelty; want of pity. 
ROT'TY, a. Abounding in ruts. 
RY'DER, n. A clause added to a bill in Parlia- 
ment. See Rider. 
RyE (ri), n. An esculent grain. 
RI'OT, n. A renter of land in India; a peasant. 



S. 



Q is a sibilant consonant, whose sound can be pro- 

^ longed at pleasure. At the beginning of words 
it generally represents a mere hissing sound, as 
in sack, sin. In the middle and end of words it 
often represents the vocal hissing sound of the 
letter z, as in praise. 

SaB'A-OTH, n. [Heb.] Armies; hosts. 

SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Sabbath, 
or to those who keep Saturday, or the seventh 
day of the week, as the Sabbath. 

SaB'BATH, n. The day of rest, to be kept holy ; 
the sabbatical year among the Israelites; inter- 
mission of pain or sorrow. — Syn. Sunday. — Sab- 
bath is not strictly synonymous with Sunday. 
Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the 
name of the first day of the week. The Sabbath 
of the Jews is on Saturday, and the Sabbath of 
the Christians on Sunday. In New England, the 
first day of the week has been called "the Sab- 
bath," to mark it as holy time; Sunday is the 
word commonly used in the southern parts of our 
country and in England. 

SaB'BATH-BREaK'ER (-bra'ker), n. One who 
profanes the Sabbath. 

SAB-BAT'IC, ) a. Pertaining to the Sabbath ; 

SAB-BAT'IC-AL,j resembling the Sabbath. 

SAB'BAT-I$M, n. Rest; intermission of labor. 

Sa'BERJ n. A sword or cimeter with a broad and 

Sa'BRE,J heavy blade. 

SX'BRE \ v - L To strike ' cut ' or kin ^h a sater - 

Sa'BI-AN, n. A worshiper of the sun, &c. 

Sa'BI-AN-ISM, n. Idolatry which consists in the 
_worship of the sun, moon, and stars. 

Sa'BLE (sa'bl), n. An animal of the weasel kind ; 
the fur of the sable. 

Sa'BLE (sa'bl), a. [Fr.] Dark; dusky; black; 
used chiefly in poetry or in heraldry. 

Sa'BLE i'RON, n. A superior kind of iron, stamp- 
ed with the figure of a sable, the ancient arms of 
_Russia. 

Sa'BRE, n. A cimeter. See Saber. g 

SAB-u-LoS'I-TY, n. Sandiness; grittiness. 

SaB'u-LOUS (sab'yu-lus), a. Sandy; gritty. 

SAC, n. A bag or receptacle for a liquid. See 
Sack._ 

SAC-CaDE', n. A sudden, violent check of a 
horse by twitching with one pull. 

SA€-CHA-RiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing sugar. 

SAC-€HaR'I-Fy (sak-kar'e-fi), v. t. To convert 
into sugar. 

SaC'CHA-RiNE, a. Pertaining to sugar ; having 
the qualities of sugar. 

Sa€'€HA-ROID, ) a. Resembling sugar in 

SA€-€HA-ROID'AL,j texture, and most com- 
monly loaf-sugar. 

SAC-CHA-RoAt'E-TER, n. An instrument for as- 
certaining the proportion of saccharine matter in 
a liquid or the specific gravity of worts. 

SAC-ER-Do'TAL, a. Priestly ; pertaining to 
priests. 

SACH'EL, n. A small sack or bag for books. &c. 

Sa'CHEM, n. The chief of an Indian tribe. ' 

SACK, n. A bag; usually a large coarse bag for 
com, wool, &c. ; the pillage or storm of a town ; 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; RULE, BULL : 



.— € asii; (iasj; s as z ; en as su ; this. + Not English. 



SAC 



398 



SAG 



plunder; Canary wine; the measure of three 
bushels; a kind of loose garment. 

SACK, v. t. To put in a sack ; to plunder or pil- 
lage, as a town or city. 

SaCK'AgE, n. Act of storming and plundering. 

SaCK'BUT, n. A wind instrument of music. 

SACK't'LOTH, n. Cloth for sacks or mourning; 
coarse cloth. [it. 

SaCK'ER, n. One who takes a town or plunders 

SACK'FT'L, n. A full hag or sack. 

SaCK-P'GS'SET, n. A drink made of sack, milk, 
&c. 

SaC'RA-MENT, n. Literally, an oath. Protest- 
ants apply this term to baptism and the Lord's 
Supper, especially the latter. The Romish and 
Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz., 
confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, 
and extreme unction. — Syn. Eucharist. — As sac- 
rament denotes an oath or vow, the word has been 
applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper, 
where the most sacred vows are renewed by the 
Christian in commemorating the death of his Re- 
deemer. Eucharist d enotes the giving of thanks, 
and this term also has been applied to the same 
ordinance, as expressing the grateful remem- 
brance of Christ's sufferings and death. 

SA€-RA-MENT'AL, «. Pertaining to the Eucha- 
rist ; constituting a sacrament or pertaining to it ; 
sacredly binding. 

SA€-RA-MeNT'AL-LY, ad. After the manner of 
a sacrament. 

SAC-RA-MkNTA-RY, \ a. Pertaining to the 

SA€-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN,j sacraments. 

Sa'CRED, a. Separated from common and conse- 
crated to religions uses; pertaining to God or to 
religion ; entitled to reverence ; inviolable ; with 
to, consecrated. — Syn. Holv; consecrated. 

Sa'CRED-LY, ad. Religiously ; inviolably. 

Sa'CRED-NESS, n. State or quality of being sa- 
cred or holy. — Syn. Holiness ; sanctity; inviola- 
bleness. 

SA-€R!F'I€, a. Employed in sacrifice. 

SA-€RiF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Offering sacrifice. 

SAC'RI-FICE (sak'ri-flze), v. t. To kill and offer 
to God in worship or as an atonement; to immo- 
late; to devote with loss; to destroy or gr%e up 
for something else, with to. 

SaC'RI-FTCE, v. i. To offer sacrifices. 

SACRI-FiCE (sak'ri-flze), n. An offering to God 
for a religious purpose or by a religious act; de- 
struction or loss incurred for gaining some object 
or obliging some one ; any thing destroyed. — 
Syn. Offering; oblation. 

SACRI-FlC-ER (-f iz-er), n. One who sacrifices or 
immolates. 

SA€-RI-Fi"CIAL (-fish'al), a. Pertaining to sac- 
rifice. 

SaC'RI-LEgE, n. The crime of violating or pro- 
faning sacred things; the alienating to common 
purposes what has been appropriated to sacred 
persons or uses. 

SAC-RI-Le'gIOUS (-le'jus), a. Violating what is 
sacred ; polluted with the crime of sacrilege. 

SAC-RI-Le'gIOUS-LY, ad. With sacrilege; in 
violation of sacred things. 

SA€-RI-Le'gIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of be- 
ing sacrilegious; disposition to sacrilege. 

Sa€'RI-Le-gI ST, n. One guilty of sacrilege. 

SACRIS-TAN, n. A person whose duty is to copy 
music for a cathedral choir, and take care of the 
books and utensils of a church ; now written Sex- 
ton. 

SACRIS-TY, n. The vestry-room, or apartment 
in a church where the sacred utensils are kept. 

SAD, a. Having the appearance of sorrow; sor- 
rowful; habitually melancholy; serious; afflict- 
ive ; weighty ; vexatious, as a sad husband. 

SaD'D#N (53) (sad'dn), v. t. To make sad or 
gloomy. 

SaD'DLE, n. A seat for the back of a horse to 



accommodate the rider; any thing in shape or 
position resembling a horse's saddle. 

SaD'DLE, v. t. To put a saddle on; to burden. 

SAD'DLE-BoW (sad'dl-bo), n. The bows of a sad- 
dle, or the pieces which form the front. 

SaD'DLER, n. A maker of saddles. 

SaD'DLER-Y, n. A saddler's materials or trade. 

SAD'DLE-TREE, n. The frame of a saddle. 

SAD-DU-Ce'AN, a. Pertaining to the Sadducees. 

SaD'DU-CEE, n. One of a Jewish sect who de- 
nied the resurrection or future state. 

SaD'DU-CISM, n. The tenets of the Sadducees. 

SaD'i-RON ,(-i-urn), n. A flat iron for smoothing 
cloth. 

SaD'LY, ad. Sorrowfully ; mournfully : in a ca- 
lamitous or miserable manner. 

SaD'NESS, n. Sorrowfulness; heaviness of heart; 
dejection; seriousness: sedate gravity; grief, 
_which see. 

SaFE, a. Free from danger or harm ; conferring 
safety ; securing from harm ; no longer danger- 
ous. 

SaFE, n. A place for keeping things safe, as pro- 
visions; a fire-proof chest or closet for money, 
_papers, &c. 

SaFE-€oN'DU€T, n. That which gives a safe 
passage ; a passport ; a convoy ; a guard. 

SaFE'GUaRD (-gard), n. Any thing that protects 
_or defends ; a passport ; a warrant of security. 

SaFE'-KEEP-ING, n. Preservation from injury. 

SaFE'LY, ad. In a manner to secure from dan- 
ger; without injury ; in close custody. 

SaFE'NESS, n. Exemption from danger; the 
_state of being safe or of conferring safety. 

SaFE'TY, n. Freedom from danger or loss ; ex- 
emption from injury; preservation from escape ; 
_close custody; preservation from hurt. 

SaFE'TY-LaMP, n. A lamp covered with wire 
gauze, to give light in mines, without the dan- 
ger of setting fire to inflammable gases. 

SaFE'TY- VALVE, n. A valve by which steam 
escapes from a boiler when the pressure becomes 
too great for safety. 

SAF'FRON, n. A plant with a yellow flower ; a. 
like saffron in color ; yellow. 

SAG, v. i. To bend or yield from weight ; to swag ; 
to incline. 

SAG, v. t. To cause to bend or give way from 
weight or pressure. 

Sa'GA, n. Name of compositions comprising the 
history and mythology of the Northern Europe- 
an races. 

SA-Ga'CIOUS (-ga'shus), a. Quick of scent ; wise ; 
discerning; acute in discernment or penetration. 
See Shrewd. 

SA-Ga'CIOUS-LY (-ga'cious-ly), ad. With sa- 
gacity. 

SA-GAC'1-TY, n. Quick and clear discernment. — 
Syn. Penetration. — Penetration enables us to en- 
ter into the depths of an abstruse subject, to de- 
tect motives, plans, &c. Sagacity (from sagax, 
quick-scrnted) adds to penetration a keen, prac- 
tical judgment, which enables one to guard 
against the designs of others, and to turn every 
tiling to the best possible advantage. The Essays 
of Lord Bacon show a degree of sagacity, as well 
as penetration, which are found in scarcely any 
other work. 

SAG'A-MoRE, n. An Indian chief. 

SagE, a. Wise; judicious; discerning. 

SagE, n. A wise and venerable man ; a savory 
plant. 

SagE'LY, ad. Wisely; prudently; discreetly. 

SagE'NESS, n. Wisdom ; prudence ; skill. 

Sag'IT-TAL, a. Pertaining to or like an arrow. 

SAg-IT-Ta'RI-US, n. The archer, one of the 
twelve signs of the zodiac. 

Sag'IT-TA-RY, a. Pertaining to an arrow. 

Sag'IT-TA-RY, n. A centaur ; an animal, half 
man, half horse, armed with a bow and quiver. 



a, £, &c, long. — a, £, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; tiikiie, term; marine, bird ; move, 



SAG 



399 



SAL 



SX6'IT-TATE, a. Shaped like the head of an ar- 
row. 

Sa'GO, n. A mealy substance or granulated paste ; 
the pith of a species of palm-tree. 

PaIL (sfile), n. A sheet of canvas by which the 
wind impels a ship; hence, a ship or some other 
vessel ; an excursion in some vessel. 

SaIL, v. i. To move with sails, as a ship, or as in 
a ship, on water; to pass smoothly along. 

Sa.IL, v. t. To pass over by means of sails; to fly 
through ; to manage a vessel. 

SaIL'A-BLE (sal'a-bl), a. Navigable; that may 
be passed by ships. 

SaIL'-BoRNE, a. Borne or conveyed by sails. 

SaIL'ER, n. One that sails; a seaman; usually, 
sailor; a ship or other vessel, with reference to 
her speed or her manner of sailing. 

SaIL'IXG, 11. Act of moving in water or air; the 
movement of a vessel impelled along the surface 
of water by the action of wind on her sails; move- 
ment through the air; navigation. 

SaIL' LESS, a. Destitute of sails. 

SaIL'-L6FT, n. A room where sails are made. 

SaIL'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes sails. 

SaIL'OR, n. One who follows the business of nav- 
igating vessels.— Syn. Mariner; seaman. Chiefly 
applied to the common hands. 

SaIL'-YaRD, n. A spar to extend a sail. ■ 

SaINT, n. A person sanctified ; a holy person ; 
one canonized or enrolled among saints by the 
Roman Catholic Church. 

SaINT, v. t. To canonize ; to enroll or number 
among saints by an official act of the Pope; v. i. 
to act with a show of piety. 

SaINT'ED, a. Holy; pious; sacred. 

SaINT'-LIKE,? a. Resembling a saint; becom- 

SaIXT'LY, j ing a holy person. 

SaINT'SHIP, n. The character or state of a saint. 

SaINT Vi'TUS' DaXCE, n. A nervous affection, 
so called from the saint appealed to for its cure 
when it first appeared in Europe. 

SAKE, n. Cause ; purpose ; or purpose of obtain- 
ing; account; regard to any person or thing. 

+ SAL, n. [L.] Salt; a term used in chemistry. 

SaL'A-BLE, a. That finds a ready market; that 
_may or can be sold. 

SaL'A-BLE-XESS, n. State of being salable. 

SA-La'CIOUS (-la'shus), a. Lustful ; wanton ; 
lewd. 

SA-La'CIOUS-LY, ad. With eager animal appe- 
tite. 

SA-La'CIOUS-NESS, \ „ 

SA-LaC'I-TY (-las'e-tv), ) n ' 

SAL'AD, n. Raw herbs, dressed with vinegar, &c, 
and eaten as a relish. 

SA-LaM', n. Literally, peace or safety; an Ori- 
ental salutation of ceremony or respect. 

SaL'A-MAN-DER, n. A small species of lizard; 
an animal fabled to live in fire. 

SAL-A-MAX'DRiXE, a. Like a salamander; en- 
during fire. 

SAL'A-RY, n. A stated allowance for services, 
usually stipulated to be paid by the year ; sti- 
_pend ; pay; wages. 

SALE, 11. Act of selling ; the exchange of a com- 
modity for money of equivalent value ; power of 
selling; market; auction; state of being venal. 
— Syn. Sales by auction ; sales at auction. — In 
America the more prevalent expression has been 
"sales at auction," as if referring to the place 
where they are made. In England the form has 
always been "sales by auction," i.e., by an in- 
crease of bids (Lat. auctione). This latter form is 
now coming into use in our leading newspapers. 

SAl/E-BROUS, a. Rough, rugged. 

SAL-E-Ra'TUS, n. Aerated salt ; a carbonate of 
P-otash much used in cookery. 

SaLES'MAN, n. One who finds a market for the 
goods of another person or makes sales to cus- 
tomers. 



Lust; lustfulness. 



SaLE'WORK (-wurk), n. Work or things made 
for sale; hence, work carelessly done. 

SAL'IC, a. Excluding females from the throne. 

SaL'I-CINE, n. A bitter substance obtained from 
the willow. 

Sa'LI-ENT, a. Literally, shooting forth; hence, 
prominent. A salient angle points outward. 

SA-LIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing salt. 

SaL'I-Fi-A-BLE, a. Capable of combining with 
an acid to form a salt. 

SAL-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of salifying. 

SAL'I-Fv, v. t. To form into a salt by combining 
an acid with _an alkali, earth, or metal. 

SA-LlNE' or Sa'LINE, a. Salt ; consisting of salt ; 
partaking of the qualities of salt. 

SA-LIXE', n. A salt spring; a name given to the 
salt springs in the United States. 

SAL-1-NoM'E-TER, n. An instrument for testing 
the strength of salt. 

SA-Li'VA, n. The fluid secreted by the salivary 
glands, serving to moisten the mouth. — Syk. 
Spittle. 

SA-Ll'VAL, \ a. Secreting or conveying saliva, 

SAL'I-VA-RY, j as the glands and ducts; relat- 
ing to saliva. 

SaL'I-VaTE, v. t. To excite an unsual discharge 
of saliva, usually by mercury; to produce ptyal- 
ism in a person. 

SAL-1-Va'TION, n. Act of salivating, or of in- 
ducing increased secretion of saliva. — Syn. Pty- 
alism. 

SAL'LoW (sal'lo), n. A tree of the willow kind. 

SAL'LoW (sal'lo), a. Having a pale, sickly, yel- 
lowish color. 

SAL'LoW'NESS, n. Yellowness; sickly, yellow- 
ish paleness. 

SaL'LY, n. A springing or darting forth ; a 
marching of troops from a place to attack the be- 
siegers; a sprightly exertion of some faculty, as 
fancy, wit, &c. ; wild gayety; exuberance; frolic. 

SAL'LY, v. i. To rush or issue from a fortress or 
town, as troops to attack besiegers; to issue sud- 
denly. 

SaL'LY-PoRT, n. A gate through which troops 
sally. 

SAL-MA-GuN'Di, n. A mess of chopped meat 
and pickled herring seasoned ; a mixture of va- 
rious ingredients. 

SAL'MON (sarn'mun), n. A large fish of northern 
climates, with flesh of a yellowish-red color, and 
much esteemed for food. 

SA-LOON', ii. A spacious hall or room for com- 
pany or state. [The French salon, in the same 
sense, often occurs.] 

SALSI-FY (sal'se-fy), n. A plant having a long 
root and sweetish taste, called also Oyster-plant. 

SAL-Su'Gl-NOUS, a. Saltish; somewhat salt. 

SALT (sawlt), n. A substance (chlorid of sodium) 
used for seasoning certain kinds of food, and for 
the preservation of meat, &c. ; in chemistry, a 
body composed of an acid united with some base ; 
taste; savor; wit; poignancj, as Attic salt. 

SALT, v. t. To season or sprinkle with salt. 

SALT, a. Having the taste of salt; impregnated 
with salt ; abounding with salt. 

SAL'TANT, a. Leaping; dancing. 

SAL-Ta'TION, n. A leaping; a beating. 

SaL'TA-TO-RY, a. Leaping ; used in leaping. 

SALT'-CeL-LAR, ii. A small vessel to hold salt 
on the table. 

SALT'ER, n. One who salts or who sells salt. 

SALT'ERN,_n. A place where salt is made. 

SaL'TI-GRaDE, a. Formed for leaping. 

SALT'ISH, a. Somewhat salt 

SALT'-MXRSH, n. Grass-land subject to the 
overflowing of salt water. 

SALT'NESS, n. Quality of being salt; taste of 
salt. 

SALT'-PaN t ,\ n. A pan, basin, or pit where salt 

SALT'-PIT, / is made or obtained. 



SAL 



400 



SAN 



,) n. A mineral salt composed of 
i J 



SALT-PE'TER 

SALT-Pe'TRE, / nitric acid and potassa ; ni 
irate of_potash ; also called niter. 

SALT-PE'TROUS, a. Pertaining to saltpeter or 
partaking of its qualities. 

SALT-RHEuM' (-rurne), n. Herpes ; a cutaneous 
eruption. 

SALTS, n. pi. The popular name of certain chem- 
ical salts used in medicine, as Glauber's, Epsom, 
&c. ; salt water flowing up rivers. 

SA-Lu'BRi-OUS (28), a. Favorable to or promot- 
ing health. — Syn. Healthful ; wholesome. 

SA-Lu'BRI-OUS-LY, ad. So as to promote health. 

SA-Lu'BRI-QUS-NESS, n. The quality of being 
salubrious. 

SA-Lu'BRI-TY, n. Wholesomeness ; favorable- 
ness to the preservation of health. 

SAL'u-TA-RI-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing salutary. 

SAL'u-TA-RY, a. Promoting health or good ; pro- 
motive of public safety ; contributing to some 
beneficial purpose. — Syn. "Wholesome ; health- 
ful ; beneficial ; advantageous. 

SAL-u-TA'TION (sal-yu-tfi'shun), n. Act of salut- 
ing ; act of addressing another when meeting 
him. — Syn. Greeting; salute. — A greeting is liter- 
ally an outcry or exclamation, and hence usually 
denotes some warm expression of feeling when 
one meets another. Salutation and salute (from 
salus) signify literally a wishing of health. Sal- 
utation, however, is the act of the person salut- 
ing, while salute is the thing given, i. e., the 
thing received by the person addressed. A bow 
is given by way of salutation, and a lady some- 
times receives the salute of a kiss. Salute is also 
used for something more formal, as the firing 
of guns by way of salute. 

SA-LU-TA-To'RI-AN, n. A student in a college 
who pronounces the salutatory oration. 

SA-Lu'i A-TO-RY, a. Greeting; containing con- 
gratulations, an epithet applied to the oration 
which introduces the exercises of the commence- 
ments in our American colleges. 

SA-LuTE' (28), v. t. To wish health to; hence, to 
■ greet; to kiss; to honor by some appropriate act, 
as firing cannon, &c. 

SA-LuTE', n. Act of expressing kind wishes ; a 
kiss ; a discharge of cannon ; a striking of colors. 
See Salutation. 

SaL'VA-BLE, a. Capable of being saved. 

SALXi'-mL'lJTYf '[ * State ° f being salvaWe - 

SaL'VAgE, n. In commerce, a reward or recom- 
pense allowed by law for the saving of a ship or 
goods from loss at sea, either by shipwreck or 
other means. 

SAL-A 7 a'TI0N, n. The act of saving; preserva- 
tion from destruction or danger; deliverance 
from sin and eternal death. 

SaL'VA-TO-RY, n. A place for preserving things. 

SALVE (sav), n. A substance or adhesive compo- 
sition for covering sores ; when spread on leather, 
it is called a plaster ; a help ; a remedy. 

SaLVE, v. t. To remedy by a salve; to help or 
palliate by a salvo or excuse. 

SAL'VER, n. A piece of plate with a foot; a 
waiter on which any thing is presented. 

SAL'VO, n. ; pi. ^al'yos. An exception ; an ex- 
cuse ; a reservation ; a military or naval salute. 

SaL'VOR, n. One who saves a ship or goods. 

SA-MAR'I-TAN, n. An inhabitant of Samaria. 

SA- MART-TAN, a. Pertaining to Samaria. 

SAM 'BO, n. The offspring of a black person and a 
mulatto. 

SAME, a. Identical; not different or other; ex 
actiy similar. 

SAME'NESS, n. Identity; uniformity; near re- 
semblance; similarity; correspondence. 

Sa'MI-EL, \ n. A destructive hot wind in Arabia 

SI-MOOM',) and the adjacent countries. 



SAMP, n. A food composed of maize broken 
coarse, boiled and eaten with milk. 

SAM'PHiEE, n. A plant which grows, on rocks 
washed by the sea, used for pickling. 

SAM'PLE, v. t. To take samples of, as to sample 
goods. 

SAM'PLE, n. A part of any thing presented for in- 
spection as evidence of the quality of the whole. 
— Syn. Example ; s%>ecimen, which see. 

SAM'PLER, n. A pattern of needle-work. 

^^Sl&ess,}" n - state of beiDg curable - 

SAN'A-BLE, a. That may be cured. 

SA-Na'TION, n. The act or process of healing. 

SAN'A-TiVE, a. Healing ; adapted to cure. 

SAN'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The power of healing. 

SAN'A-TO-EY. See Sanitaey. 

SANG-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of making holy ; 
consecration. 

SAN€'TI-Fi-ER, n. One who sanctifies or makes 
holy ; pre-eminently, the Holy Spirit. 

SAN€'TI-Fy, v. t. In a general sense, to cleanse, 
purify, or make holy; to separate, set apart, or 
appoint to a holy use ; to make holy ; to make the 
means of holiness ; to make free from guilt ; to 
secure from violation. 

SAX€-TI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Having the appearance 
of<6anctity. 

SANG-TI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, ad. With sanctimony. 

SAN€-TI-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being 
sanctimonious; appearance of sanctity. 

SANC'TI-MO-NY, n. Scrupulous austerity ; sanc- 
tity, or the appearance of it; holiness; devout- 
ness. 

SANCTION (sank'shun), n. The act of ratifying 
or giving validity to the act of another ; confir- 
mation derived from testimony, character, cus- 
tom, &c. — Syn. Ratification ; confirmation ; au- 
thority. 

SANCTION (sank'shun), v. t. To ratify; to con- 
firm ; to support ; to give validity or authority to. 

SANC'TI-TY, n. State of being sacred or holy ; 
sacredness; goodness. — Syn. Holiness; sacreu- 
ness; sanctitude; godliness. 

SAN€T'u-A-RY (sankt'yu-a-ry), n. A sacred 
place ; house of worship ; an asylum or place of 
refuge. 

SANCTUM, n. A place of retreat, as an editor's 
sanctum. 

+ SANCTUM SANC-To'RUM. LL.] Holy of ho- 
lies ; most holy place. 

SAND, n. Fine particles or grains of stone; pi. 
tracts of land covered with barren sand. 

SAND, v. t. To cover or sprinkle with sand. 

SAN'DAL, n. A shoe or sole fastened to the foot. 

SAN'DAL, \n. A tree or wood from the 

SAN'DAL-WOOD, j East Indies, used for dyeing 
red, also called sunders; another wood bearing 
the same name is highly esteemed for cabinet- 
work and for diffusing fragrance. 

SAN'DA-RA€, ) n. A peculiar gum-resin from 

SAN'DA-RACK, J Northern Africa. 

SAND'ED, a. Covered with sand; marked with 
spots. 

SAND'ERS, n. The red sanders-wood, called also 
red sanded-wood, from India, is of a bright gar- 
net-red color, and is used for dyeing. 

SAN'DE-VER, \ n. Glass gall , a whitish salt from 

SAN'DI-VER, j the materials of glass in fusion. 
A similar substance is thrown out by volcanoes. 

SAND'-HEAT, n. The heat of warm sand in 
chemical operations. 

SANDT-NESS, n. State of being sandy. 

SANDTSH, a. Like sand ; gritty. 

SAND'-Pa-PER, n. Paper covered on one side 
with a gritty substance for polishing. 

SAND'SToNE, n. Stone or rock consisting of 
grains of sand connected together; freestone. 

SAND'WICH, n. Two pieces of bread and butter, 
and a thin slice of meat between them. 



a, 1, &c, long.— a, £, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; tueee, teem; maeine, bied; move, 



SAN 



4QI 



SAT 



SAXD'Y, a. Abounding with sand; like sand ; of 
_the color of sand. 

SANE, a. Sound in mind : whole; not disordered ; 
having the'exercise of reason. 

SaNE'N ESS, n. The state of being sane. 

SAN°-GA-REE', n. Sweetened wine and water. 

♦SANG-FROID' (sang-frwa'), n. [.FY.] Cool blood; 
indifference ; freedom from agitation or excite- 
ment of mind. 

SAN u -GUiF'ER-OUS (sang-gwif'er-us), a. Con- 
veying blnod. 

SAN G -GUI-FI-€A'TION, n. The production of 
blood ; conversion of chvle into blood. 

SAN (; 'GUI-FI-ER (sang'gwe-f I-er), n. That which 
produces »blood. 

SAN G 'GUI-F? (sang'gwe-fD, v. t. To produce 
blood. 

SAX G 'GUIN-A-RY (sang'gwin-a-ry), a. Attended 
with much bloodshed; eager to shed blood. — 
Btn. Bloody; murderous; cruel. 

SAN G 'GUiNE (sSng'gwin), a. Abounding with 
blood; plethoric; confident; ardent; of the color 
of blood ; red. 

SAX G 'GUiXE-LY (sang'gwin-ly), ad. Ardently; 
with confidence of success. 

SaN g 'GUSNE-NESS (sfing'gwin-), n. Fullness of 
blood; confidence; ardor; heat of temper. 

SAX G -GUIX'E-OUS, a. Like blood ; sanguine. 

SAX G -GUIX-iV'0-ROUS, a. Eating or subsisting 
on bloo 1. 

SAX'HE-DRIM, n. The supreme council of the 
_Jews L 

Sa'NI-eS (sii'ne-ez), n. A thin, reddish discharge 
from wounds. 

Sa'NI-OUS, a. Consisting of or effusing sanies. 

SAN-I-TA'RI-UM, n. A place of retreat for health 
in hot climates. 

SAX'1-TA-RY, a. Pertaining to or designed to se- 
cure health, as sanitary regulations. 

SAX'I-TY, n. Soundness of mind ; health. 

+SAXS (sang), prep. [.FY.] Without. 

SAX'SCRIT, n. The ancient language of Hindos- 
tan, from which are formed all the modern lan- 
guages of tht, great peninsula of India. 

+SAXS CU-LoTTES' (sang ku-16t'). LFr. icithout 
breeches.] Ragged men ; a term of reproach for 
the extreme republicans in the French revolu- 
tion. 

+SANS-S0U-C1' (sang-soo-ceeO. IFr.] Without 
care; free and easy. 

SAP, n. The natural juice of plants; the albur- 
num of a tree ; in sieges, a trench for undermin- 
ing, or an approach made to a fortified place by 
digging under cover. 

SAP, v. t. To undermine; to subvert; to destroy. 

SAP'ID, a. Well tasted; savoiy; palatable. 

SA-PlD'I-TY, ) 71. The quality of affecting the 

SAP'ID-XESS.j organs of taste. — Syn. Taste; 
tastefulness; palatableness ; savor. 

SA'PI-EXCE, n. Wisdom ; knowledge ; sageness. 

SX'PI-EXT, a. Wise ; sage ; knowing. 

SAP'LESS, a. Destitute of sap ; dry; husky. 

SaP'LING, n. A young tree. 

SAP-O-Na'CEOUS (-na'shus), a. Having the qual- 
ities of soap ; soapy. 

SA-PON-I-FI-€a'TION, n. Conversion into soap. 

SA-PoX'I-Fy, v. t. To convert into soap. 

SAP'O-NuLE, n. An imperfect soap formed by 
the action of an alkali upon an essential oil. 

SX'POR, n. The power of affecting the organs of 
tasta. — Syn\ Taste; savor; relish. 

SAP-O-RiF'IO, a. Producing taste. 

SAP-0-R6S'I-TY, n. The quality of a body by 
which it excites the sensation of taste. 

SAP'O-ROUS, a. Affording some kind of taste. 

SAP'PER, n. One who saps, or whose business is 
to dig mines and undermine. 

SaP'PHIC (saf'rik), a. Pertaining to Sappho, a 
Grecian poetess. 

SAP'PHIRE (s?.f'fire), n. Crystallized alumina; 



a precious stone, blue, red, violet, &c, used in 
jewelry; the name is usually restricted to the 
blue crystals, the other varieties being known by 
other names, as Oriental ruby, corundum, &c. 

SAP'PHIR-iNE (saf'fir-in), a. Made of sapphire, 
or like it. 

SAP'PI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
full of sap ; weakness or simpleness. 

SAP'PY, a. Full of sap; juicy; young; hence, 
weak ;_ soft; simple. 

SAP'-Sa-GO. n. A kind of Swiss cheese, of green- 
ish color and agreeable flavor. 

SAR'A-BAND, n. A Spanish dance and air. 

SAR'A-CFN, n. An Arabian, so called from Sara, 
a desert. 

SAR-A-CeN'IC, a. Pertaining to the Saracens. 

SaR'CASM, n. A keen, reproachful expression ; 
a satirical remark ; bitter irony. 

SaR-€AS'TI€, U Bitterly satirical; scorn- 

SAR-CAS'TIC-AL.f fully severe. 

SaR-€AS'TI€-AL-LY, ad. In a sarcastic man- 
ner; with severe taunts. 

SXRCE'NET (sarse'-), n. A thin woven silk. 

SaR-€oL'0-6Y, n. The doctrine of the soft part3 
of the body, the muscles, fat, &c. 

SaR-€6PH'A-GOUS (-kof'a-gus), a. Feeding on 
flesh. 

SaR-C6PH'A-GUS, n. A stone coffin or tomb 
among the ancients. 

SaR-€oPH'A-gY (sar-kof'a-jy), n. The practice 
of eating flesh. 

SaR-CU-La'TION, n. A raking or weeding with 
a rake. 

SaR'DINE, n. A Mediterranean fish of the herring 
family. 

SXR-Do'NI-AN,T a. Denoting, primarily, a kind 

SaR-DoN'IC, j" of convulsive, involuntary 
lauuhter, said to be produced by eating the Her- 
ba Sardonica, a plant that grows in Sardinia: 
hence, a forced or bitter laugh or grin, which 
but ill conceals the real feelings. 

SaR'DO-NYX, n. A precious stone of a reddish- 
yellow color, nearly allied to onyx. 

SaR-SA-PA-RiL'LA, n. A plant whose root is 
medicinal; a sirup from a decoction of the root. 

SaRT, n. A piece of woodland turned into arable. 
lEng.] 

SAS'A-FRAS, n. A species of laurel, whose bark 
has an aromatic smell and taste. 

SASH, n. A silk band ; a belt worn for ornament ; 
the frame of a window in which the panes of 
glass are set. 

SaS'TRA. See Shastee. 

Sa'TAN, n. The great adversary ; the devil ; the 
chief of the fallen angels. 

SA-TAN'I€, ) a. Having the qualities of Sa- 

SA-TAN'IC-AL, / tan; very wicked.— Syn. Dev- 
ilish ; infernal. 

SA-TAN'I€-AL-LY, ad. With the wicked and 
_malicious spirit of Satan ; diabolically. 

Sa'TAN-ISM, n. A diabolical spirit; the evil and 
malicious disposition of Satan. 

SATCH'EL, n. A little sack or bag. See Saciif/l. 

SaTE, v. t. To feed or gratify to the extent of de- 
_sire. — Syn. To satiate ; satisfy; glut. 

SaTE'LESS, a. Incapable of being satisfied ; in- 
satiable. 

SAT'EL-LiTE, n. A small planet revolving round 
a larger ; hence, an obsequious attendant or de- 
pendant. 

SAT-EL-Ll"TIOUS (-lish'us), a. Consisting of 
^satellites. 

Sa'TIaTE (sa'shate), a. Filled to satiety; glut- 
Jed. 

Sa'TIaTE, v. t. To fill or gratify to the extent of 
want or beyond ; to gratify desire to the utmost. 
— Syn. To satisfy; content. — These words differ 
principally in degree. To content is to make 
contented, even though every desire or appetite 
is not gratified ; to satisfy is to appease fully the 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull,; vi"cious. — € as k; q as j; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. * Sot English. 

C o 



SAT 



402 



SAW 



l-TIRTG, ) a. Belonging to satire ; severely 
l-TiR'I€-AL,J censorious. 



longings of desire ; to satiate is to go further, and 
fill so completely that it is not possible to receive 
or enjoy more. 

SA-TI-a'TION (sa-she-a shun), n. The state of 
being filled. 

SA-Ti'E-TY, n. Fullness beyond desire: an ex- 
cess of gratification which excites loathing. 

SAT'IN, n. A species of thick, glossy silk. 

SAT-IN-fiT', n. A kind of cloth made of cotton 
warp and woolen filling. 

SAT'IN-WOOD, n. A hard lemon-colored wood 
from India,' used in cabinet-work. 

SaT'iRE, n. A discourse or poem containing se- 
vere censure of vice or folly ; keenness and sever- 
ity of remark. See Lampoon, 

SA-TIR'IC, 

SA- 

SA-TiR'I€-AL-LY, ad. With severe censure. 

SAT'IR-IST, n. One who writes satire. 

SaT'IR-IZE, v. t. To censure with keenness. 

SAT-IS-FAC'TION, n. The state of mind which 
results from the full gratification of desire ; con- 
tentment with present possession and enjoyment ; 
the act of satisfying; state of being satisfied; that 
which satisfies; compensation; discharge. 

SAT-IS-FAC'TO-RI-LY, ad. In a manner to give 
content or to convince the mind. 

SAT-IS-FAC'TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of sat- 
isfying. 

SAT-IS-Fa€'TO-RY, a. Giving or producing sat- 
isfaction ; yielding content ; making amends, in- 
demnification, or recompense. 

SaT'IS-FI-ER, n. He or that which satisfies. 

SaT'IS-Fy, v. t. Literally, to make enough ; to 
gratify wants, wishes, or desires to the full ex- 
tent ; to content ; to atone ; to pay ; to recom- 
pense ; to convince ; to satiate, which see. 

SaT'IS-Fy, v. i. To give content ; to feed or sup- 
ply to the full. 

S a 'TRAP or SaT'RAP, n. A Persian governor. 

SAT'RA-PY, n. Jurisdiction of a satrap. 

SAT'u-RA-BLE, a. That can be filled or saturated. 

SaT'u-RANT, a. Saturating ; impregnating to the 
full ; n. a medicine which neutralizes the acid in 
the stomach. 

SaT'u-RaTE (sat'yu-), v. t. To impregnate or 
unite with till no 'more can be received or im- 
bibed ; to fill to the full. 

SAT-u-Ra'TION, n. State of being saturated; 
act of saturating ; the point at which any body 
has taken up by chemical affinity the maximum 
quantity of any other body with which it may 
combine. 

SaT'UR-DAY, n. The last day of the week, orig- 
inally dedicated to Saturn. 

SaT'URN, n. A planet remote from the sun, and 
the largest in size except Jupiter ; in mythology, 
one of the oldest and principal divinities. 

SAT-UR-Na'LI-A, n.pl. Festival of Saturn, being 
a season of unrestrained license and merriment 
for the slaves and lower classes ; any season of 
great license or excess. 

SAT-UR-N a'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to the festivals 
celebrated in honor of Saturn ; loose ; dissolute. 

SA-TuR'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Saturn; happy. 

SAT'UR-NiNE, a. As if under the influence of 
Saturn; hence, grave; heavy; dull; leaden. 

SaT'UR-NIST, n. A person of a dull, grave, 
gloomy temperament. 

Sa'TYR, n. A fabulous silvan deity or monster, 
half man and half goat. 

SA-T¥R'I€, a. Pertaining to satyrs. 

SAUCE (sawce), n. Something to be eaten with 
"food to improve its relish ; impudent language. 

SAUCE (sawce), v. t. To apply sauce; to give a 
relish. [son. 

SAUCE'BOX, n. A saucy and impertinent per- 

SAU'CER, n. Formerly, a small platter or dish in 
which sauce was served ; a similar piece of crock- 
ery in which a tea-cup is placed. 



SAU'CI-LY, ad. Pertly ; impertinently. 

SAU'CI-NESS, n. Impertinence ; impudence, 
which see. 

SAU'CY, a. Grossly disrespectful in speech and 
manners; bold to excess; expressive of impu- 
dence. — Syn. Insolent; pert; impertinent; impu- 
dent. 

+SAUER'-KRAUT (sour'-krout), n. [Ger.] Cab- 
bage preserved in brine, a German dish. 

SaUN'TER (san'ter), v. i. To wander about idly ; 
to linger ; to loiter, which see. 

SXUN'TER-ER, n. One who wanders and loiters. 

SAU'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the order of rep- 
tiles comprehending lizards, crocodiles, &c. 

SAU'SAgE, n. The intestine of an animal stuffed 
_with minced meat. 

SaV'A-BLE, a. That can be saved. 

SaV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being saved. 

SAV'AgE, a. Primarily, silvan, or pertaining to 
the forest; hence, wild; untamed; uncivilized; 
rude ; cruel ; ferocious, which see. 

SaV'AgE, n. A person uncivilized ; a human be- 
ing in his native state of rudeness; a man of 
brutal cruelty ; a barbarian. 

SaV'AgE-LY, ad. In the manner of a savage ; 
cruelly ; barbarously. 

SaVAgE-NESS, n. An untamed or uncivilized 
state; rudeness; cruelty; barbarity. 

SaV'Ag-ISM, n. State of men in native rudeness. 

SA-VAN'NA, n. An open meadow or plain. 

+SX-VANT' (sii-vanf), n. ; pi. Sa-vans'. IFr.] A 
_man of learning ; in the pi., literary men. 

SaVE, v. t. To preserve from danger, loss, or 
_ruin ; to rescue ; to spare ; to except. 

SaVE, v. i. To hinder expense; to be frugal. 

SaVE'ALL, n. A pan for saving the ends of can- 
dles ; a small sail under another to save the 
jwind. 

SaV'ER, n. One who preserves; an economist. 

SaV'IN, n. A tree or shrub of the juniper kind. 

SaV'ING, a. Avoiding unnecessary expenses ; 
Jrugal ; adapted to save ; that saves. 

SaV'ING, n. Something kept from being ex- 
pended or lost ; exception; reservation. 

SaV'ING-LY, ad. Frugally; economically; so as 
_to be saved. 

SaV'ING-NESS, n. Frugality; parsimony; cau- 
tion not to expend money unnecessarily. 

SAVINGS' -BANK, n. A bank or fund in which 
the savings or earnings of the poor are put to in- 
terest for their benefit. 

SaVTOR, ) (sav'yur), n. One who saves or de- 

SaV'IOUR, j livers from danger or destruction; 
distinctively, Christ the Redeemer. 

Sa'VOR, n. The quality of any thing by which 
it excites the sense of taste or smell ; the quality 
Avhich renders a thing valuable ; characteristic. 
_— -Syn. Taste; scent; odor; smell. 

Sa'VOR, v. i. To have a particular taste or smell ; 
Jo have the quality or appearance of. 

Sa'VOR, v. t. To like ; to taste or smell with 
jpleasure; to partake of the nature of. 

Sa'VOR-I-LY, ad. With an agreeable relish. 

Sa'VOR-I-NESS, n. Pleasing taste or smell. 

Sa'VOR-LESS, a. Destitute of savor. 

Sa'VOR-LY, a. Well-seasoned ; of good taste ; 
ad. with a pleasing relish. 

Sa'VOR- Y, a. Pleasing to the taste or smell. 

SA-VOY', n. A species of cabbage. 

SAW, n. A cutting instrument consisting of a thin 
plate of steel with toothed edge ; a saying ; a 
proverb. 

SAW, v. i. [pret. Sawed ; pp. Sawed, Sawn.] To 
use a saw, as the man saws well; to cut or di- 
vide with a saw; to be cut with a saw. 

SAW, v. t. To cut or separate with a saw ; to form 
by cutting with a saw. 

SAW'ER, n. One who saws; a sawyer. 

SAWFISH, n. A fish allied to the shark, with the 
upper jaw prolonged into a serrated beak. 



1, E, &c, long.— 1, £, &c, short. — CAKE, far, last, fall, what; TiiiR::, term; marine, ijird ; move, 



SAW 



403 



SCA 



SAWNEY, n. A nickname for a Scotchman. 

SAW'-PIT, n. A pit over which timber is sawed 
by two men, one above the timber, the other be- 
low. 

SAW-SET, \ n. An instrument used to turn 

S A W-WReST, j or set the teeth of saws. 

SAW'YER, n. One whose occupation is to saw 
wood, &c. ; a tree in a stream, rising and sinking 
by turns in the water. 

SAX'I-FRAgE, n. A plant ; a medicine that 
breaks or dissolves the stone in the bladder. 

SAX-iF'RA-GOUS, a. Dissolving the stone. 

SAX'ON, a. Pertaining to the Saxons, to their 
country, or to their language. 

SAX'ON, n. The language of the Saxons. 

SAX'ON-I$M, n. An idiom of the Saxon language. 

SaY (sa), v. t. Ipret. and pp. Said.] To speak; to 
utter in words ; to declare ; to pronounce ; to af- 
firm; to testify; to allege by way of argument; 
to rehearse ; to utter by way of reply. 

SaY (sfi), n. In popular use, something said ; a 
speech. 

SaVING- (sfi'ing), n. An expression ; a sentence 
uttered; a proverbial expression.— Syn. Proverb; 
maxim; adage; aphorism. 

SCAB, n. An incrustation over a sore ; a conta- 
gious disease of sheep. 

SCABBARD, n. A sheath for a sword. 

SCAB'BARD, v. t. To put in a sheath. 

SCAB'BED (skabd or skab'bed), a. Abounding or 
diseased with scabs ; mean ; paltry. 

SCAB'BED-NESS, n. The state of being scabbed. 

SCAB'BI-NESS, n. The quality of being scabby. 

SCAB'BY, a. Diseased with scabs or mange. 

SCa'BI-OUS, a. Consisting of scabs; itchy; rough. 

SCA'BROUS, a. Rough; rugged; having hard, 
short, rigid points ; harsh; unmusical. 

SCa'BROUS-NESS, n. Roughness; ruggedness. 

SCAF'FOLD, n. A stage or support for workmen 
on buildings; a temporary stage for exhibitions; 
an elevated platform for criminal executions. 

SCAF'FOLD, v. t. To furnish with a scaffold. 

SCAF'FOLD-AgE, n. A gallery; a hollow floor. 

SCAF'FOLD-ING, n. Works for support in an 
elevated place ; materials for scaffolds. 

+S€AG-LI-o'LA (skal-ye-o'la), n. A species of 
plaster or stucco with variegated colors. 

SCaL'A-BLE, a. That may be scaled. 

SCA-LaDE'. See Escalade. 

SCALD, v. t. To injure by a hot liquid; to expose 
to' a boiling or violent heat over a fire. 

SCALD, n. A burning with hot liquor ; scurf on 
the head. 

SCALD, n. An ancient Scandinavian bard or poet. 

SCALD, a. Scurvy; paltry; poor; mean. 

SCALD'HeAD (-hcd), n. A pustular eruption of 
the hairy scalp. [of antiquity. 

SCALD'IC, a. Pertaining to the scalds or poets 

SCaLE, n. Dish of a balance ; one of the little 
thin plates which form the crusty covering of a 
fish ; any small separable lamina resembling the 
scales of a fish, as scales of iron ; any instrument, 
figure, or scheme graduated for the purpose of 
measuring extent or proportions ; regular grada- 
tion ; gamut; ladder; escalade. 

SCALE, v. t. To scrape off scales; to mount on 
ladders or as by ladders. 

SCALE, v. i. To separate or come off in thin lay- 
ers or laminae. 

SCXLE'LESS, a. Destitute of scales. 

SCA-LeNE', a. Having sides and angles unequal. 

SCA'LI-NESS, n. Quality of being scaly. 

SCALL, n. Scab ; leprosy. See Scald. 

SCaLL'ION (skal'yun), n. An onion with a little 
or no bulb. 

SCAL'LOP (skol'-), n. A genus of shell-fish ; a re- 
cess or curving of the edge of any thing, like the 
shell of the scallop. 

SCAL'LOP (skol'lup), v. t. To cut the edge of any 
thing into regularly curved indentations. 



SCAL'LOPjFD, a. Formed into scallops. Seal- 
lojied oysters were first baked in scallop-shell-;, 
but are now simply covered with bread-crumb 
and baked in a dish of any shape. 

SCALP, n. Skin of the top of the head. 

SCALP, v. t. To cut and tear off the scalp or in- 
teguments of the head. 

SCALP' EL, n. A knife used by surgeons. 

SCALP'ING-KNlFE (-nife), n. A knife used by 
savages in scalping their prisoners. 

SCaL'Y, a. Full of scales ; rough : mean ; scab- 
by ; in botany, composed of scales lying over each 
other. 

SCAM'BLE, v. i. To stir quick; to scramble. 

SCAM'BLER, n. A bold intruder upon hospitality. 

SCAM 'MO-NY, n. A plant of the genus convol- 
vulus and its inspissated sap; a nauseous ac.d 
substance used in medicine as a cathartic. 

SCAMP, n. A worthless fellow; a rascal. 

SCAMP'ER, v. i. To run with speed ; to hasten 
escape. 

SCAN, v. t. To examine closely or with critical 
care ; to recite or measure veree by distinguish- 
ing the feet in pronunciation. 

SCAN'DAL, n. Offense given by the faults of an- 
other; reproachful aspersion; opprobrium; de- 
famatory speech or report ; something uttered 
which is false and injurious to reputation. — Syx 
Shame ; reproach ; opprobrium ; disgrace. 

SCAN'DAL, v. t. To treat opprobriously ; to de- 
fame ; to asperse. 

SCAN DAL-lZE, v. t. To offend by an action sup- 
posed criminal; to reproach; to defame; to sub- 
ject to reproach. 

SCAN'DAL-OUS, a. That causes scandal ; that 
brings shame or infamy; defamatory. — Syn. Op- 
probrious; disgraceful; shameful; base. 

SCAN'DAL-OUS-LY, ad. Disgracefully; baselv. 

SCAN'DAL-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being 
scandalous. 

+S€AN'DA-LUM MAG-Na'TUM. [2,.] Defama- 
tory speech or writing to the injury of a person 
of dignity. 

SCAN'DENT, a. Climbing, as a plant. 

SCAN'NING, n. A critical examination; act of re- 
solving a verse into its component feet. Scan- 
sion is litlte used. 

SCAN-So'RI-AL, a. Adapted to climbing. 

SCANT, v. t. To limit; to straiten ; to restrain. 

S€!ANT, a. Not full, large, or plentiful; scarcely 
sufficient; parsimonious; ad. scarcely; hardly; 
not quite. 

SCANT'I-LY, ad. Narrowly; sparingly. 

SCANT'I-NESS, n. Narrowness; limited extent; 
want of fullness ; want of sufficiency. 

SCAN'TLE (skan'tl), v. t. To divide into thin 
pieces ; to shiver. 

SCAN'TLE, v. i. To be deficient : to fail. 

SCANT'LING, n. A pattern; small quantity; 
narrow pieces of timber for studs, &c. 

SCANT'LY, ad. Scarcely , hardly ; not fully ; pe- 
nuriously; without amplitude. 

SCANT'NESS, n. Narrowness; limitedness. 

SCANT'Y, a. Narrow; sparing; poor; not copi- 
ous or full ; hardly sufficient ; scant. 

SCAPE, n. A stem bearing the fructification with- 
out leaves. 

SCaPE Go AT, n. A goat sent away bearing the 
sins of the people. 

SCaPE'GRaCE, n. A hair-brained fellow. 

SCAPE'LESS, a. Destitute of a scape. 

SCaPE'MENT, n. The mechanism which con- 
nects the motion of a clock or watch train with 
that of the pendulum or balance by an alternate 
locking and escape of the teeth of the scaiie-ivheel. 
See Escapement. [bone. 

SCAP'u-LA, n. ; pi. Scap'u-lje. The shoulder- 

SCAP'u-LAR, a. Belonging to the shoulder. 

SCAP^u-LAR, > n. A part of a habit of a Rom- 

SCAP'u-LA-RY,J an Catholic priest, consisting 



DOVE. WOLF, BOO! 



kule, hull; v'i"cioi;s. — c as k ; sas j 



as bii ; Tiiu- 



Aut English. 



SCA 



404 



SCH 



of two narrow slips of cloth worn over the shoul- 
ders. 

SCAR, n. The mark remaining after the healing 
of a wound or ulcer ; any mark of injury ; a blem- 
ish. 

SCaR, v. t. To mark with a scar. 

SCAR'A-MOUCH, n. A buffoon in motley dress. 

SCARCE, a. Not plentiful or abundant ; being in 
small quantity in proportion to the demand ; be- 
ing few in number ; uncommon ; rare, which see. 

SCARCE (4), \ ad. Scantily; hardly; with difii- 

S€ARCE-LY,/ culty. 

SGARCE'NESS,? n. Defect of plenty ; smallness 

S€AR'CI-TY, j" of quantity in proportion to 
the want or demand ; rareness; infrequency. 

SCARE, v. t. To terrify suddenly; to strike with 
sudden terror. — Syn. To frighten ; affright ; 
alarm ; terrify. 

SCARE'CRoW (skare'kro), n. A thing to fright- 
en crows or fowls from corn-fields ; hence, any 
thing terrifying without danger; a vain terror. 

SCARF, n. A loose covering or cloth over the 
shoulders. • 

SCARF, v. t. To throw on or to dress loosely; to 
join two pieces of timber at the ends. 

S€ XRF'ING, n. The joining of two pieces of tim- 
ber at the ends so as to make one beam. 

SCARF-SKIN, n. The outer thin integument of 
the body ; epidermis ; the cuticle. 

SCAR-I-FI-CX'TION, n. The act or operation of 
scarifying. 

SCAR'I-FI-ER, n. The person or instrument that 
scarifies^ an instrument to loosen soil. 

SCAR'I-Fy, v. t. To scratch and cut the skin, or 
to make small incisions with a lancet. 

S€XR-LA-Ti"NA, n. A term sometimes applied 
to scarlet fever. 

SCXR-LAT'1-NOUS, a. Of a scarlet color; per- 
taining to the scarlet fever. 

SCAR'LET, n. A bright red color; cloth of a scar- 
let color. 

SCAR'LET, a._ Of a bright-red color. 

SCAR'LET-Fe'VER, n. A disease characterized 
by fever, accompanied with a crimson-red flush 
or eruption. 

SCARP, n. The interior slope or talus of a ditch. 

SCATH, n. Damage; v. t. to damage; to waste. 

SGATH'FUL, a. Injurious; destructive. 

SCATH'LESS, a. Without waste or damage. 

SCAT'TER, v. t. To separate things to a distance 
from each other; to throw loosely about. — Syn. 
To spread ; disperse ; dissipate ; strew. 

SCAT'TER, v. i._ To be dispersed or dissipated. 

SCAT'TER-BRaIN, n. One who is giddy or 
thoughtless. 

SCAT'TER-INGS, n. pi. Things scattered. 

SGAV'EN-GER, n. One who cleans streets. 

SCENE (seen), n. The stage of a theater; the 
whole series of actions and events exhibited ; 
part of a play, or so much as passes between the 
same persons in the same place ; place of exhibi- 
tion ; exhibition of strong feeling between per- 
sons: any remarkable exhibition. 

SCEN'ER-Y, n. The appearances or objects that 
make up a scene or view; representation of the 
place in which an action is performed ; paintings 
representing the scenery of a play. — Syn. Repre- 
sentation ; imagery. 

SCeN'IC (sln'ik),) a. Pertaining to sceneiy; the- 

SCeN'IC-AL, / atrical ; dramatic. 

SCEN-O-GRAPH'IC, \ a. Pertaining to sce- 

SCEN-0-GRAPH'IC-AL,J nography; drawn in 
perspective. 

SCE-NOG'RA-PHY (-nog'ra-fy), n. The repre- 
sentation of a body on a perspective plane ; the 
art of perspective. 

SCENT, n. That which causes a thing to be per- 
ceived by the organs of smell; the power of 
smelling; chase by the smell. — Syn. Odor; 
smell. 



SCeNT, v. t. To perceive by the olfactory organs ; 
to imbue with odor ; to smell ; to perfume. 

SCENT'FUL, a. Odorous; yielding smell. 

SCeNT'LESS, a. Inodorous; void of smell. 

SCEP^TER,) n. A staff or baton borne by kings 

SCeP'TRE,/ as a badge of authority; the appro- 
priate ensign of royalty; royal authority. 

SCeP'TER,T v. t. To invest with royal author- 

SCeP'TRE,/ ity. / 

SCEP'TERis'D, a. Invested with or bearing a 
scepter. 

SCeP'TER-LESS, a. Having no scepter. 

SCEP'TIC (skSp'tik). See Skeptic. 

SCHeD'uLE (sked'yul), n. An inventory of prop- 
erty, debts, &c— Syn. List; catalogue. A list is 
a bare record of names, titles, &c, set down with 
or without regular order ; a catalogue is a list ar- 
ranged according to some principle, and is usual- 
ly designed to describe things more or less partic- 
ularly ; a schedule is a formal list or inventory 
prepared for legal or business purposes. A list 
must be complete ; a catalogue must be properly 
arranged; a schedule must have the titles and 
descriptions explicitly given, and be properly at- 
tested. 

SCHeD'uLE (sked'yul), v. t To place in a cata- 
logue. 

S€He'MA-TISM (ske'ma-tizm), n. Combination 
of aspects of planets , particular form of a thing. 

S€He'MA-TIST, n. One given to forming 
schemes ; a schemer ; a contriver ; a projector. 

SCHEME (skeme), n. A combination of things 
into one view, as a scheme of the heavens ; de- 
lineation ; a proposed mode of accomplishing 
some end, as a scheme of operations. — Syn. Plan. 
— Scheme and plan are subordinate to design : 
they propose modes of carrying our designs into 
effect. Scheme is the least definite of the two, 
and lies more in speculation; a plan is drawn 
out into details with a view to being carried into 
effect. As schemes are speculative, they often 
prove visionary ; hence the words schemer and 
scheming. Plans, being more practical, are more 
frequently carried into effect. 

SCHEME, v. t. To plan ; to contrive; v. i. to form 
a plan ; to contrive. 

SCHeM'ER (ske'mer), n. A projector; a contriver. 

SCHeM'IST, n. A schemer; a projector. 

SCHeNK BEER, n. A mild German beer, so call- 
ed because put on draft (schenken, to pour out) 
very soon after it is made, as distinguished from 
lager beer, which see. 

SCHe'S'JS (ske'-), n. General state of body or 
mind; habitude. 

SCHIR RUS. See Scirrhus. 

SCHISM (sizm), n. In ageneral sense, division or 
separation, but appropriately, a division or sepa- 
ration in a church or denomination of Christians, 
occasioned by diversity of opinions. 

SCHIS-MAT'IC, \a. Pertaining to or partak- 

SCIIIS-MAT'IC-AL, / ing of schism ; tending to 
schism. 

SCIHS-MaT'IC (siz-mat'ik), n. One who sepa- 
rates from a church through diversity of opin- 
ions; one who promotes or encourages schism. 
_See Heretic. 

ScHIST (shist), n. A rock having a slaty struc- 
ture. 

ScHiST'oSE, ) a. In geology, slaty or imperfect- 

ScIIiST'OUS, J ly slaty in structure. 

SCHoL'AR (skol'ar), n. One who learns of a 
teacher; a man of letters. Emj)hatically used, 
a man eminent for erudition ; a man of books. — 
Syn. Pupil. — Scholar refers to the instruction, 
and pupil to the care and government of a teach- 
er. A scholar is one who is under instruction; a 
pujril (Lat. pupillus, a fatherless child) is one 
who is under the immediate and personal care of 
an instructor ; hence we speak of a bright scholar 
and an obedient pupil. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, E, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, w'iiat; tuere, term; marine, bird; move, 



SCH 



405 



SCO 



SCHOL'AR-LIKE, a. Becoming or like a scholar. 

SCHOI/AR-LY, a. Becoming a scholar. 

SCHOL'AR-SHIP, n. Rank or standing as a schol- 
ar; attainments in science or literature; founda- 
tion for the support of a scholar.— Syn. Learn- 
ing; erudition. 

SCIIO-LAS'TIC, \ a. Pertaining to a scholar, 

S€'IIO-LaS'TI€-AL, j to a school, or to schools ; 
scholar-like; becoming a scholar; pertaining to 
the schoolmen or divines and philosophers of the 
Middle Ages, who dealt much in over-nice and 
subtile speculations; pedantic. 

SCHO-LaS'TIC, n. One who adheres to the sub- 
til tics of the schools. 

SCHO-LAS'TIC-AL-LY (sko-), a. In a scholastic 
manner ; according to the niceties of the schools. 

SCHO-LAS'TI-CISM (sko-), n. The method or 
subtilties of the schools. 

SCHo'LI-AST (sko'le-ast), n. A commentator ; a 
writer of notes ; a name given particularly to the 
old critics, who wrote marginal annotations call- 
ed scholia on the manuscripts of the Greek and 

SCHO-LI-AST'I€ (sko-le-ast'ik), a. Pertaining to 
a scholiast. 

SeHo'LI-UM, n. ; pi. Sciio'li-a or Sctio'li-ums. A 
note subjoined to a demonstration ; a note or an- 
notation. 

S€HOOL (skool), n. A place of education ; pupils 
assembled for instruction ; a system of doctrine 
taught by particular teachers; "place of improve- 
ment. 

SCHOOL, v. t. To instruct ; to train ; to educate. 

S€HOOL'-BOY (skool'-), n. A boy who attends a 
school. 

SCHOOL'-DaME (skool'-), n. The female who 
teaches a school. 

SCHOOL'-FkL-LoW (skool'-fcl-lo), n. A com- 
panion in school. 

S€HOOL'-HOUSE (skool'-), n. A house for a 
subordinate school or appropriated for instruc- 
tion. 

SCHOOL'IXG (skool'-), n. Instruction in school; 
tuition; price for teaching; reproof; reprimand. 

SCHOOL'MAX (skool'-), n. One versed in the 
school d.vinity of the Middle Ages, or in the nice- 
ties of academic disputation. 

SCHOOL'MaS-TER, n. A man who teaches and 
governs a school. 

SCHOOL'MiS-TRESS, n. A woman who teaches 
a school. 

SCHOOX'ER (skoon'er), n. A vessel with two 
masts, and peculiar mainsail and foresail. 

ScIIORL, n. A mineral ; black tourmaline. 

SCi-AT'IC, \cu Pertaining to the hip or affect- 

SCi-AT'IC-AL.f ing it. 

SCT-AT'IC-A, n. Rheumatism in the hip. 

SCl'EXCE (si'ence), n. Knowledge reduced to sys- 
tem. — Syn. Literature; art. — Science (from sci- 
ential is literally knowledge, but now denotes a 
systematic and orderly arrangement of knowl- 
edge, and hence we speak of reducing a subject to 
a science. In a more distinctive sense, science 
embraces those branches of knowledge which give 
a positive statement of truth as founded in the 
nature of things or established by observation 
and experiment. The term literature sometimes 
denotes all compositions not embraced under sci- 
ence, but is usually confined to the belles-lettres. 
[See Litehatuhe.] Art is that which depends on 
practice and skill in performance. 

+SCI-£X'TER. [L.J Knowingly; skillfully. 

SCl-EN'TIAL (si-en'shal), a. Producing science. 

SGl-EX-TiF'IC, a. According to principles of sci- 
ence: versed in science. 

SCI-EX-TIF'I€-AL-LY, ad. According to rules of 
science ; so as to produce knowledge. 

+SCIL'I-CET (sil'e-set). [L.] To wit; namely. 

SCiM'E-TAR. See Cimeter. 

SCiN'TIL-LAXT, a. Emitting sparks ; sparkling. 



SCIX'TIL-LaTE, v. i. To emit sparks or fine ig- 
neous particles ; to sparkle. 

SCIX-TIL-La'ITOX, n. Act of sparkling. 

SCI'O-LISM (si'o-lizm), n. Superficial knowledge. 

SOl'O-LIST (si'o-list), n. One who is superficial 
in knowledge ; one who knows little, or who 
knows many things superficially. 

SCI'OX, n. A young shoot of a tree; a cutting of 
a twig used for ingrafting on another stock. 

SCi-OP'TIC (si-op'tik), n. A sphere with a lens to 
turn like the eye, for projecting images of exter- 
nal objects on a screen in a dark room ; a sciop- 
tic ball. 

SCl-0P'TI€3, n. pi. Science of exhibiting images 
of external objects through a convex glass in a 
dark room. 

+SLTRE Fa'CI-AS. [L.] A writ requiring one to 
show cause why something should not be done. 

SCl-ROC'CO, \ n. A hot, suffocating wind in It- 

SCi-ROC, ) aly. See Sieocco. 

S€IR-RH6S'1-TY (skir-ros'e-ty), n. Induration 
of the glands. 

SCIR'RHOUS (skir'rus), a. Indurated; hard; 
knotty, as a gland. 

SCIR'RHUS (skir'rus), n. An indurated gland. 

SCIS'SEL, n. The clipping or cutting of metals iu 
the process of manufactures. 

SCiS'SI-BLE (sis'se-bl), a. Capable of being cut 
by an instrument. 

SCiS'SILE (sis'sil),a. That may be cut or divided 
by a sharp instrument. 

SCiS'SIOX (sizh'un), n. A cutting or dividing 
with an edged or sharp instrument. 

SCl$'$OR$ (siz'zurz), n. pi. A cutting instrument, 
smaller than shears, with two blades turning on 
a pin at the center. 

SCIS'SURE (sizh'ur), n. A longitudiual cut 

SCLA-Vo'NT-AX,? a. Pertaining to Sclavonia, or 

SLA-YOX'IC, j to the Sclavi. or their lan- 
guage ; hence, the language. 

S€LE-R6T'IC (skle-rot'ik), a. Hard; firm; n. 
the firm, white, outer coat of the eye ; a medicine 
which hardens and consolidates the parts to 
which it is applied. 

SCCB'I-FORM, a. Having the form of raspings 
or sawdust. 

SCOBS, n. pi. Raspings of ivory, hartshorn, met- 
als, or other hard substance; dross of metals. 

SCOFF, v. i. To treat with insolent ridicule, 
mockery, or contumelious language ; to deride 
contemptuously; with atf. — Sy>\ To mock; gibe; 
deride ; ridicule ; jeer ; sneer, which see. 

SCOFF, v. t. To treat with derision or scorn. 

SCOFF, n. Expression of scorn ; derision, mock- 
ery, or ridicule, expressed in language of con- 
tempt. 

SCOFF'ER, n. One who scoffs. 

SCOFFTXG-LY, ad. In scorn ; with contempt. 

SCuLD, v. i. To find fault, or rail with rude 
clamor ; to brawl ; to utter railing, or harsh, bois- 
terous rebuke ; v. t. to chide with rudeness and 
boisterous clamor ; to rate. 

SCoLD, n. A person who scolds; a brawler; a 
brawl. 

SCoLD'IXG, n. Act of chiding or railing ; railing 
language. 

SCOL'LOP, n, A shell-fish with a pectinated 
shell ; an indenting or cut like those of a scollop- 
shell. See Scallop. 

SCOL'LOP, v. t To form with scollops. See 
Scallop. 

SCONCE, ii. That which holds or supports a can- 
dle ; a hanging candlestick ; the tube with a 
brim in a can lestick, into which the candle is 
inserted; in vulgar use, sense; judgment; dis- 
cretion. 

SCOOP, n. A large ladle ; a sweep or sweeping 
stroke ; an instrument of surgery. 

SCOOP, v. t. To cut into a hollow, as a scoop ; to 
lade out. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK; RULE, I>C LL ; VI CIOUS. € aS K 



j ; s as z ; en as sh ; this. + Xot English. 



SCO 



40G 



SCR 



SCOOP'-N£T, n. A hand-net so formed as to 
sweep the hottom of a river. 

S€oPE, n. Properly, the whole extent or reach 
of view; hence, amplitude or limit of intellectual 
view ; ultimate design^ aim, or purpose ; extent. 
— SYN._Space ; room; intention; tendency; drift. 

S€OR-Bu'TI€, a. Diseased with scurvy ; of the 
nature of scurvy, or pertaining to it. 

S€6RCH, v. t. To burn on the surface ; to parch ; 
to affect painfully with heat ; v. i. to be burnt on 
the surface ; to be parched or dried. 

SCORE, n. A notch to mark a number ; the num- 
ber twenty, as signified by a distinguishing notch ; 
an account kept by notches; debt or account of 
debt ; a line drawn ; reason ; motive ; in music, 
the entire draught of any composition or its 
transcript. 

SCORE, v. t. To notch; to cut; to cut and chip 
for hewing, as to score timber ; to mark ; to en- 
grave; to set down, or take, as an account; to 
charge ; to form a score in music. 

SCo'RI-A, n. ; pi. Seo'ra-JE. [Z/.] The drossy mat- 
ter of metals in fusion ; the slaggy lava of a vol- 
cano. — Syn. Slag; dross; cinders. 

SCO-RI-a'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. Pertaining to or 
partaking of the nature of scoria ; like dross. 

SCO-RI-FI-€A'TION,n. Act of reducing to scoria. 

SCo'RI-FORM, a. Being in the form of dross. 

SCo'RI-Fv, v. t. To reduce to scoria or dross. 

SCOR'IXG, n. A cutting; a marking down; a 
whipping. 

SCo'RI-OUS, a. Drossy; consisting of dross. 

SC6RN (20), n. Extreme contempt, or the subject 
of it. 

SCORN, v. t. To hold in extreme contempt; to 
think unworthy ; to disregard. — Syn. To despise ; 
disdain ; slight ; contemn, which see. 

S€6RN 'ER, n. One who scorns; a despiser; a 
scoffer. 

SCORN'FUL, a. Entertaining scorn ; acting in de- 
fiance or disregard ; holding religion in contempt. 
— Syn. Contemptuous; disdainful. 

SCoRN'FUL-LY, ad. With disdain; contemptu- 
ously ; insolently. 

SCOR'PI-ON, n. A venomous reptile or insect of 
the spider family, living in warm climates ; a sea- 
fish; the eighth sign in the zodiac ; a scourge. 

SCGR'TA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to lewdness. 

SC6T, v. t. To support or stop from rolling back, 
as the wheel of a wagon. 

SCOT, n. A native of Scotland; share; reckon- 
ing; tax. 

SCOTCH, a. Pertaining to Scotland. 

SCOTCH, n. A slight cut or shallow incision. 

SCOTCH, v. t. To cut with shallow incisions; to 
wound slightly ; to prevent a wheel from rolling ; 
to scot. 

SCOTCH'-COL-LOPS, n. pi. Veal cut into small 
pieces. 

SCOT'-FREE, a. Excused from payment; untax- 
ed; unhurt; clear; safe. 

SCOT'TI-CISM, n. An idiom of the Scots. 

SCOT'TISH, a. Pertaining to Scotland or to the 
Scotch. 

SCOUN'DREL, n. A mean, worthless fellow; a 
low villain ; a rascal. 

SCOUN'DREL, a. Low; base; villainous. 

SCOUN'DREL-ISM, n. Conduct characteristic of 
a scoundrel; baseness; rascality. 

SCOUR, v. t. To clean by rubbing with something 
rough ; to cleanse from grease, dirt, &c, as cloth ; 
to purge violently ; to pass over swiftly ; to range 
about for taking all that can be found, as to scour 
the seas for pirates ; to brush along. 

SCOUR, v. i. To perform the business of scour- 
ing; to clean; to be purged. 

SCOUR'ER, n. One who scours; a cathartic. 

SC'OuRgE (skurj), n. A whip or lash, as an in- 
strument of punishment or discipline ; a punish- 
ment; any continued calamity. 



SCOuROE (skurj), v. t. To whip severely for pun- 
ishment; to punish severely; to chastise; to af- 
flict greatly ; to harass. 

SCOuRg'ER, n. One who scourges. 

SCOUT, n. In military affairs, one sent to dis- 
cover the state of an enemy. 

SCOUT, v. i. To act as a scout ; to sneer at. 

SCOUT, v. t. To treat with disdain and contempt. 

SCOW, n. A large, flat-bottomed boat. 

S€OW, v. t. To transport in a scow. 

SCOWL, v. i. To wrinkle the brows as in frown- 
ing or displeasure ; to put on a frowning look ; 
to look gloomy, dark, or tempestuous. 

SCOWL, n. The wrinkling of the brows in frown- 
ing; the expression of sullenness, discontent, or 
displeasure in the countenance ; gloomy, threat- 
ening aspect. 

SCRAB'BLE, v. t. or v. i. To scrape or paw with 
the hands; to go or climb by catching with the 
hands on objects for support or assistance; to 
scramble; to make crooked marks; to mark with 
irregular or unmeaning lines or letters; to scrib- 
ble. 

SCRAB'BLE (skrSb'bl), n. A scramble. 

SCRAB'BLER, n. One who scrabbles. 

SCRAG, n. Something lean and rough. 

SCRAG'GEDJ a. Rough, with irregular points ; 

SCRAG'GY, J broken ; lean and rough. 

SCRAG'GED-NESS,) n. Leanness with rough- 

SCRAG'GI-NESS, J ness; ruggedness of sur- 
face. 

SCRAG 'GI-LY, ad. With leanness and roughness. 

SCRAM'BLE, v. i. To claw or catch eagerly with 
the hands, as if to obtain something in competi- 
tion with others ; to move or climb by seizing ob- 
jects with the hand for assistance ; to contend. 

SCRAM'BLE, n. Eager competition or catching 
for the possession of something; a climbing 
quickly by using the hands. 

SCRAM'BLER, n. One who scrambles. 

SCRANCH, v. t. To grind between the teeth; to 
cranch. 

SCRAP, n. A little piece. Properly, something 
scraped off; a part; a fragment. 

SCRAP'-BOOK, n. A blank book for the preser- 
vation of short pieces of poetry and other ex- 
tracts. 

SCRaPE, v. t. To remove the surface of or rub 
with a rough tool or instrument; to erase ; to in- 
sult by rubbing the feet over the floor. 

SCRaPE, re. A rubbing; difficulty; perplexity. 

SCRaP'ER, n. An instrument for scraping and 
cleaning ; a miser ; an awkward fiddler. 

SCRATCH, v. t. To rub or tear the surface of; to 
rub or tear with the nails; to wound slightly ; to 
erase from, as to scratch ballots ; v. i. to use the 
claws in tearing a surface. 

SCRATCH, n. A slight wound or laceration ; a 
sort of wig; a rent; among boxers, the line of 
meeting for a fight; hence, trial; severity of a 
contest. 

SCRATCH'ER, n. He or that which scratches. 

SCRATCH'ES, n. pi. Cracked ulcers on a horse's 
foot. 

SCRAWL, v. t. To draw or mark irregularly and 
awkwardly; to write clumsily. 

SCRAWL, v. i. To write unskillfully. 

SCRAWL, 11. Bad or irregular writing; a rough 
bush or branch. 

SCRAWL'ER, n. One who scrawls ; a bad writer 
or penman. 

SCR-AW'NY, a. Meager; lean; wasted. 

SCRkAK (skreek), v. i. To creak ; to make a shrill 
noise. 

SCRkAK, n. A creaking; a screech. 

SCRkAM (skreem), v. i. To cry with a shrill 
voice ; to utter a shrill, harsh cry, as in pain or 
fright. 

SCRiiAM (skreem), n. A sharp, shrill outcry; a 
shriek uttered suddenly, as in terror or pain. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, £, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what ; theee, term ; jiae'ine, bied; move, 



SCR 



407 



SCU 



SCRkAM'ER, n. One that screams; a fowL 

SCREECH, v. i. To utter a sudden shrill cry, as 
in terror or acute pain ; to utter a sharp cry, as 
an owl. — Syn. To shriek ; scream. 

S€REECH, n. A sharp, shrill cry, as in acute 
pain or in a sudden fright ; a harsh, shrill cry. 

SCREECH'-OWL, n. An owl that screeches. 

SCREED, n. In architecture, a name given to 
wooden rules for running moldings. 

SCREEN, v. t. To separate or cut off from in- 
convenience or danger; to shelter; to defend; to 
conceal ; to sift or separate the coarse part of any 
tiling from the fine: to pass through a screen. 

SCREEN, n. Something that separates or cuts off 
what is not wanted or is injurious; that which 
shelters or protects; a coarse riddle or sieve. 

SCREW (31) (skru), n. A cylinder grooved spiral- 
ly, and variously used in mechanics; one of the 
six mechanical powers. A wood-screw is made 
of iron for entering wood. 

S€REW (skru), v. t. To turn or fasten with a 
screw; to distort; to deform by contortions; to 
distort ; to force. 

SCREW'-STkAM'ER, n. A steam vessel propel- 
led by a screw in the stern, i. e., a revolving 
wheel with broad blades, which strike upon the 
water and force the ship forward. 

SCRIB'BLE, v. i. To write without care or beau- 
ty; v. t. to write with haste or carelessly; to fill 
with artless or worthless writing. 

SCRIB'BLE, n. Hasty and careless writing. 

SCRIB'BLER, n. A petty writer or author. 

SCRIBE, n. A writer; notary: clerk or secretary; 
among the Jews, a doctor of law ; one who read 
and explained the law. 

S€RIBE, v. t. To mark by a model or rule; to 
mark so as to fit one piece to another. 

SCRIMP, v. t. To contract ; to shorten ; to make 
too small. 

SCRIMP, n. A pinching miser; a niggard. 

SCRIMP, a. Short; scanty. {.Local] 

SCK1 P, n. A small bag ; a piece of writing, certifi- 
cate, or schedule ; a certificate of stock subscribed 
to a bank or other company. 

SCRIPT. )i. Type in the form of written letters. 

SCRIPT'uR-AL (skrlpt'jni-ral), a . According to 
the Scriptures; contained in the Scriptures. 

SCRIPT'uRE (skrlpt'yur), n. Primarily, a writ- 
ing; distinctively, the books of the Old and New 
Testament ; the Bible ; used either in the singu- 
lar or plural. 

SCRIPT'iiR-IST, n.^ One versed in the Scriptures. 

SCR!V"_EN-ER (skriv'ner), n. One whose occu- 
pation is to draw contracts or other writings, or to 
place money at interest. 

SCROF'u-LA, n. A disease affecting various 
parts, but generally the glands, especially of the 
neck, when it is popularly called king's evil; 
struma. [taining to scrofula. 

SCKoF'C-LOUS, a. Diseased with scrofula; per- 

SCRoLL, n. Roll of paper or parchment ; a vo- 
lute or spiral ornament in architecture ; a round- 
ed mark or flourish added to a signature. 

SCRo'TI-FORM. a. Shaped like a purse. 

SCRCB, 7i. A worn brush ; a mean drudge. 

SCRCB, v. t. To rub hard, as with a brush or 
something coarse, and commonly with water, as 
to scrub a floor ; to scour ; v. i. to be diligent and 
penurious. 

SCRCB'BY, a. Mean; sorry; worthless. 

SCRC'PLE (31) (skru'pl), n. Primarily, a bit of 
gravel, which in the shoe hurts and impedes; 
hence, some doubt or small cause which hinders 
the determination of what is right ; hesitation to 
decide; a weight of twenty grains. Proverbial- 
ly, a very small quantity. [hesitate. 

SCRC'PLE (skru'pl), v. t. or v. i. To doubt ; to 

SCRC'PLER, n. One who has scruples. 

SCRu-PU-LoS'I-TY, n. The quality or state of 
being scrupulous; nicety of doubt or hesitation. 



SCRC'PU-LOUS, a. Hesitating or nice in decision 
for fear of doing something wrong; nice in mat- 
ters of conscience ; given to making objections; 
exact in regarding facts; nice. — Syn. Conscien- 
tious; exact; doubtful; careful; cautious. 

SCRC'PU-LOUS-LY, ad. With a nice regard to 
minute particulars or to exact propriety. 

SCUt'PU-LOUS-NESS, n. Quality of being scru- 
pulous ; exactness, niceness, or caution in determ- 
ining or acting, from regard to truth, propriety, 
or expedience ; nicety of doubt ; preciseness. 

SCRC-TI-NEER', ft. One who scrutinizes. 

SCRu'TI-NlZE (31), v. t. To examine closely. 

SCRC'TI-NIZ-ER, n. One who searches or exam- 
ines closely. 

SCRC'TI-NOUS, a. Inquisitive; exact in search- 
ing; captious. 

SCRC'TI-NY, n. Close search or examination. 

SCRU-TOIR' (skru-tworO, n. A kind of chest, 
cabinet, or drawers for papers. 

SCCD, v. i. To fly or be driven with haste. 

SCCD, n. A thin cloud driven swiftly by the 
wind ; a rushing or driving along. 

SCCD'DLE, v. i. To run with affected haste. 

SCCF'FLE (skiif'fi), n. A confused struggle or 
contest of persons in close embrace; a tumultu- 
ous strife for victory ; a fight 

SCCF'FLE (skiif fi), v. i. To strive with close em- 
brace ; to contend tumultuously. 

SCCF'FLER, n. One who scuffles. 

SCCLK, v. i. To lurk secretly; to lie close. See 
Skclk. 

SClLL, ii. A short oar; a boat. 

SCCLL, v. t. To impel by turning an oar at the 
stern. 

SCCLL'ER, n. One who skulls; a boat rowed by 
one man. 

SCCLL'ER- Y, n. A place for kitchen utensils. 

SCCLL'ION (skul'yun), n. One that cleans pots 
and kettles or serves in the scullery. 

SCCLP'TILE (skiilp'tll), a. Formed by carving. 

SCCLPT'OR, n. An artist in sculpture. 

SCOLPT'uR-AL (skfilpt'yur-al), a. Pertaining to 
sculpture. 

SCCLPT'uRE (skulpt'ynr), n. The act or art of 
representing the forms of objects or persons in 
stone or other material, primarily by chiseling 
or carving, but also by other modes, as molding 
and casting; carved work. 

SCCLPT uRE (skfilpt'ynr), v. t. To carve ; to form 
images by chiseling or carving. 

SCOM, n. Froth or impurities on the surface of 
liquor; refuse. 

SCCM. v. t. To take off the scum ; to skim. 

SCCM'BLE. v. t. In painting, to spread opaque 
colors thinly over others for effect. 

SCCM'MER, n. One who scums ; a skimmer. 

SCCM'MINGS, n. pi. Matter skimmed from liq- 
uor. 

SCCP'PER, n. A hole cut through the sides of a 
vessel to discharge water from the deck of a ship. 

SCCP'PER-HoSE (-hoze), n. A leathern pipe at- 
tached to the mouth of the scuppers of the lower 
deck of a ship to prevent the water from entering. 

SCCP'PER-NaIL, n. A nail with a broad head 
for covering a large surface of the hose. 

SCCRF, n. A dry mealy scab or crust on the skin 
of an animal. 

SCCRF, n. A name for the bull-trout. 

SCC-RF'I-NESS, n. State of being scurfy. 

SCCRF'Y, a. Covered with or like scurf. 

SCCR'RILE (skur'ril), a. Such as befits a buffoon 
or vulgar jester ; low; mean; opprobrious. 

SCUR-RIL'I-TY, n. Low, vulgar, abusive lan- 
guage; grossness of reproach or invective; vile 
buffoonery or jesting. 

SCCR'RIL-OUS, a. Using vile, opprobrious lan- 
guage ; containing low indecency or abuse ; gross- 
ly abusive. — Syn. Opprobrious ; abusive ; re- 
proachful ; vile; mean; vulgar. 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bull; vi ciocs. — e as k ; g as j 



ch as su ; shis. * Sot English, 



scu 



408 



SEA 



S€uR'RIL-OUS-LY, ad. With scurrility- 

S€uR'RIL-OUS-NESS, n. Indecency and abusive- 
ness of language; baseness of manners; vulgarity. 

S€uR'VI-LY, ad. Meanly; pitifully; basely. 

S€uR'VI-NESS, n. State of being scurvy. 

SCCR'VY, n. A disease characterized by debility, 
a pale, bloated face, bleeding gums, and livid tu- 
mors ; a. scurfy ; scabby ; low ; mean. 

SCOT, n. The tail of a hare or other animal whose 
tail is short. 

S€u'TATE, a. Having the form of a round buck- 
ler ; protected by large' scales. 

SCuTCH, v. t. To beat or cleanse, as flax. 

SCCTCH'EON (skiich'un), n. The ornamental bit 
of brass plate perforated with a key-hole of a 
piece of furniture. 

S€u'TEL-La-TED, a. Formed like a pan; divid- 
ed into small surfaces. 

S€0'TI-FORM, a. Resembling a buckler. 

SCOT'TLE, n. Abroad shallow basket; a metal 
pail for coals; in ships, a small hatchway or 
opening; an opening in the roof of a house; a 
quick pace. 

SCuT'TLE, v. t. To cut large holes in the sides 
or bottom of a ship for any purpose ; to sink by 
cutting a hole in the bottom. 

SCuT'TLE, v. i. To run with affected precipita- 
tion. 

SCYTHE (sithe), n. An instrument with a long 
curved blade for mowing grass, or cutting grain 
or other vegetables. 

SCYTHE'MAN, n. One who uses a scythe. 

SCYTH'I-AN (sith'e-an), a. Pertaining to Scyth- 
_ia, the northern part of Asia and Europe. 

SeA (se), n. A part or large branch of an ocean, 
as the Mediterranean or Caribbean Sea; a large 
body of salt-water ; the region of ocean as distin- 
guished from the land, as to put to sea, on the 
high .seas ; a wave or billow, as to ship a sea ; di- 
rection of the waves, as a head sea ; a large basin 
or laver, as the brazen sea of Solomon ; some- 
times, a large body of inland water, as the Cas- 
pian Sea, the Sea of Galilee [from the Greek]. 

SEA'-BEAT, X a. Beaten by the 

SeA'-BeAT-^N (se'-be-tn),f waves; lashed by 
the waves. 

SEA'-BoARD, n. The sea-shore ; ad. toward the 
jea. 

SeA'-BoAT (se'-bote), n. A vessel that plays well 
on the water. - [by it. 

SEA'-BoRN, a. Born on the ocean or produced 

SeA'-BKeACH (se'- breech), n. An irruption of 
the sea. 

SEA'-BREEZE, n. A current of air from the sea. 

SEA'-BUiLT (sG'-bilt), a. Built for the sea. 

SeA'-CaLF, n. The common seal. 

SeA'-CaP-TAIN (-kap'tin), n. The captain of a 
_ship. _ 

SeA'-€oAL (-kole), n. Fossil coal; coal brought 
by sea. 

SEA'-€oAST (-koste), n. The shore or border of 
the land adjacent to the sea or ocean. 

SEA-EL'E-PHANT, n. A large animal of the 
_seal family, called also elephant seal. 

SeA'-FaR-ER, n. A mariner; a seaman. 

SEA'-FAR-ING, a. Usually employed on the sea. 

SEA'-FIGHT (-fite), n. A naval engagement. 

SeA'-FOWL, n. A fowl that lives near the sea. 

SEA'-GagE, n. The depth that a vessel sinks in 
jfche water. 

SeA'-GIRT (17), a. Surrounded by the water of 

_the sea or ocean. 
SeA'-G6D, n. A marine deity; a fabulous being, 

supposed to preside over the sea, as Neptune. 
SEA'-GREEN, a. ' Having the color of sea-water. 
SkA'-HoRSE, n. The morse or walrus. 
SEAL (seel), n. The common name for the aquat- 
ic carnivorous mammals of the family Phocidse, 
inhabiting sea-coasts and islands in high lati- 
tudes, and valuable for their skins, fur, and oil. 



SEAL (seel), n. A piece of metal or stone with a 
device or inscription on it, used for making an 
impression, as on wax ; the wax or other sub- 
stance set to an instrument, and impressed or 
stamped with a seal ; the wax or wafer on a let- 
_ter ; that which confirms. 

SEAL (seel), v. t. To affix a seal ; to fasten with a 
seal ; to mark ; to confirm ; to keep close : to rat- 
ify. 

SeA'-LeGS, n. pi. The ability to walk on a ship's 
_deck when pitching and rolling. 

SeAL'ER (seel'er), n. One who seals; an officer 
who tries weights and measures, and stamps them 
_as legal. 

SeAL'ING, n'. The business of taking seals ; the 
_act of affixing a seal. 

SeAL'ING-WAX, n. A colored compound of lac 
_with some other resin for sealing letters. 

SeA'-LI-ON, n. A large earless seal, with manes 
resembling those of the lion. 

SEAM (seem), n. The suture or uniting of two 
edges of cloth or other things by sewing; the 
joint or interval between the edges of boards or 
planks, as in a floor or side of a ship; a vein or 
stratum of metal or the like ; a scar. 

SEAM, v. t. To make a seam ; to mark with a cic- 
_atrix. 

SeA'MAN (se'man), n. A sailor; a skillful mar- 
iner. 

SEA'MAN-SHIP, n. Skill of a good seaman. 

SeA'-MaRK, n. A beacon, light-house, or other 
object to direct mariners. 

SeA'-MEW, n. A sea-fowl of the gull species. 

SeAM'LESS, a. Having no seam. 

SEAM'STER, n. One who sews well, or whose oc- 
cupation is to sew. 

SeAM'STRESS (seem'-), n. A female whose occu- 
_pation is sewing. 

SeAM'Y (seem'y), a. Full of seams ; containing 
seams. 

SE'ANCE (sa'ans), n. lFr.~\ Session, as of some 
_public body. 

SeA'-NeT-TLE, n. A popular name of certain 
Medusae which have the property of stinging 
jvhen touched. 

SeA'-Ny" MPH (se'-nimf), n. A nymph or goddess 

" _of the sea. 

SeA'-oT-TER, n. An aquatic animal of the otter 
_kind, highly valued for its fur. 

SeA'-PIE (se'-pi), n. A dish of paste and meat 
boiled. _ [at sea. 

SeA'-PIeCE (se'-peece), n. A picture of a scene 

SeA'-PoRT, n. A harbor on the sea-coast, or a 
town on such a harbor. 

SEA'POY. See Sepoy. 

SeAR (seer), v. t. To burn to dryness the surface 
of any thing ; to cauterize ; to make callous or 
Jnsensible. 

SeAR (seer), a-. Dry; withered. 

SEARCH (13) (serch), v. t. To examine thorough- 
ly in order to find something; to explore. To 
search out, to seek till found ; v. i. to seek ; to 
look for ; to make search. 

SEARCH, n. A seeking for something, the place 
of which is unknown ; quest; inquiry. 

SEARCH'A-BLE (serch'a-bl), a. That may be 
searched. 

SEARCH'ER, n. One who searches or explores. 

SEARCH'ING, a. Penetrating; trying; close. 

SEARCH'WAR-RANT, n. In law, a warrant is- 
sued by a justice of the peace authorizing per- 
sons to search houses and other places for stolen 
goods. 

SEAR'-CLoTH, n. A cloth to cover a sore. 

SEAR'ED-NESS, n. State of being seared or hard- 
ened; insensibility. 

SEA'-RISK, n. Hazard at sea; danger of injury 
_or destruction by the sea. 

SEA'-ROOM, n. Ample distance from land for a 
ship's safety. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, fak, last, fall, iviiat ; tiikre, term; marine, hird ; move, 



SEA 



409 



SEC 



SEA'-SftR-PEXT, n. A huge animal of great 
length, like a serpent, inhabiting the sea. 

SeA'-SeRV-iCE, n. Naval service ; service in the 
navy or ships of war. 

SEA'-SIIELL, n. A marine shell. 

SEA'-SHoRE, n. The margin of the. land next 
the sea or ocean. 

SEA'-SiCK, a. Affected with nausea at sea. 

SEA'-SiCJC-NESS, n. Sickness caused by the mo- 
tion of a ship at sea. 

SEA'-SIDE, n. The land near the sea. 

SEA'SON (sG'zn), n. A fit or suitable time ; a di- 
vision of the year; any time distinguished from 
others. 

SlflA'SON (se'zn), v. t. To render palatable or to 
give a relish to by the mixture of something; to 
qualify by admixture ; to temper; to imbue; to 
prepare ; to dry. 

SeA'SOX, v. i. To become mature ; to grow fit for 
use, as timber season* well under cover. 

SeA'SOX-A-BLE (s6'zn-a-bl), a. Being in good 
time or in due season. — Syn. Opportune; timely. 

SeA'SOX-A-BLE-XESS (se'zn-), n. Fitness or op- 
portuneness of time. 

SeA'SON-A-BLY, ad. In good time. 

SeA'SOX-IXG (se'zn-), n. That which is added to 
_any food to give it a relish ; a drying. 

SeA'$OX-LESS, a. Having no proper season or 
_change of seasons. 

SEAT (seet), n. That on which one sits, as a chair, 
bench, &c. ; the place of sitting ; site ; situation ; 
jnansion ; residence ; abode. 

SEAT (seet), v. t. To place on a seat ; to cause to 
sit down ; to assign seats to ; to settle ; to appro- 
priate seats to particular families ; to put a new 
_seat to. 

SeA'WARD, a. Directed toward the sea. 

SeA'-WEED, n. A marine plant used as a ma- 
_nure and in the manufacture of glass. 

SeA'-WoRN, a. Worn by service at sea. 

SeA'-WoR-T II Y (sc'-wur-thy), a. Able to encoun- 
ter the violence of the sea ; fit for a voyage. 

SE-Ba'CEOUS (-ba'shus), a. Fat; like or par- 
taking of fat. 

Se'CAXT, a. Cutting ; dividing in two parts. 

Se'CAXT, n. A line that cuts another; in trig- 
onometry, a line from the center of a circle to a 
tangent 

SE-CEDE', v. i. To withdraw from communion, 
fellowship, or association ; to separate one's self. 

SH-CED'ER, n. One who secedes. 

SE-CeRX' (1-3), v. t. To secrete ; to separate. 

S K-CeRX'.MEXT, n. The process of secreting. 

SE-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. Act of withdrawing, 
particularly from fellowship and communion ; 
departure. 

SE-CLuDE', v. t. To separate, as from company 
or societv : to shut in retirement. 

SE-CLu'SiOX (-klii'zhun), n. The act of with- 
drawing, as from society; the state of being sep- 
arate^ or apart . retirement; so litude, which see. 

SE-CLu'SIVE, a. That keeps separate or in re- 
tirement. 

SeC'OXD, a. Next to the first in order of place 
or time ; next in value, rank, or other quality ; 
inferior. 

SE€'OND, n. The next to the first ; an assistant; 
one who attends another in a duel ; next in val- 
ue or rank ; the sixtieth part of a minute. 

SeC'OXD, v. t. To support; to aid; to forward ; 
to act as the maintainer. 

SEC'OXD-A-RI-XESS, n. State of being second- 
ary. 

Se€'OXD-A-RY, a. Coming after the first; not 
primary; inferior; subordinate. 

SeC'OXD-A-RY, n. A delegate or deputy. 

SeC'OXD-ER, n. One who supports what another 
attempts, moves, or proposes. 

SeC'OND-HaND, a. Not new or primary; re- 
ceived from another. 



SECOXD-LY, ad. In the second or next place. 

SeC'OXD-RaTE, n. The second order in size, 
&c. ; a. of the second size, rank, dignity, qual- 
ity, or value. 

SECOND-SIGHT (-site), n. Power of seeing 
things future, or invisible to the bodily sight; 
clairvoyance; a power claimed by some of the 
Jlighlanders of Scotland. 

Se'€RE-CY, n. State of being separated or hid 
from view ; concealment from the observation 
of others; close privacy; forbearance of disclos- 
ure or discovery ; fidelity to a secret. 

SECRET, a. Properly, separate ; concealed from 
the notice of others; affording privacy ; secluded; 
not proper to be seen ; known only to God. — Syn. 
Concealed; private; occult; clandestine; hidden, 
which see. 

SE'CRET, n. Something not known or discover- 
ed ; something studiously concealed. 

SECRE-TA-RY, n. One who is employed by a 
public body, company, or individual to write rec- 
ords, &c. ; the chief officer of a department; a 
bureau with a wri ting-desk. 

SeCRE-TA-RY-SHIP, n. The office of secretary. 

SE-CReTE', v. t. To remove from observation or 
the knowledge of others; to produce from the 
blood substances different from the blood itself 
or from any of its constituents, as the various 
fluids of the body; to secern.— Syn. To hide; 
conceal. 

SE-€Re'TION (se-kre'shun), n. A separation of 
animal juices; the act of secreting; the matter 
secreted. 

SE-CRE-Ti"TIOL"S (-tish'us), a. Parted by ani- 
mal secretion. 

SE-€Re'TiYE-XESS, n. In phrenology, the or- 
_gan which induces secrecy or concealment. 

Se'CRET-LY, ad. In a secret manner; without 
the knowledge of others. — Syn. Privately; priv- 
ily; latently. 

SE'CRET-NESS, n. The state of being hid or con- 
cealed ; the quality of keeping a secret. 

Se'CRE-TO-RY, a. Performing secretion. 

Se€T,?i. Literally, something cut off or separated; 
hence, a class or body of men, in philosophy or 
religion, united together, and separated from oth- 
ers, by holding a particular class of tenets; a de- 
nomination. 

SE€-Ta'RI-AX, a. Pertaining or peculiar to a 
sect. _ 

SEC-Ta'RI-AN, n. One of a sect, or one devoted 
to the interest of a sect ; in England, one of a 
party in religion which has separated itself from 
the established church. See Heretic. 

SE€-Ta'RI-AX-I$M, n. Disposition to form sects; 
devotion to a sect. 

SECTA-RIST, n. A sectary; sectarian. 

SECTA-RY, n. A follower of a sect ; a sectarian. 

SECTILE, a. That may be cut in slices with a 
knife. 

SECTION ( ek'shun), n. A cutting off; part sep- 
arated from the rest; a division; a distinct part 
or portion; the division of a chapter; a distinct 
part of a city, country, or people. — Syn. Part. — 
The English apply the word section to a part or 
portion of a body of men, as "a section of the 
clergy," "a small section of the Whigs," &c. 
We have no such use of the word in this coun- 
try, but use it abundantly in a way never known 
in England, as in the phrases, " the Eastern sec- 
tion of our country," &c, giving the same sense 
also to the adjective sectional, as sectional feel - 
ings, interests, &c. This perhaps arose from our 
public lands being surveyed and divided into 
squares of 320 acres each, called sections, which 
has made the term in this sen-e prevalent through- 
out the United States. 

SECTIOX-AL, a. Pertaining to a section. 

SECTOR, n. A part of a circle comprehended be- 
tween two radii and the included arc; a mathe- 



dove, woi.r, book; bule. 



is k ; g as 3 ; s as z ; cu as bii ; this. + Sot English. 



SEC 



410 



SEE 



matical instrument, consisting of two graduated 
rules opening by a joint, and useful in finding 
the proportion between quantities of the same 
kind. 

SeC'u-LAR (s5k'yu-lar), n. A Church officer or 
official, whose functions are confined to the vocal 
department of the choir. 

SeC'u-LAR, a. Pertaining to this present world, 
or to things not spiritual or holy ; among Roman 
Catholics, not regular or under monastic rules; 
in astronomy, very gradual, or only noticeable 
after the lapse of ages. 

SEC-u-LAR'I-TY, n. Worldliness ; supreme at- 
tention to the things of the present life. 

SEC-u-LAR-1-Za'TION, n. The act of convert- 
ing from an ecclesiastical to a temporal use. 

Se€'u-LAR-IZE, v. t. To convert from the spirit- 
ual appropriation to a secular use; to make sec- 
ular. 

Se€'u-LAR-LY, ad. In a worldly manner. 

SeC'u-LAR-NESS, n. Worldliness; a secular dis- 
position ; worldly-mindedness. 

SeC'UN-DiNES, n. pi. The after-birth. 

SE-€uRE', a. Free from fear or danger; incapa- 
ble of being taken: safe; confident; not distrust- 
ful ; careless ; wanting caution. 

SE-CuRE', v. t. To guard effectually from danger 
or from escape ; to make fast ; to save or pro- 
tect; to make certain of payment by giving bond 
or surety ; to guard effectually. 

SE-GOEE'LY, ad. Without danger ; without fear 
or apprehension. 

SE-€uRE'NESS, n. Confidence of safety ; exemp- 
tion from fear; hence, want of caution. 

SE-€u'RI-T Y, n. Effectual defense or safety from 
danger; that which protects or guards from dan- 
ger; freedom from danger or apprehension of it ; 
something given or deposited to secure some per- 
formance, as of a contract, the payment of a debt, 
good behavior, &c. Securities, pi., evidences of 
debt. 

SEDAN', n. A portable chair or covered vehicle 
for carrying a person. 

SE-DaTE', a. Settled: calm; quiet; undisturbed. 

SE-DaTE'LY, ad. Calmly; with composure. 

SE-DaTE'NESS, n. Calmness, security; com- 
posure ; tranquillity ; freedom from agitation. 

SkD'A-TIVE, a. Composing; calming; diminish- 
ing irritative activity; assuaging pain. 

SkD'A -TiVE, n. That which composes or allays 
irritability and assuages pain. 

SeD'EN-TA RY, a. Sitting much ; requiring much 
sitting ; passed mostly in sitting ; inactive ; mo- 
tionless; sluggish. 

SE-De'RUNT, literally, they sat; a technical term 
for " a session" in the Scottish ecclesiastical court. 

SeDgE, n. A narrow flag ; a coarse grass. 

SeDg'Y, a. Overgrown with sedge. 

SeD'I-MENT, n. The matter which subsides; 
the bottom of liquors. — Syn. Settlings ; lees ; 
dregs. [by sediment. 

SED-I-MftNT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to or formed 

SE-DI"TION (-dish'un), n. A factious rising of 
men in opposition to law and in disturbance of 
the peace. — Syn. Tumult ; insurrection, which 
see. 

SE-DI"TIOUS (se-dlsh'us), a. Pertaining or tend- 
ing to sedition ; engaged in sedition ; factious. 

SE-Di"TIOUS-LY (-dish us-ly), ad. With factious 
turbulence ; in a manner to violate the public 
peace. 

SE-DI"TIOUS-NESS, n. Quality of being sedi- 
tious ; the disposition to excite popular commo- 
tion in opposition to law. 

SE-DuCE' (2S), v. t. To lead astray by arts ; to en- 
tice from the path of rectitude and duty; to 
tempt and lead to iniquity. — Syn. To tempt; con- 
vert; mislead; deceive; allure, which see. 

SE-DuCE'MENT, n. Act of seducing ; the arts 
employed to seduce. 



SE-DuC'ER, n. One that seduces; especially, one 
that by specious arts destroys female chastity. 

SE-DuC'TION (se-diik'shun), n. Act of enticing 
from virtue ; appropriately, the act or crime of 
enticing to the surrender of chastity. 

SE-DuC'TIVE, a. Apt or tending to seduce. 

SE-DuC'TiVE-LY, ad. In a seductive manner. 

SE-Du'LI-TY, n. Great diligence ; unremitting 
industry. 

SeD'u-LOUS, a. Literally, sitting closely at an 
employment; hence, steady and persevering in 
business or in endeavors; very diligent in appli- 
cation. — Syn. Assiduous; industrious; diligent. 

SeD'tj-LOUS-LY, ad. With diligent application. 

SeD'u-LOUS-NESS, n. Steady diligence. 

SEE, n. The seat of jurisdiction of a bishop or 
archbishop ; a diocese ; a province. 

SEE, v. t. \_pret. Saw ; pp. Seen.] To perceive by 
the eye ; to perceive mentally ; to understand ; to 
ascertain; to take care. — Syn. To behold; dis- 
cern; perceive; descry. 

SEE, v. i. To have the power of sight; to have in- 
tellectual perception ; with through or into, to ex- 
amine ; to look. 

SEED, n. The substance, animal or vegetable, 
which nature provides for the reproduction of 
the species ; that from which any thing springs ; 
original ; first cause ; offspring ; progeny. 

SEED, v. i. To produce seed. 

SEED, v. t. To sow with seed. 

SEED'-BuD, n. The g: rm or rudiment of fruit. 

SEED'-CaKE, n. A cake with aromatic seeds. 

SEED'LING, n. A plant springing from a seed. 

SEED'-PLaT,? n. A nursery ; a place for raising 

SEED'-PL5T,j seeds to produce plants. 

SEEDS'MAN, n. A man who deals in seeds. 

SEED-TIME, n. A fit time for sowing. 

SEED'Y, a. Abounding with seeds; run to seed; 
exhausted ; miserable looking. 

SEEK, v. t. [pret. and pp. Sought (sawt).] To go 
in search or quest of; to look for; to endeavor 
to find or gain by any means ; to solicit. 

SEEK, v. i. To make search or inquiiy ; to en- 
deavor. 

SEEKING, n. The act of looking for. 

SEEL, v. t. To close the eyes. 

SEEM, v. i. To have the aspect of, as he seems 
pleased; to present the semblance of, as it seems 
likely. — Syn. To appear. — To appear has refer- 
ence to a thing's being presented to our view, as 
the sun appears; to seem is connected with the 
idea of semblance, and usually implies an infer- 
ence of our mind as to the probability of a thing's 
being so, as a storm seems to be coming. " The 
story a]jpears to be true," means that the facts 
as presented go to show its truth; "the story 
seems to be true," means it has the semblance of 
being so, and we infer that it is true. 

Syn. — Should seem ; would seem. — These 
phrases differ only in strength. We use u should 
seem" 1 when the case is so strong as to render the 
inference almost a necessary one ; we use "woidd 
seem" to express a prevailing semblance or prob- 
ability, with perhaps a slight implication that the 
case may be otherwise. Mr. Pickering supposed 
"ivould seem" to be a peculiarity of America; it 
is used, however, by English writers in the sense 
given above. [semblance. 

SEEM'ER, n. One who has an appearance or 

SEEM'ING, a. Specious; apparent, which see. 

SEEM'ING, n. An appearance or show. 

SEEM'ING-LY, ad. In appearance or pretense. 

SEEM'ING-NESS, n. Fair appearance. 

SEEM'LI-NESS, n. Comeliness; grace; beauty; 
decorum. 

SEEM'LY, a. Suited to the particular occasion, 
purpose, or character. — Syn. Becoming ; fit ; suit- 
able; proper; decent. 

SEER, n. A person who sees ; particularly, one 
who sees visions ; a prophet. 



a, e, &c, long; 1, e, &c, short.— cake, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, med ; move, 



SEE 



411 



SEM 



SEE'SAW, n. A reciprocating motion ; among 
children, a balanced board or plank, ou the ends 
of which two persons move up and down alter- 

_ nately; v. i. to move one way and the other, or 
up and down; to move with a reciprocating mo- 
tion. 

SEETHE, v. t. Ipret. Seethed, Sod; pp. Seethed, 
Sodden.] To boil ; to decoct or prepare for food 
in hot liquor. 

SEETHE, v. i. To be in a state of ebullition. 

SEG'MENT, n. A part cut off from a figure ; part 
of a circle contained between a chord and an arc ; 
in general, a part cut off or divided. 

SEG'RE-GaTE, v. t. To separate from others. 

SEG-RE-Ga'TION, n. Separation from others. 

SeIGN-Eu'RI-AL (se-nu'ri-al), a. Pertaining to 
the lord of a manor ; manorial ; invested with 
large powers. 

SkIGN'IOR (seen'yur), n . A title in Southern Eu- 
rope equivalent to lord. Grand Seignior, the 
Sultan of Turkey. 

SEIGN'IOR-AgE (seen'yur-), a. A small percent- 
age paid to the government for coining bullion 
into money ; copyright money paid to au author 
by a publisher. 

SEIGN'IOR-Y (seen'yur-y), n. A lordship; a 
manor; dominion. 

SEINE (seen), n. A large fishing-net. 

SeIZ'A-BLE, a. That may be seized. 

SEIZE (seez), v. t. To take suddenly or by force ; 
to invade suddenly ; to hold possession of by law ; 
to fasten. — Syn. To catch ; to grasp. 

SEIZ'IN (se'zin), n. Possession in deed or in law. 

SEIZ'OR (seez'or), n. One who seizes. 

SEIZ'uRE (seez'yur), n. Act of seizing or taking 
possession ; the thing taken ; gripe ; grasp ; 
catch. 

SE-Ju'GOUS, a. Having six pairs of leaflets. 

SE'LaH, n. [Heb.~\ In the Psalms, supposed to 
signify silence, or a pause in the musical per- 
formance of the song. 

SEL'DoM (sSl'dum), ad. Rarely; unfrequently. 

SE-LEOT', v. t. To take by preference from 
among others ; to choose from a number ; to pick 
out. 

SE-LECT', a. Taken from a number by prefer- 
ence; nicely chosen. — Syn. Picked; choice. 

SE-L£€'TION, n. Act of choosing ; that which is 
chosen. 

SE-L£€T'MAN, n. A .town officer in New En- 
gland to manage the concerns of the town. 

SE-L£€T'NESS, n. State of being well chosen. 

SE-L£€ T'OR, n. One who selects. 

SEL-E-N6G'RA-PHY, n. A description of the 
surface of the moon. 

SELF, pron. or a.; pi. Selves (selvz). Self is 
united to certain pronouns to express emphasis 
or distinction, as thou, thyself. Self is some- 
times used as a noun, as a man's self; same ; of 
one's own person. 

S£LF-A-BaSE'MENT, n. Humiliation from 
shame or guilt, or conscious inferiority. 

S£LF-AB-HOR'REN(JE, n. Abhorrence of self. 

S£LF-€ON-CeIT' (-kon-seetO, n. A high opinion 
of one' s self. See Egotism. 

S£LF-DE-NI'AL, n. The denial of personal grat- 
ification ; the denial of one's self. 

SELF-ES-TEEM', n. Good opinion of one's self. 

SELF-EV'I-DENCE, n. Evidence or certainty 
resulting from a proposition without proof. 

SELF-EV'I-DENT, a. Evident without proof; 
that produces certainty or conviction upon a bare 
presentation to the mind. 

SELF-EX-IST'ENCE, n. Existence by virtue of 
a being's own nature, independently of any other 
being or cause; an attribute peculiar to God. 

SELF-iN'TER-EST, n. Private interest ; selfish- 
ness. 

SELF'ISH, a. Regarding one's own interest chief- 
ly or solely. 



SELF'ISII-LY, ad. la a selfish manner ; with un- 
due self-love. 

SELF'ISH-NESS, ra. The exclusive regard of a 
person to his own interest or happiness. See 
Self-loves. 

SELF-LOVE' (-liiv'), n. The love of ones's self or 
happiness. — Syn. Selfishness. — The term self-love 
is used in a two-fold sense: (1.) It denotes that 
longing for good or for well-being which actuates 
the breasts of all, entering into and characteriz- 
ing every special desire. In this sense it has no 
moral quality, being (from the nature of the case) 
neither good nor evil. (2.) It is applied to a vol- 
untary regard for the gratification of special de- 
sires. In this sense it is morally good or bad ac- 
cording as these desires are conformed to duty or 
opposed to it. Seljislmess is always voluntary 
and always wrong, being that regard to our own 
interests, gratification, &c, which is sought at 
the expense and to the injury of others. 

SfiLl -POS-SES'SIOX (-pos-sesh'un or -poz-zesh'- 
un), n. Possession of one's powers; calmness; 
self-command. 

S£LF-RE-PRoACH', n. Reproach of one's own 
conscience. 

SELF-RIGHT'EOUS-NESS, n. Reliance on one's 
own righteousness. 

S£LF'-SaME, a. The very same ; identical. 

S£LF-SUF-Fl"CIENT (-f ish'ent), a. Having full 
confidence in one's own powers or endowments ; 
whence, haughty; overbearing. 

S£LF-WiLL', n. Disposition to have one's own 
will, or not to yield to the will or wishes of oth- 
ers; obstinacy. 

SELL, v. t. \_pret. and pp. Sold.] To transfer 
property for a consideration in money ; to betray. 

SELL, v. i. To practice selling; to be sold. 

SELL'ER, n. One who sells. 

SELV'EDgE,) n. The edge of cloth where it 

SELVA6E, J is closed by complicating the 
threads; a woven border of close work. 

SELVES (selvz), pi. of Self. [eye. 

SEM'A-PHoRE, n. A telegraph by signals to the 

SEM'BLANCE, n. Likeness; appearance; resem- 
blance ; show. 

+SE'MEX, 7i. [X.] Seed, particularly of animals. 

SE-MES'TER, n. A period or term of six months. 

SEM'i, used in compound words, signifies half. 

SEM-i-aN'Nu-AL (-an'yu-al), a. Half-yearly. 

SEM-i-aN'Nu-AL-LY, ad. Every half year. 

SEM-i-aN'NU-LAR, a. Having the figure of a 
half ringor half circle ; that is, half round. 

SEM'i-BReVE, n. A note in music of two minims. 

S£M'I-€Ho-RUS, n. A short chorus, or a chorus 
which is performed by a few persons. 

SEM'I-CiR-€LE (som'e-sir-kl), n. The half of a 
circle. 

SEM-I-CiR'€U-LAR, a. Having the form of a 
half circle. 

S£M'i-€o-LOX, n. A point marked thus (;), de- 
noting a pause in reading or speaking of less du- 
ration than a colon, or double the duration of a 
comma. 

SEM-i-DI-aM'E-TER, n. The half of a diameter ; 
distance from center to circumference or periph- 
ery; radius. 

SEM-i-Di-aPH'AN-OUS (di-af'an-us), a. Half or 
imperfectly transparent. 

SEM-i-Lu'NAR, a. Resembling in form a half 
moon. 

SEM'I-MET-AL (-met'tl), n. A metal not mallea- 
ble, as bismuth, arsenic, cobalt, manganese, and 
others. 

SEM'i-NAL, a. Pertaining to seed ; radical ; ru- 
dimental ; original. 

S£il'I-NA-RY, n. A place of education; any 
school, college, &c, in which youth are taught 
the seeds or elements of learning ; a seed-plat. 

SEM'I-XA-RY, a. Seminal ; belonging to seed. 

SEM'i-XaTE, v. t. To sow; to propagate. 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bull; vrcious. — € as k; g as j; s 



as sh ; this. * Sot English. 



SEM 



412 



SEN 



SEM-i-Na'TION, n. Act of sowing ; in botany, 
the natural dispersion of seed. 

SE-MI-OL'O-gY, n. That part of medicine which 
treats of the signs or symptoms of diseases. 

SeM'i-QUa-VEK, n. Note of half a quaver. 

SeM'I-ToNE, n. Half a tone in music; the small- 
est interval admitted in modern music. 

SEM-i ToN'IC, a. Consisting of half a tone. 

SeM'i-Vo-€AL, a. Having an imperfect sound; 
pertaining to a semivowel. 

SeM'i -VOW-EL, n. A consonant sounded imper- 
fectly, or with an articulation that may be pro- 
longed, as f, 1, m, n, r, s. 

SEM-PI-TkR'NAL (13), a. Everlasting; endless. 

SEM-PI-TeR'NI-TY, n. Future, endless duration. 

SeN'A-RY, a. Belonging to or containing six. 

SeN'ATE, n. Primarily, a council of elders ; an 
organized assembly or body of men bearing a 
chief part in government ; in the United States, 
the higher and least numerous branch of a Legis- 
lature. 

SENATE-HOUSE, n. A house in which the sen- 
ate meets ; a place of public council. 

SEN A.-TOR, n. The member of a senate. 

SEN-A-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to or befitting 
senatoi's or a senate; grave; dignified; entitled 
to elect a senator. 

SEN-A-To'RI-AL-LY, ad. With dignity ; in the 
manner of a senate. 

SeN'A-TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a senator. 

SEND, v. t. \_pret. and pp. Sent.] To impel or 
drive by force to a distance ; to cause to go or 
pass from one place to another ; to cause to be 
conveyed ; to diffuse. — Syn. To throw ; cast ; 
dispatch. 

SeND, v. i. To dispatch an agent or messenger 
for some purpose, as we sent to inquire. 

SeND'ER, n. One who sends or transmits. 

SE-NeS-CENCE, n. A growing old ; decay by 
age. 

SeN'ES-cHAL (sen'e-shal), n. An officer in the 
houses of princes and dignitaries, who has the su- 
perintendence of feasts and domestic ceremonies ; 
a steward. 

SE'NiLE, a. Belonging to old age. 

SE-N1L'I-TY, n. Old age. 

SeN'IOR (sen'yur), a. Older in age; older in of- 
_fice. 

SeN'IOR, n. One older in years or in office ; one 
in the fourth year of his course in an American 
college, or in the third year at a theological sem- 
inary. 

SeN-IoR'I-TY (sen-yor'e-ty), n. Priority of birth 
or office ; superior age. 

SeN'NA, n. The leaves of the Cassia, used as a 
cathartic. 

SeN'NIGHT (sen'nit), n. The space of seven 
nights and days ; a week. 

SeN'SATE, a. Perceived by the senses. 

SEN-Sa'TION (sen-sa'shun), n. The subjective 
feeling of the mind when simply acted upon by 
one of the organs of sense ; feeling awakened by 
immaterial objects, as sensations of awe in the 
Divine presence ; state of excited interest, as "the 
book will excite a sensation.'" — Syn. Perception. 
— The distinction between the e words when used 
in mental philosophy may be thus stated. If I 
simply smell a rose, I have a sensation ; if I refer 
that smell to the external object which occasion- 
ed it, I have a perception. Thus the former is 
mere feeling without an object ; the latter is the 
mind's apprehension of some external object as 
occasioning that feeling. 

SENSE, n. Literally, feeling; hence, the feelings 
experienced through certain organs of the body ; 
power of sensation; sensibility; sound judgment; 
moral perception ; meaning ; import. — Syn. Un- 
derstanding; reason. — Some philosophers have 
given a technical signification to these terms, 
which may here be stated. Sense is the mind's 



acting in the direct cognition either of mate- 
rial objects or of its own mental states. In the 
first case, it is called the outer, in the second, 
the inner sense. Understanding is the logical 
faculty, i. e., the power of apprehending under 
general conceptions, or the power of classifying, 
arranging, and making deductions. Reason is 
the power of apprehending those first or funda- 
mental truths or principles which are the condi- 
tions of all real and scientific knowledge, and 
which control the mind in all its processes of in- 
vestigation and deduction. These distinctions are 
given, not as established, but simply because they 
often occur in writers of the present day. 

SeNSE'LESS, a. Incapable of sensation ; contrary 
to reason or sound judgment ; silly ; stupid. 

SeNSE'LESS-LY, ad. Without sense ; foolishly. 

SENSE'LESS-NESS, n. Unreasonableness; folly; 
stupidity ; absurdity. 

SEN-SI-BiL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of impres- 
sions ; acuteness of perceptions ; delicacy of feel- 
ing ; that quality of a thing which renders it 
easily affected, as the sensibility of a balance or 
a thermometer. 

SEN'SI-BLE, a. Capable of sensation ; recogniza- 
ble by the senses or the mind, as sensible heat ; 
having good sense ; easily moved or affected. — 
Syn. Intelligent. — We call a man sensible whose 
judgments and conduct are marked and governed 
by sound judgment; we call one intelligent who 
is quick and clear in his understanding, i. e., who 
discriminates readily and nicely in respect to dif- 
ficult and important distinctions. The sphere of 
the sensible man lies in matters of practical con- 
cern; of. the intelligent man, in subjects of intel- 
lectual interest. 

SeN'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of perception ; 
sensibility ; susceptibility ; intelligence ; good 
sense. 

SeN'SI-BLY, ad. Perceptibly ; with good sense. 

SEN-SiF'I€, a. Producing sensation. 

SeN'SI-TiVE, a. Having sense or feeling; hav- 
ing acute sensibility ; susceptible of organic af- 
fections from external things, as the sensitive 
plant ; affecting the senses ; depending on the 
senses ; having feelings easily excited. 

SeN'SI-TIVE-LY, ad. In a sensitive manner. 

SeN'SI-TiVE-NESS, n. The state of being sensi- 
tive, or of having quick, acute sensibility. 

SEN-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the sensoiium. 

SEN-So'RI-UM,) n. The seat of sense and per- 

SeN'SO-RY, J ception, supposed to be the 
brainj organ of sense. 

SeN'Su-AL (sCn'shu-al), a. Pertaining to the 
senses ; depending on or derived from the senses, 
as sensual appetites, sensual pleasure ; carnal, 
not spiritual ; devoted to the gratification of 
sense ; lewd ; luxurious. 

SeN'Su-AL-ISM, n. The doctrine that all our 
ideas not only originate in sensation, but are 
transformed sensations, copies or relics of sensa- 
tions ; a state of subjection to sensual feelings or 
appetites. 

SeN'Su-AL-IST (sen'shu-al-), n. One devoted to 
sensual gratifications. 

SEN-Su-AL'I-TY, ) n. Devotedness to the grat- 

SEN'Su-AL-NESS, / ification of the bodily appe- 
tites ; free indulgence in carnal pleasures. 

SEN-Su-AL-I-Za'TION (sen-shu-al-e-zft'shun), n. 
The act of sensualizing ; the state of being sens- 
ualized. 

SeN'Su-AL-iZE (sun'shu-al-Ize), v. t. To make 
sensual ; to debase by carnal gratifications or 
pleasure. 

SeN'Su-AL-LY, ad. In a sensual manner. 

hfiN'Su-OUS, a. Pertaining to sense; connected 
with sensible objects. 

SeN'TENCE, n. Literally, an expression of 
thought ; hence, a judgment or decision of the 
understanding ; technically, a judgment pro- 



Ac, long.— 1, e, &c, short— cake, far, last, fall, what; there, term ; marine, bird; move, 



SEN 



413 



SEQ 



nounced by a court or judge upon a criminal ; a 
decision that condemns; an opinion ; an axiom ; 
in grammar, as much of a discourse as contains 
a complete sense or thought, followed by a full 
pause. 

SENTENCE, v. t. To pass judgment on ; to 
doom ; to condemn. 

SEN-TSN'TIAL (-ten'shal), a. Pertaining to a pe- 
riod or sentence. 

SENTENTIOUS (-tcn'shus), a. Short and pithy ; 
energetic ; abounding with sentences, axioms, 
and maxims. 

SEN-TENTIOUS-LY, ad. In short, expressive 
sentences ; with energetic brevity. [ness. 

SEN-TEN'TTOUS-NESS, n. Pithiness; concise- 

SENTIENT (son'shent), a. Having the faculty of 
perception. 

SENTIENT, n. A being or person that has the 
faculty of perception. 

SEN'TI-MENT, n. A thought prompted by feel- 
ing ; a direction or tendency of thought given by 
some passion or disposition of mind, as the sen- 
timent of fear or of hope. — Syn. Opinion; feel- 
ing. — An opinion is an intellectual judgment in 
respect to any and every kind of truth. Feeling 
describes those affections of pleasure and pain 
which spring from the exercise of our sentient 
and emotional powers. Sentiment (particularly 
in the plural) lies between them, denoting settled 
opinions or principles in regard to subjects 
which interest the feelings strongly, and are pre- 
sented more or less constantly in practical life. 
Hence it is more appropriate to speak of our re- 
ligious sentiments than opinions, unless we mean 
to exclude all reference to our feelings. The 
word sentiment in the singular leans ordinarily 
more to the side of feeling, and denotes a refined 
sensibility on subjects affecting the heart. 

SEN-TI-MENT'AL, a. Abounding in sentiment. 
— Syn. Eomantic. — Sentimental usually describes 
an error or excess of the sensibilities ; romantic, 
a vice of the imagination. The votary of the 
former gives indulgence to his sensibilities for 
the mere luxury of their excitement ; the votary 
of the latter allows his imagination to rove for 
the pleasure of creating scenes of ideal enjoy- 
ment, and gazing on the creations which he has 
made. One who is sentimental is apt to be laugh- 
ed at ; one who is romantic not unfrequently falls 
into fatal erro'-s. 

SEN-TI-M£NT'AL-I$M, n. Affectation of exqui- 
site feeling or sensibility ; sentimentality. 

SEN-TI-MENT'AL-IST, n. One who affects fine 
feelings or exquisite sensibility. 

SEN-TI-MENT-AL'I-TY, n. Affectation of fine 
feeling or sensibility. 

SEN-TI-MENT'AL-LY, ad. With feeling or sens- 
ibility. 

SEN'TI-NEL, n. A soldier on guard. 

SENTRY, n. A sentinel ; a soldier on guard ; 
guard ; watch. 

SENTRY-B6X, n. A shelter for a sentinel. 

SEP'AL, n. In botany, a distinct part of that sort 
of calyx which is called the perianth. 

SEP-A-RA-BiL'I-TY, 1 n. The quality of ad- 

SEP'A-RA-BLE-NESS,j mitting separation. 

SeP'A-RA-BLE, a. That may be separated. 

SeP'A-RaTE, v. t. To part or disunite in almost 
any manner things before joined, or that other- 
wise would be joined, as the chaff from the wheat; 
to set apart from others for a particular purpose. 
— Syn. To part; disunite; sever; disjoin; di- 
vide; disconnect. 

SeP'A-RaTE, v. ?'. To part; to be disunited; to 
be disconnected ; to withdraw from each other ; 
to cleave ; to open. 

SeP'A-RATE, «. Divided from the rest or from 
something ; disunited ; disconnected ; unconnect- 
ed ; distinct ; used of things that have or that have 
not been connected. 



SEP'A-RATE-LY, ad. Singly; distinctly; apart. 

SEP'A-RATE-NESS, n. The state of being sepa- 
rate. 

SEP-A-RX'TION, n. The act of separating or dis- 
uniting ; disjunction ; the state of being separate; 
disconnection ; the operation of disuniting or de- 
composing substances; chemical analysis; di- 
vorce a mensa et thoro. — Syn. Divorce. — In En- 
gland, a distinction is made between a separation 
and a divorce in the proper sense of the term. 
The former may be granted by the Ecclesiastical 
Court, but allows neither of the parties to marry 
again ; the latter can be granted only by a spe- 
cial act of Parliament. 

SEP'A-RA-TISM, n. Disposition to separate, par- 
ticularly from a church ; the principles of Sepa- 
ratists. 

SeP'A-Ra-TIST, n. One that withdraws from an 
established church. — Syn. A seceder; a dissent- 
er ; a schismatic. 

SeP'A-Ra-TOR, n. One who disjoins. 

S£P'A-RA-TO-RY, n. A chemical vessel for sep- 
arating liquors; a surgical instrument for sepa- 
rating the pericranium from the cranium. 

SE-PAWN', n. Meal of maize boiled in water for 
food; hasty-pudding. 

Se'PI-A, n. The scientific name of the cuttle-fish ; 
a pigment prepared from the ink of the sepia or 
_cuttle-fish. 

Se'POY, \ n. A native of India in the military 

SEA'POY,J service of Europeans. 

SEPT, n. A clan, race, or family proceeding from 
a common progenitor ; used in Irish history. 

SEPT-AN G 'GU-LAR (-ang'gu-lar), a. Having sev- 
en angles. 

SEP-TEM'BER, n. The ninth month of the year, 
or the seventh month from March, which was for- 
merly the first month of the year. 

SEP-TEM'PAR-TlTE, a. Divided into seven parts. 

SEP'TEX-A-RY, n. The number seven; o. con- 
sisting of seven. 

SEP-T£N'NI-AL, a. Lasting seven years ; happen- 
ing once in seven years. 

SEP-TfiN'NI-AL-LY, ad. Once in seven years. 

SEP-TENTRI-ON, n. The north; northern re- 
gion. 

SEP-TEXTRI-OX-AL, 

SEP-TEN'TRI-OX, 

SEPTIC, > a. Having power to promote pu- 

SEPTl€-AL,j trefaction. 

SEP-Ti-LAT'ER-AL, a. Having seven sides. 

SEP-TU-ag'E-XA-RY (-uj'e-na-ry), n. A person 
seventy years old. 

SEP-TU-ag'E-XA-RY, a. Consisting of seventv. 

SEP-TU-A-geS'I-MA, n. The third Sunday be- 
fore Lent; seventy days before Easter. 

SEP-TU-A-geS'I-MAL, a. Consisting of seventy. 

SEPTU-A-GlNT, n. The Greek version of the 
Old Testament, so called because it was the work 
of seventy, or, rather, seventy-two interpreters. 

SeP'TU-A-gIXT, a. Pertaining to the Septua- 
gint, 

♦SEPTUM, n. ; pi. Sep'ta. [L.] A partition that 
separates the cells of fruit or two cavities. 

SEPTU-PLE, a. Seven-fold. 

S£P'UL-CIIER,\ n. A place in which the dead 

SEP'UL-CHRE, ) body of a human being is in- 
terred, or a place destined for that purpose. — 
Syn. A grave ; tomb. 

SEP'UL-CHER,? v. t. To bury; to inter; to en- 

S£P'UL-CHRE,f tomb. 

SE-PuL'CHRAL, a. Relating to burial, or to 
monuments erected to the memory of the dead. 

SEP'UL-TfjRE, n. The act of burying or of de- 
positing the dead body of a human being in the 
grave_. — Syn. Burial; interment. 

SE-QUa'CIOUS (se-kwa'shus), a. Following; at- 
tendant. 

Se'QUEL, n. A succeeding part ; that which fol- 
lows; consequence inferred; event. 



,? a. Northern ; pertaining 
j to the north. 



dove, wolf, hook ; rule, hull ; vi"cious. — o as k ; q as j ; s as z ; cii as su ; this. * Sot English. 



SEQ 



414 



SER 



SE'QUENCE, n. A following or that which fol- 
lows ; order of succession ; consequence ; series. 
Se'QUENT, a. Following; succeeding. 
SE-QUeS'TER, v. t. To separate for a time; to 
take possession of some property of another ; to 
put aside ; to remove. 
SE-QUES'TER, v. i. To decline, as a widow, any 

concern with the estate of her husband. 
SE-QUES'TRA-BLE, a. That may be sequestered. 
SE-QUeS'TRaTE, v. t. To sequester. 
SE-QUES-TRa'TION, n. A separation or setting 
apart ; the act of taking a thing from parties con- 
tending for it, and intrusting it to a different per- 
son : the act of taking property from the owner 
for a time, till the rents, profits, &c, satisfy a 
demand ; the act of seizing the estate of a delin- 
quent for the use of the state ; separation ; retire- 
ment. 
SE-QUES-TRa'TOR, n. One who sequesters or to 
whom the keeping of sequestered property is com- 
mitted. 
Se'QUIN, n. A gold coin of Venice and Turkey, 

about two dollars in value. 
SE-RaGL'IO (se-ral'yo), n. The palace of the 
Turkish sultan, in which are kept the females of 
the harem. 
SeR'APH (sur'af), n. ; pi. See'a-phim. An angel 

of the highest order. 
SE-RaPH'I€ (se-rafik), a. Pertaining to a ser- 
aph ; angelic ; sublime ; pure. 
SeR'A-PHIM (-fim), n. [Heb.]pl. of Seeafh. 
SeR'A-PHiNE (-feen), f n. A keyed wind instru- 
SER-A-PHi'NA (-fe'na),j ment of music with 

metallic reeds. 
SE-RaS'KIeR, n. Generalissimo; the Turkish 

minister of war. 
SERE, a. Dry ; withered ; usually written sear. 
SER-E-NaDE', n. A musical entertainment at 

night. 
SER-E-NaDE', v. t. To entertain with nocturnal 

music. 
SE-ReNE', a. Clear ; calm ; undisturbed ; a title 
given to several princes and magistrates in Eu- 
rope. 
SE-R1NE'LY, ad. Calmly; quietly; coolly; with 

unruffled temper. 
SE-RENE'NESS,) n. State of being serene ; clear- 
SE-ReN'I-TY, / ness; calmness; undisturbed 

state. 
SERF (13), n. One in servitude, usually attached 
to the soil. — Syn. Slave. — A slave is the absolute 
property of his master, and may be sold in any 
way ; a serf is usually one bound to work on a 
certain estate, and thus attached to the soil, 
though in some countries serfs are mere slaves. 
SeRF'DOM (serf 'dum), n. The state or condition 

of serfs. 
SeRgE, n. A thin woolen twilled stuff. 
SER'gEAN-CY (sar'j en-sy), n. The office of a ser- 
geant at law. 
SER'gEANT (sar'j en t), n. A petty military offi- 
cer; a lawyer. 
SER'gEANT-AT-XRMS, n. In legislative bodies, 
an officer who executes the commands of the body 
in preserving order and punishing offenses. 
SER'gEANT-SHIP, n. The office of a sergeant. 
Se'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a series. 
Se'RI-ALS, n. pi. Writing commenced in one 
number of a periodical and continued in others. 
*SE-RI-a'TXM. [2/.] In regular order. 
SE-Ri"CEOUS (-rlsh'us), a. Consisting of silk; 

_silky. 
Se'RIeS (se'rez), n. [Z/.] A connected order or 
succession of things ; sequence ; chain ; in math- 
ematics, a number of terms in succession, increas- 
ing or diminishing according to a certain law. 
Se'RI-0-€6M'I€, a. Having a mixture of seri- 
ousness and sport. 
Se'RI-OUS, a. Grave in manner or disposition; 
not gay or volatile; really intending what is 



said ; in earnest ; particularly attentive to relig- 
ious concerns; important; weighty. — Syn. Sol- 
emn ; sober ; earnest ; grave, which see. 

Se'RI-OUS-LY, ad. Gravely; solemnly; in ear- 
_nest ; in an important degree. 

Se'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Gravity; serenity; earnest 
attention, particularly to religious concerns. 

SeR'MON, n. A discourse on a religious subject, 
delivered in public by a licensed clergyman. 

SeR'MON-IZE, v. i. To preach ; to make sermons. 

SeR'MON-iZ-ER, n. One who composes sermons. 

SE-ROON', n. A bale or package in skins. 

SE-RoS'1-TY, n. A fluid from the coagulated se- 
rum of the, blood. 

Se'ROUS, a. Consisting of or like serum. 

SER'PENT (13), n. The name of a class of reptiles 
with extremely elongated bodies, and without 
feet, and which move by means of the folds which 
they form when in contact with the ground ; a 
snake ; a constellation ; a subtle or malicious per- 
son ; a wind instrument of music. 

SeR'PEN-TiNE, a.- Winding or turning one way 
and another, as a serpent ; spiral ; twisted ; re- 
sembling a serpent. 

SeR'PEN-TINE, n. A species of magnesian stone, 
usually green, with shades and spots resembling 
a serpen t's skin. 

SER'PENT-IZE, v. i. To wind like a serpent. 

SER-Pig'I-NOUS, a. Affected with serpigo. 

SER-Pi'GO, n. A kind of tetter ; ring-worm. 



SeR'Ra-TED k a ' Like a saw; J a SS ed ; notched. 

SeR'RA-TORE, n. An indenting in the edge like 
_a saw. [blood or of milk. 

Se'RUM, n. The thin, transparent part of the 

SeR'VAL (18), n. An African carnivorous animal 
of the cat genus. 

SeRV'ANT, n. One who serves ; the correlative 
of master; one who is employed to wait on an- 
other; one in subjection to another; a slave; a 
bondman ; a word of civility, as, I am, sir, your 
obedient servant. — Syn. Serf; menial; drudge; 
slave. 

SERVE, v. t. To work for and obey; to perform 
official duties to; to act as the minister of; to 
supply with food ; to obey ; to be sufficient to or 
to promote, as to serve one's purpose ; to answer 
the purpose of; to treat ; to requite; to apply, as 
the guns were well served. 

SeRVE, v. i. To be a servant; to perform duties, 
as in the army, navy, or any office ; to answer ; 
to be sufficient for a purpose ; to suit. 

SeRV'iCE, n. In a general sense, labor of any 
kind in obedience to a superior, in pursuance of 
duty, or for the benefit of another ; the business, 
office, attendance, duty, or condition of a serv- 
ant ; official duties of any kind, particularly 
military duty; use; purpose; advantage con- 
ferred ; profession of respect ; worship ; special 
official duty of a clergyman, as funeral service ; 
a set or number of vessels ordinarily used at ta- 
ble, as a service of plate. 

SERV'iCE-A-BLE, a. Useful ; affording benefit. 

SERV'iCE-A-BLE-NESS,^ n. Quality of being 
serviceable ; usefulness in promoting good of any 
kind. 

SeRV'iLE (serv'il), a. Such as pertains to a serv- 
ant or slave ; slavish; dependent; cringing. 

SeRV'iLE- LY, ad. In a servile manner; with 
base deference to another ; slavishly ; meanly ; 
abjectly. 

SeRV'iLE-NESS, \ n. Slavishness ; mean sub- 

SeR-ViL'I-TY, J missiveness; obsequiousness. 

SeRV'I-TOR, n. A servant; an adherent; in the 
University of Oxford, a student who receives aid 
in part for his maintenance and learning. 

SeRV'I-TOR-SHIP, n. The office of servitor. 

SeRV'I-TuDE, n. The condition of a slave; a 
state of involuntary subjection to a master. — Syn. 
Slavery; bondage. 



a, b, &c, long. — a, b, &c, short. — care, fae, last, fall, what; tiieke, teem; marine, bied; move, 



SES 



41; 



SEX 



SSS'A-ME, \ n. An oily grain ; a plant from 

SfiS'A-MUM,J which oil is expressed. 

SES-QUIP'E-DAL, a. Containing a foot and a 
half. Sesqui, in composition, signifies one and a 
half, or indicates the ratio of one and a half to 
one. 

SkS'SiLE (sSs'sil), a. Sitting close on the stem, as 
a leaf. 

SeS'SION (sesh'un), n. A sitting or being placed ; 
the actual sitting of a court, council, or Legisla- 
ture ; the time, space, or term during which a 
court, council, Legislature, and the like, meet for 
business. 

S&S'SION-AL (s5sh'un-al), a. Pertaining to a 
session. 

SeSS'-POOL, n. A reservoir or receptacle sunk 
in the earth to receive the water and sediment of 
drains. 

SeS'TERCE, n. A Roman coin, about four cents. 
The sestcrtium was about $4 00. 

SeT, v. t. \.pret. and %>P- Set.] To put or place 
upright or in its proper or natural position ; to 
put, place, or fix in some given way or situation. 
The leading idea is that of fixing something; 
hence, to plant, as a shrub ; to adapt, as words to 
music ; to pitch, as a tune ; to adorn or stud, as 
with jewels ; to replace, as a bone ; to make fast, 
as a coach in the mire; to put in order for use, 
as a razor. 

SET, v. i. To be fixed or congealed, as the mortar 
has set ; to go down or below the horizon, as the 
heavenly bodies ; to have a certain direction, as 
the current sets to the east. 

SeT, n. A number of things suited to each other. 

SE-Ta'CEOUS (-ta'shus), a. Bristly; set with 
strong hairs. 

SE-TiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bristles. 

SeT'-6FF, n. An account set against another ; 
any thing which serves as an equivalent. — Syn. 
Offset. — Offset originally denoted "that which 
branches off or projects," as a shoot from a tree, 
but has long been used in America in the sense 
of set-off or equivalent. This use is beginning to 
obtain in England, though Macaulay uses set-off, 
and so, perhaps, do a majority of English writ- 
ers. Set-off is the appropriate term in legal pro- 
ceedings. 

Se'TON, n. In surgery, a twist of hair or silk 
drawn through a portion of skin for an issue. 

SE'TOUS \ °" In natura l history, bristly. 

SET-TEE', n. A long seat with a back. 

SeT'TER, n. One who sets ; a dog for game. 

SeT'TING, n. A placing ; a falling below the hor- 
izon ; the inclosure, as of gems; a hardening, as 
of plaster or cement. 

SeT'TING-DoG, n. A setter; a dog trained to 
find and start birds for sportsmen. 

SeT'TLE (set'tl), n. A long seat or bench with a 
high back. 

SeT'TLE (set'tl), v. t. To place in a permanent 
condition after wandering or fluctuation ; to es- 
tablish or make certain ; to make close or com- 
pact; to establish by formal or legal act, as to 
settle a pension on any one ; to plant with inhab- 
itants; to fix firmly; to compose; to establish, 
as a pastor; to adjust; to balance and pay, as 
accounts. 

SeT'TLE, v. i. To fall to the bottom of liquor 
spontaneously; to fix one's habitation; to mar- 
ry ; to become fixed after fluctuation ; to become 
calm ; to sink by its weight ; to become more 
compact ; to be established or ordained and in- 
stalled as pastor; to adjust differences or come 
to an agreement. 

SeT'TLE-MENT, n. The act of settling or state 
of being settled ; subsidence ; the act of establish- 
ing, as a colony; the place or colony establish- 
ed; adjustment, as of differences, claims, or ac- 
counts; establishment, as a pastor ; jointure. 



SETTLINGS, n. pi. Sediment: lees; dregs. 

SeT'-To, n. A close conflict of any kind. 

SEVEN (53), a. Noting the sum of six and one. 

SEVEN-FOLD, a. Taken seven times. 

SEVEN-NIGHT (sen'nit), n. A week, the period 
of seven days and nights. Our ancestors num- 
bered the diurnal revolutions of the earth by 
nights, as they reckoned the annual revolutions 
by winters. 

SEVEN-TEEN, a. Noting the sum of ten and 
seven. 

SEVENTEENTH, a. The seventh after the 
tenth. 

SEVENTH, a. The ordinal of seven. 

SEVENTH, n. One part in seven ; an interval in 
music. 

SEVENTH-LY, ad. In the seventh place. 

SEVEN-TI-ETH, a. The ordinal of seventy. 

SEVEN-TY, a. Noting seven times ten. 

SEVER, v. t. To part or divide by violence ; to 
separate by cutting or rending; to disjoin; to dis- 
unite ; v. i. to make a separation or distinction ; 
to be parted or rent asunder. 

SEVER-AL, a. Separate; many; diverse; appro- 
priate ; distinct ; a few. 

SEVER-AL, n. Each; a small number; a sepa- 
rate place. 

SEV'ER-AL-LY, ad. Separately ; distinctly. 

SEVER-AL-TY, n. A state of separation. 

SEV'ER-ANCE, n. Act of separating. 

SE-VeRE', a. A relative term denoting an ex- 
treme or unpleasant degree of certain acts or 
qualities; the opposite of several different epi- 
thets, as of mild, moderate, gentle, indulgent, lax, 
as severe treatment, discipline, pain, cold, &c. ; 
sedate to an extreme ; exact ; extreme. — Syn. 
Rigid ; rigorous ; harsh ; hard ; sharp ; strict, 
which see. 

SE-VeRE'LY, ad. With severity ; distressingly. 

SE-VeRE-NESSJ n. Harshness; rigor; austeri- 

SE-V£R'I-TY, £ ty; strictness. 

SEW (so), v. t To unite with needle and thread. 

SEW, v. i. To practice sewing. 

SEW'ER (so'er), n. One who sews. 

SEW'ER (28) (su'er), n. A passage, under ground 
for conveying off water. 

SEW'ER-AgE (su'er-aje), n. The discharging of 
water, &c, by sewers or a sewer; the making of 
a sewer. 

SEX, n. The distinction of male and female ; by 
way of emphasis, womankind ; females. 

SEX-A-gE-Na'RI-AN, n. A person of sixty years 

SEXA-gEN-A-RY or SEX-ag'E-NA-RY, a. De- 
noting the number sixty. 

SEX-A-geS'1-MA, n. The second Sunday before 
Lent, so called as being about the sixtieth day 
before Easter. 

SEX-A-GES'I-MAL, a. Sixtieth. 

S£X'AN G -GLED (-Sng'gld),? a. Having six an- 

SEX-AN G 'GU-LAR, f gles; hexangular. 

SEX-eN'NI-AL, a. Lasting six years or happen- 
ing once in six years. 

SeX'FID, a. Six-cleft ; divided into six parts. 

SEX'LESS, a. Having no sex. 

SeX'TAIN, n. A stanza of six lines. 

SeX'TANT, n. The sixth of a circle ; a graduated 
instrument commonly in the form of a sixth of a 
circle for measuring angular distances by reflec- 
tion. 

SEX'TlLE (sex'til), n. Aspect or position of two 
planets when distant from each other sixty de- 
grees. 

SeX'TON, n. An under officer of a church, who 
has the care of the utensils of the church, at- 
tends on the officiating clergyman, performs va- 
rious duties, digs graves, &c. ; contracted from 
sacristan. 

SeX'TOX-SHIP, n. The office of sexton. 

SEX'TU-PLE, a. Six-fold. 



pove, wolf, hook ; eule, BULL ; vi cious. — o as k ; o as j ; s as z ; on as sn ; tii; 



Xot English. 



SEX 



16 



SHA 



SkX'u-AL (sek'shu-al), a. Pertaining to sex or 
the sexes ; distinguishing the sex. 

SEX-O-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being distin- 
guished by sex. 

SeX'u-AL-LY, ad. In a sexual manner. 

SHAB, v. i. To play mean tricks ; to reject. 

SHAB'BI-LY, ad. In a mean or ragged manner; 
raggedly; meanly. 

SHAB'BI-NESS, n. Raggedness; meanness. 

SHAB'BY, a. Ragged ; mean ; paltry. 

SHACK, n. Nuts, acorns, grain, &c, fallen to the 
ground, on which swine feed; a shiftless fellow. 

SHACK'LB (shak'kl), n. Stubble. 

SHACK'LE, v. t. To confine so as to prevent free 
motion or action; to fetter; to hamper; to en- 
tangle. 

SHACK'LtfS (shak'klz), n. pi Fetters; hand- 
cuffs, &c. 

SHAD, n. sing, or pi. A large river-fish highly 
prized for food. 

SHaDE, n. Interception of light, or the obscurity 
caused by such interception ; that which inter- 
cepts light or heat ; a screen ; degree of light ; 
the soul after death, regarded by the ancients as 
dimly visible to the sight ; a very minute differ- 
ence. 

SHaDE, v. t. To cover from light; to shelter; to 
hide; to obscure; to produce gradation of color. 

SHADES (shadz), n. pi. The lower region or 
place of the dead; hence, deep obscurity; dark- 
ness. 

SHAD'I-NESS, n. State of being shady. 

SHaD'ING, n. The act or process of making a 
shade. 

SHAD'oW (shad'o), n. Shade with defined lim- 
its, representing the form of a thing; obscurity ; 
shelter; faint representation; type. 

SHAD'oW (shad'o), v. t. To shade; to represent 
faintly or typically ; to conceal ; to protect ; to 
hide ; to screen. 

SHAD'o W-ING, n. Gradation of light and color. 

SHAD'oW- Y, a. Full of shade ; faintly represent- 
ative ; typical ; unreal. 

SHa'DY, a. Overspread with shade ; sheltered. 

SHAFT (6), n. An arrow ; a missile weapon ; 
straight part of a column ; passage for descent 
into a mine; the thills of a chaise; the handle 
of a weapon; a long axis in machinery. 

SHAG, n. Rough hair-cloth ; coarse hair or nap. 

SHAG, a. Hairy ; shaggy. 

SHAG, v. t. To make hairy or rough ; to deform. 

SHAG'GED,") a. Hairy; rough with long hair or 

SHAG'GY, J wool; rough; rugged. 

IS^gi-SfSI! s '} n - state ° f bein » sha ^- 

SHA-GEEEN', n. A kind of leather, prepared 
from the skin of horses, mules, &c, and grained. 

SHAH (shii), n. A Persian word signifying king. 

SHaKE, v. t. or v. i. {.pret. Shook; pp. Shaken.] 
To cause to move with quick vibrations ; to move 
rapidly to and fro ; to make to totter or tremble; 
to agitate ; to move from firmness ; to cause to 
wave!'. 

SHAKE, v. i. To be agitated with vibrations; to 
tremble; to quake; to shiver. 

SHAKE, n. Vibratory motion ; concussion ; agi- 
tation ; a shivering; a motion of hands clasped ; 
in music, a trill. 

SHAK'ER, ii. A person or thing that shakes; the 
name given to a sect of Christians, so called from 
the agitations in dancing which characterize their 
worship. 

SHA'KY, a. A term applied to timber when full 
of_cracks or clefts. [schist. 

SHaLE, n. A shell ; a species of slaty clay or 

SHALL, an auxiliary verb, used in forming the fu- 
ture tense, as I shall go. In the second and third 
persons, shall implies promise, command, or de- 
termination, and the simple future is formed by 
will in those persons. 



SHAL-LOON', n. A slight woolen stuff. 

SHAL'LOP, n. A large boat with two masts. 

SHAL'LoW (shru'to),a. Not deep; shoal; not in- 
tellectually deep ; superficial ; silly ; weak in in- 
tellect^ 

SHAL'LoW (shal'lo), n. Any place where the wa- 
ter is not deep ; a shoal ; a sand-bank. 

SHAL'LoW (shal'lo), v. t. To make shallow. 
[Rare.] 

SHAL'LoW-NESS, n. Want of depth ; want of 
power to enter deeply into subjects; superficial- 
ness ;_emptiness. 

SHA-LoTE', n. A bulbous plant resembling the 
garlic; the French echalote Anglicized. 

SHa'LY, a. Partaking of the qualities of shale. 

SHAM, ii. That which is calculated or intended to 
raise undue expectation, or which deceives ex- 
pectation; pretense; imposture; trick. 

SHAM, a. False; counterfeit; pretended. 

SHAM, v. t. To deceive expectation ; to delude 
with false pretenses ; to obtrude by fraud ; to 
trick ; to cheat ; v. i. to make false pretenses. 

SHAM'BLE, v. i. To walk awkwardly, as if the 
knees were Aveak. 

SHAM'BLJ5;$ (sham'blz), n. pi. A place where 
butcher's meat is sold ; a flesh-market. 

SHAM'BLING, n. A shuffling, awkward gait. 

SHaME, n. The feeling excited by the conscious- 
ness or exposure of something mean, degrading, 
or injurious to reputation; that which causes or 
tends to cause shame. — Syn. Reproach; igno- 
miny; disgrace. 

SHaME, v. t. To make ashamed ; to confound ; to 
disgrace ; to mock. 

SHaME'FaC^D (-taste), a. Bashful ; easily put 
out of countenance; sheepish. 

SHaME'FUL, a. That brings shame or disgrace; 
injurious 'to reputation; indecent. — Syn. Scan- 
dalous; disgraceful; reproachful. 

SHaME'FIJL-LY, ad. Disgracefully; infamous- 
ly; with indignity or indecency. 

SHAME'FUL-NESS, n. Disgracefulness. 

SIIaME'LESS, a. Destitute of shame; impudent. 

S1IaME'LESS-LY, ad. Without shame; impu- 
dently ; done without shame. 

SHaME'LESS-NESS, n. Want of shame. 

S HAM 'MY. See Chamois. 

SHAM- POO',) v. t. To rub or knead the body 

CHAM-POO',/ after a hot bath ; to rub and 
cleanse the hair and beard. 

SHAM-POO'ING, n. The act of rubbing or knead- 
ing the body after a hot bath ; the rubbing and 
cleansing of the hair or beard. 

SIIAM'ROCK, n. The Irish name for a three- 
leaved plant; the wood-sorel. 

SHANK (GG), n. The bone of the leg, or the joint 
from the knee to the ankle ; long part of a tool. 

SHANK BEER. See Sohenk Beer. 

SHAN'TY, n. A rude hut or mean dwelling. 

SHaPE, v. t. Iprct. Shaped; pp. Shaped or Shap- 
en.] To mold or make into a particular form ; 
to give figure to ; to form ; to fashion ; to^idjust ; 
to direct ; to image. 

SHAPE, n. External form or figure ; pattern ; 
form. 

SHAPE'LESS, a. Wanting regular form ; amorph- 
ous. 

SHAPE'LESS-NESS, n. Want of regular form. 

SHaPE'LY, a. Having a regular shape ; well 
formed; symmetrical. 

SHARD, n. Literally, something sheared or bro- 
ken off; a piece or 1 ragmen t, as of a broken ves- 
sel ; the shell of an egg or of a snail ; the sheath 
of the wings of insects; a strait; a fish. 

SHARD'BoRNE, a. Borne on sharded wings, like 
those of a beetle. 

SHXRD'ED, a. Having wings sheathed with a 
hard case. 

SHARE (4), n. A part or portion of a thing in 
which a number are concerned in common ; the 



a, e*, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — oajse, fae, last, fall, what; theee, tekm; marine, bird; move, 



SHA 



417 



SHE 



part pertaining to each individual ; the blade or 
cutting irou of a plow. To go shares, to partake ; 
to be equally concerned. 
SHARE, v. t. To divide; to part among several; 
to partake or be concerned in with others; v. i. 
to have part. 
SHARK'HoLD-ER, n. One who holds a share in 

a joint fund or property. 
SHAR'ER, n. One who shares, a partaker. 
SHXRK, n. A large, voracious, cartilaginous fish 

of numerous genera; a rapacious, artful fellow. 
SHXRK, v. i. To cheat ; to trick ; to live by shifts ; 
v. t. to pick up slyly or in small quantities. 

SHXRK'ER, n. One that lives by sharking. 

SHXRP, 11. In -music, an acute sound ; a note arti- 
ficially raised ; a semitone, or the character which 
directs the note to be thus elevated. 

SHaRP, a. Having a thin edge or fine point; 
forming an acute or very small angle, as a sharp 
roof; acute of mind; of quick or nice perception, 
as a sharp eye ; affecting an organ of sense as if 
by fine, points, as sharp vinegar, sharp note or 
tone, sharp flash of lightning; keen; severe; 
fierce; painful ; close or keen in bargaining ; bit- 
ing ; piercing. — Syn. Keen ; acute. 

SHaRP, v. t. To sharpen ; to make keen ; v. i. to 
grow sharp ; to play tricks in bargaining ; to act 
the sharper. 

SHXHP'UN (shiir'pn), v. t. To make sharp ; to 
give a keen edge to a thing; to point; to make 
acute; to make more eager, active, quick, acute, 
pungent, keen, shrill, acid, &c. 

SHaRP'ER, n. A trickish fellow ; a shrewd man 
in making bargains. See Swindles. 

SHXRP'LY, ad. Keenly; severely; painfully. 

SHaRP'NESS, n. The quality of being sharp; 
keenness ; acuteness ; severity. 

SHaRP'-SeT, a. Very hungry; eager in desire. 

SHXRP'-SHOOT-ER, n. A'tekillful marksman. 

SHXRP'-SiGHT-ED (-si-ted), a. Having acute 
sight or discernment. 

SHXRP'-WIT-TED, a. Having an acute or nice- 
ly discerning mind. 

SHaS'TER,) n. A sacred book among the Hin- 

SHAS'TRA, j doos, containing the dogmas of the 
religion of the Brahmins. 

SHATTER, v. t. To break in pieces ; to rend by 
violence into fragments ; to rive into splinters ; 
to disorder; v. i. to be broken in fragments. 

SHAT'TERS, n. pi. Broken pieces; fragments, 
as to rend into shatters. 

SHAT'TER-Y, a. Easily broken or dashed to 
pieces. 

SHaVE, v. t. S.pret. Shaved; pp. Shaved, Shaven.] 
To cut or pare off something from a surface with 
an edged instrument ; to pare off the surface, or 
to cut off, or in, thin slices ; to pass or skim along 
the surface ; to oppress by extortion ; to fleece. 
To shave a note, to purchase it at a great dis- 
count [a low phrase]. 

SHaVE, n. A blade with two handles for shaving 
wood, called also a drawing-knife. 

SHaVE'LING, n. A man shaved ; a religious. 

SHaV'ER, n. One who shaves ; one that fleeces ; 
a j>harp dealer; a boy or young man. 

SHaV'ING, n. The act of paring the surface or 
from a surface; a thin slice pared off with a 
shave. 

SHAWL, n. A large cloth used by females as a 
loose covering for the neck and shoulders. 

SHAWM, n. A hautboy or cornet. 

SHE, pronoun personal of the fern mine gender. A 
substitute for the name of a female and of the 
feminine gender. 

SHeAF (sheef), n. ; pi. Sheaves. A small bundle 
of grain in the stalk ; any similar bundle. 

SHeAF, v. t. To gather and bind into a sheaf. 

SHEAL'ING, n. A Scotch hut. 

SHeAR (sheer), v. t. [pret. Sheared ; pp. Sheared 
or Shorn.] To cut with shears ; generally, to cut 



or separate something from the surface, as -wool 
from sheep or the nap from cloth; to clip. 

SHEARER, 7i. One that shears. 

SHEARS (sheerz), n. pi. A cutting instrument 
with two blades and bevel edge, movable on a 
pin ; other instruments consisting of two blades, 
the edges *bf which pass each other for cutting, 
are also called shears. 

SHeAR'-STEEL, n. Steel prepared by a peculiar 
process for making shears, scythes, &c. 

SHEATH (sheeth), n. A case for covering ; a scab- 
bard. 

SHeATHE (sheethe), v. t. To put in a ca=-e or 
scabbard, as to sheathe a sword ; to inclose or cov- 
er with a sheath ; to cover or line, as to sheathe 
a ship with copper ; to ob und or blunt. To sheathe 
the sicord, to make peace. 

SHEATH'ER, n. One that sheathes. 

SHeATH'ING, n. The covering of a ship's bot- 
tom, or the materials for such covering. 

SHEATH'LESS, a. Unsheathed; without sheath. 

SHeATH'Y (sheeth 'y), a. Forming a sheath or 
case. 

SHEAVE (sheev), n. The wheel on which a rope 
works in a block, yard, mast, &c. 

SHED, n. A slight building for shelter. 

SHED, v. t. [pret. and pp. Shed.] To pour or 
cause to flow out ; to let fall ; to spill ; to cast off; 
to scatter: v. i. to let fall its parts. 

SHED'DER, n. One who sheds or casts off. 

SHEEN, i a. Bright ; shining ; glittering ; 

SHEEN'Y,j showy. 

SHEEN, n. Brightness; splendor. 

SHEEP, n. sing. a.nd pi. An animal of the genus 
Ovis bearing wool, and remarkable for timidity 
and harmlessness ; in contempt, a silly fellow. 

SHEEP'-€oT, n. A pen or inclosuie for sheep. 

SHEEP'-FoLD, n. A fold or pen for sheep. 

SHEEP'-HOOK. n. A hook fastened by a pole by 
which shepherds lay hold of the legs of sheep. 

SHEEP'ISH, a. Bashful; shamefaced; timorous 
to excess. 

SHEEP'ISH-NESS, n. Bashfulness; shameful- 
ness; excessive modesty or diffidence. 

SHEEP'S'-ETE (-D, n. A sly, diffident, loving 
look. 

SHEEP'-SHeAR-ER (-sheer-er), n. One that 
shears sheep. 

SHEEP'-SHEAR-ING, n. The act or time of 
shearing sheep. 

SHEEP'-SKIN, n. The skin of a sheep. 

SHEER, a. Clear; pure; unmingled ; real. 

SHEER, ad Clean; quite. 

SHEER, v. i. In seamen's language, to deviate 
from a course ; to slip or move aside. 

SHEER, n. The curve or bend of a ship's deck or 
sides. 

SHEERS (sheerz), n. pi. An engine to raise great 
weights. 

SHEET, n. A large cloth used as a part of bed- 
furniture next to the body ; a piece of paper as it 
comes from the manufacturer; any thing ex- 
panded, as a sheet of water, a sheet of metal. 

SHEET'-AN-CHOR (-ank-ur), n. The chief an- 
chor; chief support ; the last refuge for safety. 

SHEET'ING, n. Cloth for sheets. 

SHEETS, n. pi. A book or pamphlet. 

SHEIK (shake), n. One that has the care of a 
mosque ; the chief of a tribe of Arabs. 

SHEK'EL (sh"k'kl), n. iHeb.~\ A Jewish coin, 
value_50 or 60 cents. 

SHE-Ki'NAH, n. In Jewish history, the miracu- 
lous effulgence or visible symbol of the divine 
glory, which dwelt chiefly in the tabernacle and 
the temple ; the divine presence resting like a 
cloud over the mercy-seat. 

SHELF, n. ; pi. Shelves (shulvz). A board sup- 
ported in a horizontal position to lay things on; 
a sand-bank or rock under water. 

SHeLF'Y, a. Full of shelves or rocks and shoals. 



dove, wolf, book ; bole, bull ; vf cious. 



-€ as k ; das j; a as z ; cu as sh ; this. * Not English. 
Dd 



SHE 



418 



SHI 



SHELL, n. A hard covering of certain fruits and 
animals, as the shell of a nut; superficial part; 
outer coat, as of an egg: an instrument of mu- 
sic ; the outer part of a house unfinished ; a bomh. 

SHELL, v. t. To strip or break off the shell, as to 
ishell nuts; to separate from the ear, as to shell 
corn; to attack with bomb-shells; v. i. to fall off. 
as a shell, crust, or exterior coat; to be disen- 
gaged from the husk. 

SHELLAC, \ n. The resin lac spread into thin 

SHkLL'-LaCJ plates after being melted and 
strained. 

SHELL'-FISH, n. Any fish covered with a shell, 
particularly a testaceous mollusk, as oysters, 
clams, &c. 

SHELL'-MXRL, n. A deposite of shells which 
have been disintegrated into a gray or white pul- 
verulent mass. 

SHELL-WORK, n. Work composed of shells or 
adorned with them. 

SHkLL' Y, a. Abounding with shells; consisting 
of shells. 

SHEL'TER, n. That which covers and protects ; 
the state of being covered and protected ; protec- 
tion : a protector. 

SHkL'TER, v. t. To cover or protect from some- 
thing that would injure or annoy; to defend; to 
cover from notice; v. i. to take shelter. 

SHKL'TER- LESS, a. Destitute of shelter or pro- 
tection ; exposed without cover. 

SHEL'TIE (shcl'ty), n. A small hut strong horse, 
so called in Scotland ; a Shetland pony. 

SHELVE, v. i. ' To incline ; to be sloping. 

SHELV'Y, a. Abounding with sand -banks or 
rocks; shelfy. 

SHE-MiT'ie, a. Pertaining to Shem, son of 
Noah, as the Shemitic languages. [Hades. 

SHk'OL, n. [Heb.'] The place of departed spirits; 

SHfiP'HERD n. One that tends and guards sheep; 
a swain ; a rural lover. [of sheep. 

SHEP'HERD-ESS, n. A female that has the care 

SHeR'BET (13), n. A liquor, chiefly of water, 
lemon-juice, and sugar. 

SHERD, n. A fragment ; usually shard, 

SHER'IFF, n. The chief officer in a county to 
whom is intrusted the execution of the laws. 

SHER'IFF-AL-TY,\ n. The office or jurisdiction 

SHER'IFF-DOM, J of a sheriff. 

SHER'RY, n. A Spanish wine, from Xeres, in 
Spain. 

SHEW. It was once common in Eastern Massa- 
chusetts to use Shew as the preterit for Showed, 
as " I shew him the books you sent." This error 
is now falling into disuse. 

SHlB'BO-LETH, n. IHeb.'] A word which was 
made the criterion by which to distinguish the 
Ephraimites from the Gileadites (Judges, xii.) ; 
hence, the criterion of a party. 

SHIELD (sheeld), n. A broad disk or piece of de- 
fensive armor, held before the body as a protec- 
tion against arrows, &c. ; defense; shelter; pro- 
tection. 

SHIELD (sheeld), v. t. To cover, as with a shield; 
to protect ; to defend from danger. 

SHIELD'LESS, a. Destitute of shield. 

SHIEL'ING. See Shealing. 

SHIFT, v. t. To change; to alter; to transfer 
from one place or position to another; to change, 
as clothes. 

SHIFT, v. i. To move; to change place or posi- 
tion; to change; to move from one expedient 
to another. 

SHIFT, n. A change ; a turning from one thing 
to another; hence, an expedient resorted to in 
difficulty ; an evasion ; in a bad sense, mean ref- 
uge; last resource; a woman's under garment; 
a chemise. 

SHIFT'ER, n. One that shifts or plays tricks. 

SHIFT'LESS, a. Not employing proper expe- 
dients to get a living ; destitute of expedients. 



SHIFT'LESS-NESS, n. State of being shiftless. 

SHIL-La'LY, ) n. An oaken sapling or cudgel 

SHIL-LA'LAH, / in Ireland. 

SHIL'LING, n. An English silver coin and mon- 
ey of account, equal to twelve pence, the twenti- 
eth part of a pound, or twenty-three cents. 

SIIIM'MER, v. i. To gleam ; to glisten. 

SHIN, n. The fore part of the leg above the foot. 

SHINE, v. i. Lpret, and pp. Shined or Shone.] To 
emit rays of light ; to give light steadily, as the 
sun shines; to be bright or glossy; to be bright 
figuratively ; to be conspicuous ; to exhibit ani- 
mation or talent. 

SHiNE, n. Brightness; clearness of the sun, as 
rain or shine. 

SHIN'ER, n. A small fresh-water fish of the min- 
now kind. 

SHIN G 'GLE (sTring'gl), n. A thin board, sawed or 
rived, for covering the roofs of buildings ; round, 
water-worn, and loose gravel and pebbles on 
shores and coasts. 

SHIN^'GLE, v. t. To cover with shingles, as to 
shingle a roof. 

SHIN^'GLjBS (shing'glz), n. pi. A kind of tetter 
or herpes. 

SHIN G 'GLING, n. The act of covering with shin- 
gles ; a covering of shingles. 

SHINING, n. Effusion or clearness of light. 

SHIN'ING, a. Bright in a high degree , splendid. 
— Syn. Brilliant ; sparkling. — Shining describes 
the emission of a strong light from a clear or pol- 
ished surface ; brilliant denotes a shining of great 
brightness, but with gleams or flashes; sparkling 
implies a shining intensely from radiant points 
or sparks by which the eye is dazzled. The 
same distinctions obtain when these epithets are 
figuratively applied. A man of shining talents 
is made conspicuous by possessing them ; if they 
flash upon the mifld with a peculiarly striking 
effect, we call them brilliant; if his brilliancy is 
marked by great vivacity and occasional intensi- 
ty, he is sparkling. 

SHIN'ING-NESS, n. Brightness; splendor. 

SHIN'Y, a. Bright; luminous; glittering. 

SHIP, n. A square-rigged vessel with three masts. 

SHIP, v. t. To put on board a ship or vessel of any 
kind, as to ship goods ; to transport in a ship ; to 
engage to serve on board a ship, as to ship sea- 
men ; to receive on board a vessel, as to ship a 
sea; to fix in its place, as to ship the tiller; v. i. 
to engage for service on board of a ship. 

SHIP'BoARD, ad. On board of a ship. 

SHIP'-BOY, n. A boy that serves on board of a 
ship. 

SHiP'-CHAND'LER, n. One who deals in cord- 
age, canvas, and other furniture of a ship. 

SHIP'MaTE, n. A term applied to one that serves 
in the same ship with another. 

SHIP'MENT, n. Act of shipping; articles shipped. 

SHIP'-MoN-EY (-mun-ny), n. In English histo- 
ry, an imposition formerly charged for plbviding 
and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. 

SHIP'PER, n. One who places goods on board a 
ship for transportation. 

SHIP'PING, n. Ships in general. 

SHIP'SHaPE, ad. In a seaman -like manner; 
hence, properly ; according to u a age. 

SHIP' WRECK (-rek), n. The destruction of a 
ship or vessel by violence ; destruction. 

SHIP'WRECK (-rek), v. t. To destroy a ship by 
violence, as by dashing on rocks or shoals; to 
be in a ship when wrecked ; to be cast ashore ; to 
destroy. 

SHIP'WRIGHT (-rite), n. One whose occupation 
is to construct ships. 

SHIRE or SHIRE, n. In England, a county; re- 
tained with us in the word half-shire. In some 
states, shire is used in composition as part of the 
name of a county, as Berkshire. Shire-town, the 
chief or capital town of a county. 



I, £, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short— cake, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, kird; move, 



SHI 



419 



SHO 



SHiRK (17), v. t. or v. i. To avoid or get off from ; 
to slink away. 

SHIRK, n. One who seeks to avoid duty; one 
who live? bv shifts and tricks. 

SHIRKING (17), n. A living by tricks. 

SHiRRED, a. Having lines or cords inserted be- 
tween two pieces of cloth. 

SHiRT, n. A man's garment worn next the body. 

SHiRT, v. t. To cover with a shirt or to change it. 

SHiRT'ING, n. Cloth for shirts. 

SHiST. See Schist. 

SHTVE, n. A slice; a piece; a fragment of flax. 

SHiVER, n. A little piece ; one fragment of many 
into which any thing is broken ; a wheel ; blue 
slate. 

SHIVER, v. t. To break into small pieces or 
splinters ; to dash to pieces ; to cause to shake in 
the wind, as shiver the top-sails; v. i. to fall into 
small pieces ; to quake ; to shake, as with cold, 
fear, &c. ; to be affected with a thrilling sensa- 
tion like that of chilliness. 

SHiV'ER-ING, n. Act of dashing to pieces; a 
trembling; a shaking with cold or fear. 

SHIY'ER-Y, a. Easily broken ; not compact. 

SHoAD (shode), n. Among miners, a train of me- 
tallic stone mixed with rubbish. 

SHoAL (shole), n. A crowd or multitude, as of 
fishes; a shallow; a sand-bank or bar. 

SHoAL, a. Shallow ; not deep. 

SHOAL (shole), v. i. To crowd ; to assemble in 
multitudes; to become more shallow. 

SHOAL'I-NESS, n. Shallowness ; little depth ; 
the state of abounding in shoals. 

SHoAL'Y, a. Abounding with shallows. 

SHOCK, n. A dashing or collision ; a sudden agi- 
tation either of body or of mind; a pile of 
sheaves. — Syn. Concussion. — A shock is literally 
a violent shake or agitation ; a concussion (from 
conditio) is a shaking or things together. A 
shock may affect the body or the mind ; a con- 
cussion properly affects only the body or materi- 
al objects, as a concussion of the brain, a concus- 
sion of the elements. The effects of a shock may 
or may not be violent and lasting ; those of a con- 
cussion are usually severe and permanent. 

SHOCK, v. t. To strike with sudden surprise or 
terror ; to shake by the sudden collision of a 
body; to collect sheaves into a pile. 

SHOCK'ING, a. Striking, or adapted to strike 
with horror. See Dreadfex. 

SHOCK'ING-LY, ad. In a manner to strike with 
horror or disgust ; offensively. 

SHOD'DY, n. Name of woolen rags cut up and 
mixed with fresh wool, to be wrought into cheap 
cloth. 

SHOE (shoo), n. ; pi. Shoes (shooz). A covering or 
protection for the foot of man or beast, or for the 
runner of a sled ; something in the form of a 
shoe, or answering a purpose analogous to that 
of a shoe. 

SHOE (shoo), v. t. Ipret. andpj?. Shod.] To put on 
shoes; to cover as with a shoe. 

SHoE'-BLaCK, n. One that cleans and blacks 
shoes. 

SHOE'-BuCK-LE (shoo'-buk-kl), n. A buckle to 
fasten shoes. 

SHoE'ING-HORN, n. A horn used to facilitate 
the entrance of the foot into a narrow shoe ; any 
thing by which a transaction is facilitated. 

SHOE'M aK-ER (shoo'-) , n. One who makes shoes. 

SHo'ER, n. One that fits shoes to the feet. 

SHoE'STRING, \n. A string or ribbon used 

SHOE'TyE (shoo'tD,f for fastening a shoe to the 
foot. 

SHOOK, n. A bundle of staves. 

SHOOT, v. t. ipret. and pp. Shot.] To let fly and 
drive with force ; to dart; to strike with anything 
shot ; to push out ; to emit ; to pass through 
swiftly ; to kill by shooting. 

SHOOT, v. i. To perform the act of discharging 



or sending with force: to germinate; to bud; to 
form by shooting, as crystals; to be emitted; to 
move with velocity; to feel a darting pain, as my 
temples shoot. 

SHOOT, n. A sprout or branch ; the act of strik- 
ing, or endeavoring to strike, with a missive 
weapon. 

SHOOT'ER, n. One that shoots; one who fires 
arms. 

SHOOT'ING, n. The act of discharging fire- 
arms or of sending an arrow; sensation of a 
quick, darting pain ; the practice of killing game 
with fire-arms. 

SHOP, n. A building for work or for retailing 
goods. See Store. 

SHOP, v. i. To visit shops for buying goods, used 
chiefly in the participle. 

SHOP-BOARD, n. A bench on which work is 
done. 

SHOP'-KEEP-ER, n. One who retails goods. 

SHOP'-LiFT-ER, n. One who steals from a shop. 

SHOP'-LIFT-ING, n. Theft from a shop ; lar- 
ceny. 

SHOP'MAN, n. One who serves in a shop ; a pet- 
ty trader. 

SHOP'PING, n. The act of visiting shops for the 
purchase of goods. 

SHORE, n. A prop; a buttress; a support; coast 
or land adjacent to the sea or a lake. 

SHORE, v. t. To prop or support by props. 

SHoRE'LESS, a. Having no shore; unlimited. 

SHoRE'LINGJ n. The skin of a living sheep, 

SHOR'LING, f shorn. 

SHORT, a. Not long; not extended in time; re- 
peated at short intervals, as short breath ; not 
reaching the point demanded or desired, as a 
quantity .s/iori of our expectations; deficient; im- 
perfect; future; narrow; brittle; abrupt; point- 
ed; petulant; severe. 

SHORT, n. A summary account. 

SHORT -BReATHED (-bretht), a. Having short 
breath or quick respiration. 

SHORT'OOM-ING (-kum-ming), n. A failing of 
the usual produce, quantity, or amount; a fail- 
ure of full performance, as of duty. 

SHORT'EN (5b) (shor'tn), v. t. To make shorter; 
to curtail ; to contract or lessen ; to make paste 
short or friable with butter, lard, &c. ; v. i. to be- 
come short or shorter ; to contract. 

SHORT'EN-ING (shor'tn-ing), n. Act of contract- 
ing ; something to make paste brittle. 

SHORT -HAND, n. A compendious method of 
writing by substituting characters or symbols for 
words ; stenography. 

SHORT'-LIVED, a. Not living long; being of 
short continuance. 

SHORT'LY, ad. Quickly; briefly; soon. 

SHORT'NER, n. He or that which shortens. 

SHORT'NESS, n. The quaTity of being short in 
space or time ; brevity ; conciseness ; want of 
reach or the power of retention ; imperfection. 

SHORTS, n. pi. Bran and coarse part of meal. 

SHORT'-SiGHT-ED (-site-), a. Unable to see far; 
not able to_understand things deep or remote. 

SHORT'-WaIST-ED (-wast-ed), a. Having a 
short waist. 

SHORT'- WiND-ED, a. Affected with short 
breath. 

SHoT, n. Act of shooting; a bullet, or ball, or 
other missile, to be discharged from fire-arms; a 
marksman, as an excellent shot; the distance to 
which a shot flies, as within rifie-shot; a reckon- 
ing. 

SHoTE, n. A young or half-grown unfatted hog. 

SHOT'-FREE, a. Free from charge; exempted 
from any share of expense ; scot-free. 

SHOT'-HoLE. n. A hole made by a bullet. 

SHOT'TEN (53) (shot'tn), a. Having cast the 
spawn ; shooting into angles ; shot out of its 
socket; dislocated. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; RULE, BULL 



cious. — € as k; g as j; s as z; cnassu; this. 



Xot English. 



SHO 



420 



SHU 



SHoUGH (shok), n. A shaggy dog. 

SHOULD (shood), pret. of miall, but used as an 
aux. verb. ' Denoting intention or duty. See 
Ought. 

SHoULD'ER (shol'der), n. The joint that con- 
nects the human arm or the fore leg of a beast 
with the body. 

SHoULD'ER (shol'der), v. t. To take on the 
shoulder, to push or thrust with the shoulder. 

SHOULDER-BLaDE, n. The broad bone of the 
shoulder. 

SHOULD ER-KNOT (-not), n. An ornamental 
knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoulder. 

SHOUT, v. i. To cry out in joy or triumph. 

SHOUT, n. A loud exclamation of joy and tri- 
umph. 

SH UT'ING, n. The act of giving a shout. 

SHOVE, v. t. or v. i. To push; to press against; 
to urge or drive forward ; to push off; to move 
in a boat or with a pole. 

SHOVE, n. The act of pushing; a push. 

SHOVEL (shuv'vl), n. A utensil for throwing 
earth or other loose substances. 

SHOV'-EL (shuv'vl), v.t. To take up or throw 
wjth a shovel. 

SHoVV (sho), v. t. or v. i. [pret. and pp. Showed, 
Shown.] To exhibit to view ; to make to see, 
perceive, or know; to point out; to appear; to 
have appearance. 

SHoW, n. Exhibition , appearance ; ostentatious 
display or parade ; hypocritical pretense. 

SHoW-BReAD (sho'-brSdU n. Twelve loaves 

SHEW'-BRfiAD, J of bread, repre- 

senting the twelve tribes of Israel, placed weekly 
on the golden table of the sanctuary. 

SHoW'ER (sho'er), n. One who shows or exhib- 
its. 

SHOWER (shou'er), n. A temporary fall of rain ; 
a fall of things from the air in thick succession, 
as a shower of stones or arrows; a copious sup- 
ply bestowed ; liberal distribution, as a shower 
of gifts. 

SHOW'ER (shou'er), v. t. or v. i. To wet with rain, 
as to shower the earth ; to distribute in abund- 
ance, as to shower favors ; to rain in showers. 

SHOW'ER-Y (shou'er-), a. Subject to frequent 
showers. 

SHOWILY (sho'-), ad. In a showy manner. 

SHoAV'I-NESS (sho'-), n. Quality of being showy ; 
gaudiness. 

SHo W'Y (sho'-), a. Making a great show ; gaudy ; 
fine; ostentatious. 

SHRAP'NELL-SHeLL, n. [From the name of the 
inventor.] A kind of bomb-shell filled with pow- 
der intermingled with bullets, which does great 
execution when it explodes. 

SHRED, v. t. [pret. and pp. Shred.] To cut into 
small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces, 
as of leather or cloth. 

SHRkD, n. A small piece cut off; a bit. [an. 

SHREW (31) (shru), n. A peevish, vexatious worn- 

SHREWD (shrude), a. Marked by penetration; 
astute ; cunning. — Syn. Sagacious. — Saga- 
cious has already been explained : see the word. 
Shrertf. originally meant keen, but fault-Jinding 
or contentious. This latter sense is now dropped, 
and yet, perhaps, it slightly influences the pres- 
ent application of the word. One who is shrewd 
is keen to detect errors, to penetrate false dis- 
guises, to foresee and guard- against the selfish- 
ness of others. It is not, therefore, a word of as 
much dignity as sagacious, which leads us to 
think of a man as possessing a comprehensive as 
well as penetrating mind, whereas shrewd does 
not. 

SHREW r D'LY, ad. Cunningly; artfully. 

SHREWD'NESS (shrude'ness), n. Sly cunning; 
the quality of nice discernment; sagacity. 

SHREWISH (shru'ish), a. Like a shrew ; peev- 
ish; cross. 



SHREWISH-LY (shru'ish-), ad. Peevishly; 
clamorously. 

SHREWISH-NESS (shru'ish-), n. The qualities 
of a shrew ; frowardness ; petulance ; turbulent 
clamorousness. 

SHRIEK (shreek), v. i. To utter a sharp, shrill 
cry ; to scream, as in sudden fright, anguish, or 
horror. 

SHRIEK (shreek), n. A sharp, shrill cry or scream, 
such as is produced by extreme anguish or sud- 
den terror. 

SHRIEV'AL-TY (shreev'al-ty), n. The office of 
sheriff; sheriffalty. 

SHRIFT, n. Confession made to a priest. [Obs.] 

SHRILL, a. Sharp, acute, piercing, as sound. 

SHRILL, v. i. To utter an acute, piercing sound ; 
v. t. to cause to make a shrill sound. 

SHRILL'NESS, n. Acuteness of sound. 

SHRILL'Y, ad. Acutely, as sound ; with a sharp 
sound. [relics. 

SHRINE, n. A case or box, as for sacred things or 

SHRINK (66), v. i. [pret. and pp. Shrunk.] To 
contract spontaneonsly ; to become less; to be- 
come wrinkled by contraction; to withdraw or 
retire, as from danger; to recoil, as in horror; 
v. t. to cause to contract. 

SHRINK, n. Contraction; a drawing together. 

SHRINK' AgE, n. Act of shrinking, a contrac- 
tion or shrinking into a less compass. 

SHRIVEL (shriv'vl), v. i. To contract; to draw 
or be drawn into wrinkles ; v. t. to contract into 
wrinkles. 

SHROUD, n. A cover; the dress of the dead, a 
winding-sheet ; that which covers, conceals, or 
protects. 

SHROUD, v. t. To cover; to shelter; to hide; to 
dress for the grave. 

SHROUDS (shrowdz), n. pi. A range of large 
ropes extending from the head of a mast to the 
sides of a ship to support the masts. 

SHROVE'-TIDE, \ n. Confession-time ; the 

SHRoVE'-TOES'DAY, j Tuesday before Lent. 

SHROB, v. t. To clear of shrubs. 

SHROB, n. A bush ; a small woody plant ; a drink 
consisting of acid with sugar and spirit. 

SHRuB'BER-Y, n. A collection of shrubs ; shrubs 
in general. 

SHROB'BY, a. Full of shrubs ; consisting of or 
resembling shrubs. 

SHROG, v. t. To contract or draw up, as the 
shoulders. 

SHRCG, n. A drawing up of the shoulders, as in 
expressing dislike, doubt, or contempt. 

SHOCK, n. A shell or covering; a husk or pod. 

SHOD'DER, v. i. To quake ; to feel a cold tre- 
mor, as from fear, aversion, or horror ; to shiver. 

SHOD'DER, \ n. A tremor or shaking, as 

SHOD'DER-ING,) with horror. 

SHOF'FLE (shuf'rl), v. t. or v. i. Properly, to 
shove one way and another, or from one to an- 
other ; to mix by shoving, as a pack of cards ; to 
prevaricate ; to evade ; to shift off. 

SHCF'FLE (shuf'fl), n. A shoving or pushing; a 
change of place in cards ; evasion ; a trick , arti- 
fice. 

SHuF'FLER, n. One who shuffles or evades. 

SHuF'FLING, n. A throwing into confusion ; 
evasion ; artifice ; an irregular gait. 

SHCN, v. t. To avoid ; to escape or try to escape. 

SHOT, v. t. or v. i. [pret. an&pj). Shut.] To close ; 
to bar ; to forbid entrance into ; to preclude ; to 
contract; to close itself ; to be closed. 

SHOT'TER, n. One that shuts; that which closes 
a passage or an aperture, as a window -shutter ; a 
cover. 

SHOT'TLE (shiit'tl), n. A weaver's instrument to 
carry the thread of the woof. 

SHOT'TLE-€oCK,l n. A cork stuck with feath- 

SH0T'TLE-€ORK, j ers, used to be struck by a 
battle-door in play ; also the play. 



I, 1, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



SHY 



421 



SIL 



SHY, a. Keeping at a distance ; avoiding familiar 
intercourse. — Syn. Coy. — Coy (originally from 
Lat. cautus) has reference to that caution and 
reserve with which a delicate female shrinks 
from the approach of the other sex; shyness is a 
characteristic of sensitive minds, leading them 
to avoid society from the pain it gives them to 
meet others. This pain often springs from "an 
excessive self-consciousness, and a continual im- 
pression that every one is looking at them." It 
therefore usually produces awkwardness, and 
sometimes a reserve or stateliness of manner 
which is too often mistaken for pride. 

SHy, v. i. To start suddenly aside, as a horse. 

SHy'LY, ad. In a timid manner; with coyness. 

SHy'XESS, n. Fear of near approach or famil- 
iarity ; reserve ; coyness. 

SIB'I-LAXT, a. Hissing; sissing; making a hiss- 
ing sound. S and Z are called sibilant letters; 
n. a letter that is uttered with a hissing of the 
voice, as 8 and z. 

SIB-I-La'TIOX, n. A hissing or hissing sound. 

SIB'YL, n. In ancient mythology, certain women 
supposed to be endowed with a prophetic spirit. 

SIB'YL-LIXE, a. Pertaining to the sibyls; utter- 
ed, written, or composed by sibyls. 

Si€'€A-TiVE, n. That which promotes the proc- 
ess of drying; a. drying; tending to dry. 

SlCE (size), n. The number six at dice. 

SICK, a. Affected with nausea or with disease of 
any kind ; disgusted. See III. 

SiCK'EN (sik'kn), v. t. or v. i. To make or be- 
come sick ; to disgust or to become disgusted. 

SlCK'ISH, a. Somewhat sick; exciting disgust. 

SiCK'ISH-NESS, n. Quality of exciting disgust. 

SlCK'LE (sik'kl), n. An instrument for reaping. 

SICK'LI-XESS, n. State of being sickly; tenden- 
cy to produce disease; unheal thiness. 

SICK'-LIST, n. A list containing the names of 
the sick. 

SICK'LY, a. Affected with disease ; unhealthy ; 
producing sickness extensively. 

SICK'XESS, n. Disease; disorder of the body; 
state of being diseased ; illness, which see. 

*SI€ PAS'SIM. [L.] So every where. 

SlDE, n. The broad or long part of a thing, as 
distinguished from the end; hence, the part of 
an animal on which the ribs are situated; one 
part of a thing as distinguished from another or 
corresponding part, as the right side; margin; 
verge; region; party; faction. 

SIDE, a. Lateral; indirect. 

SiDE, v. i. To lean to one part ; to adhere to. 

SlDE'-BoARD, n. A piece of cabinet-work to hold 
dinner utensils, &c. 

SiDE'-BoX, n. A box on one side of a theater. 

SIDE'LIXG, a. Sidewise ; with one side foremost ; 
sloping. 

SIDE'LOXG. a. Lateral ; oblique; ad. laterally. 

SID-EK-a'TION, n. A blasting; a slight erysip- 
elas. 

SI-DF:'RE-AL,> a. Pertaining to stars. — Syn. As- 

SID'ER-AL, j tral; starry. 

SID-ER-0-GRAPH'I€, \ a. Pertaining to sid- 

SID-ER-O-GRaPH'IC-AL,/ erography, or per- 
formed by engraved plates of steel. 

SID-ER-6G'RA-PHY, n. Art or practice of en- 
graving on steel plates. 

SiD'ER-0-S€oPE, n. An instrument for detect- 
ing small quantities of iron in any substance. 

SIDE'-SaD-DLE, n. A saddle for females on 
horseback. 

SIDES'MAX, n. An assistant to a church warden ; 
a party man. 

SIDE'- WALK (-wauk), n. A raised footway on the 
side of a street. 

SIDE' WaYS, ad. Toward one side ; inclining. 

SfDE'WiSE, ad. On or toward one side. 

Sl'DLE (si'dl), v. i. To go with one side first; to 
lie on the side. 



SIi:6E (seej), n. The besetting of a place with 
troops for the purpose of compelling a surrender; 
any continued endeavor to gain possession. 

+Si'-ES'TA (se-es'ta), n. [/£.] A short sleep taken 
about the middle of the day or in the afternoon. 

SIEVE (siv), n. A small utensil with bottom of 
fine net-work, for separating the finer parts of 
any substance from the coarser. 

SIFT, v. t. To separate by a sieve ; to scrutinize. 

SIFT'ER, n. He or that which sifts. 

SIGH (si), v. i. To express grief with deep breath- 
ing. 

SIGH ( j T), n. A deep breathing; a long breath. 

SIGH'ING (si'iug), n. The act of suffering a deep 
respiration or taking a long breath. 

SIGHT (site), n. Perception by the eye ; open 
view, as the light-house is just in sight; a show; 
knowledge; the eye or instrument of seeing; the 
faculty of seeing; that which directs the line of 
vision, as the sight of a rifle. 

SIGHT, v. t To come in sight of, as to sight the 
land. 

SIGHT'LESS (slte'less.), a. Wanting sight; offens- 
ive to the eye. 

SIGHT'LESS-NESS, n. Want of sight. 

SIGHT'LI-NESS (slte'le-ness), n. Pleasant ap- 
pearance. 

SIGHT'LY (sTte'ly), ad. Pleasing to the eye ; 
comely ; open to view. 

SIG-MOID'AL, a. Curved like the Greek a, sigma. 

SlGX (sine), n. A token that indicates something 
else; an inscription on a building indicating the 
name or business of the occupant ; a motion, nod, 
or gesture, indicating a wish or command; a 
miracle ; twelfth part of the ecliptic ; type ; sym- 
bol. 

SIGX (sine), v. t. To subscribe the name, as to a 
note ; to signify by the hand ; v. i. to be a sign. 

SIG'XAL, n. A sign, visible or audible, to give 
notice, or the notice given. 

SIG'XAL, a. Remarkable ; notable ; memorable ; 
distinguished from what is ordinary. 

SIG'XAL-IZE, v. t. To make distinguished ; to 
make remarkable or eminent; to make signals. 

SIG'XAL-LY, ad. Eminently; remarkably; mem- 
orably; in a distinguished manner. 

SIG'XA-TuRE, n. A. sign or mark impressed ; 
sign-manual; name written by one's self ; among 
printers, a letter or figure by which the sheets 
are distinguished and their order designated. 

SIGX'ER (si'ner), n. One who subscribes his 
name. 

SIG'XET, n. A seal, or private seal. 

SIG-XIF'I-CANCE, n. That which is signified ; 
power of signifying. — Syn. Meaning ; import ; 
importance; force. 

SIG-XIF'I-€AXT, a. Expressive of something be- 
yond the external mark ; full of meaning ; be- 
tokening something. 

SIG-XIF'I-€AXT-LY, ad. With force or mean- 
ing. 

SIG-XI-FI-€a'TIOX, n. Meaning by words or 
signs; act of making known by signs. — Syn. 
Meaning; import; sense. 

SIG-XIF'I-CA-TIVE, a. Showing by a sign ; hav- 
ing signification or meaning. 

SIG'XI-Fy, v. t. To make known by signs or 
words; to mean; to import; v. i. to express 
meaning with force; to mean ; to be of use. 

SlGX T -MAX'u-AL (slne-man'yu-al), n. One's own 
name written by himself, particularly a king's. 

SlGX'-PoST, n. A post for papers to give notice. 

SI'LEXCE, n. Absence of sound or noise ; for- 
bearance of speech ; oblivion ; secrecy. — Syn. 
Stillness ; muteness ; taciturnity. 

SI'LEXCE, v. t. To restrain from noise or speak- 
ing ; to make silent ; to still ; to appease ; to 
prevent from preaching ; to put an end to. It is 
used elliptically for let there be silence. 

SI'LEXT, a. Xot speaking or making a noise; 




SIL 



422 



SIN 



speaking little ; having no sound, as a silent let- 
ter in a word ; not acting, as a silent partner in 
a commercial house.— Syn. Still; dumb; taci- 
turn, which see, also mute. 

Sl'LEX, n. A species of earth constituting flint, 
quartz, &c. 

*SiL'H6U-ETTE (sil'oo-et), n. LFV.] A profile of 
an object filled in with a black color. 

SIL'I-CA, n. The scientific name for silex. 

SI-LIC'I-Fy, v. t. To convert into silex ; v. i. to 
become silex. 

SI-LI"CIOUS (-llsh'us), a. Pertaining to or par- 
taking of the nature of silex. 

SIL'I-CUM, ) n. An elementary substance; the 

SIL'I-CON, j base of silica or silex. 

SIL'IQUE, I n. A pod with seeds fixed to both 

SIL'I-QUA,f sutures. 

SIL'I-QUOUS, a. Having the pod called silique. 

SiLK, n. The thread produced by the silkworm, 
and cloth made of it; the filiform style of the 
flowers of maize. 

SiLK, a. Consisting of silk ; pertaining to silk. 

SiLK'jB N (53) (sil'kn), a. Made of silk ; as of silk ; 
soft; delicate; smooth; dressed in silk. 

SILK'I-NESS, n. The qualities of silk ; softness 
and smoothness to the feel ; effeminacy. 

SILK'-WORM (warm), n. The worm that pro- 
duces silk. 

SILK'Y, a. Consisting of silk ; like silk ; soft. 

SILL, n. Properly, the foundation of a thing ; the 
timber on which a building rests; the timber or 
stone at the foot of a door, or on which a window- 
frame stands. 

SIL'LA-BUB, n. A mixture of wine or cider and 
milk, and thus forming a soft curd. 

SIL'LI-LY, ad. In a silly manner; foolishly; 
without the exercise of good sense. 

SIL'LI-NESS, n. Self-satisfied folly. 

SIL'LY, a. Foolish in a weak or self-satisfied 
manner. — Syn. Simple ; stupid. — One who is 
simple is unconscious of his own ignorance, and 
falls into mistakes either from a deficiency of in- 
tellect or want of experience and intercourse with 
mankind. One who is silly is not only weak in 
intellect, but (connect, with Ger. selig) is self-sat- 
isfied or pleased with his folly, and even mistakes 
it for wisdom. One who is stupid (from stupeo) 
is like one stupefied, dull of apprehension, and 
slow to feel. 

SILT, n. Salt mud or salt marsh; a deposit of 
mud or fine earth from water. 

SILT, v. i. To choke, fill, or obstruct with mud. 

SIL'VA, n. A collection of poems ; history of the 
forest-trees of a country : also spelled Sylva. 

SIL'VAN, a. Woody; pertaining to woods. 

SIL'VER, n. A precious metal, white, hard, duc- 
tile, brilliant, and in density about 10.5; money. 

SIL'VER, a. Made of silver; white or pale ; of a 
pale luster ; soft, as a silver voice. 

SIL'VER, v. t. To cover with a coat of silver ; to 
give the color of silver; to make hoary, as time 
has silvered his locks. 

SIL'VER-ING, n. The art, operation, or practice 
of covering the surface of any thing with silver ; 
the silver thus laid on. 

SIL'VER- LY, ad. With the look of silver. 

SIL'VER-SMITH, n. One who works in silver. 

SIL'VER- Y, a. Like silver; having the luster or 
appearance of silver; coated with silver. 

SIM'I-LAR, a. Like; resembling; equal. 

SIM-I-LaR'I-TY, n. Likeness; resemblance. 

SIM'I-LAR-LY, ad. In like manner. 

SIM'I-LE, n. [L.] Similitude ; comparison. 

SI-MIL'I-TuDE, n. Likeness ; resemblance ; 
comparison. 

SIM'MER, v. i. To boil gently; to be in a state 
of incipient ebullition. 

SI-Mo'NI-AC, «. One who buys or sells prefer- 
ment in the Church. 

SIM-O-NI'AC-AL, a. Consisting in simony. 



SIM'O-NY, n. The crime of buying or selling of 
church preferment ; so called from Simon Magus. 

SI-MOOM', n. A hot, suffocating wind in Arabia 
and the neighboring countries. 

SIM'PER, v. i. To smile in a silly manner* 

SIM'PER, n. A smile with an air of silliness. 

SiM'PLE, n. Something not mixed or compound- 
ed ; a plant or herb in medicine. 

SIM'PLE, a. Single; plain; artless; unadorned; 
not complex; weak in intellect. [mind. 

SIM'PLE-NESS, n. Artlessness; weakness of 

SIM'PLE-TON, n. A person of weak understand- 
ing ; a silly person. 

SIM-PLIC'I-TY, n. The state of being unnfixed ; 
the state of being not complex ; singleness ; 
plainness; artlessness; weakness of intellect. 

SIM-PLI-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of making simple. 

SIM'PLI-Fy, v. t. To free from complexness. 

SIM'PLIST, n. One skilled in simples. 

SI M'PLY, ad. Without art; only; merely. 

SIM'u-LaTE, v. t. To assume the appearance of 
something without the reality. — Syn, To feign; 
counterfeit ; dissemble. 

SiM'u-LATE, a. Feigned ; pretended. 

SIM'u-La-TED, a. Feigned; pretended. 

SIM-u-La'TION, n. Hypocrisy; mere pretense; 
the act of feigning to be that which one is not. 

Si-MUL-Ta'NE-OUS, o. Being at the same time. 

SI-MUL-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, ad. At the same time. 

SIN, n. The voluntary transgression of the divine 
law ; neglect of a known rule of duty. See 
Crime. [duty. 

SIN, v. i. To depart knowingly from a rule of 

SiN'A-PI$M, n. A cataplasm of mustard-seed. 

SINCE, ad. or prep. After; from the time that; 
ago;_because that. 

SIN-CERE', a. True-hearted ; undissembling ; 
purej honest; hearty, which see. 

SIN-CeRE'LY, ad. Truly; honestly; purely. 

SIN-CeRE'NESS,? n. Honesty; frankness; free- 

SIN-C£R'I-TY, j dom from disguise or simu- 
lation. 

SIN'CI-PUT, n. The forepart of the head. 

SiNE, n. In geometry, a line from one end of an 
arc, perpendicular to the radius, passing through 
the other end of the arc. 

Sl'NE-CORE, n. Primarily, a benefice without the 
cure of souls; hence, any office which has'reve- 
nue without employment. 

ST'NE-CuR-IST, n. One who has a sinecure. 

+ SI'NE Dl'E. [Z.] Without a day assigned. 

*SI'NE QUA NON. [I/.] An indispensable condi- 
tion. 

SIN'EW (sin'nii), n. A tendon ; strength; muscle, 

SIN'EW, v. t. To unite, as with a sinew. 

SIN'EW-LESS, a. Having no strength. 

SIN'EW- Y, a. Consisting of sinews ; strong ; mus- 
cular. . 

SIN'FUL, a. Guilty of sin ; wicked ; unholy. 

SIN'FUL-LY, ad. In a sinful manner. 

SIN'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being sinful; 
wickedness; criminality. 

SING, v. t. or v. i. ipret. Sang, Sung; pp. Sung.] 
To utter sweet, melodious sounds; to make a 
small, shrill sound ; to relate in verse. 

SINgE, v. t. To burn the external part or surface ; 
to burn slightly or superficially. 

SING'ER, n. One skilled in music, or one whose 
occupation is to sing. 

SING'ING, n. Act of uttering musical notes. 

SING'ING-BOOK, n. A music-book ; a book con- 
taining tunes." 

SING'ING-MAS-TER, n. A music -master ; a 
teacher of vocal music. 

SIN G 'GLE (sing'gl), a. Separate; alone; one by 
itself ; unmarried ; particular. 

SIN G 'GLE (sing'gl), v. t. To separate; to take 
from a number ; to choose one from others. 

SIN g 'GLE-HEaRT-ED (slng'gl-hart-ed), a. Hav- 
ing no duplicity. 



1, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short.— care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



SIN 



423 



SKI 



SIN G 'GLE-NESS, n. The state of being one only 
or separate from all others ; simplicity ; sinceri- 
ty; purity of mind. 

SIN G 'GLY (sing'gly), ad. Individually; only. 

SING'SONG, n. A term for bad singing, or for 
dull uniformity of intonation in speaking. 

SIN G 'GU-LAR (sing'gu-lar), a. Single; not com- 
plex; particular; remarkable; eminent; rare; 
odd ; n. particular instance. 

SIN G -GU-LAR'I-TY (sing-gu-lar'e-ty), n. Pecul- 
iarity; oddness; uncommonness of character or 
form ; something curious or remarkable. 

SiN G 'GU-LAR-LY, ad. Peculiarly; strangely. 

SiN'IS-TER, a. Left, or on the left hand, as op- 
posed to dexter or right; evil; corrupt; dishon- 
est; unjust; unfair; unlucky. 

SIN'IS-TRAL, a. To the left; sinistrous. 

SIN-IS-TRoR'SAL, a. Rising from the left to 
right, as a spiral line. 

SIN'IS-TROUS, a. Being on the left ; wrong ; per- 
verse. 

SiNK (66), v. i. ipret. Sunk, Sank ; pp. Stink.] To 
fall down through any medium from being of 
greater specific gravity ; to settle ; to fall ; to sub- 
Bide ; to decline ; to be overwhelmed ; to be low- 
er ; v. t. to cause to sink ; to put under water; to 
excavate downward ; to depress ; to cause to fall ; 
to reduce ; to cause to disappear, as a thing by 
sinking. 

SiNK, n. A basin or drain to carry off filth; any 
place of deep corruption. 

SIN'LESS, a. Free from sin ; innocent. 

SIN'LESS-LY, ad. Without sin ; innocently. 

SIN'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from sin. 

SiN'NER, n. One guilty of sin ; a transgressor of 
the divine law ; an unregenerate person. 

SiN'NER, v. i. To act as a sinner. 

SiN'-oF-FER-ING, n. A sacrifice for sin. 

SiN'u-ATE, v. i. To wind and turn. 

SIN-u-a'TION (sin-yu-a'shun), n. A winding or 
bending in and out. 

SIN-u-dS'I-TY, n. The quality of winding and 
turning, or of curving in and out. 

SiN'u-OUS, a. Bending or winding in and out. 

+Si'NUS, n. [L.] A bay of the sea ; a recess in the 
shore ; a cavity ; a hollow. 

SiP, n. A taste, as of liquor; a small draught. 

SiP, v. t. To take a little with the lips; to drink 
or imbibe in small quantities; v. i. to drink a 
small quantity. 

Si'PHON, n. A bent tube or pipe whose arms are 
of unequal length, for drawing liquor from a ves- 
sel by atmospheric pressure. 

SiR (it), n. A word of respect used in address- 
es to men ; the title of a master of arts ; a title 
of a knight. 

SiRE, n. Father ; a title of kings ; used in compo- 
sition, as grand-sire ; male parent of a beast. 

SIRE, v. t. To generate [used of beasts]. 

Sl'REN, n. A fabled goddess of ancient mythol- 
ogy, who enticed men by singing, and devoured 
them ; hence, an enticing woman. 

Si'REN, a. Pertaining to a siren ; enticing ; fas- 
cinating. 

SiR'I-US, n. The great dog-star. 

SiR'LOIN, n. A piece of beef from the loin. 

Si-Ro€'€0, n. A noxious southeast wind in Italy 
and Sicily. 

SiR'RAH, n. A term of reproach or contempt. 

SiR'UP, n. The sweetened juice of fruits. 

SiS'TER, n. A female born of the same parents ; 
a female of the same society, as nuns. 

SiS'TER-HOOD, n. A society of sisters, or a so- 
ciety of females united in one faith. [ter. 

SiS'TER-IN-LAW, n. A husband's or wife's sis- 

SiS'TER-LY, a. Becoming a sister ; affectionate. 

SiT, v. i. Ipret. Sat; pp. Sat.] To rest on the 
lower part of the body ; to occupy a seat ; to 
perch ; to rest ; to incubate or brood ; to hold a 
session, as judges, legislators, &c. 



SITE, n. A situation; seat; place. 

SIT'TER, n. One that sits. 

SiT'TING, n. A resting on a seat; any one time 
during which a person keeps his seat; session. 

Sl'TU. [Z/.] In situ means, in the appropriate sit- 
uation. 

SIT'0-ATE, ") a. Placed ; standing ; being in 

SiT'u-A-TED,j any condition. 

SIT-u-a'TION, n. State or position in which a 
person or thing is placed or regarded. — Syn. Posi- 
tion ; place; condition; circumstances. 

SITZ'-BaTH, n. A tub for bathing in a sitting 
posture. 

Si'VA, n. In Indian mythology, the title of the 
Supreme Being in the character of the avenger 
or destroyer. 

SiX, a._ Twice three. 

SiX'FoLD, a. Taken or doubled six times. 

SIX'PENCE, n. A small coin ; half a shilling. 

SiX'S€oRE, a. Six times twenty. 

SiX'TEEN, a. Noting the sura of ten and six. 

SiX'TEENTH, a. The ordinal of sixteen. 

SIXTH, a. The ordinal of six. 

SIXTH'LY, ad. In the sixth place. 

SIX'TI-ETH, a. The ordinal of sixty. 

SIX'TY, a. Noting the sum of six times ten. 

SIZ'A-BLE, a. Of a reasonable or suitable bulk. 

Si'ZAR, n. In the University of Cambridge, a 
student of the rank next below a pensioner. 

SIZE, n. Bulk; dimensions; a glutinous sub- 
stance. 

SIZE, v. t. To arrange by bulk ; to prepare with 
size ; to swell ; to increase the size of. 

SIZ'I-NESS, n. Glutinousness ; viscousness. 

SIZ'ING, n. A weak sort of glue used in manu- 
factures; size. 

SIZ'Y, a. Glutinous ; ropy ; viscous ; tough. 

SKaIN. See Skein. 

SKaTE, n. A sort of shoe, furnished with an iron, 
for sliding on the ice. 

SKaTE, v. i. To slide on the ice with skates. 

SKaT'ER, n. One who skates on ice. 

SKEIN (skane), n. A knot of thread, &c. 

SKeL'E-TON, n. The bones of an animal in their 
natural position without the flesh ; the general 
structure or frame of any thing; the heads and 
outline of a literary performance, as of a sermon. 

SKeP'TIC, n. One who doubts the truth and 
reality of any principle, or system of principles, 
or doctrines; an infidel, which see. 

SKeP'TI€-AL, a. Doubting , hesitating to admit 
the certainty of doctrines and principles. 

SKeP'TI€-AL-LY, ad. "VVith doubt ; in a doubt- 
ful manner. 

SKeP'TI-CISM, n. The doctrines of skeptical 
philosophers ; universal doubt ; in theology, a 
doubting of the truth of revelation. 

SKETCH, n. A general representation of a thing; 
an incomplete draft. — Syn. Outline; delineation. 
— Outline explains itself; a sketch fills up the out- 
line in part, giving broad touches by which an 
imperfect idea may be conveyed ; a delineation 
goes farther, carrying out the more striking feat- 
ures of the picture, and going so much into de- 
tail as to furnish a clear conception of the whole. 

SKETCH, v. t. To draw the outline ; to plan. 

SKeTCH'Y, a. Containing only an outline. 

SKEW'ER (2S), n. A pin to fasten meat for roast- 
ing. 

SKEW'ER (skii'er), v. t. To fasten with skewers. 

SKID, n. A piece of timber used for a support or 
to defend a ship's side ; a slider. 

SKIFF, n. A small, light boat ; a yawl. 

SKILL, n. Familiar knowledge united to readi- 
ness of performance. — Syn. Dexterity. — Skill is 
more intelligent ; dexterity is more mechanical. 
Skill involves superior capacity and cultivation 
of the intellect ; dexterity implies a greater tal- 
ent for imitation, and a sleight of hand obtained 
by practice. 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bcll; vfcious. — e as k ; o as j; s as z; ch as eu ; this. * Not English. 



SKI 



424 



SLA 



SKILL, v. i. To know or be knowing. 
SKILLED (skild), a. Having familiar knowledge, 

with readiness and dexterity. 
SKIL'LET, n. A small kitchen vessel with long 

handle. 
SKiLL'FUL, or. Knowing; experienced; well 

versed in any art or practice. 
SKILL'FUL-LY, ad. With knowledge and dex- 
terity. 
SKiLL'FFL-NESS, n. The quality of possessing 

skill; dexterity; ability. 
SKIM, v. t. To take off the scum ; to take off by 

skimmin g, as to skim cream ; to pass near or 

brush the surface slightly. 
SKIM, v. i. To pass lightly; to glide along near 

the surface; to hasten over superficially. 
SKIMMER, n. A utensil to take off scum. 
SKIM'-MILK, n. Milk freed from its cream. 
SKiM'MINGS, n. pi. Matter skimmed off. 
SKIN, n. The natural covering of the flesh; a 

hide ; the exterior coat of fruits and plants. 
SKIN, v. t. or v. i. To flay; to take the skin off; 

to form a skin over. 
SKIN '-DEEP, a. Superficial; slight. 
SKIN'FLTNT, n. A very niggardly person. 
SKIN'LESS, a. Having no skin, or a thin one. 
SKIN'NER, n. One that skins ; one that deals in 

skins. 
SKIN'NY, a. Consisting of 6kin only ; wanting 

flesh. 
SKIP, n. A nimble leap; abound. 
SKIP, v. t. To pass over; to omit; to miss ; V. i. 

to leap lightly ; to bound ; to spring. 
SKIP'JACK, n. An upstart ; a fish. 
SKIP'PER, n. The master of a small vessel ; the 

cheese maggot. 
SKiR'MISH (IT), n. A slight battle or combat. 
SKiR'MISH, v. i. To fight in small parties or 

slightly. 
SKiR'MISH-ER, n. One that skirmishes. 
SKIR'RET, n. A valuable culinary vegetable, re- 
sembling in flavor the parsnep. 
SKiRT (17), n. The lower or loose part of a coat 

or other garment below the waist; border. 
SKiRT, v. t. or v. i. To border; to run along the 

edge : to be on the border. 
SKIT'TISH, a. Shy; shunning familiarity ; easi- 
ly frightened. 
SKiT'TISH-LY, ad. Shyly; timidlv. 
SKIT'TISH-NESS, n. Shyness ; timidity ; fear of 

approach ; aptness to fear approach ; fickleness. 
RKIT'TL#$ (skit'tlz), n. Nine pins. 
SKi'VER, n. A split sheep-skin used in binding 

books. 
SKuLK, v. i. To lurk ; to hide ; to withdraw into 

a close place. 
SKfiLK, n. A person who skulks; one who avoids 

d uty. 
SKuLL, n. The bone that incloses the brain. 
SKf;LL'-€AP, n. A head-piece ; a plant. 
SKfrNK, 1%. A fetid animal of the weasel kind. 
SKT, n. ; pi. Skies (skTze). The aerial region over 

our heads. 
SKy'-€GL-OR.ED (-kul-lurd), a. Azure ; of a 

light blue. 
SKy'EY (ski'y), a. Like the sky. 
SKy'-HIGH (-hi), ad. High as the sky ; very 

high. 
SKy'-LaRK, n. A lark that mounts and sings as 

it flies. 
SKy'-LIGHT (ski'-lite), n. A window in the roof 

or deck. 
SKy'-ROCK-ET, n. A species of fire-works which 

ascends high, and burns as it flies. 
SKy'-SaIL "(-sale), n. A small sail sometimes set 

above the royal. 
SLAB, n. A thin piece of stone with plane sur- 
faces; the plank sawed from the outside of tim- 
ber. 
SLABBER, v. i. or v. t. To slaver: to drivel ; to 



smear or wet with liquids let fall carelessly from 
the mouth. 

SLAB'BY, a. Thick; viscous; wet. 

SLACK, a. Lax ; relaxed ; loose ; remiss ; back- 
ward ; slow; ad. partially; insufficiently. 

SLACK, n. The part of a line that hangs loose; 
small coal ; coal broken in pieces. 

SLACK, v. t. To loosen or relax; v. i. to become 
less tense; to decrease in tension; to become 
more slow. 

SLACKEN (slak'kn), v. t. or v. i. To relax; to be- 
come less rigid ; to lessen rapidly ; to repress. 

SLACKENED (slak'knd), a. Loosened ; re- 
laxed. 

SLACK'LY, ad. Loosely; negligently; remissly. 

SLACK'NESS, n. A relaxed state ; remissness ; 
slowness. 

SLACK'-WA-TER, n. The interval between the 
ebb and the flow of the tide. 

SLAG, n. The dross or recrement of metal; the 
scoria of a volcano. 

SLaKE, v. t. To quench ; to extinguish, as thirst ; 
to mix with water and reduce to a paste, as lime. 

SLAM, v. t. To drive or shut with force and noise, 
as to slam a door ; to beat ; to win all the tricks. 

SLAM, n. A violent striking or shutting; a win- 
ning of all the tricks; refuse of alum-works. 

SLAN'DER (6), v. t. To injure by false reports.— 
Syn. To defame ; vilify. 

SLAN'DER. n. False report, maliciously uttered, 
tending to injure the reputation of another; dis- 
grace ; reproach.— Syn. Defamation ; calumny ; 
libel. 

SLAN'DER-ER, n. One who defames or injures 
another by malicious reports. 

SLAN'DER-OUS, a. Defamatory; injurious to 
reputation: calumnious; scandalous. 

SLAN'DER-OUS-LY, a. With slander; calumui- 
ously. 

SLANG, n. Low, unmeaning language ; the cant 
of the vulgar. 

SLANT, n. An oblique reflection or gibe ; a sar- 
castic remark. [In vulgar use.] 

SLANT, v. t. To slope or turn from a direct line ; 
to form obliquely. 

SLANT, ) a. Sloping ; inclined from a direct 

SLANT'ING,/ line; oblique. 

SLANT'LY, \ ad. Slopingly ; with an oblique 

SLANT'WISE.f hint or remark. 

SLAP, v. t. To strike with the open hand or with 
something flat. 

SLAP, n. A blow with something flat, as with the 
open hand. 

SLAP, ad. With a sudden and violent blow. 

SLAP'DASH, ad. All at once. [Low.] 

SLAP'JACK, n. A sort of pancake; a flap-jack. 

SLASH, v. t. or v. i. To cut in long cuts ; to cut 
violently or at random; to lash. 

SLASH, ii. A long cut or striking at random ; a 
large slit in the thighs and arms of the old cos- 
tumes, made to show a brilliant color through 
the openings. 

SLAT, ii. A narrow piece of board or timber. 

SLaTE, n. An argillaceous stone readily split 
into thin plates, which are used to cover build- 
ings and to write on. 

SLaTE, v. t. To cover with slate, as to slate a 
roof. 

SLaT'ER, n. One who slates buildings. 

SLaT'ING, n. The act of covering with slates or 
stone plates ; the cover thus put on. 

SLAT 'TERN, n. A woman negligent of dress and 
neatness. 

SLAT'TERN-LI-NESS, n. State of being slat- 
ternly. 

SLAT'TERN-LY, a. Negligent of dress and neat- 
ness: ad. awkwardly; negligently. 

SLaT'Y, a. Consisting of or like slate. 

SLAUGH'TER (slaw'ter), n. A killing ; great de- 
struction of life by violence ; butchery. 



I, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; tu£ke, term; marine, ijird : 



SLA 



425 



SLI 



SLAUGH'TER, v. t. To make great destruction of 

life; to butcher.— Syn. To kill; slay. 
SLAUGH'TER-HOUSE (slnw'ter-), n. A house 

for butchering animals for market. 
SLAUGH TER-MAN ( 'aw'-),n. One employed in 

killing and butchering. 
SLaVE, n. A person held in bondage or subject to 

the will of another ; a drudge ; a mean person. 

See Serf. 
BLaVE, v. i. To labor as a slave ; to drudge. 
SLaVE'-HoLD-ER, n. One who holds slaves. 
SLaV'ER, n. A slave ship. 
SLAVER, n. Spittle driveling from the mouth. 
SLAVER, v. t. or v. i. To drivel ; to besmear or 

to be besmeared with saliva. 
SLAV'ER-ER, n. A driveler; an idiot. 
SLaV'ER-Y, n. Bondage; the state of a person 

wholly subject to the will of another. 
SLaVE'-TRaDE, n. The business of buying and 

selling men and women for slaves. 
SLaV'ISH, a. Pertaining to or such as becomes a 

slave ; servile ; mean ; base ; dependent. 
SLaV'ISH-LY, ad. In the manner of a slave or 

drudge; servilely; meanly; baselv. 
SLaV'ISH-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing slavish; servility; meanness; drudgery. 
SLA-V6N'I€, a. Pertaining to the Slavons, or an- 
cient inhabitants of Russia. 
SLAW, n. Cole-slaw is sliced cabbage. 
SLaY (shi), v. t. Ipret. Slew; pp. Slain.] To put 

to death by weapon or violence; to destroy. — 

Syn. To kill; slaughter; butcher. 
SLaY'ER (sla'er), n. One who slays ; a murderer ; 

an assassin ; a destroyer of life. 
SLEAVE, n. Silk or thread untwisted. 
S LEAVE, v. t. To separate threads. See Sley. 
SLEA'ZY (slee'zv), a. Thin ; flimsy ; wanting 

firmness. 
SLED, n. A low frame or carriage on runners, 

used for conveying heavy weights in the winter. 
SLED, v. t. To convey on a sled, as to sled wood. 
SLEDgE, n. A large hammer; a sled, [EV1/7.], a 

vehicle moved on runners or on low wheels. 
SLEEK, ad. With ease and dexterity. 
SLEEK, a. Smooth ; having an even surface ; 

whence, glossy. 
SLEEK, v. t. To make smooth and glossy, as to 

SLEEK'LY. ad. Smoothly; softly; easily. 

SLEEK'NESS, n. Quality of being sleek or 
smooth. 

SLEEP, n. A natural and periodical suspension 
of the exercise of the bodily and mental powers 
for the purpose of rest — Syn. Repose ; slumber ; 
rest. 

SLEEP, v. i. ipret. andpp- Slept.] To rest with 
the voluntary exercise of the powers of the mind 
and body suspended; to be unemployed; to live 
thoughtlessly; to be dead; to rest in" the grave. 

SLEEP'ER, n. One who sleeps; a floor timber; a 
beam which supports the rails of a railway ; an 
animal that lies dormant in winter, as the bear. 

SLEEP'I-LY. ad. Drowsily; heavily. 

SLEEP'I-NESS, n. Inclination to sleep ; drowsi- 
ness. 

SLEEP'ING, n. The state of resting in sleep; a. 
occupied with sleep. Sleeping partner, see Dor- 
mant. 

SLEEP'LESS, a. Having or giving no sleep ; hav- 
ing no rest ; perpetually agitated. 

SLEEP'LESS-NESS, n. Want of sleep. 

SLEEP'Y, a. Disposed to sleep; drowsy; tending 
to induce sleep ; somniferous ; lazy. 

SLEET, n. A fall of hail or snow mingled with 
rain. [rain. 

SLEET, v. i. To snow or hail with a mixture of 

SLEET'Y, a. Bringing sleet; consisting of sleet. 

SLEEVE, n. The part of a garment that is fitted 
to cover the arm, as the sleeve of a coat. To 
laugh in the sleeve, to laugh privately. 



SLEEVE, v. t. To furnish with sleeves. 

SLEEVE'LESS, a. Wanting sleeves. 

SLEID (slade), v. t To sley or prepare for use in 
the weaver's sley. 

SLEIGH (slii), n. A vehicle on runners to convey 
persons or goods on snow. 

SLEIGH'ING (sla'ing), n. The state of the snow 
which admits of running 6leighs ; the act of rid- 
ing in a sleigh. 

SLEIGHT (slite), n. An artful trick ; dextrous 
practice. 

SLEN'DER, a. Thin and long; Blight; weak. 

SLEN'DER-LY, ad. With little liulk ; slightly; 
insufficiently. 

SLEN'DER-NESS, n. Smallness of diameter in 
proportion to the length ; slightness; want of bulk 
or strength ; weakness ; spareness. 

SLEY (*la), v. t. To part threads and arrange 
them in a reed. 

SLEY (slii), n. A weaver's reed. 

SLICE, n. A broad, thin piece cut off; a peel or 
fire-shovel ; a spatula. 

SLICE, v. t. To cut off a thin piece. 

SLIDE, v. i. or v. t. S_pret. Slid ; pp. Slid, Slid- 
den.] To move along a surface by slipping ; to 
pass silently and gradually from one state to an- 
other; to practice sliding or moving on the ice; 
to slip ; to thrust by slipping. 

SLIDE, n. A smooth, easy passage on something; 
the descent of a mass of earth or rock down a de- 
clivity; a place of descent for timber; a slider. 

SLID'ER, n. One who slides; that which slides. 

SLlD'ING-RCLE, n. A mathematical instrument 
to determine measure or quantity without com- 
passes, by sliding the parts one by another. 

SLiD'ING-S€aLE, n. In the English corn-laws, 
a scale for raising or lowering the duties in pro- 
portion to the fall or rise of prices. 

SLIGHT (slite), a. Thin ; weak ; trifling ; super- 
ficial. 

SLIGHT (slite), n. Literally, light estimation of; 
disresard connected with contempt. 

SLIGHT (slite), v. t. To make light of; to treat 
with disregard. — Syn. To neglect. — To slight is 
stronger than to neglect. We may neglect a duty 
or person from inconsideration or from being 
over-occupied in other concerns. To slight is al- 
ways a positive and intentional act, resulting 
from feelings of dislike or contempt. We ought 
to put a kind construction on what appears neg- 
lect on the part of a friend, but when he slights 
us it is obvious that he is our friend no longer. 

SLlGHT'LY (slite'-), ad. Superficially; in a small 
degree; negligently. 

SLlGHT'NESS, n. Weakness; negligence. 

SLIGHT'Y (sli'ty), a. Superficial ; slight ; trifling. 

SLi'LY, ad. With artful or dextrous secrecy. 

SLIM, a. Slender and long ; weak ; unsubstantial. 

SLiME, n. A glutinous substance ; soft mud ; 
moist earth. 

SLiM'I-NESS, n. Viscousness; glutinousness. 

SLIM'NESS, n. State of being slim. 

SLiM'Y. a. Consisting of or abounding with slime ; 
viscous; glutinous; clammy. 

SLl'NESS, n. Dextrous artifice to conceal any 
thing; artful secrecy. 

SLING, n. Rum and water sweetened ; a weapon 
for sending stones ; a sort of band passing around 
the neck and sustaining a wounded limb. 

SLING, v. t. Iprct. and pp. Slung.] To hurl with 
a sling ; to hurl ; to hang so as to swing. 

SLiXG'ER, n. One who uses a sling. 

SLINK, v. t. or v. i. \_pret. and pp. Slunk.] To 
sneak away meanly ; to miscarry or cast prema- 
turely, as a beast. 

SLIP, v. i. To slide involuntarily or suddenly; 
to err; to steal away; to escape insensibly; to 
creep by oversight. 

SLIP, n. The act of slipping; an unintentional 
slide; a mistake; a twig; a narrow piece, as of 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; yi"ciocs.— € as k; g as j; s as z ; cu as sh; this. + Vo£ English. 



SLI 



426 



SMA 



paper; an opening between wharves; a long seat 
in churches. 

SLiP, v. t. To convey secretly; to omit ; to escape 
from ; to let loose. 

SLiP'-KNoT (-not), n. A knot that slips or which 
is easily untied. 

SLIP'PER, n. A light shoe easily slipped on ; a 
kind of apron for children. 

SLIP'PER-I-LY, ad. In a slippery manner. 

SLIP'PER-I-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing slippery ; smoothness ; glibness. 

SL!P'PER-Y, a. Smooth ; glib ; apt to slip ; mu- 
table ; uncertain. 

SLlP'SHOD, a. Wearing shoes like slippers with- 
out pulling up the quarters. 

SLiT, n. A long cut or narrow opening ; rent. 

SLIT, v. t. [pret. Slit ; pp. Slit, Slitted.j To 
divide lengthwise or into long pieces; to cut or 
make a long fissure, as to slit the ear or tongue. 

SLiT'TING-MILL, n. A mill where iron bars are 
slit into nail-rods, &c. 

SLIVER, v. t. To split or divide into long, thin 
pieces. 

SLi V'ER, n. A long piece split or rent lengthwise, 
as of wood rent off. 

SLoB'BER, v. i. To slaver; to wet with spittle 
[the same as slabber]. 

SLoE (slo), n. The fruit of the black thorn. 

SLOOP, n. A vessel having one mast only, and 
the mainsail extended by a boom. Sloop-of-war, 
a vessel of war rigged either as a ship, brig, or 
schooner, and mounting from 18 to 82 guns. 

SLoP, v. t. To make a puddle ; to wet. 

SL5P, n. Wetness by negligence ; mean liquor or 
liquid food. 

SLoPE, a. Inclining; slanting; declivous. 

SLOPE, n. Any thing inclining downward ; de- 
clivity; any oblique direction. 

SLoPE, v. t. or v. i. To fall off gently ; to decline ; 
to form into slopes. It is hardly necessary to 
say that the use of slope for slip off or decamp is 
a gross vulgarism. 

SLoPE'WISE, ad. Obliquely. 

SLoP'ING, a. Oblique; declivous; inclined. 

SLoP'PY, n. Wet and dirty ; plashy. 

SLoPS, n. pi. Trowsers ; a loose lower garment ; 
drawers ; ready-made clothes ; liquid food. 

SLoP'-SHoP, n. A shop where ready-made 
clothes are sold. 

SL6T, n. An oblong opening ; a slit ; the track 
of a deer. 

SLoTH or SLoTH, n. Slowness; sluggishness; 
a slow-moving animal in South America. 

SLoTH'FUL or SLoTH'FUL, a. Idle; lazy; 
sluggish." 

SLoTH'FUL-LY or SLoTH'FUL-LY, ad. In an 
idle, sluggish mannei*. 

SLoTH'FUL-NESS or SLoTH'FUL-NESS, n. 
Laziness'; sluggishness; the habit of idleness. 

SLOUCH, n. A hanging down ; a clumsy fellow. 

SLOUCH, v. t. To cause to hang down, as the rim 
of a hat ; v. i. to hang down ; to have a downcast, 
clownish look or manner. 

SLOUGH (like plough), n. A deep, miry place. 

SLOUGH (sluff), n. The cast sk,in of a serpent, 
&c. ; v. i. to separate and come off. 

SLOUGH'Y (slou'y), a. Full of slough ; miry. 

SLOV'i? N (53) (sluv'vn), n. A man careless of dress 
and cleanliness. 

SLOV.EN-LI-NESS, n. Habitual neglect of dress 
and cleanliness ; neglect of order and neatness. 

SLoV'ii'N-LY, a. Negligent of dress and order; 
loose ; not neat ; ad. in a careless, inelegant man- 
ner ; in a negligent manner. 

SLoW (slo), a. Not fast or quick ; not prompt ; 
dull. — Syn. Tardy; dilatory. — Slow is the wider 
term, denoting either a want of rapid motion or 
inertness of intellect. Dilatory (from defero) sig- 
nifies a proneness to defer, a habit of delaying 
the performance of what we know must be done. 



Tardy (connected with tarry) denotes the habit of 
being behindhand, as tardy in making up one's 
accounts. 

SLoW'LY (slo'ly), ad. Not quick; tardily; not 
rashly ; not promptly ; with slow progress. 

SLoW'NESS, n. Moderate motion ; want of speed ; 
deliberation ; coolness ; caution in deciding. 

SLoW'SIGHT-ED (slf/.-i-ted), a. Slow to discern. 

SLOB'BER, v. i. To do lazily or coarsely. 

SLuDgE, n. Slush; soft mud, &c. ; fine floating 
ice. [turn. 

SLuE (28) (slii), v. t. To turn about its axis; to 

SLOG, n. A drone; a kind of snail; a piece of 
metal used for the charge of a gun. 

SLOG'GARD; n. A person habitually lazy. 

SLuG'GISH, a. Very heavy and slow ; lazy; hav- 
ing little motion; inactive; having no power to 
move of itself. See Inert. 

SLCG'GISH-LY, ad. Lazily ; slothfully ; heavily. 

SLOG'GISH-NESS, n. Laziness; inertness; slow- 
ness. 

SLuICE (sluce), n. A channel and gate for regu- 
lating a flow of water ; the stream of Avater issu- 
ing through a flood-gate ; a source of supply. 

SLuI'CY (28) (slu'cy), a. Falling, as from a sluice. 

SLOM'BER, v. i. To sleep slightly; to doze; to 
be in a state of negligence, sloth, or inactivity. 

SLuM'BER, n. A light or unsound sleep ; repose. 

SL0M'BER-OUS,t a. Causing sleep ; inviting 

SLuM'BER- Y, j sleep; sleepy; not waking. 

SLuMP, v. i. To sink suddenly, as through ice or 
snow into mud. Lin common use in New En- 
gland.] 

SLuNG'-SHoT, n. A ball of lead, iron, &c, about 
an inch in diameter, with a string attached, used 
for striking. 

SLuR, v. t. To soil ; to sully ; to pass lightly ; in 
music, to perform in a smooth, gliding style. 

SLuR, n. Slight reproach or disgrace; a mark 
connecting notes that are to be sung to the same 
syllable, or made in one continued breath. 

SLuSH, n. Soft mud; snow and water; a mixture 
of grease, &c. , for lubrication ; v. t. to cover with 
slush. 

SLOT, n. A woman who neglects dress and neat- 
ness; a slattern; a bitch. 

SLuT'TER-Y, n. Neglect of dress ; dirtiness. 

SLuT'TISH, a. Negligent of dress and neatness; 
disorderly. 

SLuT'TISH-LY, ad. In a sluttish manner. 

SLuT'TISH-NESS, n. Neglect of dress; dirtiness. 

SLy, a. Artful ; crafty ; dextrous ; marked with 
artful secrecy ; secret; concealed. See Cunning. 

SLy'-BOOTS, n. A sly, cunning, or waggish per- 
son. 

SLy'LY, ad. With secret dexterity. See Slily. 

SLy'NESS, n. Craft; cunning. S'ee Sliness. 

SMACK, v. i. and v. t. To kiss with a loud sound ; 
to make a noise by the separation of the lips; to 
crack, as a whip ; to have a particular taste. 

SMACK, n. A loud kiss; a crack ; a noise as of 
the lips in tasting ; hence, taste ; a small coast- 
ing or fishing vessel. 

SMALL (smawl), a. Little; slender; weak; tri- 
fling; of little genius or ability; containing lit- 
tle of the principal quality, as small beer. 

SMALL, n. The narrow or slender part of a thing. 

SMALL'-aRMS (-armz), n. pi. Muskets, rifles, 
pistols, &c. 

SMALL'-CRAFT, n. Small vessels. 

SMALL'ISH, a. Somewhat small. 

SMALL'NESS, n. The quality of being small or 
little; littleness; insignificance. 

SMALL-P6X', n. An eruptive contagious disease. 

SMALT, n. Blue glass of cobalt; flint and potash. 

SMART, a. Literally, pungent; causing a keen 
local pain, as a smart stroke ; brisk or lively, as 
a smart skirmish ; acute, pertinent, or witty, as 
a smart retort; dressed in z. showy manner. — 
Syn. Clever. — Smart has been much used in New 



a, e, &c, long. — a, 2, &c, slwrt. — caee, far, last, fall, what; there, term; mab'ine, eied; move, 



SMA 



427 



SNA 



England to de-cribe a person who is intelligent, 
vigorous, and active, as a smart young fellow, a 
smart workman, &c, coinciding very nearly with 
the English sense of clever. The nearest ap- 
proach to this in England is in such expressions 
as "He was smart (i. e., witty or pungent) in his 
reply; 1 ' but smart and smartness, when applied 
to persons, are more commonly used in reference 
to dress, as a smart appearance, &c. 

SMART, v. i. To have a keen pain ; to feel a pun- 
gent pain of mind ; to bear penalties or the evil 
consequences of any thing. 

SMART, n. Quick, pungent, lively pain ; pungent 
grief. 

SMART'LY, a. Briskly; wittily; sharply; show- 
ily. 

SMART'-M6N-EY (-mfin'ny), n. Money paid by 
a person to buy himself off from some painful 
situation. 

SMART'NESS, n. The quality of being smart or 
pungent; briskness; vigor; wittiness. 

SMASH, v. t. To dash to pieces ; to crush. 

SMAT'TER, n. Slight, superficial knowledge. 

SMAT'TER, v. i. To talk superficially ; to have a 
slight taste or a superficial knowledge. 

SMAT'TER-ER, n. A person of superficial knowl- 
edge. 

SMaT'TER-ING, n. A very slight knowledge. 

SMeAR (smeer), v. t. To overspread with any 
thing unctuous or adhesive; to daub; to soil; to 
contaminate. 

SMEG-MAT'I€, a. Soapy; partaking of soap. 

SMELL, v. t. or v. i. [_pret. and pp. Shelled or 
Smelt.] To perceive by the nose ; to affect the 
olfactory nerves ; to have a particular tincture or 
smack of any quality; to exercise sagacity. 

SMeLL, n. Sense of perceiving certain qualities 
of bodies by the nose ; the quality of bodies which 
affects the olfactory organs. — Syn. Scent; odor. 

SMeLT, v. t. To melt, as ore, for the purpose of 
separating the metal from extraneous substances. 

SMfiLT'ER, n. One that smelts. 

SMeLT'ER-Y, n. A place for smelting ores. 

SMeRK (13), v. i. To smile affectedly or wanton- 
ly ; to look affectedly soft or kind. 

SMeRK, n. An affected smile. 

SMeRK, a. Nice; smart. 

SMICK'ER, v. i. To smerk ; to look amorously or 
wantonly. 

SMILE, v. i. To express in the features of the 
face pleasure or kindness, or slight contempt by 
a smile implying sarcasm or pity. 

SMILE, n. A look of pleasure ; a peculiar contrac- 
tion of the features, so as to express pleasure, ap- 
probation, or kindness; gay or joyous appear- 
ance ; favor ; propitiousness. 

SMIL'ING-LY, ad. With a look of pleasure. 

SMiRCH (17), v. t. To dusk; to soil; to daub. 

SMiRK. See Smehk. 

SMITE, v. t. [pret. Smote ; pp. Smit, Smitten.] To 
strike with violence; to kill, as by a blow or 
weapon ; to blast. 

SMIT'ER, n. One who smites or strikes. 

SMITH, n. Literally, a striker or smiter ; hence, 
one who works in iron or other metals; he that 
makes or effects any thing ; hence, probably, the 
commonness of the name. 

SMITH'ER-Y, n. The work or shop of a smith. 

SMITH-So'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Smithson, an 
Englishman, from whom a large legacy was re- 
ceived by the United States for the support of an 
institution of learning. 

SMITH'Y, n. The shop of a smith. 

SMoCK, n. A chemise ; a woman's under gar- 
ment. 

SMoKE, n. Visible exhalation from burning 
bodies. 

SMoKE, v. t. or v. i. To hang in smoke ; to emit 
smoke ; to use a pipe and tobacco, or cigar. 

SMoKE'-JACK, n. An engine to turn a spit. 



SMoL'DER-ING, ) a. 

SMoUL'DER-ING,/ 



SMuK'ER, n. One who smokes tobacco by burn- 
ing it in a pipe or in the form of a cigar. 

SMoK'I-LY, ad. So as to be full of smoke. 

SMoK'I-NESS, n. The state of being smoky. 

SMoK'Y, a. Emitting smoke ; apt to smoke ; fill- 
ed with smoke or with vapor resembling it; tar- 
nished with smoke; thick. 

Burning and smoking 
without vent. 

SMOOTH, a. Even on the surface; soft; not 
rough ; characterized by blandness. 

SMOOTH, v. t. To make smooth ; to make even 
or easy; to calm ; to allay; to ease ; to flatter or 
soften with blandishments. 

SMOOTH'LY, ad. Evenly; calmly; gently; 
blandly. 

SMOOTH'NESS, n. Evenness of surface; mild- 
ness; gentleness of speech ; blandness of address. 

SMOTH'ER (smuth'er), v. t. To suffocate, or de- 
stroy life by exclusion of air, or by smoke or oth- 
er irrespirable substance ; to stifle ; to suppre s. 

SMoTH'ER (smuth'er), v. i. To be suffocated ; to 
be suppressed or concealed; to smoke without 
vent. 

SMoTH'ER, n. A smoke ; thick dust. 

SMoUL'DRY, a. Burning and smoking without 
vent. 

SMuG'GLE (smug'gl), v. t. To import or export 
clandestinely, or without paying duties; to con- 
vey privately. 

SMuG'GLER, n. One who brings in goods pri- 
vately and contrary to law, either contraband 
goods or dutiable goods, without paying customs. 

SMuT, n. Soot; a dirty spot; a fungus on corn; 
obscene language. [tract smut. 

SMuT, v. t. or v. i. To mark with smut ; to con- 

SMCTCH, v. t. To black; to daub; to smut. 

SMuT'TI-LY, ad. Dirtily; filthily. 

SMuT'TI-NESS, n. Soil from smoke; foul Ian- 
guage. 

SMCT'TY, a. Soiled with soot; dirty; foul. 

SNACK, «. A share ; a part; a slight repast. 

SNAF'FLE (snaf'n), n. A bridle with a bit-mouth 
without branches. 

SNAF'FLE, v. t. To bridle ; to hold or manage 
with the bridle. 

SNAG, n. A short or rough branch ; a protuber- 
ance; a knot; a jag; a tooth standing out; in 
the Western rivers, the trunk of a tree with its 
root on the bottom and its top near the surface, 
so as to endanger navigation. 

SNAG, v. t. To run against the branches of a 
sunken tree, as in American rivers. 

SNAG'GED,! a. Full of knots or sharp points, as 

SNAG'GY, j a tree or branch. 

SNa.IL, n. A slimy, slow-creeping animal. 

SNaKE, n. A serpent; a creeping animal. 

SNaKE, v. t. In seamen's language, to wind a 
small rope round a large one spirally. 

SNaK'Y, a. Resembling a snake; sly; cunning. 

SNAP, v. t. or v. i. To break short ; to bite at ; to 
catch ; to crack ; to utter angry words. 

SNAP, n. The act of breaking suddenly ; a bite. 

SNAP'PISH, a. Apt to snap; sharp in reply; 
peevish. 

SNAP'PISH-LY, ad. Tartly; peevishly. 

SNAP'PISH-NESS, n. Quality of being snappish. 

SNARE (4), n. A slip-knot; an instrument for 
catching birds ; any thing by which one is en- 
tangled. 

SNARE, v. t. To ensnare ; to entangle. 

SNARL, v. t. To entangle; to involve in knots; 
to complicate ; v. i. to growl, as a surly dog ; to 
speak roughly. 

SNARL, n. Entanglement ; a knot or complication 
of hair or thread ; hence, a quarrel. 

SNXRL'ER, «. One who snarls; a surly fellow. 

SNAR'Y (4), a. Entangling; insidious. 

SNATCH, v. t. To seize hastily ; to catch eagerly; 
v. i. to attempt to seize suddenly. 



dove, wolf, book ; ktjle, bull ; vi"ciotjs. — € as k ; g as 3 \ s as z ; ch as su ; this. + Not English. 



SNA 



428 



SOC 



SNATCH, n. A hasty catch ; a short fit or turn. 

SNAT(JH'ER, n. One that seizes eagerly. 

SNATH, n. The handle of a scythe. 

SNeAK (sneek), v. i. To creep .slyly or meanly; 
to behave with meanness; n. a sneaking fellow. 

SNeAK'ER, n. One that sneaks. 

SNEAKING, a. Mean ; servile; crouching; mean- 
ly parsimonious; niggardly. 

SNEAK'ING-LY, ad, Slyly; meanly; servilely. 

SNEAK'ING-NESS, n. Niggardness. 

SNEER, v. i. To express ludicrous scorn, followed 
by at. — Syn. To jeer; scoff. — The word to sneer 
(from the Latin naris, nose) is, literally, to turn 
up the nose at, "naso suspendere adunco," and 
implies to cast contempt indirectly or by cov- 
ert expressions. To jeer is stronger, denoting, 
literally, to cut upon closely (to shear), and sup- 
poses the use of severe sarcastic reflections. To 
scoff (from Gr. skopto) is stronger still, implying 
the use of insolent mockery and derision. 

SNEER, n. An expression of ludicrous scorn by 
words, looks, &c. 

SNEER'ER, n. One who sneers; a scorner. 

SNEER'ING-LY, ad. With a look of contempt. 

SNEEZE, v. i. To emit air forcibly and spasmod- 
ically through the nose with audible sound. 

SNEEZE, n. A spasmodic and audible emission 
of air through the nose. 

SNEEZ'ING, n. The act of ejecting air through 
the nose audibly. 

SNICK'ER, \ v. i. To laugh in a half-suppressed 

SNIG'GER,) manner; to laugh slyly. 

SNiFF, v. t. or v. i. To draw air audibly up the 
nose ; n. perception by the nose. 

SNiP, v. t. To cut off the end or nib ; to clip. 

SNIP, n. A flip; a single cut with scissors. 

SNiP'SNAP,*n. A cant word, signifying a tart di- 
alogue. 

SNIVEL (snlv'vl), n. The running of the nose. 

SNIVEL (sniv'vl), v. i. To run at the nose; to 
cry, as a child, with snuffling or sniveling. 

SNiV'2?L-ER (sniv'vl-er), n. One who cries with 
sniveling; one that weeps for slight causes. 

SN6B, n. A vulgar person, particularly one who 
apes gentility [Eng.~\; a journeyman shoemaker. 

SNoB'BISH, a. Noting a vulgar affectation of 
gentility. 

SNoRE, v. i. To breathe with a rough guttural 
sound in sleep. [sleep. 

SNoRE, n. A breathing with a harsh noise in 

SNoR'ER, n. One that snores. 

SNoRT (-20), v. i. To force air through the nose 
with noise, as a horse. 

SN6T, n. Mucus discharged from the nose. 

SNoT'TY, a. Like snot ; dirty ; foul ; mean. 

SNOUT, n. The long nose of a beast ; the nose of 
a_man [in contempt] ; the end of a hollow pipe. 

SNoW (sno), n. Frozen vapor; particles of water 
congealed in crystals and flakes. 

SNoW (sno), v. i. To fall in snow. 

SNoW'BALL, n. A round mass of snow pressed 
together. 

SNoW'-DRiFT, n. A bank of snow driven to- 
gether by the wind. 

SNoW'-PLOW, ) n. An instrument or ma- 
SNoW'-PLOUGH, j chine driven before a loco- 
motive for throwing snow from a railway and 
clearing the rails. 
SNoW'-SHoE (sno'-shoo), n. A frame or racket 

to enable a person to walk on snow. 
SNoW'-WHITE, a. White as pure snow. 
SNoW'Y, a. Full of snow; white. 
SNOB, v. t. or v. i. To clip or break off the end ; 
hence, to check ; to reprimand ; to rebuke or stop 
with a sudden sarcastic retort. 
SNOB, n._ A check; reprimand; rebuke. 
SN0B'~No$2?D (-nozd), a. Having a short, flat 

nose. 
SNuFF, n. Burning or burnt wick ; pulverized to- 
bacco or other powder for snuffing. 



SNuFF, v. t. To take off the snuff, as of a candle ; 
to draw into the nose; to scent; to perceive by 
the nose ; v. i. to inhale air with violence or with 
noise; to snort; to take offense. 

SNf FF'BOX, n. A box to carry snuff in. 

SNuFF'ER, n. One who snuffs. 

SNuFF'ERS, n. pi. An instrument to snuff can- 
dles. 

SNfF'FLE (snuf'fl), v. t. To speak in the nose; 
to breathe hard through the nose when ob- 
structed. 

SNuF'FLER, n. One that snuffles or speaks 
through the nose. 

SNC'F'FLJ?$ (snuf'flz), n. Obstruction in the nose 
by mucus. ' 

SNuG, a. Lying close ; private ; concealed ; con- 
venient ; being in good order. 

SNOG, v. i. To lie close, as a child snugs to its 
mother or nurse. 

SNuG'GLE, v. i. To move one way and the other 
to get to a close place. 

SNuG'LY, ad. Closely ; safely. 

SNOG'NESS, n. Closeness; neatness and good or- 
der. 

SO, ad. Thus ; in like manner ; therefore ; pro- 
vided that; in consequence of this or that; so-so, 
equivalent to tolerably well. 

SoAK (soke), v. t. or v. i. To steep or be steeped 
in a liquid. 

SoAK'FIR, n. One that soaks in a liquid ; a hard 
drinker. [.Vulgar.] 

SoAL of a shoe. See Sole. 

SoAP (sope), n. A chemical compound of fats or 
oils with potash or soda, for washing, &c. 

SoAP (sope), v. t. To rub or wash over with soap. 

SoAP'-BOIL-ER, n. A maker of soap. 

SoAP'-SToNE, n. Steatite ; a magnesian min- 
eral. 

SoAP'SUDS, n. pi. Water impregnated with soap. 

SoAP'Y (so'py), a. Covered with or like soap ; 
soft and smooth ; smeared with soap. 

SOAR (sore), v. %. To mount on the wing; to fly 
aloft ; to tower in thought or imagination. 

SOAR (sore), n. A towering flight. 

SoAR'ING, n. The act of mounting on the wing, 
or of towering in thought or mind. 

SoB, v. i. To sigh or weep convulsively. 

S6B, n. A convulsive cry with tears. 

So'BER, a. Serious; not intoxicated; temperate 
in the use of spirituous liquors. See Geave. 

So'BER, v. t. To make sober or grave. 

So'BER- LY, ad. Gravely; temperately. 

So'BER-MTND-ED, a. Having a disposition or 
temper habitually sober, calm, and temperate. 

So'BER-NESS, n. Freedom from intoxication or 
from heat and passion; seriousness; coolness. 

SO-BRl'E-TY, n. Habitual temperance ; state of 
being sober; gravity; soberness. 

+SO-BRI-QUET' (so-bre-ka '), n. [Fr.] A nick- 
name. 

So€, n. Jurisdiction of causes; privilege. 

SoC'AgE, n. In English Inv, a tenure of lands 
and tenements by a fixed service. 

SO-CIA-BIL'I-TY, n. Disposition for society ; so- 
_ciableness. 

So'CIA-BLE (so'sha-bl), a. Inclined to company 
or society ; conversable ; familiar. 

So'CIA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being so- 
ciable ; disposition to converse. 

So'CIA-BLY, ad. In a sociable manner; convers- 
_ably; familiarly. 

So'CIAL (so'shal), a. Pertaining to society; dis- 
posed to society ; familiar in conversation. 

So'CIAL-ISM, n. A social state in which there 
is a community of property among all the citi- 
zens. 

So'CIAL-IST (so'shal-ist), n. One who advocates 
socialism. 

SO-CIaL'1-TY, 1 

So'CIAL-NESS,j 



The quality of being social. 



&c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



soc 



429 



SOL 



So'CIAL-iZE (so'shal-ize), v. t. To reduce to a so- 
cial state. 

So'CIAL-LY, ad. In a social manner. 

SO-Ci'E-TY, n. The union of a number of ration- 
al beings; any number of persons associated for 
a particular purpose ; company ; partnership. 

SO-CiN I-AN, n. One who holds the tenets of So- 
cinus, who denied the divine nature and atone- 
ment of Christ. 

SO-CiN'I-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of Socinians. 

SoCK, n. The shoe of the ancient actors of come- 
dy; cover for the foot ; a plow-share. 

SoCK'ET, n. A hollow place for a candle; any 
hollow place which receives and holds something 
else, as the socket of the eye. 

SO-€RaT'I€, a. Pertaining to Socrates; consist- 
ing in interrogatories. 

SO-€RaT'I€-AL-LY, ad. In the Socratic method, 
or by a series of questions leading to the point to 
be proved. 

So€'RA-TI$M, n. Philosophy of Socrates. 

.S6D, n. Earth with the imbedded roots of grass. 
— Syn. Turf; clod; surface; sward. 

S6D, v. t. To cover with turf or sod. 

S6D, a. Made or consisting of sod. 

So'DA, n. The protoxyd of the metal sodium, for- 
merly called mineral alkali ; carbonate of soda. 

SO-DAL'I-TY, n. Society; fellowship. 

So'DA-WA-TER, n. A very weak solution of soda 
in water charged with carbonic acid. 

SoD'DY, a. Turfy; consisting of sod. 

SoD'ER, v. t. To unite metals by means of anoth- 
er metal or alloy in a state of fusion. 

SoD'ER, n. A metal or alloy for uniting other 
Jess fusible metals by fusion. 

So'DI-UM, n. The metallic base of soda. 

SoD' OM-ITE, n. One guilty of sodomy ; an in- 
habitant of Sodom. 

SoD'OM-Y, n. A crime against nature. 

So'FA, n. A long seat stutfed or cushioned. 

So'FETT, n. A small sofa. 

SoF'FIT, n. A timber ceiling of cross-beams. 

So'FISM, n. The mystical doctrines of the Mo- 
hammedan priests. 

S5FT (20), ad. Softly; gently; quietly. 

S5FT, a. Easily yielding to pressure; gentle; 
easy; effeminate; delicate; impressible; undis- 
turbed ; mild to the eye ; not glaring ; mild ; 
warm. 

SoFT'j^N (53) (sof'fn), v. t. or v. i. To make or 
become soft ; to mitigate. 

SoFT'LY, ad. Without hardness or noise; ten- 
derly; silently; gently; slowly. 

SoFT'NER, n. He or that which softens. 

SoFT'NESS, n. Quality of being soft ; mildness ; 
effeminacy ; pusillanimity ; smoothness to the 
ear; gentleness; simplicity. 

SoG'GY, a. Wet and soft ; full of water. 

SO-Ho', excla. A word used in calling. 

+SOI' DX-SaNT' (soi' de-zan'). IFr.] Self-styled. 

SOIL, v. t. To make dirty; to daub; to stain; to 
sully. 

SOIL, n. Upper stratum of earth ; mold; com- 
post; dirt; stain. 

+SOIR-EE' (swa-ra'), n. [Fr.] An evening party. 

So'JOURN (so'jurn), v. i. To dwell for a time. 

So'JOURN (so'jurn), n. A temporary residence, 
_as that of a traveler in a foreign land. 

So'JOURN-ER, n. A temporary resident, as a 
Jtraveler who dwells in a place for a time. 

So'JOURN-MENT, n. Temporary residence. 

SoL (sole), n. The name of a note in music. 

S5L, n. A copper coin in France, usually sou; the 
sun. 

SoL'ACE, v. t. To give comfort to, as in grief or 
under calamity. — Syn. To comfort; cheer; al- 
lay; assuage. [which see. 

SSL'ACE, n. Alleviation of sorrow; comfort, 

SoL'ACE-MENT, n. Act of comforting or state 
of being comforted. 



So'LAR, a. Pertaining to the sun or measured by 
its progress. 

SoL'DER, n. A metallic cement. See Soder. 

SuL'DIER (sol'jer), n. A man in military serv- 
ice; a brave warrior; a man of military experi- 
_ence and skill. 

SoL'DIER-LY (sol'jer-ly), a. Like a good soldier; 
warlike ; brave. 

SoL'DIER-SHIP, n. The military character. 

SoL'DIER-Y (sol'jer-y), n. A body of soldiers; 
jnilitary men collectively. 

SoLE, 7i. The bottom of the foot or of a shoe ; a 
jnarine flat fish. 

SoLE, v. t. To furnish shoes with soles. 

SoLE, a. Single; alone; not married. 

SoL'E-CISM, n. An expression which violates the 
laws of language, especially of syntax ; an absurd 
expression ; an absurdity. — Syn. Barbarism. — 
These terms have come down from the ancient 
rhetoricians. A barbarism (from barbarus, a 
foreigner) is a word either foreign or uncongen- 
ial to a language, and not yet received into it. 
Solecism is derived from the Soli, a people of 
Attica, who, having colonized in Cilicia, lost the 
purity of their language. Hence the term sole- 
cism was applied to a violation of the laws of syn- 
tax; and at a subsequent period, to any expres- 
sion involving an absurdity or violation of the 
necessary laws of thought. The term has also 
been applied figuratively to absurdity of conduct. 

SoL'E-CIST, n. One who is guilty of impropriety 
of language. 

SOL-E-(JiST'I€, a. Incorrect; incongruous. 

SoL'E-ClZE, v. i. To commit solecism. 

SoLE'LY, ad. Singly; only; separately. 

SoL'EMN (sol'em), a. Religiously grave; mark- 
ed with pomp and sanctity ; serious ; devout ; 
sacred. See Grave. 

SoL'EM-NESS, n. Solemnity; gravity. 

SO-L£M'NI-TY, n. Religious ceremony; gravi- 
ty; steady seriousness; affected gravity. 

SO-LEM-NI-Za'TION, n. Act of solemnizing; 
celebration. 

SoL'EM-NlZE, v. t. To honor with ceremonies; 
to celebrate ; to make serious ; to perform with 
ritual ceremonies and respect, or according to le- 
gal forms. 

S6L'EMN-LY (sol'em-ly), ad. With religious rev- 
_erence. 

SoLE'NESS, n. State of being alone. 

*SoL'Fa, v. i. To pronounce the notes of tha 
gamut, ascending or descending. 

SoL-FA-Ta'RA, n. [It.} A volcanic vent from 
which sulphur and sulphurous and other vapors 
are emitted. 

*SOL-Feg'gI-0, n. [Jf.] In music, the system of 
arranging the scale by the names do, re, mi, fa, 
sol,_la, by which music is taught. 

SO-LiC'IT, v. t. To ask or seek with a degree of 
earnestness; to invite. — Syn. To entreat ; suppli- 
cate ; importune ; implore ; beg ; ask ; request. 

SO-LIC-IT-a'TION, n. The act of soliciting; a 
seeking to obtain something from another with 
some degree of earnestness ; invitation. 

SO-LiC'I-TOR, n. One who solicits ; a lawyer 
or advocate in a court of chancery. 

SO-LiC'IT-OR-GEN'ER-AL, n. In Gh-eat Britain, 
a lawyer who is employed as counsel for tae 
crown. 

SO-LiG'IT-OUS, a. Anxious ; careful ; very de- 
sirous. 

SO-LiCTT-OUS-LY, ad. With care and anxiety. 

SO-LiC'IT-RESS, n. A female who solicits. 

SO-LiC'I-TuDE, n. Anxiety; earnestness; un- 
easiness of mind occasioned by the fear of evil or 
the desire of good; trouble; care. 

SoL'ID, a. Compact in structure; not hollow, as 
a solid, ball ; valid ; sound ; having the geomet- 
rical dimensions. — A solid angle is one formed by 
the meeting of three or more plane angles at one 



dove, wolf, ijook ; bule, bull ; vi"cious. — € as k : g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. + Xot English. 



SOL 



430 



SOO 



point. — Syn. Hard. — These words both relate to 
the internal constitution of bodies, but hard de- 
notes a closer adherence of the component parts 
than solid. Hard is opposed to soft, and solid to 
fluid or liquid. Wood is always solid, but some 
kinds of wood are hard and others are soft. 

Sol/ID, n. A firm, compact body. 

SOL-1-DaR'I-TY, n: [Fr.] Such a union or con- 
solidation of interests as makes persons jointly 
liable in property, character, &c. ; identity of in- 
terests, [id. 

SO-LI D-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of making sol- 

SO-LiD'I-Fv, v. t. To make solid and compact. 

SO-LID'I-TY, n. The quality or property of bod- 
ies by which they resist impression and penetra- 
tion ; firmness; density; moral firmness ; sound- 
ness; validity; in geometry, the solid contents 
of a body. 

SoL'ID-LY, ad. Firmly; compactly. 

SoL'ID-NESS, n. Solidity ^compactness; sound- 
ness. 

SOL-ID-uN G 'GU-LOUS (-ung'gu-lus), a. Having 
hoofs that are whole or not cloven. 

SOL-I-FiD'I-AN, n. One who holds that faith 
without works is necessary to salvation. 

SO-LiL'O-QUIZE, v. t. To utter in soliloquy. 

SO-LiL'O-QUY, n. A talking alone or to one's 
self; a written composition reciting what it is 
supposed a person speaks to himself. 

SoL'I-PED, n. An animal whose foot is not 
cloven. 

SOL-I-TAIRE' (4), n. One who lives in retire- 
ment; a recluse; a hermit; a game for one per- 
son alone. 

S6I/I-TA-RI-LY, ad. In solitude or seclusion. 

SoL'I-TA-RI-NESS, n. Solitude; forbearance of 
company; loneliness. 

SoL'I-TA-RY, a. Lonely ; retired ; n. a hermit ; 
one that lives alone or in solitude ; a recluse. 

SoL'I-TuDE, n. The state of being alone ; a lone- 
ly place; a desert. — Syn. Retirement; seclusion; 
loneliness. — Retirement is a withdrawal from so- 
ciety, implying that a person has been engaged 
in its scenes. Solitude describes the fact that a 
person is alone; seclusion, that he is shut out 
from others, usually by his own choice ; loneli- 
ness, that he feels the pain and oppression of be- 
ing alone. Hence, retirement is opposed to a 
gay or active life ; solitude, to society ; seclusion, 
to freedom of access on the part of others ; and 
loneliness, to the enjoyment of that society which 
the hearty demands. 

SOL-MI-Za'TION, n. A solfaing ; a repetition or 
recital of the notes of the gamut. 

So'LO, n. ; pi. So'los. A tune or air sung or 
played by a single voice or instrument. 

SoL'STiCE (sol'stis), n. The point where the sun 
ceases to recede from the equator. 

SOL-STi"TIAL (-stish'al), a. Of or belonging to 
a solstice. 

SOL-u-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of being solved 
or dissolved. 

SoL'u-BLE (sol'yu-bl), a. Capable of solution or 
being dissolved. 

SoL'u-BLE-NESS, n. Solubility. 

SO-Lu'TION, n. The process of dissolving in a 
fluid ; the mixture resulting from it ; explana- 
tion ; the act of solving, as a problem. 

SoL'u-TiVE, a. Tending to dissolve ; laxative. 

ISLV^SSIM n - Abilitytopayjustdebts. 

SoLV'A-BLE, a. That may be solved or paid. 

S6LVE, v. t. Properly, to loosen or separate the 
parts of any thing ; hence, to explain ; to re- 
solve ; to unfold ; to clear up. 

SoLVEN-CY, n. Ability to pay all debts. 

SOLV-END', n. A substance to be dissolved. 

SOLVENT, a. Able to pay all debts ; dissolving. 

SOLVENT, n. A fluid that dissolves any sub- 
stance, or in which solution is effected. 



SoLVER, n. One that solves or explains. 

SO-MA-ToL'O-GY, n. The doctrine of material 
substances. 

SoM'BER,) „ . , „ , , 

SOM'BREJ °" Dusk y; dul1 ? gloomy; cloudy. 

SoM'BROUS, a. Dark; gloomy; clouded. 

SOME (sum), a. Noting a quantity or number, in- 
definitely, or a person unknown. — Syn. Some- 
what. — The illiterate of our country often use 
some as an adverb instead of somewhat, or an 
equivalent expression, as " I am some tired ; " he 
is some better;" "it rains some," &c. This 
blunder is rarely if ever heard in England, and is 
a decided Americanism. 

SOME'BOD-Y (siim'bod-y),n. A person uncertain 
or unknown; a person of consideration. 

SOME'HOW (sum'-), ad. In one way or the other. 

SoM'ER-SATJLTJ s , jn. A leap bv which 

SoM'ER-SET, f (sum ' ) ' i a person' jumps 
from a height, turns over his head, and lights 
upon his feet. 

SoME'THING (sum'-), n. A thing indetermin- 
ate ; a portion more or less ; a little. 

SoME'TiME (sum'-), n. A time uncertain, past or 
future. 

SoME'TiMES (sum'-), ad. Now and then ; at in- 
tervals. 

SoME'WHAT (-sum'-),n. A quantity more or less; 
ad. in some degree or quantity. 

SoME'WHeRE (sum'hware), ad. In a place un- 
certain. 

SOM-NAM-BU-La'TION, n. A walking in sleep. 

SOM-NXM'BU-LIC, a. Walking in sleep. 

SOM-NaM'BU-LISM, n. A walking in sleep. 

SOM-NAM'BU-LIST, n. One who walks in sleep. 

SOM-NiF'ER-OUS,) a. Causing or tending to 

SOM-NiF'IC, J cause sleep ; soporific. 

SOM-NIL'0-QUIST, n. One who talks in his sleep. 

SOM-NiL'O-QUOUS, a. Apt to talk in sleep. 

SOM-NiL'O-QUY, \ n. A talking or speaking 

SOM-NiL'O-QUISMJ in sleep. 

SOM-NIP'A-THY, n. Sleep from sympathy or 
mesmeric influence. 

SoM'NO-LENCE, ) n. Inclination to sleep; sleep- 

S6M'NO-LEN-CY,j iness; drowsiness. 

SoM'NO-LENT, a. Sleepy; inclined to sleep. 

SON (sun), n. A male child ; a descendant ; a com- 
pellation of an old man to a young one, or of a 
confessor to his penitent ; a term of affection ; a 
native inhabitant of a country. 

SO-Na'TA, n. A tune for an instrument only. 

S6NG-, n. That which is sung ; a little poem to 
be sung; a hymn; a tune; poesy. 

SoNG'STER, n. A singer, as a bird. 

SoNG'STRESS, n. A female singer. 

SO-NiF'ER-OUS, a. Producing sound. 

SoN'NET, n. A short poem of fourteen lines; a 
short poem. 

SON-NET-EER', n. A composer of little poems ; a 
small poet. Usually in contempt. 

SON-0-RiF'I€, a. Producing sound. 

SO-No'ROUS, n. Giving a full sound ; yielding 
sound. 

SO-No'ROUS-LY, ad. With a full or loud sound. 

SO-No'ROUS-NESS, n. The quality of yielding 
sound, or a loud sound. 

SoN'SHIP (sun'ship), n. The state of being a son ; 
filiation ; the character of a son. 

SOON (26) (not soon), ad. In a little time ; a. quick. 

SOOT, n. A black substance formed by combus- 
tion. Soot consists of more than sixteen differ- 
ent substances, of which carbon, creosote, ulmin, 
&c, are the principal. 

SOOT, v. t. To black with soot. 

SOOT'ER-KIN, n. A kind of false birth. 

SOOTH, n. Truth. See Foesooth. 

SOOTH, a. Pleasing; delightful; faithful. 

SOOTHE, v. t. To calm ; to quiet ; to soften ; to 
flatter. 

SOOTH'ER, n. One who soothes or flatters. 



I, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — case, fab, last, fall, what; there, teem; mae'ine, bied; move, 



soo 



431 



SOU 



Adulteration; fallacy. 
One who adulterates or 

Fallacious reasoning. 



SOOTH 'IN G-LY, ad. With flattery or soft words. 

SOOTH'SaY (-sii), v. t. To foretell; to predict. 

SOOTH'SaY-EK, n. A predicter ; a fortune- 
teller. 

SOOTH'SaY-ING, n. Divination; a foretelling 
by magic arts. 

SOOT'I-NESS, n. Quality of being foul with soot. 

SOOT'Y, a. Covered with or like soot; black. 

SoP, n. Something dipped or steeped in liquor; 
any thing given to pacify, so called from the sop 
given to Cerberus in mythology. 

S6P, v. t. To steep or soak in liquor. 

So'PH'i (so'fe), n. A title of the King of Persia. 

SoPH'ISM (sof'izm), n. A fallacious argument. 

SoPH'IST (sof'ist), n. A cunning but fallacious 
reasoner. 

SdPH'IST-ER, n. The title of students who are 
advanced beyond the first year in the University 
of Cambridge, Eng., and in some others; an art- 
ful insidious reasoner. 

SO-PHiST'll-AL } a - Fallacious ? not sound - 
SO-PHiST'I€-AL-LY, ad. With fallacious rea- 
soning. 
SO-PHIST'IC-aTE, v. t To adulterate or cor- 
rupt. 

SO-PhIt'IC-ATE '} a - Adulterated; not pure. 

SO-PHIST-I-Ca'TION, i 

SO-PHIST'IC-a-TOR, n. 
corrupts. 

SOPH'IST-RY (sof-), n, 
See Fallacy. 

SoPH'O-MoRE (sof'o-more), n. A student in the 
United States colleges in the second year. 

SOPH-0-M6R'I€-AL, a. Inflated in style. 

SOP-0-RiF'ER-OUS,\ a. Causing or tending to 

SOP-0-RiF'I€, j induce sleep. 

SOP-O-RiF'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of 
_causing sleep. 

So'POR-OUS, a. Causing sleep; sleepy. 

SO-PRa'NO, n. ; pi. So-pka'nT or So-pra'nos. In 
music, the treble ; the highest female voice. 

SoR'CER-ER, n. A conjuror; an enchanter. 

SoR'CER-ESS (20), n. An enchantress; a female 
magician. 

SoR'CER-OUS, a. Containing enchantment. 

SoR'CER-Y, n. Enchantment ; divination by the 
supposed assistance of evil spirits. 

SoR'DID, a. Niggardly; mean; filthy. 

S6R'DID-LY, ad. With mean covetousness. 

SoR'DID-NESS, n. Niggardliness; meanness. 

SoRE, n. A part of flesh bruised or tender and 
painful ; an ulcer; a wound ; in Scripture, grief; 
affliction. 

SoRE, a. Tender to the touch ; painful ; easily 
pained; severe. 

SoR'P^L, n. A buck of the third year. 

SoRE'LY,? ad. With pain or vehemence; griev- 

SoRE, j ously; violently. 

SoRE'NESS, n. The tenderness or painfulness of 
some injured part of the body, as of a bruise or 
boil, &c. ; figuratively, tenderness of mind. 

SO-Ri'TeSS (so-ri'tcz),n. In logic, an abridged form 
of syllogisms, in which the conclusion of one is 
the premise of the next. 

SORN'ER, n. One who obtrudes himself upon an- 
other for bed and board ; from sorehon or sorn, 
an arbitrary exaction of bed and board from ten- 
ants in Ireland and Scotland. 

SO-lloR'I-CiDE, n. The murder or murderer of a 
sister. 

SoR'REL, n. A plant, so named from its sour 
taste. 

SoR'REL, a. Of a reddish color. 

SoR'RI-LY, ad. Meanly; in a wretched manner. 

SoR'RI-NESS, n. Meanness; paltriness. 

SOR'RoW (sor'ro), n. Pain produced by a sense of 
loss; regret. — SyxN. Grief; sadness. — Sorrow (from 
the root of sore, heavy) denotes suffering of mind, 



either from the loss of some good, real or sup- 
posed, or disappointment in our expectation of 
good ; grief expresses a poignant or uncontrolla- 
ble degree of sorrow, which weighs (connected 
with grave) or presses down the mind under a 
sense of loss ; sadiiess is that depression of 
thought and feeling which is a frequent but not 
invariable result of sorrow. See also Grief. 
SoR'RoW (sor'ro), v. i. To feel mental pain for 
loss of good, actual or expected. — Sy:n. To grieve ; 
mourn ; weep. 
SoR'Ro W-FU L, a. Full of sorrow ; exciting grief ; 

mournful ; "expressing grief. 
SoR'RoW-FUL-LY, ad. In a manner to excite 

grief. 
SoR'RoW-FUL-NESS, n. State of being sorrow- 
ful ; grief; sadness. 

SoR'RoW-ING, n. Expression of sorrow. 

SoR'RY, a. Grieved ; pained at loss ; melancholy ; 
poor; mean. 

SORT (20), n. A kind or order of things ; manner, 
as in some sort; out of sorts, out of order, i. e., 
unwell. — Syn. Kind. — Kind (connected with kin 
and kindred) originally denoted things of the 
same family, or bound together by some natural 
affinity, and hence, a class ; sort (from the Latin 
sort) signifies that which constitutes a particular 
lot or parcel, not implying, necessarily, the idea 
of affinity, but of mere assemblage. The two 
words are now used to a great extent interchange- 
ably, though sort (perhaps from its origin, lot) 
sometimes carries with it a slight tone of dispar- 
agement or contempt, as when we say, " that sort 
of people," "that sort of language," &c. 

SORT, v. t. To dispose in species or classes ; to 
adjust; to suit; v. i. to be joined with others of 
the same species ; to associate ; to suit. 

SoRT'A-BLE, a. That may be sorted ; suitable. 

SoR'TIE (sor'ty), n. A sally ; the issue of a body 
of troops from a besieged place to attack the be- 
siegers. 

SoRT'1-LEgE, n. Act of drawing lots. 

SOR-Ti"TION (-tish'un), n. Appointment by lot. 

SoRT'MENT, n. The act of sorting. 

+SOS-TE-Nu'TO. Ut-I In music, sustaining the 
sounds to the utmost value of the time. 

SoT, n. An habitual drunkard ; a stupid fellow. 

SoT. v. t. To stupefy; to infatuate; to besot. 

SoTH'IC-YEAR, n. The Egyptian year of S65 
days, 6 hours, so called from Sothis, dog-star. 

SoT'TISH, a. Given to liquor; dull; stupid. 

S6T'TISH-LY, ad. Stupidly; foolishly. 

SoT'TISH-NESS, n. Dullness; stupidity. 

+S6T'TO Vo'CE (sot'to vo'cha). {It.'] In music, 
with a restrained voice or in a moderate tone. 

SoU (soo), n. ; pi. Sous (soo). A French money of 
account and coin, the twentieth part of a franc. 

SoU-cHoNG' (soo-shong'), n. A kind of black tea. 

SOUGH (siif), n. A small drain ; a hollow mur- 
_mur ; a report. 

SoUL (sole), n. The spiritual, rational, and im- 
mortal part of man; life; vital principle; a hu- 
man being; spirit; grandeur of mind; generos- 
ity; an intelligent being. 

SoUL'LESS, a. Without soul or nobleness of 
mind ; spiritless ; mean. | 

SOUND, n. Any thing audible; noise; voice; a 
narrow or shallow sea ; air-bladder of a fish ; a 
surgical instrument or probe. 

SOUND, a. Entire; whole; unhurt; undecayed ; 
firm ; founded in truth or right ; profound, as 
sleep ; not defective or enfeebled. 

SOUND, v. t. or v. i. To make or cause to make a 
noise ; to utter a voice ; to spread by sound or re- 
port; to search for the depth, as by sinking a 
lead to the bottom; to try; to examine. 

SOUND'ING, n. The act of ui tering noise ; act of 
endeavoring to discover the views of others ; act 
of throwing the lead to ascertain the depth of 
water. 



dove, wolf, look ; eule, lijJLL ' vi"cior;s. — € as k ; (i as J ; sasz; en as sn ; Tins. "J" Sot English. 



sou 



432 



SPA 



SOUND'ING-BoARD, n. A thin board which 

propagates the sound in an organ, violin, &c. 
SOUND'INGiS, n. pi. A part of the sea in which 

a line will reach the bottom. 
SOUND'LY, ad. Heartily ; stoutly ; severely ; 

justly. 
SOUND'NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
sound; entireness; health; firmness; freedom 
from error or fallacy ; orthodoxy. 
SoUP (soop), n. Strong broth ; decoction of flesh. 

SOUR, a. Acid; tart; crabbed; peevish; harsh 
to the feelings; cold and damp, as sour weather; 
rancid ; musty. 

SOUR, v. t. or v. i. To make or become acid ; to 
make harsh in temper; to make cross or crab- 
bed. 

SOURCE, n. That from which a thing springs; 
fountain ; root ; origin, which see. 

SOUR'CROUT, ) n. A dish made of cabbage cut 

SOUR'KROUT,/ up, thrown into a cask, and 
suffered to ferment. 

SOUR'ISH, a. Somewhat sour. 

SOUR'LY, ad. With sourness; discontentedly. 

SOUR'NESS, n. Acidity ; crabbedness ; austerity. 

SoUS (soo), n. pi. of Sou. 

SOUSE, n. Pickle made with salt; ears and feet 
of swine pickled. 

SOUSE, v. i. To fall suddenly on ; to rush with 
speed ; v. t. to steep in souse ; to plunge ; to strike 
with sudden violence. 

SOUTH, n. The point of the horizon ninety de- 
grees to the right of the point at which the sun 
rises when in the equinoxes ; a southern region 
or place. 

SOUTH, a. Being in a southern direction. 

SOUTH-EAST', n. The point equidistant between 
south and east. 

SOUTH-EAST', a. In the direction of southeast, 
or coining from the southeast. 

SOUTH-EAST'ERN, a. Toward the southeast. 

SOuTH'ER-LY (suth'er-ly), a. Being at the south 
or nearly south. 

SOuTH'ERN (suth'ern), a. Belongingto the south; 
lying toward or coming from the south. 

SOOTH ERN-ER (suth'ern-), n. An inhabitant of 
the Southern States. 

SOuTH'ERN-MoST (suth'ern-), a. Furthest to- 
ward the south. 

SOUTH'ING, a. Going toward the south. " 

SOUTH'ING, n. Course or distance south; tend- 
ency or motion to the south. The southing of 
the moon, the time at which the moon passes the 
meridian. 

SOUTH 'Mo ST, a. Furthest toward the south. 

SOuTH'RON (siith'-), n. An inhabitant of the 
mo'-e southern part of a country. 

SOUT FI'WARD or SOuTH'WARD (siith'-), a. To- 
ward the south ; n. southern regions or countries. 

SOUTH-WEST', n. The point equidistant be- 
tween south and west. 

SOUTH-WEST', a. Being at the southwest, or 
coming from that direction. 

SOUTH-WEST'ERN, a. In or from the south- 
west. 

SoU'VEX-i'R (soo've-neer), n. [Fr.~] A remem- 
brancer. 

S6VER-EIGN (suv'er-in or sov'er-in, which last, 
according to Smart, is the pronunciation in En- 
gland), a. Supreme in power; possessing su- 
preme dominion; supremely efficacious; predom- 
inant; effectual; chief. 

SOV'ER-EIGN, n. A supreme ruler ; one who pos- 
sesses the highest authority; a supreme magis- 
trate ; a gold coin of England, value twenty shil- 
lings sterling. 

SoV'ER-EIGN-LY, ad. In the highest degree ; 
supremely. 

SOVER-EIGN-TY, n. Supremacy; supreme do- 
minion. 

SOW, n. A female of the hog kind. 



SoW (so), v. i. [pret. Sowed; pp. Sowed-, Sown.] 
To scatter seed for growth ; to scatter over, as 
seed ; to supply or stock with seed. 
SOW'ANS (sou'anz), ?i. An article of food made 

_from oats. 
SoW'ER (so'er), n. One who sows or propagates. 
SOY, n. A kind of sauce for fish. 
SPX, n. A mineral water from a place of this 

name in Germany; a spring of mineral water. 
SPaCE, n. Local extension; room; distance; in- 
terval between lines; quantity of time ; awhile. 
SPaCE, v. t. In printing, to make spaces or wider 

intervals between words or lines. 
SPa'CIOUS (spa'shus), a. Large in extent; occu- 
pying much space. — Syn. Ample; capacious.— 
Ample implies largeness in quantity or amount, 
as ample stores, ample room, ample resources, 
&c. ; sjxtcious denotes wide physical extent or 
space, as a spacious hall, the spacious ocean, &c. ; 
capacious denotes, literally, the power of holding 
much, and hence wide or comprehensive, as a ca- 
pacious harbor, a capacious mind. 
SPa'CIOUS-LY, ad. Widely; extensively. 
SPa'CIOUS-NESS, n. Greatness of extent. 
SPaDE, n. An instrument for digging; a suit of 

cards ; a deer three years old ; a gelded beast. 
SPaDE, v. t. To dig with a spade. 
SPA-DI"CEOUS (-dish'us), a. Of a light red color. 
SPA-DILLE', n. The ace of spades at omber. 
SPa'DIX, n. The receptacle in palms, &c. 
SPALT (spawlt), a. Brittle ; cracked, as timber. 
SPAN, n. A hand's breadth; nine inches; a short 
space of time. A span of horses consists of two 
harnessed side by side. 
SPAN, v. t. To measure by the fingers; to meas- 
ure ; v. i. to agree in color or size, as the horses 
span well. 
SPAN'CEL, n. A rope to tie a cow's hind legs. 
SPaN'DREL, n. The irregular triangular space 
between the curve of an arch and the rectangle 
inclosing it. 
SPAN G 'GLE (spSng'gl), n. A small plate or boss, 
or piece of shining metal ; any little thing spark- 
ling and brilliant. 
SPAN G 'GLE (spSng'gl), v. t. To set or adorn with 

spangles. 
SPaN'IEL (spSn'yel), n. A dog used in field- 
sports ; a mean, cringing person ; v. i. to fawn 
upon ; to cringe. 
SPaN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Spain ; n. the lan- 
guage of Spain. 
SPaN'ISH-FLy, n. A fly used for blistering. 
SPANK, v. t. Tc slap with the open hand. 
SPANK'ER, n. A small coin ; a sail ; one that 

takes large strides in walking; a stout person. 
SPaN'NER, n. One that spans; lock of a fusee or 

carbine, or the fusee itself; a wrench. 
SPaR, n. A mineral that breaks with regular sur- 
faces ; a round piece of timber used for the yards 
and topmasts of ships. 
SPaR, v. i. To dispute; to quarrel; to fight with 

prelusive strokes. 
SPXR, v. t. To fasten with a bar. 
SPaR'A-BLE, n. Name of shoemakers' nails. 
SP.aRE (4), a. Scanty; lean; thin; superfluous. 
SPARE, v. t. To use frugally; to part with; to 
forbear to punish ; to grant ; to allow ; v. i. to 
live frugally ; to be parsimonious ; to use mercy 
or forbearance ; to forgive. 
SPARE'NESS, n. Thinness; leanness. 
SPAR'ER, n. One who spares ; one who avoids un- 
necessary expense. 
SPARE'RIB, n. Ribs of pork with little flesh. 
SPaR'-HuNG, a. Hung with spar, as a cave. 
SPAR'ING, a. Scarce; scanty; saving. 
SPAR'1'NG-LY, ad. Scantily; frugally; seldom. 
SPARTNG-NESS, n. Parsimony; frugality; cau- 
tion. 
SPARK, n. A particle of fire ; a small portion of 
any thing; a brisk, showy man; a lover. 



i, e, &c long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fab, last, fall, what; tueee, teem; mae'ine, eied; move, 



SPA 



433 



SPE 



SPSRK'FUL, a. Lively; brisk; gay. 

SPXKK'ISH, a. Airy; gay; -well-dressed. 

SPXRK'LE (spiir'kl). n. A small spark of fire. 

SPXRK'LE, v. i. To emit sparks; to glitter; to 
twinkle ; to exhibit animation ; to emit bubbles. 

SPaRK'LER, n. He or that which sparkles; one 
whose eves sparkle. 

SPaRK'LING, ppr. or a. Throwing out sparks; 
vividly bright. — Syn. Glittering; brilliant; shin- 
ing, which see. 

SPXRK'LIXG-NESS, n. A twinkling brilliancy. 

SPXR'RIXG, n. A prelusive contention, as among 
boxers; dispute. 

SPAR'RoW (spar'ro), n. A genus of small birds. 

SPAR'RoYY-GRASS, n. A corruption of aspara- 
gus. 

SPaR'RY, a. Resembling spar or consisting of it. 

SPARSE, a. Thinly scattered ; distant. 

SPXRSE'LY, ad. Thinly; in a scattered manner. 

SPARSE'NESS, n. Thinness; scattered state. 

SPaR'TAN, a. Pertaining to Sparta; hardy; un- 
daunted, [cramp. 

SPASM, n. Involuntary contraction of muscles; 

SPA$-M5D'I€ (spaz-mod'ik), n. A medicine good 
for removing spasm ; anti-spasmodic ; a. consist- 
ing in spasm. 

SPAS'TIC, a. Pertaining to spasm. 

SPA-THa'CEOUS (spa-tha'shus), a. Having a ca- 
lyx like a sheath. 

SPaTH'IG, a. Foliated or lamellar. 

SPATH'I-FORM, a. Resembling spar. 

SPATH'oSE, \ a. Having a calyx like a sheath ; 

SPaTH'OUS,] sparry. 

SPAT'TER, v. t. To sprinkle on ; to make dirty ; 
to scatter about. 

SPAT'TER, v. i. To throw out of the mouth in a 
scattered manner. 

SPAT'TER-DASH-E$, n. pi. Coverings for the 
legs to keep them clean from water and mud. 

SPAT'u-LA, n. An apothecary's slice for spread- 
ing plasters. * 

SPaT'u-LaTE, a. Shaped like a spatula or bat- 
tledoor. 

SPAVIN, n. A tumor on a horse's leg producing 
lameness. 

SPAVINED, a. Affected with spavin. 

SPAWL, v. i. To spit and spatter saliva. 

SPAWN, n. The eggs of frogs and fishes. 

SPAWN, v. t. or v. i. To produce or deposit, as 
eggs of a fish ; to bring forth, as offspring, in con- 
tempt. 

SPAWN'ER, n. The female fish. 

SPaY (spa), v. t. To castrate, as a female beast. 

SPeAK, v. i. Ipret. Spoke (spake) ; pp. Spoke, 
Spoken.] To utter words or articulative sounds, 
as human beings; to utter a speech, discourse, or 
harangue ; to talk ; to make mention of; to give 
sounds ; v. t. to utter ; to declare ; to address ; to 
communicate with, as to speak a ship. 

SPEAK' A-BLE (speek'a-bl), a. That can be ut- 
tered ; able to speak. 

SPeAK'ER, n. One who speaks; the presiding 
officer in a deliberative assembly. 

SPeAK'ER-SHIP, n. The office of speaker. 

SPeAR (speer), n. A long, pointed -weapon; a 
lance; a shoot, as of grass; usually spire. 

SPeAR (speer), v. t. To stab or kill with a spear ; 
vA. to shoot into a long stem. 

SPeAR'MAN, n. A man armed with a spear. 

SPE"CIAL (spesh'al), a. Particular; noting some- 
thing more than ordinary ; peculiar, which see. 

SPE"CIAL-LY (spbsh'al-ly), ad. Particularly ; 
chiefly. 

SPe"CIAL-TY (sp?sh'al-ty), n. A special con- 
tract, or the evidence of a debt under seal ; the 
debt; a particular or peculiar case; a particular 
subject or pursuit to which one devotes himself, 
as a physician makes consumption his speciaWi. 

SPe'CIE (spe'shy), n. Coined money; gold, sil- 
ver, and copper. 



SPE'CIES (spG'shez), n. sing, and pi. A class com 
prehended under a genus; sort; kind; class; or- 
der. 

SPE-CiF'IC, X a. Distinguishing one from an- 

SPE-CiF'I€-AL,j" other; that specifies or par- 
ticularizes. 

SPE-CiF'IC, n. A certain remedy for a disease ; a 
medicine which infallibly cures. 

SPE-CiFTC-AL-LY, ad. According to the spe- 
cies; definitely. 

SPE-CiF'I-€aTE, v. t. To designate the species ; 
to specify. 

SPEC-I-FI-Cv'TION, n. Act of specifying a par- 
ticular thing or fact ; a written statement of par- 
ticulars. 

SPE-CIF'IC-NESS, n. Quality of being specific; 
particular mark of distinction. 

SPEC'1-Fy, v. t. To mention or designate a par- 
ticular thing so as to distinguish it. 

SPeC'I-MEN (spes'e-men), n. That which serves 
to represent things of a like character, as a specie 
men of one's handwriting. — Syn. Sample. — A 
specimen (from species) is a representative of the 
class of things to which it belongs, as a specimen 
of photography; a sample is a part of the thing 
itself, designed to show the quality of the whole, 
as a sample of sugar or of broadcloth. A cabinet 
of minerals consists of sriecimens ; if a part be 
broken off from any one of these specimens, it is 
a._sam])la of the mineral to which it belongs. 

SPe'CIOUS (spu'shus), a. Pleasing to the view; 
apparently right ; appearing well at first sight. — 
Syn. Showy ; superficial ; plausible, which see. 

SPe'CIOUS-LY (spG'shus-ly), ad. With fair ap- 
pearance. 

SPe'CIOUS-NESS, n. Fair external show ; plau- 
sibility ; superficialness. 

SPECK, n. A small spot or discoloration ; a blem- 
ish ; a very small thing. 

SPECK, v. t. To stain or mark in spots ; to blem- 
ish. 

SPECK'LE (sp^k'kl), n. A small spot or speck. 

SPECK'LE, v. t. To mark with spots. 

SPECTA-CLE, n. Any thing exhibited to view as 
very remai-kable ; a show ; a sight. 

SPe€'TA-€L#D (spek'ta-kld), a. Furnished 
with spectacles. 

SPECTA-CLES (spSk'ta-klz), n. pi. Glasses to 
assist the sight. 

SPEC-Ta'TOR, n. One that looks on ; one per- 
sonally present on any occasion. 

SPEC-Ta'TOR-SHIP, n. Act of beholding; office 
of a spectator. 

SPEC-Ta'TRESS, n. A female beholder or look- 
er on. 

SPECTER,) n. An apparition; the appearance 

SPECTRE, | of any person who is dead. 

SPEG'TRAL, a. Pertaining to a specter; ghostly. 

^SPECTRUM, n. ; pi. Speo'tka. [Z/.] A visible 
thing; an image before the eyes when shut; an 
image into which the rays of the sun, &c, are 
divided by passing through a prism. 

SPECu-LAR, a. Like a looking-glass. 

SPEC'u-LaTE, v. i. To consider a subject by 
turning it in the mind; to meditate; to buy in 
expectation of a rise in price. 

SPEC-u-La'TION, n. Mental view of any thing 
in its aspects and relations; theory; views of a 
subject not verified by fact or experience ; a buy- 
ing in expectation of a rise in price. 

SPECu-LA-TiVE, a. Given to speculation ; con- 
templative; theoretical; noting a speculation in 
lands, &c. 

SPECu-LA-TiYE-LY, ad. In contemplation or 
theory ; in the way of speculation in lands, &c. 

SP£C'u-La-TOR, n. One who contemplates a sub- 
ject; one who theorizes; one who buys up com- 
modities to make gain by the rise of price. 

SPE€'u-LA-TO-RY, a. Exercising speculation; 
intended for viewing. 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bell; vi/'cious. — e as k; g as j; s as z; ch as an; this. + 2iot English. 

Ee 



SPE 



434 



SPI 



+SPe€'u-LUM, n. ; pi. Speo'u-la. [L.] A glass or 
polished metallic plate that reflects images; a 
mirror or looking-glass. 

SPEECH, n. The faculty of uttering articulate 
sounds or words to express ideas ; a formal dis- 
course, as a speech in a public assembly; a par- 
ticular language. — Syn. Talk ; discourse ; lan- 
guage, also harangue, which see. 

SPEECH'I-Fy, v. i. To make a speech. [Not el- 
egant.] 

SPEECH'LESS, a. Not able to speak or not speak- 
ing. 

SPEECH'LESS-NESS, n. State of being mute. 

SPEED, v. i. [pret. and pp. Sped.] To make 
haste ; to have success or prosperity ; v. t. to send 
in haste ; to put in quick motion ; to help for- 
ward. — Syn. To dispatch ; hurry ; hasten ; accel- 
erate. 

SPEED, n. Eapidity of motion or of execution ; 
success in an undertaking. — Syn. Swiftness; dis- 
patch ; expedition ; quickness ; haste, which see. 

SPEED'FUL, a. Full of speed; hasty. 

SPEED'I-LY, ad. In a short time ; quickly ; hast- 
ily; soon. 

SPEED'I-NESS, n. The quality of being speedy ; 
quickness; haste; dispatch. 

SPEED'Y, a. Rapid in motion ; quick in per- 
formance. — Syn. Quick ; hasty. 

SPeLL, n. A charm consisting of words of hidden 
power, as a magic spell; a turn of work, as to 
take or give a spell; an interval or short time, 
as a spell of hot weather [provincial in England] 

SPeLL, v. t. or v. i. [pret. and p>P- Spelled or 
Spelt.] To tell or name the letters of a word 
with a proper division of syllables; to write or 
print with the proper letters; to read; to take 
another's place or turn ; to charm. 

SPeLL'-BOUND, a. Arrested by a spell. 

SPeLL'ER, n. One that spells words ; one skilled 
in spelling ; a spelling-book. 

SPeLL'ING-, n. The act of naming the letters of 
a word, or the act of writing or printing them. 

SPeLL'-LaND, n. A land of .spells and charms. 

SPEL'TER, n. The commercial name given to 
common zinc. 

SPeN'CER, n. A kind of short coat ; a sail of a 
vessel. 

SPeND, v. t. [pret. and pp. Spent.] Primarily, 
to open or spread; hence, to lay out or bestow 
for any purpose ; to part with ; to consume ; to 
exhaust of force or strength ; to harass or fatigue. 

SPeND, v. i. To make expense; to be lost or 
wasted ; to be consumed or exhausted. 

SPeND'ER, n. One who spends or wastes. 

SPeND'THRIFT, n. A prodigal ; one who spends 
money profusely. 

SPERM (13), n. Animal seed ; that by which the 
race is propagated ; spermaceti. 

SPERM-A-Ce'Ti, n. A white, transparent, fatty 
matter, used for making candles, &c, obtained 
chiefly from the head of spermaceti whales. 

SPERM-aT'IO, a. Consisting of seed; seminal; 

conveying or secreting seed. 
SPERM-aT'O-CeLE, n. A swelling of the sperm- 
atic vessels or vessels of the testicles. 
SPEW (spia), v. t. or v. i. To eject from the stom- 
ach ; to vomit or puke ; to cast off with abhor- 
rence. 
SPHAC-E-La'TION (sfas-e-la'shun), n. A becom- 
ing gangrenous. 
SPHE-NOID'AL, a. Resembling a wedge. 
SPHERE (sfere), n. In geometry, a solid body con- 
tained under a single surface, which in every part 
is equally distant from a point called its center ; 
F a globe ; orb ; circuit of action, knowledge, &c. ; 

raiik or station in life. See Globe. 
SPHERE, v. t. To place in a sphere ; to form into 

roundness. 
SPHeR'IC, T a. Having the form of a sphere ; 
SPHER'I€-AL,i globular; round. 



SPHeR'I€-AL-LY, ad. In the form of a sphere. 

SPHE-RiC'I-TY, n. Roundness; the quality of 
being globular. 

SPHER'ICS (sfer'iks), n. pi. The doctrine and 
properties of the sphere ; spherical geometry. 

SPHe'ROID, n. A body nearly spherical. 

SPHE-ROID'AL, \ a. Of the form of a sphe- 

SPHE-ROID'I€-AL,f roid. [al. 

SPHE-ROID'I-TY, n. Quality of being spheroid- 

SPHeR'uLE (sf ur'ul), n. A little sphere or globe. 

SPHINX (sfinks), n. A fabled monster, having 
the face of a woman and the body of a lion, 
which put out riddles and devoured all who were 
unable to solye them ; an Egyptian monument. 

SPHRA-GiS'TICS, n. pi. The science of seals; 
their history, age, &c. ; a branch of diplomatics. 

SPlCE, n. An aromatic plant or its seed, used in 
cookery ; a small quantity ; pungency. 

SPlCE, v. t. To season with spice ; to tincture ; to 
render nice or scrupulous. 

SPi'CER-Y, n. Spices in general; a repository of 
spices. 

SPIC'u-LAR, a. Resembling a dart. 

SPiC'uLE, n. A minute, slender granule or point. 

SPi'CY, a. Like spice, or abounding with spices; 
pungent; racy, which see. 

SPl'DER, n. An animal that spins webs for catch- 
ing prey; a kitchen utensil. 

SPIG'OT, n. A peg or pin to stop a cask. 

SPIKE, n. An ear of corn ; a large nail; a shoot 
of a plant. 

SPIKE, v. t. To fasten or set with spikes ; to stop 
the vent of a cannon. 

SPIKE'LET, n. In botany, a small spike making 
a part of a large one. 

SPIKE'NARD (spik'nard), n. A plant of several 
species with an aromatic odor. 

SPIK'Y, a. Having a sharp point. 

SPILE, n. A pin to stop a hole in a cask; a stake 
driven down into the ground to protect a bank or 
form a foundation, &c. 

SPILL, v. t. [pret. and pp. Spilled, Spilt.] To 
suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to cause to 
run out or shed ; to throw away ; v. i. to be suf- 
fered to run out, &c. ; to be shed ; to waste. 

SPIN, v. t. [pret. and pp. Spun.] To draw out in 
a thread and twist ; to whirl ; to protract to great 
length. 

SPIN, v. i. To practice spinning; to move round 
rapidly : to stream or issue in a thread. 

SPIN'ACH,\ ,„,*_/_*,,» in. A garden-plant used 

SPIN'AGE, | (s P in a J e) ' t for food. 

SPi'NAL, a. Belonging to the spine. 

SPIN'DLE, n. A pin to form thread on ; an axis. 

SPIN'DLE, v. i. To become thin or tall. 

SPlN'DLE-SHANKS, n. A tall, slender person 
[in contempt]. 

SPINE, n. The backbone; a thorn ; a ridge. 

SPl'NEL, \n. A very hard mineral, one vari- 

SPl-NELLE',f ety of which is the ruby. 

SPiN'ET, n. A musical instrument resembling a 
harpsichord, but smaller ; a virginal. 

SPlN'NER, n. One who spins; a spider. 

SPiN'NING-JeN-NY, n. An engine for spinning 
cotton or wool. 

SPiN'NING-WHEEL, n. A wheel for spinning 
flax, cotton, or wool. 

SPI-N6S'I-TY, n. State of being spiny. 

SPI'NOUS, a. Full of spines; thorny. 

SPiN'STER, n. A woman who spins; in laiv, the 
common title for a woman without rank ; an un- 
married woman. 

SPIN'STRY, n. The business of spinning. 

SPI'N Y, a. Full of spines ; perplexed ; trouble- 
some. 

SPIR'A-CLE (spir'a-kl or spi'ra-kl), n. A small 
aperture in bodies by which air or other fluid is 
exhaled or inhaled; any small aperture, hole, or 
vent. 

SPi'RAL, a. Winding round a cylinder, at the 



I, S, &c, long.— a, b, 



Short. — CARE, FAB, LAST, FALL, WHAT J THERE, TERM; MARINE, BIRD? MOVE, 



SPI 



435 



SPO 



same time rising or advancing forward ; winding 
like a screw. 
SPi'RAL-LY, ad. In a winding form. 
SPIRE, n. A winding line like the thread of a 
Bcrew ; a body that tapers to a point ; a steeple : 
a shoot or blade ; the point or top of a thing. 
SPIRE, v. t. To shoot up or out ; to sprout. 

SPIRIT, n. Literally, breath ; hence, an imma- 
terial intelligent being, as the soul of man, &c. ; 
prevailing temper ; an excitement of mind or 
feeling ; the essential quality of a thing ; a strong 
liquor obtained by distillation. 

SPIR'IT, v. t. To animate with vigor; to excite 
or encourage ; to convey away, as if by a spirit. 

SPIR'IT-ED, a. Full of life or spirit; bold. 

SPIR'IT-ED-LY, ad. In a lively manner. 

SPIR'IT-LESS, a. Wanting animation ; dull ; 
cheerless 

SPiR'IT-LESS-LY,rttf. Without spirit; lifelessly. 

SPIR'IT-LESS-NESS, n. Want of life or vigor. 

+SPIR-I-To'SO. lit.} In music, with spirit. 

SPIR'IT-OUS, a. Like spirit; refined; pure. 

SPIR'IT-OUS-NESS, n. A refined state ; ardency ; 
fineness. 

SPIR'IT-u-AL (spir'it-yu-al), a. Consisting of 
spirit; incorporeal; pure; not fleshly. 

SPiR'IT-u-AL-ISM, n. The doctrine that all which 
exists is spirit or soul; doctrine of intercourse 
with departed spirits ; state of being spiritual. 

SPIR'IT-u-AL-IST (spir'it-yu-al-ist), n. One who 
professes a regard for spiritual things only; one 
who maintains the doctrine of a present inter- 
course with departed spirits. 

SPIR-IT-u-AL'I-TY, n. Essence distinct from 
matter; immateriality; spiritual or intellectual 
nature; holy affections. [alizing. 

SPIR-IT-u-AL-I-ZA'TION, n. The act of spiritu- 

SPIR'IT-u-AL-lZE, v. t. To convert to a spiritual 
sense ; to refine the intellect or feelings. 

SPIR'IT-u-AL-LY, ad. Without corporeal gross- 
ness or sensuality ; in a manner conformed to the 
spirit of true religion; purely; divinely. 

SPIR'IT-u-OU8 (splr'it-yu-us), a. Consisting of 
spirit; ardent. 

SPiRT. See Sptjkt. Dy. 

SPiRT'LE (IT) (spur'tl), v. t. To spurt scattering- 

SPIR'Y, a. Of a spiral form ; wreathed. 

SPI S'SI-T uDE, n. Thickness of soft substances. 

SPIT, n. An iron prong or bar on which meat is 
roasted ; a point of land running into the sea ; 
what is ejected from the mouth ; saliva. 

SPIT, v. t. To put on a spit ; to thrust through ; 
to pierce ; to dig. 

SPIT, v. i. or v. t. Ipret. and pp. Spit.] To eject 
spittle or saliva from the mouth. 

SPIT'AL. See Hospital. 

SPIT'-BoX, \n. A vessel to receive discharges 

SPIT-TOON', J" of saliva. 

SPITE, n. A feeling of malicious vexation ; a set- 
tled desire to vex or injure. In spite of means 
in defiance of. — Syn. Malice. — Malice has more 
reference to the disposition, and spite to the man- 
ifestations of it in words and actions. Malice de- 
notes a spirit which desires evil to others; spite 
is a temper which delights to express itself in 
bitter and cutting language, or in low and irri- 
tating actions. It is therefore meaner than mal- 
ice, though not always more criminal. 

SPITE, v. t. To be angry or vexed at; to vex. 

SPITF/FUL, a. Filled with spite; malignant. 

SPITE'FUL-LY, ad. With malice or ill will. 

SPiTE'FUL-NESS, n. The disposition to vex or 
injure; "malice. 

SPIT'TER, n. One who spits ; a young deer whose 
horns begin to shoot or become sharp. 

SPIT'TLE (spit'tl), n. The thick moist matter se- 
creted by the salivary glands and ejected by the 
mouth; saliva. 

SPLASH, n. Water or mud thrown upon any 
thing, or thrown from a puddle. 



SPLASH, v. t. To dash with water or mud. 
SPLASH Y, a. Full of water or mud and water. 
SPLAY (sph'O, a. Displayed ; spread; turned out 
SPLAY'-FOOT-ED, a. Having broad feet. 
SPLaY'-MOUTH, n. A mouth stretched by de- 
sign. 
SPLEEN, n. A part of the human body, near the 
stomach, the use of which is not known. It was 
supposed by the ancients to be the seat of melan- 
choly, vexation, &c. ; hence, melancholy ; spite ; 
anger. 
SPLEEN'ISH, a. Disposed to anger, vexation, 
melancholy, &c. ; affected with spleen. 

SPLEEN'Y, a. Fretful ; melancholy. 

SPLeN'DENT, a. Shining; beaming with light ; 
bright; illustrious. 

SPLeN'DID, a. Properly, shining, as a splendid 
sun; hence, very bright; showy; magnificent; 
illustrious. 

SPLeN'DID-LY, ad. With great show ; magnif- 
icently. 

SPLeN'DOR, n. Great brightness ; brilliancy. 

SPLeN'E-TIC, a. Full of spleen; peevish, "n. a 
person affected with spleen. 

SPLeNT. See Splint. 

SPLICE, n. The union of ropes by interweaving 
the strands. 

SPLICE, v. t. To separate the strands of two ends 
of a rope, and unite them by interweaving the 
threads. 

SPLINT, ? n. A thin piece of wood ; a piece 

SPLINT'ER,f of wood split off; in surgery, a 
thin piece of wood, &c, used to confine a broken 
bone when set; in farriery, a hard excrescence 
growing on the shank-bone of a horse. 

SPLINT'ER, v. t. To split into thin pieces; to 
confine with splinters. 

SPLINT'ER-Y, a. Like or consisting of splinters. 

SPLIT, v. t. {pret. and;jp. Split.] To rend or di- 
vide lengthwise ; to divide ; to break to pieces ; 
to strain with laughter. 

SPLIT, v. i. To part asunder; to burst; to be 
dashed in pieces ; n. a longitudinal fissure ; a 
crack ; a breach. 

SPLuT'TER, n. A bustle ; a stir. 

SPOIL, n. That which is taken from others by 
violence ; plunder ; pillage ; booty. 

SPOIL, v. t. To take or strip by violence ; to plun- 
der; to corrupt or injure, so rendering useless or 
destroying. 

SPOIL, v. i. To practice plunder; to decay. 

SPOIL'ER, n. One that plunders, corrupts, mars, 
or renders useless. 

SPoKE, n. The ray or bar of a wheel, Avhich is 
inserted in the hub to support the rim. 

SPoKESTtfAN, n. One who speaks for another. 

SPo'LI-aTE, v. t. or v. i. To pillage ; to practice 
plunder. 

SPO-LI-a'TION, n. The act or practice of plun- 
dering^ 

SPON-Da'IC, a. Pertaining to a spondee. 

SPoN'DEE, n. A poetic foot of two long syllables. 

SPoNgE (spunj), n. A porous marine substance 
found adhering to rocks under water; it readily 
imbibes liquids, and, on compression, gives them 
out again; an instrument for cleaning cannon 
after a discharge; soft dough. 

SPONGE (spunj), v. t. To wipe with a wet sponge ; 
to cleanse with a sponge; to extinguish or de- 
stroy ; to harass; to prepare dough for bread, &c. 

SP6NG-E, v. i. To suck in or imbibe; to gain by 
mean arts or hanging on. 

SPONg'ER (spiin'jer), n. One who uses a sponge; 
a hanger-on. 

SPONg'ING-HOUSE, n. A bailiffs house to put 
debtors in. 

SPoN'SAL. a. Relating to marriage. 

SPoN'SION (spon'shun), n. Act of being surety 
for another. 

SPoN'SOR, n. A surety; a godfather; in some 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bull; vi"cious. — € as k ; (i as j; 3 as z; cu as sa; tuis. *JS'ot English. 



SPO 



436 



SPR 



Christian communions, one who is surety for the 
religious education of a child baptized. 

SPGN-TA-NE'I-TY, \n. The quality of act- 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS,J ing freely or out of 
one's own impulses without restraint. 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Proceeding from internal 
feeling or impulse; springing up, as it were, of 
itself, as a sjjontaneous burst of feeling, sponta- 
taneous combustion, spontaneous growth. — Syn. 
Voluntary. — "What is voluntary is the result of a 
volition, or act of choice; it therefore implies 
some degree of consideration, and may be the re- 
sult of mere reason without excited feeling. 
What is spontaneous (from Latin, sp>onte) springs 
wholly from feeling by a kind of outburst of the 
mind which admits of no reflection, as a sponta- 
neous burst of applause. Hence the term is ap- 
plied, as stated above, to things inanimate. 

SPON-Ta NE-OUS-LY, ad. Freely; of free will, 
by its own force. 

SPON-TOON', n. A kind of half pike carried by 
military officers of a low rank. 

SPOOK, \ n. From the German spuk, a spirit; a 

SPOKE,) ghost: a hobgoblin. 

SPOOL, n. A cane, reed, or hollow cylinder used 
Ly weavers; a small roll of thread on a cylinder. 

SPOOL, v. t. To wind on spools. 

SPOON, n. A small domestic utensil with a bowl 
at the end for dipping. 

SPOON'FUL, n. As much as a spoon will hold. 

SPOON '-MEAT, n. Any food eaten with a spoon. 

SPO-RAD'IC, ) a. Scattered ; occurring here 

SPO-RaD'I€-AL,J and there. 

SPORE, ) n. The part of flowerless plants 

SPOR'OLE, ) which performs the functions of 
seeds. 

SPoRT, n. That which diverts or amuses ; mock- 
ery or contemptuous mirth. — Syn. Play; game; 
diversion, frolic; mockery; jeer. 

SPoRT, v. t. To divert ; to exhibit publicly, as a 
new carriage, &c. ; to represent by any kind of 
play. 

SPoRT, V. i. To play; to make merry; to trifle. 

SPORT'FUL, a. Making sport; frolicsome. 

SPORT'FUL LY, ad. In a sportive, merry man- 
ner ; cheerfully. 

SPORT'Fl .'L-NESS,J n. Playfulness; disposition 

SPORT'IVE-NESS, j to mirth. 

SPoRT'lVE, a. Full of sport; merry; gay; airy; 
wanton. [fully. 

SPoRT'lVE- LY, ad. With gayness ; merrily ; play- 

SPoRTS'MAN, n. One fond of field-sports, as 
hunting, fishing, &c. ; one skilled in these sports. 

SPORTS'MAN-SHIP, rx. Practice of sportsmen. 

SPOT, n. A mark on a substance made by foreign 
matter ; a stain on character , a small extent of 
space, as a sj)ot of ground ; a different color from 
the rest of a thing; on the spot, immediately. — 
Syn. Blot ; stain ; flaw ; blemish ; fault ; site ; 
place; locality. 

SPOT, v. t. To make a visible mark with some 
foreign matter; to discolor; to stain ; to patch or 
mark by way of ornament; to tamish or blot, as 
reputation. — Syn. To mark ; blot ; stain ; dis- 
grace; tarnish. 

SPOT'LESS, a. Without spot; pure; immacu- 
late; holy. [stain. 

SPOT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from spot and 

SPOT'TED-NESS, n. A state of being spotted. 

SPOT'TY, a. Marked with spots. , 

SPOL'S'AL (spou'zal), a. Matrimonial; pertain- 
ing to marriage; nuptial. 

SPOUS'AL (spou'zal), n. Marriage; nuptials. [It 
is now generally used in the plural.] 

SPOUSE (spouz), n. One engaged or joined in 
wedlock ; a husband or wife. 

SPOUSE, v. t. To wed. See Espouse. 

SPOUSE'LESS, a. Having no husband or wife. 

SPOUT, tt. A projecting mouth to direct the 
stream of a liquid poured out ; a pipe conduct- 



ing water. A ivater-spout is a violent discharge 
of water raised in a column by the force of a whirl- 
wind. 

SPOUT, v. t. To throw out of a narrow orifice ; to 
throw out words with affected gravity. 

SPOUT, v. i. To issue with violence, as a liquid 
through a narrow orifice or spout. 

SPRaIN, n. Excessive straining of the ligaments 
or muscles of the joints without dislocation. 

SPRaIN, v. t. To overstrain the ligaments so as 
to weaken their motive power. 

SPRAWL, v. i. To spread and stretch the body in 
a horizontal position ; to move the limbs awk- 
wardly when lying down. 

SPRaY (spra), n. A small shoot or branch of a 
tree ; water driven from the sea which spreads in 
small particles. 

SPREAD (sprcd), v. t. \_pret. and pp. Spread.] To 
extend in length or breadth ; to scatter, publish, 
or promulgate ; to prepare, as a table for a meal. 
— Syn. To diffuse ; extend ; scatter ; propagate ; 
publish ; distribute. 

SPREAD (sprcd), v. i. To extend itself in length 
and breadth ; to be extended ; to be propagated. 

SPREAD (spivd), n. Extent; compass; expansion 
of parts ; a cloth used as a bed-cover, &c. 

SPREE, n. A frolic, generally with drinking. 

SPRIG, n. A small branch ; twig; slip. 

SPRIG, v. t. To mark or adorn with the represent- 
ation of small branches. 

SPRiG'GY, a. Full of sprigs or branches. 

SPRIGHT,f (sprite), n. A spirit or shade ; an ap- 

SPRTTE, j parition; incorporeal agent. 

SPRIGHT'LI-NESS (sprite'-), n. Briskness; vi- 
vacity. 

SPRIGHT'LY (sprite'-), a. Brisk; lively; gay; 
active. 

SPRING, v. i. Ipret. Sprang, Sprung; pp. Sprung.] 
To rise out of the ground ; to issue ; to leap ; to 
bound ; to fire, as a mine. 

SPRING, v. t. To start or rouse, as game ; to crack, 
as to spring a mast; to produce quickly ; to cause 
to explode; to burst open; to cause to rise from 
a given spot, as an arch ; to close suddenly, as to 
spring a trap. 

SPRING, n. A season of the year when plants 
spring; a leap; a fountain; the origin of a thing, 
as the sjyring of great 4 events ; an elastic power or 
force ; an elastic body. [ing. 

SPRINOE (sprfnj), n. A snare; a noose for catch- 

SPRING'H ALT, n. Lameness of a horse, in which 
he twitches up his legs. 

SPRING'-HEAD (-hed), n. A fountain or source. 

SPRING'I-NESS, n. The power of springing, 
elasticity; abundance of springs. 

SPRING'-TiDE, n. A tide at the new and full 
moon, being higher than common tides. 

SPRING'-TIME, n. The season of spring. 

SPRING'Y, a. Possessing power to recover itself 
when bent; elastic; able to leap far; containing 
springs or fountains. 

SPRINK'LE (sprink'kl), v. t. To cast drops of wa- 
ter or small particles on ; to wash ; to cleanse. 

SPRINK'LE, v. i. To perform the act of scatter- 
ing a liquid or any fine substance ; to rain mod- 
erately, as it sprinkles. 

SPRINK'LE (sprink'kl), n. A small quantity scat- 
tered. 

SPRiNK'LING, n. Act of scattering in drops or 
small particles. 

SPRIT, n. A shoot ; a sprout ; a small boom of a 
vessel. 

SPRIT, v. i. To sprout; to bud ; to germinate. 

SPRITE,_?i. A spirit , an apparition. 

SPRIT' SaIL, n. A sail extending by a sprit. 

SPROUT, v. i. To shoot, as a plant; to bud. 

SPROUT, n. A shoot of a plant; a shoot from the 
end of a branch or from the seed or root. 

SPRuCE (81), a. Neat ; trim ; neat without ele- 
gance. See Finical. 



a, e, &c, long.— a, e, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird, move, 



SPR 



437 



SQU 



SPRCCE, v. t. To dress with affected neatness,- v. i. 
to dress one's self with affected neatness. 

SPRCCE, n. The fir-tree; an evergreen. 

Sl'Ri" CE'-BEER, n. Beer tinctured with spruce. 

SPRuCE'LY, ad. With affected neatness. 

SPRCCE'XESS, n. Neatness in dress, without 
taste or elegance; trimness. 

SPRY', a. Quick in action ; having great power of 
leaping or running; nimble. 

SPOD, n. A short tool like a chisel, for destroying 
weeds, &c— applied familiarly to any thing short. 

SPOME, n. Frothy matter; foam; scum. 

SP0ME, v. i. To froth ; to foam. 

SPU-MES'CENCE, n. Frothiness; state of foam- 
ing. 

SPuM'OUS,) a. Consisting of froth or scum ; 

SPOM'Y, J foamy. 

SPGNgE. See Sponge. 

SPuNK, n. Dry rotten wood that readily takes 
fire; touch- wood ; hence, an inflammable temper. 

SPuNK'Y, a. Spirited; full of spunk. 

SPuR, n. An instrument with sharp points worn 
on horsemen's heels to hasten the pace of horses; 
an incitement; an instigation; a sharp, horny 
projection on the leg of a cock; a projecting 
mountain. 

SPuR, v. t. To prick with a spur; to incite; to 
impel ; to drive ; to put spurs on ; v. i. to travel 
with great expedition. 

SPuR'GALL, n. A place excoriated by much us- 
ing of the spur. 

SPiTRI-OUS, a. Mot genuine; not legitimate. — 
Syn. False ; counterfeit ; fictitious ; adulterate ; 
bastard. 

SPu'RI-OUS-LY, ad. Falsely ; by counterfeiting. 

SPu'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of not being 
genuine. 

SPuRN, v. t. To kick; to reject with disdain; to 
treat M'ith contempt; to scorn to receive; v. i. to 
manifest disdain in rejecting any thing; to make 
contemptuous opposition. 

SPuRN, n. Contemptuous treatment. 

SPORT, v. t. To throw out a stream with force ; 
v. i. to gush or issue out in a stream, as liquor 
from a cask. 

SPORT, n. A sudden gushing of a liquid from a 
pipe, &c. ; a sudden effort. 

SPOT'TER, n. Moist matter thrown out in small 
particles. 

SPuT'TER, v. i. Literally, to throw out spittle 
from the mouth, as in rapid speaking; hence, to 
throw off moisture in small detached parts ; to 
fly off in small particles with crackling noise; to 
utter words hastily and indistinctly ; v. t. to ut- 
ter with haste and noise. 

SPOT'TER-ER, n. One who sputters. 

SPv, n. One who watches another's actions; one 
sent into the camp or country of an enemy to 
gain intelligence. 

SPv, v. t. To discover; to see at a distance; to 
explore ; v. i. to search narrowly ; to play the part 
of a spy. 

SPy'-GLaSS, n. A small telescope. 

SPT'ISM. n. The act or business of spying. 

SQUAB (skwob), a. Thick and stout; short and 
fat.' 

SQUAB (skwob), n. A young domestic pigeon. 



SQUAB'BISHJ 
SQUAB'BY, f 



Thick; fat; heavy. 



SQUAB'BLE (skwob'bl), v. i. To debate peevish- 
ly ; to wrangle ; to contend ; to brawl ; to quar- 
rel. 

SQUAB'BLE (skwob'bl), n. A wrangle or petty 
contention. 

SQUAB'BLER, n. A quarrelsome fellow. 

SQUAD (skwod), n. A company or small party of 
persons ; a small party of men assembled for drill 
or inspection. 

SQUAD'RON (skwod'run), n. A body of troops in 
any regular form ; part of an army ; in naval af- 



fairs, a detachment of ships employed in any 

particular service; part of a fleet. 
SQUAL'ID (skwol'-), a. Foul ; filthy; very dirty. 
SQUAL-iD'I-TY, \ . r] , (n. A state of ex- 
SQUAL'ID-NESS,j t SKW01 m h \ treme foulness; 

nltiiiness. [of wind. 

SQUALL, n. A loud scream or cry ; a sudden gust 
SQUALL, v. i. To cry or scream violently. 
SQUALL'ER, n. One that cries loudly. 
SQU^LL'Y, a. Subject to sudden gusts of wind. 
SQUa'LOID, a. Resembling a shark. 
SQUa'LOR, n. Foulness; filthiness. 

SOUa'MOUS f a ' S C£ uy' covered with scales. 

SQUAN'DER (skwon'der), v. t. To spend lavish- 
ly ; to dissipate ; to scatter ; to waste without 
judgment. 

SQUAN'DER-ER, n. A waster ; a spendthrift ; one 
who spends his money prodigally without neces- 
sity or use. 

SQUAN'DER-ING-LY, ad. By squandering. 

SQUARE (4), a. Having four equal bides and right 
angles; forming a right angle ; having a straight 
front; doing equal justice; fair, as square deal- 
ing ; even, as leaving no balance. The square 
root of any number is that which, multiplied into 
itself, produces the number. 

SQUARE, n. A figure of four equal sjdes ; an area 
of four sides, with houses on each side ; the con- 
tent of the side of a figure squared; an open 
place ; an instrument for measuring, as the car- 
penter's square; rule or agreement. 

SQUARE, v. t. To make square or equal ; to re- 
duce to any given measure; to adjust; to regu- 
late ; in arithmetic, to multiply a number by it- 
self. 

SQUARE, v. i. To suit ; to fit ; to accord ; to take 
an attitude of defiance. 

SQUARE'NESS, n. State of being square. 

SQUARE'~RiGGi?D (-rigd), a. In seamen's lan- 
guage, having sails extended by yards. 

SQUASH (skwosh), n. Something soft ; a plant 
whose fruit is eaten ; a contact or fall of soft bod- 
ies, [crush. 

SQUASH (skwosh), v. t. To make into pulp ; to 

SQUASH'Y, ad. Like a squash. 

SQUAT (skwot), v. i. To sit close to the ground; 
to sit upon the hams and heei£ ; to settle on an- 
other's land without pretense or title. 

SQUAT, n. The posture of sitting on the hams. 

SQUAT, a. Cowering ; short ; thick ; sitting on the 
hams and heels. 

SQUAT'TER (skwot'ter), n. One who squats or 
settles on new land without title. 

SQUAW, n. An Indian name of a woman or wife. 

SQUeAK (skweek), v. i. To utter a sharp, shrill 
sound, usually of short duration. 

SQUEAK, n. A shrill sound uttered suddenly. 

SQUEAL (skweel), v. i. To cry with a shrill sound. 

SQUeAM'ISH, a. Easily disgusted ; nice to excess 
in taste ; fastidious, which see. 

SQUeAM'ISH-LY, ad.' Fastidiously; with too 
much niceness. 

SQUeAM'ISH-NESS, n. Excessive niceness; fas- 
tidiousness; vicious delicacy of taste ; excessive 
scrupulousness. 

SQUEEZE, v. t. To press close ; to oppress with 
hardships, burdens, and taxes ; to embrace close- 
ly ; to force between close bodies. 

SQUEEZE,,?;, i. To press; to urge one's way; to 
pass by pressing or squeezing; to crowd. 

SQUEEZE, n. Close compression between bodies ; 
a close hug or embrace ; pressure. 

SQUIB, n. A little pipe or cylinder filled with com- 
bustible matter, thrown up in the air, and burst- 
ing with a cracking noise; a cracker; a severe 
speech or little censorious writing published ; a 
petty lampoon. 

SQUIB, v. t. To throw squibs, or utter or publish 
sarcastic remarks. 



dove, wolf, dook; eule, bull; vi"cious. — « as k; g as j ; s as z; en as sn; mis. +■ Sot English. 



SQU 



438 



STA 



SQUILL, n. A plant like an onion; a crustaceous 
sea-animal, the sea-onion : an insect. 

SQUINT, a. Looking obliquely; looking with 
suspicion; n. an oblique look; act or habit of 
squinting. 

SQUINT, v. i. or v. t. To have the axes of the 
eyes directed to different objects ; to look oblique- 
ly; to deviate from a true line. 

SQUINT'-EyE (i), n. An eye that squints. 

SQUIRE, n. A title of a magistrate ; an attend- 
ant ; the title customarily given to gentlemen. 

SQUIRE, v. t. To wait on ; to attend. 

SQUIRM (17), v. i. To wind, twist, and struggle; 
to climb by embracing and scrambling. [Johnson 
writes it swarm.] 

SQUiR'REL (skwer'rel or skwiir'rel), n. A small 
rodent quadruped having a long, bushy tail, and 
remarkable for agility. 

SQULRT, v. t. To eject, as a fluid from a pipe. 

SQUiRT, n. An instrument to eject liquids. 

STAB, v. i. To give a wound with a pointed weap- 
on ; v. t. to pierce with a pointed instrument ; to 
injure secretly or by malicious falsehood. 

STAB, n. A wound with a pointed instrument; a 
secret injury bv slander, &c. 

•J-STA'BAT Ma'TER, n. [L.] A celebrated Latin 
hymn beginning with these words. 

STAB'BER. n. One that stabs; a privy murderer. 

STA-BiL'I-MENT, n. Act of making firm; firm 
support. 

STA-BtL'I-TY, 11. Fixedness of aim or purpose; 
constancy ; firmness. 

STa'BLE, a. Firmly established; steady in pur- 
pose ; durable ; not easily surrendered or aban- 
doned. 

STa'BLE, n. A house or shed for beasts. 

STa'BLE, v. t. To put or keep in a stable ; v. i. 
to dwell or lodge in a stable. 

STa'BLING, n. Stables in general; the act or 
practice of keeping cattle in a stable. 

STa'BLY, ad. In a firm manner; fixedly; stead- 
ily. 

*STA€-€X'TO (sta-ka'to). [/«.] In music, a short, 
distinct, articulate style; opposed to legato. 

STACK, n. A large pile, as of hay or grain ; a 
number of funnels or chimneys standing togeth- 
er ; a stack of arms consists of muskets set up 
with the bayonets crossing each other. 

STACK, v. t. To pile in a heap. 

STAD'DLE, 11. A small tree or forest-tree ; a sup- 
port or standard. 

STa'DI-UM, n.; pi. Sta'pi-a. A Greek measure 
of nearly G07 English feet; one eighth of a Ro- 
man mile ; a race-course. 

STADT'lloLD-ER (-tilt'-), n. Formerly the chief 
magistrate of the United Provinces of Holland. 

STAFF, n. ; 2>l- Staffs or Staves. A stick for 
support or defense; any thing that serves as a 
stay or prop ; the pole of a flag, &c. ; five lines 
and spaces in music ; certain officers in an army 
attached to the general's person or to departments 
of the service. 

STAG, n. The male reef deer; a male ox. 

STagE, n. Properly, one step or degree of eleva- 
tion ; a floor or platform of any kind ; the thea- 
ter; theatrical representations; place of action 
or performance; the distance between two places 
of rest on a road; a single step; degree of ad- 
vance ; a stage-coach. 

STAgE'-COACH, ii. A coach that runs regularly 
between certain places to convey passengers. 

STAgE'-PLAY-ER, n. An actor of plays. 

STag'ER, n. One that has long acted on the 
stage of life ; a practitioner ; a person of cunning. 

STAG'GARD, n. A stag of four years old. 

STAG'GER, v. i. To reel in walking ; to hesitate ; 
to begin to doubt and waver in purpose ; to begin 
to give way. 

STAG'GER*, n. pi. A disease of horses in which 
they fall suddenly; apoplexy of animals. 



STag'ING (stti jing), n. A structure of posts and 
boards for support, as for building. 

STAg'I-RITE, n. An appellation given to Aristo- 
tle, from Stagira, the place of his birth. 

STAG'NAN-C Y, n. State of being without motion 
or flow. 

STAG'NANT, a. Not flowing; motionless; still. 

STAG'NaTE, v. i. To cease to flow; to be motion- 
less. 

STAG-Na'TION, ii. Cessation or absence of mo- 
tion. 

STaID (stade), a. Noting stability; not wild, fan- 
ciful, or flighty. — Syn. Sober; grave; sedate. 

STAID'NESS, n, The quality of steadiness ; so- 
briety; gravity. 

ST AlN, v. t. To discolor by the application of for- 
eign matter; to spot or tinge; to impress with 
figures in colors different from the ground-work ; 
to mark with guilt or infamy.— Syn. To blot; 
discolor; dye; sully; soil; taint; pollute. 

STaIN, n. A discoloration from foreign matter; 
a natural spot of a different color from the rest; 
taint of guilt; cause of reproach. — Syn. Blot; 
spot; blemish; tarnish; disgrace; infamy. 

STaIN'ER, 11. One who stains or colors; a dyer, 

STaIN'LESS, a. Free from stain or reproach. 

STAIR (4), n. A step for ascending. Stairs, in 
the 'plural, a series of steps. Pair of staiis, see 
Pa in. 

STAIR'-€aSE, n. The place in a building for 
stairs. 

STAKE, n. A small piece of wood or timber, sharp- 
ened at one end, to be sot in the ground or else- 
where as support ; the post to which martyrs were 
secured ; hence, figuratively, martyrdom ; a post 
in general ; money, &c, pledged or wagered ; a 
small anvil. 

STAKE, v. t. To fasten, support, defend, or mark 
off by stakes ; to wager or put at hazard ; to pierce 
with a stake. 

STA-LA€"TI€, \ a. Resembling an icicle; per- 

STA-La€'TI€-AL,J taining to stalactite. 

STA-LAC'TiTE, n. A pendent cone or concretion 
of carbonate of lime, in form of an icicle. 

STAL-A€-T1T'I€, a. Of the form of an icicle ; 
pertaining to stalactites. 

STA-LAG'MITE, n. A deposit of earthy or calca- 
reous matter made by water impregnated with 
carbonate of lime, &c, in dropping on the floor 
of a cavern. 

STAL-AG-MlT'I€, a. Having the form of a sta- 
lagmite. 

STALE, a. Vapid and tasteless from age ; worn 
out; common. 

STaLE, n. Something used to decoy, as a stool- 
pigeon ; a long handle ; the urine of cattle. 

STaLE, v. t. To make vapid or useless ; to destroy 
the life or beauty of. 

STaLE, v. i. To discharge urine, as beasts. 

STaLE'NESS, 11. The state of being stale or vap- 
id ; oldness; commonness. 

STALK (stawk), n. Stem of a plant ; a proud step. 

STALK (stawk), v. i. To walk with a proud step; 
to strut; to walk behind cover, as to stalk deer, 
&c. 

STALK'ER (stawk'er), n. One who walks with a 
proud step; a hunter, as a deerstalker. 

STALKTNG-HoRSE (stawk'-), n. A horse, real 
or artificial, to conceal a fowler from his game ; 
hence, a pretense ; disguise. 

STALK'Y, a. Resembling a stalk. 

STALL (stawl), n. A stand or place in a stable 
where horses, &c, are kept and fed; a frame of 
shelves or bench in the open air where things are 
exposed for sale ; a shed where some business is 
carried on ; the seat of a clergyman in the choir 
of a cathedral. 

STALL, v. t. To keep in a stable; to put into a 
stable; to install; to set, to fix; to plunge into 
mire, so as not to be able to proceed. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; tuere, term; marine, bird; move, 



STA 



439 



STA 



STALI/A&E, n. Rent paid for a stall in a fair. 

STALI/-FeD, a. Fed or fattened in a stable. 

STALL'-FEED, v. t. To feed or fatten in a sta- 
ble. 

STALL'ION (stal'yun), n. A male horse not cas- 
trated, and used for raising stock. 

STAL'WART (stol'wort), a. Possessing strength 
and bravery; bold; strong; daring. 

STa'MEN, n. ; pi. Sta'mens, Stam'i-na. In & gen- 
eral sense, usually in the plural, the fixed, firm 
part of a body ; whatever constitutes the strength 
of a thing ; in botany, the organ of Mowers for the 
preparation of the pollen or fecundating dust. 

STAM'I-NA, n., pi. of Stamen. 

STAM'I-NAL, \ a. Consisting in stamens or 

STAM'I-NATE,f stamina. 

STA-MIN'E-OUS, a. Consisting in or pertaining 
to stamens. 

STAM'MER, v. i. Literally, to stop in uttering 
syllables or words ; to hesitate or falter in speak- 
ing; hence, to speak with difficulty. 

STAM'MER, v. t. To pronounce with hesitation or 
imperfectly. 

STAM'MER-ER, n. One who hesitates in speaking. 

STAM'MER-ING, n. The act of hesitating in 
speech. 

STAM'MER-ING-LY, ad. With hesitation. 

STAMP, v. t. To strike or beat forcibly with the 
bottom of the foot; to impress with some mark 
or figure ; to fix deeply ; to coin money ; to crush 
ore, &c. 

STAMP, v. i. To strike the foot forcibly down. 

STAMP, n. An instrument for impressing a mark , 
thing stamped ; a legal mark ; character of rep- 
utation; make; cast; form; authority; a pound- 
er or pestle. 

STAMP'-A€T, n. An act of the British Parlia- 
ment, imposing a duty on paper and parchment 
used in the American colonies, and declaring 
writing on unstamped materials to be null and 
void. 

STAM-PeDE', n. A sudden fright of cattle, lead- 
ing them to run away ; hence, a rush of persons 
from a place. 

STAMP'ER, n. An instrument for pounding. 

STANCH, v. i. To stop, as blood ; to cease to flow ; 
V. t. to stop, as a flowing of blood. 

STANCH, a. Firm ; sound ; fixed in principle ; 
constant; close. 

STANCH'ER, n. He or that which checks the 
flowing of blood. 

STAN'cIIION (stan 'shun), n. A small post ; a prop 
or support. 

STANCH'LESS, a. That can not be stopped. 

STANCH'NESS, n. Firmness of principle ; sound- 
ness. 

STAND, v. t. or v. i. [pret. and pp. Stood.] To be 
on the feet; not to sit or lie; to be erect, as a 
tree; to be on its foundation; not to be over- 
thrown or demolished ; to be in a pai-ticular 
place; to stop or halt; to continue or endure; to 
be fixed, not vacillating; to resist or defend; to 
be a candidate ; to hold on a course ; to endure. 

STAND, v. t. To endure; to sustain. 

STAND, n. A point of stopping ; a place at which 
one stands ; an erection for spectators at a horse- 
race ; a small table ; a point of rank, &c. A 
stand of arms is a musket with its usual append- 
ages. — Svn. Stop; halt; rest; obstruction; hes- 
itation ; difficulty. 

STANDARD, n. A staff with a flag or colors; a 
rule or criterion by which things are tried ; a 
standing tree or stem ; a. serving as a test or 
criterion, as standard weight, &c. 

STAND'ARD-BEAR-ER, n. An ensign or cornet. 

STaND'ING, a. Established; permanent; not 
flowing ; n. continuance ; possession of an office ; 
station. 

STAND'ISH, n. A case to hold pens and ink. 

STAND'POINT, n. A position ; a point from 



which a view is taken or a subject contemplated. 
[Recently introduced from the German.] 

STANG, n. A long bar; pole; shaft. 

STAN'HoPE, n. A light two-wheeled carriage, 
without a top, named from Lord Stanhope. 

STAN'NA-RY, n. A tin mine; a. relating to tin, 

STAN'NIC, a. Pertaining to tin. 

STAX'ZA, n. ; pi. Stan'zas. A series of lines in a 
poem or hymn, having a certain arrangement 
which is repeated again and again. 

STAN-Za'IC, a. Consisting in stanzas. 

STa'PLE (sta'pl), n. The principal commodity or 
production of a country or district; the thread or 
pile of wool, flax, and cotton ; a bent piece of iron 
to hold a hook, &c. ; more rarely, a market for 
goods. 

STa'PLE, a. Established; chief; principal. 

STAR, n. An apparently small, luminous body in 
the heavens, that shines in the dark ; the figure 
of a star, or a radiated figure, used as a badge of 
office or in printing ; a person of brilliant quali- 
ties, as a theatrical star. 

STAR, v. t. To set or adorn with stars. 

STAR'BoARD, n. The right side of a ship when 
one stands with his face to the head or prow. 

STARCH, n. A white farinaceous substance used 
to stiffen cloth. 

STARCH, v. t. To stiffen with starch. 

STARCH, a. Having the quality or character of 
stiffness ;_precise; rigid. 

STAR'-CH aM-BER, n. Formerly, a court of crim- 
inal jurisdiction in England. 

STAKC112?D (stiircht), a. Stiff; precise; formal. 

STARCH'ED-NESS, n. Stiffness in manner. 

STARCH'ER, n. One who starches. 

STARCH'LY, ad. With formal stiffness. 

STARCH'NESS, n. Stiffness of manner; precise- 
ness. 

STARCH'Y, a. Stiff; consisting of starch. 

STARE (4), v. i. To look with fixed eyes wide 
open ; to fasten an earnest look on some object ; 
to gaze, which see ; v. t. to influence by staring, 
as to stare one out of countenance. 

STARE, n. A fixed look with the eyes wide open ; 
a bird. 

STAR'ER^ra. An eager gazer. 

STAR'-GAZ-ER, n. One who observes the stars. 

STAR'-GaZ'ING, n. The act of looking^much at 
the stars. [ly ; absolutely. 

STARK, a. Complete; mere; absolute; ad. whol- 

STAR'LESS, a. Having no stars visible. 

STAR'-LlGHT (-lite), n. Light proceeding from 
the stars ; a. enlightened by the stars. 

STXR'-LIKE, a. Resembling the stars. 

STAR'LING, n. A genus of birds. 

STaR'RY, a. Adorned with stars ; like stars. 

STAR'-SHOOT, n. Something shot from a mete- 
or ; a meteor that falls. 

START, v. i. To move suddenly; to shrink; to 
set out ; to start up ; to rise suddenly, as into no- 
tice. 

START, v. t. To alarm or disturb suddenly, as 
game; to bring into motion, as to start a ma- 
chine; to dislocate, as to start a bone from its 
place ; to empty, as to start a cask. 

START, n. A sudden motion of the body; excite- 
ment to action; first movement from a place; a 
projection; a horn. — Syn. Spring; impulse. 

START'ER, n. One that starts or rouses. 

START'FUL, a. Apt to start; skittish. 

START'FUL-NESS, n. Aptness to start. 

START'ING-PoST, n. A post from which com- 
petitors in a race begin the contest. 

START'ISH, a. Apt to start. 

START'LE (stiir'tl), v. t. To alarm suddenly; to 
impress with fear. 

START'LE, v. i. To shrink ; to move suddenly or 
be excited on feeling a sudden alarm. 

START'LE (-tiir'tl), n. A sudden motion or shock 
occasioned by an unexpected alarm or danger. 



dove, wolf, hook.; eule, HULL; vfcious. — € as k : g as j; s as z ; ch as su ; mis. + JS'ot English. 



STA 



440 



STE 



STXRT'UP, n. An upstart; a kind of shoe. 

STaR-Va'TION, n. The act of suffering or perish- 
ing from hunger. 

STARVE, v. i. To suffer or perish with hunger or 
cold ; to endure extreme hunger or want; to be 
very indigent. 

STARVE, v. t, To kill with hunger ; to subdue by 
famine ; to destroy by want ; to kill with cold. 

STaRVE'LING, n. lie or that which is lean from 
hunger; a. hungry; pining with want. 

STaTE, n. Literally, the standing or position of 
a thing, as the state of the country; a body pol- 
itic or commonwealth ; dignity or appearance of 
grandeur, as to ride in state; the States- General' 
are the legislative body in some countries. — Syn. 
Situation ; condition. — State (from sto, to stand) 
is generic ; the situation of a thing is its state in 
reference to external objects and influences; its 
condition is its internal state, or what it is in it- 
self considered. Our situation is good or bad as 
outward things bear favorably or unfavorably 
upon us; our condition is good or bad, according 
to the state we are actually in as respects our per- 
sons, families, property, and other things which 
comprise our sources of enjoyment. 

STaT E, v. t. To express in words or writing ; to 
represent. [tied. 

STaT'ED, a. Occurring at regular times; set- 

STaT'ED-LY, ad. At regular periods. 

STaTE'LI-NESS, n. Grandeur; loftiness of mien 
or manner ; affectation of dignity. 

STaTE'LY, a. Having the quality of grandeur or 
dignity; elevated in sentiment; august; majes- 
tic; ad. with pomp; majestically. 

STaTE'MENT, n. Act of stating ; account of par- 
ticulars ; a series of facts or particulars expressed 



STaTE'-ROOM, n. A magnificent room ; an apart- 
ment for lodging in a ship's cabin. 

STATES, n. pi. Nobility. 

STaTES'MAN, n. ; pi. States'men. One skilled 
in the art of government; a politician. 

STaTES MAN-SHlP, n. The qualifications or em- 
ployments of a statesman. 

STAT'IO, X a. Pertaining to bodies at rest or 

STaT'I€-AL,J in equilibrium; resting; acting 
by mere weight. 

STaT'ICS, n. pi. The science which treats of the 
forces which keep bodies at ret. 

STa'TION (stii'shun), n. The act or place of 
standing; post or office assigned or occupied; 
rank in society ; a military post ; the post or ren- 
dezvous of a police; a stopping-place on rail- 
ways to receive passengers, &c. — Syn. Depot. — It 
is unfortunate that, in America, the stopping- 
places on our railways first received the name of 
depot — a gross misapplication of the term, since 
it means simply a store-house or magazine. In 
England the name has always been " station" or 
"station-house ;" and there is now a strong tend- 
ency to adopt this in America as the only proper 
word. 

STa'TION, V. t To fix in a certain place. 

STa'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a station. 

STa'TION-A-RY, a. Fixed in a place; settled; 
not moving. 

STa'TION-ER, n. One who sells paper, quills, &c. 

STa'TION-ER-Y, n. Articles usually sold by a 
stationer, as paper, quills, &c. 

STA-TiST'I€, X a. Pertaining to the civil con- 

STA-TiST'I€-AL,j dition of a people. 

STAT-IS-Ti"CIAN (-tish'un), n. A person who is 
familiar with the science of statistics. 

STA-TiST'I€S, n. pi. A collection of facts re- 
specting the civil condition of a people. 

STa'TIVE, a. Pertaining to a fixed camp. 

STAT'u-A-RY (stafyu-), n. Art of carving im- 
ages ; a branch of sculpture ; a carver. 

STAT'uE (stut'yu), v. t. To place as a statue; to 
form a statue of. 



STaT'uE, n. An image of metal, wood, or stone. 

STAT'uRE (stat'yur), n. The natural height of an 
animal, as man. 

+STa'TUS, n. [L.] The state or condition of a 
thing, as status contr over sice, the state of the con- 
troversy. 

STAT'uT-A-BLE, a. Made by or conformable to 
statute. 

STaT'uTE (stat'yute), n. A law enacted by a 
Legislature, requiring or prohibiting something; 
a special act of the supreme power. See Law. 

STaT'u-TO-RY, a. Established by statute. 

STaUNCH. See Stanch. 

STaVE, n. ; pi. Staves. A thin piece of timber 
for making casks ; a staff or part of a psalm. 

STaVE, v. t. {.pret. and pp. Stove or Staved.] 
Primarily, to thrust through with a staff; hence, 
to break a hole into or burst; to push with a 
staff, with off; to pour out or suffer to run out by 
breaking, as to stave casks ; to delay. 

STaY (sta), v. i. Ipret. Staid or Stayed.] To re- 
main ; to stand still ; to continue in a place ; to 
stop ; to rely ; to confide in ; to trust. 

STaY (sta), v. t. To hold from proceeding ; to re- 
strain; to support' or prop up; to sustain. 

STaY (sta), n. Continuance in a place ; abode for 
an indefinite time; stop or cessation of motion; 
prop or support; moderation; in seamanship, 
stays implies the act of going about with shift- 
ing of the sails; to miss stays is to fail in at- 
tempting to tack. 

STaY/~LaCE, n. Lace for fastening stays. 

STaYS (staze), n. pi. A bodice or waistcoat for 
femalesj station; fixed anchorage; any support. 

STaY'-SaIL. (sta'-siile), n. Any sail extended on 
a stay. 

STeAD (stud), n. Place; room which another had 
or might have ; the frame on which a bed is 
laid. 

STEAD'FAST (sted'fast), a. Firm ; constant; res- 
olute; not wavering or fickle. 

STeAD'FAST-LY, ad. With constancy or stead- 
iness of mind ; firmly. 

STeAD'FAST-NESS, n. Firmness of standing; 
fixedness of principle; resolution. 

STEAD'I-LY (sted'de-ly), ad. With firmness. 

STEAD'I-NESS, n. Firmness of standing or posi- 
tion; consistent, uniform conduct; constancy. 

STeAD'Y (sted'dy), a. Firm in standing or posi- 
tion; constant in purpose, direction, or pursuit. 
— Syn. Fixed ; regular ; undeviating ; stable ; con- 
stant; uniform. 

STeAD'Y, v. t. To hold or keep firm. 

STEaK (stake), n. A slice of beef, pork, venison, 
&c, broiled or cut for broiling. 

STEAL (-teel), v. t. [pret. Stole; pp. Stole, Sto- 
len.] To take unlawfully ; to convey away clan- 
destinely; to win by address or imperceptible 
means, as to steal the affections. — Syn. To filch ; 
pilfer; purloin. 

STEAL, v. i. To withdraw or pass privily; to ab- 
scond; to practice theft; to take feloniously. 

STeAL'ER, n. One that steals ; a thief. 

STEALTH (stclth), n. Act of stealing ; secret act ; 
clandestine practice ; unperceived means employ- 
ed to gain an object. 

STeALTH'FUL, a. Given to stealth. 

STEALTH'FUL-NESS (stelth'-), n. State of being 
stealthful. 

STEALTH'I-LY, ad. By stealth. 

STEALTH 'Y, a. Done by stealth; clandestine; 
unperceived. 

STeAM, n. The vapor of water, or the elastic flu- 
id generated by heating water to the boiling 
point ; the mist formed by condensed vapor. 

STeAM, v. t. or v. i. To expose to steam ; to rise 
in vapor ; to pass off in vapor. 

STeAM'-BoAT, X n. A vessel propelled by 

STEAM'-VES-SEL,f steam. 

STeAM'-BOIL-ER, n. A boiler for converting 



I, e, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, hied; move, 



STE 



441 



STE 



■water into steam for supplying a steam-engine or 
some purpose in dome-tic economy. 

STeAM'-EXgiXE (-en-jiii), iu An engine work- 
ed by steam. 

STEAM'ER. n. A vessel propelled by steam; a 
ves-el ased in washing and cookery. 

STeAM'-GaUgE, 7i. A contrivance for indicat- 
ing the pre -sure within a steam-boiler. 

STeAM'-PACK-ET, n. A packet or vessel propel- 
led by steam. 

STE'A-TiTE, n. Soapstone ; a variety of talc which 
i- unctuous to the touch. 

STED'FAST. See Steadfast. 

STEED, n. A horse ; a horse for state or war. 

STEEL, n. Iron combined with a small but defi- 
nite amount of carbou, used in making a variety 
of instruments; figuratively, weapons; particu- 
larly, offensive weapons ; extreme hardness. 

STEEL, v. t. To harden ; to edge with steel. 

STE EL' Y. a. Made of steel ; firm ; hard. 

STEEL'YARD, n. An instrument for weighing. 

STEEP, a. Sloping downward ; greatly inclined. 

STEEP, n. A precipitous place ; hill or mountain. 

STEEP, v. t To soak in a liquid ; to macerate. 

STEEPLER, n. A vat to steep things in. [West 
Indies.'] 

STEE'PLE (stC-'pl)i n - A turret or spire of a church. 
It differs from a tower, which usually ends in a 
square form, though the name is sometimes given 
to a tower. 

STEEP'LY, ad. "With steepness. 

STEEP'XESS, n. Steep descent; precipitousness. 

STEEP'Y, a. Having steep declivitv. 

STEER, n. A young male of the ox kind. 

STEER, v. t. To direct or govern, particularly the 
motion of a vessel by the helm. 

STEER, v. i. To be" directed and governed ; to 
conduct one's self; to pursue a course or wav. 

STEER'AgE, n. The act of directing a ship by 
the helm, or the manner in which a ship obeys 
her lielm ; a part of a ship for an inferior class of 
passengers; that by which a course is directed. 

STEERS'MAN, n. One who steers a ship. 

STEEVE, v. i. To make an angle with the hori- 
zon or with the line of a vessel's keel. 

STEG-A-XoG'RA-PHY, n. Art of writing in ci- 
phers. 

It1l'l1 P RY,} a - Pertaining to stars. 

STeL'LATE, a. Resembling a star; radiated. 

STEL-LtF'ER-OUS, a. Abounding with stars. 

STEL'LI-FORM, a. Being in the form of a star. 

STeL'LU-LAR. a. Shaped like little stars. 

STE-LoG'RA-PHY, n. Art of inscribing or writ- 
ing characters on pillars. 

STEM, n. The main body of a #ee or other plant ; 
the stock of a family; in a ship, a piece of tim- 
ber at the fore end. 

STEM, v. t. To oppose or make progress against, 
as a current ; to stop. 

STENCH, n. An offensive smell. 

STEX'CIL, n. A piece of thin leather, &c, u=ed 
in painting walls to imitate paper : the pattern is 
cut out, and the colors applied through the per- 
foration; in general, an open-work pattern over 
which colors are passed by a brush. 

STEX'CIL, v. t. To paint or color with stencils. 

STEX-oG'RA-PHER, n. A writer in short hand. 

STEX-0-GRaPH'I€, \a. Expressing in char- 

STEX-O-GRAPH'IC-AL. j acters or short hand. 

STE-XoG'EA-PH Y, n. The act of writing in short 
hand. 

STeXT'OR, n. A herald spoken of by Homer who 
had a very loud voice ; hence, a person having a 
powerful voice. 

STEX-To'RI-AX. a. Like Stentor; very loud. 

STEP, v. i. or v. t. To move the feet; to advance 
or recede by moving the feet; v. t. to set, as the 
foot; to erect a ma-t. 

STEP, n. An advance or movement made by one 



removal of the foot ; a pace ; an ascent, as of one 
6tair; footprint; a proceeding, as take a step ; 
round of a ladder; manner of walking; gait; the 
block on which a mast or shaft rests. 

STeP'-BRGTH-ER (-bruth-er), n. A brother-in- 
law or by marriage. 

STeP'-CUiLD. n. A son or daughter-in-law. 

STeP'-Fa-THER, n. A father-in-law; a father 
bv marriage only. 

STeP'-MoTH-ER (-muth'er), n. A mother by 
marriage. 

STEPPE (step), n. A vast uncultivated plain in 
Asia. 

S"TeP'PIXG-SToNE, n. A stone to raise the feet 
above the mud ; hence, a means of advancement. 

STEP'-SGX, n. A son-in-law. 

STeP'-SToXE, n. A stone before a door to rise 
on. 

STER, in composition, is from the Saxon steora, a 
director, as in the L. minister, chief servant 

STER-€0-Ra'CEOUS (-ra'shus), a. Relating to 
dung. 

STER-€0-Ra'TIOX, n. The act of manuring 
with dung. 

STE-RE-0-GRaPH'I€, a. Pertaining to stereog- 
raphv. 

STE-RE-oG'RA-PHY, n. The art of delineating 
the forms of solid bodies on a plane. 

STE-RE-OM'E-TRY, n. Art of measuring solid 
bodies. 

STe'RE-0-S€oPE, n. An optical instrument 
adapted to both eyes for combining two corre- 
sponding pictures or projections of an object so 
as to exhibit it in relief, or as the object itself 
would appear to each eye respectively. 



Relating to the stereo- 
Art of cutting solids into 



STE-RE-O-S€0P'I€, 
scope. 

STE-RE-oT'O-MY, n. 
figures. 

STe'RE-O-TyPE, n. Fixed, immovable type; 
hence, a plate of fixed or solid metallic types for 
printing books; the art of making plates'of fixed 
metallic tvpes for printing books. 

STe'RE-O-TTPE, a. Done on fixed types; per- 
taining to fixed metallic types. 

STe'RE-O-TTPE, v. t To" form or compose in 
fixed types. 

STe'RE-O-TTP-ER, n. One who makes stereo- 
tvpes. 

STE-RE-O-TY-PoG'RA-PHY, n. Printing in ste- 
reotype. 

STeR'iLE, a. Not producing crops; not produc- 
ing young; barren; unfruitful. " 

STE-RiL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of pro- 
ducing little or nothing. — Syn. Barrenness; un- 
fruitfulness. 

STeR'LIXG (13), n. English money; standard. 

STeR'LIXG, a. Xoting English money ; genuine ; 
pure ; of excellent quality. 

STeRX, n. The hinder part of a ship or other 
vessel; post of management ; direction. 

STeRX, a. Severe in look ; harsh ; rigid. 

STeR'XAL, a. Relating to the breast-bone. 

STeRX'-CHaSE, \ n. A gun to fire from the 

STeRX'-CHaS-ER,j stern. 

STeRX' LY, ad. In a severe manner ; harshly. 

STeRX'MOST, a. Furthest in the rear; furthest 
astern. 

STERX'XESS, n. The quality of harshness; se- 
verity: moroseness. 

STkRN'-PuST, n. A piece of timber erected on 
the extremity of the keel to support the helm. 

STER'XUM.ji" The breast-bone. 

STER-N U-Ta'TION, n. The act of sneezing. 

STER-Xu'TA-'l iVE. a. Causing to sneeze. 

STER-NuTA-TO-RY, 7i. That which provokes 
Wheezing; a. exciting sneezing. 

STeRX '-WaY, n. The movement of a ship back- 
ward or with her stern foremost. 

STfiRTO-ROUS, a. Breathing heavily ; snoring. 



dove, -wolf, book: eule, bull; 



'cious. — c as k; <i as j; s as z; cuassu; ti:is. + Sot English. 



STE 



442 



STI 



STeTII'O-SCoPE, n. [ft-.] An instrument used 
to distinguish sounds in the thorax. 

STeVE, v. t. To stow, as in a ship's hold. [Lo- 
cal.] 

STe'VE-DoRE, n. One whose occupation is to 
load or unload vessels in port. 

STEW (.23) (stu), v. t. To seethe or to boil gently j 
v. i. to be seethed in a slow, gentle manner. 

STEW (stu), n. Meat stewed; a hot-house; a 
brothel; confusion. 

STEWARD (stu'ard), n. A man -who manages 
the concerns of another's household, estate, &c. ; 
an officer of state. [ard. 

STEW'ARD-SHIP (stu'-), n. The office of a stew- 

STIB'I-AL, a. Pertaining to antimony. 

STl€H (stik), n. A verse in poetry. 

STICK, n. A small or short piece of wood ; cer- 
tain instruments, as the composing-stick of print- 
ers. 

STICK, v. t. Ipret. and pp. Stuck.] To cause to 
enter, as a pointed instrument ; to pierce ; to fast- 
en by piercing, as to stick a pin ; to fix in or on, 
as in a place or on a point. 

STiCK, v. i. To adhere by cleaving to the sur- 
face ; to be closely united to ; to be impeded, as 
to stick in the mud ; to hesitate or cause embar- 
rassment. 

STiCK'I-NESS, n. The quality of adhering. 

STICK'LE (stik'kl), v. i. To strive or contend. 

STICK'LER, n. One who takes part earnestly; 
an obstinate contender about any thing. 

STICK'Y, a. Being viscous; glutinous; adhesive. 

STI FF, a. Not easily bent ; stubborn ; rigid ; not 
liquid; formal. 

STiFF'.EN (stlf'fn), v. t or v. i. To make or be- 
come stiff. 

STIFF'LY, ad. With inflexibility; stubbornly; 
inflexibly; rigidly. 

STIFF'-NECKii'D (-nekt), a. Stubborn; obsti- 
nate. 

STIFF'NESS, n. Want of pliability; obstinacy. 

STi'FLE (stl'fl), v. t. To stop the breath, as with 
smoke ; to extinguish, as to stifle a fire with ash- 
es; to suppress, as to stifle a report; to check or 
destroy, as to stifle convictions. 

STI'FLE, n. Joint of a horse next to the buttock ; 
a disease in the knee-pan of an animal. 

STIG'MA, n.; pi. Stig'mas; Lat.pl. Stig'ma-ta. 
A brand, as one made by a burning iron ; any 
mark of infamy; in botany, the top of the pistil. 

STIG-MAT'IC, \a. Marked with a stigma ; 

STIG-MaT'I€-AL,/ impressing with infamy. 

STIG'MA-TiZE, v. t. To mark with infamy. 

STiG'O-NO-MAN-CY, n. Divination by writing 
on the bark of a tree. 

STILE, n. A pin on the face of a dial ; set of steps 
for passing over a fence or wall. 

STI-LfiT'TO, n. A small dagger; an instrument 
to make eyelet holes; v. t. to stab with a stiletto. 

STILL, v. t. To stop, as motion, noise, or agita- 
tion ; to appease or quiet, as tumult ; to distill 
liquors. 

STILL, a. Uttering no sound; calm; silent; mo- 
tionless ; undisturbed. 

STILL, ad. To this time ; nevertheless ; after that. 

STILL, n. A vessel or boiler for distillation; 
calm ; silence ; freedom from noise [used in po- 
etry]. 

STIL-LA-TI"TIOUS (stil-la-tish'us), a. Falling 
in drops ; drawn by a still. 

STIL'LA-TO-RY, n. An alembic; laboratory. 

STILL'-B6RN, a. Dead at the birth; abortive. 

STILL'ING, n. Act of calming, silencing, or qui- 
eting ; a stand for casks. 

STILL'-LIFE, n. In painting, things destitute of 
animal life, as dead animals, vegetables. A pic- 
ture of still-life is one representing such things. 

STILL'NESS, n. Freedom from noise or motion; 
calm; quietness; silence. 

STILL'Y, ad. Calmly; quietly; without tumult. 



STILT, n. A piece of wood with a rest for the 
foot, used in pairs for walking above the ground. 

STILT, v. t. To raise on stilts ; to elevate ; to raise 
by unnatural means. 

STiM'O-LANT, a. Tending to excite action. 

STIM'u-LANT, n. An article which produces a 
quickly-diffused and transient increase. of vital 
energy; _that which tends to excite to action. 

STIM'u-LaTE, v. t. Literally, to prick or goad; 
hence, to excite or rouse to action, either vital or 
intellectual. 

STIM-u-La'TION, n. Act of exciting; increased 
action in the body. 

STiM'u-LA-TIVE, n. That which stimulates; a. 
tending to excite action. 

STiM'0-La-TOR, n. He or that which excites. 

STIM'u-LUS, n.; pi. Stim'u-lT. [X,.] Something 
that increases action in the animal system. 

STING, v. t. Ipret. and pp. Stung.] To pierce 
with the sharp-pointed instrument that certain 
animals carry, as the bee, the scorpion, &c. ; to 
pain acutely, as remorse stings the conscience. 

STiNG, n. A sharp-pointed instrument with which 
certain animals are furnished, which they thrust 
into those they attack; the wound made by a 
sting; any thing that gives acute pain; the point 
of an epigram, &c. 

STING'ER, n. That which stings or vexes. 

STIN'gI-LY, ad. With mean covetousness. 

STIN'gI-NESS, n. Mean covetousness. 

STIN'gY (stin'jy), a. Meanly covetous; niggard- 
ly; avaricious; narrow-hearted [a low word], 

STINK, n. An offensive smell. 

STINK, v. i. Ipret. Stank, Stunk; pp. Stunk.] 
To emit an offensive smell. 

STINT, 7i. Quality or limit assigned; a certain 
task; restraint. 

STINT, v. t. To restrain within certain limits; to 
assign a certain task in labor. 

STINT'ER, n. He or that which stints. 

STlPE, n. A species of stem in a plant. 

STl'PEND, n. Settled pay for services; daily or 
monthly wages, or annual salary. 

STi-PeND'I-A-RY, a. Receiving a stipend; n. 
one who serves for a settled compensation by the 
day, month, or year. 

STIPT-TATE, a. Supported by a stipe. 

STIP'PLE (stlp'pl), v. t. To engrave by dots in 
distinction from lines. 

STIP'PLING, 7i. A mode of engraving and min- 
iature painting by means of dots. 

STIP'u-LA, \ 7i. A scale at the base of nascent pet- 

STIP'uLE, j ioles and peduncles. 

STIP'u-LAR, a. Formed of stipules or scales. 

STiP'u-LATE (stip'yu-late), a. Having stipules 
on it. 

STIP'O-LaTE, v. i. To make an agreement or 
covenant with persons to do or furbear some- 
thing ; to contract ; to bargain. 

STIP-u-La'TION, n. An agreement of contract. 

STIP'u-La-TOR, n. One who contracts. 

STiR (IT), v. t. To move or change place in any 
manner; to agitate or debate, as a question; to 
excite to action ; to quicken ; to disturb.— Syn. To 
move ; rouse ; animate ; provoke. 

STiR, v. i. To move one's self; to go or be car- 
ried ; to rise in the morning. 

STiR, n. Agitation or tumult; public disturb- 
ance or commotion. 

STiR'RER, n. One who stirs; an instigator. 

STIR'RUP (stur'rup or ster'rup), n. An iron, flat 
below and rounding above, fastened to a saddle, 
to assist the rider in mounting and preserving his 
seat ; a short rope fastened to a yard to sustain 
the foot-rope. 

STITCH, v. t. To sew loosely or slightly ; v. i. to 
practice stitching. 

STITCH, n. Single pass of a needle ; sharp pain ; 
the space between two double furrows in plowed 
ground ; a link of yarn. 



i, b, &c, long. — I, £, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; theue, teem; mabike, bikd; move, 



STI 



443 



STO 



STITCH'ES (stich'ez), n. pi. Sharp twinges of 
pain. 

STiTH'Y, n. A snvth's anvil. [Local] 

STIVER, n. A Dutch coin, about a cent in value. 

SToAK, v. t. In seamen's language, to choke. 

STOAT, n. An animal of the weasel kind; the 
ermine^ 

STOC-€aDE', n. A stab or thrust with a rapier; 
a fence or barrier made with stakes or posts 
planted in the earth. 

STOC-CaDE ',T v. t. To fortify with pointed 

STOCK-aDE',j stakes. 

STOCK, n. Primarily, that which is set or fixed ; 
hence (1.) a stem, or main body from which things 
branch out, as the stock of a tree, of an anchor, 
of a family, &c. ; (2.) that in which any thing is 
set or fixed, as gun-stock, stock and bits; an arti- 
cle worn round the neck : so the sto:ks are a 
frame in which a person is set for punishment, or 
on which a ship is built up ; (3.) a fixed or perma- 
nent source of supply, as a stock of goods, the 
stock of a farm ; money invested, a* property in 
the stocks; (4.) any thing fixed; solid and sense- 
less, as he stood like a stock. A stock play is one 
to be relied on a- of permanent interest. 

STOCK, v. t. To furnish or store, as a chop with 
goods, or a farm with cattle. 

STOCK-aDE ',) n. A sharpened stake or post; a 

STO€-€aDE', J line of posts for a barrier. 

STOCK'-BRo-KER, n. A broker dealing in 
stocks or shares in public funds. 

STOCK'-FjSH, n. Cjd dried hard without salt 

STOCK'HoLD-ER, n. One who owns stock or 
shares in any public funds. 

STOCK'ING, n. A covering for the leg and foot. 

STOCK'-JOB-BER, n. One who speculates in the 
funds, or who buys and sells stocks. 

STOCK'-JOB-BIXG-, n. The act or art of dealing 
in the public funds or stocks. 

STOCK'-STiLL, a. Still as a stock ; motionless. 

SToCK'Y, a. Thick ; stout and firm. 

STo'IC, n. One who affects insensibility to pain 
or passion ; a disciple of the philosopher Zeno. 

STo'IC, i a. Pertaining to stoicism ; unfeel- 

STOTC-AL, f ing. 

STo'I€-AL-LY, ad. In the manner of the Stoics. 

STo'I€-AL-XESS. n. The state of being stoical. 

STo'I-CI$M,n. System of the Stoics; insensibility. 

STo'KER, n. One who looks after the fire in a 
brewery or steamer. 

STo'LA, n. ; pi. Sto'l^e. A long garment descend- 
ing to the ankles, worn by Roman women. 

SToLE, n. A long vestment; a sucker. Groom 
of the stole, the first lord of the bed-chamber in 
the household of the King of England. 

STOL'IO, a. Manifesting dullness of intellect; 
foolish ; stnpid. [ity. 

STO-LID'I-TY, n. Dullness of intellect; stupid- 

STOM'ACH (stum'ak), n. The organ of digestion ; 
appetite. 

STOM'ACH (stum'ak), v. t. To brook or endure 
without resentment [to resent, Eng.~\. 

STOM'A-CHER (stum'a-cher), n. Something worn 
on the breast. 

ST6M'A€H-FUL, a. Loth to submit; sullen. 

STO-MA€H'I€, \ a. Tending to strengthen 

STO-Ma€H'I€-AL,| the stomach. 

STOM'A€H-LESS (stum'-), a. Being without ap- 
petite. 

STOMP. See Stamp. 

SToNE, n. A mass of concreted earthy or mineral 
matter ; a precious gem ; a calculous concretion 
in the kidneys or bladder; a testicle ; the nut of 
certain fruits, as the peach ; a denomination of 
weight, 14 pounds; a monument to the memory 
of the dead. See Rock. 

SToNE, a. Made of or like stone. 

SToNE, v. t. To pelt or kill with stones; to free 
from stones, as raisins ; to wall a hole with stones. 

SToXE'-BLLXD, a. Perfectly blind. 



SToXE'-€«>AL, n. Hard mineral coal. 

STONE'-tT T-THK, n. One who hews stone. 

SToXE'-FRCTT, n. Fruit that contains a stone, 
as peaches, cherries, &c. 

STOXE'-HORSE, n. A horse not castrated. 

SToN'ER, n. One who beats or kills with stones ; 
one who walls with stone. 

STOXE '-STILL, a. Motionless as a stone. 

SToXE'-YVaRE, n. A species of potter's ware. 

SToN'I-NESS, n. Abundance of stones; hardness. 

SToX'Y, a. Consisting of stones; full of stones; 
hard. 

STOOK, n. A collection of sheaves set up in the 
field. 

STOOL, n. A seat without a back ; a little form 
consisting of a board with three or four legs, in- 
tended as a seat for one person ; an evacuation ; 
the root or stem of a shrub when cut off near the 
ground. 

STOOP, v. i. To bend forward ; to descend from 
rank or dignity ; to come down on prey, as a 
hawk; to alight from the wing. — Syn. To lean; 
yield; submit; condescend; cower. 

STOOP, n. Act of bending forward or descending ; 
fall of a bird on his prey ; a porch of a door with 
steps; a vessel of liquor. 

STOP, v. t. To close, as an aperture, by filling or 
obstructing; to render impassable ; to check mo- 
tion or arrest progress ; to regulate musical notes. 
— Sy.n. To obstruct; impede; restrain; suppress; 
delay; intercept. 

STOP, v. i. To cease to go forward ; to cease from 
any motion or course of action. 

STOP, n. Cessation or hinderance of motion or 
action ; obstacle ; impediment ; the instrument 
which regulates the sounds in wind-music ; a 
point in writing or printing. 

STOP'-COCK, n. A pipe for letting out a fluid, 
stopped bv turning a cock. 

STOP'PAgE, n. State of being stopped. 

STOP'PER, n. That which closes or fills a hole or 
vent ; he or that which stops ; a short rope. 

STOP'PER, v. t. To secure with a stopper. 

STOP'PLE (stop'pl), n. That which is used to 
close a bottle. 

SToR'AgE, n. A putting in store; price of stor- 
ing. 

STo'RAX, n. An aromatic resin used in medicine 
as an expectorant. 

SToRE, n. A large quantity; a stock laid up or 
provided; a warehouse; in America, a place for 
the sale of goods. — Syn. Shop. — The English call 
the place where goods are sold (however large or 
splendid it may be) a shop, and confine the word 
store to its original meaning, viz., a warehouse 
or place where goods are stored. Our application 
of the word store to all places, except the lowest, 
where goods are sold, marks a tendency to " scale 
upward" in the use of terms which we have in 
common with the French, among whom boutique 
has, in like manner, given place to magasin as 
a place for the sale of goods. 

ST ORE, v. t. To furnish ; to supply abundance ; to 
replenish; to stock against a future time; to put 
away for preservation. 

SToRE'-HOUSE, n, A building for keeping goods 
of any kind : a warehouse or repository. 

STORES, n. pi. Arms, ammunition, provisions for 
sub^istence f aclofhing, &c. 

STOR'gE, n. Parental affection. 

STo'RI-ED (sto'rid), a. Having stories; adorned 
with historical paintings; related in story. 

STORK, n. A large fowl of the heron kind. 

STORM, n. Storm (from the root of stir) is violent 
agitation, a commotion of the elements by wind, 
&c, but not necessarily implying the fall of any 
thing from the clouds. Hence, to call a mere fall 
of rain without wind a storm (though common in 
this country) is a departure from the true sense 
of the word. A tempest (L. tempestas) is one of 



i>6ve, wolf, book; rule, bjjll; vi"cious. — o asK; <i as j; $ as z; ch as sji; this. * Xot Enyltilu 



STO 



444 



STR 



those sudden and violent storms common on -the 
coast of Italy, where the term originated, and 
usually attended by a deluge of rain, with light- 
ning and thunder. 

ST6RM (20), v. t. To enter by assault; to attack 
and attempt to take by scaling the Avails ; v. i. to 
raise a tempest; to rage ; to blow with violence. 

SToRM'-BEAT, a. Beaten or impaired by storms. 

SToRM'I-NESS, n. Tempestuousness; the state 
of being agitated by violent winds. 

SToRM'-SaIL, ii. A strong sail used in gales. 

SToRM'Y, a. Agitated with furious winds. 

*ST6RTH'ING (stort'ing), n. The Parliament of 
Norway, elected once in three years. 

STo'RY, n. A verbal narration of a series of 
facts; history; a tale; loft of a house. 

STo'RY, v. t. To tell in historical relation ; to re- 
late ; to describe. 

STo'RY-TeLL-ER, n. One who tells stories ; a 
narrator of a series of incidents. 

SToUP (stoop), n. A vessel for liquids. 

STOUT, a. Being strong or large ; thick-set ; brave; 
resolute. — Syn. Corpulent. — Stout, in our early 
writers (as in the English Bible), was used chiefly 
or wholly in the sense of strong or bold, as a stout 
champion, a stout heart, a stout resistance, &c. At 
a later period it was used for thickset or bulky ; 
and more recently, especially in England, the idea 
has been carried still further, so that Taylor says 
in his Synonyms, " The stout man (from stot, an 
ox) has "the proportions of an ox ; he is corpulent, 
fat, and fleshy in relation to his size. 11 Few in 
America, entirely drop the original sense ; and 
many among us who have read Washington Ir- 
ving' s story of the " Stout Gentleman" never sus- 
pected that he was merely a very fat man. 

STOUT, n. Strong malt liquor. 

STOUT'LY, ad. With strength; lustily; bravely. 

STOUT'NESS, n. The quality of strength ; brave- 
ry; resolution. 

SToVE, n. An iron box or cylinder in which fire 
is kept for warmth or culinary purposes. 

SToVE, v. t. To keep warm by means of artificial 
heat. 

STo'VER, n. Fodder for cattle. 

SToW (sto), v. t. To put in a suitable place or po- 
sition ; to lay up. 

SToW'AgE, n. Act of stowing; room for receiv- 
ing. 

STRa'BISM, \n. A squinting ; the act or hab- 

STRA-Bi$'MUS, > it of looking asquint. 

STRAD'DLE, v. t. or v. i. To walk wide ; to part 
the legs. 

STRAG'GLE, v. i. To wander from the direct 
course ; to ramble ; to rove. 

STRAG'GLER, 11. One who quits the way ; a vag- 
abond. 

STRAIGHT (strate), a. Not deviating or crooked ; 
according with justice; upright; direct; narrow 
or close. 

STRAIGHT, ad. Directly ; in the shortest time. 

STRAIGHTEN (strat'n), v. t. To make straight. 

STRAIGHTEN-ER (stra'tn-er), n. That which 
straightens. 

STRaIGHT-FoR'WARD (strate-), a. Proceeding 
in a straight course; not deviating. 

STRAIGHT'LY, ad. In a direct line. 

STRaIGHT'NESS (strate'mess), n. The quality 
of directness ; rectitude. 

STRaIGHT'WaY, ad. Immediately. 

STRaIKS, n. pi. Plates of iron on the circumfer- 
ence of a cannon wheel, over the joints of the 
fellies. 

STRAIN (strane), v. t. Literally, to stretch ; hence, 
to draw with force: to extend with effort; to 
cause to draw with effort ; to injure by stretching, 
as to strain the arm ; to purify by filtering, as to 
strain mi.k, &c. ; to bind clo-ely by drawing. 

STRAIN, v. i. To make violent effort; to be fil- 
tered. 



STRAIN, n. A violent effort ; an injury by such 
effort; style in writing or speaking; tendency or 
disposition ; a song or note of music. 

STRaIN'ER, n. An instrument for filtration. 

STRaIT, a. Not broad; narrow; not crooked; 
strict; rigorous. 

STRaIT, n. sing, and pi. A narrow pass ; distress ; 
difhcultv. ' 

STRAITEN (53) (stra'tn), v. t. To make narrow; 
to contract; to make tense or tight; to distress ; to 
press by poverty or other necessity. 

STRaIT'-LaOED (-laste), a. Laced tight ; stiff; 
rigid. 

STRaIT'LY,, ad. In a narrow or close manner; 
strictly. 

STRaIT'NESS, ii. The quality or state of nar- 
rowness or closeness; pressure from necessity; 
poverty ; strictness, as of life. 

STRaIT'-WaIST-€oAT,\ n. An apparatus to 

STRaIT'-JACK-ET, / confine the limbs of 

a distracted person. 

STRaKE, n. The iron band of a wheel. 

STRA-MiN'E-OUS, a. Consisting of straw. 

STRA-Mo'NI-UM, ( 11. The thorn-apple, of much 

STRAM'O-NY, j use in medicine. 

STRAND, n. Shore of the sea or of a lake ; one of 
the twists or parts of which a rope is composed. 

STRAND, v. t. or v. i. To drive or be driven on 
shore. 

STRaNgE, a. Not before heard or seen ; causing 
surprise ; not common ; rarely met with ; un- 
known or unacquainted. — Syn. New; foreign; 
wonderful; astonishing; unusual; odd; quaint, 
winch see. [way. 

STRaNgE'LY, ad. In an unusual or remarkable 

STRaNgE'NESS, n. The quality or state of sin- 
gularity or oddness ; distance, coldness, or aliena- 
tion of manner ; estrangement ; the power of ex- 
citing surprise. 

STRaN'gER, n. A foreigner; a guest. 

STRAN G '6LE (strang'gl), v. t. or v. i. To destroy 
life by stopping re-piration ; to hinder from birth 
or appearance. — Syn. To choke ; suffocate ; sup- 
press; smother. 

STRAN G 'GLER, n. One who strangles. 

STRAN'^'GLjE'S (strang'giz), n. pi. Swellings in a 
horse's throat. 

STRAN G -GU-LA'TION(strang-gu-lii'shun), n. The 
act of strangling; suffocation. 

STRAN G -G0'RI-OUS, a. Laboring under strangu- 
ry ; of the nature of strangury. 

STRAN G 'GU-RY (strang'gu-ry), n. Difficulty of 
discharging urine. 

STRAP, ii. A long strip of leather or cloth ; an in- 
strument for sharpening a razor; an iron plate 
for connecting timbers. 

STRAP, v. t. To beat with a strap ; to chastise ; 
to bind with a strap; to sharpen a razor on a 
strap. 

STRAP-Pa'DO, n. A military punishment by 
drawing an offender to the top of a beam, and 
letting him fall; v. t. to torture. 

STRa'TA, n. pi. Beds; layers, as of stones or 
earth. 

STRAT'A-gEM, n. A trick or artifice by which 
some advantage is intended to be gained. 

STRAT'E-gIST, n. One skilled in the art of di- 
recting military movements. 

STRAT'E-gY, n. Generalship; that branch of 
military science Avhich consists in teaching or 
knowing how to conduct great military move- 
ments; the science of military command. 

STKAT-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. A forming into strata. 

STRAT'I-Fy, v. t. To form into strata or layers. 

STRAT'I-FORM, a. In the form of strata. 

STRA-ToC'RA-CY, n. Government by an army. 

STRA-ToG'RA-PH Y, n. Description of armies, or 
of what belongs to armies. 

STRA'T UM, n. ; £>Z. StkX'ttjms or Stra'ta. Stra- 
ta is most common ; a layer, as of earth. 



A, e, &c, long.—l, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bIrd; move, 



STR 



445 



STK 



STR AW, n. A stalk of grain, pulse, &c. ; mass of 
stalks; any thing proverbially worthless. 

STRAW. i\ t. To spread or scatter. See Steew. 

BTR&W'BER-RY, n. A plant and its fruit, which 
is of delicious flavor. 

STRAW'-COL-OE, n. A yellowish color. 

STRAWY, a. Made of straw; like straw. 

STRAY (stra), v. i. To wander from an inclosure 
or from the path of duty ; to rove ; to deviate ; to 
play free and unconcerned. 

STRAY (stra), n. A beast that wanders from its 
owner. 

STREAK (streek), n. A line of color; a stripe ; a 
ray. 

STReAK (streek), v. t. To form streaks or stripes ; 
to variegate with different colors; to stretch. 

STREAK'Y, a. Striped; variegated in colored 
lines. 

STREAM (streem), n. Literally, a continuous flow- 
ing, as of wind, of words, &c. ; the most rapid 
part of a river is called the stream ; a correspond- 
ent flow in the ocean is called the Gulf Stream ; 
a small river, whose flow is most obvious to the 
eye, is called a stream. — Sy>". Current — Current 
(L. curro) gives us but one idea, that of running; 
stream adds the idea of this onward flow being 
the result of some uniform force ; hence we speak 
of a shifting current and a steady stream. There 
are many currents in the ocean, but there is only 
one Gulf Stream. The stream of the Mississippi 
rolls on with increasing force ; but where it is 
most rapid there are reflex currents on the side 
which run in a contrary direction. 

STREAM, v. i. To move or run in a continuous 
current ; to flow ; to pour out in abundance ; to 
shoot out in streaks ; to stretch in a long line. 

STREAM, v. t. To mark with colors or embroidery 
in long lines or streaks. 

STREAM'ER. n. A flag or flowing nennon. 

STReAM'LET, n. A small stream"; a rivulet; a 
rill. 

STReAM'Y, a. Flowing with a current. 

>TREEK, v. t. To lay out, as a dead body. 

STREET, n. A way or road in a city ; a highway. 
See Road. 

STREET -WALK-ER (-wauk-\ n. A prostitute 
that offers herself in the street. 

STRENGTH, n. That property or quality of an 
animal body by which it is enabled to move it- 
self or other bodies ; firmness; solidity or tough- 
ness; power cr vigor of any kind; support; in- 
tellectual force ; spirit ; animation ; confidence ; 
maintenance of power. — Sy>\ Robustness; vigor; 
stoutness; hardness; endurance; force, which 
see. 

STRENGTHEN (strcng'thn), v. t. or v. i. To 
make or become strong or stronger. — Sy>". To in- 
vigorate; confirm; establish; fortify; encourage. 

STR£NGTH'£N-ER (53), n. That which gives 
strength. 

STRESS GTH'LESS, a. Destitute of strength. 

STREN'u-OES (str5n'yu-us), a. Eagerly pressing 
or urgent; vigorous; bold and active; intrepid 
and ardent. 

STReN'u-OCS-LY, ad. With eager zeal; vigor- 
ously ;_boldly. 

STREN'u-Ol'S-NESS, n. Ardor in the pursuit of 
an object; eagerness; earnestness. 

STRESS, n. That which bears with most weight ; 
force; importance; strain. 

STRETCH, p. t. To draw out to greater length ; 
to extend or spread ; to exaggerate. 

STRETCH, o. i. To be extended ; to be drawn 
out in length or in breadth, or both ; to sally be- 
yond the truth ; to exaggerate ; to strain beyond 
the truth ; to make violent efforts in running. 

STRETCH, n. Extension in length, breadth, &c ; 
extent ; reach ; effort. 

STReTCH'ER, n. One that stretche? ; a piece of 
timber ; a narrow plank for boat-rowers ; a board 



on which corpses are stretched previous to being 
coffined. 

STREW (strii or stro), v. t. To scatter; to spread 
by_ scattering ; to spread or scatter loosely. 

STRIDE (BtrTe), n. pi. Small channels in the shells 
of cockles; fillets between the Mutes of columns. 

STRI'ATE, \ a. Formed with small channels or 

STRI'.v-TED.j lines streaked. 

STRiCK'LE (strik'kl), n. An instrument to strike 
grain to a level with the measure; a strike. 

STRICT, a. Drawn close or tight; tense; rigor- 
ously nice or exact; not mild or indulgent; con- 
fined or limited. — Syn. Severe. Strict (L. st> i -t- 
us) points to a person or thing, as one that biivls 
closely or keeps under control, as strict in disci- 
pline, strict rules, &c. ; severe marks a readiness 
or disposition to inflict pain. Strict is therefore 
ordinarily taken in a good sense ; severe in a bad 
one, except where peculiar circumstances demand 
punishment. • [ity. 

STRICT'LY, ad. With closeness, rigor, or sever- 

STRiCT'NESS, n. Exactness in the observance 
of rules, &c. ; closeness; rigor; severity. 

STRICT'uRE (strlkt'yur), n. Literally, a press- 
ing hard ; hence, a straining or morbid contrac- 
tion, as a stricture on the chest; figuratively, a 
pressing hard upon in the way of criticism or re- 
mark, as strictures upon a work ; a critical ex- 
amination; censure. 

STRIDE, n. A long step. 

STRIDE, v. i. Ipret. Steed, Steode; pp. Stetd, 
Stridden.] To take long steps ; to straddle. 

STRIDE, v. t. To pass over at a step. 

STRi'DOR, n. A harsh, creaking noise. 

STRID'u-LOE'S, a. Making a creaking sound. 

STRIFE, n. Exertion or contest for superiority; 
opposition; rivalry; quarrel; war. • 

STEiEE'FE'L, a. Contentious; quarrelsome. 

STRI-GoSE', a. Set with stiff bristles. 

STRIKE, n. The act of combining and demand- 
ing higher wages for work ; an instrument with 
a straight edge for leveling a measure of grain. 

STRIKE, v. i. To make a quick blow or thrust; 
to hit or dash against; to sound by hitting; to 
run upon or be stranded ; to penetrate ; to lower 
a flag in respect or submission ; to combine for 
higher wages. 

STRIKE, v. t. To touch or hit with force ; to 
stamp or impress, as coin ; to make to penetrate, 
as to strike deep ; to make and ratify, as to strike 
a bargain ; to affect by a sudden impression, as 
to strike favorably; to run on or ground, as a 
ship ; to level measures of grain ; with off, to sep- 
arate or deduct; with out, to produce or erase. 

STRIK'ER, n. One who strikes; in Scripture, a 
quarrelsome man. 

STRIK'ING, a. Affecting with strong emotion; 
forcible; impressive. [pressively. 

STRiK'ING-LY, ad. In a forcible manner; im- 

STRiXG, n. A slender line or cord ; a series. 

STRING, v. t. [pret. and .pp. Stecng.] To furnish 
with strings, to put on strings; to make tense. 

STRiN'6EN-CY, n. Crgency; severe pressure. 

STRIN'gENT, a. Binding closely ; urgent ; press- 
ing hard. , 

STEiNG'-HALT, n. A twitching of the legs in 
horses, corrupted into spring-halt. 

STRINGT-NESS, n. The quality of being stringy. 

STRING'Y, a. Consisting of strings; ropy; vis- 
cid. 

STRIP, v. t. To pull or tear off, as a covering; to 
deprive of; to divest; to plunder or pillage. — 
Syn. To peel; skin; rob; unrig. 

STRIP, n. A narow shred ; a slip or long piece. 

STRIPE, n. A line of a different color from the 
ground-work; affliction; punishment; suffering. 

STRIPE, v. t. To form with lines of various colors. 

STEiP'LIXG, n. A youg man ; a lad. 

STEIP'PINGS, n. pi. The last milk drawn from 
a cow at a milking. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, BULL ; vE'cious. — € as k ; <i as J ; s as z ; cu as su ; this. * Xot English. 



STR 



446 



STU 



STRIVE, v. i. [pret. Strove; pp. Striven.] To 
make efforts ; to contend ; to struggle in opposi- 
tion to another. — Syn. To vie; emulate; endeav- 
or; contest. 

STRiV'ER, n. One who makes efforts. 

STRoB'IL, n. In botany, a pericarp, formed of 
scales, as the cone of the pine. 

STRoKE, n. The striking of one thing against 

■ another; a blow; a sudden attack, as of disease 
or death ; the touch of a pencil; a dash in writ- 
ing or printing; a masterly effort, as a bold 
stroke ; the sweep of an oar in rowing. 

STRoKE, v. t. To rub gently: to make smooth. 

STRoKES'MAN, n. In rowing, the man who rows 
the aftmost oar, and whose stroke is to be follow- 
ed _by the rest. 

STRoLL, v. i. To ramble idly or leisurely; to 
rove ; to wander. 

STRoLL, n. A wandering on foot leisurely; a 
ramble ; a walk ; excursion. 

STRoLL'ER, n. One who roves about idly ; a 
wanderer ; a vagrant. 

STRONG, a. Having great power to do or endure ; 
not easily subdued ; having great resources or 
force ; forcibly affecting, as the taste, smell, &c. ; 
earnest, as a strong purpose ; bright, as a strong 
light. — Syn. Vigorous ; powerful ; solid ; firm ; 
hardy; cogent; valid; robust, which see. 

STR6N G 'GER (strong'ger), a. More strong. 

STR5N G 'GEST (strong'gest), a. Most strong. 

STRoNG'-HoLD, n. A fortress; fort or fortified 
place. 

STRONG'LY, ad. With power ; forcibly ; fully. 

STRoP, n. A strap (which see) ; a piece of rope 
spliced into a wreath. 

STRo'PHE, n. A stanza in poetry ; the first mem- 
ber of a poem. 

STRoW (stro), v. t. Ipret. Strewed ; pp. Strew- 
ed, Strown.] See Strew. 

STRuGT'OR-AL (strukt'yur-al), a. Pertaining to 
structure. 

STRuCT'uRE (strukt'ynr), n. Internal constitu- 
tion or organization ; a building of any kind ; a 
fabric. 

STRuG'GLE, v. i. Properly, to strive or make ef- 
forts with twisting of the body ; hence, to use 
great efforts; to labor in pain or anguish. — Syn. 
To strive ; contend ; labor ; endeavor, which see. 

STRuG'GLE, n. Great labor; vigorous effort; 
agony. 

STRuG'GLER, n. One who struggles. 

STRuG'GLING, n. The act of striving; vehe- 
ment effort. 

STRfj'MA, n. Scrofula; the king's evil. 

STRO'MOUS, a. Having swellings in the glands. 

STRuM'PET, n. A prostitute ; a lewd woman. 

STRuM'PET, a. Like a strumpet; false. 

STRuT, n. A pi'oud affected step or walk. 

STROT, v. i. To walk affectedly with lofty steps 
and erect head. 

STR?€H'NI-A, \ n. A vegetable alkaloid ; a nar- 

STR¥€H'NiNE,f cotic used as a medicine, but 
poisonous when taken in excess. 

STuB, n. The stump of a tree. 

STuB, v. t. To grub up by the roots. 

STuB'BED, a. Short and thick. 

STuB'BED-NESS, n. Shortness with thickness. 

STOB'BLE (stiib'bl), n. The stumps of wheat, rye, 
&c, left in the ground. 

STCB'BORN, a. Inflexibly fixed in opinion or pur- 
pose. — Syn. Obstinate. — Stubborn describes a 
high degree of obstinacy. He who is obstinate is 
one who will not yield to the appeals we make to 
his reason and his better feelings; he who is 
stubborn grows more obstinate the more clearly 
his unreasonableness is exposed, and the more 
powerfully his feelings are addressed. 

STf-B'BORN-LY, ad. "With obstinacy; perversely. 

STuB'BORN-NESS, 71. Perverse and unreasona- 
ble obstinacy. 



STCB'BY^ a. Full of stubs ; short and thick. 

STOB'-NaIL, n. A short, thick nail. 

STuCCO, n. A plaster for walls, particularly 
that made of lime, whiting, and pounded mar- 
ble ; work made of stucco. 

STuCCO, v. t. To plaster with stucco ; to overlay 
with fine plaster. 

ST0D, n. A small piece of timber used in build- 
ing ; a set of horses ; an ornamental button ; a 
large-headed nail. 

STuD, v. t. To_set or adorn with studs. 

STuD'DING-SaIL, n. In navigation, a sail set 
beyond the principal sails. 

STu'DENT, n. One who studies ; a learner ; book- 
ish man. 

STCD'-HoRSE, n. A horse for breeding. 

STODTjE'D (stiid'did), a. Well versed in any 
branch of learning ; premeditated. 

STOD'I^D-LY (stiid'did-), ad. With attention. 

STuD'I-ER, n. One who studies; a student. 

STu'DI-O, n. ; pi. Stu'di-os. The work-shop of a 
sculptor, less properly applied to other artists. 

STu'DI-OL'S, a. Given to study ; attentive ; plan- 
ned with study. 

STu'DI-OUS-LY, ad. With close application. 

STu'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Close application to study. 

STuD'Y, n. Literally, a setting of the mind on a 
subject; hence, application to books or science; 

■ attention ; a room for study. 

STuD'Y, v. t To apply the mind; to endeavor 
diligently; v. t. to apply the mind to; to consid- 
er _attentively. 

*STu'FA, n. [/£.] A jet of steam issuing from a 
fissure in the earth. 

STuFF, n. Any mass of matter; materials of 
which something is made ; that which fills any 
thing ; cloth, as woolen stuffs ; that which is tri- 
fling. 

STuFF, v. i. To feed gluttonously. 

STOFF, v. t. To fill or thrust into; to swell out 
by filling ; to obstruct by filling ; to crowd ; to 
cram. 

STuFFTNG, n. That which is used for filling ; 
seasoning of meat ; that which is put into meat 
to give it a higher relish. 

STuL'TI-Fy, v. t. To make or prove to be fool- 
ish ; in law, to allege or prove to be insane for 
avoiding some act. 

STuM, n. New wine unfermented. 

STuM, v. t. To renew by fermentation. 

STuM'BLE, v. i. To trip in walking; to err; to 
slide into a crime or an error; to light on by 
chance or without design. 

STuM'BLE, v. t. To obstruct in progress; to con- 
found or puzzle. 

STuM'BLE, n. A trip in walking or running ; a 
false step ; a blunder. 

STuM'BLER, n. One that stumbles. 

STuM'BLING-BLoCK,? n. A cause of stumbling; 

STuM'BLING-SToNE, f an occasion of offense. 

STuM'BLING-LY, ad. In a stumbling manner. 

STuMP, n. The stub of a tree ; the part of a tree, 
human limb, &c, remaining after a part is de- 
stroyed or amputated ; a place for haranguing on 
political subjects, as to take the stump; v. t. to 
address on political subjects, as to stump a dis- 
trict, &c. 

STuMP'-6R-A-TOR, n. A person who harangues 
from a stump or other elevation. 

STuMP'Y, a. Full of stumps. 

STON, v. t. To make senseless with a blow; to 
overpower or make dizzy by noise. 

STuNT, v. t. To hinder from growth. 

STuPE, n. Cloth for fomentation ; v. t. to foment 

STU-PE-FAC'TION, n. A stupid or senseless state; 
insensibility ; stupidity. 

STU-PE-FaC'TiVE, a. Causing insensibility. 

STu'PE-Fi-ER, n. That which stupefies. 

STu'PE-Fy, v. t. To make stupid or dull ; to de- 
prive of sensibility or of material motion. 



I, e, &c, long.- 



-A, E, 



6/tOr^-^CARE, FAR, LAST, FALL, WHAT ; THERE, TERM; MARINE, DIRD ; MOVE, 



STU 



U7 



SUB 



To hesitate in uttering words; 



STU-PeX'DOUS, a. Literally, striking dumb by i 
its magnitude ; hence, astonishing ; wonderful ; 
of astonishing magnitude or elevation. 

STU-P£X"DOl"S-LY, ad. In a manner to excite j 
astonish ment. 

STU-P£N'DOUS-XES3, n. The quality or state 
of being stupendous. 

STC'PID. a. Very dull; insensible; wanting un- 
derstanding; heavy; sluggish; formed without 
skill or genius. See Silly. 

STU-PiD'I-TV.^ n. Extreme dullness of per- 

STu'PID-XESS.) ception. — Syn. Insensibility ; 
sluggishness; senselessness; sottishness. 

STC'FID-LY. a I. With extreme dullness; with 
suspension of understanding; absurdly. 

STu'POR. n. Great diminution or suppression of j 
sensibility ; numbness. 

STc'PRaTE, v. t. To violate chastity by force ; to ! 
debauch. * 

STU-PKa'TION, n. Violation of chastity by force. ■ 

STl'R'DI-LY, ad. With stoutness; hardily; boldly, j 

STCR'DI-XESS, n. The quality of stoutness; bru- 
tal strength. 

STCR'DY, a. Bluntly obstinate : characterized by | 
great strength or hardiness. — Sy>\ Stout ; hardy ; 
finn ; forcible. 

STcR'gEOX, n. A large cartilaginous fish, valued 
for food. 

STCT'TER. r. i 
to stammer. 

STcT'TER-ER, n. One that stammers. 

STv, n. A pen for swine; an inflamed rumor on 
the edge of the eyelid ; a place of debauchery. 

STv. i\ i. To shut up in a stv. 

STfG'I-AX, a. Pertaining to the River Styx; 
hence, infernal ; dark ; black. 

STTLE, n. Manner of writing, speaking, or reck- 
oning time, or doing other things : title ; pin of 
a dial ; filament of a pistil. See Diction. 

STvLE. v. t. To entitle in addressing or speaking 
of. — St>\ To call; name; denominate. 

STv'LET, n. A small poniard or dagger. 

STFL'ISH, a. Being in fashionable form or man- 
ner; showy; fine. 

STYP'TIO, * \ a. Restraining bleeding ; astrin- 

STrP'TI€-AL.j gent. 

ST ?P'TI€, a. A medicine which has an astringent 
quality. 

ST T'X, n. In mythology, a river of the lower world, 
which was to be crossed in passing to the regions 
_of the dead. 

Sr'A-BLE. a. That may be sued. 

SUa'SI-BLE (swa'se-bl), a. That may be per- 
suaded. 

STJa'SION (swa'zhun), n. Act of persuading. 

SUa'SiVJS, a. Tending to persuade. 

SUa'SO-RY (swa'so-ry), a. Able or tending to 
persuade ; having the quality of convincing and 
drawing by argument or reason. 

Sl\\Y'I-TY"(swiiv'-), n. Sweetness or pleasant- 
ness, as suavity of manners, &c. 

SCB. A Latin preposition, used in English as a 
prefix. 

SUB-aCTD. a. Moderately acid or sour. 

SDB-a€'RID, a. Moderately acrid or sharp. 

SUB-a€*FION, n. Act of beating together. 

Su'BXH, n. In India, a province; a viceroyship. 
Subahdar, the native governor of a province ; a 
native officer in the army. 

SUB-AL'TERX (-awl'tum), a. Inferior; subordi- 
nate ; that in different respects is both superior 
and inferior. [Used chierly of military ojficers.] 

SUB- AL'TERV. n. Ah inferior officer. 

SUB-AL-TeRN'ATE,o. Succeeding by turns ; suc- 
cessively. 

SUB-a'QUE-OUS, a. Being under the surface of 
water. 

SUB-aS'TRAL, a. Being beneath the stars; ter- 
restrial. 

SUB-AS-TRiX'gEXT, a. Slightly astringent. 



SUB-AU-PrTION (-dlsh'un), n. The act of un- 
derstanding something not expressed. 

SCB'-BaSE, n. In music, the deepest notes of the 
organproduced by the pedal stops. 

SUEUBa'sE'MEXT, n. A solid structure on which 
a building rests. 

SUB-€OM-MiT'TEE, n. An under-committee. 

SUB-€oX'TRA€T, 71. A contract under a previ- 
ous contract. [sub-contracj. 

SUB-€OX-TRa€T'OR. ru A person who takes a 

SL'B-DeA'CuX, n. An under-deacon. 

SUB-DI-VIDE', v. t. To divide into smaller parts. 

SUB-DI-YI"SIOX (-de-vizh'un), n. A part of a 
division. 

SUB-DOMT-XAXT, ru In music, the fourth note 
above the tonic, being under the dominant. 

SUB-Du'A-BLE, a. That may be subdued. 

SUB-DC€T', v. t. To subtract by arithmetical cal- 
culation ; to withdraw. 

SUB-DC€'TIOX, n. The act of taking awv. 

SUB-DiE' (28) (sub-da'), v. t. To conquer by su- 
perior power; to reduce to subjection; to over- 
come by persuasion : to soften ; to melt ; to reduce 
to tenderness. See Conqcee. 

SUB-Du'ER, n. One who subdues ; that which de- 
stroys the force of. 

5r'BER-I€. a. Pertaining to cork. 

SUB-I-Ta'XE-OUS, a. Sudden ; quick. 

+Sl-'BI_-TO. [If] In music, quick. 

SUB-Ja'GEXT, a. Being under or lower; being in 
a lower situation, though not directly beneath. 

SuB'JECT, a. Placed or situate under; being un- 
der authority ; liable ; being that on which any 
thing operates, whether intellectual or material. 
— St>-. Tributary ; subordinate ; inferior ; ex- 
posed ; liable, which see. 

SuB'JE€T, n. One who is under the power of an- 
other ; a matter in discussion ; that on which any 
mental or physical operation is performed ; that 
in which anything inheres or exists; the hero of 
a piece. The subject of a proposition is that of 
which any thing is affirmed bv the predicate. 

3UB-J£€T\ v. t. To bring under the power of; to 
make subservient or obnoxious; to render ac- 
countable. — Sy> _ . To submit; enslave; subdue. 

SUB-J£€'TIOX, n. The act of subduing; the 
state of being brought under control; slavery. 

SUB-J£€T'iYE, a. An epithet applied to those 
internal states of thought or feeling of which the 
mind is the subject — opposed to objective, which 
see for a fuller statement [ject; inwardly. 

SUB-J£€T'IYE-LY, ad. In relation to the sub- 

SUB-J£€T'iVE-XESS,T n. State of being sub- 

SUB-JE€-TiYT-TY. f jective. 

SUB-JOIN', r. f. To add at the end. See To Ann. 

SuB'JU-CtaTE, v. t. To reduce to slavery; to 
bring under the absolute control of another. 

SUB-JU-Ga'TToX, n. Act of subduing to the con- 
trol of another. 

SUB-JuXC'TiYE, a. Subjoined or added to some- 
thing before ; in grammar, a form of the verb 
expressing condition or hypothesis. 

SUB-La'TIOX. n. The act of taking away. 

SUB-LIEU-T£X'AXT (-1Q- or lef-teVant). n. An 
under-lieutenant in the English fusileers and ar- 
tillery. 

SL'B-LiM'A-BLE. a. That may be sublimated. 

SUB-LiM'A-BLE-XESS, ru The quality of being 
sublimable. 

SCB'LI-MaTE,> v. t. To refine, as solid sub- 

SUB-LiME', f stances, by heat ; to exalt. 

SCB'LI-MATE, n. The product of sublimation. 

SCB'LI-MATE. a. Refined, as brought into a state 
of vapor by heat, and again condensed, as solid 
substances. 

SUB-LI-Ma'TIOX, n. The act of refining by 
bringing a solid substance to a state of vapor, and 
condensing it. 

SUB- LIME', a. High in place; lofty in style or 
excellence : <rrand. which see. 



dove, wolf, eook; eule, uull; vi"ciou5. — c as k; <i as j ; s as z ; cu as su; *HJ 



Sot English. 



SUB 



448 



SUB 



SUB-LIME', n. A lofty style; sublimity. 

SUB-LIME'LY, ad. In a lofty manner"; grandly. 

SUB-LiME'NESS, n. Loftiness of style or senti- 
ment; grandeur; sublimity. 

SUB-LlM'I-TY, n. Literally, elevation : a feeling 
of astonishment and awe produced by what is 
lofty or exalted ; loftiness of sentiment or style. 
— Syn. Grandeur. — The mental state indicated by 
these two words is the same, viz., a mingled 
' emotion of astonishment and awe. In speaking 
of the quality which produces this emotion, we 
call it grandeur when it springs from what is 
vast in space, power, &c. ; we call it sublimity 
(Latin, sublimit, raised above the earth) when it 
springs from what is elevated far above the or- 
dinary incidents of humanity. An immense 
plain is grand. The heavens are not only grand, 
but sublime (as the predominating emotion), from 
their immense height. Exalted intellect, and 
especially exalted virtue under severe trials, 
gives us the sense of moral .sublimity, as in the 
case of our Savior in his prayer for his murder- 
ers. We do not speak of Satan, when standing 
by the fiery gulf, with his "unconquerable will 
and study of revenge," as a sublime object; but 
there is a melancholy grandeur thrown around 
him, as of " archangel ruined. 1 ' 

SUB-LIN-E-a'TION, n. Mark of a line or lines 
drawn under a word in a sentence. 

SUB-LIN G 'GUAL (-ling'gwal), a. Being under the 
tongue. 

SUB-Lu'NAR, la. Being under the moon ; ter- 

SQB'LU-NA-RY,J restrial. 

SUB-MA-RlNE' (-ma-reenO, a. Being under the 
water of the sea. 

SUB-ME'DI-ANT, n. In music, the sixth note, or 
middle note between the octave and subdom- 
inant. [water. 

SUB-MER6F/ (13), v. t. To put or plunge under 

SUB-MeRS-ED' (-merst'), a. Being under water. 

SUB-M&R-SION (-mer'shun), n. Act of putting or 
plunging under water. 

SUB-MiS'SION (-mish'un), n. Act of yielding to 
authority or to superiors ; humble behavior ; 
obedience ; resignation. 

,SUB-MiS'SiVE, a. Yielding to another; humble. 

SUB-MlS'^IVE-LY, ad. With submission. 

SUB-MiS'SiVE-NESS, n. A submissive temper or 
disposition; acknowledgment of inferiority. 

SUB-MiT', v. i. To yield one's person to the pow- 
er of another; to yiel 1 one's opinion to the opin- 
ion or authority of another. — Syn. To surrender; 
bend; stoop; acquiesce; comply. 

SUB-MiT', v. t. To yield, resign, or refer to an- 
other. 

SUB-MuL'TI-PLE, n. A number or quantity 
which is contained in another an exact number 
of times. 

SUB-NAS'CENT, of. Growing underneath. 

SUB-OR'DI-NA-CY, n. State of being subordinate 
or subject to control. 

SUB-6E'DI-NATE, a. Inferior in order, nature, 
dignity, &c. ;_lower; subject. 

SUB-oR'DI-NaTE, v. t. To bring under some- 
thing else in order or rank; to make subject. 

SUB-OR'DI-NATE-LY, ad. In a subordinate man- 
ner. 

SUB-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. A state of subjection; 
the state of being inferior to another; place of 
rank among inferiors. 

SUB-ORN', v. t. To procure to take a false oath ; 
to bribe to commit wrong acts. 

SUB-OR-Na'TION, n. Act of seducing to a bad 
action, particularly the crime of perjury. 

SUB-oRN'ER, n. One who suborns. 

SUB-uWAL, a. Nearly ovate, or egg-shaped. 

SUB-P(E'NA l n ' A 8ummons f° r witnesses. 
SUB-PE'NA, I v. t. To summon by subpoena; to 
SUB-POZ'NA,f command attendance in court. 



SUB-Rk_€'TOR, n. The deputy of a rector. 

*SUB Ro'SA. IL.J Under the rose ; privately. 

SDB'-SALT, n. A salt having an excess of the 
base. 

SUB-S€RiBE", v. t. To sign with one's hand; to 
bind one's self by writing; to attest ; to consent. 

SUB-SGElBE', v. i. To promise to give a certain 
sum by setting one's name to paper; to assert. 

SUB-SO RiB'ER, n. One who subscribes; one who 
writes his name beneath. 

SUB-S€R!P'TION (-skrip'shun), n. The signing 
of a name; attestation; the sum subscribed. 

SUB-SfiO'TION, n. Division of a section. 

SuB'SE-QUE^CE, n. The state of following. 

SOB'SE-QUENT, a. Following; coming after; in 
time or in place succeeding. Sue Antecedent. 

SuB'SE-QUENT-LY, ad. In time following. 

SUB-SERVE' (13), v. t. To serve instrumental^ ; 
to assist. 

SUB-SERV'I-ENCE, T n. Use or operation that 

SUB-SEEV'I-EN-CY,j promotes some end. 

SUB-SeRV'I-ENT, a. Useful to promote a pur- 
pose; subordinate.— SYN/Subject; inferior; sub- 
missive. 

SUB-SERV'I-ENT-LY, ad. In a way to aid. 

SUB-SiDE', v. i. To sink or fall to the bottom; to 
fall into a state of quiet. — Syn. To settle ; inter- 
mit ;_ ebb ; retire ; abate, which see. 

SUB-Si'DENCE, n. The act or process of falling or 
sinking; cessation. 

SUB-SiD'I-A-RY, a. Furnishing help ; assisting ; 
aiding. 

SUB-SID'I-A-RY, n. One who contributes aid. 

SuB^SI-DiZE, v. t. To pay a subsidy to. 

SCB'SI-D Y, n. Aid in money to purchase assistance 
or support. — Syn. Tribute.— A subsidy is volun- 
tary ; a tribute is exacted. A subsidy is paid to 
an ally for his services ; a tribute is 'given in ac- 
knowledgment of dependence or subjection. En- 
gland gave subsidies to most of the German pow- 
ers for carrying on the war against Bonaparte; 
tribute was paid to the Roman Republic by most 
of the nations of the earth. 

SUB-SIGN' (-sine'), v. t. To sign under or below. 

tSU\B Si-LEN'TI-0 (-len'she-o). [L.] In silence. 

SUB-SiST', v. i. To have existence ; to be ; to re- 
tain the present state ; to be maintained with food 
and clothing. 

SUB-SIST', v. t. To support with provisions ; to 
maintain. 

SE T B-SIST'ENCE, n. Being; means of support.— 
Syn. Living ; livelihood ; sustenance ; compe- 
tence. 

SUB-SiST'ENT, a. Having being; existent. 

SuB'SOIL, n. The bed or stratum of earth which 
lies immediately below the surface-soil. 

SuB'SOIL, v._t. or v. i. To plow or cultivate deep. 

SUB-SPe'CIe$ (-spe'shez), n. Division of a spe- 
cies. 

SOB'STANCE, n. In a general sense, being or 
something existing by itself; essential part ; some- 
thingreal; not imaginary; body; matter; goods. 

SUB-STaN'TIAL (sub-stan'shal), a. Belonging to 
substance; real; solid; corporeal; possessed of 
goods. 

SUB-STAN-TIaL'I-TY, n. The state of real ex- 
istence; materiality. 

SUB-STaN'TIAL-LY, ad. With reality; strong- 
ly ; really ; in substance. 

SUB-STaN'TIAL-NESS, n. The state or quality 
of firmness ; strength. 

SUB-STAN'TIALS, n. pi. Material parts. 

SUB-STaN'TIaTE, v. t. To establish by proof or 
confirm. 

SuB'STAN-TIVE, n. A noun or name of a thing ; 
the part of speech denoting something that exists. 

SuB'STAN-TIVE, a. Noting existence; real. 

SuB'STAN-TIVE-LY, ad. In substance; essen- 
tially ; ingrammar, as a name or noun. 

SuB'STI-TuTE, n. One who acts for another; that 



I, e, &c, long. — 1, e, &c, short. — calie, fae, last, fall, what; tiieee, teem; makine, lied; move, 



SUB 



449 



sue 



■which is used for another thing.— Syn. Deputy; 
proxy. 

SuB'STI-TuTE, v. t. To put in the place of.— Syn. 
To change; interchange. 

SUB-STI-TOTION, n. The putting of one person 
or thing in the place of another. 

SUB-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to substi- 
tution. 

SUB-STRa'TUM, n. ; pi. Sub-stra'ta. That 
which is laid or spread under something ; a layer 
of ea'th under another. 

SUB-STRu€'TION, n. An under building ; a prop. 

SUB-STy'LAR, a. Under the style. 

SOB'STyLE, n. A right line on which the style or 
gnomon of a dial is erected. 

SUB-SiiL'TlVE, \ a. Bounding; leaping; mov- 

SUB-S0L'TO-RY,j ing by sudden leaps. 

SUB-TeND', v. t. To lie or extend under; to be 
opposite to. 

SUB-TeNSE', n. The chord of an arch. 

+SuB'TER. A Latin preposition signifying under. 

SUB-TeR'FLU-ENT,? a. Flowing under or be- 

SUB-TER'FLU-OUS,j" neath. 

SuB'TER-FugE, n. Literally, that to which a per- 
son resorts for escape or concealment ; hence, an 
artifice or evasion to escape censure or the force 
of an argument. — Syn. Evasion; prevarication; 
quibble; shift; excuse. 

SUB-TER-Ra'NE-AN, > a. Being under the sur- 

SUB-TER-Ra'NE-OUS,/ face of the earth. 

SuB'TiLE (sut'tl or sub til), a. Fine-drawn or re- 
fined, as subtile reasoning ; thin, as a subtile va- 
por; piercing, as subtile pain. — Syn. Acute. — In 
acute (from acus), the image is that of a needle's', 
point ; in subtile (from subtilis), that of a thread 
spun out to extreme fineness. Hence he who is 
acute has a piercing judgment, which enables him 
to discern and discriminate with the nicest accu- 
racy ; he who has a subtile intellect can spin the 
finest thread of thought, and follow out a subject 
in its most complicated relations, without letting 
go his hold, or becoming lost or perplexed in its 
utmost intricacies. Acuteness guards against er- 
ror; subtilty carries forward our investigations 
into tenuous and recondite truths. The former 
belongs more to speculative and abstract inqui- 
ries ; the latter to the philosophy of the heart and 
of social life. Edwards was singularly acute; 
Lord Bacon had a subtilty of intellect which seem- 
ed to spread itself throughout every part of a sub- 
ject like a kind of " diffusive touch." 

SUB-TIL-I-Za'TION, n. Refinement, a making 
volatile. 

SOB'TIL-IZE, v. t. To make fine ; to spin out into 
niceties. 

SOB'TIL-TY (sut'tle-ty or sub'til-ty), n. Thin- 
ness ; a running out into great nicety of thought ; 
refining. 

SuB'TLE (sut'tl), a. Sly in design ; full of art and 
deception; crafty. 

SuB'TLE-TY (sut'tl-ty), n. The quality of being 
very cunning and deceitful; craft. 

SuB'TLY (sut'tly), ad. In a sly or artful manner. 

SL t B-TRa€T', v. t. To withdraw a part; to de- 
duct ; to take part from the rest. 

SUB-TRA€T'ER, n. He that deducts. 

SUB-TRAG'TION (-trak'shun), n. The taking a 
lesser sum from a greater ; a withdrawing. 

SUB-TRA€T'iVE, a. Tending to subtract. 

SUB-TRA-HeND', n. Number to be subtracted. 

SuB'URB, n. s. \ A building without the walls 

SuB'URBS, n. pl.\ of a city, but near them ; the 
confines of a city. 

SUB-uR'BAN, ) a. Being in the suburbs of a 

SUB-uR'BI-ALJ city. 

SUB-VA-Ri'E-TY, n. A subordinate variety. 

SUB-VeR'SION (13) (-ver'shun), n. Total over- 
throw ; overthrow from the foundation. — Syn. 
Ruin ; downfall ; extinction. 

SUB-VeR'SiVE, a. Tending to overturn or ruin. 



SUB-VeRT', v. t. To overthrow from the founda- 
tion ; to pervert; to ruin utterly. — Syn. To over- 
turn; overthrow; destroy; extinguish; corrupt. 

SUB-VeRT'ER, n. One who overthrows. 

SUB-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be subverted. 

SUB-WoRK'ER (-wiirk'er), n. An underworker; 
a helper. 

SU€-CE-Da'NE-OUS, a. Supplying the place of 
something else ; substituted. " « 

SU€-CE-Da'NE-UM, n. ; pi. Su€-ce-da'ne-a. 
That which is used for something else ; a substi- 
tute. 

SU€-CEED', v. t. To follow in order; to come 
after ; to prosper : to make successful. 

SU€-CEED', v. i. To follow in order; to come in 
place of one who has died or gone ; to obtain the 
object desired. See Follow. 

SU€-CEED'ER, n. One that follows and comes in 
place of another. 

SU€-CeSS', n. Prosperous termination of an un- 
dertaking ; good fortune. 

SU€-CeSS'FUL, rt. Terminating in what is wish- 
ed ; having' the desired effect. — Syn. Happy ; 
prosperous; auspicious; fortunate, which see. 

SU€-CeSS'FUL-LY, ad. In a prosperous manner ; 
fortunately.' 

SU€-CeSS'FUL-NESS, n. Prosperous conclusion. 

SUO-CeS'SION (-sesh'un), n. A following of things 
in order; a series; an order of descendants; the 
right of inheriting from ancestors. 

SU€-CeS'SION-AL (-s£sh'un-al), a. Noting suc- 
cession. 

SU€-CeS'SiVE, a. Following in order. 

SUO-CeS'SiVE-LY, ad. In regular order. 

SU€-CeS'S!VE-NESS, n. Regular order. 

SU€-CeSS'LESS, a. Having no success; unpros- 
perous. 

SU€-CeSS'OR, n. One who succeeds; one who 
takes the place which another has left, and sus- 
tains the like part and character. 

SU€-CiN€T\ a. Tucked or girded up ; com- 
pressed into narrow compass. — Syn. Short; con- 
cise; compendious; summary. 

SU€-CIN€T'LY, ad. In a concise manner ; short- 
ly ; briefly. 

SU€-CiN€T'NESS, n. The quality of conciseness; 
brevity. 

SuO'CIN-OUS \ a - Pertainin S to amber. 

Su€'€OR, v. t. Literally, to run to; hence, to re- 
lieve in distress or difficulty. — Syn. To help; de- 
liver ; comfort : relieve. 

Su€'€OR, n. Assistance in distress. 

Su€'€OR-ER, n. One who succors. 

Su€'€OR-LESS, a. Void of help or friends. 

Su€'€0-TASH, n. Green maize and beans boiled 
together. 

Su€'€U-LENCE, ? n. Fullness of sap ; juici- 

Sfj€'€U-LEN-CY,f ness. 

Su€'€U-LENT, a. Full of sap ; juicy. 

SU€-€uMB' (suk-kiim'), v. ?'. To sink under; to 
yield unresistingly; to submit. 

SU€-€uS'SION (-kush'un), n. Act of shaking; a 
shaking; in medicine, an ague. 

SuCH, a. Being of the like kind ; the same that ; 
the same as what has been mentioned. 

SOCK, v. t. To draw with the mouth ; to draw 
milk from the breast ; to draw in, as a whirlpool ; 
to absorb. 

SOCK, v. i. To draw by exhausting the air; to 
draw the breast. 

SuCK, n. The act of drawing from the mouth; 
milk drawn from the breast. 

SuCK'ER, n. He or that Avhich sucks; a shoot 
from the roots of a plant; a fish. 

SuCK'ER, v. t. To strip off suckers or shoots. 

SuCK'LE (siik'kl), v. t. To nurse at the breast. 

SuCK'LING- n. A child nursed at the breast. 

SuC'TION (suk'shun), n. The act of drawing in 
by the mouth, or by a pump or pipe. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; VICIOU8.- 



-e as k ; 
Fp 



g as j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this, * Not English. 



sue 



450 



SUL 



SU€-To'RI-AL, a. Adapted for sucking. 

SU-Da'TION, n. The act of sweating. 

Su'DA-TO-RY, n. A sweating bath. 

SuD'DEN, a. Happening without previous notice ; 
hasty ; coming unexpectedly or without the com- 
mon preparations. 

SuD'DEN-LY, ad. In a hasty or unexpected man- 
ner. 

SuD'DEN-NESS, n. A coming unexpectedly. 

SU-DOR-iF'I€, a. Tending to promote sweat; n. 
a medicine that produces sweat. 

Su'DOR-OUS, a. Consisting of sweat. 

SuDS (sudz), n. sing. Water impregnated with 
_soap. 

SuE (28) (su), v. t. To prosecute in law; to en- 
_treat. To sue out, to petition for and take out. 

SuE (sa), v. i. To prosecute or make legal claim ; 
_to request; to make interest for. 

Su'ET, n. Fat, particularly that about the kid- 
_neys. 

Su'ET- Y, a. Consisting of or like suet. 

SuF'FER, v. t. To feel or bear what is painful ; to 
endure ; to support ; to allow ; to undergo ; to sus- 
tain. 

SuF'FER, v. i. To feel or undergo pain of body ; 
to undergo, as punishment; to sustain loss. 

SuF'FER-A-BLE, a, That may be endured. 

SOF'FER-A-BLE-NESS, n. State or capacity of 
being endured ; tolerableness. 

SuF'FER-A-BLY, ad. So as to be endured. 

SuF'FER-ANCE, n. The bearing of pain ; permis- 
sion by not forbidding. — Syn. Endurance ; pain ; 
patience; toleration; consent. 

SGF'FER-ER, n. One who endures or undergoes 
pain or inconvenience ; one who permits. 

SuF'FER-ING, n. Act of bearing pain ; pain en- 
dured; distress; loss or injury incurred. 

SUF-FICE' (suf-f ize'), v. t. or v. i. To be enough ; 
to satisfy. 

SUF-Fi"CIEN-CY (-fish'en-sy), n. Adequacy to 
the end proposed; a full supply; ability; self- 
confidence or conceit. 

SUF-Fi"CIENT (-f ish'ent), a. Adequate to wants ; 
equal to the end proposed ; of competent power 
or ability. — Syn. Enough ; satisfactory ; compe- 
tent; full; ample. 

SUF-Fl"CIENT-LY (-flsh'ent-ly), ad. So as to sat- 
isfy; enough. 

SuF'FIX, n. A letter or syllable annexed. 

SUF-FlX', v. t. To add or annex a letter or word. 

SUF-FLaM'I-NaTE, v. t. To retard the motion 
of a carriage by chaining one of its wheels, or oth- 
erwise preventing its revolution. 

SUF-FLaTE', v. t. To blow up ; to inflate. 

SUF-FLa'TION, n. Act of inflating. 

SuF'FO-CaTE, v. t. To choke or kill by stifling 
respiration ; to stifle ; to smother. 

SUF-FO-Ca'TION, n. The act of choking ; the act 
of stifling, destroying, or extinguishing. 

SuF'FO-€a-TiVE, a. Tending to suffocate. 

SUF-F6S'SION (-f osh'un), n. A digging under ; 
undermining. 

SuF'FRA-GAN, n. A bishop, considered as an as- 
sistant to his superior, the archbishop or metro- 
politan. 

SuF'FRAgE, n. A vote or voice given in deciding 
a controverted question, or in choosing a man to 
office ; united voice in public prayer. 

SUF-Fu'MI-GaTE, v. t. To apply smoke or fumes 
to the parts of the body. 

SUF-FU-MI-Ga'TION, n. Fumigation; the op- 
eration of smoking any thing. 

SUF-Fu$E' (-fuze'), v. t. To overspread as with a 
fluid or tincture. 

SUF-Fu'SION (-fu'zhun), n. The act of overspread- 
ing ; an extravasation, as of blood, &c. ; that 
which is suffused or spread over. 

SUGr'AR (shug'ar), n. A sweet crystalline sub- 
Stance manufactured from the juice of sugar- 
cane or other plants. Sugar of lead is so called 



from its resemblance in appearance to sugar, and 
its sweetish taste. 

SUG'AR (shug'ar), v. t. To sweeten or cover with 
sugar. 

SEG'AR-CaNE, n. The cane whose juice pro- 
duces sugar. 

SUG'AR-HOUSE (shug'ar-house), n. A building 
in which sugar is refined. 

SrG'AR-LoAF (shug'ar-lofe), n. A conical mass 
of refined sugar. 

SL'G'AR-PLUM (shug'ar-plum), n. A kind of 
sweetmeat. 

SUG'AR-Y (shug'ar-y), a. Tasting of sugar; 
sweet. 

SUG-GEST', v. t. To intimate or mention in the 
first instance; to offer to the mind or thoughts. 

SUG-GES'TION (sug-jest'yun), n. The presenta- 
tion of an object to the mind; something men- 
tioned or proposed. — Syn. Hint. — A hint is lit- 
erally a nod, and is the briefest mode of calling 
one's attention to a subject; a suggestio7i (from 
sub and gero) is literally a throwing of something 
before the mind, a modest or delicate mode of 
presenting argument or advice. A hint is usu- 
ally something slight or covert, and may be mei - e- 
ly negative in its character; a suggestion is ordi- 
narily intended to furnish us with some practi- 
cal assistance or directions. " He gave me a 

' hint of my danger, and added some kind sugges- 
tions as to the means of avoiding it." 

SUG-GEST'lVE, a. Containing a hint or intima- 
_tion. 

Su-I-CI'DAL (28), a. Pertaining to suicide. 

Su'I-CTDE, n. Self-murder; a self-murderer. 

Su'I-Cl-DI#M, n. State of self-murdering. 

+SU-I GEN'E-RIS. LL.] Of its own or peculiar 
kind; singular. 

SuIT (28) (sute), n. A number of things used to- 
gether; a set; a company of attendants or reti- 
nue; a seeking of something by request; court- 
ship; a legal process to recover right; pursuit; 
_prosecution. 

SuIT (sute), v. t. or v. i. To fit or be fitted; to 
_adapt; to agree; to have corresponding qualities. 

SuIT'A-BLE (su'ta-bl), a. Having correspondent 
qualities; agreeable to. — Syn. Fitting; becom- 
ing; proper; compatible; consistent. 

SuIT'A-BLE-NESS, n. A state of being fit or ap- 
propriate; propriety; agreeableness. 

SuIT'A-BLY, ad. With propriety; fitly; properly. 

♦SUITE (sweet), n. [Fr.] Retinue; a connected 
_succession, as a suite of rooms. 

SuIT'OR (su'tor), n. One that prosecutes a demand 
of right in law ; one who solicits a woman in mar- 
riage ; a petitioner. 

SuIT'RESS, n. A female supplicant. 

SuL'CATE, \ a. Marked by longitudinal chan- 

SuL'Ca-TED,j nels; grooved. 

SuLK'I-LY, ad. In a sullen manner; morosely. 

SuLK'I-NESS, n. Silent moroseness; sullenness. 

SuLKS, n. pi. A state of discontent ; moroseness. 

SuLK'Y, a. Silently discontented; morose; ob- 
stinate; sour. 

SuLK'Y, n. A carriage for one person. 

SuL'LAGE, \ n. Filth of the street or a drain 

SuL'LI-AgEJ" of filth. 

SuL'LEN, a. Gloomily angry and silent; ill-hu- 
mored; morose; obstinate. — Syn. Sulky; sour; 
cross. 

SuL'LEN-LY, ad. In an ill-humored way ; sour- 
ly; morosely; gloomily. 

SuL'LEN-NESS, n. A state of moroseness ; gloom- 
iness. 

SuL'LY, v. t. Literally, to smear with soil or dirt ; 
hence, to render filthy ; to take off the brightness 
of; to dishonor; v. i. to be soiled. — Syn. To stain; 
tarnish, which see. 

SuL'PHATE, n. A compound of sulphuric acid 
and a base. 

SOL'PHUR, n. A mineral of yellow color, which 



I, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, fak, last, fall, what; theke, teem; marine, bird; move, 



SUL 



451 



SUP 



bums with a blue flame, giving out suffocating 
fumes; brimstone. 

SuL'PHU-RATE, a. Pertaining to sulphur. 

SuL'PHU-RaTE, v. t. To combine with sulphur. 

SUL-PHU-Ra'TION, ft. The subjecting of a thing 
to the action of sulphur. 

SUL-PHC'RE-OUS, a. paying the qualities of 
sulphur. ^*w 

SuL'PH U-RET, ft. A combination of sulphur with 
an earth, metal, or alkali. 

St'L-PHu'RIC, a. Pertaining to sulphur. 

SuL'PHU-ROUS, a. Like or containing sulphur. 

SCL'PHU-ROUS-XESS, \ ft. Qualities of sul- 

SUL-PHu'RE-OUS-XESS,/ phur. 

SCL'PHUR-Y, a. Partaking of sulphur. 

SOL'TAN, ft. A title of the Turkish emperor. 

SUL-Ta'XA or SUL-Ta'XA,> ft. The queen of a 

SCL'TAX-ESS, j sultan; the em- 

press of the Turks. 

SuL'TRI-XESS, ft. State of being sultry; heat 
with a moist or close air. 

SuL'TRY, a. Hot and close ; oppressive. 

SuM, n. The amount or whole of any number of 
individuals or particles added; a quantity of 
money or currency; any amount indefinitely; 
compendium or abridgment ; height ; comple- 
tion. 

SuM, v. t. To add and find the amount. — Sy>\ To 
reckon; cast up; compute; comprise; compre- 
hend. 

Su'MAC, r. .,,»_,« J ft. A plant of several 

SC'MACH.j (snu maKJ ' \ species, some of which 
are used in tanning and dyeing. 

SCM'MA-RI-LY, ad. In few words; concisely; in 
a short way or method. 

SuM'MA-RY, a. Reduced to a narrow compass. — 
Stn. Brief; concise; compendious; succinct. 

SuM'MA-RY, n. An abridged account ; an abstract 
or compendium containing the substance of a full- 
er account; abridgment, which see. 

SUM-Ma'TIOX, ft. The act of forming a sum o~ 
a total amount ; an aggregate. 

SuM'MER, ft. A large stone laid over columns or 
pilasters; a large timber or beam laid as a cen- 
tral floor-timber. 

SuM'MER, ft. The hot season. Indian summer, 
in the United States, a period of warm weather 
late in autumn. 

SuM'MER, v. i. To pass the season of summer. 

SuM'MER-FaL-LoW (-fal-16), n. A fallow made 
during the summer months to kill weeds. 

SuM'MER-HOUSE, ft. A house or apartment in 
a garden for summer use ; a house for residence 
in summer. 

SuM'MER-SET, n. A leap heels over head. 

SuM'MIT, ft. The top ; highest point. 

SuM'MIT-LESS, a. Having no summit. 

SuM'MOX, v. t. To call or cite by authority.— 
Syn. To notify ; convene ; bid ; invite. 

SuM'MON-ER, n. One who summons. 

SuM'MON*, ft. sing. A call by authority; cita- 
tion. 

+SuM'MUM Bo'XUM. [£.] The greatest good. 

SuMP'TER, ft. A pack-horse. 

SuMPT'u-A-RY (sumt'yu-a-ry), a. Relating to ex- 
pense ; regulating expense. Sumptuary laws 
are those which limit the expenses of citizens in 
dress, food, &c. 

SuMPT'u-OUS (sumt'yn-us), a, Characterized by 
expense or magnificence. — Sy>\ Costly ; splen- 
did ; magnificent; princely. 

SOMPT'u-OUS-LY (sumt'yu-us-), ad In a mag- 
nificent manner. 

SuMPT'u-OUS-XESS (sumt'yu-us-), ft. The state 
or quality of costliness; splendor. 

S6N, ft. The luminary that enlightens and warms 
the earth ; any thing splendid or luminous. 

SuX, v L t To expose to or warm by the sun. 

SuN'BeAM, ft. A ray of light from the sun. 

SuX'-BeAT, a. Shone on or tanned by the sun. 



SuX'-BRiGHT, a. Bright as the sun. 

SCN'-BCRN.E'D (-burud), a. Brown or tanned by 
the sun. 

SuN'DaY, n. The Christian Sabbath ; the first 
day of the week. Sec Sabbath. 

SuX'DER, ft. In sunder, in two. 

SCN'DER, v. t. To disunite in almost any man- 
ner ; to part, separate, or divide. 

SCX'-Dl-AL, n. An instrument to 6how the time 
of day by the shadow of a pin or gnomon on a 
plate divided into hours. 

SuN'DRIES (sun'driz), ft. pi. Divers things. 

SuX'DRY, a. More than one or two. — Syn. Di- 
vers; several; many; various. 

SuXK'iJN (53) (sunk'kn), a. Lying in the bottom 
of a river or other water. 

SuN'LESS, a. Wanting sunbeams ; gloomv. 

SuN'-LIGHT (-lite), n. The light of the sun. 

SuN'-LiT, a. Lighted by the sun. 

SuN'NY, a. Exposed to the sun ; proceeding from 
the sun ; like the sun ; bright. 

SuN"'Ri$E, \ ft. First appearance of the sun in 

SuX'RlS-IXG,i the morning. 

SuX'SET, \ ft. The disappearance of the 

SuX'SET-TIXGJ sun at the close of the day. 

SuX'SHiXE, ft. The light of the sun; a place 
warmed and illuminated. 

SuX'SHiXE, \a. Bright with the sun's rays; 

SuX'SHIX-Y^ clear. 

SuX'-STRoKE, ft. A stroke of the sun or his 
heat, often occasioning an inflammation of the 
brain. 

+Su'0 Ju'RE. [L.] In one's own right. 

*Su'0 MaR'TE. IL.J By his own strength or ex- 
ertion. 

SuP, v. t. To take into the mouth with the lips, 
as a liquid; to sip; v. i. to eat the evening meal. 

SuP, ft. A little taken with the lips; a sip ; a 
_small mouthful. 

Su'PER, a prefix, denotes above or upon. 

Su'PER-A-BLE, a. That may be overcome. 

Su'PER-A-BLE-XESS, ft. The quality of being 
_conquerable or surmountable. 

Su'PER-A-BLY, ad. So as may be overcome. 

SU-PER-A-BOUXD'. v. i. To be very abundant. 

SU-PER-A-BOUXDTXG, a. Very abundant. 

SU-PER-A-BuXD'AXCE, n. More than is suffi- 
cient. 

SU-PER-A-BuXD'AXT, a. More than enough. 

SU-PER-A-BuXD'AXT-LY, ad. In great plenty. 

SU-PER-aDD', v. t. To add over and above. 

SU-PER-AD-Di"TIOX (-ad-dish'un), ft. The act 
of superadding; that which is added. 

SU-PER-AX-G£L'I€, a. Superior to the angels. 

SU-PER-aX'XU-aTE, v. t To impair bv old age. 

SU-PER-aX'XU-a-TED, a. Impaired by old age. 

SU-PER-AX-XU-a'TIOX, ft. State of being too 
old for office or business. 

SU-PeRB' (13), a. Characterized by splendor, mag- 
nificence, grandeur, &c. — Syn. Grand; elegant; 
pompous; showy; august; stately; splendid. 

SU-PeRB'LY, ad. In a magnificent or splendid 
manner; grandly; magnificently. 

SU-PER-CaR'GO, ft. A person in a merchant 
ship, whose business is to manage the sales, and 
superintend ail the commercial concerns of a voy- 
age, [haughty; dictatorial. 

SU-PER-CiL'IOL"S (-sil'yus), a. Lolty with pride ; 

SU-PER-CIL'IOUS-LY, ad. With haughtiness; 
with an air of contempt; dogmatically. 

SU-PER-CIL'IOUS-XES3, ft. Overbearing tem- 
per; haughtiness. 

SL-PER-DOM'I-XANT, ft. In music, the sixth of 
the key in the descending scale. 

SU-PER-£M'I-XEXCE, ft. Eminence superior to 
what is common. 

SU-PER-eM'1-XEXT. a. Eminent in a high de- 
gree ; surpassing others in excellence. 

SU-PER-eM'1-XEXT-LY. ad. In a superior de- 
gree; with unusual distinction. 



DOVE, WOLF, BOOK ; RULE, BULL ; Vl"ciOUS. — € as K 



J ; s as z ; cu as sn ; this. * Sot English. 



SUP 



452 



SUP 



SU-PER-eR'O-GaTE, v. i. To do more than duty 
requires. 

SU-PER-ER-O-Ga'TION, n. A doing more than 
duty requires. 

SU-PER-E-RoG'A-TO-RY, a. Being more than 
duty requires. 

SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENCE, n. Superior excellence. 

SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENT, a. Very excellent ; ex- 
cellent in an uncommon degree. 

SU-PER-FE-Ta'TION, n. A second conception on 
a former one, and before the birth of the first. 

SU-PER-FI"CIAL (-fish'al), a. Being on or per- 
taining to the surface ; not penetrating the sur- 
face of a thing ; composing the surface or exte- 
rior part; shallow; not deep or profound. 

SU-PER-Fi"CIAL-LY, ad. On the surface only; 
without going deep or searching into things. 

SU-PER-Fi"CIAL-NESS, n. Shallowness. 

SU-PER-Fi"ClE$ (-f ish'ez), n. Surface ; exte- 
rior part. A superficies consists of length and 
breadth. 

Su'PER-FINE, a. Very fine ; surpassing in fine- 
ness. 

SU-PER-FLu'I-TY, n. That which is beyond what 
is wanted ; something rendered unnecessary by 
its abundance. — Syn. Superabundance; excess; 
redundancy. 

SU-PeR'FLU-OUS (13), a. Exceeding what is 
wanted ; more than si^fficient. — Syn. Unnecssary ; 
useless; exuberant; needless. 

SU-PeR'FLU-OUS-LY, ad. In a superfluous de- 
gree. 

SU-PeR'FLU-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being 
superfluous or beyond what is wanted. 

SU-PER-HO'MAN, a. Beyond what is human ; 
divine. [else. 

SU-PER-IM-Po$E', v. t. To lay on something 

SU-PER-IN-CuM'BENT, a. Resting on. 

SU-PER-IN-DuCE', v. t. To bring in or upon, as 
an addition to something else. 

SU-PER-IN-Du€'TION, n. Act of superinducing. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND', v. t. To have or exercise the 
charge and oversight of; to take care of with au- 
thority. — Syn. To oversee; overlook; supervise; 
direct; control. 

SU-PEE-IN-TeND'ENCE, ? n. Care and over- 

SU-PER-IN-TeXD'EN-CY,]" sight for the pur- 
pose of direction and with authority to direct. 

SU-PER-IN-TeND'ENT, n. One who has the 
oversight or charge. — Syn. Manager ; overseer ; 
inspector; director. 

SU-PER-IN-T£ND'ER,n. One that superintends. 

SU-Pe'RI-OR, a. More elevated in place, rank, 
character, &c. ; surpassing others; being above 
powjir or influence ; higher ; greater. 

SU-Pe'RI-OR, n. One older or higher in rank ; 
that which excels ; chief of an abbey, &c. 

SU-PE-RI-6R'I-TY, n. The quality of being above 
others. — Syn. Pre-eminence; excellence; ascend- 
ency; prevalence. 

SU-PeR'LA-TiVE (13), n. In grammar, the su- 
perlative or highest degree of comparison in ad- 
jectives. 

SU-PeR'LA-TiVE, a. Being of the highest de- 
gree. 

SU-PeR'LA-TiVE-LY, ad. In the highest degree. 

SU-PeR'LA-TiVE-NESS, n. State or quality of 
being in the highest degree. 

SU-PER-Lu'NAR, \a. Being above the moon ; 

SU-PER-Lu'NA-RY,/ not sublunary. 

SU-PeR'NAL, a. Being in a higher place or re- 
gion ; locally higher ; relating to things above ; 
celestial ; heavenly. 

SU-PER-Na'TANT, a. Swimming on the top. 

SU-PER-NAT'u-RAL (-nat'yu-ral), a. Being above 
or beyond the laws of nature ; miraculous. — Syn. 
Preternatural. — Preternatural signifies beside 
nature, and supernatural above or beyond nature. 
"What is very greatly aside from the ordinary 
course of things is preternatural ; what is con- 



trary to the established laws of the universe is 
supernatural. The dark day which terrified all 
Europe nearly a century ago was preternatural ; 
the resurrection of the dead is supernatural. 

SU-PER-NAT'u-RAL-I*M,) n. The state of be- 

SU-PRA-NAT'u-RAL-ISM,/ ing supernatural; 
the doctrine of a supernatural and divine agency. 

SU-PER-NaT'u-RAL-LY, ad. In a manner be- 
yond the laws of nature. 

SU-PER-Nu'MER-A-RY, a. Exceeding the num- 
ber prescribed or necessary. 

SU-PER-Nu'MER-A-RY, n. A person or thing be- 
yond the expected or usual number ; applied also 
to military officers designed to supply the place 
of those who may fall in battle. 

SU-PER-PO-$i"TION (-po-zlsh'un), n. A placing 
above ; a placing or lying on something. 

SU-PER-ROY'AL, a. Denoting a kind of print- 
jng-paper one size larger than royal. 

Su'PER-SALT, n. A salt with a greater number 
of equivalents of the acid than of the base. 

SU-PER-SaT'u-RaTE, v. t. To supply to excess. 

SU-PER-SCRIBE', v. t. To write above or on the 
cover ; to write the name or address of one on the 
outside or cover. 

SU-PER-SCRIP'TION, n. A writing over or on 
the outside ; an impression of letters on coins. 

SU-PER-SeC'O-LAR, a. Being above the world 
or secular things. 

SU-PER-SEDE', v. t. To make void or ineffica- 
cious; to take the place of. — Syn. To overrule; 
succeed ; set aside. 

+SU-PER-Se'DE-AS, n. [£.] In law, a writ to su- 
persede, thatjs, to stay proceedings. 

SU-PER-SeD'uRE, n. The act of superseding. 

SU-PER-STi"TION (-stish'un), n. Excessive rig- 
or in religious opinions or practice ; false relig- 
ion ; false worship ; unfounded belief in extraor- 
dinary events, or in omens and prognostics. — 
Syn. Fanaticism. — Superstition springs from the 
imagination in a gloomy state; fanaticism from 
this same faculty in a state of high-wrought and 
self-confident excitement. The former leads to 
weak fears or excessive scrupulosity as to out- 
ward observances ; the latter to an utter disre- 
gard of reason under the false assumption of en- 
joying a direct guidance from on high. 

SU-PER-STI/'TIOUS (-stish'us), a. Scrupulous to 
excess ; bigoted ; full of scruples in regard to re- 
ligion. 

SU-PER-STI"TIOUS-LY, ad. In a superstitious 
manner. 

SU-PER-STi'TIOUS-NESS, n. Superstition. 

SU-PER-STRa'TUM, n. ; pi. Su-pek-stra'ta. A 
layer or stratum above another, or resting on 
something else. 

SU-PER-STRu€T', v. t. To build on any thing. 

SU-PER-STRu€'TION, n. Building on some- 
thing. 

SU-PER-STRu€T'iVE, a. Built or erected on 
something else. 

SU-PER-STRu€T'uRE (-strukt'yur), n. What is 
built on something else. 

SU-PER-VeNE', v. i. To come extraneously ; to 
come upon ; to happen to. 

SU-PER-Ve'NI-ENT, a. Coming as extraneous. 

SU-PER-VeN'TION, n. A coming' of something 
added ; the act of supervening. 

SU-PER-VI'SAL (-vi'zal), \ n. The act of in- 

SU-PER-ViS'ION (-vizh'un),j specting ; an over- 
seeing. 

SU-PER-VTSE' (-vizeO, v. t. To oversee for direc- 
tion ; to superintend ; to inspect. 

SU-PER-VI'SOR, n. An overseer or inspector. 

SU-PER-Vi'SO-RY, a. Having supervision. 

SU-PER-VIVE', v. t. To outlive; to survive. 

SU-PI-Na'TION, n. A lying with the face up- 
_ward. 

Su'PiNE, n. A word formed from a verb, or a 
modification of a verb. 



1, b, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cabe, fae, last, fall, what; there, teem; marine, bird; move, 



SUP 



453 



SUE 



SU-PiNE', a. Having the face upward ; leaning 
backward, or inclining with the face to the sun. 
— Syn. Negligent; heedless; inattentive. 

SU-PIXE'LY, ad. With the face upward; care- 
less v. 

SU-PiNE'NESS, n. A lying with the face up- 
ward : the state of being heedless. — Syn. Care- 
lessness; indolence; drowsiness. 

SCP'PER, n. The evening meal ; an entertainment 
given at fashionable evening parties. 

SuP'PER-LESS, a. Having no supper. 

SUP-PLANT', v. t. To remove or displace by 
stratagem, or to displace and take the place of. — 
Syn. To remove; displace; undermine; super- 
sede. 

SUP-PL AX-Ta'TION, n. Act of supplanting. 

SUP-PLaNT'ER, 11. One who supplants or under- 
mines. 

SuP'PLE (sup'pl), a. Easily bent; characterized 
by compliance ; bending to the humor of others. 
— Syn. Pliant; flexible; yielding; fawning. 

SuP'PLE, v. t. or v. i. To make or become pliable 
or compliant. 

SuP'PLe-MENT, n. An addition to any thing by 
which it is made more complete. 

SUP-PLE-MeNT'AL, \ a. Additional ; added to 

SUP-PLe-MENT'A-RY,} supply what is wanted. 

SuP'PLE-NESS (siip'pl-), n. The quality of being 
easily bent; readiness of compliance. — Syn. Pli- 
ancy ; _flexibility. 

SuP'PLe-TO-RY, a. Supplying deficiency. 

SuP'PLI-ANT, a. Asking earnestly and submis- 
sively; manifesting entreaty, as a suppliant pos- 
ture. — Syn. Entreating; suing; imploring; beg- 
ging. 

SuP'PLI-ANT, n. A humble petitioner. 

SCP'PLI-ANT-LY, ad. In a suppliant manner. 

SuP'PLI-CANT, n. One who petitions or begs ; a. 
entreatingj asking submissively. 

SCP'PLI-CaTE, v. t. or v. i. To seek by earnest 
praver. — Syn. To entreat; implore; beseech. 

SUP-PLI-C a'TION, n. A humble petition ; suit ; 
earnest praver in worship ; request. 

SuP'PLT-€A-TO-RY, a. Containing entreaty. 

SUP-PLI'ER, n. One that supplies. 

SUP-PLlES' (-pllze'), n., pi. of Sup-ply. Things 
supplied in sufficiency ; in England, moneys 
granted by Parliament for public expenditure. 

SUP-PLY"', v. t. To fill or furnish what is wanted ; 
to serve instead of. — Syn. To furnish ; provide ; 
contribute ; administer ; give ; bring. 

SUP-PLY', n. Sufficiency of things for use or want. 

SUP-P5RT', n. The act of upholding or sustain- 
ing ; that which upholds ; a prop ; necessaries of 
life or means. — Syn. Stay; prop; maintenance; 
subsistence; succor; patronage. 

SUP-PoRT'. v. t. To bear or uphold without sink- 
ing or being overcome ; to sustain a part well; to 
sustain with provisions, &c. ; to back up or sec- 
ond ; to defend successfully, as a cause ; to aid or 
attend at some public occasion. — Syn. To main- 
tain; endure; uphold; protect; nurture; shield; 
forward. 

SUP-PORT'A-BLE, a. That may be sustained. 

SUP-PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality 
of being tolerable. 

SUP-PoRT'ER, n. He or that which sustains. 

SUP-PoS'A-BLE, a. That may be supposed. 

SUP-Po$'AL (-po'zal), n. A supposition ; some- 
thing supposed. 

SUP-PoSE', v. t. To lay down without proof; to 
imagine ; to require to exist or be true. — Syn. To 
assume; conjecture; conclude; imagine; judge. 

SUP-PoS'ER. n. One that supposes. 

SUP-PO-$I"TION (-zish'un), n. Belief without 
evidence ; something supposed ; hypothesis. 

SUP-PO$-I-TI"TIOUS (-poz-e-tish'us), a. Not 
genuine ; illegitimate ; put by trick in the place 
of another. [trickish substitution. 

SUP-POS-I-Ti'TIOUS-LY (-tish'us-ly), ad. By 



SUP-Po$'I-TiVE, a. Implying a snpposition. 

SUP-PReSS', v. t. To overpower and crush ; to 
withhold from utterance or vent ; to hinder from 
circulation. — Syn. To repress; restrain; over- 
throw ; conceal ; stop ; smother. 

SUP-PReS'SION (-presh'un), n. The act of sup- 
pressing; concealment. 

SUP-PRESS'iVE, a. Tending to suppress ; subdu- 
ing; concealing. 

SUP-PReSS'OR, n. One who suppresses. 

SuP'PU-RaTE, v. t. or v. i. To cause suppura- 
tion ; to generate matter or pus. 

SUP-PU-Ra'TION. n. The process of forming pus 
or matter, as in a wound or abscess. 

SuP'PU-Ra-TiVE, n. A medicine that promotes 
suppuration ; a. promoting suppuration. 

+Su'PRA, a prefix, signifies above or beyond. 

SU-PRA-MuN'DaNE, n. Being above the world. 

SU-PRA-NaT'u-RAL-i$M, n. The state of being 
supernatural ; supernaturalism. 

SU-PReM'A-CY, n. Highest authority ; state of 
being supreme. 

SU-PReME', a. Highest in authority; greatest; 
chief; principal. 

SU-PREME'LY, ad. In the highest degree. 

SuR, a prefix, signifies over, upon, beyond. 

Su'RAL, n. Pertaining to the calf in the leg. 

SuR'BaSE, ii. A border or molding above the base. 

SUR-BaSE'MENT, n. The trait of an arch which 
describes a portion of an ellipse. 

SUR-CEASE', v. i. To cease; to be at an end. 

SUR-CHaRgE', v. t. To overcharge ; to fill to ex- 
cess ; n. excessive load ; repletion. 

SUR-CHaRg'ER, ix. One that overloads. 

SCR'CIN G -GLE (sur'sing-gl), n. A belt, band, or 
girt which passes over any thing laid on a horse's 
back to bind it on. 

SuR'CLE (sur'kl), n. A little shoot; a sucker. 

SuR'CoAT, n. A short coat worn over the other 
clothes. 

SuRD, n. A quantity whose root can not be exact- 
ly expressed in numbers. 

SCRD, a. Deaf; designating a quantity whose root 
can not exactly be expressed in numbers. 

SCRE (shure), a. Not liable to be broken or to fail ; 
certainly knowing or having full confidence of ob- 
taining. — Syn. Certain; unfailing; stable; firm; 
confident; positive; secure. 

St'RE, ad. Certainly ; without doubt. 

SuRE'-FQOT-ED (shure'-), a. Not apt to stumble. 

SuRE'LY (shure'-), ad. Certainly; infallibly; un- 
doubtedly. 

SuRE'NESS (shure'-), n. Certainty; truth; firm- 
ness. 

SuRE'TI-SHIP, n. A being bound for another. 

SuRE'TY (shure'ty), n. A bondsman; one who 
gives bail; certainty; security; foundation of 
stability; evidence. 

SuRF, n. A swell or continual swell of the sea 
which breaks on the shore. 

SuR'FACE, n. The exterior part of any thing that 
has length and breadth; the outside. 

SuR'FEIT (sur'fit), n. Fullness by excessive eat- 
ing, &c 

SuR'FEIT (sur'fit), v. t. or v. i. To feed or to be 
fed so as to oppress the stomach ; to clog. 

SuR'FEIT-ER (sur'fit-er), n. One who riots; a 
glutton. 

SuRgE, n. A large wave or billow. 

SuRgE, v. i. To swell, as rolling waves; to rise 
high. 

SuRgE'LESS, a. Free from surges. 

SuR'gEON (siir'jun), n. One who undertakes to 
cure external diseases or injuries of the body by 
! manual operations. 

SuR'gEON-CY, n. Office of a surgeon. 
' SuR'gER-Y, n. The art or act of healing external 
i injuries of the body. 

SuR'gI-CAL, a. Pertaining to surgery. 
| SuR'gY, a. Rising in billows ; swelling high. 



dove, wolf, dook; eule, dull; VI cious.- 



CH as su ; mis. * Sot English. 



SUR 



454 



sus 



SuR'LI-LY, ad. In a surly, morose manner ; crab- 
bedly. 

SuR'LI-NESS, n. Gloomy moroseness ; crossness ; 
erabbedness. 

SuR'LOIN, n. See Sirloin. 

SuR'LY, a. Gloomily cross or morose ; crabbed ; 
sour; rough. 

SUR-MISE', v. t. To imagine without certain 
knowledge ; to suspect ; to think. 

SUR-Mi$E', n. The thought or imagination that 
something may be, without certain knowledge. 
— Syn. Conjecture; supposition; suspicion; no- 
tion. 

SUR-MO UNT', v. t. To rise above ; to be superior 
to ; to go beyond. — Syn. To overcome ; conquer ; 
surpass ; exceed. 

SUR-MOUNT'A-BLE, a. That can be overcome. 

SUR-MOUNT'ER, n. One that overcomes. 

SuR'NaME, n. A name added to the baptismal 
name : and which thus becomes the family name. 

SUR-NaME', v. t. To call by a name added to the 
original name. 

SUR-PASS' (6), v. t. To go beyond in any thing, 
good or bad. — Syn. To outdo ; exceed ; excel. 

SUR-PaSS'A-BLE, a. That may be surpassed. 

SuR'PLiCE (sur'plis), n. A white garment worn 
by clergymen of some churches. 

SuR'PLiCE-FEE$, n. pi. Pees paid to the En- 
glish clergy for occasional services. 

SuR'PLUS, \ n. Overplus ; excess beyond 

SCR'PLUS-AtrE, j what is wanted. 

SUR-PRi'SAL, n. Act of coming upon suddenly or 
unexpectedly; the state of being surprised. 

SUR-PRISE', n. Wonder suddenly excited ; the 
act of coming upon unawares : state of being 
taken unexpectedly. — Syn. Wonder ; astonish- 
ment; amazement. 

SUR-PRiSE', v. t. To come or fall on unexpected- 
ly; to excite wonder in; to confuse; to take un- 
awares. 

SUR-PRIS'ING, a. Exciting surprise.— Syn. Won- 
derful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonishing. 

SUR-PRI$'ING-LY, ad. In a manner to excite sur- 
prise, [butter. 

SUR-RE-BuT', v. i. To reply to a defendant's re- 

SUR-RE-BfjT'TER, n. A plaintiff's reply to a de- 
fendant's rebutter. 

SUR-RE-JOIN', v. i. To reply to a defendant's re- 
joinder. 

SUR-RE-JOIN'DER, n. Answer of a plaintiff to a 
defendant's rejoinder. 

SUR-ReN'DER, v. t. To yield to the power of an- 
other ; to give up ; to resign ; to yield to any pas- 
sion, influence, or power. , 

SUR-ReN'DER, v. ?'. To yield; to give up one's 
self into the power of another. 

SUR-ReN'DER. ) n. The act of yielding posses- 

SUR-ReN'DRY, j sion to another. 

SUR-ReN'DER-ER, n. The tenant who surrenders 
an est ;te into the hands of his lord. 

SUR-ReP'TION, n. A coming unperceived. 

SUR-REP-Ti"TJOUS (-tish'us), a. Done by stealth 
or fraudulently; secret. 

SUR-EEP-Ti"TIOUS-LY (-tish'us-ly), ad. By 
stealth ; fraudul ntly. 

SuR'RO-GaTE, n. In a general sense, a delegate, 
deputy, or a substitute ; in parts of the United 
States, one who has the probate of wills. 

SUR-ROUND', v. t. To inclose on all sides; to 
fence about. — Syn. To environ; encompass; in- 
vest. 

SUR-SoL'ID, n. The fifth power of a root. 

SUR-ToUT' (sur-toof), n. A close overcoat. 

+SUR-VEII/LANCE (sur-val'yance), n. [Fr.] In- 
spection ; watch. 

SUR-VEY' (sur-vaO, v. t. To view attentively ; to 
inspect; to examine with a reference to condi- 
tion, situation, and value ; to measure, as land. 

SuR'VEY (sur'va), n. A particular view or exam- 
ination of any thing, as the survey of a country, 



'I-TY, I n. 

:-NESS,f 



The quality of re- 



of the coasts, of a piece of property, &c. ; a strict 
examination into the state of a ship, made by of- 
ficers appointed for the purpose. 

SUR-VEY'AL (sur-vu'al), n. The act of making a 
survey ; a viewing. 

SUR-VEY'ING (-va'ing), n. That branch of math- 
ematics which teaches the art of measuring land. 

SUR-VEY'OR (-va'or), n. An overseer ; one who 
measures land ; an inspector of goods, highways, 
&c. 

SUR-VEY'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a surveyor. 

SUR-Vi'VAL, n. A living beyond another. 

SUR-Yl'VANCE, n. Survivorship. 

SUR-VlVE', y. t. To live beyond the life of an- 
other, or beyond any event. 

SUR-VlVE', v. i. To remain alive. 

SUR-ViV'ER,> n. One who outlives another; the 

SUR-VlV'OR,J longer liver of two joint tenants. 

SUR-YIV'OR-SHIP, n. The state of surviving 
others ; the office of a survivor, in law. 

SUS-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE- 

or admitting some change, affection, or passion. 
— Syn. Capability; sensibility; emotion. 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE, a. Capable of receiving; im- 
pressible; tender; having nice sensibility. 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of sus- 
ceptibility. 

SUS-CeP'TI-BLY, ad. In a susceptible manner. 

SUS-CEP'TiVE, a. Capable of admitting. 

SUS-CiP'I-EN-CY, n. The act or state of recep- 
tion ; admission. 

SUS-CiP'1-ENT, a. Having the power or quality 
of receiving ; admitting. 

SUS-CIP'I_-ENT, n. One who takes or admits. 

SuS'CI-TaTE, v. t. To rouse to life and action ; to 
excite ; to stir up. 

SUS-PeCT', v. t. To imagine or mistrust some- 
thing on slight evidence; to hold to be uncer- 
tain. — Syn. To doubt; conjecture; mistrust. 

SUS-PeCT', v. i. To imagine guilt. 

SUS-P£€T'ED-LY, ad. So as to be suspected. 

SUS-PeCT'ED-NESS, n. State of being suspected. 

SUS-PeCT'ER, n. One who suspects. 

SUS-PeND', v. t. To attach to something above; 
to make defend on ; to cause to cease for a time ; 
to debar from any privilege; to hold in a state 
undetermined. — Syn. To hang; intermit; delay. 

SUS-PeND'ER, n. One that suspends. 

SUS-PeND'ER$, n. 2>l. Straps to sustain panta- 
loons; braces. 

SUS-PeNSE', n. State of uncertainty; doubt. 

SUS-PeN'SION (-pt-n'shun), n. The act of hang- 
ing up; cessation for a time; temporary priva- 
tion of powers. 

SUS-PeN'SIVE, a. Being doubtful; uncertain. 

SUS-PEN'SO-RY, a. That suspends or holds for a 
time ; n. a truss. 

SUS-Pi"CION (sus-pish'un), n. Act of suspecting. 
— Syn. Mistrust; jealousy; doubt. 

SUS-Pi"CIOUS (-pish'us), a. Apt to suspect; lia- 
ble to be suspected. — Syn. Distrustful; jealous, 
which see. 

SUS-Pi"CIOUS-LY (-pish'us-ly), ad. With sus- 
picion. 

SUS-Pi"CIOUS-NESS, n. Liableness to suspicion. 

SUS-Pi'RAL, n. A breathing-hole or vent. 

SUS-PI-Ra'TION, n. A long breath ; a sigh. 

SUS-PI_RE', v. t. To fetch a long, deep breath. 

SUS-TaIN', v. t. To keep from sinking; to bear 
up; to maintain; to endure. — Syn. To support; 
uphold; assist; relieve, suffer; undergo. 

SUS-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That can be supported. 

SUS-TaIN'ER, n. He or that which sustains. 

SUS-TaIN'MENT, n. The act of sustaining ; sup- 
port. 

SOS'TE-NANCE, n. Food that sustains ; mainte- 
nance ; that which supports life. 

SUS-TEN-Ta'TION, n. Support from falling; 
maintenance of life. 



1, e, &c, long.— I, e, &c, short— care, fae, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, lird; move, 



sus 



455 



SWE 



SU-SUR-Ra'TION, n. A whispering ; soft mur- 
mur. 

SuT'LER, n. One who attends an army to sell 
provisions and liquors to the troops. 

SUT-TEE', n. In India, a widow who is burnt on 
the funeral pile of her husband ; in the Sanscrit, 
a female deity. 

SUT-TEE'ISM, n. The practice of self-immolation 
among widows in Hindostan. 

SuT'OR-AL (Sut'yur-al), a. Relating to suture or 
seam. 

SuT'ORE (siit'yur), n. Literally, a sewing ; hence, 
the uniting parts of a wound by sewing ; the joints 
or seams of the skull. 

SWAB (swob), n. A mop for cleaning floors ; a bit 
of sponge for cleaning the mouth. 

SWAB (swob), v. t. To wipe Avith a swab ; to wipe 
wlien wet or after washing ; to clean a door or 
deck. 

SWAB'BER, n. One who uses a swab. 

SWAD'DLE (swod'dl), v. t. To swathe or bind, as 
with a bandage ; to bind round with clothes, as an 
infant. 

SWAD'DLE (swod'dl), n. Clothes bound round 
the body. 

SWAD'DLING-BaND, \ n. A cloth wrapped 

SWAD'DLING-CLC>TH,j round an infant. 

SWAG, v. i. To sink down by its weight; to lean. 

SWAciE, v. t. To form with a swage ; to fashion a 
piece of iron by drawing it into a groove or mold 
having the required shape. 

SWa6E, n. Among workmen in sheet-iron, a tool 
used for making moldings upon sheet-iron. 

SWAG'GER, v. i. To boast or brag noisily; to 
bully; to bluster. 

SWaG'GER-ER, n. One who brags and bullies ; 
a boastful, noisy fellow. 

SWAG'GY, a. Hanging or leaning by its weight. 

SWaIN, n. A youth; one employed in husbandry. 

SWaLE, v. i. To melt and run down, as a candle. 

SWaLE, n. A tract of low land ; an interval. 

SWAL'LoW (swol'lo), n. A genus of birds having 
great swiftness of flight. 

SWAL'LuW, v. t. To take down the throat; to 
draw into an abyss ; to exhaust ; to receive im- 
plicitly; to engross; to engage completely. 

SWAMP (swomp), n. Wet, soft, spongy ground. 

SWAMP (swomp), v. t. To plunge, overset, or sink 
in water, as a boat ; to plunge in inextricable 
difficulties. 

SWAMP'Y, a. Wet, soft, and spongy. 

SWAN (swon), n. A large white water-fowl. 

SWANS'DOWN (swonz'down), n. A fine, soft 
woolen cloth. [nel. 

SWAN'-SKIN (swon'-), n. A fine, soft kind of flan- 

SWAP (swop), v. t. To exchange one thing for an- 
other; to barter; to swop. 

SWARD, n. The grassy surface of land ; turf ; 
that part of the soil which is filled with the roots 
of grass, forming a kind of mat. 

SWARD, v. t. To cover with sward. 

SWARD'ED, a. Covered with sward. 

SWARD'Y, a. Covered with sward or grass. 

SWARM, n. A large number or body of small an- 
imals or insects iu motion ; a great multitude or 
assemblage. 

SWARM, v. i. To crowd together; to leave a hive 
in a body, as bees ; to appear or collect in a 
croAvr 1 ; to run ; to thvong together ; to be crowd- 
ed ; to breed multitudes ; to climb up a tree, &c. 

SWARM, v. t. To crowd or throng. 

SWART, X a. Being of dark hue ; moderately 

SWARTH,{ black; tawny. 

SWARTH'I-LY, ad. With a tawny hue ; duskily. 

SWARTH'I-NESS, n. A dark complexion. 

SWARTH'Y (swor'thy), a. Of a dark hue ; tawny ; 
black. 

SWASH (swosh), n. A blustering noise, vapor- 
ing; violent flow of water or other liquids; a 
narrow sound or channel of water. 



SWATH, n. A line of grass or grain cut and 
thrown together by the scythe in mowing; the 
whole breadth or sweep of a scythe ; a band or 
fillet. 

SWaTHE, v. t. To wrap and bind with cloth, 
bandage, or rollers. 

SWaY (swa), v. t. To move or wave; to wield 
with the hand, as to sway the scepter ; to cause 
to lean to one side ; to influence or direct by pow- 
er, &c. — Syn. To swing; move; wave; bias; rule. 

SWaY, v. i. To be drawn to one side; to lean; 
tojhave weight or influence ; to bear rule. 

SWaY (swa), n. Any thing moving with bulk or 
power; preponderance of power, influence, &c. ; 
weight or authority inclining to one side. — Syn. 
Rule ; direction ; power ; ascendency. 

SWeAL, v. i. To melt and run down ; to waste 
away, as tallow. 

SWEAR (4) (sware), v. i. \_pret. and pp. Swoee; pp. 
Swohn.] To affirm with a solemn appeal to God 
for the truth of what is affirmed ; to give evidence 
on oath ; to be profane. 

SWEAR, v. t. To cause to take an oath ; v. i. to de- 
clare or charge upon oath. [son. 

SWEAR'ER, n. One who swears; a profane per- 

SWEAR'ING (sware'-), n. Profaneness; utterance 
of oaths. 

SWEAT (swot), n. The sensible moisture which 
issues through the pores of an animal. 

SWEAT (swSt), v. t. or v. i. \_pret. and pp. Sweat 
or Sweated.] To produce or emit moisture 
through the pores j to toil ; to drudge. 

SWEAT'I-NESS (swGt'te-ness), n. Moisture from 
sweat. 

SWEATY (swut'ty), a. Moist with sweat. 

SWe'DISH, a. Pertaining to Sweden. 

SWEEP, v. t. [pret. and pp. Swept.] To clean or 
brush with a broom ; to pass along ; to fetch a 
long stroke; to carry with a long swing or drag- 
ging motion ; to draw or drag over. 

SWEEP, v. i. To pass with swiftness and vio- 
lence ; to pass with pomp ; to move with a long 
reach. 

SWEEP, n. Act of sweeping; compass or range 
of any turning body or motion; a large oar; a 
chimney -sweeper. 

SWEEP'ER, n. One that sweeps. 

SWEEP'ING-LY, ad. By sweeping. 

SWEEP'INGS, n. pi. What is swept together; 
refuse things collected by sweeping. 

SWEEP'STaKE, n. One who wins all. 

SWEEP'STaKES, n. pi. The whole money or 
other things staked or won at a horse-race. 

SWEEP'Y, a. Passing over a great compass. 

SWEET, a. Grateful to the taste, smell, ear, or 
eye ; not sour ; fresh. — Syn. Sugary ; saccharine ; 
luscious. 

SWEET, n. That which is sweet; something pleas- 
ing or grateful to the mind ; a word of fondness. 

SWEET'-BReAD, n. The pancreas, a gland of 
the body below the stomach. 

SWEET'-BRi-ER, n. A fragrant shrub. 

SWEETEN (53) (swe'tn), v. t. To make sweet; to 
make pleasing or grateful to the mind ; to soften ; 
to make delicate ; to restore to purity. 

SWEETEN, v. i. To become sweet. 

SWEET'^N-ER (swe'tn-er), n. That which gives 
sweetness; he that palliates ; that which moder- 
ates acrimony. 

SWEET'-HEART, n. A lover or one beloved. 

SWEET'ING, n. 
dearment. 

SWEET'ISH, a. 
the taste. 

In a sweet manner ; gratefully ; 



A sweet apple ; a word of en- 
Somewhat sweet or grateful to 



SWEETLY, ad. 

delightfully. 

SWEETMEAT, n. Fruit preserved with sugar. 

SWEETNESS, «. Gratefulness to the taste, 
smell, &c. ; the quality of being sweet; agreea- 
bleness of manners; softness; amiableuess. 



dove, wolf, book ; rule, bull ; vi"cxous. — e as k ; (i as j ; s as z ; en as su; this. + Ao< English. 



SWE 



456 



SYM 



SWELL, v. t. [pret. Swelled.] To increase the 
size, dimensions, or bulk of any thing; to aggra- 
vate; to heighten; to enlarge. 

SWELL, v. i. To grow larger ; to dilate or extend. 

SWELL, n. Extension of bulk ; increase, as of 
sound ; a wave or succession of waves. Sivell- 
mob, the bettep-diessed kind of thieves or pick- 
pockets. 

SWELLING, n. A place enlarged ; a tumor ; a 
rising or enlargement by passion. 

SWeLT'ER, v. i. or v. t. To be overcome and 
faint with heat; to oppress with heat. 

SWeLT'RY, a. Suffocating with heat; oppress- 
ive; sultry. 

SWERVE (13), v. %. To deviate or to err from a 
rule; to wander; to bend; to incline; to move 
forward by winding or turning. 

SWERVING, n. The act of wandering; devia- 
tion from any law, rule, or standard. 

SWiFT, a. Moving with celerity. — Syn. Rapid; 
speedy; ready; prompt. [ard. 

SWIFT, n. A reel; a kind of swallow, and a liz- 

SWIFT'LY, ad. Rapidly; with haste or velocity. 

SWIFT'NESS n. Velocity of speed ; rapidity. 

SWIG, v. t. or v. i. To drink in large draughts. 

SWIG, n. A large draught. {.Vulgar. 1 

SWILL, v. t. To drink largely or voraciously. 

SWILL, n. Drink for swine; large draughts of 
liquor. 

SWILL'ER, n. One who drinks voraciously. 

SWIM, v. i. {pret. Swam; pp. Swum.] To be sup- 
ported on a fluid without sinking ; to float ; to 
move in water by means of the hands and feet ; 
to be borne along by a current ; to be dizzy, as 
the head swims ; to overflow or abound. 

SWIM, v. t. To pass or move on. 

SWIM'MER, n. One who swims or can swim. 

SWIM'MING, n. A moving on Avater ; dizziness. 

SWIM'MING-LY, ad. Without obstruction. 

SWIN'DLE, v. t. To defraud grossly or with de- 
liberate artifice. 

SWIN'DLE, n. An act of gross and deliberate 
fraud by false pretenses. 

SWIN'DLER, n. A cheat ; one who defrauds 
grossly or with deliberate artifice. — Syn. Sharp- 
er. — One who obtains money or goods under false 
pretenses is a swindler; one who cheats by sharp 
practice, as in playing at cards or staking what 
he can not pay, is a sharper. 

SWINE, n. sing, and pi. A hog or hogs. 

SWINE'-HkRD, n. A keeper of swine. 

SWlNE'-POX, n. A variety of chicken-pox. 

SWING, v. t. or v. i. Ipret. and pp. Swung.] To 
move when suspended; to move or wind round; 
to practice swinging. 

SWING, n. A waving or vibratory motion ; sweep ; 
unrestrained liberty ; an apparatus for swinging. 

SWI NG'-BRID6E, n. A bridge that may be moved 
by swinging. 

SWINgE, v. t. To beat soundly; to chastise. 

SWING'ER, n. One who swings; one who hurls. 

SWINGTNG, n. The act of swinging ; an exercise 
for health or pleasure. 

SWINGING (swmj'ing), a. Huge; large. {Vul- 
gar.-] 

SWIN'GlNG-LY, ad. Hugely; vastly. 

SWIN G 'GLE (swing'gl), v. t. To clean flax or 
hemp by beating ; to dangle. 

SWIN G 'GLE-TREE (swing'gl-), n. A bar of a car- 
riage, to which the traces are fastened ; a whip- 
ple-tree. 

SWI N G 'G LING-KNIFE,? n. An instrument of 

SWIN G 'GLE (swing'gl), j wood, like a large 
knife, for swingling flax. 

SWIN G 'GLING-ToW, n. The coarse part of flax. 

SWiN'ISH, a. Like swine; gross; brutish. 

SWiNTSH-LY, ad. In a swinish manner. 

SWiPE, \ n. The beam, moving on a post or ful- 

SWEEP,j crum, with a bucket at one end, by 
which water is raised in a well. 



SWITCH, n. A flexible twig ; on railways, a mova- 
ble part of the rail, for transferring a car from 
one track to another. 

SWITCH, v. t. To strike with a small twig or rod ; 
to sivitch off, to transfer by means of a switch 
from one line of railway to another. 

SWITCH'MAN, n. One who tends a railroad 
switch. 

SWIVEL (swlv'vl), n. A ring turning on a staple ; 
a small cannon fixed on a socket, so as to be turn- 
ed round. 

SWIVEL, v. t. or v. i. To turn on a movable pin. 

SWoB'BER ( ^ ee SwAB ' Swabber. 

SWOON, v. i. To faint ; to sink into a fainting- 
fit. 

SWOON, n. A fainting-fit ; syncope. 

SWOON'ING, n. A fainting; syncope. 

SWOOP, v. t. To fall on with a sweeping motion 
and seize; to catch while on the wing. 

SWOOP, v. i. To pass with pomp. 

SWOOP, n. A pouncing on, as a bird of prey. 

SWoP, v. t. To exchange; to barter; to give one 
commodity for another. 

SWoRD (sord), n. A weapon for cutting or stab- 
bing. 

SWoKD'-BeLT, n, A belt to suspend a sword by. 

SWoRD'ED, a. Bearing a sword. 

SWoRD'-FISH, n. A fish with a long nose or 
snout. 

SWoRD'-KNoT (-not), n. A ribbon tied to the 
hilt of a sword. 

SWoRDS'MAN, n. A soldier ; a fighting man. 

SYB'A-RiTE, n. A person devoted to luxury. 

SYB-A-RITTC, a. Luxurious; wanton. 

i>T'€"A-MiNE, in. A species of fig-tree ; also the 

ST'C'A-MoREJ button-wood. 

SY-CEE', n. In China, silver in the shape of small 
half globes, used as currency. 

S?€'0-PHAN-CY, n. Mean tale-bearing; servil- 
ity ; obsequious flattery. 

SYC'0-PHANT, n. An obsequious flatterer; a 
parasite. 

SY€-0-PHANT'I€, \ a. Servilely flattering; 

SYC-O-PH ANT'I€-AL, / courting favor by mean 
adulation. 

SY'0'O-PHANT-lZE, v. t. To play the sycophant. 

SYL-LAB'IC, a. Pertaining to syllables. 

SYL-LABTC-AL-LY, ad. In a syllabic manner. 

SYL-LAB-I-€a'TION, n. The formation of sylla- 
bles, or division of words into syllables. 

SYL'LA-BLE, n. A letter or combination of let- 
ters uttered by one impulse of the voice. 

S¥L'LA-BUS, n. ; pi. Syi/la-bus-es or Syl'la-bT. 
An abstract or compendium containing the heads 
of a discourse. 

SYL-LeP'SIS, n. In grammar, a figure by which 
we conceive the sense of words otherwise than the 
words import, and construe them according to the 
sense of the author. 

S¥L'LO-Gl$M, n. An argument of three proposi- 
tions, of which the two first are called the prem- 
ises, and the last the conclusion. 

SYL-L0-6IS'TI€, a. Pertaining to a syllogism. 

SYL-LO-GlS'TI€-AL-LY, ad. In the syllogistic 
form. 

SyT/LO-GIZE, v. i. To argue syllogistically. 

SYLPH (silf), n. An imaginary being inhabiting 
the air. 

SYLPHTD, n. A diminutive of sylph. 

S? L'VAN. See Silvan. 

STL' VAN, n. A fabled deity of the wood ; a satyr ; 
a faun ; sometimes, a rustic. 

SYM'BOL, n. The sign or representation of any 
moral thing by images or properties of natural 
things ; an emblem or type ; a creed or summary 
of religious belief. 

SYM-B6L'I€, ) a. Representative ; express- 

SYM-BoLTC-AL,/ ing by resemblance or signs; 
relating to creeds. 



2, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; wove, 



SYM 



457 



SYN 



SYM-BoL'I€-AL-LY, ad. By signs: typically. 

SYM'B6L'I€S, n. pi. The science of creeds. 

SYM'BOL-ISM, n. Exposition of symbols; forma- 
tion of creeds. 

SYM'BOL-iZE, v. i. To have a resemblance in 
properties or qualities; to agree; v. t. to make to 
agree in properties ; to make representative of 
something. 

SYM-BoI/O-gY, n. Art of expressing by symbols. 

SYM-MeT'RI-CAL, a. Proportional in its parts. 

SYM-MeT'RI-€AL-LY, ad. With due propor- 
tions. 

S¥ M'ME-TRlZE, v. t. To reduce to proportion. 

S? M'ME-TRY, n. Proportion of parts to each oth- 
er or to the whole ; harmony. See Peopoetion. 

SYM-PA-THET'IC, ? a. Having a common 

SYM-PA-THeT'I€-AL,{ feeling; susceptible of 
being affected by feelings like those of another. 

SYM-PA-TH£T'I€-AL-LY, ad. With common 
feeling. 

SfM'PA-THiZE, v. i. To be like affected with 
others; to have a fellow-feeling with those around 
us, especially in their afflictions. 

S?M'PA-THY, n. The quality of being affected 
in like manner with others ; fellow-feeling with 
those around us, especially in their afflictions. — 
Syn\ Commiseration. — Sympathy is literally a 
fellow-feeling with others in their varied condi- 
tions of joy or of grief. The term, however, is 
now more commonly applied to a fellow-feeling 
with others under affliction, and then coincides 
very nearly with commiseration. In this case it 
is commonly followed by for, as to feel sympathy 
for a friend when we see him distressed. The 
verb sympathize is followed by with, as to sym- 
pathize with a friend in his distresses or enjoy- 
ments. _ [monious. 

SYM-PHo'NI-OUS, a. Agreeing in sound; har- 

SYM'PHO-XY, n. A consonance or harmony of 
sounds agreeable to the ear ; a full concert ; an 
overture or other composition for instruments. 

SYM-PIE-SoM'E-TER, n. A small kind of barom- 
eter much used at sea, because not liable to get 
out of order. 

SYM-Po'$I-A€ (-pf/ze-ak), n. A conference or 
conversation of philosophers at a banquet. 

SYM-Po'SI-OI (-po'zhe-um), n. A drinking to- 
gether ; a merry feast. 

StMP'TOM, n. An indication accompanying a 
disease ; any thing which indicates the existence 
of something else ; token ; sign. 

SYMP-TOM-aT'I€, a. Pertaining to symptoms ; 
proceeding from a prior disease. 

SY3IP-TOM-aT'I€-AL-LY, ad. By symptoms. 

SYX-iER'E-SIS (-er'e-.«is), n. Contraction; the 
shortening of a word by the omission of a letter. 

SYN-A-Gro&'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to a synagogue. 

S"? X'A-GoG-UE, n. An assembly of Jews or their 
place of worship. 

SYX-A-LE'PHA, n. In grammar, a contraction 
of syllables by the suppression of vowels or diph- 
thongs at the end of a word before another vow- 
_el or diphthong. 

SyX'AR-€IIY, n. Joint sovereignty. 

SYX'CHRO-XAL, \ . , , . ( a. Happening 

SYX-CHRoN'IC-AL,; (SU1K " ; ' \ at the same 
time ; simultaneous. 

SyX"CHRO-XISM, n. Simultaneousness; concur- 
rence of two or more events in time. 

S?X'€HRO-XiZE, v. i. To agree in time; to be 
simultaneous. [time. 

S?X'€HRO-XOUS, a. Happening at the same 
SYX'CO-PaTE (sink'-), v. t. To contract, as a word, 
by taking one or more letters from a syllable ; to 
prolong a note in music. 
SYX-€0-Pa'TIOX, n. Contraction of a word; in- 
terruption of regular measure in music ; a pro- 
longing of a note begun on the unaccented part 
of a bar to the accented part of the next bar. 
SYX'CO-PE (sink'-), n. Literally, a cutting off or 



diminution ; hence, the omitting of a letter or syl- 
lable ; the diminution or interruption of the mo- 
tion of the heart producing faintness or swooning. 

ST'X'CO-PIZE, v. t. To shorten by omitting a let- 
ter in the middle of a word. 

S?X'€RE-TI$M, n. The attempted union of prin- 
ciples or parties irreconcilably at variance. 

SfX'DIC, n. A magistrate; an officer of govern- 
ment ; one chosen to act for others. 

SYX'DI-CATE, n. A council of syndics. 

ST'X'DRO-ME, n. Concurrence or combination, as 
of symptoms in a disease. 

SYX-eC'DO-CHE, n. A trope by which a part is 
put for the whole, and the contrary. 

SYX-E€-Do€H'IC-AL (-doVik-al), a. Expressed 
by synecdoche ; implying a synecdoche. 

SYX'OD, n. Originally, a meeting of clergymen 
for consultation; in the Presbyterian Church, a 
body or court next above the presbytery ; a con- 
junction of two or more planets. 

S?"X'OD-AL, n. A pecuniary rent anciently paid 
to bishops; a. relating to a synod. 

SYX-oD'IC, ) a. Done by a synod ; pertain- 

SYX-oD'IC-AL, j ing to a synod ; noting the pe- 
riod in which two heavenly bodies pass from one 
conjunction to another, as a synodical month. 

SYX-oD'I€-AL-LY, ad. By the authority of a 
synod. 

Sy\N'0-NYM, n. ; pi. Syn'o-ntms. A word which 
has the same signification as another word. 

SY-XOX'Y-MA, n. pi. Words having the same 
signification. 

SYX-oX'Y-MiZE, v. t. To express the same mean- 
ing by different words. 

SYX-oX'Y-MOUS, a. The same in meaning ; con- 
veying the same idea. — Syn. Identical. If no 
words are synonymous except those which are 
identical in use and meaning, so that the one can 
in all cases be substituted for the other, we have 
scarcely ten such words in our language. But 
tie term more properly denotes that the words in 
question approach so near to each other that, in 
many or most cases, they can be used interchange- 
ably. (1.) Words may thus coincide in certain 
connections, and so be interchanged, when they 
can not be interchanged in other connections; 
thus we may speak either of strength of mind 
or of force of mind, but we say the force (not 
strength) of gravitation. (2.) Two words may dif- 
fer siightly, but this difference may be unimpor- 
tant to the speaker's object, so that he may freely 
interchange them ; thus it makes but little differ- 
ence, in most cases, whether we speak of a man's 
having secured his object or having attained his 
object. For these and other causes, we have nu- 
merous words which may, in many cases or con- 
nections, be used interchangeably, and these are 
properly called synonyms. 

SYX-oX'Y-MOUS-LY, ad. In the same sense. 

SYX-oX'Y-MY, n. The quality of expressing the 
same meaning in different words. 

SYX-oP'SIS, n. ; pi. Syn-op'ses. A general view 
or a collection of things or parts so arranged as 
to exhibit the whole, or the principal parts, in a 
general view. See Abridgment. 

SYX-oP'TIC, \ a. Affording a general view 
SYX-6P'TI€-AL, J of all the parts. 
SYX-oP'TIC-AL-LY, ad. So as to present a gen- 
eral view in a short compass, 
ovv T \-f!'TTf 1 

SYX^TAC'TIC-AL,; a - Pertaining to syntax. 

ST'X'TAX, n. In grammar, the construction of 
sentences according to correct usage : it includes 
the agreement and srovernment of words. 

S¥X"THE-SIS, n. ; pi Syn'tiie-ses. Literally, 
composition, or putting tilings together; hence, 
in logic, a process of reasoning conducted by fol- 
lowing out principles already proved or assumed, 
to the conclusion. Synthesis is the opposite of 
analysis. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vi"cious. — e as 



j ; s as z ; ch as sh ; mis. * Not English. 



SYN 



45? 



TAD 



SYN-THeT'IC, \ a. Pertaining to synthesis 

SYN-THeT'I€-AL,J or composition. 

SYN-THeT'I€-AL-LY, ad. By synthesis. 

SYPH'I-LIS (sif-), n. The venereal disease. 

SYPH-I-L1T'IC, a. Pertaining to syphilis. 

S¥R'I-AC, a. Pertaining to Syria, as the Syriac 
version of the Pentateuch ; n. the language of 
Syria. 

STR'IXgE, n. A pipe for injecting liquids; v. t. 
to inject or cleanse with a syringe. 

+ SYR'TIS, n. [L.] A quicksand. 

S^S'TEM, n. An assemblage of things adjusted 
into a regular whole; a scheme having many 
parts connected together, as a system of theolo- 
gy ; regular order or method. 

SYS-TEM-ATTC, \ a. Pertaining to system ; 

SYS-TEM-AT'IC-AL,f methodical ; connected ; 
formed with regular connection and adaptation 
of parts to each other. [derly. 

SYS-TEM-aT'IC-AL-LY, ad. With method ; or- 

StS'TEM-A-TlZE,\ v. t. To reduce to system or 

S¥S'TEM-TZE, j order. 

sIsSkSKwd}**; Reduced t0 system - 

S?S'TEM-A-TiZ-ER,\ n. One who reduces to 

S¥S'TEM-IZ-ER, / system. 

SYS'TO-LE, n. The shortening of a syllable ; con- 
traction of the heart and arteries for circulating 
the blood. 

SYS-ToLTC, a. Relating to systole. 

SfS'TT'LE (sis'til), n. An arrangement of col- 
umns so that the spaces between the shafts con- 
sist of two diameters. 

SvTHE. See Scythe. 

S?Z'Y-gY, n. The period of new or full moon, 
when the sun, moon, and earth are in one line. 



HP is a pure mute, not having a vocality lite its 

-*- allied letter D, but only a whispered or aspira- 
ted sound, as in take. Th has an aspirated sound, 
as in thick, and a vocal sound, as in that. 

TAB'ARD, n. A sleeveless coat, now worn only 
by heralds. 

TAB'ARD -ER, n. One who wears a tabard or her- 
ald's coat. 

TAB-A-SHEER', n. A substance found on the 
joints of the bamboo, and used in medicine. 

TAB'BY, a. Brindled ; diversified in color. 

TAB'BY, n. A waved silk, usually watered; an 
artificial stone composed of lime, with shells, 
gravel, &c. 

TaB'BY, v. t. To give a wavy appearance to silk 
fabrics, &c. ; to cause to look wavy. 

TAB-E-FACTION, n. A wasting away, as of flesh 
by disease. 

TAB'ER-NA-CLE, n. A movable building ; a tent ; 
a place of worship to the Israelites when in the 
desert. 

TAB'ER-NA-CLE, v. i. To dwell ; to reside for a 
time._ 

*Ta'Be£ (ta'bcz),n. [I,.] A disease characterized 
by a gradually progressive emaciation of the 
body. 

TAB'ID, a. Wasted by disease. 

TAB'ID-NESS, n. State of being wasted by dis- 
ease. 

TaB'LA-TuRE, n. Painting on walls; manner of 
writing a piece for instruments of music by let- 
ters. 

Ta'BLE, n. A flat surface ; an article of house- 
hold furniture on which things are put ; food or 
entertainment, as a good table; a tablet or plane 
surface on which any thing is written, &c. ; an 
index or synopsis, as a table of contents ; a sys- 
tem of numbers calculated for use in mathemat- 

. ics, as the multiplication table. 



Ta'BLE. v. t. To enter or set down in, as to table 
charges; to lay on the table of a deliberative 
body. 

+TAB'LEAU (tab'16), n. [Fn] A striking and viv- 
j_d representation ; picture. 

Ta'BLE-BOOK, n. A book for noting or tracing 
on without ink ; tablets. 

Ta'BLE-CLoTH, n. A cloth to cover a table. 

+Ta'BLE DTIoTE (ta'bl dote), n. [Fr.] A com- 
mon table for guests at a hotel ; an ordinary. 

Ta'BLE-LaND, n. Elevated flat land. 

Ta'BLFS (ta'blz), n. pi A board for backgam- 
mon ; a sort of draughts. 

TaB'LET, n. A little table ; a flat surface ; some- 
thing fiat oil which to write, paint, draw, or en- 
grave; a medicine in a square form. 

Ta'BLE-TALK (-tawk), n. Conversation at table. 

Ta'BLING, n. A forming into tables; the letting 
one timber into another by alternate scores or 
projections; an entering, as of charges. 

TA-BOO', n. In the isles of the Pacific, a word de- 
noting prohibition; a religious interdict of great 
force among the inhabitants. 

TA-BOO', v. t. To forbid approach to ; to hold 
sacred. 

Ta^BOR, v. i. To play on a tabor or little drum. 

Ta'BOR, n. A small drum used as an accompani- 
ment to a pipe or fife. 

TAB'RET ' ( n ' ^ ^ aDor ' a sma ^ shallow drum. 

TAB'O-Ri'NE (tab'o-reen), n. A tabor; a small 
drum. 

TaB'u-LAR, a. Formed into a table or plate. 

TaB'u-LaTE, v. t. To reduce to a table or tables ; 
to make flat. 

TA-€HT'G'RA-PHY (-kig'ra-fy), n. The art or 
practice of quick writing; stenography; short- 
hand. 

TACIT, a. Implied, but not expressed ; silent. 

TaC'IT-LY, ad. By implication ; with silence. 

TaC'I-TURN, a. Not free to converse ; not apt to 
talk or speak. — Syn. Silent. — Silent has reference 
to the act, taciturn to the habit. A man may be 
silent from circumstances ; he is taciturn from 
disposition. The loquacious man is at times si- 
lent; one who is taciturn may now and then make 
an effort at conversation. 

TAC-I-TuRNT-TY, n. Habitual silence; reserve. 

TACK, n. A small nail; a rope to fasten the low- 
er foremost corner of a sail ; the course of a ship, 
as the starboard tack. 

TACK, v. t. To fasten ; to sew ; to fasten slightly 
by nails. 

TACK, v. i. To change the course of a ship by 
shifting the tacks and position of the sails from 
one side to the other. 

TaCK'LE (tak'kl), n. Ropes and machines for 
raising weights; weapons; the rigging and ap- 
paratus for hoisting sails in a ship. 

TACK'LE, v. t. To harness a horse into a carriage ; 
to lay hold of, as a dog tackles game. 

TaCK'LING, n. Furniture of ships ; harness for 
drawing a carriage. 

TACT, n. Literally, touch ; hence, nice percep- 
tion or discernment ; peculiar skill or aptitude. 

TACTIC, \ a. Pertaining to the art of mili- 

TAC'TIC-AL,f tary and naval dispositions for 
battles, evolutions, &c. 

TAC-Ti"CIAN (-tish'an), n. One versed in tac- 
tics. 

TACTICS, n. pi. The science and art of dispos- 
ing military and naval forces in order for battle, 
&c. 

TACTILE, a. Tangible ; that may be felt. . 

TAC-TiL'I-TY, n. Perceptibility of touch. 

TACTION (tak'shun), n. Touch ; act of touching. 

TACT'LESS, a. Destitute of tact. 

TACT'u-AL (takt'yu-al), a. Pertaining to the 
touch. 

TAD'PoLE, n. A young frog; a porwiggle. 



1, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; these, teum; marine, bird; move, 



T^ED 



459 



TAM 



+Ty£'DI-UM, ?i. [L.] A condition of weariness. 
Ta'EN, a contraction of taken. 
TAF'FER-EL, > n. The uppermost rail of a ship's 
TAFF'RAIL, / stern. 

TaF'FE-TY,} "■ A fine ' glossy silk stuff - 

TAG, n. A metallic point at the end of a string, 
or the string thus pointed; something paltry. 

TAG, n. A common play among hoys. 

TAG, v. t. To fit with a point. 

+TAGLMA (tal'ya), n. lit] In mechanics, a par- 
ticular combination of pulleys. 

TaI L, n. The part of an animal which terminates 
its body behind ; the hinder part of any thing ; 
the lower or inferior part. 

TAIL, n. An estate in tail is a limited fee; an es- 
tate limited to certain heirs. 

TAI'LOR, n. One whose occupation is to make 
men's clothes. 

TAI'LOR-ESS, n. A female who makes garments 
for men. 

TAINT, v. t. To imbue or impregnate with some 
foreign matter which alters, especially in the way 
of injuring ; to fill with infection ; to stain or sul- 
ly, as to taint one's honor. — Syn. To contaminate ; 
defile ; corrupt ; vitiate. 

TAINT, v. i. To be infected or corrupted, as meat 
soon taints in warm weather. 

TAINT, n. The quality of infection ; corruption. 

TaINT'LESS, a. Free from taint or infection. 

TAINT'uRE (tant'yur), n. Taint; defilement; 
spot. 

TAKE, v. t. ipret. Took; pp. Taken.] In a gen- 
eral sense, to get hold or possession of a thing in 
almost any way; hence, to receive what is of- 
fered ; to lay hold of or seize ; to receive ; to 
Beize; to catch; to swallow; to allow; to sup- 
pose ; to hire ; to agree ; v. i. to move or direct 
the course ; to resort to ; to resemble. 

TAK'ER, n. One who takes or apprehends. 

TAK'ING, a. Having attractive qualities; allur- 
ing ; that invites. 

TAK'ING, n. The act of gaining possession; ag- 
itation or distress of mind. 

TaK'ING-NESS, n. The quality of pleasing. 

TAL'BUT, n. A variety of dog, noted for its quick- 
ness of scent. 

TAL€, n. A species of magnesian earth. 

TALCK'Y, a. Like talc; consisting of talc. 

TAL€'oSE, I a. Pertaining to or composed of 

TAL€'OUS,f talc; talcky. 

TaLE, n. A story or narrative of incidents, gen- 
erally trifling; an account set down, or a num- 
ber reckoned ; the disclosure of any thing secret. 

TaLE'BEaR-ER, n. An officious informer. 

TaLE'BEAR-ING, a. Officiously giving informa- 
tion ; n. act of telling secrets. 

TaLE'FUL, a. Abounding with stories. 

TAL'ENT, n. An ancient denomination of weight 
and money ; natural gift or endowment, as a tal- 
ent for music; eminent ability, as a man of tal- 
ent. — Sin. Ability; faculty; gift; endowment; 
genius, which see. 

TAL'ENT-ED, a. Furnished with talents or skill. 

*Ta'LeS (tfi'lez), n. pi. [L.] Men occasionally 
present at court, from whom jurors may be taken 
to supply a defect in the panel. 

TaLES'MAN, 7i. A person summoned as a juror 
from among the by-standers at court. 

TALTS-MAN, n. Something formed by magical 
skill, to which wonderful effects were ascribed, 
such as preservation from sickness, injury, &c. ; 
figuratively, that which produces remarkable ef- 
fects. 

TAL-I$-MAN'I€, a. Magical ; preserving against 
evil. 

TALK (tawk), n. Familiar conversation; confer- 
ence ; speech. See Conversation. 

TALK (tawk), v. t. To speak, as in familiar dis- 
course ; to converse. 



TALK'A-TIVE (tawk'a-tlv), a. Given to much 
talking; prating; loquacious; garrulous, which 
see. 

TALK'A-TTVE-NESS (tawk'a-tiv-ness), n. The 
habit or practice of speaking much in conversa- 
tion. — Stm. Loquacity; garrulity. 

TALK'ER (tawk'er), n. One who talks much; a 
boaster. 

TALL, a. Elevated in stature; long and compar- 
atively slender. — Syn. High ; lofty. — High is 
the generic term, and is probably connected with 
the verb to heave, or raise up. Tall describes, 
etymologically, that which shoots up, like a spire 
of grass, having a small diameter in proportion 
to its height; hence we speak of a tall man, a 
tall steeple, a tall mast, &c, but not of a tall hill 
or a tall house. Lofty (Sax., luft, the air) has 
a special reference to the expanse above us, and 
may be applied to extension in breadth as well 
as height, as a lofty mountain, a lofty room. 
Tall is applied only to physical objects ; high and 
lofty have a moral acceptation, as high thought, 
purpose, &c, lofty aspirations, a lofty genius. 
Lofty, from its etymology, is naturally the 
stronger word, and is usually coupled with the 
grand, or that which excites admiration. 

TALL'NESS, n. Height of stature. 

TaL'LoW (tal'16), n. The hard fat of an animal. 

TAL'LoW, v. t. To smear with tallow ; to fatten. 

TAL'LGW-CHAN'DLER, n. One who makes 
candles. 

TAL'LoW-FaOE'D (-faste), n. Having a sickly 
complexion pale. [low. 

TAL'LoW-ISH, a. Having the properties of tal- 

TAL'LoW-Y, a. Greasy; consisting of tallow. 

TAI/LY, n. A notched stick for keeping accounts ; 
one thing made to suit another. 

TAL'LY, v. t. or v. i. To fit or be fitted ; to agree ; 
to score with correspondent notches; to suit. 

TAL'LY-MAN, n. One who keeps tally. 

TAL'MLD, n. The body or the book of Hebrew- 
traditions, laws, and explanations. 

TAL-MCD'I€, a. Contained in the Talmud. 

TAL'MUD-IST, n. One versed in the Talmud. 

TAL-MUD-iST'I€, a. Pertaining to the Talmud; 
resembling the Talmud. 

TAL'ON, n. The claw of a rapacious fowl; an 
ogee. 

Ta'LUS, n. The bone of the foot which is joined 
to the leg ; the ankle ; slope of a rampart ; the in- 
clination of any work. 

TAM'A-BLE, a. That may be tamed or subdued. 

TaM'A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of being tamable. 

TAM'A-RIND, n. A tree of warm countries, which 
bears, in long pods, a pulpy fruit, of a cooling, 
acid taste, called Tamarinds. 

TAM'BAC, n. A mixture of gold and copper. 

TaM'BoUR (tam'boor), n. A small drum ; a kind 
of embroidered work with threads of gold and 
silver; the frame on which such work is wrought; 
a kind of lobby. 

TAM'BoUR, v. t. To embroider on a cushion. 

TAM-BoUR-i'NE' (tam-boor-een'), n. A small 
drum ; a kind of lively dance, formerly in vogue. 

TAME, a. That has lost its native wildness; 
mild ; accustomed to man ; domestic ; destitute 
of vigor, as a tame character; gentle, which see. 

TAME, v. t. To reclaim from wildness; to domes- 
ticate ; to make gentle ; to civilize ; to subdue. 

TAME'LY, ad. With mean submission; servilely; 
without manifesting spirit. 

TAME'NESS, n. The quality of being tame or 
gentle ; mean submission. 

TAM'ER, n. One that reclaims from wildness. 

TAM'IS, n. A worsted cloth used for the purpose 
of straining sauces. 

TAM'MY, n. A thin woolen stuff. 

TAMP, v. t. To charge a hole bored for blasting. 

TAM'PER, v. t. To meddle with ; to deal with se- 
cretly; to have to do without fitness or necessity. 



dove, wolf, book ; rule, dull ; vi"cious. — € as k ; (i as j ; s as z ; ch as bh ; this. + Sot English. 



TAM 



460 



TAB 



TAMPTNG, n. Matter used to fill the hole in 
blasting; act of filling a hole for blasting. 

TaM'PI-ON,\ n. The stopper of a cannon, con- 

TOM'PI-ON, / sisting of a short cylinder of wood. 

TAN, v. t. or v. i. To convert skins into leather; 
to make or become brown. 

TAN, n. Bark bruised and broken for tanning. 

TAN'DEM, n. Literally, at length, applied to 
horses when they are placed single, one before 
another. 

TANG, n. A strong taste, particularly of some- 
thing extraneous to the thing itself. 

TAN'6EN-CY, n. A contact or touching. 

TAN'gENT, n. A right line touching but not cut- 
ting a curve. 

TAN-Gl-BiL'I-TY, n. Quality of being tangible. 

TAN'61-BLE, a. That may be touched or realized. 

TAN'gI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being per- 
ceptible to the touch or sense of feeling. 

TAN'Gl-BLY, ad. Susceptibly to the touch. 

TAN G 'GLE (tang'gl), v. t. To unite or interweave, 
so as to make separation difficult, as to tangle 
thread; to insnare or entrap ; to embarrass. 

TAN G 'GLE, v. i. To be entangled or united con- 
fusedly. 

TANK, n. A reserroir of water ; a cistern. 

TANK'ARD, n. A drinking cup with a lid. 

TAN'NER, n. One whose trade is to tan hides. 

TAN'NER-Y, n. The house and apparatus for tan- 
ning leather. 

TAN'NIN, n. The astringent substance of bark. 

TAN'SY, n. An extremely bitter plant. 

TAN'TA-LISM, n. A teasing with vain hopes. 

TAN-TA-LI-Za'TION, n. Act of tantalizing. 

TAN'TA-LIZE, v. t. To distress with a prospect 
of good which can not be realized. — Syn. To dis- 
appoint. — To disappoint is literally to do away 
what was (or was taken to be) appointed; hence 
the peculiar distress of hopes thus dashed to the 
ground. To tantalize describes a most distress- 
ing form of disappointment, as in the case of 
Tantalus, a Phrygian king in fabulous history, 
who was condemned to stand up to his chin in 
water, with a tree of fair fruit over his head, 
both of which, as he attempted to allay his hun- 
ger or thirst, fled from his approach. Hence to 
tantalize is to visit with the bitterest disappoint- 
ment — to torment by exciting hopes or expecta- 
tions which can never be realized. 

TAN'TA-MOUNT, a. Equivalent in value or sig- 
nification ; equal. 

TAN-TiV'Y or TAN'TIV-Y, ad. To ride tantivy 
is to ride with great speed. 

TXN'TRUMS, n. pi. Whims ; bursts of ill-humor. 

TAN'VAT, n. A vat in which hides are laid in 
bark and its liquor. 

TAN'YXRD, n. An inclosure where the tanning 
of leather is carried on. 

TAP, v. t. To touch lightly ; to pierce for letting 
out fluid, as to tap a person for dropsy, to tap a 
tree ; to open a communication with, as to tap a 
railroad; to broach; to open a cask and draw 
liquor. 

TAP, n. A gentle touch ; a spile or pipe for draw- 
ing liquor. 

TaPE, n. A narrow fillet or band of woven work, 
used for strings, &c. 

Ta'PER, n. A small wax candle or light. 

Ta'PER, a. Sloping to a point ; becoming gradu- 
ally smaller in diameter. 

Ta'PER, v. t. To make gradually smaller in di- 
ameter; v. i. to diminish or gradually become 
smaller toward one end. 

Ta'PER-ING, a. Becoming regularly smaller in 
diameter toward one end ; diminishing. 

Ta'PER-NESS, n. A state of being taper. 

TAP'ES-TRY, n. Woven hangings for walls, &c, 
often enriched with gold and silver, representing 
figures, &c. 

TAP'ES-TRY, v. t. To adorn with tapestry. 



TaPE'-W6RM (-wurm), n. A worm bred in the 
intestines. 

TAP'-HOUSE, n. A house for selling liquors in 
small quantities; a dram-shop. 

TAP-I-o'€A, n. The glutinous and nutritious sub- 
stance obtained from scraping and washing the 
roots of the_cassava. 

TAP'i'S or Ta'PIS (t.lp'e or ta'pis), n. [JFV.] Tap- 
estry. On the tapis, under consideration or on 
the table. [downward. 

TAP'-ROOT, n. The chief root of a tree running 

TAP'STER, n. One who draws liquors. 

TaR, n. A thick, resinous substance obtained from 
pine wood burned with a close, smothered fire ; a 
sailor, so called from his tarred clothes. 

TaR, v. t. To smear with tar. 

TA-RAN'TU-LA. See Taeentula. 

TAR'DI-LY, ad. With slow pace. 

TXR'DI-NESS, n. Slowness of motion; lateness. 

TaR'DY, a. Noting a slow pace or motion ; dila- 
tory ; late. See Slow. 

TARE, n. A weed that grows among corn; a plant 
cultivated for fodder in England ; the vetch. 

TARE, n. An allowance in weight for the cask, 
chest, or bag in which goods are contained. 

TARE, v. t. To mark the weight of tare. 

TA-R£N'TU-LA,) n. A species of spider whose 

TA-RAN'TU-LA,/ bite is venomous. 

TAR'GET, n. A small buckler or shield ; a mark 
at which guns are fired for practice. 

TaR-GET-EER', n. One armed with a target. 

TaR'GUM, n. A paraphrase of the Scriptures in 
the (Jhaldee language or dialect. 

TAK'IFF, n. A list of various articles and goods, 
with the duties on them ; a table of duties. 

TARIFF, v. t. To make a list of duties. 

TARN, n. A bog ; a mountain-lake. 

TaR'NISH, v. t. To soil by exposure to the air, 
dust, &c. ; to diminish or destroy luster or puri- 
ty. — Syh. To sully; stain; dim. 

TaR'NISH, v. i. To lose luster; to become dull. 

TaR-PAU'LIN, n. A piece of canvas tarred ; a 
sailor's tarred hat ; a sailor. 

TAR'RAS, n. A coarse earth resembling puzzuo- 
lana, and used as a cement. 

TAR'RY, v. i. To stay or remain in a place ; to 
delay. — Syn. To abide; continue; lodge; wait; 
loiter. 

T'A R'RY, a. Consisting of tar or like tar. 

TART, a. Noting sharpness of taste or of temper, 
as a tart fruit, a tart reply. — Syn. Sharp ; keen ; 
severe. 

TaRT, n. A kind of pie or pastry. 

TaR'TAN, n. A small coasting-vessel with one 
mast ; a woolen stuff checkered or cross-barred 
with threads of various colors. 

TaR'TAR, n. An acid ; concrete salt formed on 
the sides of wine-casks ; a person of an irritable 
temper ; a native of Tartary. 

TaR-Ta'RE-AN, ) a. Pertaining to Tartarus ; 

TaR-Ta'RE-OUSJ hellish. 

TaR-Ta'RE-OUS,! a. Consisting of or like tar- 

TaR'TAR-OUS, i tar. 

TaR-TAR'I€, a. Pertaining to Tartary in Asia. 
Tartaric acid, the acid of tartar. 

TXR-TAR-I-Za'TION, n. Act of forming tartar. 

TAR'TAR-iZE, v. t To impregnate with tartar. 

TXR'TA-RUS, tt. The name of the infernal re- 
gions over which Pluto or Hades ruled. 

TART'ISH, a. Somewhat tart or acid. 

TaRT'LY, ad. In a sharp manner ; keenly; with 
sourness. 

TaRT'NESS, n. The quality of sharpness of taste; 
sharpness of language or manner.— Syn. Sour- 
ness; keenness; poignancy; severity; acrimony; 
asperity. [tartaric acid with a base. 

TaR'TRATE, n. A salt formed by the union of 

TXR-TuFFE' (tar-tuf), n. A stupid, morose fel- 
low, [a medicine. 

TaR'-WA-TER, n. A cold infusion of tar, used as 



e, &c. 



e, &c, short.— caee, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maeike, niiu>; move, 



TAS 



461 



TEA 



TASK (G), n. Literally, that which is set or fixed ; 
hence, husiness imposed by another, generally a 
fixed amount of work; employment; burden- 
some employment; drudgery. — Syn. Work; la- 
bor; employment; toil. 

TASK, v. t. To impose something to be done; to 
burden with some employment. 

TASK'ER, n. One that imposes tasks. 

TASK'-MAS-TER, n. One who imposes tasks. 

TaS'SEL, n. A pendent ornament ending in loose 
threads, attached to cushions, curtains, &c. ; the 
flower or head of some plants, as maize, &c. 

TAS'SELjKD (tas'seld), a. Adorned with tassels. 

TAS'SES, n. pi. Armor for the thighs. 

TaST'A-BLE, a. That may be tasted ; savory. 

TASTE, v. t. To perceive by the tongue ; to feel; 
to experience; to relish; to have pleasure from; 
v. i. to try by the mouth ; to experience ; to en- 
joy sparingly. 

TaSTE, n. The sense of tasting; the sense by 
which we perceive the relish of a thing ; a corre- 
spondent sense of the beautiful ; intellectual rel- 
ish, as a taste for chemistry ; a little piece tasted 
or eaten. — Stn. Sensibility; judgment. — Some 
consider taste as a mere sensibility, and others as 
a simple exercise of judgment; but a union of 
both is requisite to the existence of any thing 
which' deserves the name. An original sense of 
the beautiful is just as necessary to esthetic judg- 
ments as a sense of right and wrong to the for- 
mation of any just conclusions on moral subjects. 
But this "sense of the beautiful" is not an arbi- 
trary principle. It is under the guidance of rea- 
son ; it 'grows in delicacy and correctness with 
the progress of the individual and of society at 
large ; it has its laws, which are seated in the na- 
ture of man ; and it is in the development of these 
laws that we find the true "standard of taste." 

TaST'ER, n. One that tastes ; a dram-cup. 

TaSTE'FUL, a. Having a high relish ; savory. 

TaSTE'FUL-LY, ad. With good taste. 

Ta-TE'FUL-NESS, n. High taste; relish. 

TaSTE'LESS, a. Having no taste ; insipid; vap- 
id, [ty. 

Ta^TE'LESS-NESS, n. Want of taste; insipidi- 

TaST'I-LY, ad. With good taste. 

TaST'Y, a. Having a nice perception of excel- 
lence ; according to taste. 

TAT'TER, v. t. To tear or rend in pieces. 

TAT'TER, n. A torn piece ; a loose rag. 

TAT-TER-DE-MAL'ION (-mal'yun), n . A shabby 
fellow. 

TAT'TLE (tat'tl), v. i. To talk idly or tell tales. 

TAT'TLE, n. Idle, trifling talk ; prate. 

TAT'TL ER, n. A prater; a gossip; a tell-tale. 

TAT-TOO', n. A beat of drum to call to quarters. 

TAT-TOO', v. t. To puncture the skin and stain 
the punctured spots in figures. 

TAT-TOO', n. Figures stained on the skin. 

TAUGHT (tawt), a. Stretched ; not slack. See 
Taut. 

TaUNT (tiint), v. t. To reproach with severe or 
insulting words; to rail at. — Sy>\ To revile; in- 
sult ; upbraid ; censure ; deride, which see. 

TaUNT, n. Upbraiding words ; bitter or sarcastic 
reproach; a gibe; scoff; insult. 

TaUNT'ER, n. One who taunts. 

TaUNT'ING-LY, ad. With upbraiding; insult- 
ingly ; with bitter and sarcastic words. 

TAU'RI-FORM, a. Shaped like a bulL 

TAU'RlNE, a. Relating to a bull. 

TAU'RUS, n. The bull ; a sign in the zodiac. 

TAUT, a, [from the root of Tight.] Stretched ; 
not slack. [This is the spelling among nautical 
men.] 

TAU-T0-L56'I€-AL, a. Repeating the same 

thing. 
TAU-T0I/O-6IST, n. One who uses different 
words or phrases in succession to express the 
same thing. 



TAU-T<">L'0-gIZE. v. i. To repeat the same thing 
in different words. 

TAU-TOL'O-uY, n. A needless dwelling on the 
same idea in different words. — Syn. Repetition. — 
There may be frequent repetitions (as in legal in- 
struments) which are warranted either by neces- 
sity or convenience ; but tautology is always a 
fault, being a sameness of expression which adds 
nothing either to the sense or the sound. 

TAU-TO-PHoN"L€-AL (-fun'ik-al), a. Repeating 
the same sound. 

TAU-ToI'H'O-NY (-tof-), n. Repetition of the 
same sound. [travelers. 

TAVERN, n. A house for the entertainment of 

TAV'ERN-ER, \ n. An inn-holder ; one 

TaV'ERN-KEEP-ER.(" who keeps a tavern. 

TAV'ERN-ING, n. A feasting at taverns. 

TAW, v. t. To dress white or alum leather; to 
dress and prepare skins in white. 

TAW'DRI-LY. ad. With excess of finery. 

TAW'DRI-NESS, n. Excessive finery; tinsel; os- 
tentatious finery without elegance. 

TAWDRY, a. Gaudy in dress ; having an excess 
of showy ornaments without grace. 

TAW'ER, n. A dresser of white leather. 

TAW'NY, a. Of a yellowish dark color, like 
things tanned or persons sunburnt. 

TAX. n. A rate or Bum of money imposed on per- 
sons or on property for a public purpose; that 
which is imposed; a burden. — Syn. Impost ; as- 
sessment ; duty ; rate ; tribute ; imposition ; ex- 
action. 

TAX. v. t. To lay a tax on ; to impose ; to accuse ; 
to load with a burden or burdens. 

TAX'A-BLE (taks'a-bl), a. Liable to be taxed ; 
that may be legally charged by a court against 
the plaintiff or defendant in a suit. 

TAX-a'TION (taks-a'shun), n. The act of impos- 
ing taxes; the act of assessing a bill of costs. 

TAX'ER, n. One who taxes. 

TAX-I-D£R'MI€, a. Belonging to the art of pre- 
serving the skins of animals. 

TAX'I-DeR-MY, n. The art of preparing and 
preserving the skins of animals. 

TAX-ON 'O -MY, n. That department of natural 
history which treats of the laws and principles 
of classification. 

TkA (te), n. A Chinese plant or decoction of it; 
any infusion or decoction of vegetables, as sage 
tea. 

TeACH, v. t. [pret. and pp. Taught.] To com- 
municate to another knowledge not possessed by 
him ; to instruct ; to give intelligence ; to exhibit 
so as to impress on the mind ; to make familiar ; 
to direct; to learn, which see. 

TEACH'A-BLE (teech'a-bl), a. Willing to be 
taught; docile. 

TEACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The capacity of receiv- 
ing instruction ; aptness or willingness to learn. 

TeACH'ER, n. One who teaches; an instructor; 
jpne who instructs others in religion; a preacher. 

TEACH'IXG, n. Act of teaching ; instruction ; ed- 
ucation, which see. [drank. 

TeA'-CuP (te'-), n. A small cup in which tea is 

TEAK (teek), n. A tree of the East Indies, which 
_is peculiarly valuable for ship-timber. 

TEAL (teel), n. A water-fowl with webbed feet, 
allied to the duck, but smaller. 

TEAM (teem), n. Two or more horses or oxen, 
&c, harnessed for drawing. 

TeAM'STER, n. One who drives a team. 

TeA'-P6T, n. A vessel with a spout in which tea 
is made, and from which it is poured. 

TEAR (teer), n. A fluid secreted by the lachrymal 
gland, and appearing in or flowing from the eye ; 
something in the form of a transparent drop of 
fluid matter. 

TEAR (4) (tare), «. A rent; a fissure. 

TEAR, v. t. ipret. Tore.] To separate by violence 
or pulling ; to rend apart ; to pull with violence. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, hull; vi"cious. — € as k; g as j ; s as z ; ch as sn ; this. * Sot Enyiish. 



TEA 



462 



TEM 



TEAK, v. i. To rave or rage ; to move and act with 
violence. 

TEAR'ER (tar'er), n. One that rends by force; 
one that rages or raves with violence. 

TkAR'FUL (teer'-) a. Full of tears; weeping. 

TeAR'LESS, a. Free from tears ; unfeeling. 

TeASE (teez), v. t. To trouble with importunity 
or impertinence; to annoy by petty requests or 
unreasonable jests or raillery. — Syn To vex. — To 
tease is literally to pull or scratch, and implies a 
prolonged annoyance in respect to little things, 
which is often more irritating and harder to bear 
than severe pain. Vex (a frequentative of Latin 
veho) meant originally to seize and bear away 
hither and thither, and hence to disturb, as to 
vex the ocean with storms. This sense of the 
term has gradually passed away, though vex is 
still a. stronger word than tease, denoting the 
disturbance or anger created by minor provoca- 
tions, losses, disappointments, &c. We are teased 
by the buzzing of a fly in our ears; we are vexed 
by the carelessness or stupidity of our servants. 

TeA'SEL (tee'zl), n. A plant whose bur is used in 
pressing cloth. 

TeAS'ER (tee'zer), n. One who teases or vexes. 

TeA '-SPOON, n. A small spoon for tea. 

TeAT (teet), n. The nipple of the breast ; the dug 
of a beast. 

TEA'-Ta-BLE, n. A table for tea furniture. Dy 

TeCH'I-LY, ad. In a peevish manner; froward- 

TeCH'I-NESS, n. Peevishness; fretfulness. 

Te€H'NI€, t ,.~ . ,. v ( a. Pertaining to 

Te€H'NI€-AL J" (teK mK "'' \ the arts or to pro- 
fessions. 

Te€H'i\T€-AL-LY (tek'nik-al-ly), ad. In a tech- 
nical manner; according to the signification of 
terms of art or the professions. 

Te€H'NI€-AL-NESS,) n. The quality of being 

TE€HNI€-aL'I-TY, / technical. 

Te€H'NI€S (tek'niks), n. pi. Branches of learn- 
ing that respect the arts; the doctrine of arts in 
general. 

TE€H-NO-Log'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to technol- 
ogy ; pertaining to the arts. 

TE€H-N6L'0-GlST, n. One who treats of terms 
of the arts. 

TE€H-NoL'0-gY, n. A treatise on the arts ; an 
explanation of terms of art. 

TECHY, a. Peevish; fretful. More correctly, 
touchy. 

TE€-T6N'I€, a. Pertaining to building. 

TeD, v. t. To spread or turn, as grass in the swath. 

TeD'DER, n. A rope or chain to tie a beast in 
feeding, that by which one is restrained. 

TeD'DER, v. t. To allow to ft ed to the extent of 
a rope or chain ; to restrain to certain limits. 

*TE De'UM, n. [L.] A hymn of thanksgiving, so 
named from the first two words. 

Te'DI-OUS, a. Tiresome from continuance or 
slowness ; slow. — Syn. Wearisome ; fatiguing ; 
sluggish ; dull ; irksome, which see. 

Te'DI-OUS-LY, ad. Slowly; so as to weary. 

Te'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Slowness or prolixity ; 
_length ; tiresomeness ; quality of wearying. 

Te'DI-UM, n. Irksomeness; wearisomeness. 

TEEM, v. i. To bring forth, as young; to conceive 
or engender young; to be prolific; to produce 
abundantly; v. t. to produce or bring forth. 

TEEM'ER, n. One that brings forth young. 

TEEM'FUL, a. Pregnant; very prolific. 

TEEM'LESS, a. Barren ; unfruitful ; not prolific. 

TEENS (teenz), n. pi. Years between twelve and 
twenty. 

TEETH, n., pi. of Tootii. In the teeth, directly; 
in direct opposition; in front. 

TEETH, v. i. To breed teeth. 

TEETHTNG, n. The process by which teeth first 
make their way through the gums. 

TEE-T o'TAL-ER, n. One pledged to entire ab- 
stinence from intoxicating drinks. 



TEE-To'TUM, n. A toy like a top, twirled with 
the fingers. 

TeG'MEN, n. ; pi. Teg'mi-na. A tegument. 

TeG'u-LAR, a. Like or pertaining to tiles. 

TeG'u-MENT, n. A covering or cover, especially 
the covering or skin of living bodies. 

TEG-u-MeNT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to teguments. 

TeIL (teel), n. The lime-tree or linden. 

TEINT (tint). See Tint. 

TeL'A-RY, a. Pertaining to a spider's web. 

TeL'E-GRAPH, n. A machine for communicating 
information by signals or letters. 

TeL'E-GRAPH, v. t. To convey by telegraph. 

TEL-E-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to a telegraph ; 
communicated by telegraph. 

TeL'E-S€oPE, n. An optical instrument for view- 
ing objects at a distance. 

TEL-E-S€6P'I€, a. Pertaining to a telescope. 

TeL'ESM, n. A kind of amulet or magical charm. 

TEL-ES-MATT€, a. Relating to telesms ; magical. 

TE-LeS'TI€H (-les'tik), n. A poem, in which 
the final letters of the lines make a name. 

TeL'IO, a. Denoting the final end. 

TELL, v. t. Ipret. and pp. Told.] To express in 
words ; to communicate ; to make known ; to 
count, as to tell numbers. — Syn. To inform ; im- 
part; reveal; disclose; report; rehearse. 

TeLL, v. i. To give an account of; to produce an 
effect. 

TeLL'ER, n. One who tells or counts; an officer 
who pays money on checks. 

TeLL'TaLE, n. An officious informer; a. telling 
tales; blabbing. 

TeL'LU-RAL,) ti «. • ■ i. xt. 

TEL-Lu'RIO ( a ' Pertaimn g to the earth. 

TEL-Lu'RI-UM, n. A metal, in color between tin 
and silver. 

TEM-E-Ra'RI-OUS, a. Unreasonably adventur- 
ous; rash; headstrong. 

TE-MeRT-TY, n. Unreasonable contempt of dan- 
ger. — Syn. Rashness. — Temerity refers to the dis- 
position, rashness to the act. We show temer- 
ity in our resolutions, conclusions, &c. We show 
rashness, from time to time, in the actions of life. 

TeM'PER, n. Due mixture of different qualities ; 
frame of mind ; passion ; state of a metal, espe- 
cially its hardness, as the temper of steel. — Syn. 
Disposition; temperament; frame; mood; hu- 
mor. 

TeM'PER, v. t. To mix so that one part qualifies 
another, as to temper justice with mercy; to form 
by mixture or combination in due proportion ; to 
form to a proper degree of hardness, as to temper 
steel ; to reduce or assuage, as to temper anger. — 
Syn. To soften ; mollify ; assuage ; soothe ; calm. 

TeM'PER-A-MENT, n. State as to the predom- 
inance of any quality; constitution, as the tem- 
perament of the body ; due mixture of qualities. 

TeM'PER-ANCE, n. Moderate indulgence of the 
appetites or passions. 

TeM'PER-ATE, a. Noting moderation in the in- 
dulgence of appetite; sober; mild; cool. 

TfiM'PER-ATE-LY, ad. With moderation. 

TEM'PER-ATE-NESS, n. Moderation; calmness; 
freedom from excess. 

TeM'PER-A-TuRE, n. State with regard to heat 
and cold ; constitution , degree of any quality. 

TeM'PEST, n. An extensive current of wind 
rushing with great velocity, usually attended by 
rain, hail, or snow ; a storm of great violence ; a 
commotion or perturbation. See Storm. 

TEM-PeST'u-OUS (tem-pest'yu-us), a. Stormy; 
turbulent; rough with wind. 

TEM-PeST'u-OUS-LY, ad. In a turbulent man- 
ner. 

TEM-PeST'u-OUS-NESS, n. Storminess ; violence 
of wind. 

TeM'PLAR, n. Student of law or in the Temple. 
lEng.] Templars, Knights of the Temple, a re- 
ligious military order, first established in Jeru- 



a, e, &c, long. — a, £, ike, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; marine, bird; move, 



TEM 



4G3 



TEP 



Balcm in favor of pilgrims traveling to the Holy 
Land. 

TeM'PLE, n. An edifice erected in honor of some 
deity; a place of public worship; the part of the 
head that slopes from the top above the cheek- 
hone. 

TeM'PLET, n. A piece of timber in a building. 

TEM'PO-RAL, a. Pertaining to this life or world, 
or to the body only, as tem]Joral good; life; not 
ecclesiastical or spiritual ; secular: pertaining to 
the temples of the head, as the temjmral bone. 

TEM-PO-RaL'I-TIES,T n. pi. Secular possessions 

TftM'PO-RALS, f or revenues. 

TEM-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. A secular possession. 

T f.M'PO-RAL-LY, ad. With respect to this life. 

TEM'PO-RA-RI-LY, ad. For a time only. 

TeM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, n. State of being tempo- 
rary. 

TeM'PO-RA-RY, a. Continuing for a time only. 

TEM'PO-RlZE, v. i. To comply with the time or 
occasion ; to procrastinate ; to delay. 

TeM'PO-RTZ-ER, n. A time-server; a trimmer. 

TeM'PO-RIZ-ING, a. Conformed unduly to pre- 
vailing opinions, prejudice-*, &c. ; n. a yielding 
to the times. See Time- seuving. 

TeMPT (tumt), v. t. Literally, to strain, urge, or 
press; hence, to urge or entice to evil acts; to 
try virtue or fidelity; to attempt. — Syn. To al- 
lure; entice; draw; seduce: solicit; prove. 

TKMPT'A-BLE(tomt'a-bl),a. Liabletobe tempted. 

TEMP-Tv'TION (tem-ta'shun), n. Act of tempt- 
ing ; trial ; solicitation of the passions ; state of 
heing tempted. 

Tk.MPT'ER. n. One who entices to evil. 

TeMPT'IXG, a. Adapted to allure. 

TF:MPT'ING-NESS, n. State of being tempting. 

T£N, a. Noting the sum of nine and one ; proverb- 
ially, many or much. 

Tf:N'A-BLE, a. That can be held or maintained. 

TE-Na'CIOUS (te-na'shus), a. Holding fast; ad- 
hesive; obstinate. 

TE-Na'CIOUS-LY, ad. With a disposition to hold 
fast; adhesivelv; obstinately. 

TE-Na'CIOUS-NESS,\ n. The quality or prop- 

TE-NAC'I-TY, ) erty of bodies which 

makes them adhere to others ; adhesiveness; re- 
tentiveness, as of memory. 

TeN'AN-CY, n. A holding or possession of land. 

TeN'ANT, n. One who holds or possesses land or 
other real estate under another ; one who holds 
possession of any place. 

TeN'ANT, v. t. To hold as a tenant. 

TeN'ANT-A-BLE, a. Fit to be rented; in a state 
of repair suitable for a tenant. 

TeN'ANT-LESS, a. Having no tenant; unoc- 
cupied. 

TeN'ANT-RY, n. Tenants in general. 

TEND, v. t. To accompany as an assistant or pro- 
tector; to attend; to wait on, as to tend children. 

TeND, v. i. To move in a certain direction ; to be 
directed to any end or purpose ; to aim at. 

TeND'EN-CY, n. Direction or course toward any 
thing. — Syn. Inclination; drift; scope; aim; dis- 
position, which see. 

TeND'ER, n. A small vessel that attends a larger, 
to convey provisions, &c. ; an offer ; a nurse. 

TeN'DER, a. Easily impressed, broken, or in- 
jured; not hardy, as a tender plant; weak and 
feeble, as tender age ; easily moved to pity, &c, 
as a tender heart; unwilling to give pain, as ten- 
der reproaches. — Syn. Delicate; soft; mild; pit- 
iful; compassionate; humane. 

TeN D'ER, v.t. To offer or present for acceptance, 
as to offer an excuse, to offer payment. 

TeN'DER-LING, n. A fondling; one made ten- 
der by too much kindness. 

TEN'DER-LOIN, n. A tender part of the 6irloin 
of beef, &c. [ly. 

TfiN'DER-LY, ad. With gentleness; softly; kind- 

TEN'DER-NESS, n. State of being tender; soft- 



ness; soreness; kindness; sensibility.— Syn. Be- 
nignity ; humanity ; benevolence ; kindness ; 
clemency. 

TeN'DERS, n. pi. Proposals for performing serv- 
ice. 

TeN'DI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to or containing 
tendons; full of tendons; sinewy. 

TeN'DON, n. A hard, insensible cord or bundle 
of fibers by which a muscle is attached to a bone. 

TeN'DRIL, n. A slender, twining part of a plant, 
by which it attaches itself to something for sup- 
port. 

TeN'DRIL, a. Clasping or climbing, as a tendril 
does. 

TeND'SoME (ten'sum), a. Requiring much at- 
tention. 

TeN'E-BROUS, \ a. Noting darkness or gloom ; 

TE-NE'BRI-OUSJ obscure. 

TEN'E-MENT, n. Literally, that which is held or 
occupied; a dwelling or habitation. — Syn. House. 
— There maybe many houses under one roof, but 
they are completely separated from each other by 
party-walls. A tenement may be detached by it- 
self, or it may be part of a house divided off for 
the use of a distinct family. 

TEN-E-MENT'AL, a. That may be held by ten- 
ants. 

TEN'ET,n. That which a person believes or main- 
tains to be true.— Syn. Doctrine ; opinion ; prin- 
ciple ; dogma, which see. 

TeN'FOLD, a. Ten times more. 

TEN'NIS, n. A play, in which a ball is continu- 
ally driven or kept in motion by rackets. 

TEN 'ON, n. That part of timber which enters a 
mortise; v. t. to fit with a tenon. 

TeN'OR, n. Continuity of state; purport; drift; 
part in music: the persons who sing tenor. 

TeNSE, a. Strained to stiffness ; rigid. 

TENSE, n. Form of a verb expressing time of ac- 
tion, as the future tense denotes Avhat is to take 
place. 

TeNSE'NESS, n. The state of being tense ; rigid- 
ness. 

Tf:N'SI-BLE,T a. Capable of extension or of be- 

TeN'SiLE, f ing extended. 

TkX'SION (ten'shun), n. The act of stretching or 
straining ; the state of being stretched or strained 
to stiffness; degree of straining. 

TEN'SIVE, a. Giving the sensation of stiffness, 
tension, or contr-action. 

TeN'SOR, n. A muscle that extends or stretches 
apart. 

TENT, n. A pavilion or movable lodge, of canvas, 
&c. ; a roll of lint ; a red wine. 

TeNT, v. t. or v. i. To lodge in a tent ; to probe ; 
to fill with a tent. 

T£N'TA-€LE (t:n'ta-kl), n. ; Lat. pi. Ten-taVu- 
i.a. A filiform organ of certain insects for feeling 
or motion. 

TEN-TA€'u-LAR, a. Pertaining to tentacles. 

TEN-Ta'TION, n. Temptation; trial ; proof. 

TkN'TA-TIVE, a. Trying; essaying. 

TeN'TER, \n. A hook for stretching 

TeN'TER-HOOK, I cloth on a frame. To be on 
the tenters, to" be on the stretch or in suspense. 

TeN'TER, v. t. To stretch on hooks. 

TENTH, a. The ordinal of ten. 

TENTH, n. One part in ten; a tithe; the tenth 
part of annual produce or increase ; in music, the 
octave of the third. 

TENTH'LY, ad. In the tenth place. 

TE-Nu'I-TY, n. Smallness of diameter; slender- 
ness or thinness of substance. 

TF:N'u-OUS, a. Thin; slender; small; minute. 

TEN'uRE (ten'yur), n. A holding or manner of 
holding lands and tenements. 

TEP-E-FAC'TION, n. Act of warming; making 
tepid or moderately warm. 

TEP'E-Fv, v. t. To make moderately warm. 

TEP'ID, a. Moderatelv warm; lukewarm. 



dove, avolf, book; rule, 



vi"cious. — e as k ; 4 as j ; s as z ; ch as en ; this. * JS'ot Englislu 



TEP 



464 



TES 



TF 1 T-*TT)'T TY 1 

TfiP'ID-NESS f n - The state of being tepid ' 
*Te'POR, n. [L.] Gentle heat: moderate warmth. 
TeR'APH (tor'af), n. Supposed by some to be an 

idol, and by others an amulet. 
TeR'A-PHIM, n. pi. Household deities or images. 
TeRCE'-Ma-JOR, n. A sequence of the three best 

TeR'E-BINTH, n. The turpentine-tree. 

TER-E-BIN'THiNE, a. Pertaining to turpentine. 

TE-ReTE', a. Round and tapering; columnar. 

TER-geM'I-NOUS, a. Threefold. 

TER-gI-VER-Sa'TION (ter-je-), n. Literally, a 
turning of the back ; hence, an attempt to evade 
the truth; fickleness of conduct; shifting; sub- 
terfuge. 

TERM (13), n. A limited period, as a term of 
years, a college term, &c. ; a word or expression 
which limits or ascertains an idea; a condition 
or arrangement (usually in the plural), as to fix 
terms. — Syn. Word. — Term (from terminus) de- 
notes that which bounds or circumscribes, and is 
therefore more determinate and technical than 
word, which implies mere utterance. Hence we 
Bpeak of a scientific term (not ivord), and of stat- 
ing things in distinct terms, &c. Still, in a looser 
sense, it is used to a great extent interchangeably 
with word, for variety of expression. 

TERM, v. t. To call ; to name ; to denominate. 

TeR'MA-GAN-CY, n. Turbulence; boisterous- 
ness. 

TeR'MA-GANT, a. Noting turbulent or boister- 
ous conduct. [an. 

TfiR'MA-GANT, n. A boisterous, brawling wom- 

TeRM'ERJ n. One who has an estate for a term 

TeRM'OR,{* of years or for life. 

TeRM'-FEE, n. A fee for a suit during a term. 

TeRM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be bounded. 

TeRM'IN-AL, a. Growing at the end; forming 
the extremity; terminating. 

TeRM'IN-aTE, v. t. To set the extreme point or 
limit of a thing; to put an end to. — Syn. To com- 
plete ; finish; end; bound. 

TeRM'IN-aTE, v. i. To be Jimited; to end; to 
come to a_limit in time ; to close. 

TERM-IN-a'TION, n. A coming to an end ; a set- 
ting bounds; limit; result. 

TERM-IN-a'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to or form- 
ing the end or concluding syllable. 

TeRM'IN-A-TiVE, a. Directing determination. ' 

TERM-IN-oL'O-gY, n. Explanation of terms. 

+TeR'MI-NUS, n. ; pi. Ter'mi-nI. [L.] A bound- 
ary; the extreme point; the beginning or the 
end, as in a railroad or chain of lakes ; a column. 

TeRM'LESS, a. Without limits ; boundless. 

TeRM'LY, a. Occurring every term ; ad. term by 
term ; every term. 

TeRN. «. Threefold; consisting of three. 

TeRN'A-RY, a. Consisting of three ; proceeding 
by threes ; n. the number three. 

TeRN'ATE, a. Having three leaflets on a petiole. 

TERP-SICH-O-Re'AN, a. Relating to Terpsi- 
chore, the muse who presided over dancing. 

TeR'RACE, n. A raised bank covered with turf; 
a flat roof; an open gallery or balcony. 

TeR'RACE, v. t. To form into a terrace ; to open 
to the air and light. 

TeR'RA CoT'TA, n. A composition of clay and 
sand used in making statues, moldings, &c. 

+T£R'RA FiR'MA. [L.] Firm or solid earth. 

TeR'RA JA-P6N'I-€A, n. A brown astringent 
substance containing tannic acid, used in medi- 
cine and the arts ; catechu. 

TeR'RA-PIN, n. A species of tide-water tortoise. 

TER-Ra'QUE-OUS (-ra'kwe-us), a. Consisting of 
land and water, as the globe or earth. 

TER-ReNE', a. Pertaining to the earth ; earthy. 

TER-ReS'TRI-AL, a. Belonging to the earth. 

TER-ReS'TRI-AL-LY, ad. After an earthly man- 



TeR'RI-BLE, a. Adapted to excite awe, dread, 
fear, &c. ; severe ; distressing. — Syn. Fearful ; 
formidable; awful; shocking; dreadful, which 
see - [tenor. 

TeR'RI-BLE-NESS, n. The qualities that excite 

TeR'RI-BLY, ad. In a manner to excite terror or 
fright; violently; very greatly. 

TeR'RI-ER, n. A dog that pursues game into 
burrows ; a hole where foxes, rabbits, &c, secure 
themselves. 

TER-RIF'IC, a. Adapted to excite great fear; 
dreadful^ causing terror. 

TeR'RI-Fy, v. t. To frighten greatly ; to alarm 
or shock with fear. 

TER-RI-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to territory; 
limited to a certain district. 

TER-RI-To'RI-AL- LY, ad. In regard to territory ; 
by means of territory. 

TeR'RI-TO-RY, n. The extent or compass of land 
within the bounds or jurisdiction of any state or 
city ; a tract of land under the dominion of a 
prince or state, lying at a distance from the seat 
of government ; domain. 

TeR'ROR, n. That which may excite dread ; great 
fear or alarm. — Syn. Dread ; consternation ; 
fright; dismay; alarm, which see. 

TeR'ROR-ISM, n. A state of being terrified, or a 
state impressing terror. 

TeR'ROR-LESS, a. Free from terror. 

TeRSE (13), a. Compact with grace or elegance, as 
terse language. — Syn. Concise. — Terse (from ter- 
geo, to wipe or clean) was defined by Johnson 
"cleanly written," i. e., free from blemishes, 
neat, or smooth. Its present sense is "free from 
excrescences," and hence compact with smooth- 
ness, grace, or elegance, as in the following lines 
of Whitehead: 

"In eight terse lines has Phaedrus told 
(So frugal were the bards of old) 
A tale of goats ; and closed with grace, 
Plan, moral, all, in that short space." 
It is remarkable that this sense (which is now the 
prevailing one) is not given to the word in any of 
our dictionaries. It differs from concise in not 
implying perhaps quite as much condensation, 
but chiefly in the additional idea of "grace or 
elegance." 

TeRSE'LY, ad. Neatly ; smoothly. 

TeRSE'NESS, n. Neatness of style; smoothness 
of language. 

TeR'TIALS (ter'shalz), n. pi. Feathers near the 
junction of the wing with the body. 

TeR'TIAN (ter'shan), a. Happening every third 
day ; n. a disease whose paroxysms return every 
other day. 

TER'TIA-RY, a. Third ; of the third formation. 

TeR'TIaTE (ter'shate), v. t. To examine the 
thickness of ordnance ; to do the third time. 

+TER'TIUM QUID. [L.-] A substance made by 
mixing two things together ; a third something. 

TeS'SEL-AR, a. Formed in squares. 

TeS'SEL-aTE, v. t. To form into squares or lay 
with checkered work. 

TES-SEL-a'TION, n. Mosaic work or the making 
of Mosaic work. 

TES-SE-Ra'I€, a. Diversified by squares. i 

TeST, n. A critical and decisive trial ; that with 
which any thing is compared for proof of its gen- 
uineness. In England, the test act required an 
oath and declaration against transubstantiation 
from civil and military officers. — Syn. Trial — 
Trial is the wider term; test is a searching and 
decisive trial. It is derived from the Latin testa 
(earthen pot), which term was early applied to 
the fining-pot, or crucible, in which metals are I 
melted for trial and refinement. Hence the pe- 
culiar force of the word as indicating a trial or 
criterion of the most decisive kind. 

TEST, v. t. To try by a fixed standard ; to prove. 

T£ST'A-BLE, a. That may be devised by will. 



I, e, &c, long. — a, S, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fale, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



TES 



461 



THE 



TES-TA'CE-A (tes-ta'she-u), n. pi. Shelled ani- 
mals. 

TES-TA'CEOUS (-ta'shus), a. Having a hard 
■shell. 

TeST'A-MEXT, n. A solemn authentic instru- 
ment in writing, by which a person declares his 
will as to the disposal of his estate after his death ; 
a will. 

TFST-A-MENT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to a will. 

TfiST'ATE, a. Having made a will. 

TEST-A'TOR, n. One who leaves a will at his 
death. 

TEST-A'TRIX, n. A female who leaves a will. 

TkS'TER, n. A flat canopy over a bed ; an old coin. 

TeS'TT-€LE, n. A gland which secretes the sem- 
inal fluid in males. 

TEST-I-FI-€A'TION, n. Act of witnessing. 

TeST'1-Fi-ER, n. One who gives testimony. 

TeST'1-Fy, v. t. To affirm or declare solemnly 
for the purpose of establishing a fact ; to bear 
witness ; to prove or declare. 

TkST'I-Fy, v. r. To make a solemn declaration, 
verbal or written, to establish some fact. 

TkS'TI-LY, ad. In a fretful manner: peevishly. 

TEST-I-Mo'NI-AL, n. A certificate of character. 

TEST-I-Mo'NI-AL, a. Relating to testimony. 

TeST'I-MO-NY, n. Evidence of a witness; open 
attestation; affirmation.— Syn. Proof; evidence. 
— Proof, being Saxon, is more familiar, and is 
used more frequently (though not exclusively) as 
to facts and things of common occurrence. Evi- 
dence (Lat. evidentia) is a word of more dignity, 
and is more generally applied to that which is 
moral or intellectual, as the evidences of Chris- 
tianity, &c. Testimony (from Lat. testis) is strict- 
ly the evidence of a witness given under oath; 
when used figuratively or in a wider sense, the 
word testimony has still a reference to some liv- 
ing agent as its author, as when we speak of the 
testimony of conscience, or of doing a thing in 
testimony of our affection, &c. 

TES'TI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
peevish ; fretfulness. 

TeST'LNG, n. The act of trying for proof. 

TES-Tti'DI-NAL, a. Pertaining to the tortoise. 

TES-Tu'DO, n. A tortoise; a cover or screen 
made by a body of troops holding shields over 
their heads as they stood thickly together; a 
broad, soft tumor. 

TeST'Y, a. Noting a peevish temper; petulant; 
fretful. 

TeT'A-NUS, n. The locked-jaw. 

+TETE (tate). LFV.] False hair; a kind of wig. 

TETE'A-TETE (tute'a-tiite). IFr.] Head to head ; 
private conversation ; in private ; a kind of easy- 
chair for two persons engaged in close conversa- 
tion. 

TeTII'ER. See Teddek. 

TeT'RA-CHORD, n. In ancient music, a series 
of four sounds, of which the extremes, or first 
and last, constitute a fourth. 

TeT'RA-GON, n. A figure of four angles. 

TE-TRAG'O-NAL, a. Having four sides and an- 
gles, [angles. 

TET-RA-He'DRON, n. A figure of four equal tri- 

TE-TRAM'E-TER, n. A verse of four feet. 

TET-RA-PeT'AL-OUS, a. Having four petals. 

TE-TRAPH'YL-LOUS, a. Having four petals. 

Te'TRXROH (te'triirk), n. The governor of a 
fourth part of a province ; a subordinate prince. 

TE-TRaR€H'ATE,\ n. The fourth part of a 

TET'RAR€H-Y, / province. 

TE-TRAS'TICH (-tras'tik), n. A stanza of four 
verses. 

TeT'RA-STyLE, n. In ancient architecture, a 
building with four columns in front. 

TET-RA-SYL-LAB'I€, a. Consisting of four syl- 
lables. 

TET-RA-SYL'LA-BLE, n. A word of four sylla- 
bles. 



TeT'TER, n. A cutaneous disease or eruption. 

TEO-ToN'IC, a. Noting what belongs to the Teu- 
tons or ancient Germans. 

TfiWEL (tfi'el), n. A funnel for smoke ; an iron 
pipe in forges to receive the pipe of the bellows. 

TEXT, n. A discourse or composition on which n 
note or commentary is written; a verse or pas- 
sage in Scripture. 

TeXT'-BOOK, n. A book containing the leading 
principles of a science. 

TeXT'-HAND, n. A large hand in writing. 

TEXT'iLE (tekst'il), a. Woven, or that may be 
woven, as textile fabrics. 

TEXT'ILE. n. That which is or may be woven. 

T£XT'RIN I Et L, f a - Pertainin S to weaving. 

TeXT'0-AL (tokst'yu-al), a. Contained in the 
text. 

TeXT'u-A-RISTJ .n. One well versed in Scrip- 

TeXT'u-A-RY, j' ture. 

TeXT'u-A-RY (t5kst'yu-a-ry), a. Contained in 
the text; authoritative. 

TeXT'ORE (tckst'yur), n. Manner of weaving or 
connecting; the web that is woven ; the disposi- 
tion of the several parts of a body in connection 
with each other. 

THa'LER, n. The German dollar, being worth 
about seventy-five cents. 

THA-LI'A, n. [Gr.] The muse of pastoral poetry. 

THAN, ad. or con. Noting comparison. 

THaNE, n. The Saxon name for baron. 

THANK, v. t. To express gratitude for a favor. 

THANK, n. siny.X Expression of gratitude or sense 

THANKS, n. pL j of favor received. 

THANK'FUL, a. Grateful ; feeling gratitude. 

THANK'FUL-LY, ad. With a grateful sense of 
favors. 

THANK'FUL-NESS, n. Expression of gratitude ; 
acknowledgment for a favor. 

THANK'LFSS, a. Not gaining thanks; not de- 
serving thanks, or not likely to gain thanks. 

THANK'LESS-NESS, n. Want of gratitude ; fail- 
ure to acknowledge a kindness. 

THANK'-OF-FER-ING, n. An offering of grati- 
tude. 

THANKS-GIV'ER, n. One who gives thanks or 
acknowledges a kindness. 

THANKS-GiV'ING, n. Act of giving thanks; a 
day for expressing gratitude. 

THaNK'-WOR-THY (-wiir'thy), a. Deserving of 
thanks. 

THAT, a. Pron. or adjective, designating a par- 
ticular person or thing, a word or seutence. Li 
some cases it has been called a conjunction. 

THATCH, n. Straw, &c. , used for covering build- 
ings or stacks. 

THATCH, v. t. To cover with straw or reeds. 

THATCH'ER, n. One who thatches buildings. 

THAU-MA-TuR'GI€, a. Exciting wonder. 

THAU'MA-TUR-GY, n. Act of doing something 
wonderful. 

THAW, v. t. or v. i. To melt, as ice or snow. 

THAW, n. The dissolution of frost; the melting 
office or snow into a liquid state; liquefaction. 

THE, a. or definitive, denoting a particular person 
or thing. It is usually called the definite arti- 

THE-AN'THRO-PI$M, n. A state of being botli 

God and man. 
THE'AR-€HY(thG'ar-ky),n. Government by God. 
THe'A-TER,) n. A play-house; a house for 
THe'A-TRE, ) shows; an anatomical room ; a 

building for scholastic exercises; place of action. 
THE-AT'RIC, \ a. Pertaining to the stage and 
THE-AT'RIC-AL,j its exhibition. 
THE-AT'RI€-AL-LY, ad. In a manner suiting 

the stage. 
THE-AT'RIC-ALS, n.pl. Dramatic performances. 
THe'BAN YeAR, n. In ancient chronology, the 

Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours. 



POVE, WOLF, 



book; eule, 



15DI.L ; VI CIOUI 



. — c as k ; g as J ; s as z : 
G r; 



cu as en ; this. * Sot English. 



THE 



±GG 



THE 



ad. From that time. 



THEFT, n. A felonious taking of property pri- 
vately from the owner; act of stealing; the thing 
stolen. 

THe'I-FORM, a. Having the form of tea. 

THk'iNE, n. A principle obtained from tea. 

THEIR (thare), pron. adjective. Belongingtothem. 
Theirs is used as a substitute of the adjective or 
the noun to which it refers. It is usually consid- 
ered as in the possessive case. [When this word 
is emphasized, it should be pronounced thdre, as 
" It was for their (thare) good, and not mine, that 
I did it." In all other cases it should be pro- 
nounced light, like ther, as " I took them at t heir 
(ther) word."] 

TH E'ISM, n. Belief in the existence of a God. 

THe'IST, n. One who believes in a God. 

THE-IST'IG, \ a. Pertaining to theism or to 

THE-IST'I€-AL,f a theist; according to the 
doctrines of theists. 

THeME, n. Subject or topic on which one writes 
a discourse. 

TH EM-SELVES' (-selvz'), pron. pi, them and 
selves., and added to they by way of emphasis. 

THEN, ad. At that time ; afterward ; that time ; 
in that case. — Syn. Therefore. — Both these words 
are used in reasoning; but therefore takes the 
lead, while then is rather subordinate or incident- 
al. Therefore states reasons and draws inferences 
in form ; then, to a great extent, takes the point 
as proved, and passes on to the general conclu- 
sion — " Therefore, being justified by faith, we 
have peace with God;" "So, then, faith cometh 
by hearing, and hearing by the word of God." 

THeNCE, ad. From that place ; from that time ; 
for that reason. 

THENCE'FoRTH, > 

TIIENCE-FoR'WARD, J 

THE-6€'RA-CY, n. A government or state under 
the immediate direction of God. 

THE-0-€RAT'I€, > a. Pertaining to theocra- 

TIIE-0-€RAT'I€-AL,| cy. 

THE-oD'0-LlTE, n. A surveyor's instrument for 
taking heights and distances. 

THE-oG'O-NY, n. In mythology, the generation 
or genealogy of heathen deities. 

THE-O-Lo'gI-AN, n. One versed in the science 
of theology. 

THE-O-Log'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to theology. 

THE-O-LogTC-AL-LY, ad. According to the 
principles of theology. 

THE-oL'O-gIST, n. One versed in theology. 

THE-oL'O-GY, n. The science which teaches the 
existence, attributes, and character of God, his 
laws and government, the doctrines to be be- 
lieved, and the duties to be practiced; divinity. 

THE-oM'A-€HY (-om'a-ky), n. A fighting, as of 
the giants against the pagan deities. 

THE-OP'A-THY, n. Sympathy with the divine 
nature; like feelings to those of God. 

THe'OP-NEuS-TY (-niis-ty), n. Divine inspira 
tion ; the mysterious power exerted by the divine 
Spirit in making men know and reveal the truth. 

THe'O-REM, n. In mathematics, a proposition to 
be proved by a chain of reasoning. 

TH I E-0-rIm^€ T ,' I€ ' } a - Relating t0 a the ° rem - 

THE-0-ReT'I€, i a. Pertaining to theory; 

THE-0-R£T'I€-AL,f speculative ; not practi- 
cal ; terminating in speculation. 

THE-0-ReT'I€-AL-LY, ad. In theory; in specu- 
lation ; speculatively, not practically. 

T H P'O-Rfl-ER, } n - 0ne who formS a theoi 7- 
THe'O-RIZE, v. i. To form a theory ; to specu- 
late. 
THe'O-RY, n. An exposition of the general prin- 
ciples of a subject, as the theory of music ; science 
as distinguished from practice ; mere speculation. 
— Syn. Hypothesis. — A hypothesis is, literally, a 
supposition, and is brought forward to account 



for certain phenomena : it rests for its proof sole- 
ly on the fact that it explains the phenomena. 
Theory is a deduction from established truths, 
from which it follows as a necessary consequence. 
Hypothesis might attempt to explain the tides by 
assuming a magnetic virtue in the sun and moon ; 
theory does it by deducing them from the known 
laws of gravitation. 

THE-0-S6PH'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to theoso- 
phism. 

THE-6S'0-PHISM, n. Pretension to divine illu- 
mination : enthusiasm. 

THE-oS'O-PHIST, n. A pretender to divine illu- 
mination. 

THE-oS'O-PHY, n. Supposed intercourse with 
God and superior spirits by physical processes. 

THER-A-PEu'TI€ (-pu'tik), a. Curative; that 
pertains to the healing art. 

THER-A-PEu'TI€S, n. pi. That part of medi- 
cine which respects the discovery and application 
of remedies for diseases. 

THERE (12) (thare), ad. In that place. It is some- 
times opposed to here, there denoting the place 
most distant. [This word, when used as an ad- 
verb of place, should be pronounced thdre; but 
when it simply commences a phrase, as " There 
is no need of it," &c, it should be sounded light, 
as ther. Hence the following sentence should 
be pronounced as marked : " There (ther) were 
three men there (thare)."] 

THeRE-A-BOUT', \ ,„.. . (ad. Near that 

THeRE-A-BOUTS',J < tnaie -">> \ pi-ce; near that 
number, quantity, or degree; nearly. 

THeRE-aFT'ER (thare-), ad. According to or 
after that. 

THfiRE-AT' (thare-), ad. At that place ; then ; on 
that account. 

THeRE-By', ad. By that ; by that means ; in con- 
sequence of that. 

THERE-F6R' (thare-), ad. For that or this ; for it. 

THERE'FoRE (ther'fore or thare'fore), ad. For 
this reason ; consequently ; in recompense for this 
or that ; then, which see. 

THeRE-FROM', ad. From that or this. 

THeRE-iN', ad. In that or this place, time, or 
thing. 

THeRE-IN-To', ad. Into that or this. 

THeRE-oF', ad v Of that or this [not thereov]. 

THeRE-oN', ad. On that or this. 

f H eRE-OUT', ad. Out of that or this. 



-}ad. 



To that or this. 



THf:RE-UN-To',. 

THeRE-UP-oN', ad. Upon that or this; in con- 
sequence of that or this ; immediately. 

THERE- WITH', ad. With that or this. 

THeRE-WITH-AL' (thare-with-awl'), ad. Also; 
with that; over and above; at the same time. 

THe'RI_-A€, n. A remedy against poison. 

THE-Rl'A€-AL, a. Pertaining to theriac. 

THeR'MAL, a. Pertaining to heat; warm ; tepid. 

THeR'MO-g-EN, n. The elementary matter of 
heat. 

THER-MoM'E-TER, n. An instrument to meas- 
ure variations of temperature. 

THER-MO-MeT'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to a ther- 
mometer. 

THeR'MO-S€oPE, n. A thermometer which meas- 
ures minute differences of temperature. 

*THE-SAU'RUS, n. Literally, a store-house; a 
full lexicon or other store-house of literary infor- 
mation. 

THESE, pron., pi. of Tins. 

THe'SIS, n. ; pi. The'ses. A proposition which a 
person advances, and offers to maintain hy argu- 
ment ; in music, the unaccented part of the meas- 
ure. 

THeS'PI-AN, a. Term applied to tragic acting. 

THE-uR'<H-€AL, n. Pertaining to theurgy. 

THe'UR-gY, n. A supposed art among the an- 
cients of communicating with the gods, and ob- 



&c, Iwiij. — 1, £, &c, short. — caee, faK, last, fall, what; tiieee, teem; mak'lne, isied; move, 



THE 



467 



THO 



taining secrets from them by peculiar magical 
processes. 

THEY (tha), pron. pi. in the nominative case. De- 
noting persons or things. 

THICK, a. Characterized by density or closeness ; 
not thin; lacking clearness; noting the diame- 
ter of a body ; somewhat deaf. — Syn. Dense ; 
close ; compact ; solid ; gross ; frequent ; inti- 
mate. 

THICK, ad. Closely ; in quick succession. 

THICK'jEX (thlk'kn), v. t. To make thick ; to in- 
spissate ; to make frequent; to fill up interstices; 
to confirm. 

THICK'i?N, v. i. To become thick ; to become ob- 
scure ; to become close or consolidated ; to press. 

THICK'ET, n. A wood with trees or shrubs close- 
ly set. 

THICK'ISH, a. Rather thick ; dull or heavy. 

THICK'LY, ad. Closely ; compactly ; densely. 

THICK'NESS, ft. The state or quality of close- 
ness or compactness; density; grossness; dull- 
ness. 

THICK'-SfiT, a. Close planted ; having a short, 
thick body. 

THlCK'-SKuLL, ft. A stupid person; a block- 
head. 

THIkF (theef), ft.; pi. Thieves (theevz). One 
who secretly and feloniously takes the goods of 
another; an excrescence in the snuff of a candle. 
— Syn. Robber.— A thief takes our property by 
stealth ; a robber attacks us openly and strips us 
by main force. The robber braves the laws ; the 
thief endeavors to evade them. 

THIEVE (theev), v. i. To practice stealing; to 
pilfer. 

THIeV'ER-Y, n. The practice of stealing ; theft. 

THIEVISH, a. Given to stealing; secret; sly; 
acting by stealth ; partaking of the nature of 
theft. 

THIEYTSH-LY (theev'ish-lf), ad. By theft. 

THIEV'ISH-NESS, n. Quality of being thievish. 

THIGH (thi), ft. The part of the leg above the 
knee. 

THILL, ft. The shaft of a carriage. 

THDi'BLE, n. A metal cap for the finger, used 
for driving the needle through cloth. 

THIM'BLE-RIG, ft. A sleight-of-hand trick play- 
ed with three small cups, shaped like thimbles, 
and a ball. 

THIN, a. Having little thickness or extent from 
one surface to another ; lean ; slim ; slender ; not 
full or well grown ; not crowded ; slight. 

THIN, ad. Not thickly or closely ; in a scattered 



state. 
THIN, v. t, 

tenuate. 
THINE, a, 
THING, ft. 



To make thinner; to dilute; to at- 

Belonging to thee; relating to thee. 
Literally, that which happens or falls 
out; any substance, event, action, or existence. 
It is the widest term in our language. 

THINK, v. i. or v. t. [pret. and _?>?;>. Thought.] To 
have the mind occupied on a subject; to imag- 
ine ; to judge ; to muse on. See To Expect. 

THINK'ER, ft. One who thinks. 

THiNK'ING, a. Having the faculty of thought. 

THINK'ING, ft. The act or process of imagina- 
tion; cogitation; judgment. 

THIN'LY, ad. In a scattered manner. 

THiN'NESS, ft. The state of being thin. — Sy>". 
Slenderness; smallness; rarity. 

THIRD (IT), a. The next to the second. 

THiRD, ft. One of three equal parts; in music, 
an interval containing three diatonic sounds. 

THiRD'LY, ad. In the third place. 

THiRDS, ft. pi. The third part of an estate to 
which a widow is entitled by law during her life. 

THiRST (17), ft. Pain from want of drink ; an ea- 
ger desire after any thing. 

THiRST, v. i. To feel a want of drink; to desire 
greatly. 



THiRST'ER, ft. One who thirsts. 

THiR3T'I-LY, ad. In a thirsty manner. 

THLRST'I-NESS, ft. State of being thirsty. 

THiRST'Y, a. Suffering for the want of drink ; 
having no moisture ; parched ; having vehement 
desire for any thing. 

THIRTEEN, a. Noting the sum of ten and three. 

THIRTEENTH, a. The third after the tenth. 

THLRTI-ETH, a. The tenth threefold number; 
the ordinal of thirty. 

THiRTY, a. Thrice ten ; twenty and ten. 

THIS ; pi. These. A definite adjective or pronoun, 
denoting a specific person, thing, or sentence near 
or just mentioned. 

THISTLE (ttris'sl), ft. The common name of nu- 
merous prickly plants. 

THISTLY (this'ly), a. Overgrown with thistles. 

THiTH'ER, ad. To that place or end. — Syx. 
There. — Thither denotes motion toward a place ; 
there denotes rest in a place, as "I am going 
tldther, and shall meet you there."' But thither 
has now become obsolete except in poetry, or a 
style purposely conformed to the past, and hence 
there has also taken the sense of thither, as " I 
shall go there to-morrow; we shall go together." 

THITH'ER- WARD, ad. Toward that place. 

THoLE, n. A pin in the gunwale of a boat to 
keep the oar in place while used in rowing. 

TH6NG, ft. A strip of leather used for fastening 
any thing. 

THO-RaC'I€ (tho-ras'ik), a. Pertaining to the 
thorax or breast. 

THo'RAL, a. Pertaining to a bed. 

THo'RAX, ft. [L.] That part of the human skel- 
eton which consists of the bones of the chest ; 
also, the cavity of the chest. 

THORN, n. A tree or shrub armed with spines; a 
spine ; anv thing troublesome. 

THORX'LESS, a. Destitute of thorns. 

THORN' Y, a. Full of thorns; prickly; perplex- 
ing. 

THOR'oUGH (thiir'ro), a. Literally, passing 
through or to the end; hence, complete; perfect. 

THOR'oUGH, prep. From side to side. 

THOR'oUGH-BAfeE (thur'ro-base), n. An ac- 
companiment to a continued base by figures. 

THOR'oUGH-BReD (thiir'ro-), a. Bred from the 
best blood ; completely bred or accomplished. 

THOR'oUGH-FARE (thiir'ro-fare), ft. A passage 
through; an unobstructed way; a much-frequent- 
ed road, place, or passage. 

THOR'oUGH-LY (thur'ro-ly), ad. With com- 
pleteness; fully. 

THOR'oUGH-NESS (thur'ro-ness), ft. The state 
or quality of completeness. 

THOR'oUGH-PaC^D (-past), a. Perfect in what 
is undertaken. 

THOU, pron. denoting the second person, or per- 
so_n addressed in solemn style. 

THoUGH (tho). This was originally the impera- 
tive of a verb denoting to admit or grant, as, 
" Though he slay me (grant even this), yet will 
I trust in him." It is now commonly classed 
among the conjunctions. — Syx. Although. — These 
■words differ only in one respect ; although is the 
stronger and more emphatic of the two, and is 
therefore usually chosen to begin a sentence, as 
'■'■Although I have many competitors, I still hope 
to succeed." See While. 

THOUGHT (thawt). ft. Properly, that which the 
mind thinks ; hence, something framed in the 
mind; idea; particular consideration; inward 
reasoning. — Syx. Conception; opinion; judg- 
ment; consideration; meditation; reflection. 

THOUGHT'FUL (thawt'ful), a. Given to thought ; 
inclined to guard against error or neglect ; atten- 
tive. — Sy>*. Considerate. — He who is habitual- 
ly thoughtful rarely neglects his duty or his true 
interest; he who is considerate pauses to reflect; 
and guard himself against error. One who is 



dove, wolf, noox; eule, dull; vi cious. — c as k; g as j; 



ch as sn ; this. *■ Sot English. 



THO 



468 



THR 



not thoughtful by nature, if he can be made con- 
siderate, will usually be guarded against serious 
mistakes. 

THOUGHT'FITL-LY, ad. With contemplation. 

THOUGHT'FUL-NESS, n. State of meditating. 

THOUGHTLESS, a. Without due consideration ; 
careless; heedless; giddy. 

THOUGHT'LESS-LY, ad. Without thought or 
care. 

THOUGHT'LESS-NESS, n. Want of thought ; 
heedlessness ; inattention. 

THOUGHT'-SiCK, a. Uneasy with reflection. 

THOU'SAND (thou'zand), n. The number of ten 
hundred ; a. denoting ten hundred. 

THOUSANDTH, a. The ordinal of thousand. 

THRALL, n. A slave; slavery. 

THRALL'DOM, n. The state of slavery; bond- 
age; servitude. 

THRASH, v. t. To beat grain from the ear; to 
beat soundly with a stick or whip ; to drub. 

THRASH'ER, n. One who thrashes grain. 

THRA-S6NT€-AL, a. Boastful ; given to brag- 
ging. 

THREAD (thred), n. A small line or twist of cot- 
ton, flax, or any other fibrous substance ; a fila- 
ment ; the prominent spiral part of a screw; 

THREAD (thrSd), v. t. To pass thread through 
the eye of a needle ; to pass or pierce through, as 
a narrow way or channel. 

THEeAD'BaRE (thred'-), a. Worn out ; common ; 
used till it has lost its novelty or interest. 

THReAD'Y (thred y), a. Like thread or fila- 
ments; slender; containing thread. 

THREAT (thrct), n. Denunciation of ill; a de- 
clared intention to injure or punish in certain 
contingencies. — Syn. Menace. — Threat in Saxon, 
and menace in Latin. As often happens, the for- 
mer is the more familiar term ; the latter is em- 
ployed only in the higher classes of style. We 
are threatened with a drought; the country is 
menaced with war. 

THREATEN (53) (thrut'tn), v. t. To declare the 
purpose of inflicting evil ; to exhibit the appear- 
ance of something evil" approaching ; to menace. 

THR£AT'i?N-ING, ppr. or a. Denouncing evil; 
indicating danger; imminent, which see. 

TH REE, a. Noting the sum of two and one. 

THREF/FoLD, a. Consisting of three; three 
double. 

THREE'PENCE (thrip'ence), n. The sum of three 
pennies; a small silver coin. 

THREE'PEN-NY (thrip'en-ny), a. Worth three- 
pence only ; mean. 

THREE'PLy, a. Consisting of three thicknesses 
or folds ; threefold. 

THREE'SCORE, a. Thrice twenty ; sixty. 

THRE-NET'iC, a. Expressing sorrow ; mournful. 

THREN'O-D Y, n. A song of lamentation. 

THRESH, v. t. See Thrash. 

THReSU'ER, n. One who threshes. 

THReSH'oLD, n. The door-sill ; entrance ; the 
place or point of entering or beginning. 

THRICE, ad. Three times; at three times. 

THRiD v. t. To slide through a passage; to slip, 
shoot, or run through, as a needle. 

THRIFT, n. Economical management of proper- 
ty; success in acquiring property. — Syn. Frugal- 
ity; economy; prosperity; gain. 

THRiFT'I-LY, ad. In a careful, frugal manner; 
with prosperity. 

THRIFT'I-NESS, n. A thriving by industry ; 
prosperity in business; increase; frugality. 

THRiFT'LESS, a. Neglecting frugality or good 
management. 

TH RI FT'LESS-NESS, n. State of being thriftless. 

THRIFT'Y, a. Using economy ; thriving by in- 
dustry and frugality; prosperous; growing vig- 
orously; well husbanded. — Syn. Frugal; careful; 
sparing; economical. 

THRILL, v. t. Literally, to perforate by turning 



a gimlet or some like instrument ; to bore or 
pierce ; hence, to penetrate, as something sharp. 

THRILL, v. i. To penetrate, as something sharp ; 
to operate with or to feel a tingling sensation 
running through the body. 

THRILL, n. A warbling; a breathing-hole ; a tin- 
gling sensation running through the body. 

THRILL'ING-LY, ad. With thrilling sensations. 

THRIVE, v. i. ipret. Thrived ; pp. Thrived, 
Thriven.] To prosper by industry. 

THRiV'ER, n. One who prospers and increases in 
the acquisition of property. 

THRIVING, a. Being prosperous or successful; 
growing. 

THROAT (throte), n. The fore part of the neck ; 
the windpipe; the fauces; anything long and 
deep, as the throat of a chimney. 

THR6B, v. i. To beat forcibly, as the heart or 
pulse. 

THROB, n. A strong pulsation or beating; a vio- 
lent beating of the heart and arteries ; palpita- 
tion. 

THROE (thro), n. ; pi. Throes. Extreme pain ; 
anguish; agony; particularly applied to the 
pains of parturition. 

THRoE, v. i. To suffer extreme pain ; to struggle 
in anguish. 

THRoNE, n. A royal seat ; a chair of state. 

THRoNE, v. t. To place on a throne ; to exalt to 
honor. 

THRONG, n. A press of people together ; a com- 
pact body. — Syn. Multitude ; crowd. — Any great 
number of persons form a multitude (from mul- 
tus, many) ; a throng (from drungen, to press) is 
a large number of persons who press together into 
a collective body ; a croivd is a mass of persons 
who press so closely together as to bring their bod- 
ies into immediate or inconvenient contact. A 
dispersed multitude — the thronged streets of a 
city — a crou-ded coach ; a croivded table. 

THRONG, v. t. or v. i. To crowd together ; to press 
together ; to come in multitudes. 

THRONG'ING, n. The act of crowding together. 

THROS'TLE (thros'sl), n. A bird; the song- 
thrush ; a machine for spinning. 

THRoT'TLE, n. The windpipe; the throat. 

THROT'TLE, v. t. or v. i. To choke or suffocate 
by pressure ; to breathe hard ; to utter with breaks 
and interruptions. 

THROUGH (thru), prep. From end to end or side 
to side; by means of; noting passage. 

THROUGH (thru), ad. To the ultimate purpose ; 
from beginning to end; to the end. 

THROUGil-OUT/^rrp. Quite through ; in every 
part ; from one extremity to the other ; ad. in 
every part. 

THROW (thro) v. t. [prer. Threw; pp. Thrown.] 
Properly, to hurl or cast in a winding direction; 
hence, to cast or drive from the hand ; to propel ; 
to put on loosely; to overturn or prostrate. 

THROW, v. i. To perform the act of casting, &c. 

THROW, n. Act of hurling or flinging; a cast of 
dice ; the distance which a missile may be 
thrown; a stroke; effort; violent sally. 

THROWER (thro'er), n. One who casts or flings. 

THROWSTER (thro'ster), n. One who twists 
silk. 

THROM, n. The ends of a weaver's threads; any 
coarse yarn. 

THROM, v. t. or v. i. To insert threads; to knot; 
to play coarsely on an instrument with the fin- 
gers. 

THRuSH, n. A singing-bird; ulcers in the mouth; 
an inflammatory disease in the feet of horses, &c. 

THRuST, v. t. ipret. and pp. Thrust.] To push 
or drive with force ; to shove ; to impel; to enter 
by pushing , to intrude. 

THRuST, n. A violent push or driving impulse. 

THROST'ER, n. One that thrusts or drives. 

THRCST'INGS, n. pi. In cheese-making, the 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; tii£re, term; marine, bird; move, 



TIIU 



4G9 



TIL 



white whey, or that which is last pressed out of 
the curd by the hand. 

THuG, n. One of a Hindoo sect who commit mur- 
der as a religious act. 

THu'LE, n. The name given in early history to 
the northernmost part of the habitable world, as 
Norway, or, more probably, Iceland; hence the 
Latin phrase ultima thule. 

TIIOMB (thum), n. The short, thick finger of the 
hand. 

THuMB (thfim), v. t. To handle awkwardly; to 
soil with the fingers. 

THuMB'-STALL (thumb'-stawl), n. A kind of 
thimble of iron or leather for protecting the 
thumb. 

THCM'MIM, n. pi. A Hebrew word denoting per- 
fections. The [Trim and Thummim were part 
of the high-priest's breastplate. 

THuMP. v. t. To beat with something thick; v. i. 
to fall on with a heavy blow. 

THuMP, n. A heavy blow with something thick. 

THuX'DER, n. The sound which follows light- 
ning; any loud noise; denunciation published. 

THuX'DER, v. i. To sound, roar, or rattle after 
an electrical discharge. 

THuX'DER, v. t. To emit with noise and terror; 
to publish any denunciatory threat. 

THuX'DER-BoLT, n. A shaft of lightning ; ful- 
mination. 

THuX'DER-CLAP, n. A burst of thunder ; a sud- 
den report of an explosion of electricity. 

THuX'DER-ER, n. One that thunders. 

THuX'DER-IXG, a. Loud; heavy in sound. 

THCX'DER-SHOW-ER, n. A shower accompa- 
nied with thunder. 

THuX'DER-SToRM, n. A storm with thunder. 

THuX'DER-STRlKE, v. t. To strike or injure by 
lightning ; to astonish ; to strike dumb. 

THF-RIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing frankincense. 

THU-RI-FI-C a'TIOX, n. The act of fuming with 
incense ; act of burning incense. 

THuRS'DAY, n. The fifth day of the week. 

THuS. ad. So ; in this manner. 

THWACK v. t. To strike with something flat or 
heavy. — Sy>\ To beat ; thump ; thrash ; bang. 

THWACK, n. A blow ; a heavy stroke. 

THWART, a. Being across something else. 

THWART, v. t. To lie across the direction of 
something ; to cross or oppose a purpose ; to frus- 
trate. 

THWART-SHIPS, ad. Across the ship. 

THY, 2>ron. a. Belonging to thee; thine. 

TIITME (time), n. A fragrant plar\ 

THy'MY (ti'my), a. Abounding with thyme ; fra- 
grant. 

THT'ROID, a. Resembling a shield; applied to 
one of the cartilages of the throat. 

THy-SELF', pron. Emphatically, thou or thee 
only. 

TI-a'RA, n. A diadem, crown, or lead-dress; 
figuratively, the papal dignity. 

TIB'I-AL, a. Connected with the tibia or large 
bone of the leg; pertaining to a flute or pipe. 

+TIC DoU-LoU-REuX.' (doo-loo-roo'), n. [Fr.] 
The painful affection of a nerve, coming on in 
sudden attacks, usually in the head. 

TICK, n. Credit obtained, as to buy on tick; an 
insect that infests animals; the cover or case of 
a bed containing wool, feathers, &c. ; ticks, in 
the plural, means cloth woven in stripes of dif- 
ferent colors for bed-ticks, &c. 

TICK, v. t. To run upon credit ; to make a small 
noise, as a watch ticks. 

TICK'FX, \ n. A case for a bed, or closely-wov- 

TICK'IXG, j en cloth for a case. 

TICK'ET, n. A piece of paper for admission to a 
place, or one bearing a number in a lottery. 

TICK'ET, v. t. To mark by a ticket. 

TICK'LE (tik'kl), v. t. To excite a peculiar thrill- 
ing sensation by the touch ; v. i. to feel titillation. 



TICK'LER, n. One that tickles or pleases. 

TICK'LIXG, n. The act of affecting with titilla- 
tion. 

TiCK'LISH, a. Sensible to slight touches ; totter- 
ing: easily affected ; nice; critical. 

TICK'LISH-XESS, n. A ticklish state or quality. 

TID'AL, a. Pertaining to tides ; periodical rising 
and falling or flowing and ebbing. 

TID'-BiT, n. A delicate piece of any thing eata- 
able. 

TIDE, n. The flowing of the sea ; flux and reflux ; 
stream ; course ; confluence. 

TIDE, v. L or v. i. To drive with the stream. 

TIDE'-GaTE, n. A gate through which water 
passes into a basin when the tide flows. 

TlDE'LESS, a. Having no tide. 

TiDES'-MAX, I n. A man who watches the 

TiDE'-WaIT-ER,(" landing of goods to secure 
the payment of duties. 

TI'DI-LY, ad. With neat simplicity. 

Ti'DI-XESS, n. Neatness and simplicity. 

Ti'DIXGS, n.pl. Intelligence expected from some 
quarter. — Syk. News. — The term news denotes 
recent intelligence from any quarter; the term 
tidings denotes intelligence expected from a par- 
ticular quarter, showing what has there betided. 
We read the news daily in the public prints ; we 
wait for tidings respecting an- absent or sick 
friend. We may be curious to hear the news; 
we are always anxious for tidings. 

Tl'DY, a. Neat and simple; cleanly; being in 
good order; dressed with neat simplicity. 

TIE, ) .-. \ v. i. To bind or fasten with a band 

TvE.j ^ '/ or cord and knot; to unite so as not 
to be easily parted ; to restrain ; to confine ; to 
hold. 

TIE, ) ,-. jn. A knot; a fastening; an obliga- 

TyE,£ * ■'' \ tion, moral or legal ; a bond; a re- 
straint ; an equality of votes. 

TIER (teer), n. A row of guns in^a ship; a set or 
row. 

TIERCE (teerce or terse), n. A cask containing 
one third of a pipe or forty gallons; a thrust in 
fencing. 

TIeR'CET, n. In poetry, a triplet. 

+TIERS-E-TXT' (teerz-a-ta'), n. [Fr.] The third 
branch of a government, corresponding to the 
English Commons. 

TIFF, n. A draught of liquor; a pet; a fit of 
peevishness. 

TIF'FA-XY, n. A thin kind of silk. 

Tl'GER, n. A rapacious animal of the feline ge- 
nus; a kind of screech after a general huzza. 

TIGHT (tite), a. Close ; not loose or open ; snug ; 
hard ; closely dressed ; stringent. 

TIGHT'FX (ti'tn), v. t. To make more tight; to 
straighten. 

TIGHT'LY (tite'ly), ad. In a close, compact man- 
ner; neatly. 

TIGHT'XESS, n. Closeness of joints or of deal- 
ing; compactness; neatness; stringency. 

TI'GRESS, n. A female tiger. 

TI'GRISH, a. Resembling a tiger. 

TIKE, n. A countryman or clown ; a plowman ; 
a dog. 

TIL'BU-RY, n. A gig or two-wheeled carriage 
without a top or cover. 

TILE, n. A plate of earthenware used for cover- 
ing the roof of buildings or paving; a tube of 
earthenware used for making drains. 

TILE, v. t. To cover with tiles, as to tile a house. 

TIL'ER, n. One who lays tiles. 

TIL'IXG, n. A roof covered with tiles; tiles in 
general. 

TILL, n. A money-box; a shelf. 

Tih~L,pre2i. or ad. To the time; until. 

TILL, v. t. To plow, and prepare for seeds, and to 
dress crops; to labor in cultivation. 

TILL'A-BLE, a. Capable of being tilled; arable; 
fit for the plow. 



DOVE, 



boo: 



elle, bull; vi"ciou5. — c as k ; oasj; s as z; cu as su; this. + Jot English. 



TIL 



470 



TIT 



TILL'AgE, n. The cultivation of land. 

TiLL'ER, n. One who cultivates ; a husbandman ; 
the bar used to turn a rudder. 

TiLL'ER, v. i. To put forth shoots or scions. 

TILT, n. A tent or covering; a thrust; a milita- 
ry exercise on horseback ; a large hammer. 

TILT, v. t. To incline or raise one end, as of a 
cask ; to point or thrust ; to hammer or forge ; 
to rush ; to lean on one side. 

TILT, v. i. To run or ride, and thrust with the 
lance ; to incline or fall on one side. 

TILT'ER, n. One that tilts ; one that hammers. 

TILTH, n. The state of being tilled or prepared 
for seed. [works. 

TILT'-HAM-MER, n. A heavy hammer in iron- 

TIM'BAL, n. A kettle-drum. See Tymbal. 

TIM'BER, n. The body or stem of a tree; a sin- 
gle piece or squared stick of wood for building. 

TIM'BER, v. t. To furnish with timber. 

TIM'BREL, n. An instrument of music ; tambour- 
ine. 

TIME, n. A part of duration; season; age; the 
present life; measure of sounds; repetition of 
number. 

TIME, v. t. To adapt to the occasion; to regulate 
sounds or time. 

TIME'-KEEP-ER, n. A clock or watch. 

TIME'LESS, q.jjJJnseasonaUc in time. 

TIME'LI-XESS£$. Seasonableness ; a being in 
good time. 

TIME'LY, a. Seasonable; in good time; ad. ear- 
ly : in good time. 

TIME'-PIkCE (-peece), n. A clock or watch; a 
chronometer. 

TIME'-Si';RY-ER, n. One who complies unduly 
with prevailing opinions. 

TiME'-SkRV-ING, a. Obsequiously complying 
with fashionable opinions. — Syn. Temporizing. — 
Both these words are applied to the conduct of 
one who adapts himself servilely to times and sea- 
sons. A time-server is rather active, and a tem- 
porizer passive. One whose policy is time-serv- 
ing comes forward to act upon principles or opin- 
ions which may promote his advancement ; one 
who is teinporizing yields to the current of public 
sentiment or prejudice, and shrinks from a 
course of action which might injure him with 
others. The former is dishonest; the latter is 
weak ; and both are contemptible. 

TIM'ID, a. Wanting courage to meet danger; not 
bold. — Syn. Fearful; timorous; afraid; cowardly. 

TIM'ID-NESS,}' 7U Want of coura S e i cowardice. 

TIM'ID-LY, ad. In a weak, cowardly manner. 

TI-M0€'RA-CY, n. Government by men of prop- 
erty who have a certain income. 

TIM'O-ROUS, a. Destitute of courage; full of 
scruples. 

TIM'O-ROUS-LY, ad. With fear; scrupulously. 

TiM'O-ROUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
fearfulness; timidity. 

TIN, n. A white metal, soft, malleable, and much 
used in the arts ; thin plates of iron covered with 
tin. 

TIN, v. t. To overlay with tin ; to cover with tin. 

TINC'AL, n. A name of crude borax. 

TINGT'uRE (tlnkt'yur), n. An extract of a sub- 
stance ; infusion ; a tinge of color. 

TINOT'uRE (tinkt'yur), v. t. To imbue or im- 
pregnate with something foreign; to tinge. 

TIN'DER, n. Something very inflammable, used 
for kindling fire from a spark. 

TIN'DER-BoX, n. A box in which tinder is kept. 

TINE, n. A tooth or prong, as of a fork or a har- 
row. 

TINA'D (tTnd), a. Furnished with tines. 

TIN'FOIL, n. Tin reduced to a thin leaf. 

TING, n. A sharp or ringing sound, as of a bell. 

TINgE, v. t. To imbue with something foreign. — 
Syn. To color; dye; stain. 



TINgE, n. A slight degree of color, taste, &c, in- 
fused into another substance. 

TIN«'GLE (ting'gl), v. i. To be sensible of a 
thrilling sound or pain. 

TiN G 'GLING. ii. A thrilling sensation. 

TINK, v. i. To make a sharp, shrill sound. 

TiNK'ER, v. One who mends vessels of metal. 

TINK'LE (tink'kl), v. i. To make small, sharp 
sounds. 

TIN'MAN, n. One who deals in tin ; one who man- 
ufactures tin vessels. 

TlN'-MiNE, ii. A mine where tin is obtained. 

TIN'NER, n. One who works in tin mines; one 
who manufactures tin vessels. 

TIN'NY, a. Abounding with tin. 

TIN'SEL, n. Something shining and gaudy ; 
something superficially showy and of little val- 
ue ; a kind of lace. 

TIN'SEL, a. Gaudy; showy to excess. 

TIN'SEL, v. t. To adorn with something showy, 
but of little value. 

TINT, n. A slight coloring, distinct from the 
ground or principal color. 

TINT, v. t. To tinge or give a slight coloring to. 

TIN-TIN-NAB'U-LA-RY, a. Having or making 
the sound of a bell. 

TI'NY or TIN'Y, a. Very small; puny ; little. 

TIP, n. The point or extremity ; a slight stroke. 

TiP, v. t. To form a point; to cover the tip or 
end ; to lower one end, as a cart ; to touch or 
strike slightly. 

TlP'PET, n. A covering worn on the neck. 

TIP'PLE (tlp'pl), v. t. To drink strong liquors in 
excess ; v. i. to drink strong liquors habitually. 

TIP'PLEK, n. One who drinks strong liquors ha- 
bitually. 

TiP'PLING, n. The habitual practice of drinking 
spirituous liquors. 

TiP'PLING-HOUSE, n. A house in which liquors 
are sold in drams or small quantity. 

TIP'SI-LY, ad. In a tipsy manner. 

TIP'STAFF, n. An officer of justice; a staff tip- 
ped with metal. 

TIP'SY, a. Overpowered with liquor ; intoxi- 
cated. 

TIP'ToE, n. The end of the toes. 

TlP'ToP (tip'top), n. The highest or utmost de- 
gree. 

TI-RaDE', n. A strain of violent declamation or 
invective. 

TIRE, n. A tier or row ; a head-dress ; furniture ; 
a band of iron for a wheel. 

TIRE, v. t. To adorn ; to attire. Wbs.-\ 

TIKE, v. t. To exhaust the strength by labor: to 
weary. — Syn. To fatigue; weary; harass; jade, 
which see. 

TIRE, v. i. To become weary ; to be worn out. 

TIRJJD (tird), a. Being wearied; fatigued. 

TlR£D'NESS (tird'-), n. The state of weariness ; 
fatigue. 

TIRE'SoME (tire'sum),a. Exhausting the strength 
or patience; tedious; wearisome. 

TIRE'SOME-NESS (tlre'sum-ness), n. The act or 
quality of wearying ; tediousness. 

TIRE'-WciM-AN (-woo-man), n. A woman whose 
occupation is to make head-dresses. 

TIR'ING-ROOM, \ n. The room or place where 

TIR'FNG-HOUSE,/" players dress for the stage. 

TI-Ro'NI-AN, a. Tironian notes, the short-hand 
of Roman antiquity. 

TIS'SuE (tish'shu), n. Cloth interwoven with gold 
or silver ; a texture of parts ; a connected series. 
Tissue-paper, very thin, gauze-like paper. 

TIS'SuE (tish'shu), v. t. To make tissue ; to inter- 
weave ; to variegate. 

TIT, n. A small horse ; a little bird. 

TI-TaN'I€, a. Pertaining to the Titans or early 
giants; hence, huge or enormous, as if belonging 
to the Titans. 

TIT'-BIT. See Tip-bit. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, fae, last, fall, wuat ; there, terjm; marine, bird; move, 



TIT 



471 



TON 



TTTU'A-BLE, a. Subject to the payment of tithes. 

TITHE, n. The tenth of any tiling, especially of 
profits. 

TiTHE, v. t. To levy a tenth part on ; to tax to 
the amount of a tenth. 

TITHE'-FREE, a. Exempt from paying tithes. 

TITH'ER, n. One who collects tithes. 

TITH'ING, n. A decennary; a company of ten 
householders, who, under the old English law, 
were sureties for each other's good behavior. 

TITH'ING-MAN, n. A peace officer; a parish of- 
ficer; an under-constable. 

Tl-THON'I€, a. Pertaining to those rays of light 
which produce chemical effects. 

TIT'IL-LaTE, v. i. To tickle. 

TIT-IL-La'TION, n. The act of tickling or state 
of being tickled ; any slight pleasure. 

Tl'TLE, n. An inscription put over or on any- 
thing, by which it is known ; an appellation of 
dignity or distinction ; the right of possession or 
the legal instrument which is evidence of such 
right ; epithet, which see ; also name. 

Tl'TLE, v.t. To give a name ; to call ; to entitle. 

Ti'TLE-PagE, n. The page containing the title. 

TiT'MOUSE, n. ; pi. Tit'aiice. A small bird. 

TIT'TER, v. i. To laugh with the tongue striking 
against the upper teeth ; to giggle ; to laugh with 
restraint. 

r r : i r p /r r \? r ^ 

TiT'TER-ING f n ' Kestrained laughter. 

TiT'TER-ER, n. One that giggles. 

TiT'TLE (tit'tl), ?i. A point; a dot; a small par- 
ticle. 

TiT'TLE-TXT-TLE, n. Idle talk or prattle. 

TIT'u-LAR (tit'yu-lar), a. Existing in name only ; 
nominal ; having the title of an office without 
discharging its duties. 

TiT'u-LAR, \ n. One invested with a title, in 

TIT'fj-LA-RYJ virtue of which he holds an of- 
fice, whether he performs the duties of it or not. 

TiT'O-LAR-LY, ad. In title only; nominally. 

T!T_'u-LA-RY, a. Pertaining to a title. 

TMis'SIS, n. [Gr.~\ A figure by which a compound 
word is separated by the intervention of one or 
moi*e words. 

To (k>o), prep. Toward or moving toward. 

ToAD (tode), n. A small, clumsy, inoffensive rep- 
tile, with a thick, warty body, that moves by 
hopping. 

TOAD'-EAT-ER, n. A vulgar name given to a 
mean sycophant. 

ToAD'-STOOL, n. A mushroom or fungous plant. 

ToAD'Y, n. A toad-eater or parasite. 

ToAST, v. t. To dry and scorch by heat ; to hon- 
or in drinking. 

TOAST, n. Bread dried and scorched ; one whose 
Jiealth is drank with respect. 

ToAST'ER, n. He or that, which toasts. 

TO-BA€'€0, n. A narcotic plant, the leaves of 
which are used for chewing, smoking, and in 
snuff. 

TO-BA€'€0-NIST, ii. A dealer in or a manufac- 
turer of tobacco. 

+TO€'SIN, n. [Ft*.] A bell for giving alarm. 

T6D, n. A quantity of wool of the weight of 
twenty-eight pounds ; a bush ; a fox. 

TOD'DY, n. The juice of certain kinds of palm- 
trees, also a spirituous liquor prepared from it ; 
a mixture of spirit and water sweetened. 

ToE (to), n. One of the extremities of the foot. 

To'Ga-TED,? a. Dressed in a gown ; wearing a 

To'GED, f gown. 

*To'GA YI-RI'LIS. [L.] Manly gown; a gown 
worn by men ; first put on by Roman boys about 
the time of completing their fourteenth year. 

TO-GeTH'ER, ad. In company; in concert. 

TOIL, v. i. To work hard; to labor with pain 
and fatigue. 

TOIL, n. Hard labor ; fatigue ; a net or snare for 
taking prey. — Syn. Labor; drudgery. — Labor im- 



plies strenuous exertion, but not necessarily such 
as overtasks the faculties; toil (literally, strain- 
ing, striving) denotes a severity of labor which is 
painful and exhausting; drudgery (literally, tug- 
ging or slaving) implies mean and degrading 
work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts 
from its minuteness or dull uniformity. 

TOIL'ER, n. One who toils or labors with pain. 

TOl'LET, n. A cloth over a table in a dressing 
room ; a dressing-table ; mode of dressing, as to 
make one's toilet. 

T,OIL'LESS, a. Free from toil. 

TOIL'SOME, a. Laborious; wearisome. 

TOIL'SOME-NESS, n. Laboriousness ; labor; wea- 
risomeness. [feet. 

+TOISE (toiz), n. [F/\] A measure of six French 

TO-KaY', n. Wine made at Tokay, in Hungary, 
from white grapes, and of peculiarly aromatic 
_rtavor. 

To'KFN (tS'kn), n. Something intended to indi- 
cate or represent another thing; a mark or me- 
morial. — Syn. Sign; note; symbol; badge. 

TOLE, v. t. To draw or allure by some bait. 

TO-LE'DO, n. A sword of the finest temper. 

TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be endured; sup- 
portable ; sufferable ; moderately good or agree- 
able. 

T6L'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
supportable. 

TuL'ER-A-BLY, ad. Moderately well ; passably. 

ToL'ER-ANCE, n. Act of enduring. 

ToL'ER-ANT, a. Enduring; being indulgent. 

ToL'ER-aTE, v. t. To allow without prohibition 
or hinderance; to suffer; to permit; not to re- 
strain. 

TOL-ER-a'TION, n. The act of allowing what is 
not wholly approved ; permission. 

ToLL, n. A tax or fee for passing ; a miller's por- 
tion of grain for grinding ; sound of a bell. 

ToLL, v. t. or v. i. To ring a bell slowly and with 
uniformly repeated strokes. 

ToLL'-BOOTH, n. A place where goods are 
weighed to ascertain the duties or toll ; a prison. 

ToLL'-DiSH, n. A dish for measuring tolls in 
mills. 

ToLL'-GaTE, n. A gate where toll is paid. 

ToLL'-GaTH-ER-ER, n. A man who takes toll. 

ToLL'-HOUSE, «. A house where toll is taken. 

ToM'A-HAWK, n. An Indian hatchet. 

T6M'A-H AWK, v. t. To cut or kill with a hatchet. 

TO-Ma'TU or TO-Ma'TO, n. A plant having an 
agreeable acid taste, used in cookery ; the love- 
apple. 

ToMB (toom), n. The grave ; a vault for the dead ; 
a monument erected to preserve the memory of 
the dead. 

ToMB (toom), v. t. To place in a tomb ; to bury ; 
to inter. 

ToMB'LESS (toom'less), a. Destitute of a tomb. 

ToM'BOY, n. A rude boy or romping girl. 

ToMB'SToNE (toom'-), n. A stone over or near 
a grave, erected to preserve the memory of the 
deceased ; a monument. 

+ToME, n. [Fr.] A book ; a volume. 

TO-M6R'RoW, n. The day after the present. 

+T6N, n. {Fr.~\ The prevailing fashion. 

TON (tim), n. The weight of 20 cwts. avoirdu- 
pois. In the measurement of a ship, a ton is 
reckoned at forty cubic feet. — Syn. Tun.— The 
spelling ton has long been appropriated to the dry 
measure, and tun to the wet measure, denoting 
a large cask, and also a certain measure for liq- 
uids, which varies in different countries. Al- 
though the words were originally derived from 
the same Saxon word tunna, this distinction is a 
convenient one, and is now generally prevalent. 
The word tun is falling out of use even as to liq- 
uids. 

ToNE, n. Sound, or a modification of sound ; an 
inflection of the voice; a whining sound; the 



dove, wolf, book; kule, bull; vi"cious. 



k ; (i as j ; s as z ; cu as eu : this. + JS'ot EnglUh. 



TON 



472 



TOR 



healthy state of the system ; harmonious relation 
of colors. 

TONE, v. t. To utter with a whine ; to tune. 

TONJi'D (tond), a. Having a tone. 

ToNE'LESS, a. Having no tone ; unmusical. 

T6NGS, n. pi. An instrument with two limbs to 
handle fire, &c. 

TONGUE (tCing), n. The instrument of taste and 
of speech ; speech ; discourse ; a language ; a 
point or projection, as a tongue of land ; a point 
or catch, as the tongue of a buckle, &c. See Lan- 
guage. 

TONGUE (tfing), v. t. To chide; to scold. 

TONGUi?D (tungd), a. Having a tongue. 

TONGUE'LESS (tung'less), a. Having no tongue. 

TON'IC, a. Literally, increasing tension ; hence, 
increasing strength ; relating to tones or sounds. 

TON'IC, n. A medicine that gives strength ; in 
mimic, the key-note or principal sound which 
generates all the rest. 

TON'NAOE (tiin'naje), n. The weight of goods 
carried in a boat or ship. 

TON 'SI L, n. A gland in the throat. 

TON'SlLE, a. That may be clipped. 

TON-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a barber. 

TON'SuRE (tun'shur), n. Act of clipping or shav- 
ing oft* the hair. 

TON-TiNE' (ton-teen'), n. Annuity or survivor- 
ship. Thus an annuity is shared among a num- 
ber on the principle that the share of each, at 
his death, is enjoyed by the survivors; a build- 
ing owned and held by proprietors on this prin- 
ciple, [which see. 

TOO, ad. Over ; noting excess ; also likeivise, 

TOOL, n. An instrument of manual power; a 
person used as an instrument by another person. 

TOOL, v. t. To shape with a tool. 

TOOT, v. i. To make a particular sound Ayith the 
tongue or with a horn. 

TOOTH, n. ; pi. Teeth. A bony stibstance in the 
jaw for chewing; a tine ; a prong. 

TOOTH, v. t. To indent; to furnish with teeth. 

TOOTH'aCHE (-Like), n. A pain in the teeth or 
jaw. 

TOOTH'-DRAW-ER, n. One who extracts teeth. 

TOOTH'-DRAW-ING, n. The act or practice of 
drawing teeth. 

TOOTH'-eDgE, n. Sensation in the teeth ex- 
cited by grating sounds and by certain substan- 
ces, as acids, &c. 

TOOTH'LESS, a. Deprived of or wanting teeth. 

TOOTH'~PI(JK, \ n. An instrument to clear 

TOOTH'-PICK-ER,/ teeth. 

TOOTH'SOME (-sum), a. Grateful to the taste. 

TOP, n. The highest part ; the surface ; the high- 
est place or person; a child's plaything; a plat- 
form round the head of a ship's mast. 

TOP, v. i. or v. t. To be eminent ; to cover on the 
top ; to take off the top. 

To'PaR€H, n. The principal man in a place. 

To'PXRCH-Y, n. A little state or government. 

TO'PAZ, n. A gem of a yellowish color. 

ToPE, v. i. To drink to excess; to tipple. 

To'PER, n. A drunkard ; one who drinks to ex- 
cess. 

TOP-GaL'LANT, a. The top-gallant sail is one 
which is above the sail extended across the top- 
mast; highest; elevated. 

TOP-HaMP'ER, n. The gear connected with the 
fair-weather sails of a ship. 

TOP'-HeAV-Y (-h5v-y), a. Too heavy at the top. 

To'PHET (to'fet), n. [Heb.] Hell, so called from 
a valley near Jerusalem Avhere fires were contin- 
nually kept to burn dead carcasses. 

TOP'I-A-RY, a. Shaped by cutting. 

TOP'IO, n. Subject of discourse; an external 
remedy. 

TOP'I€, \ a. Local ; limited to one place ; per- 

TOPTO-AL,/ taining to a topic or subject of 
a discourse. 



\ a. Descriptive of a 
,f place ; 



pertaining to 



ToP'I€-AL-LY, ad. Locally ; with application to 
a particular part. 

TOP'-KNOT (-not), n. A knot on the head. 

TOP'LESS, a. Having no top. 

ToP'-MAST, n. The mast next above the lower 
mast. 

TOP'MoST, a. At the highest place ; uppeimost. 

TO-POG'RA-PHER, n. A describer of places. 

TOP-O-GRAPH'IO, 

TOP-0-GRAPH'I€-AL, 
topography. 

TOP-O-GRAPH'IO-AL-LY, ad. In the manner of 
topography. 

TO-POG'RA-PJrIY, n. Description of a place, city, 
town, parish, or tract of land. 

TOP'PING, a. Assuming superiority ; proud ; 
fine. 

TOP'PLE, v. i. To fall or pitch forward. 

TOP'-SaIL, n. A sail extended across the topmast. 

TOP'-SToNE, n. A stone placed on the top. 

TOP'SY-TCR'VY, ad. With the head downward. 

ToQUE (toke), ) n. A kind of head-dress for 

TO-QUET' (to-ku'), / a woman. 

TORCH, n. A light made of some combustible 
matter, generally carried in the hand on public 
occasions. 

TO-REu'TI€ (-ru'tik), a. In scutyture, highly 
finished ; applied to ivory figures, &c. 

TOR'MENT, n. Extreme anguish; torture; that 
which gives pain or vexation. 

TOR-MkNT', v. t. To put to extreme pain; to 
vex; to harass; to put into great agitation. 

TOR-M£NT'OR,"f n. One who inflicts torture ; that 

TOR-MfiNT'ERJ" which torments. 

TOR-Na'DO, n. ; pi. Toe-na'i>oes. A sudden and 
violent wind or tempest, distinguished by a whirl- 
ing motion. 

TOR-PE'DO, n. ; pi. Tor-pe'does. The cramp 
fish or electric ray; a fish which gives violent 
electric shocks on being touched ; an engine of 
war for blowing up ships. 

TOR'PENT, a. Incapable of motion; torpid. 

TOR-PeS'CENCE, n. A state of insensibility; 
torpor. " 

TOR'PID, a. Destitute of feeling; numb; dull; 
having lost motion or the power of feeling. — Syn. 
Dull ; stupid ; sluggish ; inactive. 

TOR-PiDT-TY, ) n. The state of numbness; in- 

TOR'PID-NESS,V sensibility; inactivity; slug- 

TOR^PI-TuDE, > gishness; stupidity. 

TOR'POR, n. Loss of power of motion; sluggish- 
ness; stupidity. 

TOR-POR-iF'I€, a. Tending to produce torpor. 

TOR-RE-FA€'TION, n. The act of drying or 
roasting. 

TOR'RE-Fy, v. t. To parch; to roast or scorch, 
as metallic ores. 

TOR'RENT, n. A very rapid stream; a strong 
current ; a. rushing in a rapid stream. 

TOR'RID, a. Violently hot; parched or dried 
with heat. 

TOR'RID-NESS, n. A burning heat. 

TOR'SEL, n. Something twisted. 

TOR'SION (tor'shun), n. Act of twisting or wreath- 
ing. 

+TOR'SO, n. [It] The body of a statue deprived 
of head and limbs. 

TORT, n. Wrong ; injury done to person or prop- 
erty. 

TORT'iLE, a. Twisted; twined; wreathed. 

TOR'TIOUS (tor'shus), a. Done by wrong. 

TORT iVE, a. Being twisted or wreathed. 

TOR'TOISE (tor'tis), n. An animal covered with 
a crust or shell. 

TORT'0-OUS, a. Twisted, wreathed, or winding; 
deceitful ; crooked. 

TORT'ORE (tort'yur), n. "Violent pain ; anguish 
of mind or body. ' 

TORT'ORE, v. t. To punish with torture ; to in- 
flict extreme pain. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, S, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, 



TOR 



473 



TRA 



TORT'CR-ER (tiJrfyMer)j n, 

a tormentor. 

To'RUS, n. A large round molding used in the 
base of columns. 

ToR'VOUS, a. Sour of aspect; stern; of a severe 
countenance. 

To'RY, n. An advocate for royal power. During 
the American Revolution, those who opposed the 
war, and favored the claims of Great Britain, 
were called Tories. 

To'RY, a. Pertaining to the Tories. 

To'RY-ISM, n. The principles of a Tory. 

ToSS, v. t. or v. i. To throw with the hand; to 
agitate ; to roll and tumble. 

ToSS, n. A throwing upward ; a jerk; a particu- 
lar manner of throwing up the head. 

ToSS'-P6T, n. A toper; one given to strong drink. 

To'TAL, a. Noting the whole of; full ; complete ; 
entire ; not divided. 

To'TAL, n. The whole ; whole sum. 

TO-TAL'I-TY, n. The whole sum or amount. 

To'TAL-LY, ad. With completeness ; wholly ; 
fully. 

ToTE, v. t. To carrv or convey. [Local.] 

+T6T'I-DEM YER'BIS. [L.] In so many words; 
in the very words. 

+To'TO CCE'LO (-se'lo). [L.] By the whole hem- 
isphere ; as opposite as the poles, or as possible. 

ToT'TER, v. i. To shake so as to be in danger of 
falling ; to vacillate ; to reel. 

TOuCH (tuch), v. t. Literally, to hit or strike 
against; hence, to come in contact with ; to reach 
or attain to ; to try by touching ; to meddle with ; 
to affect or make an impression on ; v. i. to be in 
contact with ; to fasten on ; to treat of slightly, 
as in discourse. 

TOuCH (tuch), n. Contact; sense of feeling; act 
of touching ; proof made ; power of exciting the 
feelings. 

TOuCH'ABLE (tuch'-), a. That may be touched ; 
tangible. 

TOuCH'-HoLE (tuch'-), n. The vent of a cannon 
or other species of fire-arms. 

TOuCH'I-NESS, n. The state of peevishness; 
irascibility. 

TOUCHING (tuch'-), a. Adapted to affect the feel- 
ings. 

TOuCH'ING-LY, ad. In an affecting manner; 
movinglv. 

TOuCH 'ISToNE (tuch'-), n. A stone to try metals. 

TOuCH'-AVOOD (tuch'-), n. Decayed wood that 
easily takes fire. 

TOuCH'Y (fcuch'y), a. Apt to take offense; pee- 
vish ; irritable. 

TOuGH (tiif), a. Not easily parted ; not brittle ; 
strong; severe. 

TOuGH'^N (tiif'fn), v. t. and v. i. To make or 
become tough. 

TOfGH'LY (tiif'ly), ad. In a tough manner. 

TOfGH'NESS (tuf'ness), n. Firmness of cohesion. 

ToU-PEE' (too-pa'U n. An artificial lock or curl 

ToU-PET' f of hair ; a little tuft. 

T6UR (toor), 11. Literally, a going round ; hence, 
a journey in a circuit; a turn of duty. — Syn. Cir- 
cuit; excursion ; jaunt; journey, which see. 

ToUR'IST (toor'ist), n. One who makes a tour. 

ToUR'MA-LIN,) n. A stone sometimes used as a 

TuR'MA-LIX, / gem, and remarkable for ex- 
hibiting electricity by heat. 

TOuRN'A-MENT (turn'a-ment), n. A martial 
sport or exercise on horseback ; a tilt. 

TOuRN'I-QUET (tiim'e-ket), n. [Fr.] A surgical 
instrument or bandage, which is straitened or re- 
laxed by a screw, and used to check hemorrhages. 

*ToUR-NuRE' (toor-niire'), n. [Fr.] The rounding 
off of a thing ; a projection of a lady's dress be- 
hind. 

TOUSE (touz), v. t. To pull and haul ; to tear. 

TOU'$LE,t . fA „/,,v jv. t. To put in disorder; to 

TOU'SEL, j ctou Z1; ' \ tumble ; to tangle. 



One who tortures; | ToW (to), n. The coarse part of flax and hemp. 
ToVV, v. t. To draw or drag on water by a rope. 
ToW'AgE (to'aj), n. Act of towing ; price of tow- 



To WARD (to'ard), } prep. In the direction of; 

ToW'ARD* (to'ardz).j with respect to; ad. near- 
ly. — This is a compound of to and ward (Latin. 
versus). The original form was toward* (being 
the genitive ol r rf), as appears from the Anglo- 
Saxon toicardes, id a comparison of the cognate 
dialects. The $«as dropped in our version of the 
Scriptures, making it toward; but the original 
form, toivards, has always remained in general 
use. 

ToW'ARD (to'ard), a. Ready to do or learn ; op- 
posed to froward. 

Td'WARD-LI-NESS,? n. Aptness to do or learn ; 

To'WARD-NESS, f tractableness. 

To'WARD-LY (to'ard-ly), ad. Ready to do or 
learn ; tractable. 

ToW'-BoAT, n. A boat that is towed. 

TOWEL, n. A cloth for wiping the hands and 
other things. 

TOWEL-ING, n. Cloth for towels. 

TOWER, ii. A high edifice ; a citadel ; a fortress. 

TOWER, v. i. To soar aloft ; to mount high. 

TOW'ER-IXG, a. Very high; elevated. 

TOW'ER-Y, a. Adorned or fenced with towers. 

^wlRoPE}"- A rope for towing. 

TOWN, n. A collection of houses larger than a 
village; the inhabitants ; a township; the whole 
territory under certain limits. 

TOWN'-CLLRK, n. A register of town proceed- 
ings. 

TOWN-CRl'ER, n. A public crier. 

TOWN'-HOUSE, it. A house for town business. 

TOWN'SHIP, ii. The territory of a town. 

TOWNS'MAN, n. A man of the same town. 

TOWN-TALK (-tawk), n. Common discourse of 
a town, or the subject of common conversation. 

To W-PaTH (tG'-path), n. A path used by horses 
that tow boats. 

T0X-I-€0-Lo6'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to toxicol- 
ogy- 

TOX-I-€6L'0-6Y, n. The branch of medicine 
which treats of poisons. 

TOY, n. A plaything for children; a thing for 
amusement; an article of trifling value. 

TOY, v. i. To dally amorously; to trifle or play. 

TOY'ER, n. One who trifles or toys. 

TOY'FUL, a. Full of trifling play. 

TOY'ISH, a. Given to dallying; trifling ; wanton. 

TOY'ISH-NESS, n. Trifling behavior. 

TOY' SHOP, ii. A shop where toys are sold. 

TRaCE, v. t. To draw or delineate by marks; to 
follow by some mark left, as footsteps. 

TRaCE, n. A mark drawn or left by any thing 
passing; a footstep; remains; impressions; vest- 
ige, which see. 

TRaCE, n. ; Traces, pi. The straps of a harness 
bv which a carnage, &c, is drawn. 

TRaCE'A-BLE, a, That may be traced. 

TRa'CER, ii. One who marks out. 

TRa'CER-Y, n. Ornamental work. 

TRa'CHE-A (tra'ke-a), n. The windpipe. 

TRa'CHE-AL (tra'ke-al), a. Pertaining to the 
trachea. 

TRA-€HE-5T'0-MY, n. The operation of mak- 
ing a hole in the windpipe. 

TRACK, n. A mark left by something passing ; 
footstep; beaten path ; course. 

TRACK, v. t. To follow by traces or footsteps; to 
tow a boat in a canal. 

TRaCK'AgE, n. A drawing and towing, as of a 
boat. 

TRaCK'LESS, a. Having no footsteps or path. 

TRACT, n. Literally, something drawn out or ex- 
tended ; hence, a space of indefinite extent ; a 
treatise or written discourse. 



dove, wolf, dook; rule, cull; vi cious. — e as k; g as j ; s as z ; cu as sn ; this. 



Xot English. 



TEA 



474: 



TEA 



TRACT-A-IViL'I-TY, \n. The quality or stats 

TEA€!T'A-BLE-NESS,j of being tractable or 
manageable; docility. 

TRAGT'A-BLE, a. That may be easily led, taught, 
or managed ; governable ; manageable. 

TRACT'A-BLY, ad. With ready compliance. 

TRAC-Ta'TION, n. Treatment or handling of a 
subject; discussion. 

TRACT'lLE, a. That may be drawn out; ductile. 

TRAC-TiL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being drawn in 
length. 

TRACTION, n. The act of drawing. 

TRA€-TI"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Treating of. 

TRACT'iVE, a. That draws, as tractive power. 

TRACT'OR, n. That which draws. 

TRACT'O-RY,? n. A curve whose tangent is al- 

TRACT'RIX, j ways equal to a given line. 

TRaDE, n. The act or business of exchanging 
commodities by barter, or the business of buying 
and selling for money ; the business which a 
person has learned ; art ; occupation ; men en- 
gaged in the same profession. — Syn. Occupation ; 
business; traffic; commerce. 

TRADE, v. i. ^ To exchange, purchase, or sell 
goods; to traffic. 

TRAD'ER, n. One who trades; a trading vessel. 

TRADE'-SaLE, n. An auction for booksellers. 

TRaDES'MAN, n. A man who pursues the busi- 
ness of buying and selling; a shop-keeper. 

TRaDE'-WiND, n. A wind in or near the torrid 
zone that blows from the same point the whole 
year, or a periodical wind. 

TRA-Dl"TION (-dish'un), n. Transmission from 
father to son ; that which is handed down from 
age to age by oral communication. 

TRA-Di"TION-AL, \ . ,« , , . Ja. Delivered 

TRA-DI"TION-A-RY,j t " QIbn un " ; ' "} orally from 
father to son. 

TRA-Dl"TION-AL-LY (-dish'un-), ad. By tradi- 
tion ; by transmission from father to son. 

TRA-Di"TION-ER, ) ,. . , . in. One that 

TRA-Dl"TION-IST,J < -" cusn un " ; ' \ adheres to tra- 
dition. 

TRAD'I-TiVE, a. Handed down or transmissible 
from age to age by oral communication. 

TRA-DuCE', v. t. To represent as blamable; to 
misrepresent. — Syn. To defame ; calumniate ; 
slander. 

TRA-DuO'ER, n. One who defames or vilifies ; a 
slanderer ; a calumniator. 

TRA-DuC'TION, n. Derivation from one of the 
same kind ; transmission from one to another. 

TRA-Du€T'iVE, a. That may be deduced. 

TRaF'FIC, n. Trade either by barter or by buy- 
ing and selling; merchandise. — Syn. Commerce; 
dealing; barter. 

TRaF'FIC, v. i. To buy and sell wares ; to trade. 

TRaF'FIC, v. t. To exchange in traffic. 

TRAF'FICK-ER, n. One who trades; a dealer. 

TRAG'A-CANTH, n. A plant producing an adhe- 
sive gum ; the gum itself. 

TRA-ge'DI-AN, n. An actor of tragedies. 

TRAg'E-DY, n. A dramatic poem representing 
some action having a fatal issue; a fatal event; 
any event in which human lives are lost by hu- 
man violence. 

TRAg'IC, I a. Pertaining to tragedy; fatal; 

TRag'IC-AL,j mournful. 

TRAg'IC-AL-LY, ad. With a fatal event. 

TRagT€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of mournful- 
ness; sadness. 

TRAg-I-CoM'E-DY, n. A piece in which serious 
and comic scenes are blended. 

TRAg-I-€5M'IC, ) a. Pertaining to tragi- 

TRAG-I-C6M'IG-AL,/ comedy; partaking of a 
mixture of grave and comic scenes. 

TRAIL (trale), v. t. To draw along the ground ; to 
lower; to hunt by a track; v. i. to be drawn 
along. 

TRAIL (trale), n. Any thing drawn behind ; track ; 



scent left on the ground by the animal pursued ; 
the entrails of a fowl. 

TRAIN (tritne), v. t. or v. i. To draw along ; to en- 
tice ; to exercise for discipline ; to break, tame, 
and accustom to draw, as oxen. 

TRaIN (trane), n. Literally, any thing drawn out 
in a line, as the train of a gown, a train of fol- 
lowers, a train of gunpowder ; a series or succes- 
sion of connected things, as a train of travelers, a 
train of artillery ; a continuous line of cars or car- 
riages on a railroad. — Syn. The cars. — Train is 
the word universally used in England with refer- 
ence to railway traveling, as, "I came in the 
morning train" &c. In this country, the phrase 
"the cars" has been extensively introduced in 
the room of train, as, '■'■The cars are late;" "I 
came in the cars," &c, though, in fact, a person 
ordinarily travels in only one car. The EnglHi 
expression is obviously more appropriate, and is 
prevailing more and more in our country, to the 
exclusion of " the cars." 

TRaIN'-BAND, n. A company of militia. 

TRaIN'ING, n. The act or process of drawing or 
educating ; the disciplining of troops. 

TRaIN'-OIL, n. Oil from the blubber or fat of 
whales. 

TRAIPSE (trapse), v. i. To walk sluttishly or 
carelessly. 

TRaIT, n. A feature of character ; a line or stroke. 

TRaI'TOR, n. One who violates his allegiance or 
his trust, and betrays his country or cause. 

TRaI'TOR-OUS, a. Guilty of treachery; deceit- 
ful; consisting in treason; implying breach of 
allegiance. [ery. 

TRaI'TOR-OUS-NESS, n. Breach of trust ; treach- 

TRaI'TRESS, n. A female who betrays her coun- 
try or her trust. 

TRA-Je€T', v. t. To throw or cast through. 

TRaJ'ECT, n. A ferry ; a place for passing water 
with boats. 

TRA-JeC'TION (-jek'shun), n. Act of darting 
through ; transportation ; emission. 

TRA-JeCT'O-RY, n. The curve which a moving 
body describes in space. 

TRA-La'TION, n. A change in the use of a word. 

TRAL-A-TI"TIOUS (-tish'us), a. Metaphorical ; 
not literal. 

TRA-Lu'CENT, a. Being transparent; clear. 

TRAM'MEL, n. A long net for catching fishes or 
birds ; shackles for confining the feet of a horse ; 
a kind of hook for hanging vessels over the fire. 

TRAM'MEL, v. t. To catch with a net ; to hamper 
motion ; to confine. 

TRA-M6N'TANE, a. Being beyond the mount- 
ain; foreign; barbarous. 

TRAMP, v. t. or v. ?'. To tread or travel; to stroll. 

TRAMP'ER, n. A stroller; a vagrant. 

TRAM'PLE (tram'pl), v. t. or v. i. To tread under 
foot, especially to tread upon with pride or scorn ; 
to prostrate by treading. 

TRAM'PLER, n. One who treads down. 

TRAM-POOSE', v. i. To go hither and thither. 

TRAM'-WaY, in. A road laid with narrow 

TRAM'-RoAD,> tracks of iron, &c, for wagons. 

TRANCE, n. A state in which the soul seems to 
have passed out of the body ; an ecstasy. 

TRAN'QUIL (trank'wil), a. Being quiet ; calm ; 
undisturbed. 

TRAN'QUIL-iZE (trank'wil-), v. t. To allay when 
agitated; to quiet; to calm. 

TRAN-QUiL'LI-TY (tran-kwil'e-ty), n. Freedom 
from agitation of mind or external disturbance. 
— Syn. Quiet ; peace ; repose. 

TRAN'QUIL-LY, ad. In a peaceful manner; qui- 
etly; peacefully. 

TRAN'QLTL-NESS, n. A state of peacefulness ; 
quietness. 

TRANS- ACT', v. t. To perform any act or busi- 
ness ; to manage ; v. i. to conduct matters ; to 
manage. 



a, e, &c., long, — a, g, &c, short. — care, fak, last, fall, what; theee, teem; mak'ine, bikd; hove, 



TRA 



TRA 



BRANS-ACTION, n. Literally, that which is 
done ; performance of any act or business ; occur- 
rence; management. — Syn. Proceeding. — A trams- 
action (from trans and ago) is something already 
done and completed; & proceeding (from proceed) 
is either something which is now going on, or, if 
ended, is still contemplated with reference to its 
progress or successive stages. The proceedings 
at the trial of Lord Russell were marked by deep 
injustice, and they led to a transaction, in his be- 
heading, of flagrant enormity. 

TRANS-ACT'OK, n. One who performs. 

TRANS-AL'PiNE, a. Being beyond the Alps in 
regard to Rome ; opposed to cisalpine. 

TRANS-aN'1-MaTE, v. t. To animate by the 
conveyance of a soul to another body. 

TRANS-AT-LAN'TIC, a. Lying or being beyond 
or on the other side of the Atlantic. 

TRaNS-CeND', v. t. To rise above ; to surmount ; 
to surpass. 

TRANS-CfiND'ENCE, \ n. Superior excellence : 

TRANS-CEND'EN-CY,j elevation above truth; 
exaggeration. 

TRANS-CEND'ENT, a. Surpassing; very excel- 
lent. 

TRANS-CEND-eNT'AL, a. Literally, passing be- 
yond ; hence, going back of mere experience for 
the foundations of knowledge, as the transcend- 
ental philosophy. — Syn. Empirical.— These terms, 
with the corresponding nouns, transcendentalism 
and empiricism, are of comparatively recent ori- 
gin. Empirical, in this connection, refers to 
knowledge which is gained by the experience of 
actual phenomena, without reference to the prin- 
ciples or laws to which they are to be referred or 
by which they are to be explained. Transcend- 
ental has reference to those beliefs or principles 
which are not derived from experience, and yet 
are absolutely necessary to make experience pos- 
sible or useful. Such, in the better sense of the 
term, is the transcendental philosophy or trans- 
cendentalism. Each of these words has also been 
used in a bad sense. Empiricism, in this case, 
is applied to that one-sided view of knowledge 
which neglects or loses sight of the truths or 
principles referred to above, and trusts to experi- 
ence alone. Transcendentalism has been applied 
to the opposite extreme, which, in its deprecia- 
tion of experience, loses sight of the relation 
which facts and phenomena sustain to princi- 
ples. Hence the term has been applied to a kind 
of investigation, or a use of language which is 
vague, obscure, fantastic, or extravagant. 

TRANS-CEND-eNT'AL-ISM, n. The principles 
of the transcendental philosophy. See Trans- 
cendental. 

TRANS-CEND-eNT'AL-IST, n. One who believes 
in the transcendental philosophy. See Trans- 
cendental. 

TRANS-CeND'ENT-LY, ad. In a surpassing 
manner. 

TR AN S-CeND'ENT-NESS, n. Superior or unusu- 
al excellence. 

TRANS-CRIBE', v. t. To write over again in the 
same words; to copy. 

TRANS-CRiB'ER, n. One who copies ; a copier. 

TRANS'CRiPT, n. A copy from an original; a 
copy of any kind. 

TRANS-CRIP'TION, n. Act of copying. 

TRANS-€RiPT'IVE-LY, ad. In manner of a copy. 

TRANS-COR'SION (-kur'shun), n. A passing be- 
yond limits. 

TRAN'SEPT, n. In a cruciform church, the arm 
projecting each way on the side of the stem of 
the cross; the aisles extending across the nave 
and main aisle. 

TRANS-FeR' (13), v. t. To convey from one place 
or person to another ; to sell or alienate title. 

TRANS'FER, n. The removal or conveyance of a 
thing from one place or person to another. 



TRANS-F£R'A-BLE, a. That may be conveyed; 
negotiable, as a note; assignable. 

TRANS-FER-REE', n. One to whom a transfer is 
made. 

TRAN .S-FeR'RENCE, n. Act of transferring. 

TRANS-FfeR'RER, n. He who transfers. 

TRANS-FeR'RING, n. The act of conveying or 
removing from one place or state to another. 

TRANS-FIG-U-Ra'TTOX, n. Change of form. 

TRANS-FiG'uRE (-fig'ur), v. t. To transform or 
change the external appearance of. 

TRANS-FIX', v. t. To pierce through ; to kill. 

TRANS-F6RM', v. t. To change the form or 
shape of; to change one substance to another. 

TRANS-FOR-Ma'TION, n. The act or operation 
of changing the form or external appearance; 
metamorphosis ; transmutation. 

TRAXS-FoRM'A-TIVE, a. Tending to transform. 

TRAN S-FoRM'I NO, a. Adapted to effect a change 
of form or state. 

TRANS-F6SE' (-fuze'), v. t. To pour into anoth- 
er; to transfer, as blood, from one animal to an- 
other. 

TRANS-Fu'SI-BLE (-fu'ze-bl), a. That may be 
transfused. 

TRAXS-FO'SION (-fu'zhun), n. Act of pouring 
from one into another. 

TRANS-GReSS', v. t. or v. i. To pass over or be- 
yond any limit; to violate ; to sin. 

TRAXS-GReS'SION (-gresh'un), n. Violation of 
law or duty. 

TRANS-GReSS'iVE, a. Apt to transgress ; faulty; 
culpable. 

TRANS-GRESS'OR, n. A law-breaker ; an offend- 
er; one who violates a command. 

TRAN-SHiP', v. t. To carry from one ship to an- 
other. 

TRAN-SHIP'MENT, n. A transferring to another 
ship. 

TRAN'SIENT (tran'shent), a. Passing away or 
through ; not stationary ; hasty ; fleeting, which 
see. 

TRAN'SIENT-LY (tran'shent-ly), ad. For a short 
time; hastily. 

TRAN'SIENT-NESS, n. Speedy passage. 

TRAN-SIL'I-EXCE, ) n. A leap from thing to 

TRAN-SILT-EN-CY,| thing. 

TRAN'SIT, n. A passing, as of goods, through a 
country, or of a planet over the disk of the sun, 
or a heavenly body over the meridian of a place. 

TRAN-SI"TION (tran-sizh'un), n. Passing from 
one place or state to another; change; in rheto- 
ric, passing from one subject to another. 

TRAN-Si"TION-AL (-sizh'un-), a. Containing or 
denoting transition. 

TRAN'SI-TIVE, a. Passing over; indicating a 
passing; in grammar, a transitive verb is one 
which is or may be followed by an object. 

TRAN'SI-TIVE-LY, ad. In a transitive manner. 

TRAN'SI-TO-RI-LY, ad. With short continuance. 

TRAN'SI-TO-RI-NESS, n. A passing with short 
continuance ; speedy evanescence. 

TRAN'SI-TO-RY, a. Passing without stay; fleet- 
ing, which see. 

TRANS-LaT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being trans- 
lated into another language. 

TRANS-LaTE', v. t. To remove from one place 
to another ; to render into another language. 

TRANS-La'TION, n. A removal from one place 
to another; the act of turning into another lan- 
guage. 

TRANS-La'TiVE, a. Taken from others. 

TRANS-La'TOR, n. One who translates. 

TRANS-LO-€a'TION, n. Exchange of place; sub- 
stitution. 

TRANS-Lu'CEN-CY (28), n. The property of 
transmitting rays of light without permitting ob- 
jects to be seen ; semi-transparent. 

TRANS-Lu'CENT, a. Transmitting light imper- 
fectly. — Syn. Transparent. — A thing is translu- 



dove, wolf, book ; kule, bjjll ; vi"ciotjs. — c as k; g as j ; s as z ; en as sh ; tuis. * Not English. 



TRA 



478 



THE 



cent when it merely admits the passage of light 
without enabling us to distinguish objects through 
it ; it is transparent when Ave can clearly discern 
objects placed on the other side of it. Glass, wa- 
ter, &c, are transparent; ground glass, horn, &c, 
are translucent. 
TRANS-MA-Ri'NE' (-ma-reen'), a. Being beyond 

TRANS'MI-GRANT, a. Passing to another place ; 
migrating. 

TRANS'MI-GRaTE, v. i. To pass from one coun- 
try or body to another. 

TRANS-MI-GRa'TION, n. Passing from one 
country to another; the passage of the soul into 
another body._ 

TRaNS'MI-GRa-TOR, n. One who transmigrates. 

TRANS-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That may be transmitted 
through a transparent body, or passed from one 
to another. 

TRANS-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. Act of sending 
from one place to another; a sending through. 

TRANS-MiS'SiVE, a. Transmitted from one to 
another; sent. 

TRANS-MiT', v. t. To send from one to another ; 
to suffer to pass through. 

TRANS-MlT'TAL, n. Transmission from one to 
another. 

TRANS-MiT'TER, n. One who transmits. 

TRANS-MIT'TI-BLE, a. That may be transmitted. 

TRANS-Mu'TA-BLE, a. Capable of change into 
another substance. 

TRANS-MO'TA-BLY, ad. With capacity of being 
changed into another substance or nature. 

TRA^S-Mu-TxV'TION, n. Change into another 
substance or form. 

TRANS-MUTE', v. t. To change into another sub- 
stance or nature. 

TRANS-MuT'ER, n. One that transmutes. 

TRAN'SOM (tran'sum), n. A beam across the stern 
of a ship ; a lintel over a door. 

TRANS-PAR'EN-CY (4), n. The quality of suffer- 
ing light to pass so that objects can be distinctly 
seen through; perviousness to light. 

TRANS-PAR'ENT, a. Transmitting rays of light ; 
clear ; pellucid ; pervious to light ; translucent, 
which see. 

TRANS-PAR'ENT-LY, ad. Clearly; so as to be 
seen throuah. 

TR ANS-PAR'ENT-NESS, n. The quality of being 
transparent. 

TRAN-SPiC'ii-OTJS, a. Pervious to the sight. 

TRANS-PIERCE', v. t. To pierce through. 

TRANS-PI-Ra'TION, n. A passing through pores. 

TRANS-PIRE', v. t. or v. i. To pass or send through 
pores; to become known. 

TRANS-PLANT', v. t. To plant in another place. 

TRANS-PLAN-Ta'TION, n. Act of removing and 
planting in another place; removal. 

TRANS-PLaNT'ER, n. One who transplants. 

TRAN-SPLeND'ENT, a. Very resplendent. 

TRANS'PoRT, n. A carrying or conveyance; a 
ship for transportation; a convict banished; a 
state of rapture. 

TRANS-PoRT', v. t. To convey or carry ; to rav- 
ish with pleasure ; to banish. 

TRANS-PORT'A-BLE, a. That may be trans- 
ported, [ishment. 

TRANS-PoR-Ta'TION, n. Act of conveying ; ban- 

TRANS-PoRT'ED-LY, ad. In a state of rapture. 

TRANS-PoRT'ER, n. One who transports. 

TRANS-PoS'AL (-po'zal), n. A changing of place. 

TRANS-PoSE', v. t. To change place, and put one 
thing in the place of the other. 

TRANS-PO-$i"TION (-zish'un), n. Change of 
places ; the state of being reciprocally changed in 
place. 

TRANS-PO-$i"TION-AL (-zish'un-), a. Pertain- 
ing to transposition. 

TRAN-SUB-STAN'TIaTE, v. t. To change to an- 
other substance. 



TRAN-SUB-STAN-TI-a'TION (-she-ii'shun), n. 
Change of substance ; the Roman Catholic view 
of a change of the bread and wine in the Eucha- 
rist into the body and blood of Christ. 

TRAN-SU-Da'TION, n. A passing out in sweat. 

TRAN-SuDE', v. i. To pass out, as perspiration, 
through the pores. 

TRANS-VeR'SAL, a. Running across or over. 

TRANS-VeRSE', a. Lying in a cross direction; 
v. t. to overturn. 

TKaNS'VERSE, n. The longer axis of an ellipse. 

TRANS-VeRSE'LY, ad. In a cross direction. 

TRAP, n. An engine mat shuts suddenly to catch 
beasts ; an ambush ; a stratagem. 

TRAP, v. t. or v. i. To catch in a trap ; to insnare. 

TRA- PAN', v. t. To insnare ; to take by stratagem. 

TRA-PaN', n. A snare or stratagem. 

TRA-Pa>TNER, n. One that insnares. 

TRAP'-DoOR (-dore), n. A door in a floor or roof. 

TRaPES, n. A slattern; a sluttish woman. 

TRA-Pe'ZI-UM, n. ; pi. Tra-pe'zi-a or Tra-pe'zi- 
tjms. A figure under four unequal right lines, of 
which both the opposite pairs are not equal. 

TRAP'PER, n. One who sets traps to catch bea- 
vers and other wild animals. 

TRAP'PINGS, n. pi. Ornaments ; horse furniture. 

TRAPS, n. pi. Goods ; furniture. 

TRASH, n. Waste matter; bad or unripe fruit. 

TRASri, v. t. or v. i. To lop or crop ; to strip of 
leaves ; to follow with violence and trampling. 

TRASH'Y, a. Of no value ; waste ; worthless. 

TRA.U-MATTC, n. A medicine useful in the cure 
of wounds. 

TRAU-MAT'I€, a. Pertaining to wounds. 

TRAVAIL, v. i. To labor with pain ; to toil ; to 
be in child-birth. 

TRAVAIL, n. Labor with pain ; child-birth. 

TRAV'EL, v. i. To make a journey or voyage; V. 
t. to pass ; to journey over. 

TRAVEL, n. A passing on foot; journey; a voy- 
age. Travels, in the plural, an account of occur- 
rences and observations made during a journey. 

TRAVEL-ER, n. One who travels or is passing ; 
one who visits foreign countries. 

TRAVEL-ING, a. Pertaining to or connected 
with travel, as a traveling companion, expenses, 
&c. 

TRAVERS-A-BLE, a. That may be traversed or 
denied. 

TRAVERSE, n. Any thing lying across; a de- 
nial. 

TRAVERSE, a. Lying across; ad. crosswise. 

TRAVERSE, v. i. To lay in a cross direction; to 
cross, thwart, or obstruct; to wander over; to 
survey. 

TRAVERSE, v. i. In fencing, to use the posture 
or motions of opposition or counteraction ; to turn 
round, as on a pivot. 

TRAVES-TY, n. A parody or burlesque transla- 
tion ; a. disguised by dress so as to be ridiculous ; 
burlesqued. 

TRAVES-TY, v. t. To translate so as to turn to 
ridicule. 

TRaY (trfi), n. A small trough of wood. 

TReACH'ER-OLS (tr5ch'er-us), a. Violating al- 
legiance or faith ; perfidious. 

TReACH'ER-OUS-LY, ad. Perfidiously; by vio- 
lating allegiance or faith pledged. 

TRkACH'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Breach of faith. 

TReACH'ER-Y (trech'er-y), n. Violation of alle- 
giance or faith ; perfidy. 

TReA'CLE (tre'kl), n. A viscid, uncrystalliza- 
ble sirup of sugar; molasses. 

TReAD (trcd), v. i. Ipret. Trod ; pp>. Trod, Trod- 
den.] To set the foot ; to walk or go. 

TREAD, n. A stepping, or manner of stepping. 

TReAD'ER, n. One who treads. 

TReAD'LE, t ,<■„-*' At\ S n - The P art ofa loom 



TReD'DLE, 



(trcd'dl), 



Avhich is moved by the foot. 



\ or other machine 



a, £, &c, long.— 1, E, &c, short— care, far, last, fall, what ; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



TRE 



477 



TRI 



TREAD'-MILL (trod'-), n. A mill moved by per- 
sons treading on a wheel ; a punishment. 

TREASON (tiv'zn), n. The highest crime against 
a state ; violation of allegiance. 

TREA'$OX-A-BLE, a. Partaking of treason. 

TREA'$OX-A-BLE-XESS (tre'zn-), n. The qual- 
ity of being treasonable. 

TREAS'URE (tivzh'ur), n. "Wealth accumulated; 
a great quantity ; abundance. 

TREAS'URE (trC-zh'ur), v. t. To lay up; to pro- 
vide a supply; to collect up for future use. 

TReA$'UR-ER (tr5zh'ur-er), n. An officer who has 
charge of a treasury. 

TREAS'URE-TRoVE, n. Any money, &c, found 
in tbe earth, the owner of which is not known. 

TREA$'UR-Y (tr^zh'ur-y), n. A place where pub- 
lic money is kept ; a repository of abundance. 

TREAT, v. t. To handle, manage, or use ; to dis- 
course on, as to treat a subject; to give food or 
drink, as to treat the company; to subject to the 
action of, as to treat diseases with certain medi- 
cines. 

TReAT, v. i. To discourse on ; to handle in writ- 
ing ; to give food or drink. 

TREAT, n. An entertainment given; a feast. 

TREA'TiSE (tre'tis), n. A written discourse; a 
book ; a tract. 

TREAT'MEXT, n. Manner of using ; good or bad 
behavior toward ; usage ; management. 

TReA'TY, n. An agreement, league, or compact 
between nations or sovereigns. — Syn. Negotia- 
tion; compact; contract. 

TReA'TY-MaK-IXG, a. Authorized to make or 
form treaties. The treaty-malting power is lodged 
in the executive government. 

TREB'LE, a. Threefold; triple; acute. 

TREB'LE, n. A part in music whose sounds are 
highest or most acute. 

TReB'LE, v. t. or v. i. To make or become three- 
fold, or thrice as much. 

TREB'LE-XESS, n. State of being threefold. 

TREB'LY, ad. In a threefold number or quantity. 

TREE, n. The largest of the vegetable kind, con- 
sisting of a stem, roots, and branches. 

TREE, v. t. To drive to a tree ; to cause to ascend 
a tree. _ 

TREE'XaIL, n. A long wooden pin used in ship- 
building. [Usually pronounced trun'nel.~\ 

TRe'FOIL, n. A species of grass with three 
leaves. 

TReIL'LAgE (trcl'laje), n. Rail -work to support 
plants. 

TREL'LIS, n. A frame or screen of cross-bars for 
supporting plants, and other uses. 

TREM'BLE, v. i. To shake involuntarily, as with 
fear or cold; to shiver; to shudder to totter. 

TREM'BLER, n. One that trembles. 

TR£M'BLIXG-LY, ad. With shaking or shiver- 
ing. 

TRE-MEX'DOUS, a. Such as may excite fear or 
terror, or astonish by force and violence, as a tre- 
mendous storm. — Syn. Terrible ; frightful; dread- 
ful ; awful. 

TRE-MEX'DOUS-LY, ad. In a manner to awaken 
terror or astonishment. 

TRE-MeX'DOUS-XESS, n. The state or quality 
of being tremendous, terrible, or violent. 

TRe'MOR, n. An involuntary trembling or shak- 
ing; a quivering or vibratory motion. 

TREM'u-LOUS, a. Trembling, as affected with 
fear or timiditv ; shivering ; shaking. 

TREM'u-LOUS-LY, ad. With shivering. 

TReM'u-LOUS-NESS, n. A state of shaking or 
quivering. 

TRENCH, v. t. To dig a ditch or long furrow in 
the earth ; to fui'row ; v. i. to encroach. 

TREXCH, n. A long, narrow cut in the earth ; a 
ditch. 

TREXCH'ER, n. One that digs a trench ; a wood- 
en plate. 



TREXCII'ER-MAX, n. A great eater; a glutton. 

TREXCH'-PLOW, ) n. A plow to cut a deep 

TREXCH'-PLOUGH, J furrow ; v. t. to plow with 
deep furrows. 

TREXD, n. Inclination in a particular direction, 
as the trend of the coast. 

TREXD, v. i. To run ; to have a particular direc- 
tion ; v. t. to free wool from filth. [.Local.'] 

TREX'DLE, n. Any thing round that is used in 
turning or rolling; a little wheel. 

TREX'TAL, n. In the Roman Catholic Church, a 
service of thirty masses for the dead. 

TRE-PAX', n. A circular saw, used in surgery to 
perforate the skull. 

TRE-PaX', v. t. To cut or perforate 'with a trepan. 

TRE-PAX', n. A snare ; a trapan. 

TRE-PHiiXE' or TRE-PHiXE', n. An instrument 
for trepanning, more modern than the trepan. 

TRE-PHiXE' or TRE-PHINE', v. t. To perforate 
with a trephine; to trepan. 

TREP-I-Da'TIOX, n. An involuntary trembling ; 
a quaking or quivering from fear or terror; con- 
fused haste. — Syn. Tremor ; agitation ; fear ; 
emotion. 

TRES'PASS, v. i. Literally, to pass beyond ; hence, 
to cross the boundary of another's land unlawful- 
ly ; to commit any offense against another ; to in- 
trude ; to inconvenience. 

TRES'PASS, n. An unlawful act against the 
rights of another ; any violation of a known rule 
or duty ; sin. 

TR£S'PASS-ER, n. One who trespasses; a trans- 
gressor of the moral law ; a sinner. 

TRESS, n. A lock, knot, or ringlet of hair. 

TRESSED (trest), a. Having tresses; curled. 

TRES'TLE (tres'sl), n. A frame to support any 
thing. 

TRET, n. An allowance in weight for waste. 

TREV'ET,) n. A stool or other thing supported 

TRIVET, J by three legs. 

TREY (tra), n. The three at cards or dice. 

TRI, in compounds, signifies Three. 

TRi'A-BLE, a. That may be tried or legally ex- 
amined. 

TRi'AD, n. The union of three ; three united ; in 
music, the common chord, consisting of the third, 
fifth, and eighth. 

TRi'AL, n. Any effort or exertion of strength to 
ascertain its effect; an examination or experi- 
ment ; a temptation ; legal examination ; suffer- 
ing that puts strength, patience, or faith to the 
test. — Syn. Attempt ; endeavor ; proof ; essay. 
See Test. 

TRi'aX g -GLE (tri'ang-gl), n. A figure of three 
lines and three angles. 

TRI'aX g -GL£'D (-ang-gld), a. Having three an- 
gles. 

TRi-AX G 'GU-LA.R, a. That has three angles. 

TRi-aX g -GU-La'TION, n. The use of a series of 
triangles in surveying. 

TRi'aR€H-Y, n. Government by three persons. 

TRi'BAL, a. Belonging to a tribe. 

TRi-Ba'SIC, a. Having three bases. 

TRiBE, n. A family, race, or series of genera- 
tions; a division of people, animals, or vegeta- 
bles. 

TRiB'LET, n. A tool for making rings. 

TRt-BoM'E-TER, n. An instrument to ascertain 
the degree of friction. 

TRi'BRACH (-brak), ru A poetic foot of three 
short syllables. 

TRIB-u-La'TIOX, n. Great affliction; the dis- 
tresses of life. 

TRI-Bu'XAL, n. Properly, the seat of a judge; 
court of justice. 

TRiB'u-XA-RY. a. Pertaining to tribunes. 

TRiB'cXE (trib'yiine), n. In ancient Rome, an 
officer chosen by the people to protect them from 
the oppressions of the nobles; a pulpit for a 
speaker. 



dove, wolf, book, eule, bull; yi"ciot;s. — o asK; g as j ; s as z ; en as sh; this. + Sot English. 



TBI 



478 



TRI 



TRIB'uNE-SHIP, n. The office of a tribune. 

TRIB-u-M"TIAL (-yu-nisb/al), a. Pertaining to 
or suiting a tribune. 

TRIB'u-TA-RI-NESS, n. ' State of being tributary. 

TRiB'u-TA-RY, a. Subject to pay tribute; con- 
tributing; paid in tribute. 

TRiB'u-TA-RY, n. One who is subject to pay 
tribute. 

TRIB'uTE (trlb'yute), n. A tax imposed on a con- 
quered country; something contributed. 

TlilCE, n. A short time; an instant; a moment. 

TRI-CeN'NL-AL, a. Denoting thirty years. 

TRICK, n. An artifice for the purpose of decep- 
tion; a habit, as a bad trick; a term in card- 
playing. — Syn. Stratagem; wile; cheat; impos- 
ture; deception; imposition. 

TRICK, v. t. To impose upon; to cheat; to deco- 
rate or adorn ; v. i. to live by fraud. 

TRICK'ER-Y, n. The use of artifice ; the art of 
dressing up. 

TRICK'ISH, a. Knavishly artful ; given to cheat- 
ing. 

TRICK'ISH-NESS, n. Deception; practice of 
cheating; the state of being deceitful. 

TRICK'LE (trik'kl), v. i. To flow or drop gently. 

TRiCK'STER, n. A deceiver; a cheat. 

TRICK'Y, a. Full of tricks. 

TRi'-€0L-OR (-kul-ur), n. The national French 
banner of blue, white, and red, adopted at the 
first revolution. 

TRI-CoR'PO-RAL, a. Having three bodies. 

TRI'DENT, n. A scepter or spear with three 
prongs. 

TRI'DENT, a. Having three teeth or prongs. 

TRi-DeNT'ATE, a. Having three teeth. 

TRI-EN'NI-AL, a. Lasting or continuing three 
years ; happening every three years. 

TRl-EN'NLAL-LY, ad. Once in three years. 

TRl'ER, n. One who tries or makes experiments. 

TRl'FAL-LoW (-fal-lo), V. t. To plow a third time 
before sowing. 

TRI'FID, ff,. Divided into three parts. 

TRI'FLE (tri'fl), n. A thing of little value or con- 
sequence ; a dish of sweetmeats and cake with 
syllabub. 

TRi'FLE, v. i. To act or talk with levity or folly ; 
v. t. to make of no importance. 

TRI'FLER, n. One who trifles. 

TRi'FLING, a. Of little value or importance ; 
trivial. 

TRI FLING- LY, ad. Without importance. 

TRl-FLu'EOUS, a. Bearing three flowers. 

TRl-Fo'LI-ATE, a. Having three leaves. 

TRl'FORM, a. Having a triple form. 

TRIG, v. t. To stop or fasten a wheel. 

TRIG'A-MY, n. The having thi'ee consorts at 
once, or being married three times. 

TRIG'GER, n. The catch of a wheel ; the part of 
fire-arms which, when pulled, causes the lock to 
strike and discharge the piece. 

TRI'GLYPH (tii'glyph), n. An ornament in the 
frieze of the Doric columns. 

TRI-GLYPH'IC, a. Pertaining to triglyphs. 

TRi'GON, n. A triangle ; a term used in astrol- 
ogy. 

TRiG'O-NAL, \ a. Triangular ; having three 

TRIG'O-NOUS, j corners. 

TRIG-O-NO-MeT'RIC-AL, a. According to trig- 
onometry. 

TRIG-O-NoM'E-TRY, n. The science of determ- 
ining the sides and angles of triangles. 

TRi'GRAPH, n. Three letters with one sound. 

TRi-He'DRAL, a. Having three equal sides. 

TRI-He'DRON, n. A figure of three equal sides. 

TRiJ'u-GOUS, a. Having three pairs of leaflets. 

TRi-LaT'ER-AL, a. Having three sides. 

TRI-LIT'ER-AL, a. Consisting of three letters ; 
n. a word consisting of three letters. 

TRILL, n. A quaver; a shaking of the voice in 
singing, or of the sound of an instrument. 



TRILL, v. t. To utter with tremulousness or qua- 
vering of voice ; to make a quavering sound on 
an instrument. 

TRILLION, n. A million of millions of millions, 
or the square of a million multiplied by a million. 

TRI-Lo'BATE, a. Having three lobes. 

TRi-Lo€'u-LAR, a. Having three cells for seeds. 

TRIM, a. Being firm or in good order ; compact ; 
tight; neat; snug. 

TRIM, v. t. In a general sense, to make right ; 
hence, to dress the body aright; to cut the hair; 
to lop off, as superfluous branches ; to prepare 
for use, as to trim a lamp ; to balance a boat or 
ship ; to rebuke. 

TRIM, v. i. To fluctuate between parties. 

TRIM, n. The state of dress, &c. ; the condition 
of a vessel as to balance, &c. 

TRI-MES'TER, n. A period of three months. 

TRIM'E-TER, n. A division of verse, of three 
measures. 

TRI-MeT'RI-CAL, a. Consisting of three poetic 
measures. 

TRIM'LY, ad. Nicely; sprucely; in good order. 

TRIM'MER, n. One who trims ; a piece of timber 
in building; a time-server. 

TRIM'MING, n. Ornamental appendages to a 
dress ; trimmings, appendages in general. 

TRIM'NESS, n. The state of being close and in 
good order; snugness; neatness. 

TRI'NAL, a. Threefold. 

TRINE, a. Belonging to the number three ; three- 
fold ; n. an aspect of planets one hundred and 
twenty degrees distant. 

TRIN G 'GLE (tring'gl), n. A little square orna- 
ment in building, as a lintel, reglet, &c. 

TRIN-I-Ta'RLAN, a. Pertaining to Trinity; n. 
one who believes in the Trinity. 

TRIN'I-TY, ru The union of three persons in one 
Godhead. 

TRINK'ET, n. A small ornament, as a jewel, a 
ring^ a thing of little value. [parts. 

TRI-No'MI-AL, n. A root consisting of three 

TRI'O or TRI'O, n. ; jrt. Tei'os. Three ; a concert 
of three parts. 

TRi'OR, V n. In law, a person appointed by the 

TRl'ER, / court to examine whether the chal- 
lenge to a panel is just or not. 

TRIP, v. i. To step lightly; to strike the foot 
against something, so as to stumble or fall; to 
err; to mistake. 

TRIP, v. t. To supplant ; to cause to fall by strik- 
ing the feet, with up ; to loose an anchor from 
the bottom by its cable. 

TRIP, n. A stroke or catch by which an antag- 
onist is thrown ; a false step ; an error or mis- 
take; a short journey. — Syn. Stumble; failure; 
excursion ; tour. 

TRIP'AR-TlTE, a. Divided into three parts. 

TRI-PAR-TFTION (-tish'un), n. A division by 
three. 

TRIPE, n. The entrails or stomach of an animal 
prepared for food. 

TRIP'E-DAL, a. Having three feet. 

TRi-PeR'SON-AL, a. Consisting of three persons. 

TRI-PER-SON-aL'1-TY, n. The state of existing 
in three persons in one Godhead. 

TRI-PeT'AL-OUS, a. Having three petals. 

TRIP'-HaM-MER, n. A large hammer used in 
forges. 

TRIPH'THONG (trif '-), n. A coalition of three 
vowels in a syllable or in one compound sound. 

TRIPH-TH5N G 'GAL (trif-thong'gal), a. Pertain- 
ing to or consisting of a triphthong. 

TRIP'LE (trip'pl), a. Consisting of three united; 
threefold. 

TRIP'LE (trip'pl), v. t. To make threefold. 

TRIP'LET, n. Three verses in poetry that rhyme. 

TRIP'LI-CATE, a. Thrice as much ; threefold. 

TRIP-LI-Ca'TION, n. Act of trebling or making 
threefold. 



A, E, &C, loiVJ. — A, 2, &C, 8ll0lt. — CAKE, FA2, LAST, FALL, WHAT; TJliEE, tekm ; marine, bird; move, 



Till 



479 



TRO 



TRT-PLfC'I-TY, n. State of being threefold. 
TRl'POD, n. A stool with three feet, on which 

the priest and sibyls in ancient times were placed 

to render oracles. 
TRiP'PER, n. One who walks nimbly or trips. 
TRiP'PING, n. The act of making a false step; 

the loosing of an anchor from the ground by its 

cable or buoy-rope ; a. quick ; nimble. 
TRiP'PIXG-LY, ad. With light and hasty steps. 
TRiP'ToTE, n. A noun having three cases only. 
TRI'REME, n. A galley or vessel with three 

benches of rowers on each side. 
TRIS-a'Gi-ON (g hard), n. A hymn in which the 

word hob) is repeated three times. 
TRT-Se€T', v. t. To cut into three equal parts. 
TRI-SEC'TION (-sek'shun), n. A division into 

three parts. 
TRIS-YL-LaB'I€, T a. Consisting of three 
TRIS-YL-LAB'I€-AL,j syllables. 
TRtS'YL-LA-BLE, n. A word of three syllables. 
TRITE, a. Worn out; used until so common as 

to have lost its novelty and interest; old. 
TRiTE'LY, ad. In a trite manner. 
TRTTE'NESS, n. Commonness; a state of being 

worn out. 
TRI'THE-ISM, n. A belief in three Gods. 
TRI'THE-IST, n. One who believes that there 

are three distinct beings or Gods in the Godhead. 
TRf-THE-IST'I€, a. Pertaining to tritheism. 
TRi'TON, n. A fabled sea demi-god ; a genus of 

Mollusca. [sic. 

TRI'ToNE, n. An interval of three tones in mu- 
TRIT'u-RA-BLE, a. That may be triturated. 
TRiT'u-RaTE, v.t. To rub or grind to a fine 

powder. _ 
TRIT-u-Ra'TION, n. Act of grinding to powder. 
TRl'UMPH, n. Joy or pomp for success ; victory ; 

conquest; joy or exultation for success. 
TRl'UMPH, v. i. To celebrate victory with pomp; 

to obtain victory; to insult upon an advantage 

gained. 
TRI-uMPH'AL, a. Celebrating victory ; n. a token 

of victory. 
TRi-uMPH'ANT, a. Noting triumph ; victorious. 
TRI-CMPH'ANT-LY, ad. With triumph. 
TRi'uMPH-ER, n. One who triumphs. 
TRi-uM'ViR, n. ; pi. TrT-um'vi-rI or Tri-uji'vtrs. 

One of three men united in office. 
TRi-uM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to a triumvirate. 
TRI-uM'VI-RATE, n. Government by three men. 
TRi'uNE (tri'yiine), a. Three in one ; an epithet 

applied to God to express the unity of the God- 
head in the trinity of persons. 
TRi-u'NI-TY (-yu'ne-ty), n. The union of three in 

one. 
TRIVET. See Trevet. 
TRiV'I-AL, a. Of little importance ; trifling ; 

smnll ; inconsiderable. [ner. 

TRiV'I-AL-LY, ad. In a light and trifling man- 
TRlV'I-AL-NESS, n. The quality of lightness ; 

smallness. 
+TRi VT-UM, n. IL.y The three arts of grammar, 

rhetoric, and logic. 
TRoAT, v. i. To cry, as a buck. 
TRo'CAR, n. A surgical instrument to tap drop- 
sical persons and the like. 
TRO-€Ha'I€, \ a. In poetry, consisting of 
TRO-CHa'IC-AL, { trochees. 
TRo'CHE, n. A medicine formed of a cake, made 

by mixing the medicine with sugar and mucilage. 
TRo'CHEE (tro'ke), n. ; pi. TRo'enEEs. A poetic 

foot of two syllables, the first long .and the sec- 
ond short. 
TRO-€HiL'I€S (-kil'iks), n. The science of rota- 
ry motion. 
TRo'CHINGS (tro'kingz), n. pi. Small branches 

on the top of a deer's head. 
TROGH'LE-A (trok'-), n. A pullev-like cartilage. 
TRo€H'LE-A-RY (trok'-), a. Pertaining to the 

trochlea. 



TRoG'LO-DyTE, n. One who inhabits caves. 

TRoLL, v. i. To roll; to run about; to fish by 
drawing the hook through the water. 

TRoLL, v. t. To move in a circular direction ; to 
drive about; to sing a catch. 

TRoL'LOP, n. A woman loosely dressed ; a slat- 
tern ; a stroller. 

TRoM'BoNE, n. [It.} A deep-toned instrument 
of the trumpet kind. 

TRoMP, n. A blowing machine, used in furnaces. 

TROOP, n. A body of soldiers; a multitude. 

TROOP, v. i. To collect in numbers ; to march in 
a line or body. [ally. 

TROOP'ER, n. A horse-soldier: one of the cav- 

TRoPE, n. A figure of speech, as when a word is 
used in a signification different from its proper 
one. 

TRo'PHI^D (trS'fid), a. Adorned with trophies. 

TRo'PHY, n. Among the ancients, a pile of arms 
taken from a vanquished enemy ; any memorial 
of victoiy. 

TRoP'IC, n. The line that bounds the sun's dec- 
lination north or soutll from the equator. 

TRoP'IC-AL, a. Being within or relating to the 
tropics; incident to the tropics; figurative. 

TRoP'IC-AL-LY, ad. In a figurative manner. 

TROP-O-Log'IC-AL, a. Varied by tropes. 

TRO-POL'O-gY, 11. A rhetorical mode of speech, 
including tropes. 

TR6T, v. i. To move in a trot ; to walk fast. ' 

TR6T, n. The quick pace of a horse. 

TROTH, n. Truth ; faith ; fidelity. [06«.] 

TROT'TER, n. A trotting horse ; a sheep's foot. 

+TRoU'BA-DoUR (troo'ba-door), n. LFr.] For- 
merly, a poet in Provence, in France. 

TROuB'LE (trub'bl), v. t. Literally, to put in con- 
fused motion, as by whirling about ; hence, to 
give disturbance or distress ; to be anxious ; to oc- 
casion labor or inconvenience. — Syn. To disturb; 
distress; grieve; afflict; molest; vex. 

TROuB'LE (trub'bl), n. A state of disturbance; 
affliction. 

TROuB'LER (trub'bler), n. One who disturbs ; 
one who afflicts or molests. 

TROcB'LE-SOME (trub'bl-sum), a. Producing 
vexation; teasing; molesting; giving inconven- 
ience. — Syn. Uneasy; harassing; perplexing; an- 
noying ; wearisome ; importunate. 

TROuB'LE-SoME-LY (trCib'bl-sum-ly), ad. So as 
to give trouble. 

TROuB'LE-S6ME-NESS (trub'bl-sum-ness), n. 
The quality of troubling or molesting ; vexatious- 
ness; unseasonable intrusion. 

TROCB'LOUS (triib'blus), a. Full of disorder ; af- 
flictive; tumultuous. 

TROUGH (trawf), n. A long hollow vessel. 

TROUNCE, v. t. To beat severely ; to punish; to 
harass. 

TROU$E, n. A garment worn by children. 

TROU'SERS. See Trowsers. 

+TROUS-SEAU' (troo-so'), n. [Fr.] The lighter 
equipments of a lady about to be married. 

TROUT, n. A delicate fish having colored spots 
on its body. 

TRo'VER, n. An action for goods found ; the 
gaining possession of goods. 

TRoW, v. i. To suppose or think. 

TROWEL, n. A tool for laying bricks and stones 
in mortar. 

TROW'$ER$ (trou'zerz), n. pi. A loose lower gar- 
ment for men. — Syn. Pantaloons. — In this coun- 
try we have almost laid aside the original word 
troivsers, applying the term only to the loose gar- 
ment of sailors or laborers, and using pantaloons 
in all other cases. The English adhere to the old 
term in respect equally to the dress of gentle- 
men and all others, making little or no use of the 
word pantaloons in this connection. 

TROY, \ n. Twelve ounces to 

TROY'-WEIGHT (-wate)J the pound. 



TRU 



480 



TUL 



TRu'ANT (31), a. Idle; wandering from business. 

TRu'ANT, n. An idle boy ; an idler. 

TRuCE, n. Suspension of arms ; temporary peace. 

TROCE'-BREaK'ER (-bru'ker), n. One who vio- 
lates a covenant. 

TRuCK, v. t. orv. i. To put off or exchange com- 
modities ; to barter. 

TRuCK, n. Exchange of goods ; barter ; a wheel ; 
a low carnage for carrying heavy goods. 

TRuCK'AgE, n. Conveyance in a truck ; price 
thereof; barter. 

TRuCK'ER, n. One that exchanges goods. 

TRuCK'LE (truk'kl), n. A small wheel or caster. 

TRuCK'LE (truk'kl), v. i. To yield or bend obse- 
quiously ; to submit with servility. 

TRuCK'LE-BED ,\ n. A bed that runs under an- 

TRuN'DLE-BeD,j other. 

TRuCK'LING, n. Mean submission or compli- 
ance. 

TRO'CU-LENCE (31), n. Savage ferocity; terri- 
bleness of countenance. 

TEu'CU-LENT, a. Of fierce aspect or manners ; 
savage ; ferocious. 

TRuD6E, v. i. To travel on foot; to travel or 
march with labor. 

TRuE (31) (tru), a. Conformable to fact; faithful ; 
free from falsehood; honest; exact; conformable 
to a rule or pattern. 

TRuE'-BLuE (trii'-blii), a. An epithet applied to 
a person of inflexible honesty and fidelity. 

TECE'-BoRN, a. Of genuine or right breed. 

TROE'-HEaRT-ED (tru'-hart-ed), a. Being of a 
true or faithful heart; honest; sincere. 

TRCE-LoVE'KNOT (-luv'not), n. A knot com- 
posed of lines united in many involutions, an em- 
blem of interwoven affections. 

TRuE'NESS, n. The certainty or exactness of any 
thing. 

TRC E'-PeN-NY, n. A familiar phrase for an hon- 
est fellow. 

TRCF'FLE (tru'fl), n. A kind of mushroom grow- 
ing under ground, much esteemed in cookery. 

TRu'ISM, n. An undoubted truth. 

TRuLL, n. A low, vagrant, lewd woman. 

TRUL-LI-Za'TION, n. The laying of strata of 
plaster with a trowel. 

TRO'LY (31), ad. In fact or reality; certainly; 
exactly. 

TRuMP, n. A wind instrument of music; a win- 
ning card ; hence, something excellent. 

TRuMP, v. t. or v. i. To take with a trump ; to 
blow. [matter. 

TRCJMP'ER-Y, n. Trifling, empty talk ; useless 

TRuM'PET, n. A wind instrument of music; an 
instrument for conveying or receiving sounds 
with increased force, as a speaking-trumpet, an 
ear-trumpet. 

TRuM'PET, v. t. To sound a trumpet; to pro- 
claim abroad. 

TRuM'PET-ER, n. One who sounds a trumpet ; 
one who proclaims, publishes, or denounces. 

TRuNC'AL, a. Pertaining to the trunk. 

tronc'Ited, } a - Cufc shorfc 0ff ; maimed - 

TRUNC-a'TION, n. The act of cutting off. 

TRuN'cHEON (trun'shun), n. A staff of com- 
mand; a club. 

TRuN'cHEON, V. t. To beat with a truncheon. 

TRuN'DLE, v. i. To roll on little wheels; v. t. to 
roll, as a thing on little wheels. 

TRuN'DLE, n. A round body or little wheel. 

TRuN'DLE-BeD, n. A bed on trundles. 

TRuNK, n. The stem of a tree ; the body of an 
animal without the limbs; the proboscis of an 
elephant ; a long tube ; a box covered with skin 
or leather,_used to contain clothing, &c. 

TRuNK'-HoSE, n. Large breeches formerly worn. 

TRuN'NEL, n. A tree-nail; a long wooden pin. 

TRFiNN'ION (trun'yun), n. A knob on each side 
of a cannon which supports it on its carriage. 



TRC'SION (31) )tru'zlmn), n. Act of thrusting or 
pushing. 

TRuSS, n. In general, a bundle, as a truss of hay ; 
in surgery, an instrument used in cases of rup- 
ture; in navigation, a rope to pull a lower yard 
close to its mast, and retain it firmly in that po- 
sition. 

TRuSS, v. t To pack or bind close; to skewer. 

TRuST, 7i. Reliance on the integrity, justice, &c, 
of another. — Syn. Confidence ; credit ; charge ; 
care. 

TRuST, v. t. To confide in ; to believe ; to com- 
mit to the care of; to give credit to ; to rely on. 

TRuST, v. i. To be confident of something, pres- 
ent or future ; to be credulous. 

TRUST-EE', n. A person to whom any business 
is committed ; a person to whom is confided the 
management of an institution. 

TRuST'I-LY, ad. With fidelity; honestly. 

TRuST'I-NESS, 7i. The quality of fidelity; hon- 
esty; integrity. 

TRuST'LESS, a. Not worthy of trust 

TRuST'Y, a. Worthy of trust or confidence; 
faithful; that will not fail. 

TROTH (31), n. Conformity to fact; veracity; 
certainty. Plural, truths, not truths; see § 76. 

TROTH'FUL, a. Full of truth. 

TROTH'FUL-LY, ad. In a truthful manner. 

TRCTH'FUL-NESS, n. The state of being true. 

TRCTH'LESS, a. Destitute of truth ; faithless. 

TRY, v. t. To make experiment ; to have knowl- 
edge by proof; to examine judicially ; to refine, 
as silver ; to use ; to strain, as the eyes ; v. i. to 
exert strength. — Syn. To attempt. — To try is the 
generic, to attempt is the specific term. T\ e 
may be indifferent as to the result of a trial, but 
we never attempt any thing without a desire to 
succeed. 

TRYST, n. An appointed meeting; a place for 
such meeting ; rendezvous. 

TfiB, n. A wooden vessel for washing, &c. 

TuBE (2S), n. A pipe ; a long, hollow vessel. 

Tu'BER-€LE (tu'ber-kl), n. A small swelling or 
tumor. 

TU-BeR'€U-LAR, a. Full of knobs or pimples. 

TuBE'RoSE or Tu'BER-oSE, n. A plant with a 
tuberous root and a liliaceous flower. 

Tu'BER-OUS, a. Full of knobs or pimples. 

Tu'BU-LAR, a. Consisting of a p pe; fistular. 

Tu'BU-La-TEDJ a. Made in the form of a small 

Tu'BU-LOUS, j tube. 

Tu'BuLE, n. A small tube. 

Tu'BU-LI-FORM, a. Having the form of a tube. 

TuCK, n. A long, narrow sword ; a fold in dress. 

TfjCK, v. t. To thrust under, or press 'in or to- 
gether; to fold under; to inclose by pushing 
close around. 

TuCK'ER, n. An article of female clothing, worn 
on the breast. 

TCCK'ET, n. A flourish in music; a prelude. 

TuES'DAY (tuze'da), n. The third day of the 
week. 

Tu'FA, n. A porous stony substance, formed by 
depositions from water. 

TUF-FOON'. See Typhoon. 

TuFT, n. A cluster of trees, grass, hair, &c. 

TuFT, v. t. To plant or adorn with tufts. 

TuFT'Y, a. Growing in tufts or clusters. 

TuG, v. i. To pull or draw with labor ; to pull or 
draw with great effort. 

TuG, n. A pulling with force ; a sort of carriage ; 
part of a harness. 

TuG'GER, n. One who tugs or pulls with great 
effort. 

TU-i"TION (tu-Ish'un), n. Guardianship of a 
voung person; instruction; price of teaching. 

TU-i"TION-A-RY (-ish'un-a-ry), a. Relating to 
_tuition. 

Tu'LIP, n. A plant and beautiful flower. 

TuLLE, n. A thin silk lace ; blonde. 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fae, last, fall, what; tueke, teem; mak'ine, hied; move, 



TUM 



481 



TUS 



TOM'BLE, v. i. To roll about by turning one 
way and the other; to fall suddenly and vio- 
lently; to play mountebank tricks by movements 
of the body. 

TOM'BLE, v. t. To turn over; to turn or throw 
about for examination ; to disturb. 

TuM'BLE, ft. A fall; a fall with rolling. 

TOM'BLER, n. One who tumbles; a drinking- 
glaas; a variety of the domestic pigeon ; a dog. 

TOM'BREL, n. A ducking-stool; a cart; a mili- 
tary wagon. 

TOM'BRiL, ft. A kind of basket or cage of osiers. 

TU-ME-FAC'TION, ft. The act or process of 
swelling. 

Tu'ME-Fv, v. t. or v. i. To swell ; to puff up. 

TO'MID, a. Being swelled or distended; pomp- 
ous. — Syn. Puffy; turgid; bombastic. 

TD'MID-NESS, ft. A state of being swelled. 

TD'MOR, ft. A swelling or morbid enlargement of 
any part of the body; affected pomp. 

Tu'MOR-OUS, a. Swelling; protuberant. 

TuMP, ft. A little hillock. 

TuMP, v. t. To form a mass of earth round a 
plant. 

Tu'MU-LAR, a. Consisting in a heap. 

TC'MU-LOUS, a. Full of hillocks; consisting in 
a heap ; formed in a heap or hillock. 

Tu'MULT, ft. The commotion or agitation of a 
multitude, usually accompanied by much noise 
of voices; high excitement. — Syn. Uproar; dis- 
turbance; disorder; confusion; hubbub. 

TU-MOLT'0-A-RI-LY, ad. With tumult. 

TU-MOLT'u-A-RY, a. Confused; disorderly; 
noisy. 

TU-MuLT'u-OUS (tu-mult'yu-us), a. Conducted 
with tumult; greatly agitated. — Syn. Disorderly; 
irregular; turbulent; noisy; lawless. 

TU-MOLT'u-OUS-LY, ad. With tumult; in a dis- 
orderly manner. 

TU-MOLT'u-OUS-NESS, ft. A state of disorder; 
commotion. 

Tu'MO-LUS, ft. ,* pi. Tu'mu-lT. [L.] An artificial 
hillock or mound of earth. 

TON, ft. A large cask ; a measure of liquids. For 
other senses, see Ton. 

TON, v. t. To put in a cask. [al. 

TuN'A-BLE, a. That may be put in tune ; music- 

TuN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
harmony ; melodiousness. 

TuN'A-BLY, ad. In a harmonious manner; me- 
lodiously. 

TONE (28), ft. A series of musical notes; harmo- 
ny; the state of giving the proper sounds, as 
when we say an instrument is in tune; proper 
jstate for use or application. 

TuNE, v. t. To put in a state for music; to sing; 
v. i. to form one sound to another. 

TuNE'FUL, a. Being harmonious ; melodious. 

TuNE'LESS, a. Destitute of harmony. 

TuN'ER, ft. One who tunes instruments. 

Tu'NIC, ft. A long garment ; a waistcoat ; a mem- 
brane ; a covering. 

Tu'NI-CLE, ft. A natural cover; a case; thin 
skin. 

TuN'ING, ft. The act of tuning. 

TON'NAgE. See Tonnage. 

TON'NEL, ft. A vessel with a broad mouth for 
conveying liquors into other vessels ; a passage 
or subterraneous arch through a hill. 

TuN'NEL, v. t. To form like a tunnel. 

TOR'BAN, ft. A head-dress worn in the East; a 
lady's head-dress. 

TOR'BA-RY, ft. A right of digging turf on anoth- 
er's land ; the place where turf is dug. 

TOR'BID, a. Properly, having the lees disturbed ; 
foul with extraneous matter ; muddy ; thick. 

TOR'BID-NESS, ft. The state of being muddy or 
thick. 

TOR'BI-NATE, \ a. Spiral ; wreathed conically 

TOR'BI-Na-TED,J* from the base to an apex. 



TUR-BI-Na TION, ft. The act of spinning or 
whirling, as a top. 

TOll'BOT, ft. A fish, eaten as delicate food. 

TOR'BL'-LENCE, ft. A disturbed state of things. 
— Syn. Disorder; tumult; agitation; unruli- 
ness. 

TOR'BU-LENT, a. Being in a violent commo- 
tion ; producing commotion. — Syn. Disturbed ; 
agitated ; tumultuous ; riotous. 

TOR'BU-LENT-LY, ad. In a disorderly manner; 
tumultuously. 

TU-REEN', n. A vessel for holding soup. 

TORF, ft. The upper stratum of earth filled with 
roots; sod; peat. 

TuRF, v. t. To cover with turf or green sod. 

TORF'I-NESS, w. A state of abounding with turf. 

TORF'Y, a. Full of turf; like turf. 

TOR'gENT, a. Rising into a puffy state; swelled. 

TUR-GKS'CENCE, ) ft. State of being swelled; 

TUR-GiiS'CEN-CY,/ inflation; bombast. 

TOR'gID, a. Distended beyond its natural state; 
swelling in style or language. — Syn. Bloated; 
tumid; pompous; bombastic. 

TUR-giD'I-TY, I ft. Swelled state of a thing; 

TuR'GlD-NESS,j" pompousness ; inflated man- 
ner of writing or speaking; bombast. 

TOR'KEY, ft. ; pi. Tue'keys. A large fowl, a na- 
tive of America, which furnishes delicious food. 

TuRK'ISH, a. Pertaining to Turkey. 

TUR-KOIS' (tur-koiz' or tur-keez'), ft. A beauti- 
ful mineral of a bluish-green color, used in jew- 
elry. 

TOR'MER-IC, ft. Indian saffron, used as a medi- 
cine and for dyeing. 

TOR'MOIL, ft. Great stir; trouble; disturbance. 

TOR'MOIL, v. t. or v. i. To harass with commo- 
tion ; to be disquieted. 

TORN, v. t. To change or shift sides; to change 
the state of a balance; to form; to transform; to 
agitate in the mind ; to cause to turn round ; to 
alter. 

TORN, v. i. To move round; to have a circular 
motion ; to change sides ; to become acid ; to re- 
pent, [pose. 

TORN, ft._ Act of moving round; change; pur- 

TORN'-CoAT, w. One who changes sides. 

TORN'ER, ft. One who turns or uses a lathe. 

TORN'ER-Y, ft. The act of forming by a lathe. 

TORN'ING, ft. A winding; a bending course; 
deviation from the proper course ; curdling. 

T0R'NIP_, n. A bulbous root much used for food. 

TORN'KeY (-kee), ft. One who has the care of 
the keys of a prison. 

TORN'-OUT, ft. The place in a railway where 
cars turn off from one track to another ; an equi- 
page. 

TORN'PIKE, ft. Strictly, a revolving frame on 
the top of a post admitting the passage of per- 
sons, but preventing that of beasts ; hence, a toll- 
gate or gate set across a road ; a road on which 
are turnpikes. 

TORN'PIKE, v. t. To form or erect a turnpike. 

TORN'PIKE-RoAD (-rode), n. A road on which 
turnpikes or toll-gates are established by law. 

TORN'SPIT, ft. One who turns a spit. 

TORN-STILE, ft. A turnpike in a foot-path. 

TOR'PEN-TINE, ft. A transparent resinous sub- 
stance flowing from pine, fir, and other trees. 

TOR'PI-TODE, ft. Inherent baseness or vileness 
of principle in the human heart; depravity. 

TOR'REL, w. A cooper's tool. 

TOR'RET, ft. A small tower on a building. 

TOR'RET-ED, a. Furnished with a turret. 

TOR'TLE, ft. A dove or pigeon; the name of the 
large sea-tortoise. 

TOR'TLE-DOVE, ft. A dove or pigeon. 

TOS'CAN, a. Noting an order of architecture; ft. 
an order of columns. 

TOSH. An exclamation indicating rebuke or con- 
tempt. 



dove, wolf, book; bule, bull; vi cious. — € 



II H 



as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; this. * Not English. 



TUS 



482 



TYR 



TnSK, n. A long, pointed tooth of a beast. 

TcSKUD (tuskt),t a- Having tusks; furnished 

TuSK'Y, j with tusks. 

TuS'SLE (tus'sl), n. A struggle; a conflict. See 
Totjse. 

TOT. An exclamation used for checking or rebuk- 
ing. 

Tu'TE-LAgE, n. Guardianship of a person or 
thing ; care ; protection. 

Tu'TE-LAR, la. Guarding ; having the charge 

Tu'TE-LA-RY,) of protecting a person or thing. 

Tu'TOR, n. One who instructs; a preceptor. 

Tu'TOR, v. t. To have the charge of a child ; to 
instruct; to discipline. 

Tu'TOR-AgE, n. In the civil law, guardianship; 
_the charge of a pupil and his estate. 

Tu'TOR-ESS, n. A female instructor; a govern- 
ess. 

TU-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to or exercised by a 
tutor or instructor. 

+TUT'Tl (toot'te), n. lit.} In music, a direction 
for all to play in full concert. 

TWAD'DLE (twod'dl), n. Weak and silly talk ; 
v. i. to use weak, foolish talk. 

TWAIN, a. or n. Two. 

TWANG, v. i. To sound with a quick, sharp noise. 

TWANG, v. t. To make to sound by pulling a tense 
string and letting it go suddenly. 

TWANG, n. A quick, sharp sound. 

TWAT'TLE (twot'tl), v. i. To talk much and 
idly ; to gabble ; to chatter. 

TWEAK,? v. t. To twitch ; to pinch and pull with 

TWkAG,) a sudden jerk; n. pinch; perplexity; 
a pinching condition. 

TWEE'DLE, v. L To handle lightly. 

TWEEDS, n.pl. Cotton or woolen goods of a light 
fabric. 

TWEEL. See Twill. 

TWEE'ZERS, n. pi. Nippers to pull out hairs. 

TWELFTH, a. The ordinal of twelve. 

TWELVE, a. Noting the sum of two and ten. 

TWeLVE'-MONTH (-munth), n. A year, which 
consists of twelve calendar months. 

TWeLVE'-PeNCE, n. A shilling. 

TWELVE'-PeN-NY, a. Sold or valued at a shil- 
ling. 

TWELVE'-SCoRE, a. Twelve times twenty. 

TWeN'TI-ETH, a. The ordinal of twenty. 

TWeN'TY, a. Noting the sum of twice ten ; pro- 
verbially, an indefinite number. 

TWeN'TY-FoLD, a. Twenty times as many. 

TWi'BIL, n. A kind of mattock and a halberd. 

TWICE, ad. Two times ; doubly. 

TWi'FAL-LoW (-fal-lo), v. t. To plow a second 
time. 

TWIG, n. A small shoot of a tree or plant. 

TWiG'GtfN, a. Made of twigs ; wicker. 

TWIG'GY, a. Abounding with twigs. 

TWI'LIGHT (-lite), n. The faint light after sun- 
set and before sunrise; uncertain view. 

TWI'LIGHT, a. Obscure ; imperfectly illumi- 
nated ; shaded ; seen or done by twilight. 

TWILL, v. t. To weave in such a manner as to 
make diagonal ridges in the cloth ; formerly writ- 
ten quill. 

TWILLS, n. pi. Twilled cloth. 

TWIN, n. One of two born together ; a sign of the 
zodiac. 

TWIN, a. Noting one of two born at a birth ; very 
much resembling. 

TWIN'-BoRN, a. Born at the same birth. 

TWINE, v. t. To twist together; to unite closely; 
to embrace. 

TWINE, v. i. To unite closely ; to wind or bend. 

TWINE, n. Strong thread ; a twist ; close em- 
brace. 

TWINGE, v. t. To affect with sharp, sudden pain ; 
to pinch. 

TWiNgE, v. i. To feel keen, darting pains. 

TWINGE, n. A sudden, sharp pain ; a pinch. 



TWINK'LE (twink'kl), v. i. To flash at intervals ; 
to open and shut the eyes rapidly. 

TWINK'LE (twink'kl), [ n. A shining with inter- 

TWINK'LING, j mitted light; amotion 

of the eye; an instant; a moment; the time of a 
wink. 

TWIN'LING, n. A twin lamb. 

TWINNED, a. Produced at one birth. 

TWiRL, v. t. To move or whirl round. 

TWiRL, v. i. To revolve with velocity. 

TWiRL, n. A quick turn or circular motion. 

TWIST, v. t. To wind, as one thread round an- 
other; to contort; to wreathe; to form. 

TWIST, v. i. , To be contorted or united by wind- 
ing round each other. 

TWIST, n. A cord, thread, or any thing flexible, 
made by winding strands round each other ; a 
contortion ; manner of twisting. 

TWIST'ER, n. One Avho twists ; the instrument 
of twisting. 

TWIT, v. t. Literally, to throw in one's face ; to 
reproach or upbraid. 

TWITCH, v. i. To pull suddenly; to snatch. 

TWITCH, n. A sudden pull; a twinge. 

TWIT'TER, v. i. To make a succession of small, 
tremulous, intermitted notes, as a swallow; to 
have a short, spasmodic contraction of the mus- 
cles. 

TWIT'TER, n. A small, intermitted noise ; a spas- 
modic contraction of the muscles. 

TWo (too), a. One and one. 

TWo'-eUg£D (too'-ejd), a. Having an edge on 
both sides. 

TWo'FoLD, a. Two of the kind ; double ; ad. in 
a double degree. 

TWo'-HAND-ED, a. Having two hands ; hence, 
strong ; stout. 

TWo'PENCE (too'pence or tup'pence), n. A small 
coin, two pennies in value. 

TYE(tI),n. l s T 

TTE(tl), v.t.\ bee 1IK 

TyKE, n. A dog, or one as contemptible as a dog. 

TY M'BAL, n. A kind of kettle-drum. 

T?M'PAN, n. A printer's frame for the sheets to 
be printed. 

T?M'PA-NUM, n. The drum of the ear. 

TTM'PA-NY, n. A flatulent distention of the 
belly. 

TyPE, n. The mark or representation of some- 
thing; a characteristic; a printing letter. 

TvPE'-MeT-AL (-met-tl), n. A compound of lead 
and antimony, used in making types. 

Ty'PHOID, a. Resembling typhus fever; n. a fe- 
ver resembling typhus. 

Ty-PHOON', n. The name given to a violent hur- 
ricane in the Chinese seas. [bility. 

Ty'PHUS, n. A fever characterized by great de- 

TfP'IC, \ a. Representing something by a 

Tf P'IC-AL,j" symbol, form, &c. ; emblematical ; 
figurative. 

TYP'I€-AL-LY, ad. In a figurative manner. 

T?P'I€-AL-NESS, n. The state of being typical. 

T?P'I-Fy, v. t. To represent by an image or em- 
blem. 

Ty-PoG'RA-PHER, n. A printer. 

Tv-PO-GRAPH'IC, \ a. Pertaining to types or 

TY-PO-GRAPH'I€-AL,f to printing. 

TY-PO-GRAPH'IC-AL-LY, ad. By means of 
types; after the manner of printers; emblematic- 
ally; figuratively. 

Ty-PoG'RA-PHY, n. The art of printing. 

T?R'AN-NESS, n. A female tyrant. 

Ty-RAN'NIC, I a. Pertaining to or noting a 

Ty-RAN'NIC-AL,( tyrant ; unjustly severe in 
government; arbitrary; cruel; despotic. 

TT-RAN'NIC-AL-LY, ad. In a tyrannical manner. 

Ty-RaN'NI-CiDE, n. The killing or killer of a 
tyrant. 

Ti'R'AN-NIZE, v. i. To exercise despotic or cruel 
power ; to rule with oppression. 



a, £, &c, lonj. 



E, &C, 6'wGTt'.— CAKE, FAK, LAST, FALL, WHAT? TII.£bT5, TERM ; JIAKINE, 



J5IRD ; MOVE, 



TYR 



483 



USA 



Tf R'AN-NOUS, a. Unjustly severe; cruel; arbi- 
trary; despotic. 

TfR'AN-NY, n. Arbitrary or cruel exercise of 
power ; unresisted and despotic power. 

TT'RANT, n. A ruler who uses power to oppress 
his subjects; a cruel master; an oppressor. 

T?R'I-AN T , a. Pertaining to ancient Tyre ; being 
of a purple color. 

TT'RO, n. Literally, one who tugs or pulls hard ; 
hence, one who tugs in the rudiments of any 
study; a beginner; a novice; a person imper- 
fectly acquainted with a subject. 

TZXR (zar), n. The Emperor of Russia. 

TZaR-i'NA (za-re'na), n. Empress of Russia. 



U. 



Uis classed with the broad vowels. It has one 
sound called the diphthongal, or long, as in 
mute; another, called a short sound, as in bull; 
and another short sound, as in run. 

u-BI'E-TY, n. The state of being in a place. 

u-BiQ'UI-TA-RY, a. Exiting every where. 

u-BiQ'UI-TY (yu-bik'we-ty), n. Existence every 
where at once ; omnipresence. 

fjD'DER, n. The glandular organ of female beasts 
in which milk is secreted. 

u-DoM'E-TER, n. An instrument to measure the 
quantity of water falling in rain. 

OG/LI-LY, ad. With deformity ; vilely. 

uG'LI-NESS, n. Deformity ; want of beauty; tur- 
pitude of mind. 

CG'LY, a. Offensive to the sight; not handsome; 

_ deformed. 

u'KaSE, n. In Russia, a royal order having the 
force of law. 

xjL'CER, n. A continuous sore that discharges 
pus, &c. 

uL'CER-aTE, v. i. or v. t. To become or make 
ulcerous. 

UL-CER-a'TION, n. The forming of an ulcer. 

uL'CER-OUS, a. Afflicted with uhjers. 

uL'CER-OUS-NESS, n. State of being ulcerous. 

u-Le'MA, n. In Turkey, a body composed of the 
imans, or ministers of religion, the muftis, or 
doctors of law, and the cadis, or administrators 
of justice ; a member of this body. ' 

u-Lig'I-NOUS, a. Being slimy; soft; muddy. 

uL'LAgE, n. That which a cask wants of being 
full. 

fjL'NAR, a. Pertaining to the ulna or cubit. 

UL-TE'RI-OR, a. Further; lying beyond. 

uL'TI-MATE, a. Most remote ; last in a train of 
consequences; concluding ; final, which see. 

uL'TI-MATE-LY, ad. Finally ; at last. 

♦ OL'TI-MA THu'LE. [L.] See Tnuus. 

+UL-TI-Ma'TUM, n. ; pi. Ul-ti-ma'ta. In diplo- 
macy, the final proposition. 

+DI/TT-MO, n. LL.] The month preceding the 
present, as on the first ultimo or ult. 

♦uI/TRA. [L.] Beyond; hence, extreme, as ul- 
tra principles or measures. 

fjL'TRA-ISM, n. The principles of men who ad- 
vocate extreme measures. 

uL'TRA-IST, n. One who pushes a principle or 
measure to extremes. 

UL-TRA-MA-R'l'NE' (-ma-reen'), n. A beautiful 
blue color ; a. beyond the sea. 

UL-TRA-MON'TANE, a. Beyond the mountains. 
Ultramontane doctrines are extreme views of the 
pope's rights and supremacy. 

UL-TRA-MuN'DANE, a. Beyond the world. 

uL'u-LaTE, v. i. To howl as a dog or wolf. 

UL-u-La'TION, n. A howling like the wolf. 

t'M'BEL, n. A mode of flowering, consisting of 
stalks growing from a common center about the 
same height, as in the carrot-top. 

uM'BEL-LAR, a. Having the form of an umbel. 



fM'BEL-LATE, a. Consisting of an umbel. 

UM-BEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing umbels. 

uM'BER, n. An ochreous ore of iron, used as a 
paint, of a dark brown color. 

UM-BiL'l€, n. A conical depression at the base 
of a univalve shell ; the navel ; the center. 

UM-BiL'I€-AL, a. Belonging to the navel. 

uM'BL2?$ (Cim'blz), n. pi. The entrails of a deer. 

+uM'BO, n. [X,.] The boss of a shield. 

uM'BRAgE, n. Literally, a shade ; hence, shad- 
ow ; suspicion of injury; resentment or offense, 
as to take umbrage. 

UM-BRa'gEOUS (um-brii'jus), a. Forming or 
noting shade; shady. 

UM-BRa'gEOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality 
of shadiness. 

UM-BReL'LA, n. ; pi. Um-brel'las. A screen or 
shade carried in the hand for sheltering the per- 
son from rain or heat. 

UM-BRiF'ER-OUS, a. Casting or making a shade. 

uM'PI-RAgE, n. The decision of an umpire or an 
authority to decide. 

fjM'PlRE, n. One to whose sole decision a ques- 
tion is referred ; a judge, which see. 

uN, a prefix, gives to words a negative sense, and 
is prefixed to participles and adjectives almost ut 
pleasure. As most uf these compounds, however, 
explain themselves, it is not thought necessary 
to insert them extensively. 

UN-A-BASHi'D' (-bashf), a. Not abashed or 
ashamed. 

UN- A-BaT'ED, a. Not abated or reduced ; not di- 
minished in strength or violence. 

UN-a'BLE, a. Not having power or means; not 
having adequate knowledge or skill. 

UN-A-BRIDg^D' (-bridjd'), a. Not abridged or 
shortened. 

UN-AC-CeNT'ED, a. Not accented. 

UN-AC-CePT'A-BLE, a. Not acceptable ; not wel- 
come. 

UN-AC-CePT'ED, a. Not accepted or received. 

UN-A€-€oM'MO-Da-TED, a. Not suited; net 
furnished with external conveniences. 

UN-A€-€OM'PA-NIJ?D (-ak-kum'pa-nid), a. Hav- 
ing no attendants or companions. 

UN-AC-€6M'PLISH#D (-kom'plisht), a. Not 
finished or executed ; not refined in manners. 

UN-A€-€OUNT'A-BLE, a. Not to be explained ; 
not subject to control; not responsible. 

UN-A€-€OUNT'A-BLY, ad. So as not to be ex- 
plained. 

UN-AC-CuS'TOM^D (-kus'tumd), a. Not accus- 
tomed ; new ; not made familiar. 

UN-A€-KNoWL'EDg£D (-nol'lejd), a. Not con- 
fessed. 

UN-AC-QUaINT'ED, a. Not acquainted ; not 
having familiar knowledge. 

UN-aCT'ED, a. Not performed or executed. 

UN-A-DAPT'ED, a. Not adapted or suited. 

UN-A-D5RN T 2?D' (-dornd'), a. Not ornamented. 

UN-A-DuL'TER-A-TED, a. Not adulterated ; 
pure. [dent. 

UN-AD- "VlS'A-BLE, a. Not expedient ; not pru- 

UN-AD-Vl$^D' (-vlzdO, a. Not advised ; indis- 
creet; done without due consideration. 

UN-AD-VT$'ED-LY, ad. Without consideration. 

UN-AD-Vi$'ED-NESS, n. Imprudence; rashne-s. 

UN-AF-FeCT'ED, a. Not affected ; natural ; real; 
unmoved; not having the passions or affections 
touched. 

UN-AF-FeCT'ED-LY, ad. In sincerity ; without 
disguise. 

UN-aID'ED, a. Not assisted ; not aided. 

UN-aL-LLZ?D' (-al-llde'), a. Having no alliance; 
having no powerful relation. 

UN-AL-LOW'A-BLE, a. Not to be allowed. 

UN-AL-LOY.ED' (-al-loyd'), a. Not alloyed or 
mixed ; not reduced by foreign mixture. 

UN-AL'TER-A-BLE, a. That can not be altered ; 
unchangeable ; immutable. 



dove, wolf, book ; P.ULE, BULL ; vi"oiovs. — € as k ; (i as j ; s as z ; cu as en ; this. * Not English. 



UNA 



484 



UNC 



UN-\L'TER-A-BLY, ad. Not to be altered; un- 
changeably. 

UN-AM-BIG'u-OUS, a. Not ambiguous ; clear. 

UN-a'MI-A-BLE, a. Not conciliating love. 

TJN-aN'I-Ma-TED, a. Not animated ; spiritless. 

U-NA-NIM'I-TY, n. Agreement of a number of 
persons in opinion or determination. 

U-NAN'I-MOUS (yu-nan'-), a. Being of one mind ; 
formed by unanimity. 

u-NAN'I-MOUS-LY, ad. With entire agreement. 

UN-AN-NOUNGE'D' (un-an-nounsf), a. Not an- 
nounced or proclaimed. 

UN-AN'SWER-A-BLE, a. Not to be answered sat- 
isfactorily ; not capable of refutation. 

UN-AN'SWER-A-BLY, ad. Beyond refutation. 

UN-AN'SWERI?D (-an'serd), a. Not answered; 
not replied to ; not suitably returned. 

UN-AP-PALLiS/D' (-ap-pawld'), a. Not daunted 
or dismayed. 

UN-AP-PRe'CIa-TED, a. Not duly estimated. 

UN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. Not to be approached. 

UN-AP-PRo'PRI-A-TED, a. Not appropriated; 
not applied or directed to be applied to any spe- 
cific object. 

UN-APT', a. Not ready; not qualified; not dis- 
posed ; unsuitable. 

UN-APT'LY, ad. In an unsuitable manner ; -un- 
fitly; improperly. 

UN-APT'NESS, n. Want of quick apprehension; 
disqualification. [fenseless. 

UN-aRM2?D' (-armd'), a. Not being armed; de- 

UN-ASKjFD' (-askf), a. Not asked or requested ; 
unsolicited ; not sought by entreaty or care. 

UN-AS-PIR'ING, a. Not ambitious. 

UN-AS-SaIL'A-BLE, a. That can not be assailed ; 
impregnable. 

UN-AS-SiGN'A-BLE (-a?-sin'a-bl), a. That can 
not be transferred by assignment or indorsement. 

UN-AS-SIST'ED, a. Not aided or assisted; help- 
less. 

UN-AS-SoRT'ED, a. Not distributed into sorts. 

UN-AS-SuM'ING, a. Not assuming; modest; not 
making lofty pretensions; not arrogant. 

UN-A-TON-ED' (-tond'), a. Not expiated. 

UN-AT-TACH.ED' (-at-tachf), a. Not attached; 
not adhering; having no fixed interest; not unit- 
ed by affection. 

UN-AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. Not to be obtained. 

UN-AT-TeMPT'ED, a. Not attempted ; not tried. 

UN-AT-TeND'ED, a. Having no company or ret- 
inue ; not having the care of a physician. 

UN-AT-TeST'ED, a. Not attested ; not affirmed. 

UN-AT-TRA€T'iVE, a. Not attractive. 

UN-AU'THOR-iZ^D (-izd), a. Not warranted by 
proper jiuthority; not duly commissioned. 

UN-A-VaIL'A-BLE, a. Not available ; not having 
sufficient power to produce the intended effect. 

UN-A-VaIL'ING, a. Not having the desired ef- 
fect. — Syn. Ineffectual; useless; vain. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLE, a. That can not be shunned ; 
inevitable. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLY, ad. In a manner that pre- 
vents failure or escape ; inevitably. 

UN-A-WARE', a. Without thought ; inattentive. 

UN-A- WARES', ad. Without being anticipated or 
designed ; suddenly. 

UN-AWjED', a. Undaunted; having no fear. 

UN-BAL'ANCZiD (-bal'anst), -a. Not balanced or 
poised ; not settled ; not restrained by equal 
power. 

UN-BAL'LAST, v. t To free from ballast. 

UN-BAR'; v. t. To loose from a bar; to unfasten. 

UN-BEAR' A-BLE, a. Not to be borne or endured. 

UN-BE-€6M'ING (-kum'ing), a. Improper for 
the person or character ; indecorous ; unsuitable. 

UN-BE-€6M'ING-LY, ad. In an improper man- 
ner. 

UN-BE-FIT'TING, a. Unsuitable ; unbecoming. 

UN-BE-LIeF', n. Incredulity; the withholding 
of belief. See Disbelief. 



UN-BE-LIeV'ER (-leev'er), n. One incredulous ; 
an infidel, which see. 

UN-BE-LIeVING, a. Not believing; infidel. 

UN-BeND', v. t. To relax or slacken ; to remit 
from a strain of exertion ; to set at ease for a 
time ; to relax effeminately ; in seamanship, to 
take the sails from their yards and stays. 

UN-BeND'ING, a. Not suffering flexure ; unyield- 
ing ; inflexible ; n. the act of relaxation. 

UN-Bi'AS-ED (-bi'ast), a. Free from undue par- 
tiality; unprejudiced; free from bias. 

UN-BID', \ a. Not bid ; not invited ; not re- 

UN-BID'D.E'N,]" quested to attend. 

UN-BiT', v. t: To take bits from the mouth of; to 
unbridle. 

UN-BLaM'A-BLE, a. Not blamable or culpable. 

UN-BLeM'ISH^D (-blem'isht), a. Free from 
blemish or stain. 

UN-BLeST', a. Not blessed ; unhappy ; wretch- 
ed ; excluded from benediction. 

UN-BLuSH'ING, a. Destitute of shame. 

UN-BLuSH'ING-LY, ad. With impudence. 

UN-BoAST'FUL, a. Not boastful ; unassuming. 

UN-BoLT', v. i. To loose from fastening by a bolt. 

UN-B5RN',1 a. Not born; future; not brought 

UN'BORN, f into life. 

UN-Bo'SOM (-boo'zum), v. t. To disclose freely 
one's secret opinions or feelings; to lay open in 
confidence. 

UN-BOUGHT' (un-bawf), a. Not purchased. • 

UN-BOUND', a. Not bound; .loose; wanting a 
cover. 

UN-BOUND'ED, a. Having no bounds or limits ; 
having no check or control. 

UN-Bo W' (un-bo'), v. t. To unbend. 

UN-BReD', a. Not well bred; rude; not polish- 
ed in manners ; ill educated ; not taught. 

UN-BRI'DLE, v. t. To free from the bridle. 

UN-E-RrDLi?D, a. Loose; unrestrained. 

UN-BRo'KJ?N (bro'kn), a. Not broken; whole; 
entire ; not subdued ; not tamed ; not taught. 

UN-BuR'D.E N, v. t. To rid or free from a load ; to 
throw off; to relieve. 

UN-BUR'IjED (un-ber'rid), a. Not interred. 

UN-BuRNT', <£ Not burned; not scorched; not 
baked. 

UN-BOR'THEN. See Unburden. 

UN-BuT'TON (-but'tn), v. t. To loose the but- 
tons_of , to loose from being fastened by buttons. 

UN-€agE', v. t. To release from a cage. 

UN-OALLjED' (-kawld'), a. Not called ; not in- 
vited. 

UN-CAN'DID, a. Not candid; not fair; partial. 

UN-€A-N5N'I€-AL, a. Not according to the ca- 
nons , not acknowledged as authentic. 

UN-€aP', v. t. To free from a cap or cover; to 
open. 

UN-OAUGHT' (-kawf), a. Not caught or taken. 

UN-CeAS'ING, a. Not ceasing; continual. . 

UN-CeAS'ING-LY, ad. Without intermission. 

UN-CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Not formal. 

UN-CER'TAIN, a. Not certain; not having cer- 
tain knowledge ; not exact; unsettled; irregular. 

UN-CeR'TAIN-TY, n. Want of certainty or pre- 
cisionj^ something unknown. 

UN-CH aIN', v. t. To free from chains ; to unbind. 

UN-CHaN&E'A-BLE, a. Not changeable ; immu- 
table; not subject to variation. 

UN-CHaNgE'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or 
state of not being changed. [mutably. 

UN-CH ANgE'A-BLY, ad. Without change; im- 

UN-CHaNg'ING, a. Suffering no alteration. 

UN-CHaR'I-TA-BLE, a. Having no charity ; con- 
trary to charity or the universal love prescribed 
by Christianity. 

UN-CHaR'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. Want cf charity. 

UN-CHaR'I-TA-BLY, ad. With want of charity. 

UN-CHaSTE', a. Wanting chastity; not conti- 
nent; lewd. [strained. 

UN-CHeCKjE'D' (-chekf), a. Not checked ; not re- 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what ; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



UNC 



485 



UNC 



UN-€HRiS'TIAN (-krist'yan), a. Contrary to 
Christianity; not evangelized ; not converted to 
the Christian faith ; infidel. 

UN-CHuRCH', v. t. To expel from a church; to 
deprive of the character and rights of a church. 

fjN'CIAL (fin'shal), a. Pertaining to letters of a 
large size, used in ancient manuscripts. 

uN'CIAL (fin'shal), n. An uncial letter. 

uN'CI-FORM. a. Shaped like a hook. 

UN-CiR-€UM-Ci"SION (-sizh'un), n. Want of cir- 
cumcision ; in Scripture, the Gentiles, who did 
not practice circumcision. 

UN-CiV'IL, a. Uncourteous in manners ; not com- 
plaisant; rude. 

UN-CiV'IL-IZj&D (-civ'il-Tzd), a. Not civilized ; 
not reclaimed from savage life. 

UN-CiV'IL- LY, ad. In a rude manner; rudely; 
impolitely. 

UN-CLaSP', v. t To loosen a clasp ; to open what 
is fastened with a clasp. 

UN-CLAS'SIG, X a. Not classical ; notaccord- 

UN-€LaS'SIC-AL,j ing to the best models of 
writing ; not pertaining to the classic writers. 

uN'GLE (fink'kl), n. A father's or mother's 
brother. 

UN-CLEAN', a. Not clean; foul; filthy; lewd. 

UN-CLEAN'LI-NESS (-klen'le-ness), n. Want of 
cleanliness ; filthiness. 

UN-CLeAN'LY (-klSn'ly), a. Being foul or filthy. 
— Syn. Unchaste; obscene; indecent; dirty. 

UN-CLEAN'NESS, n. A state of filthiness; lewd- 
ness ; want of ritual or ceremonial purity ; sinful- 
ness, [ed. 

UN-CLiNCH', v. t. To open what has been clench- 

UN-CLoG', v. t. To disencumber of difficulties or 
obstructions ; to set free. 

UN-CL6SE', v. t. To open; to disclose; to break 
the seal of, as to unclose a letter. 

UN-CLoTHE', v. t. To deprive of clothing. 

UN-CLOUD', v. t To clear from clouds. 

UN-CLOUD'ED, a. Cleared or free from clouds; 
not darkened ; not obscured. 

UN-COIL', v. t. To unwind and open, as the turns 
of a rope or other line. 

UN-COL-LeCT'ED, a. Not collected; outstand- 
ing, as uncollected taxes ; not recovered from con- 
fusion, [ful. 

UN-COME'LY (-kum'ly), a. Not comely ; ungrace- 

UN-COM'FORT-A-BLE, a. Affordingyio comfort ; 
giving uneasiness. 

UN-C0xM'FORT-A-BLY (-kum'furt-), ad. With- 
out cheerfulness ; in an uneasy state. 

UN-COM-MIT'TED, a. Not referred to a commit- 
tee ; not pledged by any thing said or done. 

UN-C6M'MON, a. Not common or usual ; not oft- 
en seen or known. — Syn. Rare ; scarce ; unfre- 
quent ; unwonted ; singular. 

UN-CO M'MON-LY, ad. Rarely; unusually; to an 
uncommon degree. 

UN-CuM'MON-NESS, n. Rareness of occurrence ; 
infrequency. 

UN-COM-Mu'NI-CA-TIVE, a. Not free to com- 
municate; reserved. 

UN-COM-PLaIN'ING, a. Not murmuring; not 
disposed to murmur. 

UN-CoM'PRO-MiS-ING, a. Not agreeing to terms ; 
not admitting of compromise. 

UN-CON-CERN',7i. Want of concern ; indifference; 
freedom from solicitude. 

UN-OON-CERNi'D' (-kon-sernd'), a. Not con- 
cerned ; indifferent ; not anxious ; feeling no so- 
licitude. 

UN-CON-CeRN'ED-LY, ad. Without concern; 
without anxiety. 

UN-CON-CiL'I-a-TING, a. Not adapted to gain 
favor, or disposed to conciliation. 

UN-CON-DI"TION-AL, (-dish'un-al), a. Not lim- 
ited by conditions ; absolute ; unreserved. 

UN-CON-Dl"TION-AL-LY (-dish'un-al-ly), ad. 
Without conditions; without reservation. 



UN-CON-FtRMED' (-kon-firmdO, a. Not confirm- 
ed or ratified. 

UN-CON-GE'NI-AL, a. Not congenial. 

UN-CON'JU-GAL, a. Not becoming the married 
state ; not befitting wife or husband. 

UN-CON-NECT'ED,a. Not connected; incoherent; 
loose; desultory. 

UN-CoN'QULR-A-BLE (-konk'er-), a. That can 
not be subdued or brought under control, as un- 
conquerable passion or temper. — Syn. Invincible; 
insuperable; insurmountable. 

UN-CON'QUER-A-BLY, ad. Invincibly. 

UN-CON-SCI-eN'TIOUS (-kon-she-cn'shus), a. 
Not conscientious. 

UN-C6N'SCION-A-BLE, a. Unreasonable ; un- 
just; not guided or influenced by conscience. 

UN-CoN'SCION-A-BLY, ad. In an unreasonable 
manner. 

UN-CON'SCIOUS (-kon'shus), a. Not perceiving 
or knoAving. 

UN-C6N'SCIOUS-LY, ad. Without knowledge. 

UN-€6N'SCIOUS-NESS, n. Want of perception. 

UN-CON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Not agreeable to 
nor authorized by the constitution ; contrary to 
the principles of the constitution. 

UN-CON-STRaINjED' (-straind'), a. Free from 
constraint; not proceeding from constraint. 

UN-CON-STRaINT', n. Freedom from constraint. 

UN-€6N'TRTTE, a. Wanting penitence. 

UN-CON-TRoL'LA-BLE, a. Not to be controlled ; 
ungovernable; that can not be restrained; that 
can not be resisted or diverted; indisputable. 

UN-CON-TRoL'LA-BLY, ad. Without control. 

UN-C6N'TRO-VERT-ED, a. Not liable to be call- 
ed in question ; undisputed. 

UN-CON-VeRS'A-BLE, a. Not free in conversa- 
tion ; not suited to conversation. 

UN-€ON-VeRT'ED, a. Not regenerated ; not 
changed in opinion ; not renewed. 

UN-COR-ReCT'ED, a. Not corrected or amend- 
ed ; not revised ; not rendered exact ; not reform- 
ed. 

UN-COR-RuPT', a. Not corrupt; pure; genuine; 
not depraved ; not perverted. [based. 

UN-COR-RuPT'ED, a. Not corrupted; not de- 

UN-COUNT'ED, a. Not numbered. 

UN-COuP'LE (un-kup'pl), v. t. To loose, as dogs 
from their couples; to disjoin. 

UN-€0UR'TE-OUS (-kurt'e-us), a. Destitute of 
civility ; not kind and complaisant. 

UN-CoURT'LY, a. Not becoming a court ; not 
refined ; not polite. 

UN-CoUTIl' (-kooth'), a. Having awkward man- 
ners ; not pleasing in appearance ; unusual. — 
Syn. Odd; strange; awkward; ungraceful. 

UN-CoUTH'LY (-kooth'ly), ad. In an awkward 
manner. 

UN-CoUTH'NESS, n. Awkwardness; oddness. 

UN-COV'E-NANT-ED, a. Not promised by cov- 
enant ; not resting on a covenant or promise. 

UN-COV'ER (un-kiiv'er), v. t. To remove a cov- 
ering from ; to deprive of clothes ; to take off the 
hat or cap ; to disclose to view. 

UN-CRE-aT'ED, a. Not created ; self-existent. 

UN-CRED'IT-ED, a. Not believed. 

UN-CROWN', v. t. To deprive of a crown. 

UNCTION (unk'shun), n. Literally, the act of 
anointing, or an unguent; hence, any thing soft- 
ening ; that warmth and tenderness of address 
which excites devotional feelings ; divine grace. 

UNCT-u-6S'I-TY, X n. The quality of being 

uNCT'u-OUS-NESS,j" oily or greasy. 

uNOT'u-OUS (unktyu-us), a. Oily in nature; 
fat; greasy ;_having a resemblance to oil. 

UN-CuL'TI-Va-TED, a. Not cultivated ; rude ; 
not instructed; not civilized ; rough. 

UN-CuRL', v. t. To destroy curls; to untwist; v. 
i. to fall from a curled state, as ringlets. 

UN-CC'R'RENT, a. Not current; not passing in 
common payment, as uncurrent notes or coin. 



dove, wolf, noox; rule, uull; vi"c:ous. — € as ii; g as j ; s as z; cu as su ; mis. + Xot English. 



UNC 



486 



UND 



UN-€uT', a. Not clipped; entire. 

UN-DaM'A&#D (-dam'ajd), a. Not having re- 
ceived damage ; unhurt; not made worse. 

UN'DA-TED, a. Waved; rising and falling in 
■waves toward the margin, as a leaf. 

UN-DaT'ED, a. Having no date. [less. 

UN-DXUNT'ED (-diint'ed), a. Not daunted ; fear- 

UN-DaL'NT'ED-LY, ad. Without fear; boldly. 

UN-DAUNT'ED-NESS, n. The quality of fear- 
lessness; intrepidity. 

UN-De€'A.-GON, n. A figure of eleven angles. 

UN-DE-CeIVE' (-seev'), v. t. To free from decep- 
tion, fallacy, or mistake, whether caused by oth- 
ers or by ourselves. 

UN-DE-CID'ED, a. Not determined ; unsettled. 

UN-DE-Cl'PHER-A-BLE, a. That can not be ex- 
plained or deciphered. 

UN-DeCK', v. t. To divest of ornaments. 

UN-DE-€LlN2?D' (-kllnd'), a. Not declined; not 
turning from the right. 

UN-DE-EeND'ED, a. Not defended ; not vindi- 
cated. 

UN-DE-FILjFD' (-f lid'), a. Not polluted ; pure. 

UN-DE-FINJ5 D' (-find'), a. Not defined ; not lim- 
ited ; not described by definition or explanation. 

UN-DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. That can not be dem- 
onstrated ; not capable of fuller evidence. 

UN-DE-Ni'A-BLE, a. That can not be denied. 

UN-DE-Nl'A-BLY, ad. Certainly; indisputably. 

UN'DER, prep. So as to have something over or 
above ; beneath ; below ; in a state of pupilage or 
subjection to ; for less than ; with the pretense of; 
represented by; in the form of ; signed by. See 
Over. 

CN'DER, ad. Below ; not above ; less. 

UN'DER, a. Lower in degree; subject; subordi- 
nate. 

UN-DER-a€'TION, n. Subordinate action. 

UN-DEE-BlD', v. t. To bid or offer less than an- 
other. 

uN'DER-BRuSH, n. Small trees and shrubs in a 
wood or forest. 

uVDER-€OR-RENT, n. A current below the sur- 
face of the water. 

UN-DER-Go', v. t. To endure something burden- 
some or painful ; to bear ; to pass through ; to 
sustain without fainting. 

UN-DER-GRaD'O-ATE (-grad'yii-ate), n. A stu- 
dent in a college who has not taken his first de- 
gree. 

uN'DER-GROUND, a. Being below the surface 
of the ground. 

CN'DER-GRuWTH, n. Shrubs, &c, under trees. 

uN'DER-HaND, a. Noting a covert, clandestine 
manner, usually implying meanness or fraud. 

uN'DER-KEEi J -ER, n. A subordinate keeper. 

UN-DER-LaY' (-la'), v. t. To lay under or be- 
neath; to support by having something under. 

UN-DER-LkT', v. t. To lease under another. 

UN-DER-LIE ', v. t. To lie beneath, as a stratum, 
support, &c. 

UN-DER-LtNE ', v. t. To draw a line under, some- 
times called scoring. 

uN'DER-LING, n. An inferior or mean person. 

UN-DER-MiNE', v. t. To sap ; to excavate the 
earth beneath ; to remove the foundation or sup- 
port of any thing by clandestine means. 

UN-DER-MIN'ER, n. One that saps or over- 
throws, as an underminer of the church. 

CN'DER-MoST, a. Lowest in place or state. 

UN-DER-N'EATH', ad. or prex>. Beneath; under. 

UN-DER-PiN', v. t. To lay the stones that sup- 
port the sills of a building ; to support by some 
solid foundation. 

UN-DER-PIN'NING, n. The stones on which a 
building immediately rests. 

uN'DER-PL6T, n. A plot subservient to the main 
plot; a clandestine scheme. 

UN-DER-RaTE', v. t. To rate below the value. 

uN'DKR-RaTE, n. A price below the worth. 



UN-DER-S€oRE ', v. t. To draw a mark under. 

UN-DER-SeLL', v. t. To sell cheaper than an- 
other. 

UN-DER-SERV'ANT, n. An inferior servant. 

uN'DER-SHOT, a. Moved by water passing un- 
der the wheel ; opposed to overshot. 

uN'DER-SONG, n. Burden of a song; a chorus. 

UN-DER-STAND ', v. t. Ipret. and pp. Under- 
stood.] To have just and adequate ideas of ; to 
receive or have the ideas that a person intends to 
communicate; to suppose to mean; to know by 
experience; to learn; to be informed of.— Syn. 
To comprehend. — To understand is simply to re- 
ceive into the intellect; to comprehend a subject 
is to embrace it in all its relations and dependen- 
cies. It is easy to understand that there is a 
God, but impossible to comprehend the vastness 
of his existence, wisdom-, and power. 

UN-DER-STAND', v, i. To have the use of the 
intellectual faculties ; to be informed by another. 

UN-DER-STaND'ING, n. The intellectual pow- 
ers; knowledge; intelligence between two per- 
sons. See Sense. 

UN-DER-STaND'ING-LY, ad. With knowledge. 

GN'DER-STRAP-PER, n. An inferior agent. 

UN-DER-TaKE', v. t. ipret. Undertook ; pp. Un- 
dertaken.] To engage in; to take in hand; to 
enter upon; to contract; to perform. 

UN-DER-TaK'ER, n. One who undertakes; one 
who manages funerals. 

UN-DER-TaK'ING, n. Any business, work, or 
project which a person engages in. — Syn. Enter- 
prise; attempt; engagement. 

UN-DER-TeN'ANT, n. The tenant of a tenant. 

UN-DER-VAL-u-a'TION, n. Rate below the 
worth. 

UN-DER-VaL'OE, v. t. To rate below the worth ; 
to esteem lightly. 

UN-DER-VAL'uE (-val'yu), n. Low rate or price ; 
a price less than the real worth. 

u>s' 'DER-WOOD, n. Small trees under larger ones. 

CN'DER- WORK (-wiirk), n. Subordinate work. 

UN-DER-WORK', v. t. To work for a lower price 
than another; to slight work; to undermine. 

ON'DER-WORK-ER, n. One who underworks. 

UN-DER-WORK'MAN (-wurk'man), n. An infe- 
rior laborer. 

UN-DER-WRITE' (-rite'), v. t. To write under ; to 
subscribe ; to subscribe one' s name for insurance. 
See Write. 

UN-DER- WRITE', v. i. To practice insuring. 

uN'DER-WRIT-ER (un'der-rl-ter), n. An insurer, 
so called because he underwrites his name to the 
conditions of the policy. 

UN-DER-WRIT'ING, n. The act of insuring. 

UN-DE-SORIB.ED' (-de-skiibd'), a. Not described. 

UN-DE-SERVJ5D' (de-zervd'), a. Not merited; 
unjust. 

UN-DE-$eRV'ED-LY, ad. Without desert. 

UN-DE-$eRV'ING, a. Not deserving; not wor- 
thy. 

UN-DE-SIGNjE'D' (-slnd'), a. Not designed; not 
intended ; not proceeding from purpose. 

UN-DE-SIGN'ED-LY, ad. Without intention. 

UN-DE-SiGN'ING, a. Not designing; artless; 
sincere ; upright ; having no artful or fraudulent 
purpose. 

UN-DE-SiR'A-BLE, a. Not to be desired ; not to 
be wished. [ined. 

UN-DE-TeRM'IN-A-BLE, a. Not to be determ- 

UN-DE-TERM'IN-ATE, a. Not being settled ; in- 
definite. 

UN-De'VI-a-TING, a. Not deviating uniform; 
not wandering; not crooked. 

UN-DEX'TROUS, a. Not dextrous; clumsy. 

UN-DiG'NI-FI.ED (-fide), a. Lacking dignity; 
common ; mean. 

uN'Di'N E, n. Among the Cabalists, a water nymph. 

UN-DI-R£CT'ED, a. Not directed not set right ; 
not superscribed, as a letter; not addressed. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



UND 



487 



UNF 



UX-DI8-C$RX'I-BLE (-diz-zorn'e-bl), a. Not to 
be discerned or discovered ; invisible. 

UN-DIS-GERX'ING, a. Not discerning: dull; 
wanting judgment or the power of discrimina- 
tion ; not making just distinctions. 

UN-DiS'CI-PLIN^D (-pllnd), a. Not disciplined 
or instructed ; not subdued to regularity and or- 
der ; raw. 

UN-DIS-€oV'ER-A-BLE (-kuv'er-a-bl), a. Not to 
be discovered. 

UN-DIS-€oV'ER2?D (-kiiv'erd), a. Not discov- 
ered. 

UN-DI3-GUIS.ED' (-guizd'), a. Not disguised; 
open; artless. 

UN-DIS-MaY-ED' (-niadeO, a. Not intimidated; 
bold. 

UN-DIS-P£NS^D' (-dis-pensf), a. Not dispensed ; 
not freed from obligation. 

UN-DIS-Pu'TED, a. Not called in question. 

UN-DIS-SeM'BLJJD (-sSm'bld), a. Not disguised; 
sincere. 

UN-DIS-SeM'BLING, a. Not dissembling; frank; 
not exhibiting a false appearance ; not false. 

UN-DIS-TIN G 'GUISII-A-BLE (-ting'gwish-a-bl), 
a. Not to be distinguished by the eye or by any 
peculiar quality. 

UN-DIS-TIN G 'GUISH^D (-dis-tmg'gwisht), a. 
Not distinguished; not plainly discerned; not 
marked by any peculiar quality; not treated 
with any particular respect. 

UN-DIS-f RA€T'ED, a. Not perplexed by confu- 
sion of thoughts, desires, or concerns. 

UN-I)IS-TCRB#D' (-trtrbd'), a. Not molested; 
free from interruption ; calm : tranquil ; placid. 

UN-DI-VID'ED, a. Not divided ; not disunited ; 
unbroken ; whole. 

UN-Do' (un-doo'), v. t. tpret. Undid; pp. Undone.] 
To reverse what has been done ; to loose ; to open ; 
to unravel ; to untie ; to ruin ; to impoverish. 

UN-Db'ER, n. One who brings to destruction ; one 
who reverses what has been done. 

UN-Do'ING, n. The reversal of what has been 
done; destruction; ruin. 

UN-DONE' (un-dun'), a. Not done; not performed 
or executed ; ruined. 

UN-DOUBT'ED, a. Not doubted; indisputable. 

UX-DOUBT'ED-LY, ad. Without a question. 

UN-DRAWN', a. Not drawn ; not allured by per- 
suasion, [strip. 

UN-DRESS', v. t. or v. i. To divest of clothes; to 

uN'DRESS, n. A loose or negligent dress; dress 
worn by soldiers when not on duty. 

UN-DOE', a. Not due; not right; improper; not 
agreeable to a rule or standard, or to duty ; not 
proportioned ; excessive. 

fN'DU-LA-RY, a. Playing like waves ; waving. 

ON'DU-LaTE, v. t. or v. i. To cause to vibrate ; 
to wave ; to move back and forth, or up and down. 

UN-DU-La'TION, n. A waving motion or vibra- 
tion. 

tjN'DU-LA-TO-RY, a. Moving like waves. 

UN-Du'LY, ad. Not according to duty or propri- 
ety ;_ improperly. 

UN-Du'TE-OUS, a. Not dutiful; irreverent; not 
performing duty to parents or superiors. 

UN-Du'TI-FUL, a. Not dutiful; disobedient. 

UN-Du'TI-FUL-NESS, n. Disobedience, as to pa- 
rents ; violation of duty ; unfaithfulness. 

UN-Dy'IXG, a. Not perishing ; immortal. 

UN-EARNi?D' (un-ernd'), a. Not merited by la- 
bor or services. 

UN-eARTH'LY (-erth'ly), a. Not of the earth. 

UN-eA'$I-LY (-C-'ze-ly), ad. With uneasiness or 
pain ; with difficulty ; not readily. 

UN-eA'$I-NESS (-e'ze-ness), n. A moderate de- 
gree of pain ; want of ease ; disquiet. 

UN-EA'SY (-c'zy), a. Feeling some degree of 
pain; restless; disturbed; unquiet; giving some 
pain; disturbed in mind ; difficult. 

UN-eD'u-€a-TED, a. Having no education. 



UN-E-LaS'TI€, a. Having no spring. 

UN-EM-PAR'PwASS.BD (-bar'rast), a. Free from 
embarrassment 

UN-EM-PLOY.ED' (-ploid'), a. Not employed or 
occupied. 

UX-eXD'IXG, a. Not ending; everlasting. 

UX-EX-DOWJ5D' (-dowd'), a. Not endowed ; not 
furnished with funds. 

UX-EN-DOR'A-BLE, a. Not to be endured ; intol- 
erable. 

UN-EN-GagjED' (-gajdO, a. Not engaged or prom- 
ised ; free from attachment that binds us ; unem- 
ployed. 

UX-EN-JOY2JD' (-joyd'), a. Not possessed or en- 
joyed. 

UN-EX-LiGHT'JFNSD (-en-11'tnd), a. Not en- 
lightened; not illuminated. 

UX-EX'TER-PRiS-IXG, a. Wanting enterprise. 

UN-EN-TER-TaIX'ING, a. Giving no delight. 

UN-EX'VI-A-BLE, a. Not enviable. 

UN-eX'VI-OUS, a. Not envious ; free from envy. 

UN-e'QUA-BLE (-e'kwa-bl), a. Not equable ; not 
uniform ; different at different times. 

UN-E'QUAL, a. Not equal or even; inadequate; 
partial ; ill matched. 

UN-E'QUAL-LY, ad. In different degrees. 

UN-E'QUAL-NESS (-G'kwal-ness), n. Inequality; 
the state of being unequal. 

UX-E-QUi"V'0-€AL (-c-kwiv'o-kal), a. Not equiv- 
ocal; not doubtful; not ambiguous. 

UX-E-QUlV'0-€AL-LY,ad. Without doubt; with- 
out room to doubt. 

UN-eRR'ING, a. Not mistaking; not liable to 
err; incapable of failure or of error. 

UN-eRR'ING-LY, ad. Without error or mistake. 

UN-ES-SeX'TIAL (-son'shal), a. Not essential; 
void of real being. 

UX-E-VAN-geL'I-€AL, a. Not orthodox. 

UN-E'V_EN (un-e'vn), a. Not even; not level; ir- 
regular; not equal; not uniform. 

UN-E'VJBrN-NESS, n. Want of an even surface; 
want of smoothness or uniformity. 

UN-EX-aM'PLj&'D (-egz-am'pld), a. Having no 
example or similar case; having no precedent; 
unparalleled. 

UN-EX-CeP'TION-A-BLE, a. Not liable to objec- 
tion or exception. 

UX-EX-CeP'TION-A-BLY, ad. So as to be liable 
to no objection. 

UN-EX-ClT'ED, a. Not excited; not roused. 

UN-eX'E-€u-TED, a. Not performed ; not done ; 
not signed or sealed. 

UN-EX-H AUST'ED, a. Not exhausted or drained ; 
not spent. 

UN-EX-P£€T'ED, a. Not expected ; sudden ; not 
looked for. 

UN-F.X-Pe€T'ED-LY, ad. In a way not expected. 

UN-EX-Pe'RI-ENCED (-re-enst), a. Not experi- 
enced ; not versed. 

UN-EX-PIRED', a. Not expired; not ended. 

UN-EX-PL.oR.ED' (-plord'), a. Not explored ; not 
examined by the eye ; not examined intellectu- 
ally. 

UN-EX-PoS-ED' (-eks-p5zd'), a. Not laid open or 
exposed ; not laid open to censure. 

UN-EX-PReSSL'D' (-eks-prest'),a. Not mentioned 
or named ; not exhibited. 

UN-EX-PReSS'IVE, a. Not expressing; unutter- 
able. 

UN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Having no dimensions. 

UN-EX-TiN€T', a. Not extinct or extinguished ; 
not having perished ; not being de.-troyed. 

UN-EX-TiN G 'GUISH-A-BLE (-eks-ting'gwish-a- 
bl), a. Not to be extinguished ; that can not be 
annihilated or repressed. 

UN-FaD'ED, a. Not faded or withered ; not hav- 
ing lost it- strength of color. 

UN-FaD'ING, a. Not fading or liable to fade ; not 
liable to wither. 

UN-FAILING, O. Not failing; abiding; certain. 



dove, wolf, book; KULE, hull; vL'ciocs. — € as k ; o as j ; s as z ; cu as su ; this. + Xot English. 



TTKF 



488 



UNG 



UN-FAIR', a. Not fair; dishonest; disingenuous. 

UN-FAIR'LY, ad. Not in a fair manner. 

UN-FAIR'NESS, n. Want of fairness or honesty; 
want of equitableness; injustice. 

UN-FaITH'FUL, a. Not faithful ; neglecting 
duty ; not observant of promises, vows, alle- 
giance, or duty. — Syn. Perfidious; treacherous; 
disloyal; undutiful. 

UN-FaITH'FUL-LY, ad. With breach of trust ; 
treacherously; perfidiously. 

UN-FaITH'FUL-NESS, n. Breach of trust; neg- 
lect or violation of vows, promises, allegiance, or 
other duty; treachery. 

UN-FAL'TER-ING (-fawl'ter-), a. Not faltering; 
not hesitating. 

UN-FaSH'ION-A-BLE (-fash'un-), a. Not accord- 
ing to the fashion. 

UN-FASH'IOX-A-BLY, ad. So as not to be in the 
fashion. 

UN-FAST'EN (-fiis'sn), v. t. To loose; to unbind. 

UN-FX'THER-LY, a. Not becoming a father. 

UN-FATH'OM-A-BLE, a. Not to be fathomed. 

UN-FA-Ti'GUED' (-fa-teegd'), a. Not tired; not 
wearied. 

UN-FA'VOR-A-BLE, a. Not favorable ; unkind ; 
not propitious. 

UN-Fa'VOR-A-BLE-NESS, n. W T ant of disposi- 
tion to countenance or promote; unpropitious- 
nessj unkindne^s. 

UN-Fa'VOR-A-BLY, ad. In a manner to discour- 
age or dissuade. 

UN-FeATH'ERED (-fCth'erd), a. Having no 
feathers; unfledged. 

UN-FfiD', a. Not fed ; not supplied with food. 

UN-FEEL'ING, a. Void of feeling ; insensible. 

UN-FEIGNED' (un-fand'), a. Not pretended; 
real ; sincere, as unfeigned piety toward God. 

UN-FEIGN'ED-LY (-fan'ed-ly), ad. Without dis- 
guise; really. 

UN-FeLT', a. Not felt or perceived. 

UN-FeM'I-NINE, a. Not feminine; not accord- 
ing to the female character or manners. 

UN-FENCED' (-fenst'), a. Not inclosed by a fence ; 
defenseless. 

UN-FER-MeNT'ED, a. Not fermented. 

UN-FiiR'TiLE, a. Not bearing fruit; barren; 
poor. 

UN-FeT'TER, v. t. To free from shackles ; to set 
at liberty. [daughter. 

UN-FIL'IAL (-fil'yal), a. Not becoming a son or 

UN-FIN'ISHED (-fin'isht), a. Not finished; not 
complete; not brought to an end. 

UN-FiT', a. Not fit or qualified. — Syn. Improper ; 
unsuitable ; unseasonable ; untimely ; inexpedi- 
ent ; incompetent. 

UN-FiT', v. t. To make unsuitable ; to disqualify. 

UN-FiT'LY, ad. Not properly; unsuitably. 

UN-FIT'NESS, n. Want of qualifications; want 
of propriety or adaptation to character or place. 

UN-FIX', v. t. To loosen from a fastening ; to un- 
settle ; to dissolve. 

UN-FIXED' (un-f Ikst'), a. Not fixed ; wandering ; 
inconstant. 

UN-FLeDgE D' (-flej d'), a. Destitute of feathers ; 
not having obtained full growth. 

UN-FLiNCH'ING, a. Not flinching; not shrink- 
ing ; determined ; resolute. 

UN-FoLD', v. t. To free from folds ; to expand ; to 
display; to discover; to tell; to disclose; to re- 
lease from a fold. 

UN-FOR-BEAR'ING, a. Not forbearing. 

UN-FOR-BiD', \a. Not forbid ; not prohib- 

UN-FOR-BID'DEN,j ited, applied to 2?erson$; 
allowed; permitted; legal, applied to things. 

UN-FoRE-KNoWN', a. Not known beforehand. 

UN-FoRE-SEEN', a. Not seen beforehand. 

UN-FoRE-ToLD', a. Not predicted ; not told be- 
fore. 

UN-F6R'FEIT-ED (-for'fit-ed), a. Not forfeited or 
lost by crime or breach of confidence. 



UN-FOR-GiV'ING, a. Not disposed to forgive. 

FN-FOR-G6T', ) a. Not forgot; not lost to 

UN-FOR-G6T'TEN,j memory; not overlooked. 

UN-FoRMED' (-formdO, a. Not molded into reg- 
ular shape. 

UN-FOR-SaK'EN, a. Not deserted. 

UN-F6RT'u-NATE, a. Not successful or prosper- 
ous. 

UN-FoRT'u-NATE-LY, ad. Without success; 
unhappily. [idle. 

UN-FOUND'ED, a. Having no foundation ; vain ; 

UN-FRE-QU£NT'ED, a. Not often visited; sel- 
dom resorted to by human beings. 

UN-FRe'QUENT-LY, ad. Not often; unusually. 

UN-FRIeND'LI-NESS, n. Want of friendliness. 

UN-FRIeND'LY (-fivnd'ly), a. Not friendly ; un- 
favorable; not adapted to promote or support 
any object. 

UN-FROIT'FUL, a. Not fruitful ; barren ; unpro- 
ductive. 

UN-FRuIT'FUL-NESS, n. A state or quality of 
barrenness ; unproductiveness. 

UN-FuND'ED, a. Not funded; having no perma- 
nent funds for the payment of its interest. 

UN-FuRL', v. t. To loose and unfold, as a ban- 
ner; to open and spread, as sails. 

UN-FuR'NISH, v. t. To strip of furniture ; to di- 
vest._ 

UN-GaIN'FUL, a. Not profitable ; not producing 
gaim 

UN-GaIN'LY, a. Not expert ; clumsy ; awkward ; 
uncouth. 

UN-GAL'LANT or UN-GAL-LANT', a. Not gal- 
lant. See Gallant. 

UN-geN'ER-OUS, a. Lacking generosity; illib- 
eral ; mean ; not noble ; ignominious. 

UN-geN'ER-OUS-LY, ad. With illiberality ; un- 
kindly. 

UN-ge'NI-AL, a. Unfavorable to growth. 

UN-GEN-TEEL', a. Not genteel or well bred ; not 
consistent with good manners. 

UN-GEN'TLE, a. Not gentle ; wild ; untamed. 



UN-GEN'TLE-MAN-LIKE,t a. Not becoming a 

>& breed- 
[rud ely. 



UN-geN'TLE-MAN-LY, 



man of good breed- 



UN-geN'TLY, ad. In a harsh manner ; roughly 

UN-GlFT'ED, a. Not endowed with talents. 

UN-GiLD'ED, \ a. Not gilded ; not overlaid with 

UN-GILT', j gold. 

UN-GiRD', v. t. To loose a girdle or girth ; v. i. 
to loose from a girdle or bond ; to unbind. 

UN-GLaZED', a. Not glazed or furnished with 
glass; not covered with vitreous matter. 

UN-GoD'LI-LY, ad. With impiety; wickedly. 

UN-GoD'LI-NESS, n. Impiety; irreverence to 
God ; disregard of God. 

UN-GoD'LY, a. Neglecting to fear God or violat- 
ing his commands; irreligious; profane; impi- 
ous. 

UN-GoV'ERN-A-BLE (-giiv'ern-a-bl), a. Not to 
be restrained ; licentious ; wild ; unbridled. 

UN-GOV'ERN-A-BLY, ad. So as not to be re- 
strained. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL, a. Wanting grace or elegance; 
wanting ease'and dignity. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL-LY, ad. In an awkward man- 
ner; clumsily. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Want of elegance. 

UN-GRa'CIOUS (-gra'shus), a. Having or noting 
unpleasing characteristics; odious; offensive; 
not well received ; unacceptable. 

UN-GRa'CIOUS-LY, ad. With disfavor; not in 
a pleasing manner. 

UN-GRAM-MAT'I-€AL, a. Not according to 
grammar. 

UN-GRaTE'FUL, a. Wanting gratitude for fa- 
vors ; unthankful ; not pleasant ; making no re- 
turns for culture. 

UN-GRaTE'FUL-LY, ad. Without gratitude; 
unpleasingly!' 



e, &c, long. 



&c, short. — caee, fai:, last, fall, what; tiijLle, teem ; ; marine, bird; move. 



UNG 



489 



UNI 



UN-GRaTE'FUL-NESS, n. Want of thankfulness 
for favors received; ingratitude; disagreeable- 
ness. 

UN-GROUND'ED, a. Having no foundation. 

UN-GRCDg'IXG, a. Not grudging ; giving freely. 

UX-GUARD'ED(-giird'ed),a. Not guarded; care- 
less ; negligent ; not attentive to danger. 

CX'GUENT (un'gwent), n. An ointment; a soft 
composition used as a topical remedy. 

UX-GUeXT'OUS (un-gwent'us), a. Like or par- 
taking of ointment. 

6 X 'GUIC-AL (fing'gwik-), a. Like a claw. 

UX-GUiG'u-LAR, a. As long as the finger-nail ; a 
half inch. 

UN-GUi€'u-LATE, a. Having claws. 

UX-GUID'ED (un-gi'ded), a. Xot guided or led; 
not regulated. 

CX G 'GUIX-OUS (ling'gwin-), a. Oily; consisting 
of fat or oil ; unctuous. 

fjX G 'GU-LATE, a. Shaped like a hoof. 

UN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. That is not habitable. 

UX-HACK'XEY.ED (-hak'nid), a. Not experi- 
enced ; not much used. 

UX-HAL'LoW (-hal'lo), v. t. To profane or make 
common. 

UX-HAL'LoW.E'D (-hal'lode), a. Being deprived 
of sacredness ; profane; holy; impure; wicked. 

UN-HAND', v. t. To loose from the hand ; to let 
go. [sily. 

UX-HaXD'I-LY, ad. With awkwardness; clum- 

UX-HaXD'SOME (-hun'sum), n. Not graceful; 
illiberal; unfair. 

UX-HAXD'SOME-LY, ad. In an ungraceful or 
unfair manner ; illiberally; uncivilly. 

UX-HAND'Y, a. Not handy ; not ready in the use 
of the hands ; awkward ; not convenient. 

UX-HAP'PI-LY, ad. In an unfortunate manner; 
miserablv. 

UX-HAP'PI-XESS, n. Calamity; state of being 
unhappy. 

UX-HAP'PY, a. Not happy ; unfortunate.— Sr>\ 
Distressed ; afflicted ; calamitous ; miserable ; 
wretched. 

UX-HaRM^D', «. Not hurt; uninjured. 

UX-HaR-Mo'XI-OUS. a. Lacking harmony or 
congruity; unmusical; discordant; jarring. 

UX-HaR'XESS, v. t. To strip of harness; to dis- 
arm. 

UX-HfiALTH'FUL (-helth'ful). a. Not healthful ; 
insalubrious; abounding with sickness, as an 
unhealthful season. 

UX-H£ALTH'FUL-XESS,> n. A state of insa- 

UX-HeALTH'I-XESS, / lubrity; unwhole- 
someness. 

UX-HEALTH'I-LY (-helth'e-ly), ad. In an un- 
sound or unwholesome manner. 

UX-HeALTH'Y (-helth'y), a. Wanting health; 
unsound; sickly; insalubrious. 

UX-HfiARD' (un-herd'), a. Xot heard ; unknown; 
not admitted to an audience. 

UX-HEED'ED. a. Xot regarded; neglected. 

UX-IIEED'FrL, a. Heedless; inattentive. 

UX-HEED'IXG, a. Not cautious ; careless ; neg- 
ligent. 

UX-HeLP'FUL, a. Giving no assistance. 

UX-HeS'1-Ta-TIXG, a. Not hesitating ; prompt ; 
ready. 

UX-HiXgE', v. t. To take from hinges; to unfix 
by violence; to displace; to loosen. 

UN-HITCH', v. t. To loose from a hook, &c. 

UX-Ho'LI-XESS, n. Want of holiness ; ungodli- 
ness. 

UX-Ho'LY, a. Destitute of goodness; not renew- 
ed in heart. — Syn. Wicked; profane; unsanctified. 

UX-HOOK', v. t. To loose from a hook. 

UN-HOOP', v. t. To divest of hoops. 

UN-HoP#D' (-hopf), a. Not hoped for; not so 
probable as to excite hope. 

UX-H6RSE', v. t. To throw from the saddle; to 
cause to dismount. 



UX-HoS'TiLE, a. Not belonging to an enemy. 

UN-HOUSE', v. t. To deprive of shelter; to drive 
from the house or habitation ; to dislodge. 

UN-HuM'BL2?D (-hum'bld), a. Xot humbled; 
proud ; not affected with shame or confusion. 

UX-IIuRT', a. Xot harmed or injured. 

UX-HCRT'FUL, a. Xot injurious ; harmless. 

C-XI-BA'SIGi'a. Ha%'ing but one base. 

u'XI-€ORX (yu'ne-korn), n. A supposed animal 
like a horse, having one long horn in the fore- 
head ; a fish with a horn growing from its head. 

UX-i-DE^AL. a. Not ideal; real. 

u-XI-FLo'ROUS, a. Bearing one flower only. 

u'XI-FORM (yu'ne-form), n. A like dress for a 

_ band of soldiers, &c. 

u'XI-FORM, a. Having the same form; consist- 
ent with itself. 

U-XI-FORM'I-TY, n. Resemblance to itself at all 
times; sameness; conformity to a pattern or a 
rule ; similitude between the parts and the whole. 

u'XI-FORM-LY, ad. In a uniform manner. 

u-XI-geN'I-TORE, n. State of being the only be- 
gotten. 

u-XI-LAT'ER-AL, a. Having one side. 

U-XI-LIT'ER-AL, a. Consisting of one letter only. 

UX-IM-ag'IX-A-BLE, a. Not to be imagined; 
not to be conceived. 

UX-IjLag'IX.E'D, a. Not conceived. 

UN-LM'I-Ta-TED, a. Not imitated. 

UN-TM-M6RTAL, a. Xot immortal: perishable. 

UX-IM-PAIRj^D' (-pard'), a. Xot marred or in- 
jured; not enfeebled bv time or injury. 

UX-IM-PAS'SIOX.E'D (-pash'und), a. Free from 
passion ; calm ; temperate. 

UX-LM-PEACH'A-BLE. a. Not to be impeached ; 
that can not be accused ; free from stain or guilt. 

UX-IM-PeACH£"D' (-peechf), a. Xot accused; 
not charged or accused ; not called in questiou. 

UX-IM-PeD'ED, a. Xot impeded or hindered. 

UX-IM-PoR'TAXT, a. Xot important ; trivial ; 
not assuming airs of dignity. 

UX-IM-PR£SS'iYE, a. Xot impressive ; not adapt- 
ed to affect or awaken the passions. 

UX-IM-PRoYi?D' (-proovd'), a. Not improved or 
occupied ; not used. 

UN-IX-Fe€T'ED, a. Not infected or corrupted ; 
not corrupted. 

UX-IX-FEC'TIOUS (-f ek'shus), a. Not infectious 
or catching. 

UN-IX-FLAM'MA-BLE, a. Not to be set on fire. 

UX-iX'FLU-EXC£'D (-fiu-enst), a. Not persuaded 
or moved by others; not biased; not proceeding 
from influence. 

UN-LN-F6RM#D' (-formdO, a. Not informed; 
untaught ; not instructed. [dull. 

UX-IX-geX'IOUS (-jen'yus), a. Not ingenious; 

UX-IX-geX'u-OUS, a. Not frank or candid. 

UN-IX-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. Not habitable ; that in 
which man can not live. 

UX-IX-HaB'IT-ED, a. Not having inhabitants. 

UN-IN-SPiR-ED' (-splrd'), a. Xot having received 
any supernatural instruction or illumination. 

UN-IN-S TRuCT'iVE, a. Not edifying; not con- 
ferring improvement. 

UN-IX-SuRii'D' (-in-shurdO, a. Not insured ; not 
assured against loss. 

UX-IX-TEL-LI-Gl-BlL'I-TY, \ n. The quality 

I X-IX-T£L'LI-Gl-BLE-XESS,i of being unin- 
telligible. 

UX-IX-TeL'LI-61-BLE, a. Not to be understood. 

UX-IX-TeL'LI-gI-BLY, ad. So as not to be un- 
derstood. 

UX-IX-TeXD'ED, a. Not intended or purposed. 

UX-IX-TeX'TIOX-AL, a. Xot designed or pur- 
posed ; happening without design. 

UX-iX"TER-EST-ED, a. Not interested or con- 
cerned ; not having the mind or the passions en- 
gaged. 

UX-iX'TER-EST-IXG, a. Not interesting; not 
capable of exciting interest. 



dove, wolf, book ; eCle, HULL ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as &u ; this. * Xot English. 



UNI 



490 



UNM 



UN-IX-TER-MiT'TED, a. Not interrupted; not 
suspended for a time; continued. 

UN-IN-TER-RuPT'ED, a. Xot interrupted ; not 
disturbed by intrusion ; not broken. 

UN-IN-VEST'ED, a. Not invested or clothed. 

UN-IN-VeS'TI-GA-BLE, a. Not to be investiga- 
ted. 

UN-IN-VIT'ED, a. N,ot invited; not desired. 

uN'ION (yiin'yun), n. The bringing of things to- 
gether so that parts make up a whole; a body 
thus formed, as the American Union; concord or 
harmony. — Syn. Unity. — Union is the act of 
bringing two or more things together so as to 
make but one ; unity is a state of simple oneness, 
either of essence, as the unity of God, or of ac- 
tion, feeling, &c, as unity of design, of affection, 
&c. Thus we may speak of effecting a union of 
interests which shall result in a perfect unity of 

_ labor and interest in securing a given object. 

u-NiP'A-ROl S, a. Producing one at a birth. 

u-NiQL'E' (yu-neek'), a. [Fr.~\ Unequaled ; sole ; 

_ single in its kind or excellence. 

u'NI-SON, n. Accordance of sounds; agreement; 
a single unvaried note; a. sounding alone. 

u-NiS'O-NANCE, n. Accordance of sounds. 

U-NIS'0-NANT,1 a. Being in unison ; accordant 

U-NiS'O-NOUS, i in sound. 

u'NIT (yu'nit)^n. A word denoting a single thing 
or person ; the least whole number. 

u-NI-Ta'RI-AN, n. One who denies the Trinity, 
and ascribes divinity to God the Father only ; a. 
pertaining to Unitarianism. 

u-NI-Ta'RI-AN-I$M, n. The doctrines of Unita- 
rians, who deny the Trinity. 

U-NITE' (yu-nlte'), v. t. To join two or more 
things together ; to make to agree or be uniform. 

u-NiTE', v. i. To join in an act; to concur; to 

_ coalesce ; to grow together ; to be mixed. 

U-NIT'ED-LY, ad. With union or concert. 

u-NlT'ER, n. He or that which unites. 

u'NI-TY (yu'ne-ty), n. State of being one; con- 
cord; conjunction; agreement; uniformity; un- 
ion, which see. 

u'NI-VALVE, > a. Having one valve only, 

u-NI-VALV'u-LAR, J as a shell or a pericarp. 

u'NI-VALVE, n. A shell having one valve only. 

U-NI-VeR'SAL, a. Comprehending the whole ; 
all ; total ; comprising all the particulars, as uni- 
versal kinds; general, which see. 

U-NI-VeR'SAL-I$M, n. The belief that all men 
will be saved or made happy in a future life. 

U-NI-VER'SAL-IST, n. An adherent to Univers- 
alism. 

u-NI-VER-SAL'I-TY, n. State of extending to 
the whole. 

u-NI-VeR'SAL-LY, ad. With extension to the 
whole. 

u'NI-VERSE, n. The whole system of created 
things. 

u-NI-VeR'SI-TY, n. An assemblage of colleges. 
A university is properly a school in which are 
taught all branches of learning. 

u-NiV'0-€AL (yu-niv'o-kal), a. Having one 
meaning only ; having unison of sounds ; cer- 
tain ; pursuing one tenor. 

u-NiVO-€AL-LY, ad. With one sense only. 

U-NIV-0-€a'TION, n. Agreement of name and 
meaning. 

UN-JOINT', v. t. To disjoint. 

UN-JOY'OUS, a. Not joyous, gay, or cheerful. 

UN-JuST', a. Contrary to justice; inequitable; 
acting contrary to the standard of right estab- 
lished by divine law; contrary to right. 

UN-JuS'TI-Fi-A-BLE, a. Not to be justified. 

UN-JCS'TI-Fi-A-BLY, ad. So as not to be vindi- 
cated. 

UN-JuST'LY, ad. With injustice; wrongfully. 

UN-KePT', a. Not kept or retained ; not observed. 

UN-KlND', a. Not kind ; not obliging ; not be- 
nevolent; unnatural; not favorable. 



UN-KiND'LI-NESS, n. Unfavorableness. 

UN-KlND'LY, ad. With unkindness ; in a man- 
ner contrary to nature; a. unnatural; unfavora- 
ble. 

UN-KIND'NESS, n. Want of kindness; want of 
natural affection ; disobliging treatment. 

UN-KNiT' (-nit'), v. t. To separate Avhat is knit ; 
to open ; to loose work that is knit or knotted. 

UN-KNoT' (-not'), v. t. To free from knots; to 
untie. 

UN-KNoWN' (-none), a. Not known ; not discov- 
ered ; greater than is imagined ; not having com- 
munication. 

UN-LaCE', v. t. To loose from fastening by a 
cord passing through holes and loops; to loose a 
woman's dress; to divest of ornaments. 

UN-LaDE', v. t. To discharge of a cargo ; to re- 
move, as a load or burden. 

UN-LaID' (-lade'), a. Not placed or fixed ; not al- 
layed ; not pacified ; not suppressed. 

UN-LA-MeNT'ED, a. Not lamented ; whose loss 
is not deplored. 

UN-LATCH', v. t. To loose from a latch. 

UN-LA W'FUL, a. Not lawful ; illegal. 

UN-LAW'FUL-LY, ad. In violation of law; ille- 
gally ; illegitimately ; not in wedlock. 

UN-LAW'FUL-NESS, n. Contrariety to law; il- 
legitimacy. 

UN-LEARN' (-lern'), v. t. To forget what has been 
learned. 

UN-LEARNi? D', a. Ignorant; illiterate; not in- 
structed ; not suitable to a learned many 

UN-LeAV'JS'N.E'D, a. Not raised by leaven. 

UN-LeSS', con. If not; supposing that not. — Syn. 
Except. — Except and unless were formerly con- 
founded, as " I will not let thee go except thou 
bless me." In present usage, except has always 
reference to some general fact, rule, &c, of which 
the speaker goes on to state an "exception," as 
u none can enter except by permission." Unless 
(Saxon onlesan, to unloose or set aside) has ref- 
erence to some result as affected by our taking 
away or setting aside some specified thing, as " Un- 
less we eat, we shall die ;" that is, if we take away 
the fact or supposition of our eating, the certain 
result is death. 

UN-LET'TER^D (-let'terd), a. Not lettered; un- 
learned. 

UN-LI'CENSi7D (-li'senst), a. Having no license ; 
not having permission by authority. 

UN-LICKED' (-likf), a. Not licked; shapeless; 
not formed to smoothness. 

UN-LIGHT'ED, a. Not lighted ; not kindled. 

UN-LIKE', a. Not like; dissimilar; having no re- 
semblance ; unlikely. 

UN-LIKE'LY, a. Not likely ; not promising suc- 
cess. 

UN-LIKE'NESS, n. Want of resemblance. 

UN-LiM'BER, v. t. In military language, to free 
from the limbers, as to unlimber the guns. 

UN-LIM'IT-ED, a. Having no bounds; undefined; 
indefinite ; unrestrained. 

UN-LiQ'UI-Da-TED (-lik'we-), a. Not liquidated 
or settled ; unpaid. 

UN-LoAD', v. t. To disburden of a load ; to re- 
lieve from any thing burdensome. 

UN-LoCK', v. t. To unfasten what is locked ; to 
explain. 

UN-LOOSE', v. t. To set free. 

UN-LOVE'LI-NESS (-luv'ly-), n. Want of amia- 
bleness. [ly. 

UN-LOVE'LY (-luv'ly), a. Not amiable ; not love- 

UN-LuCKT-LY, ad. With ill luck; by ill for- 
tune. 

UN-LuCK'1-NESS, n. A state of misfortune ; mis- 
chievousness. 

UN-LCCK'Y, a. Not successful; unhappy; mis- 
chievous; ill-omened. 

UN-MaDE', a. Not made or formed ; omitted to 
be made. 



i, e, &c, long. — I, S, &c, short. — cake, eak, last, fall, what; there, tebm; mae'ine, bied; move, 



UXM 



491 



UXP 



UX-MAKE', v. t. To deprive of form ; to deprive 
of qualities before possessed. 

UX-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. Not capable of being ex- 
tended by beating. 

UN-MAX', v. I. To deprive of rational powers or 
of strength and courage; to deprive oi men; to 
dispeople ; to deprive of virility. 

UX-MAX'A6E-A-BLE, a. Not manageable; not 
ea-ily restrained; not easily wielded. 

UX-MAX'LIKE,? a. Unsuitable to a man ; effem- 

UN-MAN'LY, J inate; not worthy of a noble 
mind; base; ungenerous; cowardly. 

UX-MAX'LI-XESS, n. State of being unmanly ; 
effeminacy. 

UN-MAN'NERSD (-man 'nerd), a. Without good 
manners ; rude ; uncivil. 

UN-MAN'XER-LI-NESS, n. Want of manners. 

UN-MAX'XER-LY, a. Ill bred; uncivil; not ac- 
cording to good manners ; ad. uncivilly. 

UX-MAR'RI#D (-mar'rid), a. Not married ; single. 

UX-MAR'RY, V. U To free from the marriage re- 
lation. 

UN-MASK', v. t. To remove a disguise from; to 
lay open what is concealed from view. 

UN-MeAX'IXG, a. Having no meaning; not ex- 
pressive ; not indicating intelligence. 

UX-MeAXT' (un-menf), a. Not intended. 

UN-MftAS'URED (-mezh'urd), a. Not measured ; 
immense; plentiful. 

UN-MeD'I-Ta-TED, a. Not meditated. 

UN-MEET', a. Not fit or becoming. 

UX-MEET'LY, ad. Not properly ; not fitly. 

UN-ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Not melodious; harsh. 

UN-MeR'€AN-TILE (13), a. Not according to the 
rules of trade. 

UX-MeR'CHANT-A-BLE, a. Not fit for the mar- 
ket. 

UX-MeR'CI-FUL, a. Having no mercy; cruel; 
inhuman to such beings as are in one's power. — 
St_n. Merciless ; hard-hearted ; unsparing. 

UX-MeR'CI-FUL-LY, ad. Without mercy or ten- 
derness. 

UN-MeR'CI-FUL-NESS, n. Want of compassion 
and tenderness ; cruelty in the exercise of power. 

UN-MeR'IT-ED, a. Not deserved; unjust; cruel. 

UX-MIXD'FUL, a. Not considerate or heedful; 
regardless, "as unmindful of laws. 

UX-MIXD'FUL-LY, ad. In a careless manner; 
heedlessly. ' 

UN-MiND'FUL-NESS, n. Want of consideration ; 
heedlessness ; negligence. 

UN-MiX & 'GL.ED (-miug'gld), a. Not mixed; not 
alloyed. 

UX-MiTT-GA-BLE, a. Not capable of mitigation. 

UN-MITT-Ga-TED, a. Not lessened ; not allevi- 
ated ; not softened in severity or harshness. 

UN-MiXT' D ''}" ( un - mikst '^ a - Not mixed; pure. 

UN-MO-L£ST'ED, a. Free from disturbance ; not 
disturbed. 

UN-M6N'EYJ?D (-mun'id), a. Not having money. 

UN-MOOR', v. t. To loose from anchorage. 

UX"-Mi)Vi?D' (-moovd'), a. Remaining fixed; un- 
affected ; not affected ; not having the passions 
excited. 

UN-MoVING, a. Not moving; not affecting. 

UN-MuF'FLE, v. t. To remove a covering from. 

UX-MCR'MUR-IXG, a. Not complaining. 

UN-Mu'd:I€-AL, a. Not harmonious; harsh; not 
pleasing to the ear; not melodious. 

UN-MCZ'ZLE, v. t To loose from a muzzle. 

UN-XAT'u-RAL (-nat'yu-ral), a. Contrary to na- 
ture ; acting without the affections of our com- 
mon nature ; affected. See Factitious. 

UN-XAT'u-RAL-IZE, v. t. To divest of natural 
feelings. 

UX-XAT'u-RAL-LY, ad. In opposition to natural 
feelings jmd sentiments. 

UX-NAT'u-RAL-NESS, n. Contrariety to nature. 

UN-NAYT-GA-BLE, a. Not navigable. 



UX-XeC'ES-SA-RI-LY, ad. Without necessity. 

UX-XEC'ES-SA-RV. a. Not required by the cir- 
cumstances; needless. 

UN-XEIGH'BOR-LY (un-na'bor-ly), a. Not be- 
coming a neighbor; not kind and friendly. 

UX-XeUVE', v. t. To deprive of uerve, strength, 
or vigor ; to weaken ; to enfeeble. 

UN-No f 'ED, a. Not noted; not observed ; not hon- 
ored_; not regarded. 

UX-Xo'TlCifD (-nr.'tist). a. Xot observed or re- 
garded ; not treated with the usual marks of re- 
spect ; not kindly and hospitably entertained. 

UN-XuM'BERED (-num'berd),o. Xot enumerated. 

UX-OB-J£€'TlOX-A-liLE, a. Xot liable to ob- 
jection i that need not be condemned as faulty. 

L'X-OB-Se'QIT-OUS, a. Xot servilely submissive. 

UX-OB-*eRV'A-BLE, a. That is not observable ; 
not discoverable. 

UX-OB-SeRV'AXT, a. Not attentive ; regardless, 

UX-OB-SeRY'IXG, a. Xot taking notice; heed- 
less. 

UX-OB-STRu€T'ED, a. Xot obstructed or hin- 
dered ; not filled with impediments. 

UX-OB-STRC:€T'iYE, a. Xot raising obstacles. 

UX-OB-TRC'SIVE, a. Xot forward ; modest. 

UX-o€'€u-PLE , D (-ok'ku-pide), a. Xot pos- 
sessed ; not employed ; being at leisure. 

UX-OF-FEXD'IXG, a. Xot giving offense. 

UX-OF-Fi"CIAL (-of-flsh'al), a. Not official or 
authorized. 

UN-OF-Fi"CIOUS (-fish'us), a. Not officious. 

UX-oR'GAX-iZJ?D (-Izd), a. Not having organic 
structure or vessels. 

UX-O-Riu'I-NAL, a. Not original ; derived. 

UX-GR'THO-DOX, a. Not holding correct opin- 
ions or doctrines. 

UX-OS-TEX-TA'TIOUS (-shus), a. Not making a 
showy display ; not boastful ; modest. 

UN-5WN.E.D' (-ond'), a. Not avowed; having no 
owner; not claimed. 

UN-PACK', v. t. To open, as things packed. 

L'X-PaID', a. Not paid ; remaining due. Unpaid 
for, not paid for ; taken on credit. 

UN-PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. That is not relished ; dis- 
gusting to the taste ; disagreeable. 

UN-PAR' AL-LEL.ED (-leld), a. Having no equal 
or parallel ; unmatched ; unequaled. 

UN-PaR'DOX-A-BLE, a. That can not be par- 
doned or remitted. 

UX-PXR'DOX-A-BLY, ad. Beyond forgiveness. 

UX-PaR-LIA-MeXT'A-RY, a. Contrary to rules 
or usages of legislative bodies. 

UX-Pa-TRI-6TT€, a. Destitute of patriotism. 

UX-PeACE'FUL, a. Unquiet; not pacific. 

UX-PeO'PLE (un-pe'pl), v. t. To deprive of in- 
habitants. 

UN-PER-F6RSIED' (-fornid'), a. Not done or ful- 
fille ! ; not accomplished. 

UN-PER-SUaD'A-BLE, a. That can not be per- 
suaded or influenced by motives urged. 

UN-PER-YERT'ED, a. Xot perverted or corrupt- 
ed; not wrested or turned to a wrong sense or 
use. 

UX-PHIL-0-S6PH're, 1 a. Not according to 

UX-PHIL-0-SGPH'I€-AL,f the rules or princi- 
ples of philosophy; contrary to philosophy or 
right rules. 

UN-PIERCED' (-peerstO, a. Not perforated; not 
penetrated. 

UX-PiL'Lo\YED (-pil'lode). a. Wanting a pil- 
low ; having the head not supported. 

UX-PiX", v. t. To open what is pinned ; to unfast- 
en what is held together by pins. 

UN-HT'LBD (-pit'id). a. Xot pitied; not lament- 
ed ; not regarded with sympathetic sorrow. 

UX-PIT'I-FUL, a. Having no compassion; not 
exciting pity. 

UX-PIT'Y-IXG. a. Not having compassion. 

UX-PLAXT'ED, a. Not planted or set; of spon- 
taneous growth. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; VI cious. 



k ; d as j ; s as z ; ch as sa ; this. * Xot English. 



UNP 



492 



UNR 



UN-PLeA$'ANT (-plez'ant), a. Disagreeable; not 
affording pleasure. 

UN-PLfiAS'ANT-LY (-plez'ant-ly), ad. Disagree- 
ably; in a manner not pleasing. 

UN-PLeA*'ANT-NESS, n. The state or quality 
of not giving pleasure. 

UNtPLeAJS'ING, a. Not pleasing or gratifying. 

UN-PLeDg#D' (-pledjd'), a. Not pledged or 
mortgaged. 

UN-PL? ANT, a. Not easily bending; stiff; not 
readily yielding the will ; not compliant. 

UN-PLUM K', v. t. To strip of plumes ; to degrade. 

UN-PO-kT'1€, \ a. Not according to poetry 

UN-PO-eT'I€-AL, / or its beauties. 

UN-PO-eT'I€-AL-LY, ad. Not according to po- 
etry; in a manner unbecoming a poet. 

UN-POINT'ED, a. Having no point or sting; not 
having the vowel points and marks. 

UN-POL'ISH^D (-pol'isht>, a. Not polished or 
made bright by attrition ; not refined in manners ; 
uncivilized; rude. 

UN-PO-LlTE', a. Wanting politeness; uncivil; 
rude; plain. 

UN-POL-LuT'ED, a. Free from defilement; pure; 
not corrupted ; not defiled. 

UN-PdP'u-LAR, a. Not enjoying public favor. 

UN-POP-U-LAR'I-TY, n. Disfavor with the peo- 
ple; not pleasing the people. 

UN-PRa€'TiCED (-prak'tist), a. Not expert by 
use ; not skilled ; not having experience. 

UN-PRE(J'E-DENT-ED, a. Having no precedent ; 
not preceded by a like case. 

UN- PREJ' IT-DICED (-pivj'u-dist), a. Free from 
undue bias or pi-epossession ; impartial. 

UN-PRE-MeD'I-Ta-TED, a. Not previously stud- 
ied; not previously purposed or intended. 

UN-PRE-PARED' (-pard'), a. Not prepared or 
furnished by previous measures; unready. 

UN-PRE-POS-SeSS'ING, a. Not having a win- 
ning appearance or manners. 

UN-PRE-TeND'ING, a. Not making pretensions. 

UN-PRIeST'LY, a. Unsuitable to a priest. 

UN-PRIN'CI-PLED (-prin'ce-pld), a. Not having 
good or settled principles ; having no good moral 
principles ; destitute of virtue ; not restrained by 
conscience. 

UN-PRIN T'ED, a. Not printed or stamped. 

UN-PRIZED' (-prizd'). a. Not prized or valued. 

UN-PRO-Du€'TIVE, a. Not productive or fruit- 
ful; not making profitable returns for labor; not 
producing profit or interest; not efficient. 

UN-PRO-FeS'SION-AL (-pro-f5sh'un-al), a. Not 
belonging to a profession or calling. 

UN-PRoF'IT-A-BLE, a. Producing no profit or 
gain ; not useful to others ; misimproving talents. 

UN-PRoF'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of pro- 
ducing no profit or good ; uselessness. 

UN-PROF'IT-A-BLY, ad. Without profit or use ; 
without any good effect or advantage. 

UN-PRO-LIF'I€, a. Not prolific ; unfruitful ; bar- 
ren ; not producing in abundance. 

UN-PRoM'IS-ING, a. Not affording prospect of 
success, excellence, or good ; not promising. 

UN-PR6P', v. t. To remove a prop from; to de- 
prive of support. 

UN-PRO-PI"TIOUS (-plsh'us), a. Not favorable; 
not disposed to promote ; inauspicious. 

UN-PROS'PER-OUS, a. Not successful; unfortu- 
nate ; not attended with success. [nanced. 

UN-PRO-Te€T'ED, a. Not protected or counte- 

UN-PRoVED' (un-proovd')i «• Not proved; not 
tried ; not established as true by argument, dem- 
ons; ration, or evidence. 

UN-PRO- VID'ED, a. Not furnished ; unsupplied. 

UN-PRO-VGKED' (-vCkt'), a. Not provoked; 
not vexed; not proceeding from provocation or 
just cause. 

UN-PuB'LI SHE'D (-pub'lisht), a. Not published ; 
not made known; secret; private. 

UN-PON'ISHED (-pun'isht), a. Not punished; 



suffered to pass without punishment or with im- 
punity. 

UN-QUAL'I-FIED (-quol'e-f Ide), a. Not quali- 
fied; unfit; not having the requisite talents or 
accomplishments ; not having taken the requisite 
oath ; not modified or restricted by conditions or 
exceptions. 

UN-QUf:NCH'A-BLE, a. Not to be extinguished ; 
that will never be extinguished ; inextinguisha- 
ble. 

UN-QUeS'TION-A-BLE, a. That is not to be 
doubted; indubitable; certain. 

UN-QUeS'TION-A-BLY, ad. Beyond all doubt. 

UN-QUl'ET, a.' Not easy; restless; disturbed by 
continual motion; unsatisfied. 

UN-RAN'S6MED (-run'sumd), a. Not ransomed; 
not redeemed. 

UN-RAVEL, v. t. To disentangle ; to explain ; 
v. i._to be unfolded; to be disentangled. 

UN-ReACHED' (-reechf), a. Not reached; not 
attained to. 

UN-ReAD' (-rud'), a. Not read; not recited; un- 
taught; not learned in books. 

UN-ReAD'I-NESS (-red'e-ness), n. Want of prep- 
aration ; want of promptness or dexterity. 

UN-ReAD'Y (un-red'y), a. Not prepared ; not 
prompt. 

UN-Re'AL, a. Not real ; unsubstantial ; vain. 

UN-ReA'SON-A-BLE, a. Not reasonable ; unjust ; 
claiming or insisting on more than is fit ; immod- 
erate; exorbitant; irrational. 

UN-ReA'$ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of not be- 
ing reasonable ; inconsistency with reason ; ex- 
orbitance. 

UN-REA'$ON-A-BLY, ad. Without reason ; im- 
moderately; unjustly; more than enough. 

UN-RE-€LaIMED' (-klamd'), a. Not reclaimed ; 
wild ; vicious ; not reformed ; not tamed. 

UN-RE€-ON-CiL'A-BLE, a. Not reconcilable. 

UN-RE-€OV'ER-A-BLE (-kiiv'er-), a. That can 
not be recovered ; that can not be regained. 

UN-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. That can not be re- 
deemed. 

UN-RE-DEEMED', a. Not redeemed or ransom- 
ed; not paid. 

UN-RE-FINED' (-find'), a. Not refined or puri- 
fied ; not polished in manners. 

UN-RE-FReSHE'D' (-freshf), a. Not refreshed ; 
not invigorated ; not relieved from fatigue. 

UN-RE-GXRD'ED, a. Not heeded ; neglected. 

UN-RE-GXRD'FUL, a. Not giving attention ; 
heedless. [newed. 

UN-RE-geN'ER-A-CY, n. State of being unre- 

UN-RE-geN'ER-ATE, a. Not regenerated ; not 
renewed in heart. 

UN-RE-LaT'ED, a. Not related by blood or affin- 
ity ; having no connection with. 

UN-RE-LeNT'ING, a. Feeling no pity; cruel; 
not yielding to circumstances; inflexibly rigid. 

UN-RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, a. Admitting of no rem- 
edy. 

UN-RE-MlT'TED, a. Not remitted ; continued ; 
not having a temporary relaxation; not relaxed. 

UN-RE-MlT'TING, a. Not abated or relaxed for 
a time ; incessant. 

UN-RE-NEWED' (-nude'), a. Not renewed or re- 
generated ; not born of the Spirit. ' 

UN-RE-PaID', a. Not compensated; not recom- 
pensed. 

UN-RE-PIN 'ING, a. Not making complaint; not 
peevishly murmuring. 

UN-RE-PRIeV'A-BLE (-preev'a-bl), a. Not to be 
reprieved or respited from death. 

UN-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. Not reproachable. 

UN-RE-PRoV'A-BLE (-proov'a-bl), a. Not wor- 
thy of reproof. 

UN-RE-QUIT'A-BLE, a. Not to be requited. 

UN-RE-SENT'ED, a. Not regarded with anger. 

UN-RE-$kRVE', n. Freedom of communication ; 
frankness. 



a, e, &c, toiig.- 



&c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; these, tebm ; mabise, urip ; iMovE, 



UXR 



493 



uxs 



UX-RE-SeRY.ED' (-zervd'), a. Not retained; not 
reserved ; concealing or withholding nothing. 

UX-RF-*eRY'ED-LY, ad. With openness and 
candor; without concealment. 

UX-RE-*eRY'ED-XESS, n. Ingenuous frankness. 

UX-RE-SiST'ED (-re-zist'ed), a. Xot opposed or 
withstood ; resistless. 

UX-RE-.*i>T'IXG, a. Not making resistance. 

UN-R£ST'ING, a. Continually in motion. 

L X-RE-.-TRaIX'A-BLE, a. Not to be restrained. 

UN-RE-STRaIN-ED' (-strand'), a. Not restrain- 
ed; licentious; loose; not limited. 

UN-RE-STRaINT", n. Freedom from restraint. 

UN-RE-STRI€T'ED, a. Not limited or confined. 

UX-RE-YEALi,'D' (-veeld'), a. Not revealed ; not 
disclosed. 

CN-RE-VkN6J?D' (-vSnjd'), a. Not revenged; 
not vindicated by just punishment. 

UX-RE-YeXgE'FUL, a. Not given to revenge. 

UX-R£V'ER-EXD,"a. Not respectful ; irreverent, 
as an unreverend tongue. 

UX-RE-YeRS.E'D' (-verst'), a. Not reversed ; not 
repealed ; not annulled by a counter decision. 

UX-RE-Yi$i?D' (-vizd'), a. Not reviewed or cor- 
rected. 

UN-RE-WARD'ED, a. Not remunerated ; not re- 
warded. 

UX-RiD'DLE, v. t. To solve or explain, as to un- 
riddle a mystery. 

UN-RIG', v. t. To divest of tackle; to undress. 

UN-RiGHT'EOUS (un-n'chus), a. Not conformed 
in heart and life to the divine law ; unjust ; con- 
trary to law and equity ; evil ; wicked. 

L*N-RrGHT'EOUS-LY, ad. In a wicked manner; 
sinfullv. 

UN-RIGHT'EOUS-NESS, n. Injustice ; violation 
of the divine law. 

UN-RIPE', a. Not ripe; immature; not seasona- 
ble ; not prepared ; not yet proper. 

UX-RIPE'XESS, n. Want of maturity; want of 
ripeness, as the unripeness of fruit. 

UN-RI'YALis'D (-ri'vald), a. Having no rival or 
equal; peerless. [fasten. 

UN-RIVET, v. t. To loose from a rivet; to un- 

UX-RoBE', v. t. To strip of robes; to disrobe. 

UX-RoLL', v. t. To open what is rolled; to dis- 
play. 

UX-RO-MaX'TI€, a. Not romantic; not fanciful. 

UN-ROOF', v. t. To deprive 'of the roof; to un- 
cover. 

UN-ROOT', v. t. or v. i. To tear up by the roots. 
— Syn. To extirpate : eradicate. 

UX-ROF'FLE, v. i. To cease from commotion. 

UX-RuF'FL£'D (un-ruf'fld), a. Not agitated; not 
disturbed; calm. 

UN-RC'LI-NESS, n. Disregard of restraint; li- 
centiousness; turbulence. 

UX-Ru'LY, a. Disregarding restraint ; disposed to 
violate laws. — Syn. Ungovernable; licentious; 
turbulent. 

UN-SAD'DLE, v. t. To take a saddle from. 

UX-SaFE', a. Not free from danger ; hazardous. 

UN-SaFE'LY, ad. Not safely ; dangerously ; in 
a state exposed to harm and destruction. 

UN-SaL'A-BLE, a. Not finding a quick sale. 

UN-SaL'A-BLE-NESS, n. Dullness of sale. 

UN-SaN€'TI-FI#D (-sank'te-fide), a. Not sanc- 
tified ; not consecrated. 

UX-SAT-I3-FA€'TO-RI-LY, ad. So as not to sat- 
isfy or to give satisfaction. 

UX-3AT-IS-Fa€'TO-RY, a. Not affording satis- 
faction; not convincing the mind; not giving 
content. [fied. 

UN-SaT'IS-FI-A-BLE, a. That can not be satis- 

UN-SAT'IS-FLED c-sat'is-fide), a. Xot satisfied; 
discontented ; not pleased ; not fully paid. 

UX-SaT'18-FT-IXG, a. Xot giving satisfaction; 
not giving content; not convincing. 

UX-Sa'YOR-I-LY, ad. So as to disgust. 

UN-Sa'YOR-I-XESS, n. A bad taste or smell. 



UX-Sa' YO-RY, a. Having no taste or a bad taste ; 
insipid ; disgustful. , 

UN-SaY' (un-sii'), v. t. [pret. &nd pp. Unsaid.] To 
recall what has been said ; to retract. 

UX-SCl-EN-TiF'I€, a. Xot according to the prin- 
ciples of science ; not versed in science. 

UX-St'REEX-fc'D' (-skreend)', a. Xot sheltered; 
unprotected; not covered; not sifted. 

UN-SCREW' (un-sknY), v. t. To loose from fast- 
ening by screws. 

UX-SGRIPT'CR-AL (-skript'yur-al), a. Not agree- 
able to Scripture ; not warranted by the authori- 
ty of the word of God. 

UX-SCRC'PU-LOUS, a. Having no scruples. 

UX-SeAL', v. t. To open what is sealed ; to re- 
move or break the seal of. 

UN-SeAM', v. t. To rip open. 

UN-SeARCH'A-BLE, a. That can not be explored 
or searched ; inscrutable ; hidden ; mysterious. 

UX-SeARCH'A-BLE-XESS (-stJrch'a-b'l-ness), n. 
Quality of being unsearchable. 

UX-SeA''$OX-A-BLE (-se'zn-a-bl), a. Not being 
in the proper season or time; not suited to the 
time or occasion ; unfit ; untimely ; late. 

UX-SeA'SOX-A-BLE-XESS, n. Untimeliness ; 
state of being ill timed or out of the usual time. 

UX-SeA'SOX-A-BLY (-se'zn-), ad. Xot in due 
season. 

UX-SEA'SOX^D (-se'znd), a. Not salted ;« not 
dried ; not inured ; not qualified by use or expe- 
rience. 

UN-SEAT', v. t. To throw from a seat. 

UN-SEA' WoR-THY (-see'wur-thy), a. Not fit for 
a voyage. 

UX-S£C'OXD-ED, a. Not seconded ; not sup- 
ported ; not exemplified a second time. 

UX-SEE'IXG, a. Wanting the faculty of sight 

UX-SEEM'LI-XESS, n. State or quality of un- 
comeliness; indecorum. 

UX-SEEM'LY, a. Xot becoming; improper. 

UN-SEEN', a. Not seen; invisible; not discover- 
ed ; not discoverable. 

UX-S£LF'ISH, a. Not selfish ; disinterested. 

UX-SENT', a. Xot sent; not dispatched; not 
transmitted. Unsent for, not caUed or invited 
to attend. 

UX-SeRV'iCE-A-BLE, a. Not fit for use; not 
bringing advantage, use, profit, or convenience. 

UN-SeRY'ICE-A-BLE-XESS, n. Unfitness for 
use ; quality or state of being useless. 

UX-SeRY'iCE-A-BLY, ad. Without use. 

UX-S£T'TLE (un-sa'tl), v. t. To move or loosen 
from a fixed state; to make uncertain ; to over- 
throw. — Syx. To disconcert; discompose; dis- 
place ; remove ; confuse ; disorder. 

UX-S£T'TLE, v. i. To become unfixed. 

UX-S£T'TLi T D (-set'tld), a. Not settled ; having 
no inhabitants ; not having a fixed place of 
abode; not regular; unequal; changeable; tur- 
bid; not established. 

UN-SEX', v. t. To change as to sex; to make oth- 
erwise than the sex commonly is. 

UX-SHaCK'LE (-shak'kl), v. t. To loose from 
shackles; to set free from restraint. 

UX-SHaD'ED, a. Not shaded ; not clouded ; not 
overspread with clouds or darkness. 

UX-SHaK'Js'X (-sha'kn), a. Not shaken ; firm ; 
unmoved; not subject to concussion. 

UX-SHaP'.E'X (-sha'pn), a. Not formed ; mis- 
shapen; ugly. 

UN-SHARED/ (-shard'), a. Not shared ; not par- 
taken or enjoyed in common. 

UN-SHEATHE "', v. t. To draw from the sheathe. 

UN-SHIP*, v. t. To take out of a ship or other 
water craft ; to remove from the place where it is 
fixed or fitted, as to unship the tiller. 

UN-SHdD', a. Xot having shoes on. 

UN-SHRINKING, a. Not shrinking or recoiling ; 
not withdrawing from danger or toil. 

UX-SIluT', a. Xot shut; unclosed; open. 



dove, wolf, look; rule, eull; vi"ciocs. — € asK; Gasj; sasz; ch as sh; this. + Xot English. 



UNS 



404 



UNT 



UN-STGHT'LI-NESS, n. Disagreeableness to the 
sight: ugliness. < 

UN-SiGHT'LY (un-slte'ly), a. Disagreeable to the 
sight; ugly. 

UN-SiN'NING, a. Having no sin; perfect. 

UN-SIZ'A-BLE, a. Not being of the proper size. 

UN-SIZED' (-sTzd'), a. Not sized; not stiffened, 
as unsized paper. 

UN-SKILLED' (-skild'), a. Wanting skill or dex- 
terity ; wanting practical knowledge. 

UN-SKI LL'FUL, a. Wanting skill ; awkward. 

UN-SKILL'FUL-LY, ad. Without dexterity ; awk- 
wardly ; clumsily. 

UN-SKILL'FUL-NESS, n. Want of skill or knowl- 
edge, [water. 

UN-SLaCKED' (-slakf), a- Not saturated with 

UN-SLaKJED' (-slakf), a. Not quenched, as thirst, 
as unslaked thirst. 

UN-SMOOTH', a. Not smooth or even. 

UN-So'CIA-BLE, a. Not sociable; reserved; not 
apt to converse. 

UN-So'CIA-BLY, ad. With reserve. 

UN-So'CIAL (-so'shal), a. Not agreeable in socie- 
ty ;_not adapted to society. 

UN-SoLD', a. Not sold ; not transferred for a con- 
sideration. 



UN-SoL'DIER-LIKE, 
UN-SoL'DIER-LY, 



(-sol'jer-), 



l. Unbecom- 
ing a soldier. 

UN-SO-LIC'IT-ED, a.' Not asked or requested. 

UN-S6L'ID, a. Not solid ; not firm or well sup- 
norted ; not substantial. 

UN-SO-PHIST'I-€a-TED, a. Not adulterated; 
not counterfeit ; pure. 

UN-SOUGHT' (un-sawf), a. Not searched for; 
had without searching, as unsought honors. 

UN-SOUND', a. Not sound ; defective ; not solid ; 
not orthodox ; not true ; sophistical. 

UN-SOUND'NESS, n. Defectiveness of any kind, 
as unsoundness of health, of opinions, &c. ; in- 
firmity; weakness. 

UN-SPA R'ING, a. Not sparing ; liberal ; not mer- 
ciful or forgiving. 

UN-SPeAK'A-BLE, a. That can not be expressed, 
as unspeakable grief. — Syn. Inexpressible; unut- 
terable; ineffable. 

UN-SPeAK'A-BLY, ad. In a manner or degree 
not to be expressed. 

UN-SPeNT', a. Not spent; not exhausted. 

UN-SPlR'IT-u-AL, a. Not spiritual ; carnal. 

UN-SPqT'TED, a. Not spotted ; not stained ; pure. 

UN-ST a'BLE, a. Not firm ; not stable ; fickle ; in- 
constant. 

UN-STa'BLE-NESS, n. Want of stability ; unfix- 
edness. 

UN-STaID', a. Not steady; mutable; fickle; not 
settled in judgment; volatile. 

UN-STaID'NESS, n. Unfixed or volatile disposi- 
tion ; jmutability ; fickleness. 

UN-STaTE', v. t. To deprive of state or dignity. 

UN-STeAD'FAST (-sted'fast), a. Not fixed or 
firm ; irresolute ; not adhering to a purpose. 

UN-ST£AD'I-LY (-sted'de-ly), ad. Inconstantly; 
with fickleness or variation ; not in the same man- 
ner at different times. 

UN-ST£AD'I-NESS (-sted'de-ness), n. Want of 
firmness ; irresolution. 

UN-STE AD'Y (-sted'dy), a. Not steady ; not con- 
stant; mutable; changeable. 

UN-STlNT'ED, a. Not stinted ; not limited. 

UN-SToP', v. t. To take a stopple out from ; to 
free from any obstruction ; to open. 

UN-STRING', v. t. To relax tension; to loose or 
untie ; to deprive of strings ; to take from a 
string. 

UN-STuD'IED (-stud'id), a. Not studied or pre- 
meditated^ not labored ; easy ; natural. 

UN-SUB-DujSD' (-sub-dude'), a. Not conquered ; 
not brought into subjection. 

UN-SUB-MiS'SiVE, a. Not submissive ; disobedi- 
ent. 



UN-SUB-STaN'TIAL, a. Not substantial ; not 
real ; not having substance. 

UN-SU€-CeSS'FUL, a. Not meeting with suc- 
cess ; not producing the desired event ; not fortu- 
nate. 

UN-SU€-CeS'SiVE, a. Not proceeding by a flux 
of parts or by regular succession. • 

UN-SOIT'A-BLE, a. Wanting adaptation ; unbe- 
coming; improper. 

UN-SuIT'A-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of un- 
fitness; incongruity; impropriety. 

UN-SuL'LIED (-sul'lid), a. Not stained; not tar- 
nished ; not disgraced ; free from imputation of 
evil. 

UN-SuNG', a. Not sung ; not recited in song ; not 
celebrated in verse. 

UN-SUP-PLLED' (-sup-plide'), a. Not supplied 
or furnished with things necessary. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. Not to be supported. 

UN-SUP- PoRT'ED, a. Unsustained ; not main- 
tained; not countenanced ; uot assisted. 

UN-SuRE', a. Not sure or certain ; not fixed. 

UN-SUR-PASSJED' (-past'), a. Not exceeded. 

UN-SUS-CEP'TI-BLE, a. Not susceptible;' not 
capable of admitting or receiving. 

UN-SUS-Pe€T'ED, a. Not suspected. 

UN-SUS-PeGT'ING, a. Not suspecting; not im- 
agining that any ill is designed ; free from sus- 
picion. 

UN-SUS-Pl"CIOUS (-pish'us), a. Not having sus- 
picion ; not indulging the imagination of evil in 
othersj not to be suspected. 

UN-SWaYjED' (un-swade') ; a. Not swayed; not 
biasedj not controlled or influenced. 

UN-SWePT', a. Not swept; not cleaned with a 
broom. 

UN-SWoRN', a. Not sworn ; not bound by oath ; 
not having taken an oath. 

UN-SYS-TEM-aT'I€, a. Wanting system; not 
having regular order, distribution, or arrange- 
ment of parts. 

UN-TaINT'ED, a. Not tainted; sweet; pure; un- 
blemished. 

UN-TaM'A-BLE, a. That can not be tamed ; that 
can not be reclaimed from a wild state. 

UN-TIM£D' (-tamed'), a. Not domesticated or 
tamed ; not made familiar with man. 

UN-TaN g 'GLE, v. 4. To loose from intricacy. 

UN-TaST'ED, a. Not tasted; not enjoyed. 

UN-TAUGHT' (un-tawf), a. Not learned or in- 
structed. 

UN-TeACH' v. t. Ipret. and pp. Untaught.] To 
cause to forget what has been taught. 

UN-TeACH'A-BLE, a. That can not be instruct- 
ed. 

UN-TeN'A-BLE, a. Not capable of defense ; that 
can not be maintained or supported. 

UN-TeN'ANT-A-BLE, a. Not fit to be inhabited. 

UN-TeN'DER, a. Wanting tenderness or pity. 

UN-TENT', v. t. To drive from a tent. 

UN-THaNKjEJD' (-thankf), a. Not repaid by 
thanks; not received with thankfulness. 

UN-THaNK'FUL, a. Not grateful; not making 
acknowledgments for good received. 

UN-THaNK'FUL-NESS, n. Neglect or acknowl- 
edgment for good received ; ingratitude. 

UN-THINK'ING, a. Thoughtless; heedless; in- 
considerate, as unthinking youth. 

UN-THOUGHT'FUL (un-thawfful), a. Lacking 
consideration ; thoughtless. 

UN-THReAD' (-thred'), v. t. To draw out a 
thread from ; to loose. 

ON'THRIFT, n. Want of thrift ; a prodigal ; one 
who wastes his estate by extravagance. 

UN-THRiFT'I-LY, ad. Without frugality or 
thrift. 

UN-THRiFT'I-NESS, n. Want of frugality or 
thrift; prodigality; profusion. 

UN-THRIFT'Y, a. Wanting thrift ; prodigal ; 
not thriving; not gaining property. 



A, E, &C, Ivil'j 



E, &.C., short. CAKE, FAIi, LAST, FALL, WHAT; THERE, TEEM J MARINE, MED ; MOVE, 



UNT 



495 



UP 



UN-THRoNE', v. t. To remove from a throne or 
from supreme power; to dethrone. 

UN-TI'DI-NESS, n. Want of neatness. 

UN-TI'DY, a. Not tidy, not neat and snug. 

UN-TIE' (-tD, v. t. To loose, as a knot; to un- 
bind : to separate something attached. 

UN- TIL', prep. To the time that; to the point or 
place of; to the degree that; ad. to the time or 
degree that. [ble. 

UN-TlME'LY, a. Being out of time; unseasona- 

UN-TIR'ING, a. Not becoming tired; indefat- 
igable. 

UN-Ti'TLED (-ti'tld), a. Having no title, as an 
untitled tyrant. 

ON'Tci, prep. To. 

UN-T5LD', a. Not told ; not related or revealed. 

UN-ToMB' (un-toom'), v. t. To disinter; to take 
from the grave. 

UN-TOUCHED' (-tiichf), a. Not touched or hit ; 
not moved ; not affected. 

UN-To'WARD, a. Not easily guided or taught; 
fro ward; cross; awkward; unmanageable; per- 
verse; ungraceful. 

UN-To'WAKD-LY, ad. In a perverse, wayward 
manner. 

UN-To'WaRD-NESS (-to'ard-ness), n. The state 
or quality of perverseness ; frowardness. 

UN-TRACE' A-BLE, a. That can not be traced or 
followed. 

UN-TRx\€T'A-BLE, a. Not docile or governable; 
not yielding to discipline ; stubborn. 

UN-TRA€T'A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of docility or 
submission ; refractoriness. 

UN-TRaINED' (-trand'), a. Not trained; not in- 
structed ; not disciplined ; irregular. 

UN-TRANS-FER'A-BLE, a. That can not be 
transferred or passed from one to another. 

UN-TRANS-LAT'A-BLE, a. Not to be translated. 

UN-TRAVELED (-trav'eld), a. Not trodden ; not 
having traveled ; never having seen foreign coun- 
tries. 

UN-TReAD' (-tred'), v. t. To tread back ; to go 
back in the same steps. 

UN-TRlED' (-trlde'), a. Not tried or attempted ; 
not yet experienced, as untried sufferings. 

UN-TR6D', \a. Not having been trodden or 

UN-TRoD'DEN.f passed over. 

UN-TROOB'LED (un-trub'bld), a. Not disturbed ; 
not confused ; not agitated. . [stant. 

UN-TRuE', a. Not true ; false ; unfaithful ; incon- 

UN-TRu'LY, ad. Not truly; falsely; deceitfully; 
not according to reality. 

UN-TROTH', n. A falsehood; want of veracity; 
false assertion ; contrariety to truth ; a lie, which 
see. 

UN-TuN'A-BLE (28), a. Not harmonious; un- 
musical; not capable of making music. 

UX-TuNE', v. t. To put out of tune; to disorder. 

UN-Tu'TORED (-tu'tord), a. Uninstructed ; un- 
disciplined ; untaught, as untutored infancy. 

UN-TWINE', v. t. To untwist ; to open ; to disen- 
tangle. 

UN-TWIST', v. t. To separate or turn back what 
is twisted. 

UN-u$£D' (-yiizd), a. Not used ; not accustomed ; 
not employed ; not put to use. 

UN-uSE'FUL, a. Serving no good purpose. 

UN-u'*u-AL, a. Not common ; rare ; infrequent. 

UN-u'Su-AL-LY, ad. Not commonly. 

UN-u'Su-AL-NESS, n. Rareness of occurrence; 
infrequency. 

UN-OT'TER-A-BLE, a. That can not be uttered ; 
ineffable. 

UN-VaIL', v. t. To throw off a vail ; to uncover. 

UN-VAL'OED (-val'yude), a. Not valued; not 
prized ; inestimable ; not estimated. 

UN-VAN'QUISH- A-BLE, a. Not to be conquered. 

UN-Va'RI-A-BLE, a. Invariable ; not alterable. 

UN-Va'RIED (-vii'rid), a. Not diversified or va- 
ried. 



UN-VaR'NISHED (-viir'nisht), a. Not varnish- 
ed ; not adorned ; not artfully embellished. 

UN-Va'RY-ING, a. Not varying; not changing. 

UN-VEIL' (-vale'). See Unvaid. 

UN-VoTE', v. t. To annul a former vote. 

UN-WA'RI-LY, ad. Without due caution ; heed- 
lessly. 

UN-WA'RI-NESS, n. Want of due caution or vig- 
ilance; carelessness; heedlessness. 

UN-WAR'LIKE, a. Not martial ; not fit for war. 

UN-WARNED' (-wiirnd'), a. Not admonished; 
not cautioned. 

UN-WARP', v. t. To reduce back what is warped. 

UN-WAR'RANT- A-BLE, a. Not justifiable. 

UN-WAR'RANT-ED (un-wor'rent-ed), a. Not au- 
thorized; illegal. 

UN-WA'RY, a. Not vigilant; not cautious. 

UN-WeA'RIED (-we'rid), a. Not sinking or tir- 
ing under fatigue ; unfatigued ; indefatigable. 

UN-WeA'RIED-LY, ad. Without fatigue. 

UN-WeA'RY (-we'ry), v. t. To refresh after wea- 
riness. 

UN-WeL'€OME, a. Not welcome; not grateful; 
not well received. 

UN-WELL', a. Not in good health; disordered. 

UN-WEPT', a. Not lamented ; not mourned. 

UN-WeT', a. Not wet ; dry. 

UN-WHuLE'SdME (-hole'sum), a. Not whole- 
some or healthy ; insalubrious; pernicious. 

UN-WIELD'I-LY (-weeld'e-ly), ad. In a heavy, 
unwieldy manner ; unmanageably. 

UN-WIeLDT-NESS, n. Difficulty of being mov- 
ed ; heaviness. 

UN-WIeLD'Y (-weeld'y), a. Heavy ; moved with 
difficulty. 

UN-WILL'ING, a. Not willing; reluctant, as an 
unicilling servant; loth; disinclined. 

UN-WILLTNG-LY, ad. With reluctance. 

UN-WiLL'ING-NESS, n. A state of reluctance ; 
backwardness. 

UN-WiND', v. t. tpret. and pp. Unwound.] To 
wind off; to untwist; to separate what is wound ; 
v. i. to admit evolution. 

UN-Wi$E', a. Lacking wisdom ; indiscreet; im- 
prudent; not dictated by wisdom; not adapted 
to the end. 

UN-WI$E'LY, ad. With imprudence ; injudi- 
ciously. 

UN-WIT'NESSED (-wit'nest), a. Not witnessed ; 
not attested by witnesses ; wanting testimony. 

UN-WIT'TING-LY, ad. Without knowledge or 
consciousness. 

UN-WIT'TY, a. Destitute of wit. 

UN-WoM'AN-LY, a. Unbecoming a woman. 

UN-WONT' (-wiinf), a. Not accustomed : unused. 

UN-WONT'ED (-wunt'ed), a. Not familiar; un- 
common; infrequent; rare, as unwonted changes. 

UN-WoNT'ED-NESS (-wiint'ed-ness), n. Want of 
familiarity ; rareness. 

UN-WoRN', a. Not worn ; not impaired. 

UN-WOR'THI-LY (-wiir'*he-ly), ad. Not accord- 
ing to desert; without due regard to merit, as to 
treat a man unworthily. 

UN-WoR'T HI-NESS, n. Want of worth or merit. 

UN-WoR'THY (-wiirthy), a. Not deserving, with 
of; wanting merit ; worthless ; not suitable ; un- 
becoming. 

UN-WOUND', a. Wound off; untwisted. 

UN-WRAP' (-rapO, v. t. To open what is wrapped. 

UN-WReATHE', v. t. To untwist or untwine. 

UN-WRiT'TEN (-rlt'tn), a. Not written; oral; 
verbal; blank; containing no writing. 

UN-WROUGHT' (un-rawf), a. Not wrought or 
manufactured. 

UN-WRONG', a. Not wrung or pinched. 

UN-YIeLD'ING, a. Not pliant; stubborn. 

UN-YoKE', v. t. To loose from a yoke. 

UN-ZoNED' (-zdnd'), a. Not bound with a girdle. 

OP, ad. Aloft; out of bed ; above the horizon. 

OP, prep. From a lower to a higher place. 



DOVE, WOLF, LOOIL ; KLLL\ Di:U. ; VI ClOUS. — € US K ; G US J 



tui ; this. * 2\ot Etvjash. 



UFA 



496 



USE 



u'PAS, n. An East Indian tree whose secretions 
are poisonous. 

UP-BEAR', v. t. ipret. Upbore : pp. Upborne.] To 
raise aloft ; to lift ; to sustain. 

UP-BRaID', v. t. To charge with something wrong 
or disgraceful ; to reprove with severity. — Syjss 
To reproach ; blame ; censure ; condemn. 

UP-BRaID'ER, n. One who reproaches. 

UP-BRaID'ING, n. A charging with something 
wrong or disgraceful ; the reproaches or accusa- 
tions of conscience. 

UP-BRAlD'ING-LY,flc7. With reproach. 

uP'CAST, a. Thrown upward ; cast up n. a throw 
or cast at bowls. 

UP-IIeAV'AL, n. A lifting up from beneath. 

UP-HkAYE' (-heev'), v. t. To heave up from be- 
neath. 

uP'IULL, a. Difficult, like the act of ascending a 
hill; laborious, as tiphill work. 

UP-HoLD', v. t. ipret. and pp. Upheld.] To lift 
on high; to keep from falling or slipping; to sup- 
port in any state; to maintain. 

UP-HoLD'ER, n. One who sustains; a support- 
er ; an undertaker ; one who provides for funer- 
als. [&c. 

UP-HoL'STER-ER, n. One who supplies beds, 

UP-HoL'STER-Y, n. Furniture, &c, furnished 
by upholsterers. 

uP'LAND, n. High land, as opposed to intervals, 
meadow, marsh, and swamp. 

uP'LAND, a. Higher; pertaining to high lands. 

UP-L1FT', v. t. To raise aloft; to elevate, as to 
uplift the arm. 

UP-ON ', prep. Resting on ; near to ; in. 

CP'PER, a., comp. from Up. Higher in place; 
superior. 

uP'PER-MOST, a. Highest in place or rank. 

UP-RaISE' (-raze'), v. t. To raise or exalt; to lift 

UP-ReAR', v. t. To rear up; to raise. [up. 

CP'RIGHT (up 'rite), a. Perpendicular to the plane 
of the horizon; erect; adhering to justice and 
truth ; just ; honest. 

OP'RIGHT (-rite), n. Something erect; an eleva- 
tion. 

fjP'RIGHT-LY, ad. With honesty and integrity. 

UP'RIGHT-NESS, n. Perpendicularity of erec- 
tion ; integrity in principle or practice ; honesty ; 
probity. 

UP-RiSE', v. i. [pret. Uprose; pp. Uprisen.] To 
rise from a bed or seat; to ascend; to mount up- 
ward. 

uP'RoAR, n. Great noise and tumult ; clamor. 

UP-ROOT', v. t. To tear up by the roots; to ex- 
tirpate. 

UP-ROUSE' (-rouz'), v. t. To rouse from sleep; 
to awake. 

CP'SET, n. An overthrow; an overturn, as of a 
carriage. 

UP-SeT', v. t. To overturn, as a carriage. 

UP'SHOT, n. Final issue; conclusion; event, as 
the upshot of the matter. 

UP-SiDE-DOWN', ad. The upper part undermost. 

UP-SPRING', v. i. To spring up. 

UP-STAND', v. i. To stand erect. 

UP-STaRT', v. i. To spring up suddenly. 

CP'STXRT, n. One who suddenly rises to wealth, 
power, or honor. 

UP-TORN', v. t. To turn up ; to furrow, as to up- 
turn the ground in furrowing. 

uP'WARD, a. Directed higher; ascending. 

uP'WARD, ad. Toward a higher place. 

UP- W!ND', v. t. To wind up. 

u-Ra'NI-UM, n. A metal of a reddish-brown col- 
or, having a metallic luster. [ens. 

u-RAN-oG^A-PHY, n. A description of the heav- 

U-RAN-oL'O-uY, n. A discourse or treatise on 
the heavens. 

u'RA-NUS, n. The planet formerly called Her- 
schej. 

UR-BaNE', a. Courteous in manners ; polite. 



UR-BAN'I-TY, n. Polished manners. — Syn. Po- 
liteness; suavity; courtesy; affability. 

GR'CHIN, n. A name given to the hedgehog ; a 

_ name given to a child. 

u-Re'TER, n. The urinary tube. 

u-Re'TPIRA, n. The canal by which the urine is 

_ conducted from the bladder and discharged. 

u-Re'TPIRAL, a. Relating to the urethra. 

0R6E, v. t. To apply force in almost any manner; 
to press with eagerness ; to provoke. — Syn. To in- 
cite"; impel; solicit; importune; instigate; stim- 
ulate. 

uR'gEN-CY, n. A pressure of necessity ; importu- 
nity; earnest solicitation. 

OR'gENT, a. Pressing with importunity ; difficult ; 
earnest. 

u_R'gENT-LY,«cZ. With earnestness; vehemently. 

u'RIM. See Thummim. 

u'RIN-AL, n. A vessel for urine. 

u'RIN-A-RY, a. Pertaining to urine. 

u'RIN-aTE, v. i. To discharge urine. 

u'RIN-A-TiVE, a. Provoking urine. 

u'RIN-A-TOR, n. A diver; one who plunges and 
sinks in water in search of something, as for 

_ pearls. 

u'RINE (yu'rin), n. A fluid secreted by the kid- 
neys. 

u'RIN-OUS, a. Partaking of or like urine. 

URN, n. A vessel of a roundish form, largest in 
the middle ; a kind of vase for water or ashes of 
the dead. 

u-RoS'€0-PY, n. The judgment of diseases by 
the inspection of urine. 

uR'SA, n. The bear, a constellation. 

uR'SI-FORM, a. Like a bear in shape. 

OR'SiNE, a. Pertaining to bears. 

CR'SU-LiNE, a. Denoting an order of nuns who 
observe the rule of St. Ursula. 

US, pron. Objective case of We. 

u'SA-BLE, a. That may be used. 

u'SA6E (yu'zaje), n. Established use or practice, 

as the usages of society; treatment of others 

Syn. Custom. — Custom is the frequent repetition 
of the same act either by one or many ; usage be- 
longs to the great body of a people, and implies 
a use or practice which is so fully established as 
to have decisive authority. Hence we speak of 

_ usage (not custom) as the law of language. 

u'SANCE (yu'zance), n. Use or proper employ- 
ment; interest of money; time given for pay- 

_ ment of bills of exchange. 

USE (yiice), n. Act of handling or employing; 
employment; utility; practice; custom; inter- 

_ est. 

USE (yuze), v. t. To apply to some valuable serv- 
ice; to consume; to render familiar. — Syn. To 
employ. — We use a thing when we derive from it 
some enjoyment or service; we employ it when 
we turn that service into a particular channel. 
We use words to express our general meaning ; 
we employ certain technical terms in reference to 

_ a given subject. 

uSE'FUL (yuce'-), a. Producing or having power 

_ to produce good ; profitable; serviceable. 

uSE'FUL-LY, ad. With profit or advantage. 

USE'FUL-NESS, n. Conduciveness to some end, 
properly to a valuable end ; profitableness ; util- 

_ ity, which see. 

uSE'LESS, a. Having no use; unserviceable; an- 
swering no valuable purpose or not the end pro- 
posed. — Syn. Fruitless; ineffectual. — We speak 
of an attempt, &c, as useless when there are in it 
inherent difficulties which forbid the hope of suc- 
cess ; us fruitless when it fails, not from any such 
difficulties, but from some unexpected hindrance 
or calamity arising to frustrate it. It is useless 
to attempt any thing without adequate means; 
and even when we do possess them, our efforts 
are often fruitless. Ineffectual n ear 1 y resem bl es 
fruitless, but implies a failure of a less hopeless 



B, &c. 



-A, £, &C, Short. — CARE, EAR, LAST, FALL, WHAT; THERE, TERM; MARINE, BiRD ; MOVE, 



USE 



497 



VAI 



character, as, "After several ineffectual efforts, 
I at last succeeded." 

uSE'LESS-LY, ad. Without profit or advantage. 

uSE'LESS-NESS, n. Unserviceableness ; unfitness 
for any valuable purpose. 

fj'SER (y.Yzer), n. One who uses or employs. 

OSH'ER, n. An under-teacher or assistant to the 
preceptor of a school ; an introducer. 

USH'ER, v. t. To introduce, as a forerunner or 
harbinger; to forerun. 

US'QUE-BAUGH, n. A compound distilled spirit. 

uS'TION (ust'yun), n. Act of burning ; state of 
being burned. 

0'$U-AL (yu'zhu-al), a. Such as occurs in ordina- 
ry practice; customary; frequent; common. 

u'$U-AL-LY (yii'zhu-al-ly), ad. According to cus- 

_ torn ; commonly. 

u-SU-€AP'TION (yu-su-kap'shun), n. In the civ- 
il law, acquisition of a title or right to property 
by undisputed possession for a certain time. 

u'SU-FRUCT, n. Temporary use and enjoyment 

_ of lands or tenements. 

u-SU-FRu€T'u-A-RY (yii-su-friikt'yu-a-ry), n. 
One who has temporary use. 

u'$u-RER (yii'zhu-rer), n. Formerly, a person 
who lent money and took interest for it ' in pres- 
ent usage, one who lends money at a rate of in- 
terest beyond that established by law. 

U-Su'RI-OUS (yu-zri're-us), a. Partaking of usu- 
ry; practicing usury. 

U-SfjRP' (yu-zurp'), v. t. To seize and hold pos- 
session by wrong, as to usurp a throne. 

tj-SUR-Pa'TION, n. Illegal seizure and posses- 
sion. 

U-$uRP'ER (yu-ziirp'er), n. One who seizes or 
' occupies the property of another without right. 

U-$uRP'ING-LY, ad. By usurpation ; without 
just right or claim. 

u'$u-RY (yii'zhu-ry), n. Illegal interest. 

u-TeN'SIL, n. An instrument or vessel used in 

_ the business of life. 

u'TER-IXE, a. Pertaining to the womb. Uterine 
brother or sister is one born of the same mother 
_by a different father. 

*u'TI-LE,_n. [L.] Something useful. 

u-TIL-1-Ta'RI-AN, a. Consisting in or pertain- 
ing to utility; n. one who considers utility the 
end or purpose of moral virtue. 

U-TIL-I-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrine that 

_ utility is the end of life and morals. 

U-TIL'I-TY, n. Production of good ; profitable- 
ness to some valuable end. — Syn. Usefulness. — 
Usefulness is Saxon, and utility is Latin ; and 
hence the former is used chiefly of things in the 
concrete, while the latter is employed more in a 
general and abstract sense. Thus we speak of 
the utility of an invention, and the usefulness of 
the thing invented ; of the utility of an institu- 
tion, and the usefulness of an individual. So 
" beauty and utility" (not usefulness) are brought 
into comparison. Still, the words are, in many 
case_s, used interchangeably. 

CT'MoST, a. Being extreme; greatest; highest; 
n. the most that can be. 

u-To'PI-A, n. A term invented by Sir Thomas 
More, from the Greek outopos, no place, and ap- 
plied to an imaginary isle which he represents as 
enjoying the greatest perfection in politics, laws, 
&c. ; hence, ideal ; chimerical. 

u-To'PI-AN, a. Ideal ; chimerical ; fanciful. 

fj'TRI-€LE (yu'tre-kl), n. A little bag or bladder ; 
a cell. 

UT'TER, a. On the outside or remote from the 
center; extreme; excessive; complete; entire. 

uT'TER, v. t. To express in language ; to speak; 
to publish abroad ; to put in circulation. 

uT'TER-A-BLE, a. That may be expressed. 

uT'TER- ANCE, n. The act of uttering words; 
pronunciation ; expression. [forth. 

fjT'TER-ER, n. One who pronounces or sends 



CT'TER-LY, ad. To the full extent ; totally ; com- 
pletely. 

OT'TER-MoST, a. Most remote; being in the 
furthest, greatest, or highest degree. 

OT'TER-MoST, n. The greatest degree. To the 

_ uttermost, in the most extensive degree. 

u'VE-OUS, a. Resembling a grape. 

u'VU-LA, n. [L.] A soft round, spongy body, 
suspended from the palate over the glottis. 

UX-o'RI-OUS, a. Submissively fond of a wife. 

UX-o'RI-OUS-LY, ad. With silly fondness for a 
wife. 

UX-o'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Connubial dotage; fool- 
ish fondness for a wife. 



T7" is nearly allied to F, being formed by the same 
» organs ; but Fis vocal, and .Fis aspirate, and 
this is the principal difference between them. V 
has one sound only, as in vote. As a numeral, 
V stands for 5. 

Va'CAN-CY, n. An empty space ; a chasm ; des- 
titution of an incumbent ; leisure. 

VA'CANT, a. Not filled up; unoccupied, as va- 
cant moments; devoid of thought, as a vacant 
mind, a vacant stare. — Svn. Empty. — A thing is 
empty when there is nothing in it, as an empty 
room or an empty noddle ; vacant adds the idea 
of a thing's having been previously filled or in- 
tended to be filled or occupied, as a vacant seat 
at the table ; a vacant space between houses, va- 
cant hours, &c. When we speak of a vacant look 
or a vacant mind, we imply that the thought nat- 
urally to be expected has vacated its proper place 
or office. [study. 

VA-Ca'TION, n. Intermission of business or 

VACCIN-aTE (vak 'sin-ate), v. t. To inoculate 
with cow-pox. 

VA€-CIN-a'TION (vak-sin-a'shun), n. Act of in- 
oculating with cow-pox. 

VACCINE or VACCINE, a. Pertaining to or de- 
rived from cows. 

VAC'IL-LAN-CY, n. A state of wavering. 

VAC'IL-LaTE (vas'-), v. i. To move one way and 
another; to waver; to reel; to Jlucttiate, .which 
see. [steady. 

VAC'IL-La-TING, a. Inclined to fluctuate; un- 

VAC-IL-La'TION, n. A moving to and fro un- 
steadily ; a staggering or fluctuation. 

VA-Cu'I-TY, n. Emptiness; space void of matter. 

VaCu-OUS, a. Empty; void; unfilled. 

VACu-UM, n. A space empty of all matter. 

+Va-DE-Me'GUM, n. [Z,.] Literally, go with me 
— applied to a book, &c, which a person carries 
with him as a constant companion. 

VAG'A-BOND, n. One who wanders from place to 
place, having no certain dwelling ; a. moving 
from place to place, without any settled habita- 
tion. 

VAG'A-BOND-I$M, n. State of idle wandering. 

VAG'A-BOND-RY, n. A_state of wandering. 

VA-Ga'RY, n. ; pi. Va-ga'eies. A wild freak ; a 
whim ; a wandering of the thoughts ; whimsical 
purpose. 

VA-gi'NAL or VAg'I-NAL (vaj'-), a. Pertaining 
to a sheath. 

Va'GRAN-CY, n. ' A state of wandering without 
any settled home. 

Va'GRANT, a. Wandering from place to place ; 
moving without any certain direction. 

Va'GRANT, n. An idle wanderer; a vagabond. 

Va'GRANT-LY, ad. In a wandering manner. 

VaGUE, a. Proceeding from no known authori- 
ty; undetermined; loose; unsettled; indefinite. 

VaIL (vale), n. A covering to conceal ; a piece of 
thin cloth or stuff, used by females to hide their 
faces ; a mask. 



dove, wolf, book ; EULE, BULL ; vr'cious. — o as k ; d as j ; s as z ; en as sn ; this. + Not Englis 

I i 



VAI 



498 



VAP 



VaTL, v. t. To cover, as the face; to conceal; to 
mask. 

VaIN, a. Having no subsistence, value, or im- 
portance, as a vain distinction ; without effect, as 
a vain attempt; elated by little things or by ap- 
plause; not satisfying. — Syn. Empty. 

VaIN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. Vain to excess. 

VaIN-GLo'RY, n. Empty pride; vanity. 

VaIN'LY, ad. Without effect; with empty pride. 

VAlN'NESS, n. The state of being vain ; ineffect- 
ualness. 

VaL'ANCE, n. Fringes of drapery round a bed; 
v. t. to adorn with valance. 

VaLE, n. A low ground between hills; a valley. 

VAL-E-DrC'TION, n. A bidding farewell ; a fare- 
well. 

VAL-E-DI€-T<3'RI-AN, n. The student of a col- 
lege who pronounces the valedictory oration on 
co m mencemen t-day. 

VAL-E-DrC'TO-RY, a. Bidding farewell; n. a 
farewell address or oration, spoken at commence- 
ments in American colleges. 

VAL'EN-TiNE, n. A sweetheart chosen or a let- 
ter sent by one young person to another on Val- 
entine's day. 

VaL'EN-TiNE'S DaY, n. A day sacred to St. 
Valentine, the 14th of February. 

VaL'ET (val'et or val-la'), n. A servant who at- 
tends on a gentleman's person. 

*VAL'ET DE cIIaM'BRE (val'la de sham'br). 
[F;\] A footman. 

VAL-E-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN, a. Being sickly or in- 
firm ; seeking health ; n. a person of an infirm, 
sickly constitution, or in a weak state. 

VaL'IANT (vaTyant), a. Vigorous in body; in- 
trepid in danger; performed with valor. — Syn. 
Stout ; bold ; brave ; courageous. 

VAL'IANT-LY, ad. With personal strength ; 
bravely; boldly; heroically. 

VALID, a. Having strength; founded in truth ; 
executed with the proper formalities; good in 
law. — Syn. Sound ; firm ; efficacious ; just; 
weightv; sufficient. 

VA-LlD'I-TY, \ n. Legal force; state of being 

VaL'ID-NESS,) valid; strength to convince. — 
Syn. Justness; firmness; sufficieney ; weight; 
certainty; soundness. 

VaLTD-LY, ad. With legal strength or force. 

VA-L'i'SE' (-leece'), n. A leather sack or case for 
clothing. 

VAL-La'TION, n. A rampart for defense. 

VAL'LEY, n. ; pi. Val'leys. A low place between 
hills ; a low, extended plain washed by a river ; 
the internal angle formed by two sides of an in- 
clined roof. — Syn. Vale; dale; dell; dingle; hol- 
low. 

+VaL'LUM, n. [L.] A wall or a trench for de- 
fense. 

VaL'OR, n. Strength of mind in regard to dan- 
ger, or that quality which enables a man firmly 
to encounter it. — Syn. Bravery ; courage ; prow- 
ess ; boldness; fearlessness; heroism, which see. 

VAL'OR-OUS, a. Evincing bravery or courage. 

VaL'OR-OUS-LY, ad. With bravery; heroically. 

VaL'u-A-BLE (viU'yu-a-bl), a. Having value or 
worth ; deserving esteem. — Syn. Costly ; pre- 
cious ;_estimable; worthy. 

VAL-u-a'TION, n. Act of assessing the value ; ap- 
praisement; value set upon a thing. 

VAL'u-a-TOR, n. One who values; an appraiser. 

VAL'OE, n. That in a thing which makes it use- 
ful or estimable; the rate of worth or amount of 
price of a commodity ; high rate of estimation ; 
efficacy in producing effects ; precise signification. 
— Syn. Worth ; price ; rate ; importance ; import. 

VaL'uE, v. t. To estimate the worth ; to rate at a 
high price ; to hold in respect ; to take account 
of; to reckon and estimate; to consider with re- 
spect to importance. — Syn. To compute; rate; 
esteem; regard; respect; prize. 



VAL'uE-LESS, a. Being of no worth. 

VaLV'ATE, a. Having or resembling a valve. 

VALVE, n. A folding door; a lid or cover, so 
formed as to open a communication in one direc- 
tion and close it in another; one of the pieces or 
divisions in certain shells. 

VaLV'u-LAR, a. Containing valves. 

VaMP, n. The upper leather of a boot or shoe. 

VAMP, v. t. To mend; to piece an old thing. 

VAMP'ER, n. One who pieces an old thing with 
something new. 

VAM'PIRE, n. A species of large bat ; in mythol- 
ogy, an imaginary demon supposed to suck blood. 

VAM'PiR-ISM, n. The actions of a vampire ; the 
practice of blood-sucking ; figuratively used for 
extortion. 

VAN, n. Front of an army; a fan for winnowing 
grain ; a wing with which the air is beaten, as 
the sail of a wind-mill, &c. ; a large covered wag- 
on for carrying goods, &c. 

VAN-CoU'RI-ERig (-koo're-erz), n. In armies, 
light-armed soldiers sent before to beat the road 
upon the approach of an enemy ; precursors. 

VaN'DAL, n. The name of one of the most bar- 
barous of the northern nations of Europe, noted 
for destroying all monuments of literature and 
arts ; hence, one of great ignorance, ferocity, and 
barbarism. 

VAN-DAL'IC, a. Pertaining to the Vandals. — 
Syn. Ferocious; rude; barbarous. 

VaN'DAL-ISM, n. Ferocious cruelty and indis- 
criminate destruction of lives and property; hos- 
tility to the arts and literature. 

VAN-DvKE', n. A small round handkerchief for 
the neck, worn by females. 

VaNE, n. A plate or slip of metal, &c, that turns 
and shows the direction of the wind. 

VAN'GUaRD, n. The troops in front of an army ; 
the first line. 

VA-NIL'LA, n. A tree with its fruit, remarkable 
for its fragrance, used in confectionery, &c. 

VAN'ISH, v. i. To pass from a visible to an in- 
visible state, or beyond the limits of vision ; to 
pass away; to be lost; to disappear. 

VAN'ISH, n. A sound that gradually becomes 
weaker till it ceases wholly. 

VaN'I-TY, n. Want of substance to satisfy de- 
sire ; fruitless desire or trifling ; labor void of 
use; unsubstantial enjoyment; empty elation 
arising from over-conceit. — Syn. Self-conceit; 
emptiness; ostentation; arrogance ; pride, which 

VAN'QUISH (vank'wish), n. A disease in sheep, 
in which they pine away. 

VaN'QUISH, v. t. To subdue in battle ; to defeat 
in any contest; to refute in argument. — Syn. To 
overcome; confute; silence; conquer, which see. 

VAN'QUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be conquered. 

VAN'QUISH-ER, n. One who conquers. 

VaN'TAgE, n. State in which one has better 
means of action or defense than another ; superi- 
ority, [place. 

VaN'TAgE-GROUND, n. Superiority of state or 

VaP'ID, a. Having lost its life and spirit; spirit- 
less; dead; unanimated. 

VA-PiD'I-TY, \ n. The state of having lost life or 

VaP'ID-NESS, j spirit; want of life or spirit. 

Va'POR, n. An invisible elastic fluid rendered 
aeriform by heat ; a visible fluid floating in the 
atmosphere or substance resembling smoke ; vain 
imagination ; unreal fancy ; in the plural, va- 
pors, a disease of nervous debility, in which 
strange images float in the brain as if real {some- 
thing unsubstantial or transitory. 

Va'POR, v. i. To pass off in fumes ; to evaporate 
or be exhaled ; to boast or vaunt ostentatiously; 
to bully. [able. 

VAP-OR-A-Bf L'1-TY, n. Quality of being vapor- 

VaP'O-RA-BLE, a. That may be converted into 
vapor by the agency of heat. 



X, e, &c, long. — a, 2, &c, short. — cake, far, last, fall,avhat ; 



TIIKRE, TEEM ; MARINE, liIRD ; MOVE, 



VAP 



499 



VEG 



VaP'O-RaTE, v. t. To emit vapor; to evaporate. 

VAP-O-Ra'TION, n. Act of converting into va- 
por or of nassing off in vapor. 

Va'POR-BaTH, n. A bath of vapor. 

"Va'POR-ER, n. One who makes a boasting dis- 
play ; a braggart. 

VAP-O-RiF'IC, a. Converting into vapor. 

Va'POR-ING-LY, ad. Like a boaster or swag- 
gerer. 

Va'POR-ISH, a. Full of vapors; affected by hys- 
terics or spleen. — Syn. Hypochondriac; splenetic; 
peevish ; humorsome. 

VAP-O-RI-Za'TION, n. Artificial formation of 
vapor. 

VaP'OR-IZE, v. t. or v. i. To convert into vapor 
by the application of heat or artificial means; to 
pass off in vapor. 

Va'POR-OUS,£ a. Full of vapors ; proceeding 

Va'POR-Y, J" from the vapors. — Syn. Flatu- 
lent; splenetic; spleeny; vain; windy. 

Va-RI-A-BiL'I-TY, \ n. Liableness or aptness to 

Va'RI-A-BLE-NESS, / change ; inconstancy ; un- 
steadiness; levity. 

Va'RI-A-BLE, a. Susceptible of change ; that 
may alter; liable to change. — Syn. Changeable; 
inconstant; mutable; fickle; unsteady. 

Va'RI-A-BLE, n. In mathematics, a quantity in 
a state of continual increase or decrease. 

Va'RI-A-BLY, ad. In a changeable manner; in- 
constantly. 

Va'RI-ANCE, n. Any alteration or change of con- 
dition ; difference that produces dispute, &c. ; 
disagreement ; dissension. At variance, in a 
state of difference, dissension, or controversy. 

Va'RI-ANT, a. Different; diverse. 

VA-RI-a'TION, n. A partial change in the form, 
position, state, or qualities of the same thing ; 
change from one to another ; in grammar, change 
of termination of nouns and adjectives, as ca.se, 
number, &c. ; in astronomy, the inequality of the 
moon's motion depending on its angular distance 
from the sun ; in geography and navigation, the 
deviation of the needle from the true north point ; 
in music, different manner of singing, &c. — Syn. 
Change; difference; turn; vicissitude; variety. 

VAR'I-CoSE, a. Preternaturally enlarged, ap- 
plied only_to veins. 

Va'RI-E-GaTE, v. t. To diversify externally; to 
mark with different colors. — Syn. To vary ; 
streak ; stripe ; checker ; dapple. 

VA-RI-E-Ga'TION, n. Act of diversifying; di- 
versity. 

VA-Ri'E-TY, n. A succession or intermixture of 
different things; many and of different kinds; 
change; difference. — Syn. Diversity. — A man has 
a variety of employments when he does many 
things which are not a mere repetition of the 
same act ; he has a diversity of employments 
when the several acts performed are wholly un- 
like each other, i. e., diverse. In most cases, 
where there is variety there will be more or less 
of diversity, but not always. One who sells rail- 
road tickets performs a great variety of acts in a 
day, while there is but little diversity in his em- 
ployment. 

Va'RI-O-LOID, n. A disease like the small-pox. 

VA-RI'O-LOUS, a. Pertaining to the small-pox; 
pitted, as in the small-pox. 

+Va-RI-o'RUM. [L.] A name given to books con- 
taining notes by different commentators. 

YI'RI-OUS, a. Unlike each other ; different ; 
changeable ; diverse ; unfixed. 

Va'RI-OUS-LY, ad. In different ways ; with 
change. 

VXR'LET, n. A servant ; a scoundrel or rascal. 

VXR'LET-RY, n. The crowd ; the rabble. 

VXR'NISH, n. A viscid glossy liquid ; an artifi- 
cial covering to give a fair apperarance to any act 
or conduct. 

VXR'NISH, v. t. To lay varnish on ; to give a fair 



external appearance or coloring to; to gloss or 
palliate. 

VXR'NISH-ER, n. One who lays on varnish ; one 
who disguises or palliates. 

Va'RY, v. t. To alter in form, appearance, posi- 
tion, &c. ; to diversify. 

Va'RY, v. i. To be altered in any manner ; to suf- 
fer a partial change ; to differ or be different. 

VAS'CU-LAR, a. Pertaining to the vessels of ani- 
mal or vegetable bodies; consisting of or full of 

VAS-CU-LaR'I-TY, n. State of being full of ves- 

VaSE, n. A vessel, or the representation of one in 
architecture ; a solid piece of ornamental mar- 
ble. [In England, the s in this word has gener- 
ally the sound of z; some pronounce it viiz or 
vaz, though Smart prefers viiz. In this country 
tlie s has usually its sharp sound, as in all simi- 
lar words, case, base, &c] 

VaS'SAL, n. One who holds land of a superior, 
and owes fealty to him ; a slave. 

VaS'SAL, v. t. To enslave; to subject to control. 

VAS'SAL-AgE, n. Slavery ; bondage ; political 
servitude; dependence; subjection. 

VAST (6), a. Being of wide extent ; great in bulk, 
in numbers, force, or importance. — Syn. Enor- 
mous ; huge ; immense ; mighty. 

VAST, n. An empty waste. 

VAS-Ta'TION, n. Act of laying waste. 

VaST'LY, ad. Greatly; to an immense degree. 

VaST'NESS, n. Immense extent or magnitude ; 
immense importance; immensity. 

VaST'Y, a. Being of great extent ; very spacious. 

VaT, n. A large vessel or cistern for holding liq- 
uors. 

VaT'1-CAN, n. The church of St. Peter's in 
Rome; also a palace of the Pope. 

VaT'I-CIDE, n. The murderer of a prophet. 

VA-TIC'I-NAL (-tis'e-nal), a. Containing proph- 
ecy. 

VA-TiC'I-N aTE, v. i. To prophesy ; to foretell ; 
to practice prediction. 

VA-TIC-I-Na'TION, n. Prediction; prophecy. 

+VAUDE'VIL (vode'vil), n. [Fr.] A species of 
light, satirical song; a short comic piece with 
such songs, for the theater. 

VAULT, n. A continued arch ; a cellar ; cavern ; 
place for the dead; leap of a horse, &c. 

VAULT, v. t. or v. i. To arch or cover over with a 
vault ; to leap ; to exhibit feats of leaping, tum- 
bling, &c. 

VAULT'ER, n. Aleaper; one that vaults. 

VXUNT (vtint), v. i. or v. t. To make a vain dis- 
play of one's worth or attainments; to boast of; 
to talk with vain ostentation. — Syn. To boast ; 
brag; glory. 

VXUNT, n. Vain boast; a vain display of what 
one is, or has, or has done. 

VXUNT'ER, n. A vain boaster ; a braggart. 

VXUNT'ING, n. Vainglorious boasting. — Syn. 
Vainglorv; ostentation; parade; boasting. 

VXUNT'ING-LY, ad. With vain ostentation. 

VeAL, n. The flesh of a calf killed for the table. 

VE'DA (vii'da), n. ; pi. Ve'das. The body of Hin- 
doo sacred writings. 

VE-DeTTE', n. A sentinel on horseback sta- 
tioned to watch an enemy. 

VEER, v. i. or v. t. To turn ; to change direction ; 
wear is the word now used in ships. 

VEER'ING, n. The act of changing direction. 

Veg'E-TA-BLE, n. A plant, especially such as 
are used for food of men or cattle, &c. ; an organ- 
ized body, destitute of sense and voluntary mo- 
tion. 

Veg'E-TA-BLE, a. Belonging to or consisting 
of plants ; having the nature of plants. 

Veg'E-TAL, a. Haviug power to cause growth. 

Veg'E-TaTE, v. i. To have growth without sen- 
sation, like a plant ; hence, merely to live, as to 
vegetate in the country. 



dove, wolf, book; bule, bull; vi"cious. — -c as K; g as j ; 5 as z; cu as eu; -mis. * Sot English. 



VEG 



500 



YEN 



VEg-E-Ta'TION, n. Growth, as of plants; vege- 
tables or plants in general. 

Veg'E-Ta-TiVE, a. Growing ; having the pow- 
er of growth. 

VE'IIE-MENCE, n. Great force, or force derived 
from velocity; violent ardor; animated fervor. — 
Syn. Passion ; heat ; impetuosity ; violence ; ea- 
gerness. 

VE'HE-MENT, a. Acting with great force or vio- 
lence ; very forcible. — Syn. Furious ; earnest ; ar- 
dent; eager. See Excessive. 

Ve'IIE-MENT-LY, ad. With violence ; furiously. 

Ve'HI-€LE, n. That in which any thing is or may 
be carried or taken ; a carriage. 

VE-Hi€'u-LAR, a. Pertaining to a vehicle. 

VEIL (vale), n. Something to intercept the view 
and hide an object; a thin covering for the face, 
&c. ; a disguise. — Syn. A mask ; cloak ; blind ; 
cover; curtain. See Vail. 

VEIL (vide), v. t. To cover with a vail ; to con- 
ceal. — Syn. To hide ; disguise ; mask ; blind ; 
cover. See Vail. 

VEIN (vane), n. A vessel which returns the blood 
to the heart from the arteries; a crack or fissure 
in a rock filled up with a seam of metal or other 
substance, intersecting, not parallel with the stra- 
ta ; a streak or wave of a different color in wood, 
marble, and other stones ; current ; turn of mind ; 
cast or disposition of genius. 

VEINED (vand), a. Full of veins; variegated; 
having vessels branching over the surface, as a 
leaf. [veins. 

VEIN'ING (va'ning), n. Work formed as if in 

VEIN'LESS (vane'less), a. Having no veins. 

VEIN'Y (vfi'ny), a. Full of veins, as veiny marble. 

VeL'LI-€aTE, v. i. To twitch or cause to twitch 
convulsively; to stimulate. 

VEL LI-€a'TION, n. Act of twitching ; convul- 
sive motion of a muscular fiber. 

VeL'LUM, n._ A species of fine parchment. 

VeL'LUM-PoST, n. A superior thick kind of 
writing paper. 

VE-L6C'I-PeDE (ve-los'-), n. [L.] A two-wheeled 
carriage for one person, who moves it by his feet. 

VE-L6CI-TY (ve-los'e-ty), n. A moving with 
great rapidity; in natural 'philosophy , that affec- 
tion of motion by which a body moves over a cer- 
tain space in a given time. 

VeL'VET, n. A silk stuff with a short, shaggy, 
and fine nap. 

VeL'VET, \ a. Made of velvet ; like velvet ; 

VeL'VET- Y,j soft; smooth. 

VEL-VET-EEN', n. Cloth in imitation of velvet. 

Ve'NAL, a. That may be bought or obtained for 
money; set to sale; purchased. — Syn. Mercenary. 
— One is mercenary who is either actually a hire- 
ling, as mercenary soldiers, a mercenary judge, 
&c, or is governed by a sordid love of gain; 
hence, we speak of mercenary motives, a merce- 
nary marriage, &c. Venal goes further, and sup- 
poses an actual purchase, which places a person 
or thing wholly in the power of the purchaser, as 
a venal press. Brissot played ingeniously on the 
latter word in his celebrated saying, " My pen is 
venal that it may not be mercenary" meaning 
that he wrote books and sold them to the pub- 
lishers in order to avoid the necessity of being 
the hireling of any political party. 

Ve'NAL, a. Pertaining to veins. 

VE-NAL'I-TY, n. The state of being influenced 
by money ; prostitution of talents, offices, &c, 
for reward or money. 

VeN'A-RY, a. Relating to hunting. 

VEND, v. t. To sell ; to transfer a thing and the 
exclusive possession of it to another for a pecun- 
iary equivalent. 

VEND-EE', n. The person to whom a thing is 
sold. 

VEND'ER,) «. A seller; one who transfers the 

VENDOR, J exclusive right to a thing. 



VeND'I-BLE, a. That may be sold ; salable. 

VEND'I-BLE-NESS,? n. The quality of being 

VEND-I-BIL'I-TY, f vendible or salable. 

VEN-DuE' (28) (ven-du'), n. Auction ; public sale 
to the highest bidder. 

VEN-DuE'-MAS-TER, n. An auctioneer. 

VE-NEER', v. t. To lay or overlay with thin 
leaves of a fine or superior wood. 

VE-NEER', n. A thin leaf of a superior wood for 
overlaying an inferior kind. 

VE-NEER'ING, n. The act or art of overlaying a 
coarse or inferior wood with thin leaves of supe- 
rior wood ; the covering so laid on. 

VEN-E-Fi"CIAL (-fish'al), a. Acting by uoison. 

VeN'E-MOUS. See Venomous. 

VeN'ER-A-BLE, a. Worthy of reverence or ren- 
dered sacred by religious associations, or as con- 
secrated to God ; to be regarded with awe. 

VeN'ER-A-BLY, ad. So as to excite reverence. 

VeN'ER-aTE, v. t. To regard with reverence ; to 
revere. 

VEN-ER-a'TION, n. The highest degree of rev- 
erence ;_respect mingled with some degree of awe. 

VeN'ER-a-TOR, n. One who exercises or shows 
reverence. 

VE-Ne'RE-AL, a. Pertaining to sexual inter- 
course. 

VE-Ne'RE-OUS, a. Lustful ; libidinous. 

VeN'ER-Y, n. The pleasure of sexual commerce ; 
act or exercise of hunting ; spoils of the chase. 

VE-NE-SEC'TION, n. Act of opening a vein to let 
blood ; blood-letting ; phlebotomy. 

VE-NE'TIAN, a. Belonging to Venice ; n. a native 
of Venice ; the language of Venice. 

VeNgE'ANCE (vSnj'ance), n. Infliction of pain 
in return for an injury; severe punishment. 

VeNgE'FUL, a. Disposed to revenge; desiring 
vengeance. — Syn. Vindictive; revengeful; retrib- 
utive. 

Ve'NI-AL, a. That may be forgiven or allowed 
to pass without censure ; pardonable; excusable. 

Ve'NI-AL-NESS, n. State of being excusable. 

+VE-N!'RE Fa'CI-AS, \ [£.] A writ for summon- 

VE-Ni'RE, J ing a person or jury. 

VEN'I-SON (ven'zn or ven'e-zn), n. The flesh of 
a deer. 

VeN'OM, n. Poison or matter injurious to life; 
figuratively, that which poisons or imbitters the 
feelings. — Syn. Spite; malignity; hatred; hate; 
malice. See Poison. 

VeN'OM-OUS, a. Poisonous; noxious to animal 
life; full of malignity. — Syn. Mischievous; mali- 
cious ; malignant ; spiteful. 

VeN'OM-OUS-LY, ad. Poisonously; with malig- 
nity. 

VEN'OM-OUS-NESS, n. Noxiousness to life; 
spitefulness ; malignity. 

Ve'NOUS, a. Contained in or pertaining to a vein 
or veins. 

VENT, n. A small aperture, hole, or passage for a 
fluid ; the opening in a cannon by which fire is 
communicated to a charge ; passage from secrecy 
to notice ; escape from confinement ; utterance ; 
discharge. [ter. 

VeNT, v. t. To let out or suffer to escape; to ut- 

V£N'TI-DU€T, n. A passage for air or wind ; a 
subterraneous passage for ventilating apartments. 

VeN'TI-LaTE, v. t. To fan ; to expose to air ; to 
cause air to pass through ; to discuss openly. 

VEN-TI-La'TION, n. Act of fanning or exposing 
to air. 

VeN'TI-La-TOR, n. An instrument to expel foul 
air and introduce pure air ; also applied to ^con- 
trivance for curing smoky chimneys. 

VEN'TRAL, a. Belonging to the belly. 

VEN'TRI-CLE (ven'tre-kl), n. A cavity in an an- 
imal body, especially applied to certain cavities 
in the heart and brain. 

VEN-TRiL'O-QUISM, > n. The art or practice of 

VEN-TRIL'O-QUY, J speaking so that the 



I, £, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — caee, fae, last, fall, what; theee, teem; maein-e, bied; move, 



YEN 



501 



VER 



voice seems to come, not from the person, but 
from a distance. 

VEN-TRiL'O-QUIST, n. One who practices ven- 
triloquism. 

VEN-TRIL'O-QUOUS, a. Pertaining to ventrilo- 
quism. 

VeNT'uRE (vent'yur), v. i. or v. t. To have cour- 
age or presumption to do, undertake, or say; to 
run a hazard or risk ; to put or send on a venture 
or chance. — Syn. To dare; hazard; risk; expose. 

VeNT'uRE (vunt'yur), n. An undertaking of 
chance or danger ; a risking ; thing hazarded. 
At a venture, at hazard; without foreseeing the 
issue. [hazard. 

VeNT'uR-ER (vent'yur-er), n . One who puts to 

VeNT'uRE-SOMEJ a. Ready to dare or risk. — 

VeNT'uR-OUS, f Syn. Bold; daring; fear- 
less; adventurous. 

VeNT'uR-OUS-LY, ad. As exhibiting a fearless 
spirit — Syn. Daringly ; boldly ; fearlessly ; in- 
trepidly. 

VeNT'u-ROUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being bold and fearless. — Syn. Hardihood; fear- 
lessness ; intrepidity. 

VeN'uE (vSn'yu), n. A near place or neighbor- 
hood ; the place where an action, in laiv, is laid. 

Ve'NUS, n. The goddess of love and beauty ; a 
planet or star of brilliant splendor. 

VE-Ra'CIOUS (-ra'shus), a. Observant of truth ; 
habitually disposed to speak the truth. 

VE-RaC'I-TY, n. Habitual observance of truth ; 
invariable expression of truth. — Syn. Truth ; in- 
tegrity; probity. 

VE-RAN'DA, n. An open portico. 

"VE-Ra'TRiXE,? n. A vegetable alkaloid used in 

VE-Ra'TRI-A, J medicine. 

VeRB (13), n. A part of speech expressing action, 
motion, suffering, or a request or command to do 
or forbear any thing. 

VeR'BAL, a. Oral; uttered by the mouth; per- 
taining to verbs ; consisting in verbs ; minutely 
exact in words ; literal. 

VeR'BAL, n. A noun derived from a verb. 

VeR'BAL-I$M, n. Something expressed orally. 

VeR'BAL-LY, a. Orally ; by words of mouth. 

+VER-Ba'TIM, ad. [Z,.] Word for word; literally. 

VER-BER-a'TION, n. Act of beating ; blows. 

VkR'BLAgE, n. Superabundance of words. 

VER-BoSE', a. Abounding in words ; prolix. 

VER-BoS'I-TY, \ n. The use of many words 

VER-BoSE'NESS, j without necessity ; verbi- 
age. 

VeR'DAN-CY, n. The quality of being fresh or 
of luxuriant growth ; state of being very green 
in knowledge, i. e., foolish. 

VeR'DANT, a. Green; fresh ; covered with grow- 
ing plants; flourishing; green in knowledge; 
foolish; easily over-reached. 

VERD-AN-TiQUE' (verd-an-teek'), n. A term 
given to a green incrustation on ancient coins, 
brass or copper ; a species of green marble. 

VER'DER-ER, n. An officer of the king's forests. 

VeR'DIOT, n. The decision or answer of a jury 
in a case submitted to them ; judgment. 

VeR'DI-GR'i'S (ver'de-grese), n. Rust of copper ; 
an acetate of copper. 

VeR'DI-TER, n. A blue pigment ; an azure blue 
mineral. 

VeRD'uRE (verd'yur), n. Greenness ; green ; 
freshness of vegetation. 

VeRD'uR-OUS, a. Green; covered with green. 

VeRgE, n. A rod or wand ; an emblem of author- 
ity; the extreme side or end of a thing of some 
extent ; the outside of a border ; a part of a time- 
piece. — Syn. Border ; brink ; edge ; rim ; brim ; 
margin. 

VeRgE, v. i. To bend downward. — Syn. To slope ; 
tend ; incline ; approach. 

VeR'gER, n. A pew-opener or attendant in a 
church. 



VeR'I-Fi-A-BLE, a. That may be proved or con- 
firmed. 

VEK-I-FI-€a'TION, n. Act of proving to be true. 

VeR'I-FI-ER, n. One that verifies. 

VeR'I-Fy, v. t. To prove to be true ; to fulfill, as 
a promise ; to confirm or establish. 

V£R'I-LY, ad. In truth ; in fact; with great con- 
fidence. — Syn. Really ; truly ; certainly ; confi- 
dently. 

VER-I-SlM'I-LAR, a. Having the appearance of 
truth ; probable ; likely. 

VER-I-SI-MiL'I-TuDE, n. The appearance of 
truth ; probability ; likelihood. 

VeR'I-TA-BLE, a. Agreeable to fact ; true. 

VeR'I-TA-BLY, ad. According to truth. 

VeR'I-TY, n. Conformity to facts; agreement of 
the words with the thoughts ; a true assertion or 
tenet. — Syn. Truth; certainty; reality; assur- 
ance, &c. 

VeR'JuICE (-juce), n. A liquor expressed from 
wild apples, sour grapes, &c. 

+VeR'Me$, n. pi. [Z/.] Worms. 

VER-MI-CeL'Li (ver-me-chel'e), n. pi. Little 
rolls of paste in cookery having the appearance 
of worms. 

VER-MI"CEOUS (-mish'us), a. Relating to worms ; 
wormy. [spiral. 

VER-MiC'u-LAR, a. Like a worm or its motion ; 

VER-Mi€'u-LaTE, v. t. To form work by inlay- 
ing, resembling the motion or the tracks of 
worms. 

VER-MI€-u-La'TION, n. The act or operation of 
moving in the form of a worm ; the act of form- 
ing so as to resemble the motion of a worm. 

Vl";R'MI-€uLE, n. A little worm or grub. 

VER-MI€'u-LOUS, a. Full of worms or like them. 

VeR'MI-FORM (13), a. Having the shape of a 
worm. 

VeR'MI-FugE, n. A medicine to expel worms. 

VER-MIL'ION (-mil'yun), n. Cochineal; red sul- 
phuret of mercury ; any beautiful red color. 

VER-MIL'ION (-mil'yun), v. t. To dye or tinge 
with red. 

VeR'MIN (13), n. sing, and pi. All sorts of small 
destructive animals; used of human beings by 
way of contempt. 

VER-MI-Na'TION, n. The breeding of vermin; 
a griping of the bowels. 

VeR'MIN -OUS, a. Tending to breed vermin. 

VER-MIP'A-ROUS, a. Producing worms. 

VER-MiV'O-ROUS, a. Feeding on worms. 

VER-Na€'u-LAR, a. Native; belonging to the 
country of one's birth; belonging to the person 
by birth or nature. 

VER-NaC'u-LAR-I$M, n. A vernacular idiom. 

VeR'NAL (13), a. Belonging to the spring ; ap- 
pearing in spring ; belonging to youth, the spring 
of life. 

VeR'NIER, n. A contrivance or scale attached to 
an astronomical instrument for measuring parts 
of its smallest spaces. 

VE-RoN'I-CA, n. A portrait or representation of 
our Savior on handkerchiefs ; a genus of plants ; 
speedwell. 

VeR'RU-COUS, a. Having little knobs or warts 
on the surface. 

VeR'SA-TiLE, a. Turning round; liable to be 
turned in opinion; turning with ease from one 
thing to another. — Syn. Variable ; changeable; 
unsteady; fickle. 

VeR'SA-TiLE-NESS,) n. The quality of being 

VER-SA-TiL'I-TY, j versatile ; readiness to 
be turned; the faculty of easily turning one's 
mind to new subjects, &c. ; aptness to change. — 
Syn. Variableness; changeableness ; fickleness. 

VERSE (13), n. In poetry, a line consisting of a 
certain number of long and short syllables or 
measures ; in prose, a short division of a com- 
position; a piece of poetry ; metrical language. 

VeRSE, v. t. To tell in verse ; to relate poetically. 



dove, wolf, r.oox; nuLK, hull; vrcaous. — o as k; 



j ; s as z ; cu as su ; tuis. + Xot English. 



VER 



502 



VIA 



To be versed in, to be well skilled in or acquaint- 
ed with. 

VeRS'ER, ft. A maker of verses ; a versifier. 

VeR'SI-€oL-OR, Iff. Having various colors; 

VkR'SI-€0L-OR^D,) changeable in color. 

VER-SI-FI-Ga'TION, ft. The act, art, or practice 
of composing poetic verse. 

VeR'SI-FI-ER (13), n. One who composes verses. 

VeR'SI-Fy, v. i. or v. t. To make verses; to turn 
into verse ; to relate or describe in verse. 

VeR'SION (ver'shun), n. Act of translating; 
translation, or any thing rendered into another 
language or form of expression. 

VeRST, n. A Russian lineal measure, containing 
3500 feet, or about two thirds of an English mile. 

VeR'SUS. [L.] Against. 

VER'SuTE, a. Crafty; wily. 

VeRT, n. Whatever is green ; a green color. 

VeR'TEBER,) ft. ; pi. Ver'te-brje. A joint in 

VeR'TE-BRA, / the spine or back-bone of an an- 
imal. 

VeR'TE-BRAL, a. Pertaining to the joints of the 
spine ; having a back-bone or spinal joints. 

VeR'T E-BRaTE, ft. An animal having a spine 
with joints. 

VeR'TEX, ft. ,• pi. Ver'ti-oes. [Z,.] The crown of 
the hi ad ; the top of a hill or other thing ; the 
point of a cone, pyramid, or angle ; in astronomy, 
the zenith. 

VeR'TI-GAL, a. Being in the zenith, or perpen- 
dicularly over head ; being in a position perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the horizon ; a vertical sec- 
tion in a plan, &c, is one drawn through the ob- 
ject from top to bottom, or a perpendicular one. 

VeR'TI-GAL-LY, ad. In the zenith; perpendic- 
ularly. 

VeR'TI-GAL-NESS, n. State of being vertical. 

VER-TiC'IL-LATE, a. Growing in a whirl, or 
round the stem in rings. 

VER-TiC'I-TY (-tls'e-ty), ft. Power of turning; 
rotation; that property of a loadstone by which 
it, turns to some particular point. 

VER-Tm'1-NOUS, a. Giddy; turning round ; af- 
fected with the vertigo; rotary. 

VER-TIcVl-XOUS-NESS, ft. Giddiness; a sense 
of whirling ; unsteadiness. 

VeR'TI-GO or VER-Ti'GO, ft. ; pi. Vee-tig'i-nes. 
Dizziness ; swimming of the head. Ver-ti'go is 
now the more common pronunciation of physi- 
cians. See Dunglison. 

VeR'Y, a. True ; real ; identica 1 . 

VeR'Y, ad. In a great or high degree. 

VeS'I-GANT, ft. A blistering application. 

VeS'I-GaTE, v. t. To blister; to raise little blad- 
ders on the skin. 

VES-I-€a'TION, ft. The process of raising blis- 
ters. 

VeS'I-GA-TO-RY, ft. A blistering plaster. 

VeS'I-GLE (ves'e-kl), n. A little bladder on the 
skin filled with some humor; any small mem- 
branous cavity in animals or vegetables. 

VE-SI€'u-LAR, \ a. Consisting of vesicles ; hol- 

VE-SlC'u-LOUS,J low; full of interstices; hav- 
ing little bladders or glands on the surface. 

YE-SlC'tl-LATE, a. Full of little bladders. 

VeS'PER, ft. [.L.] The evening star; Venus; also 
the evening. 

VeS'PERS, n.pl. The evening service in the Ro- 
man Catholic Church. 

VeS'PER-TiNE, a. Pertaining to the evening; 
happening or being in the evening. 

VeS'SEL, ft. A cask or utensil for liquors; a 
structure made to float on the water for the pur- 
poses of commerce, war, &c ; a tube for convey- 
ing liquids in the human system or in plants. 

VEST, ft. An under-garment, particularly a waist- 
coat. — Syn. Waistcoat. — In England, the original 
word waistcoat is always used for the garment 
worn immediately under a coat; in this country, 
vest (from the French) has been universally sub- 



stituted, while waistcoat is more generally used 
for an under-garment, as "a flannel waistcoat." 

VEST, v. t. or v. i. To clothe; to cover; to de- 
scend to; to convert into another substance or 
species of property. 

VeS'TAL, a. Pertaining to Vesta, the goddess of 
fire ; pure ; chaste. 

VeS'TAL, n. A virgin consecrated to Vesta. 

VeST'ED, a. Not in a state of contingency, as 
vested rights. 

VES'TI-A-RY, ft. A wardrobe. 

VES'TI-BuLE, ft. Properly, a small apartment 

immediately within the door of a building Syn. 

Hall ; passage — A vestibule (from vestis, a gar- 
ment) means literally a cloak-room; a hall is the 
first large apartment beyond the vestibule, and, 
in this country, is usually long and narrow, serv- 
ing as a passage to the several apartments. In 
England, the hall is generally square or oblong, 
and a long, narrow space of entrance is called a 
passage, not a hall. 

VeS'TIgE (ves'tij), ft. Literally, the track or re- 
mains of something preceding, as the vestiges of 
ancient times. — Syn. Trace. — Vestige (Latin, ves- 
tigium) is literally a foot-print; a trace (Latin, 
tracto, from traho) is something drawn out in a 
line. Vestige, therefore, always supposes some- 
thing left behind, while a trace is a mere indica- 
tion that something has been present or is pres- 
ent, as traces of former population, a trace of poi- 
son in a given substance. 

VeST'ING, w. A cloth for vests; vest patterns. 

VeST'MENT, ft. A garment; part of dress. 

VeS'TRY, w. Originally a room for vestments in 
a church; hence, a room for extra meetings; in 
the Ejnscopal Church, a committee which man- 
ages the temporal concerns of a parish. 

VeST'uRE (vOst'yur), ft. A garment or articles 
worn. — Syn. Robe; apparel; habit; dress; cloth- 
ing 

VE-Su VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Vesuvius. 

VeTCH, n. A leguminous plant, some species of 
which are much used for feeding cattle. 

VeT'ER-AN, a. Long exercised or practiced. 

VeT'ER-AN, w. One long exercised; an old sol- 
dier or one who is old in experience. 

VET-ER-I-Na'RI-AN, n. One skilled in diseases 
of cattle, &c. 

VeT'ER-I-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to the art of 
healing the diseases of domestic animals. 

Ve'TO, v. t. To withhold assent from a bill for a 
law, and thus prevent its enactment; to inter- 
pose a veto. 

Ve'TO, w. ; pi. VS'toes (ve'toze). The power of 
negativing a bill by the executive after it has 
passed the legislative branch of government; the 
exercise of this power or a forbidding ; prohibition. 

i-VET-TU-Rl'NO, ft. [/£] One who carries persons 
in a vettura, or four-wheeled carriage, for a given 
price. 

VeX, v. t. To make angry or uneasy by little 
provocations ; to harass or torment by more se- 
rious evils. — Syn. To plague ; provoke ; disquiet ; 
irritate; trouble; to tease, which see. 

VEX-a'TION, ft. Act of irritating ; state of being 
irritated or disturbed in mind ; the cause of 
trouble or disquiet; harassing bylaw; a slight 
teasing; trouble. — Mortification; grief; sorrow; 
distress; chagrin, which see. 

VEX-a'TIOUS (veks-ii'shus), a. Irritating or agi- 
tating to the mind; causing or full of trouble 
and disquiet; slightly troublesome. — Syn. Af- 
flictive; provoking; troublesome; teasing. 

VEX-A'TIOUS-LY, ad. So as to provoke and ir- 
ritate. 

VEX-a'TIOUS-NESS, ft. The quality of giving 
trouble or disquiet, or state of being vexatious. 

VeX'ING-LY, ad. So as to tease, vex, or irritate. 

■frVl'A. [2>.] By the way of. [premature child. 

Vi'A-BLE, a. Capable of living, as a new-born or 



VIA 



503 



VIG 



Vi'A-DU€T, n. A structure made for conveying 
a carriage-way or railway, by a tunuel or arched 
supports, across a river, &c. 
VI'AL, n. A small glass bottle. 
VI'AL, v. t. To put into a vial. 
VI'ANDS, n. pi. Meat dressed ; victuals; food. 
YI-aT'I€, a. Pertaining to a journey. 
YI-aT'I-€UM, n. Provisions for a journey; in 
the Roman Catholic Church, the communion ad- 
ministered to persons in their last moments. 

Vi'BRaTE', v. t. or v. i. To move or play to and 
fro; to pass from one state to another; to cause 
to quiver.— Syn. To swing; oscillate; brandish; 
quiver. 

VI'BRA-TILE, a. Adapted to or used in vibratory 
motion, as the vibratile organs of insects. 

VI-BRa'TION, n. The act of moving or state of 
being moved to and fro in quick succession; os- 
cillation, as of a pendulum. 

WBRA-TIVE, a. That vibrates. 

Vl'BRA-TO-RY, a. Consisting in oscillation or 
vibration ; causing to vibrate. 

VICAR, n. A substitute or deputy; a minister or 
parson of the parish. 

VICAR-Ag E, n. The benefice of a vicar. 

VI-€a'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a vicar. 

Vi-€a-RI-ATE, a. Having delegated power. 

Vi-Cv'RI-ATE, n. A delegated office or power. 

VI-€a'RI-OUS, a. Deputed ; acting for another ; 
filling the place of another. — Syn. Deputed; sub- 
stituted; delegated. 

Vi-€a'RI-OUS-LY, ad. By substitution ; in place 
of another. 

+VICE. [I/.] In the place of; in composition, used 
to denote one who acts in the place of another, or 
•who is second in authority, a3 a vice-president. 

VICE, 7i. A fault or defect ; what is morally wrong ; 
wickedness; coi-ruption of manners. — Syn. Blem- 
ish; imperfection; spot; wickedness; immoral- 
ity; crime, which see. • 

VICE, n. An iron press with a screw for holding 
_articles fast when filed, &c. [fleet. 

VICE-AD'MI-RAL, n. The second officer of a 

VICE-\D'MI-RAL-TY, n. The office of a vice- 
admiral. 

ViCE-CHaN'CEL-LOR, n. An officer in a univer- 
sity in England, annually elected to act in the 
absence of the chancellor ; also a judge in certain 
courts of chancery. 

VTCE-CoN'SUL, n. One acting for the consul. 

ViCE-ge'REN-CY, n. The office of a vicegerent ; 
agency_ under another. 

ViCE-ge'RENT, n. An officer acting in place of 
another, or one deputed by a superior to exercise 
authority. 

VICE-ge'RENT, a. Having or exercising delega- 
ted power. 

VICE-PReS'I-DENT, n. An officer next in rank 
to thepresident. 

VICE-Re'GAL, a. Relating to a viceroy. 

VlCE' ROY, n. The governor of a kingdom or 
country, who rules in the name or as substitute 
of a king, with regal authority. 

VICE-ROY'AL-TY,f n. The dignity, office, or 

VICE-ROY'SHIP, j jurisdiction of a viceroy. 

Vi"CIaTE (vish'ate), v. t. To injure the substance 
or properties of a thing so as to impair its value 
or destroy its use ; to make less pure or wholly 
impure; to render defective. — Syn. To impair; 
invalidate ; deprave ; corrupt. 

ViC'I-NAgE (vls'e-naje), n. Neighborhood; the 
place or places adjoining or near. 

VIC'I-NAL (vis'e-nal), a. Near; bordering. 

Vi-CiN'I-TY, n. Nearness in place; neighboring 
country. See Neighborhood. 

Vl''CIOUS (vish'us), a. Characterized by defects 
or imperfections ; addicted to vice ; corrupt in 
principles or conduct; contrary to moral principles 
or to rectitude; physically corrupt; not genuine 
or pure ; not well tamed or broken. A vicious cir- 



cle in reasoning is one in which the premises 
take for granted the very thing to be proved. 

VTCIOUS-LY (vish'us-ly), ad. Corruptly or con- 
trary to rectitude, &c. ; defectively; immorally; 
wickedly. 

VI"CIOUS-NESS (vish'us-ness), n. Addictedncss 
to vice; habitual violation of the moral law or 
moral duties; depravity in principles and man- 
ners; refractoriness. — Syn. Corruptness; wick- 
edness; immorality; profligacy; unruliness. 

VI-CiS'SI-TUDE, n. Regular change or succes- 
sion ; revolution. , 

VICTIM, n. A living being sacrificed ; something 
sacrificed in the pursuit of an object. 

VIC'TIM-IZE, v. t. To make a victim of. 

VIC'TOR, n. One who conquers another in war, or 
defeats another in private contest ; one who wind 
or gains an advantage. — Syn. Conqueror; van- 
quisher; winner; gainer. 

VICTOR-ESS, n. A female who vanquishes. 

VIC-TO-RTNE' (-een'), n. A lady's fur tippet. 

VIC-To'RI-OUS, a. Having conquered or over- 
come an enemy; that produces conquest; em- 
blematic of conquest. — Syn. Conquering ; van- 
quishing; triumphant; successful. 

VI€-To'PJ-OUS-LY, ad. With conquest ; tri- 
umphantly, [ous. 

VIC-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being victori- 

VICTO-RY, n. The defeat of an enemy in battle 
or an antagonist in contest ; a gaining a superi- 
ority. — Syn. Conquest; triumph; success. 

VICT'UAL (vit'tl), v. t. To supply or store up 
provisions. 

VICT'UAL-ER (vlt'ler), n. One who furnishes 
provisions, or who keeps a house of entertain- 
ment; a provision ship. 

VICT'UAL* (vit'tlz), n. pi. Food or provisions 
for human beings prepared for the table. — Syn. 
Provisions ; sustenance ; subsistence ; meat ; food, 
&c. 

+VI'DE. [£.] See. 

+VI-DeL'I-CET, ad. To wit; namely; abbrevi- 
ated viz. 

VIE (vi), v. i. To strive for superiority ; to attempt 
to equal ; to use efforts in a race, &c. — Syn. To 
contend; strive; emulate; contest. 

VIEW (vu), v. t. To examine with the eye or look 
on with attention ; to perceive by the eye, or in- 
tellectually, or with the mental eye. — Syn. To 
behold ; look ; eye ; survey, &c. 

VIEW (vu), n. Reach of the eye ; the whole ex- 
tent seen; power of seeing; act of seeing ; intel- 
lectual survey ; exhibition to the sight or mind ; 
manner of seeing. — Syn. Sight ; survey ; pros- 
pect ; intention; purpose; design. 

VIEWER (vii'er), n. One who sees or examines; 
an officer whose duty it is to inspect something, 
as fences, &c. 

VIEW'LESS, a. That can not be seen; not per- 
ceivable by the eye. 

VIg'IL, n. The eve before a holiday ; a watch ; de- 
votion performed in the customary hours of rest 
or sleep. 

VIg'I-LANCE, n. Forbearance of sleep ; state of 
being awake ; attention in discovering and guard- 
ing against danger. — Syn. Watchfulness ; cau- 
tion; guard; watch. 

VI&T-LANT, rt. Attentive to discover and avoid 
danger or provide for safety. — Syn. Wakeful ; 
watchful ; circumspect. 

VIg'I-LANT-LY, ad. With watchfulness and at- 
tention. 

VIG-NeTTE' (vin-yCt' or vin'yet), n. An orna- 
ment at the beginning of a book, chapter, &c. : a 
small engraved embellishment on bank-notes, &c. 

VIG'OR, n. Active physical force; strength of 
mind or intellectual force ; strength or force in 
animal or vegetable. — Syn. Strength ; force ; en- 
ergy; efficacy. 

VIG'OR-OUS, a. Full of physical strength or ac- 



dove, wolf, book; rule, bull; vi"cious. — o as k; g as j; s as z; ch as su; tuis. * Not English. 



VIG 



504 



VIR 



tive force; made by strength either of body or 
mind. — Syn. Strong; forcible; agile; diligent. 

VIG'OR-OUS-LY, ad. With force or strenuous ex- 
ertion. 

VIG'OR-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being pos- 
sessed of active strength ; strenuous exertion ; 
force. 

VILE, a. Base ; wicked ; mean ; despicable ; mor- 
ally base or impure. [cowardly. 

VILE'LY, ad. Basely ; shamefully ; wickedly ; 

VILE'NESS, n. Intellectual baseness ; moral de- 
pravity ; degradation by sin. — Syn. Baseness ; 
wickedness ; worthlessness ; despicableness. 

VlL'I-FI-EK, n. One who defames another. 

VIL'I-Fy, v. t. To make vile; to accuse falsely; 
to seek to degrade by slander. — Syn. To debase ; 
defame ; revile ; abuse ; traduce. 

VIL'LA, n. ; pi. Vil'las. A country seat or farm 
with a mansion and out-houses. 

YIL'LAgE, n. A small collection of houses, less 
than a town or city. — Syn. Hamlet; town; city. 
— In England, a liamlet (lit., a little home or con- 
fined place) denotes a collection of houses too 
small to have a parish church. A village has a 
church, but no market. A town has both a mar- 
ket and a church or churches. A city is, in the 
legal sense, an incorporated borough town, which 
is or has been the place of a bishop's see. It is 
hardly necessary to say that the last three words 
have a different acceptation in our country. 

VIL'LA-gER, n. An inhabitant of a village. 

VIL'LAIN (vil'lin), n. In feudal law, one who 
holds lands by a base or servile tenure; a base 
tenant ; a very wicked person. — Syn. Rascal ; 
scoundrel; knave; scamp; profligate. 

VIL'LAIN-OUS, a. Very vile ; extremely de- 
praved; proceeding from depravity. — Syn. Wick- 
ed ; base ; depraved ; rascally ; sorry ; vile ; infa- 
mous. 

VIL'LAIN-OUS-LY, ad. Basely; knavishly ; with 
extreme wickedness or depravity. 

VIL'LAIN-OUS-NESS, n. Baseness ; extreme de- 
pravity. 

VIL'LAIN-Y (vil'lin-y), n. Extreme depravity or 
atrocious wickedness; an action of deep deprav- 
ity, or attended with aggravated guilt. — Syn. 
Baseness; infamy; atrocity; crime; vileness. 

VIL'LAN-AgE, n. The state of a villain; base 
servitude ; a base tenure of lands. 

VIL'LAN-OUS, a. Base. See Villainous. 

VIL-LaT'I€, a. Pertaining to a village. 

♦ViL'Ll, n. pi. [L.~\ Fibers or hairs. 

VIL-LoSE', \ a. Abounding with fine hairs ; nap- 

VlL'LOUS, J py; shaggy. 

VIM'I-NAL, a. Consisting of twigs. 

VI-MIN'E-OUS, a. Made of twigs. 

Vi-Na'CEOUS (vi-na'shus), a. Belonging to wine 
or grapes ; of the color of wine. 

+VIN-aI-GReTTE', n. CFV.] A bottle or box, used 
like a smelling-bottle, for holding aromatic vin- 
egar. 

VIN'CI-BLE, a. That may be overcome. 

ViN'CI-BLE-NESSJ n. Capacity of being con- 

VIN-CI-BiI/I-TY, J quered. 

*VIN'€u-LUM, n. A bond of union; a tie; in 
mathematics, a line drawn above several mem- 
bers of a compound term subjected to the same 
operation. 

VIN-Dk'MI-AL, a. Belonging to a vintage. 

VIN'DI-€A-BLE, a. That may be vindicated, 
justified,_or supported. 

ViN'DI-€aTE, v. t. To support or maintain as 
true against denial, censure, &c. ; to prove to be 
just or valid; to defend with arms or otherwise. 
— Syn. To justify; assert; defend; maintain; 
avenge. 

VIN-DI-€a'TION, n. Justification against deni- 
al or censure, objections or accusations; act of 
supporting by proof or legal process ; defense by 
force or otherwise. 



ViN'DI-€a-TiVE, a. Tending to vindicate. 

VIN'DI-€a-TOR, n. One who vindicates, justi- 
fies, maintains, or defends. 

ViN'DI-CA-TO-RY, a. Justifying; defending; 
inflicting punishment; avenging. 

VIN-DiC'TiVE, a. Revengeful ; given to revenge. 

VIN-DIC'TiVE-LY, ad. In a revengeful manner. 

VIN-DiC'TIVE-NESS, n. Revengeful disposition. 

VINE, n. A plant that produces grapes; the long, 
slender stem of any plant that trails on the ground, 
or climbs and supports itself on any fixed thing. 

VINE'-DReSS-ER, n. One who cultivates vines. 

ViN'E-GAR, n. An acid obtained from wine or 
cider by the acetous fermentation. 

VIN'ER-Y, n. A building for rearing grapes. 

VINE' YARD (vin'yard), n. A plantation of vines 
producing grapes. 

Vi'NOUS, a. Having the qualities of wine; per- 
taining to wine. 

ViNT'AgE, n. The produce of the vine for the 
season, the time of gathering, or the wine pro- 
duced by the crop of grapes in one season. 

VINT'A-GER, n. One who gathers the vintage. 

VINT'NER, n. A seller or dealer in wines. 

VINT'RY, n. A place where wine is sold. 

Vi'N Y, a. Belonging to vines ; abounding in vines ; 
producing grapes. 

Vl'OL, n. A stringed musical instrument. 

Vi'-o'LA, n. [.L.] A. tenor violin. 

Vi'O-LA-BLE, a. That may be violated, broken, 
or injured. 

Vi-O-La'CEOUS (-la'shus), a. Resembling vio- 
lets. 

Vi'O-LaTE, v. t. To break in upon or set aside 
in a violent manner; to do violence to; to treat 
with irreverence. — Syn. To hurt; interrupt; 
breakj infringe; transgress; profane; ravish. 

VI-O-La'TION, n. The act of violating or injur- 
ing; interruption; non-observance; act of irrev- 
erence ; profane treatment of sacred things ; rav- 
ishment. 

Vi'0-LA.-TIVE, a. Violating or tending to violate. 

VI'O-La-TOR, n. One who violates, transgresses, 
or profanes; a ravisher. 

VI'O-LENCE, n. Physical force ; strength of ac- 
tion or motion ; moral force ; highly excited feel- 
ings; crimes of all kinds; the act of breaking in 
or infringing; ravishment. — Syn. Force; fury; 
vehemence; outrage; wrong. 

VI'O-LENT, a. Moving and acting with great 
strength ; characterized or produced by violence 
or force ; not natural ; not authorized or volunta- 
ry. — Syn. Forcible; fierce; furious; impetuous; 
passionate; severe; extorted. 

VI'O-LENT-LY, ad. With force ; vehemently. 

Vl'O-LET, a. Dark blue, inclining to red. 

Vl'O-LET, n. A low herbaceous plant, bearing 
flowers generally of a dark blue color. 

Vl-O-LIN', n. A stringed instrument of music ; a 
fiddle. 

VI-O-LiN'IST, n. One skilled in the violin. 

VI'O-LIST, n. A player on the violin. 

Vi-0-LON-CeL'LIST, n. A violoncello player. 

Vi-O-LON-CeL'LO (ve-o-lon-chel'lo or vi-o-lon- 
sel'lo), n. A strin^ld instrument of music; a 
bass-viol of four strings. 

Vi'-O-Lo'NE (ve-o-lo'na), n. A large bass violin 
or double bass. 

VI'PER, n. A serpent whose bite is venomous ; a 
person or thing mischievous or malignant. 

VI'PER-INE, a. Pertaining to a viper. 

Vi'PER-OUS, a. Like a viper ; venomous ; malig- 
nant. 

Vi-Ra'GO, n. A bold, masculine woman; a ter- 
magant, [elay. 

ViR'E-LaY, n. A little poem or song; a round- 

VI-ReS'CENT, a. Beginning to be green. 

ViR-GlL'I-AN, a. Pertaining to or resembling the 
style of Virgil, the Roman poet. 

ViR'GlN (17), n. A maid in her native purity. 



A, a, &c, long. — a, £, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; maelne, eird; move, 



VIR 



505 



VTT 



ViR'GlX, a. Pertaining to or noting maidenly 
purity ; chaste ; undefiled ; unused ; new. 

ViR'GlX-AL, a. Belonging to a virgin ; maidenly. 

ViR'GlX-AL, n. A musical instrument like a spin- 
et, now out of use. 

YiR-GiX'I-TY, n. Maidenhood; the state of hav- 
ing had no carnal knowledge of man. 

+YiR'GO, n. [L.J The virgin; the sixth sign of 
the zodiac. 

YT-RiD'I-TY, n. Greenness ; verdure. 

Vl'RiLE or VIR'iLE, a. Manly ; belonging to the 
male sex. 

Yi-RiL'I-TY, n. Manhood ; state of the male sex 
with maturity, strength, and unimpaired powers 
of a man ; power of procreation. 

ViR-Tu', n. A love of the fine arts ; a taste for cu- 
riosities. 

ViRT'u-AL (virt'yu-al), a. Effectual; being an 
essence or effect, not in fact. 

ViRT'u-AL- LY, ad. Effectually ; in efficacy or ef- 
fect only ; by means of some virtue. 

ViRT'uE (IT), n. That substance or quality in 
physical bodies by which they act and produce 
effects on other bodies ; moral goodness ; partic- 
ular moral excellence ; acting power ; secret 
agency; efficacy; power; authority. 

ViRT'uE-LESS, a. Destitute of virtue, or of effi- 
cacy, or operating qualities. 

ViR-TU-o'SO, n. ; pi. Vie-tu-o'sT. One skilled in 
curiosities or in the fine arts, particularly in mu- 
sic. 

ViRT'u-OUS, a. Acting or being in conformity 
to the moral or the divine law ; chaste. 

ViRT'u-OUS-LY, ad. In conformity with the 
moral law or with duty. 

ViRT'u-OUS-XESS, n. Quality or state of being 
virtuous. 

ViR'u-LEXCE, \ n. That quality of a thing 

ViR'C-LEX-CY, / which renders it active in do- 
ing injury ; a wicked temper ; extreme bitterness 
or malignity. — Sy>". Malignancy ; acrimony; bit- 
terness ; rancor ; venom ; spite. 

VlR'O'-LEXT, a. Extremely active in doing in- 
jury. — Syn. Malignant ; venomous ; poisonous ; 
rancorous: bitter; spiteful. 

YiR'u-LEXT-LY, ad. Malignantly; with rancor. 

+Yi'RUS, n. [L.] Foul matter from ulcers; poison. 

+VIS, n. [L.] The quality of force or power ; in 
physics, any natural power or force, as vis iner- 
tice. 

YiS'AgE, n. The face ; look ; countenance. 

+VIS A ViS (viz a vee). [Fr.] A carriage in 
which two persons sit face to face. 

YiS'CER-A, n. pi. The bowels; the contents of 
the abdomen and thorax. 

ViS'CER-AL, a. Pertaining to the viscera, 

YiS'CER-aTE. See Eviscerate, the more com- 
mon word. 

VIS'GID, a. Xot readily separating; sticking to- 
gether. — Syn. Glutinous; adhesive; sticky; te- 
nacious. 

YIS-CiD'I-TY, n. Glutinousness ; tenacity; glu- 
tinous concretion ; stickiness. 

VIS-€6S'I-TY, \ n. That quality of soft sub- 

VlS'€Ol"S-XESS,J stances which makes them 
adhere so as not to be easily parted. 

VIS'COUXT (vi'kount), n. A title of nobility next 
below the earl. 

YIS'COUXT-ESS (vl'kount-ess), n. A viscount's 
wife ; a peeress of the fourth order. 

VlS'COUS, a. Of a sticky nature; adhering to- 
gether. — Syn. Glutinous; adhesive; clammy. 

+Vi-$E' (vee-za'). iFr.] Literally, seen. An in- 
dorsement made by police-officers in European 
cities on the back of a passport as a permit to 
proceed. 

ViSE, n. An engine for griping. See Vice. 

ViSH'X T U, n. A Hindoo deity ; the personification 
of the preserving principle, and the second per- 
son of the Hindoo Trinitv. 



VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, T n. The state or quality of be- 

Vi$'I-BLE-XESS, j ing perceivable to the eye or 
visible ; the shite of being discoverable or appar- 
ent. 

Yi$'I-BLE, a. Perceivable by the eye ; that can 
be seen ; discovered to the eye. — Syn. Apparent ; 
manifest ; obvious ; clear. [ly. 

Vi$'I-BLY, ad. So as to be seen; plainly; clear- 

VIS'IOX (vizh'un), n. Act of seeing external ob- 
jects; actual sight; faculty of sight ; something 
imagined to be seen, but not real; a revelation 
from God ; something imaginary ; any thing 
which is the object of sight. — Syn. Apparition; 
phantom ; ghost ; dream. 

VlS'IOX-A-RY (vlzh'uu-a-ry), a. Affected by 
phantoms; not real; existing in the imagination 
only; having no solid foundation. — Syn. Imagin- 
ary; fantastic: wild; scherny; impracticable; 
fanciful, which see. 

ViS'IOX-A-RY, n. One who forms impracticable 
schemes; one whose imagination is disturbed; 
one who is confident of success in a project oth- 
ers see to be idle and fanciful. — Syn. Enthusi- 
ast; fanatic; impracticable dreamer ; projector; 
schemer. 

YTS'IT. v. t. or v. i. To go or come to see : to at- 
tend, as a physician ; to keep up the interchange 
of civilities and salutations. 

ViS'IT, n. Act of going to see another or of call- 
ing at his house ; the act of attending on ; the 
act of going to inspect or view. 

YiS'IT-A-BLE, a. Subject to be visited or in a 
state to receive visits. 

VI$'IT-AXT, n. One who goes to see another or 
who is a guest in his house. 

YIS-IT-a'TIOX, n. Act of visiting ; in law, an 
examination by authority ; infliction of judg- 
ments ; sending of afflictions and trials ; commu- 
nication of divine love ; exhibition of mercy. 

Vi$TT-IXG, a. Authorized to visit and inspect. 

ViS'IT-IXG, n. The act of going to see ; attend- 
ing on or examining ; visitation. 

Yi$TT-OR, n. One who visits or goes to examine. 

YI$-IT-o'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a judicial visitor. 

YiS'OR, n. A mask; disguise, concealment; the 
perforated part of a helmet over the face. 

ViS'TA, n. lit] A prospect through an avenue, 
or the trees and other things forming it. 

Yi&'ti-AL (vizh'yu-al) a. Belonging to the sight; 
used in sight ; serving as the instrument of see- 
ing. 

Yl'TAL, a. Pertaining or necessary to life ; con- 
taining life; that on which life depends; very 
important. — Syn. Essential ; necessary ; imme- 
diate; absolute. 

Vi-TaLT-TY, n. Power of maintaining life; the 
act of living; the principle of animation or of 
life. [sentially. 

Vi'TAL-LY, ad. So as to affect or give life ; es- 

Vl'TALS, n. pi. Parts of an animal body essential 
to life. 

Yi"TIaTE (vish'ate), v. t. To injure the substance 
or qualities of a thing so as to impair or spoil its 
use and value ; to destroy the validity, &c. ; to 
render defective ; to ravish or dishonor. — Syn. 
To corrupt; deprave; defile; pollute; taint; 
contaminate, &c. 

Vi"TI-a'TIOX (vish-e-a'shun), n. The act of vi- 
tiating ; corrupting ; a rendering invalid. — Syn. 
Contamination; pollution; vitiosity. 

VI"TI-6S'I-TY (vish-e-os'e-ty), n. Corruption; 
depravity. 

YiT'RE-OUS, a. Glassy; resembling glass ; con- 
sisting of glass. 

ViT'RE-OUS-XESS, n. State of being glassy ; re- 
semblance of glass. 

Yi-TReS'CEXT, a. Glassy; tending to glass. 

VIT-RI-FaC'TIOX, n. Act, process, or operation 
of converting into glass. 

YiT'RI-FI-A-BLE, a. That mav be vitrified. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bull; vi"cious. — € as k; g as j; s as z; ch as sii ; Tins. + Xot EtHj 



VIT 



506 



VOL 



VIT'RI-FORM, a. Having the form of glass. 
VlT'KI-Fv, v. t. or v. i. To convert into glass; to 

become glass. 
VIT'RI-OL, n. A soluble sulphate of any metal, as 

copperas, &c. 

ViT'KI-OL-fZE 5 '} v - L To converfc int0 vi^iol. 

VIT-RI-6L'I€, a. Pertaining to vitriol ; having 
the qualities of vitriol. 

VIT'u-LiNE,_a. Belonging to a calf or to veal. 

Vi-Tu'PER-aTE, v. t. To blame; to censure. 

Vi-TU-PEE-a'TION, n. Blame; censure. 

Vi-Tu'PER-A-TiVE, a. Uttering, writing, or con- 
taining censure. [lively. 

*Vi"-Va'CE (ye-va'cha). lit.} In music, brisk and 

Vi-Va'CIOUS (-vfi'shus), a. Having great liveli- 
ness and activity; sprightly in temper and con- 
duct. — Syn. Lively; sprightly; brisk; gay. 

Vi-VaC'1-TY, In. Liveliness or sprightli- 

VI-Va'CIOUS-NESS.J ness of temper or behav- 
ior. — Syn. Life ; activity ; animation ; spirits ; 
lightness; volatility. See Liveliness. 

Vi'VA-RY, n. A warren for live animals. 

*Vl'VA Vo'CE. [L.] By word of mouth. 

VlV'ID, a. Exliibiting the appearance of life and 
freshness; forming brilliant images, or painting 
in lively colors. — Syn. Lively ; bright ; active ; 
clear; striking; quick; strong. 

VlV'ID-LY, ad. With life and spirit ; with bright- 
ness; with glowing colors, or with animated ex- 
hibition to the mind. 

ViV'ID-NESS, n. Life ; liveliness; sprightliness ; 
strength of coloring, &c. ; vigor. 

VI-VIF'I€-AL, } a - Givin g life ; reviving. 

Vi-ViF'1-CaTE, v. t. To give life to ; to revive ; 
to give to natural bodies new luster, force, or 
vigor. 

VIV-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of giving life to, 
or new luster, force, or vigor. 

Vi-ViF'I-€a-TiVE, a. Able to give life or ani- 
mate. 

ViV'I-Fr, v. t. To impart life to; to animate; to 
make alive. 

Vi-VlP'A-ROUS, a. Producing young alive. 

VIV-I-S£t''TION, n. The dissection of an animal 
while alive for physiological discoveries. 

VlX'-BN (vik'sn), n. A turbulent, quarrelsome 
woman ; a scold. 

ViX'i?N-LY, «. Having the qualities of a vixen. 

ViZ., for videlicet. To wit; namely. 

ViZ'ARD, n. A mask. 

VIZ'ARD, v. t. To mask. See Visoe. 

VlZ'IER ^viz'yer), n. A Turkish counselor of 
state. Grand Vizier, the Ottoman prime minis- 
ter. 

Vo'€A-BLE, n. A word ; term ; name. 

VO-CAB'u-LA-RY, n. A list of words arranged in 
alphabetical order, and explained ; a dictionary. 

Vo'CAL, a. Having a voice; uttered or modulated 
by the voice, as vocal music in distinction from 
instrumental. 

VO-€aL'IG, a. Consisting of the voice or vowel 
sounds. 

Vo'C AL-IST, n. A public singer, distinguished by 
superior powers of voice. 

VO-CAL'I-TY, n. Quality of being utterable by 
the voice. 

Vo'CAL-IZE, v. t. To form into voice; to make 
vocal. 

Vo'CAL-LY, ad. With voice ; in words. 

VO-Ca'TION, n. The act of being called ; em- 
ployment; business. — Syn. Calling; trade; des- 
ignation ; destination. 

V6CA-T1VE, a. Calling ; denoting the case of 
the noun in which a person is addressed. 

VoC'A-TIVE, n. Fifth case of Latin nouns, or in 
which a word is placed when a person is ad- 
dressed. 

VO-CiF'ER-aTE, v. t. or v. i. To utter or cry out 



with a loud voice or with vehemence. — Syn. To 
exclaim ; bellow ; bawl ; roar ; hoot ; clamor. 

VO-CIF-ER-a'TION, n. Crying out with vehe- 
mence; a violent or loud outcry. — Syn. Excla- 
mation ; clamor ; bawling ; bellowing. 

VO-CiF'ER-OUS, a. Making a loud outcry.— Syn. 
Noisy ; loud ; clamorous. 

VoGUE, n. Literally, the going, as the vogue or 
lode of a mine • hence, fashion ; popular mode ; 
repute ; credit. 

VOICE, n. Sound uttered by the mouth or breath ; 
language ; expression or mode of expression ; 
command or precept ; particular mode of inflect- 
ing verbs; opinion or choice expressed. 

VOICE, v. t. To fit for producing sounds; to reg- 
ulate the tone of a voice. 

VOICED (voist), a. Furnished with a voice. 

VOICE'LESS, a. Having no voice or vote. 

VOICING, n. The act of giving to an organ-pipe 
its proper quality of tone. 

VOID, a. Not occupied with visible matter or with 
inhabitants, &c. ; having no binding force ; free ; 
destitute ; having no incumbent ; unsubstantial. 
— Syn. Empty ; unoccupied ; vacant ; wanting ; 
unfurnished. 

VOID, n. An empty space; emptiness. 

VOID, v. t. To send out ; to render of no validi- 
ty or effect ; to make or leave vacant. — Syn. To 
quit; eject; evacuate; annul. 

VOID'A-BLE, a. That may be annulled or evacu- 
ated. 

VOID'ANCE, n. Act of emptying; evasion; va- 
cancy; ejection; want of an incumbent. 

VOID'ER, w. One that voids or annuls; a basket 
or tray for carrying food to or from the table. 

VOID'NESS, n. A void state ; want of binding 
force_or substantiality; emptiness. 

VOI'TuRE, n. [_Fr.-\ A carriage. 

Vo'LANT, a. Flying; active; nimble. 

VoL'A-TlLE (vol'a-til), a. Apt to change ; pass- 
ing off by evaporation ; apt to disperse. — Syn. Fly- 
ing; gay; airy; fickle; flighty. 

VoL'A-TILE-NESS,f n. Disposition to fly off in 

VOL-A-TlL'I-TY, j vapor ; great sprightli- 
ness or mutability of mind or feeling. — Syn. 
Lightness ; giddiness ; liveliness ; levity, which 
see. 

VOL-A-TIL-1-Za'TION, n. The act or process of 
rendering volatile. 

V6L'A-TIL-lZE, v. t. To cause to exhale or evap- 
orate ; to render volatile. 

VOL-CaN'IC, a. Pertaining to or produced by a 
volcano ; changed or affected by the heat of a 
volcano. 

VoL'CAN-IST, n. One versed in the phenomena 
and history of volcanoes, &c. 

VoL'CAN-iZE, v. t. To subject to volcanic heat, 
or be affected by it. 

VOL-Ca'NO, n. ; pi. Vol-ga'noes. A mountain 
having internal fire, and emitting smoke aud 
l_ava. 

VoLE, n. A deal at cards that draws all the tricks. 

*VO-LEE' (vo-la'), n. [Fr.] A rapid flight of notes 
in music. 

VO-LI"TION (-Hsh'un), n. Act of willing ; the act 
of determining choice or forming a purpose. — 
Syn. Choice. — Choice is Saxon, and volition Lat- 
in. The former is the familiar, and the latter the 
scientific term for the same state of the will, 
viz., an "elective preference." When we have 
'.' made up our minds" (as we say) to a thing, i. e., 
have a settled state of choice respecting it, that 
state is called an immanent volition; when Ave 
put forth any particular act of choice, that act is 
called an emanent, or executive, or inoperative vo- 
lition. When an " immanent" or settled state of 
choice is one which controls or governs a series 
of actions, we call that state a predominant voli- 
tion ; while we give the name of subordinate vo- 
litions to those particular acts of choice which 



I, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, 



:aee, fab, last, fall, what ; theee, teeai ; maeine, eied ; move, 



VOL 



507 



VUI* 



carry into effect the object sought for by the gov- 
erning or "predominant volition." 

VoL'I-TTVE, a. Having the power to will. 

VdL'LEY, n. ; pi. Vol'eeys. A discharge of small 
arms at once; a night of shot; a burst or emis- 
sion of many things at once. 

"VdL'LEY, v. t. or v. i. To discharge with a volley ; 
to throw out or discharge at once. 

V5LT, n. A round or circular tread ; a gait of two 
treads made by a horse going sideways round a 
center; in fencing, a sudden movement or leap 
to avoid a thrust. 

VOL-Ta'I€, a. Pertaining to Volta, the discover- 
er of Voltaism, or to galvanism. 

V6L'TA-I$M, n. The science of the chemical ac- 
tion of metals and liquids; galvanism. 

+VoL'Ti. lit.] In music, turn over. 

V6L'TI-GEUR (-zhur), n. A light horseman or 
dragoon. 

VOL-u-BiL'I-TY, n. Aptness to roll or capacity 
of being rolled; fluency of speech; liableness to 
revolution. 

VoL'u-BLE (vol'yu-bl), a. Apt or easy to roll ; flu- 
ent in words; flowing with ease and smoothness. 

VoL'u-BLY, ad. With great ease and fluency of 
speech ; glibly. 

VoL'uME (vol'yum), n. Primarily, a roll, as of 
bark, parchment, &c. ; hence, as much as is in- 
cluded in a roll; compass or dimensions; a col- 
lection of sheets bound together so as to form a 
book ; tone or power of voice. 

VO-Lu'MI-NOUS, a. Consisting of numerous coils 
or complications, or of many rolls or volumes; 
having written much. 

VO-Lu'MI-NOUS-LY, ad. In many volumes. 

V6LTN-TA-RI-LY, ad. Of one's own free will. 

VoL'UN-TA-RY, a. Acting or having power to 
act by choice; willing; purposed or intended; 
spontaneous; subject to the will. 

VoL'UN-TA-RY, n. An air played at will ; a com- 
position for the organ ; one who engages in any 
affair of his own free will. [choice. 

VOL-UN-TEER,', n. One who serves by his own 

VOL-UN-TEER', a. Free ; proceeding from choice. 

VOL-UN-TEER', v. i. To engage in service vol- 
untarily, or without solicitation or compulsion. 

VOL-UN-TEER', v. t. To offer or bestow volun- 
tarily. 

VO-LuPT'u-A-RY (vo-liipt'yu-a-ry), n. One given 
to luxury. — Svn. Sensualist; epicure. 

VO-LuPT'u-OUS (vo-lupt'yu-us), a. Luxurious; 
indulging to excess in sensual pleasures. 

VO-LCPT'u-OUS-LY, ad. In a luxurious manner ; 
sensually. 

VO-LuPT'u-OUS-NESS, n. Free indulgence of 
the appetites ; luxuriousness. 

VO-LuTE', n. A spiral scroll used in building ; a 
peculiar shell-fish, prized for the beauty and rar- 
ity of the shells. 

VO-LuT'ED, a. Having a volute or spiral scroll. 

VO-Lu'TION, n. A spiral turn or wreath. 

V6M'I-€A, n. An abscess in the lungs. 

VoM'IT, v. i. To eject the contents of the stom- 
ach by the month. 

VoM'IT, v. t. To throw up or eject with violence. 

VoM'IT, n. A medicine that excites vomiting ; 
the matter ejected from the stomach. 

V6M'IT-ING, n. The act of ejecting the contents 
of the stomach through the mouth, or of throw- 
ing out substances with violence, as lava from a 
crater, &c. [iting. 

VO-Mi"TION (-mish'un), n. Act or power of vom- 

VQM'I-TO-RY \ a ' Causin S to vomit ; emetic. 

VO-Mi'TO (-m'e'to), n. [Sp.] Yellow fever. 

V6M'I-TO-RY, n. An emetic ; a door of a large 
building by which the crowd is let out. 

VO-Ra'CIOUS (-ra'shus),a. Very hungry; greedy 
to eat or eager to devour Syn. Ravenous ; rapa- 
cious; greedy. 



VO-Ra'CIOUS-LY, ad. With greedy appetite ; 
ravenously. 

VO-Ra'CIOU3-NESS,\ n. Greediness of appetite; 

VO-RaC'1-TY, j eagerness to devour; ra- 

paciousness. 

VO-RA6'I-NOUS, a. Full of gulfs. 

VoR'TEX, n. ; pi. Vok'ti-oes or Vor'tex-es. A 
whirlpool; a whirling motion of water, forming a 
cavity in the center; a whirlwind. 

VoR'TI-€AL, a. Having a whirling motion. 

V6R'TI-CEL, n. The name of certain wheel ani- 
malcules, which, by a rapid motion of organs, 
create a vortex in the water, and thus draw in 
their food. 

Vo'TA-RESS, n. A female devoted to any service, 
worship, or state of life. 

Vo'TA-RIST, n. A votary. 

Vo'TA-RY, n. One devoted by vow to any service 
or course of life. 

Vo'TA-RY, a. Devoted ; given up ; consecrated 
by a vow or promise. 

VoTE, n. Expression of a wish, will, or prefer- 
ence ; voice ; suffrage in election ; that by which 
a choice is expressed, as a ballot, &c. ; united 
voice in public prayer. 

VoTE, v. i. To express the will by the voice or by 
a written ticket, as in elections. 

VoTE, v. t. To choose by suffrage ; to establish 
by vote ; to grant by vote or expression of will. 

VoT'ER, n. One entitled to vote. 

Vo'TIVE, a. Given by vow; vowed; devoted. 

Vo'TIVE-LY, ad. By vow. 

VOUCH, v. t. To call to witness; to maintain by 
affirmations; to establish proof; to call to war- 
ranty. — Syn. To affirm ; declare ; attest ; warrant ; 
confirm; aver; protest; assure. 

VOUCH, v. i. To bear witness; to give testimony 
or full attestation. 

VOUCH, n. Warrant; attestation. 

VOUCH-EE', n. He who is called in to warrant. 

VOUCH'ER, n. One who gives witness; a paper 
that confirms any thing, particularly the truth 
of accounts. 

VOUCH-SaFE', v. t. or v. i. To permit to be done ; 
to deign; to condescend; to yield. 

VOUCH-SaFE'MENT,w. Grant in condescension. 

VOW, n. A solemn or religious promise to God or 
some heathen deity of something to be given or 
done. 

VOW, v. t. or v. i. To consecrate by promise, or 
dedicate to God or some heathen deity; to make 
vows, &c. 

VOWEL, n. A simple sound, as a, e, o. 

VOW'EL, a. Vocal ; pertaining to a simple sound. 

VO Y'AgE, n. A passing by sea or water from one 
place or port to another. 

VOY'AgE, v. i. To sail or pass by water from one 
place, port, or country to another. [water. 

VOY'A-gER, n. One passing or who travels by 

VOY'A-GEUR (vwa'yii-zhur), n. [Fr.] The Cana- 
dian name for men employed in transporting 
goods by rivers, &c, in the service of the fur 
companies of the northwest. 

VOY'OL, n. A long rope used in weighing an- 
chor, written also viol. 

VuL'CAN, n. The fabled author of smiths' work ; 
the heathen god who presided over the working 
of metals. 

VUL-Ca'NI-AN, a. Relating to Vulcan ; in geolo- 
gy, the same as Plutonian, as related to the ig- 
neous origin of rocks, &c. 

VuL'CA-NiZE, v. t. A term used to denote the 
process of hardening India-rubber by treating it 
with heated sulphur. 

VuL'GAR, a. Pertaining to or used by common 
people ; used by all classes of people ; public ; 
consisting of common people; offensively mean 
or low; rude. — Syn. Common; ordinary; mean; 
rustic; unrefined. 

VuL'GAR, n. The lowest class of people. 



dove, wolf, book; rule, bull; vi"cious. — € as k; g as j ; s as z ; ch as bh ; this. * Ao£ English. 



VUL 



508 



WAK 



VuL'GAR-I$M, n. A vulgar expression. 

VUL-GaR'I-TY, n. State of being low in life; 
rudeness; grossness of manners; clownishness. 

VuL'GAR-IZE, v. t. To make vulgar. 

VOL'GAR-LY, ad. Commonly; meanly; rudely. 

VuL'GATE, n. An ancient Latin version of the 
Scriptures, and the only one the Roman Church 
admits to be authentic. 

VuL'GATE, a. Relating to the Vulgate. 

VUL-NER-A-BiL'I-TY, I n. State of being vul- 

VCL'NER-A-BLE-NESS,f nerable. 

VuL'NER-A-BLE, a. That may be wounded; lia- 
ble to injury or to be injuriously affected. 

VuL'NER-A-RY, a. Useful in curing wounds. 

VOL'PINE (vul'pin), a. Pertaining to the fox; 
crafty. [and very greedy. 

VuLT'uRE (vult'vur), n. A large bird, rapacious 

VOLt'-OR gf I ^ t '™- rin H a. Like the vulture; 
VCLT'OR-OUS, ) spacious. 



"W. 



T/\7" is formed from the union of two Vs, the form 
* ' of the Roman capital letter JJ. It is either a 
vowel, or, in beginning words or syllables, a con- 
sonant. With other vowels it forms diphthongs, 
as now, few. 

WAB'BLE (wob'bl), v. i. To move from side to 
side when turning; to vacillate, as a whirling 
body. 

"WAB'BLE, n. A hobbling, unequal motion. 

WaCK'E, n. A rock ; a soft and earthy variety 
of basalt. 

WAD (wod), n. Paper, tow, &c, to keep the charge 
in a gun ; a little mass, tuft, or bundle of hay, 
&c. ; an earthy oxyd of manganese ; plumbago. 

WAD'DING, n. A wad or its materials; a soft 
stuff ; also sheets of carded cotton for stuffing 
garments, &c. 

WAD'DLE (wod'dl), v. t. To walk like a duck, 
moving from one side to the other. 

WAD'DLER, n. One that waddles. 

WaDE, v. i. or v. t. To walk through any sub- 
stance that yields to the feet, as water; to move 
or pass with difficulty or labor. 

WAD'Y (wod'y), n. \_Ar.~] The channel of a wa- 
ter-course in Eastern countries, dry except in the 
rainy season. 

Wa'FER, n. A thin cake or leaf, especially of 
bread, used in the Lord's Supper in the Roman 
Catholic Church ; a thin leaf of dried paste for 
sealing papers ; a thin cake baked hard in an iron 
frame. 

Wa'FER, v. t. To seal with a wafer. 

WAF'FLE (wof'fl), n. A soft, indented cake, 
baked on the coals in an instrument called a waf- 
fle-iron. 

WaFT (6), v. t. or v. i. To bear through a fluid, 
water, or air; to convey, as ships; to float in a 
buoyant medium ; to cause to float. — Syn. To 
float; swim; fly. • 

WAFT, n. A floating body; a signal. 

WaFT'AgE, n. Carriage by air or water. 

WAFT'ER, n. He or that which wafts. 

WAG, n. A merry, droll fellow ; one full of low 
sport and humor. 

WaG, v. t. or v. i. To move one way and the oth- 
er ; to be quick and ludicrous in motion ; to pack 
off; to go ; to be moved one way and the other. 

WagE, v. t. To lay a wager ; to put to hazard or 
stake; to engage in. 

Wa'gER, n. Something deposited or hazarded on 
the event of a contest, &c. ; a bet; subject on 
which bets are laid ; in law, an offer to make oath 
of innocence or of non -indebtedness. 

Wa'GER, v. t. or v. i. To hazard on a contest; 
to offer a bet. 



Wa'gER-ER, n. One who wages or lays a bet. 

Wa'gES, n. pi. That which is paid or stipulated 
for services; that which is given or received in 
return.— Syn. Hire; stipend; salary; pay; rec- 
ompense. 

WaG'GER-Y, n. Mischievous merriment ; sar- 
casm in good humor; sportive trick or gayety. 

WaG'GISH, a. Mischievous or roguish in sport; 
done, made, or laid in sport. — Syn. Sportive; 
merry ; roguish ; droll ; frolicsome. 

WaG'GISH-LY, ad. In sport; with drollery. 

WaG'GISH-NESS, n. Mischievous sport ; wanton 
merriment; drollery. 

WaG'GLE (wag'gl), v. i. or v. t. To waddle ; to 
move quickly one way and the other; to reel 
from side to side. 

WaG'ON, n. A vehicle on four wheels for trans- 
portation. 

WaG'ON, v. t. To convey in a wagon. 

WAG'ON, v. i. To practice the transportation of 
goods in a wagon. 

WaG'ON-AgE, n. Money paid for carriage in a 
wagon. [wagon. 

WaG'ON-ER, n. One who conducts or drives a 

WAG'ON-ING, n. The business of transporting in 
a wagon. 

WaG'TaIL, n. A small bird of several species, 
so named from the incessant motion of its tail. 

WaIF (wafe), n. Goods thrown away or having no 
known owner. 

WaIL (wale), v. t. or v. i. To lament with out- 
cry ; to express sorrow audibly. — Syn. To moan ; 
weep ; grieve ; bewail. 

WaIL, \ n. Loud weeping ; violent lamenta- 

WaIL'ING,/ tion. 

WaIL'FUL, a. Sorrowful ; mournful. 

WaIL'ING-LY, ad. Like one Availing. 

WaIN (wane), n. A wagon for the carriage of 
goods ; a constellation, Charles' wain. 

WaIN'-RoPE, n. A cart-rope; a rope for binding 
a_load on a wagon. 

WaIN'SCOT, n. A lining of rooms, made of 
boards in panel work. 

WaIN'SCOT, v. t. To line with boards or panels ; 
to line with different materials. 

WaIST (waste), n. The part of the body below 
the ribs ; the middle of a ship. 

WaIST'BAND, n. The band of breeches, trow- 
sers, &c. 

WaIST'-CLoTHS, n. pi. Coverings of canvas or 
tarpaulin for the hammocks stowed on the gang- 
ways in the waist of the ship. 

WaIST'CoAT, n. A garment to be worn under 
the coat ; a vest, which see. 

WaIT (wfite), v. t. or v. i. To stay for or rest in 
expectation of; to remain station ary till an arriv- 
al; to stay proceedings or suspend business; not 
to depart ; to stay because hindered ; to lie in am- 
bush ; to accompany with submission or respect. 
— Syn. To attend ; expect ; watch ; stay for. 

WaIT (wate), n. Ambush; to lie in wait is to lie 
in ambush ; to lay wait, to set an ambush. 

WaIT'ER, n. An attending servant ; a server. 

WaIT'ING, n. The act of staying in expectation; 
attendance. _ 

WaIT'ING-MaID, ) n. An upper servant who 

WaIT'ING- WoM-AN. / attends a lady. 

WaITS, n. pi. Nocturnal itinerant musicians at 
Christmas. 

WAIVE (wave), v. t. To relinquish ; not to insist 
oji ; to put off. See Wave. [or claim. 

WaIV'ER, n. The act of not insisting on a right 

WaKE, v. t. Primarily, to stir, rouse, or excite; 
hence, to rouse from sleep ; to put in motion or 
action ; to bring to life again. 

WaKE, v. i. To be aAvake ; to watch ; to be ex- 
cited or roused from sleep ; to be roused from a 
torpid state. 

WaKE, n. The anniversary of the dedication of a 
church, formerly observed by watching all night ; 



A, e, &c, long. — I, S, &c, short. — care, fae, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, Bird; move. 



WAK 



509 



WAK 



the sitting up with a dead body all night; act of 
waking ; track of a vessel in the water. 

WaKE'FITL. a. Unable to sleep; indisposed to 
sleep or not sleeping; watchful. 

WaKE'FUL-LY, ad. With watching or sleepless- 
ness. 

WaKE'FUL-NESS, n. Indisposition to sleep; for- 
bearance of sleep ; want of sleep. 

WaK'EN (wfi'kn), v. t. or v. i. To excite or rouse 
from sleep or into action ; to cease to sleep ; to 
be awakened. 

WaK'JNG, n L The period of being awake. 

WAL-DeN'Se$, n. A sect of Christians, with Prot- 
estant principles, in the valleys of Piedmont. 

WaLE, n. A rising part in cloth ; a stripe or 
streak ; the mark of a rod or whip on animal 
flesh ; in the plural, ivales are an assemblage of 
strong planks extending along the whole length 
of a ship's sides ; circles foi-med in the water and 
extending on dropping in a pebble, &c. 

WALK (wauk), v. i. To go or to advance by steps 
moderately ; to move slowly ; to move or go for 
exercise or amusement; v. t. to pass through or 
upon ; to cause to walk or step slowly ; to lead or 
drive with a slow pace. 

WALK (wauk), n. Act of moving by steps ; man- 
ner of walking ; length of way or place for walk- 
ing; course of life or pursuit; the slowest pace 
of a horse ; high and dry land for pasture, as a 
sheep-ivalk. — Syn. Carriage ; way ; path ; range, 
&c. 

WALK'ER, n. One that walks; a forester; one 
who deports himself in a particular manner. 

WALK'ING, n. The act of moving on in a slow 
pace. 

WALL, n. A work of brick or stone for a fence or 
security; the side of a building; ivalls, in the 
plural, is used for fortifications in general. 

WALL, v. t. To inclose or fill up with a wall ; to 
defend by walls. 

WAL'LET (wol'let), n. A bag for carrying any 
thing for a journey or march; a small pocket- 
book. 

WALL'-ETE, n. A disease in the eye ; a gray eye. 

WALL'-Evi?D (-Ide), a. Having white eyes. 

WALL'-FRuIT, n. Fruit ripened by being plant- 
ed along a wall. 

WAL'LOP (wol'lup), v. i. To boil with continued 
bubbling ; to beat or thrash a person. 

WAL'LoW (wol'16), v. i. To roll on the earth ; to 
tumble; to move heavily; to live in filth or 
gross vice. 

WAL'LoW, n. A rolling or particular walk. 

WAL'LoW-ER, n. One who rolls in the mire, &c. ; 
a small wheel or pinion in machinery. 

WAL'NUT (waul'nut), n. A fruit with a hard shell. 

WAL'RUS, n. The morse or sea-horse. 

WALTZ (waults), n. A German national dance 
and the music by which accompanied. 

WALTZ, v. i. To dance a waltz. 

WALTZ'ING, n. The act of dancing a waltz. 

WAM'BLE (wom'bl), v. i. To be disturbed with 
nausea. 

WAM'PUM (wom'pum), n. Shells, or strings of 
shells, used as current money by the Indians. 

WAN (won), a. Pale and sickly ; yellowish ; lan- 
guid. 

WAND, n. A long slender staff or rod; a rod of 
authority or of a conjurer. 

WAN'DER (won'der), v. i. To ramble here and 
there with no definite object or course; to go 
astray ; to leave home ; to depart from a subject, 
or from duty or rectitude; to be delirious. — Syn. 
To rove; roam; range; stroll; stray; err. 

WAN'DER-ER, n. A rover; a rambler; one who 
deviates from duty. 

WAN'DER-ING, a. Roving ; deviating from duty. 
— Syn. Erratic; vagrant; rambling. 

WAN'DER-ING, n. A roving or traveling without 
a settled course ; deviation from duty; the roving 



of the thoughts, or of the mind in a dream or de- 
lirium ; want of being fixed. 

WAND'Y (won'dy), a. Long and flexible, like a 
wand. 

WaNE, v. i. To be diminished; to decrease. 

WaNE, n. Decrease of the light part of the moon ; 
diminution. — Syn. Decline; decrease; failure; 
declension. 

WAN'LY (won'ly), ad. With a sickly look or 
manner. 

WAN'NESS (won'ness), n. Paleness, with a cast 
of yellow. 

WAN'NLSH (won'nish), a. Somewhat wan; of a 
pale hue. 

WANT (waunt), n. The absence of what is nec- 
essary and useful; the effect of deficiency; the 
state of not having; that which is not possessed 
but is desired; need; necessity; lack; deficien- 
cy; poverty; penury; scarcity; indigence, which 
see. 

WANT (waunt), v. t. To be destitute of; to be de- 
ficient in ; not to have or be without; to have oc- 
casion ; to wish for ; to fall short. 

WANT, v. i. To fall short; to be deficient. 

WANT'AgE (waunt'aje), n. Deficiency; what is 
wanting. 

WANTING, a. Absent ; deficient ; slack. 

WANT'LESS, a. Having no want ; abundant. 

WAN'TON (won'tun), a. Roving in sport ; mov- 
ing, flying, or playing loosely; wandering from 
rectitude ; indulging sensuality without restraint ; 
running to excess ; extravagant ; not turned or 
formed with regularity.— Syn. Sportive; skittish; 
frisky; lascivious; licentious; unrestrained. 

WAN'TON, n. A lewd person ; a trifler. 

WAN'TON, v. i. To rove and ramble without re- 
straint ; to move briskly and irregularly ; to play 
loosely ; to be lascivious. 

WAN'TON-LY, ad. Without regularity or re- 
straint ; sportively ; loosely ; lasciviously. 

WAN'TON-NESS, n. Reckless sport ; negligence 
of restraint ; lewdness ; licentiousness. — Syn. 
Levity ;' frolicsomeness ; sportiveness ; lascivious- 
ness; extravagance. 

WAR, n. A contest between states or nations car- 
ried on by force ; the profession of arms ; art of 
war; hostility; enmity; disposition to conten- 
tion. 

WAR, v. i. To make or carry on war ; to attack a 
nation or state with force of arms; to be in a 
state of opposition ; to strive violently. 

WAR'BLE, v. t. or v. i. To quaver or modulate 
the sound of the voice with turns and variations ; 
to utter musically ; to be governed or modulated ; 
to sing or carol as a bird. 

WAR'BLE, n. A quavering modulation of the 
voice, as of a bird ; a song. 

WAR'BLER, n. A singing bird. 

WAR'BL^S (wor'blz), n. pi. Small tumors on a 

WARB'LING, n. The act of shaking or modula- 
ting notes; singing. 

WARD, n. Act of guarding ; guard made by a 
weapon in fencing ; fortress ; one whose business 
is to watch and defend ; a district or division of 
a city, &c, and so likewise of a hospital ; confine- 
ment under guard ; part of a lock ; a person un- 
der a guardian. — Syn. Watch ; stronghold ; cus- 
tody; imprisonment; guardianship. 

WARD, v. t. or v. i. To guard ; to defend against 
attack ; to repel ; to fend off; to be vigilant ; to 
act on the defensive. 

WARDEN (wor'dn), n. An officer for guarding; 
a keeper. 

WARD'#N-SHIP,? „ 

WARD'^'N-RY, f n * 

WARD'ER, ?i. A keeper ; a guard ; a truncheon 
by which fight was forbidden. 

WARD'RoBE, n. A room or portable closet for 
keeping apparel ; wearing apparel in general. 



The office of warden. 



dove, wolf, book ; eule, buel ; vi"cious. — e as k ; <i as j ; s as z ; en as sh ; this. * Not English. 



WAR 



510 



WAS 



WARD'-ROOM, n. A room in ships where the 
principal officers mess and sleep. 

AYARD'SHIP, n. Guardianship ; care and pro- 
tection of a ward ; right of guardianship ; pupil- 
age. 

"WARD '-STAFF, n. A constable's or watchman's 
staff. 

WARE (4), v. t. Ipret. Wore.] To change a ship's 
course by turning her stern to the wind. See 
Weak. 

WARE'HOUSE, n. A storehouse for goods. 

WARE'HOUSE, v. t. To deposit in store; to place 
in custom-house stores to be kept till the duties 
are paid. [ties. 

WARES, n. pi. Goods; merchandise; commodi- 

WAR'FARE, n. Military service; conflict; con- 
test ; struggle with spiritual enemies. 

WAR'I-LY, ad. With caution or wise foresight; 
cautiously; prudently. 

WAR'I-NESS, n. Prudent care to foresee and 
guard against evil. — Syn. Caution; cautiousness; 
watchfulness ; foresight ; circumspection. 

WAR'LiKE, a. Adapted to war ; pertaining to 
war; having a martial appearance. — Syn. Hos- 
tile ; soldierly ; soldier-like ; military ; martial, 
which see. 

WARM, a. Having moderate heat; subject to 
heat; having a lively interest ; easily excited or 
provoked ; marked by great ardor and activity ; 
busy or heated in action ; enthusiastic or vigor- 
ous. — Syn. Ardent ; fervent ; cordial ; irritable ; 
furious. 

WARM, v. t. or v. i. To heat or become heated 
moderately; to make engaged or earnest; to en- 
gage ; to become ardent or animated. 

WARM'ING-PAN, n. A covered pan with a long 
handle containing coals of fire for warming a bed. 

WARM'LY, ad. With warmth ; zealously. 

WARMTH, \ n. Moderate heat ; a state of 

WARM'NESS,) lively or excited interest; some 
degree of anger or resentment; fancifulness ; en- 
thusiasm. 

WARN, v. t. To give notice of approaching dan- 
ger; to caution against any thing injurious or 
evil practices ; to admonish of duty ; to notify by 
authority. 

WARN'ER, n. An admonisher. 

WARN'ING, n. Caution against danger, &c. ; 
previous notice. 

WARP, n. Thread that runs lengthwise in a loom ; 
a rope used in towing. 

WARP, v. t. or v. i. To turn ; to twist or be twist- 
ed out of a straight direction ; to turn or incline 
from a straight course ; to tow or move with a 
line attached to buoys, anchors, &c. ; to prepare 
the warp of webs for weaving. 

WAR'-PROOF, n. Valor tried by war. 

WAR'RANT (wor'rant), n. An act or instrument 
investing one with right or authority; a precept 
for arresting a person ; authority ; voucher ; 
right. 

WAR'RANT (wor'rant), v. t. To authorize or jus- 
tify; to maintain; to secure; to declare with 
great assurance. 

WAR'RANT- A-BLE, a. Justifiable; legal. 

WAR'RANT-A-BLE-NESS, n. Quality of being 
j ustifiahle. 

WAR'RANT-A-BLY, ad. Justifiably. 

WAR-RAN-TEE' (wor-ran-tee'), n. The person to 
whom land or other thing is warranted. 

WAR'RANT-ER, n. One who gives authority or 
legally empowers. 

WAR'RANT-OR, n. One who warrants. 

WAR'RAN-TY (wor'ran-ty), n. A covenant of se- 
curity; a promise by deed ; authority; security. 

WAR'REN (wor'ren), n. An inclosed place for 
rabbits, for beasts and fowls, or for keeping fish 
in a river. 

WAR'RIOR (wor'yur), n. A military man; a 
brave soldier. 



WART, n. A hard excrescence on the flesh ; pro- 
tuberance on trees. 

WART' Y, a. Overgrown with warts; like a wart. 

WAR'-WHOOP (not whoop), n. A savage yell 
used in war. 

WAR'Y or Wa'RY, a. Avoiding danger; watch- 
ing and guarding against deception, artifices, ,&c. 
— Syn. Cautious ; circumspect ; prudent ; watch- 
ful. 

WAS (woz), past tense of the substantive verb Am. 

WASH (wosh), v. t. To cleanse by the use of wa- 
ter ; to wet ; to overflow ; to scrub ; to overlay 
by a thin coat of metal. 

WASH, v. i. . To perform the act of ablution. 

WASH (wosh), n. Alluvial matter, as the wash of 
a river ; a marsh or fen ; a cosmetic, as a wash 
for the face ; waste liquor ; coat of metal ; act of 
washing or quantity washed. 

WASH'-BALL, n. A ball of soap used in washing 
the hands and face. 

WASH'-BoARD, n. A board next the floor ; more 
correctly, the surbase, or one on the top of a boat ; 
a board used to rub clothes on in washing. 

WASH'ER, n. One that washes; an iron ring be- 
tween the nave of a wheel and the linch-pm, or 
between the surface of wood, &c, and the head 
or nut of a bolt ; in paper manufacture, a ma- 
chine for reducing rags to pulp. 

WASH'ER-WoM-AN (wosh'-), n. A woman who 
washes clothes. 

WASHING (wosh'-), n. The act of cleansing with 
water; a wash ; the clothes washed. 

WASH'Y (wosh'y), a. Watery; weak; not solid; 
not firm and hardy. 

WASP (wosp), n. A genus of insects with a sting ; 
a petulant person. 

WASP'ISH, la. Quick to resent any trifling af- 

WASP'LlKE, j front ; having a very slender 
waist, like a wasp.— Syn. Snappish ; peevish ; 
petulant ; cross ; irritable. 

WASP'ISH-LY, ad. In a peevish manner. 

WASPTSH-NESS, n. Readiness to take offense 
or resent a slight affront. — Syn. Irritability; iras- 
cibility; petulance; peevishness. 

WAS'SAIL (wos'sil), n. A liquor made of ap- 
ples, sugar, and ale; a drunken bout; a merry 
song. 

WAS'SAIL, V. i. To hold a merry drinking meet- 
ing. 

WaSTE. v. t. To destroy by violence ; to impair, 
diminish, or cause to be lost ; to expend need- 
lessly; to lose by want of use. — Syn. To spend; 
dissipate; squander; consume; destroy. 

WaSTE, v. i. To dwindle; to lose bulk or sub- 
stance ; to be consumed. 

WaSTE, a. Destroyed; stripped; that which is 
rejected, used only for mean purposes of which 
no account is taken. — Syn. Destitute ; worthless ; 
superfluous ; unproductive ; desolate ; wild ; un- 
cultivated. 

WaSTE, n. The act of squandering ; the dissipa- 
tion of property through negligence, wantonness, 
or luxury, &c. ; a desolate or uncultivated coun- 
try; destruction or mischief done to property. — 
Syn. Prodigality; loss; devastation; havoc; des- 
ojation. 

WaSTE'-BOOK, n. Among merchants, a book for 
rough entries of transactions. 

WaSTE'FUL, a. Expending property, &c, with- 
out necessity or use ; destructive to property, &c. 
— Syn. Lavish; profuse; prodigal; extravagant. 

WaSTE'FUL-LY, ad. Lavishly ; with useless ex- 
pense. 

WaSTE'FUL-NESS, n. Useless expense ; prodi- 
gality ; act or practice of expending what is val- 
uable without necessity. — Syn. Lavishness ; pro- 
fuseness ; profusion ; dissipation ; extravagance. 

WaSTE'-GaTE, n. A gate to discharge water 
from a pond. 

WaSTE'-PiPE, n. A pipe to let off useless water. 



e, &c, lonj.- 



short — caei:, Fin, last, f ; vll, what ; these, tekji ; mae'ine, bied ; move, 



WAS 



ill 



WAY 



WaST'ER, n. One who squanders property with- 
out use. 

WATCH (wotch),n. Forbearance of sleep ; one set 
apart to protect or give the alarm : a certain num- 
ber in a ship to attend to the working of the ves- 
sel while others sleep ; sentinel ; pocket time- 
piece ; time of guarding ; attention. 

WATCH v. t. To have in keeping; to observe for 
some purpose; to guard. 

WATCH, v. i. To be or continue -without 6leep ; 
to be awake ; to look with attention or steadiness ; 
to keep guard, as a sentinel ; to take care of the 
sick at night ; to be attentive, for a good or evil 
end. 

WATCH'ER, n. One who watches or observes ; 
one who sits up or continues awake. 

WATCH'FUL, a. Careful to observe ; guarding 
with attention and caution. — Syn. Vigilant; cau- 
tious; wakeful; observing; attentive; heedful; 
circumspect ; observant. 

WATCH'FUL-LY (wotch'ful-ly), ad. With 
watchfulness and care. 

WATCH'FUL-NESS, n. Great care to guard 
against danger ; indisposition or inability to 
sleep ; diligent observation. — Syn. Vigilance ; 
needfulness ; wakefulness ; circumspection ; cau- 
tiousness. 

WATCH'-HOUSE (wo tch '-house), n. A house in 
which a watch or guard is placed. 

WATCH'-LiGHT, n. A candle with a rush wick. 

WATCH '-MaK'ER, n. One who makes watches. 

WATCH'MAN, B. A night-guard. 

WATCH'-TOW-ER (wotch'-), n. A tower for a 
sentinel. 

WATCH'- W6RD (wotch'-wurd), n. A sentinel's 
night-word to ascertain if passers-by are friends 
or foes. 

WA'TER (wau'ter), n. A transparent fluid com- 
posed of oxygen and hydrogen ; the ocean ; a sea ; 
a lake or river ; urine ; the luster of a diamond. 

WA'TER, v. t. or v. i. To give or take in water ; 
to irrigate ; to shed water or liquid matter. 

WATER-€XRT, n. A cart bearing water for 
sprinkling streets. 

WA'TER-jCeM'ENT, n. A cement of a particular 
kind of lime which hardens under water. 

WA'TER-CLoS'ET, n. A necessary, furnished 
with a contrivance for carrying off the discharges 
by means of a pipe and a stream of water. 

WA'TER-CoL-ORS (-kul-lurz), n. pi. Colors di- 
luted and mixed with gum-water. 

WATER-COURSE, n. A channel for water. 

WATI^R-CRESS, n. A creeping, agreeably-fla- 
vored plant, used as a relish for breakfast, &c. 

WATER-FALL, n. A cascade ; a cataract, 

WA'TER-GaUgEJ n. An instrument for meas- 

WA'TER-GagE, f uring the quantity of wa- 
ter, &c. 

WA'TER-GRu'EL, n. A liquid food made from 
water and meal boiled. 

WATER-I-NESS, n. A state of abounding in wa- 
ter: moisture; humidity. 

WATER-ING, n. The act of overflowing or wet- 
ting with water; the act of supplying with wa- 
ter, or place where it is supplied. 

WATER-ISH, a. Resembling water; somewhat 
watery ; moist ; thin. 

WA'TER-ISH-NESS, n. Thinness, as of a liquor ; 
resemblance to water. 

WATER-LESS, a. Destitute of water. 

WATER-LEVEL, n. The level formed by the 
surface of still water. 

WA'TER-LIL-Y, n. The common name of aquat- 
ic plants with beautiful and large floating flow- 
ers. 

WATER-LINE, n. A horizontal line supposed to 
be drawn about the ship's bottom at the surface 
ot the water. 

WATER-LoG-G-ED (-logd), a. Lying like a lo- 
on the water, as a leaky, unmanageable ship. 



WATER-MAN, n. A boatman; a ferryman. 

WATER-MARK, n. The mark or limit of the rise 
of the flood ; a mark made in paper. 

WA'TER-M EL'ON, n. A delicious fruit. 

WATER-MiLL, n. A mill driven by water. 

WATER-POT, n. A vessel to hold water. 

WA'TER-PROOF, a. Not admitting water to en- 
ter. 

WATER-RAM, n. A machine for raising water 
by the momentum of a larger stream. 

WATER-ROT, v. f. To rot in water, as flax. 

WATER-SHED, n. A range of high land from 
which water flows in different directions. 

WATER-SOAK, v. U To fill the interstices with 
water. 

WATER-SPOUT, n. A whirling column of wa- 
ter at sea, but sometimes over land. 

WATER-TIGHT (-tlte), a. So tight as not to ad- 
mit water. 

WATER-WORKS (-wurks), n. pi. Hydraulic 
machines or engines for raising and sustaining 
water, forming fountains, jets, &c. 

WA'TER- Y, a. Resembling water ; thin or trans- 
parent; tasteless; containing or abounding with 
water. — Syn. Aqueous ; humid ; damp ; dark ; 
washy. 

WATTLE (wot'tl), n. A twig or flexible rod ; a 
hurdle; the fleshy excrescence that grows under 
the throat of a cock or turkey ; a rod laid on a 
roof to support the thatch. 

WATTLE (wot'tl), v. t. To bind with twigs; to 
twist or interweave twigs one with another. 

WAUL, v. i. To cry as a cat. 

WaVE, n. A moving swell of water ; a billow ; 
usually a swell raised and driven by wind ; ine- 
quality of surface ; the line or streak of luster on 
watered or calendered cloth. — Sy>\ Billow ; surge ; 
breaker ; inequality ; unevenness. 

WaVE, v. i. To play loosely ; to be moved ; to 
fluctuate; v. t. to move one way and the other; 
to brandish ; to waft ; to beckon. 

WaVE, v. t. To put off ; to relinquish. See 
Waive. 

WaVE'LESS, a. Free from waves ; undisturbed. 

WaVE'LET, n. A little wave. 

WaVE'-6F-FER-ING, n. An offering made with 
waving toward the four cardinal points. 

Wa'VER, v. i. To move to and fro ; to be unde- 
termined or unsteady ; to be in danger of failing. 
— Syn. To hesitate ; vacillate ; totter ; reel ; fluc- 
tuate, which see. 

Wa'VER-ER, n. One unsettled in opinions. 

Wa'VER-IXG-NESS, n. The state and quality of 
being wavering. 

Wa'VY, a. Playing to and fro ; undulating. 

WAX, n. A thick, tenacious substance excreted 
by bees, and used in making their cells ; also a 
secretion in the ear; a production of certain 
plants, as the ivax-palm; a material for sealing 
letters, &c. ; a preparation of pitch used by shoe- 
makers for strengthening their thread. 

WAX, v. i. Ipret. Waxed ; j)p. Waxed or Waxen.] 
To grow ; to increase; to pass from one state to 
another. 

WAX, v. t. To smear or rub with wax. 

wll'-I&GHT^i n - A caQdle 0f ™- 

WAX'i?N (53) (wak'sn), a. Resembling wax; 
made of wax. 

WAX'-eND, ) n. A thread pointed with a 

WAXUD'-EXD, ) bristle and covered with shoe- 
makers' wax. used in sewing shoes. 

WAX'-MYR-TLE, n. A North American shrub, 
the berries of which yield a kind of tallow or 
wax, called also the candle-berry and bay-berry. 

WAX'-PaLM, n. A palm in South America whose 
stem is covered with wax. [wax. 

WAX'VORK (waks'wurk), n. Figures formed of 

WAX'Y, a. Soft like wax ; adhesive. 

WAY (wa), n. A passage ; length of space ; course 



dove, wolf, dook ; eule, uull ; vi"cious. — e as k ; g as j ; $ as z ; ch as su ; tuis. "*" Sot English. 



WAY 



512 



WED 



of life; means; manner; general course of act- 
ing; manner of thinking; scheme of manage- 
ment. — Syn. Route; method; system; form; 
fashion ; road, which see. 

WaY'-BiLL, n. A list of passengers in a stage- 
coach, &c. 

WIY'FAR-ER, n. A traveler; a passenger. 

WaY'FAR-ING, a. Traveling or passing. 

WAY'LAY (wfi'lii), v. t. To beset or lie in ambush 
for ; to watch insidiously in the way with a view 
to seize, rob, or slay. 

WaY'LESS (wa'less), a. Having no road or path ; 
trackless. 

WaY'MaRK, n. A mark to guide travelers. 

WAY' WARD, a. Liking his own way; froward ; 
unruly; perverse. 

WaY'WARD-LY (wa'ward-ly), ad. Frowardly; 
perversely. 

WAY'WARD-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
frowardness; unruliness; perverseness. 

WaY'WoDE, \ n. In the Ottoman Empire, the 

WaI'WoDE, J governor of a small town or 
province. 

We, pron.,2rfu. of I. 

WeAK (week), a. Having little physical strength, 
or not able to bear a great weight ; not strong or 
able to resist; not stiff; feeble of mind, or want- 
ing spirit or understanding, &c. ; not having the 
force of authority, moral force, or supported by 
argument, or full conviction and confidence. — 
Syn. Infirm ; debilitated ; soft ; pliant ; feeble ; 
unfortified ; inconclusive. 

WeAK'jBN (we'kn), v. L or v. i. To make weak; 
to reduce in strength or spirit; to grow weak. 

WeAK'£N-ER (we'kn-er), n. He or that which 
weakens. 

WeAK'LING, n. A weak person. 

WeAK'LY, ad. With little strength or efficacy. 

WeAK'LY, a. Infirm ; not strong in constitution 
or mind. 

WeAK'NESS, n. Want of physical strength ; want 
of health ; want of sprightliness or steadiness ; 
infirmity ; want of moral force. — Syn. Feeble- 
ness ; debility ; languor ; imbecility ; frailty ; 
faintness. 

WeAK'SiDE, n. A foible ; defect ; infirmity. 

WeAL (weel), n. A sound or prosperous state, or 
not declining; public interest. — Syn. Happiness; 
prosperity; welfare. 

WEALTH (welth), n. External happiness; large 
possessions in money or land. — Syn. Riches; af- 
fluence ; opulence ; abundance. 

WeALTH'I-LY (w51th'e-ly), ad. Richly; with 
abundance. 

WeALTH'1-NESS, n. State of being affluent ; 
richness. 

WeALTH'Y (wclth'y), a. Having large possessions 
above the generality of men. — Syn. Rich ; opu- 
lent; affluent. 

WEAN (ween), v. t. To accustom to a want of the 
breast ; to alienate the affections from any obj ect. 

WEAN 'LING, n. One newly weaned. 

WeAP'ON (wep'pn), n. An instrument of offense 
or defense ; in the plural, arms. 

WeAP'ON-LESS (wep'pn-), a. Having no weapons. 

WEAR (4) (ware), v. t. lpret.Wox.E; pp.WoEN.] To 
waste by friction or rubbing; to have on the 
body, as to wear a sword; to have or exhibit the 
appearance ; to affect by degrees ; to cause a ship 
to change her course, or to put her on another 
tack. — Syn. To waste ; impair ; bear ; consume ; 
diminish; veer. 

WEAR, v. i. To be wasted by use or time ; to be 
spent tediously. 

WEAR (ware), n. Act of wearing; diminution by 
friction ; the thing worn. Wear and tear, the 
loss by wearing, as of machinery. 

WeAR (weer), n. A dam in a river; an instru- 
ment or kind of basket-work for catching fish, 
spelled also weir and wier. 



WEAR'ER (war'er), n. One who wears. 

WeA'RIJSD (wG'rid), a. Tired; fatigued. 

WeA'RI-NESS, 7i. The state of being weary, or 
lassitude induced by labor ; uneasiness from con- 
stant waiting, disappointed expectation, &c. ; fa- 
tigue. 

WeA'RI-SOME (we're-sum), a. Causing weari- 
ness. — Syn. Troublesome; annoying; tiresome, 
tedious; fatiguing; irksome. 

WeA'RI-SoME-LY, ad. So as to Aveary; te- 
diously. 

WeA'RI-SoME-NESS, n. The quality of exhaust- 
ing strength or patience. — Syn. Irksomeness ; 
tiresomeness ; tediousness. 

WeA'RY (we'ry),' a. Having the strength or pa- 
tience much exhausted by toil or discouragement, 
causing weariness.— Syn. Tired; fatigued; tire- 
some ; irksome ; wearisome. 

WeA'RY (we'ry), v. t. To reduce strength ; to 
make impatient of continuance ; to harass by any 
thing irksome. — Syn. To tire; fatigue; fag; vex; 
dispirit; jade, which see. 

WeA'SANIU „_.-/ zand ) / n. The windpipe or 

WE'SAND, f (Wb zand) ' \ trachea. 

WeA'SjEL (we'zl), n. A small slender animal that 
lives on birds and mice. 

WeATH'ER (weth'er), n. The state of the atmo- 
sphere with respect to heat and cold, wetness or 
dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness; 
change of the state of the air. 

WeATH'ER (wJth'er), v. t. To sail to the wind- 
ward of, as to weather a point ; to wear by expos- 
ure to the elements, as the rock was weathered. 

WeATH'ER-BoARD (weth'er-), n. The side of a 
ship toward the wind ; a board between the shing- 
ling of a roof and the side beneath near the cor- 
nice. 

WeATH'ER-BoARD-ING (weth'er-), n. The nail- 
ing of boards overlapping one another, or the 
boards themselves. 

WeATH'ER-BOUND (weth'er-), a. Delayed by 
bad weather. 

WeATH'ER-€5CK (wcth'er-), n. A turning vane 
on a spire ; any thing that turns easily and often ; 
a fickle, inconstant person. 

WeATH'ER-GagE (wcth'er-), n. That which 
shows the weather ; the windward side of a ship. 

WeATH'ER-GLASS (weth'er-), n. An instrument 
to show the state of the weather. 

WeATH'ER-ING (weth'er-), n. The action of 
the elements in altering the surface of rocks, &c. 

WeATH'ER-MoLD-ING (weth'er-), n. A canopy 
over doors and windows to throw off the rain. 

WeATH'ER-MoST (wGth'er-), a. Furthest to the 
windward of. 

WeATH'ER-WISE (weth'er-), a. Skillful in fore- 
telling the changes or the state of the weather. 

WeAVE (weeve), v. t. ipret. Wove; pp. Wove, 
Woven.] To unite threads and form cloth ; to 
unite any thing flexible or by close connection. 

WEAVER, n. One who weaves. 

WEAVING, n. The act or art of forming cloth 
in the loom by the union of threads; task or 
work done in making cloth. 

WeB, n. Any thing woven ; a film over the eye. 

WeBB^D (webd), a. Having toes united by a 
membrane. 

WeB'BING, n. A narrow woven fabric, used for 
suspenders, straps, &c. 

WeB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having webbed feet. 

WeD, v. i. To marry; to join in marriage; to 
unite closely in affection ; to unite forever. 

WeD, v. i. To marry ; to contract matrimony. 

WeD'DED, a. Married ; closely attached. 

WeD'DING, n. A marriage; nuptial festivity. 

WeDgE, n. A piece of metal or of wood, sloping 
to an edge, for splitting, &c. ; a mass of metal, as 
a wedge of silver. 

WeDgE, v. t. To fasten with wedges ; to drive, as 
a wedge is driven ; to force its way. 



a, a, &c, long. — I, k, &c, short. — caee, fab, last, fall, what; these, tebm; mae'ine, hied; move, 



WED 



513 



WES 



WeD'LOCK, n. Married state; matrimony; 
marriage, which see. ■ 

WeD'NES-DAY (wSns'da), n. The fourth day of 
the week ; the next after Tuesday. 

WEED, n. A useless or troublesome plant. 

WEED, n. A garment [The word is now used 
in the plural for mourning apparel.] 

WEED, v. t. To free from noxious plants, or from 
any thing hurtful or offensive. 

WEEDING, n. The operation of freeing from 
noxious weeds. 

WEED'Y, a. Full of weeds; consisting of weeds. 

WEEK, n. The space of seven days ; a prophetic 
week, in Scripture, is one of years, or seven 
years. 

WEEK'-DaY, n. Any day except the Sabbath. 

WEEK'LY, a. Coming or done every week. 

WEEK'LY, ad. Once a week. 

WEEL, ) , . , - - 

WE EI 'Yf' 1, ■*■ tra P or snare i° r fish- 

WEEN, v. i. To think ; to suppose. 

WEEP, v. i. or v. t. [pret. and pp. Wept.] To ex- 
press sorrow or anguish by outcry ; to shed tear3 
or moisture ; to drop or abound in wet. — Syn. To 
bemoan ; bewail ; lament ; complain ; mourn. 

WEEP'ER, n. One who weeps; a mourner; a 
piece of cloth worn round the hat, &c, at fu- 
nerals. 

WEEP'ING, n. Lamentation. 

WEEP'ING-WiL-LoW, n, A species of willow, 
with long, slender branches, hanging down near- 
ly perpendicular. 

WEE'VIL, ». A small kind of insect very de- 
structive to grain. 

We FT, n. A thing woven ; the woof of cloth. 

WEIGH (wa), v. t. or v. i. To ascertain weight; 
to raise, as an anchor, &c. ; to take by weight; 
to have weight; to consider; to be considered as 
important; to bear heavily. 

WEIGH (wa), n. A certain quantity; 256 pounds 
avoirdupois; wey. [ed. 

WEIGH'A-BLE (wa'a-bl), a. That may be weigh- 
, WEIGH'ER (wa'er), n. One who weighs, or whose 
duty it is to weigh commodities. 

WEIGHTING, n. The act of ascertaining weight ; 
as much as is weighed at once. 

WEIGHT (wiite), n. The quantity of a body, as- 
certained by the balance ; a mass of metal, to be 
used for ascertaining the weight of other bodies ; 
a ponderous mass ; in mechanics, that which re- 
ceives motion opposed to the power of motion ; 
that which is highly important and worthy of 
consideration ; pressure ; burden ; importance. 

WEIGHT'1-LY (wa'te-ly), ad. Heavily; with 
importance or impressiveness. 

WEIGHT'I-NESS (wa'te-ness), n. Heaviness ; so- 
lidity; force; importance; power of convincing. 

WEIGHT'LESS, a. Having no weight; light; 
unimportant. 

WEIGHT'Y (wa'ty), a. Having great weight; 
adapted to convince. — Syn. Heavy ; momentous ; 
forcible; efficacious; important. 

WeIR, n. A dam or fence set in a river for the 
purpose of taking fish. See Weak. 

WeIRD (weerd), n. A spell or charm ; a. skilled 
in witchcraft. 

WeL'CGME (wel'kum), a. Received with glad- 
ness or free of expense ; producing gladness ; free 
to enjoy. — Syn. Acceptable ; agreeable; grateful. 

WeL'CGME, n. A kind reception. 

WeL'CGME (wel'kum), int. Used elliptically for 
you are welcome. 

WeL'CGME, v. t. To salute with kindness; to 
entertain hospitably and cheerfullv. 

WeL'CGME-LY (weTkum-), ad. In a welcome 
mannei. 

WeL'CGME-NESS, n. Kind reception ; agreea- 
bleness. 

WeL'CGM-ER, n. One who bids or receives 
kindly. 



W£LD, v. t. To unite into firm union, as two 
pieces of iron when heated almost to fusion. 

WeLD'ING, n. The act or process of uniting iron 
by intense heat. 

WeL'FARE, n. Exemption from misfortune, sick- 
ness, &c; the enjoyment of health, &c. ; exemp- 
tion from calamity, or the enjoyment of peace, 

&c. as of states Syn. Happiness; prosperity; 

health; well-being; success. 

WeL'KIN, n. The sky or region of the air. 

WELL, n. A spring; a pit of water; a fountain ; 
a hole or excavation in the earth, as in mining 
in war. 

WELL, a. Not sick ; being in a good state or in 
favor. — Syn. Fortunate; convenient; advanta- 
geous; happy. 

WELL, ad. Not amiss; rightly; properly. 

WELL, v. i. To spring ; to issue forth, a3 water 
from the earth. 

WeLL'A-DaY, int. Alas ! 

WeLL'-Be-ING, n. Welfare; prosperity. 

WeLL'-BoRN, a. Born of a respectable family; 
not of mean birth. 

WeLL'-BReD, a. Having a polite education ; 
well educated or trained. 

WeLL'-DGNE', ex. A word of praise. 

WeLL'-Fa-VOR.E'D, a. Pleasing to the eye. 

WeLL'-HeAD, n. A source, spring, or fountain. 

WeLL'-HoLE, n. In stairs, the open space be- 
yond the ends; a cavity for a counterbalancing 
weight in mechanical contrivances. 

WeLL'-MaN-NER#D. a. Polite: well-bred. 

WeLL-MeAN'ING, a. Having good intentions. 

WeLL'-MeT', int. A term of salutation, denoting 
joy at meeting. 

WeLL'-NTGH. (-nD, ad. Very nearly: almost. 

WeLL'-SPeNT, a. Spent in the performance of 
dutv. 

WeLL'-SPo'EjFN, a. Speaking well or kindly; 
spoken with propriety. 

WeLL'-SPRING, n. A source of continual supply. 

WeLL'-SWEEP, n. A pole to raise a bucket in a 
well. 

WeLL'-WA-TER, n. Water flowing into a well 
from springs ; water drawn from a well. 

WeLL'-WiSH-ER, n. One who wishes good to 
another. 

WELSH, a. Pertaining to Wales. 

WELSH, n. The inhabitants of Wales ; their lan- 
guage. 

WeLSH-RAB'BIT, n. Cheese melted and spread 
over toasted bread. 

WeLT, n. A border; a kind of hem or edging on 
a garment or on a shoe. 

WeLT, v. t. To furnish with a welt. 

WeL'TER, v. i. To roll, as in blood or mire. 

WeLT'ING, n. The act of putting on a welt; a 
welt put on. 

WeN, n. A fleshy excrescence on animals. 

WeNCH, n. A young woman ; a low woman ; a 
colored female servant ; a negress. 

WeNCH, v. i. To frequent the company of aban- 
doned women. 

WeNCH'ING, n. Practice of lewdness. 

WeN'NY, a. Having the nature of a wen. 

WeRST. See Vebst. 

WeS'LEY-AN, a. Designating a follower of John 
Wesley. 

WeST, n. The point or region where the sun sets. 

WeST, a. Situated toward the setting sun ; com- 
ing or moving from the west, as a west wind. 

WEST, ad. To the western region ; at the west- 
ward. 

W£ST'ER-LY, a. Toward the west; being in the 
west; moving from the west, as wind. 

W£ST'ER-LY, ad. Tending toward the west. 

WeST'ERN, a. Being in the west ; moving toward 
where the sun sets. 

"Wf ST' WARD T 

west'ward'-lyI ad - Toward the west - 



dove, wolf, book; eule, bttll; vi"ciors. 



as k; 
Kk 



as j ; 2 as z ; ch as su ; tuis. + Not English. 



WET 



5U 



WHI 



WET, a. Containing water, or having water or 
other liquid on the surface; rainy; nasty, which 
see. 

WeT, n. Water ; moisture or humidity in a con- 
siderable degree ; rainy, foggy, or misty weather. 

WET, v. t. To fill or moisten with a liquid ; to 
sprinkle ; to dip or soak in liquor ; to moisten 
with drink. 

WETH'ER, n. A male sheep castrated. 

WET'NESS, n. State of being wet; a watery or 
moist state of the atmosphere ; a state of being 
rainy, foggy, or misty. — Syn. Moisture; humid- 
ity; wateriness; mistiness. 

WET'TISH, a. Somewhat wet; moist; humid. 

WHACK (hwak), v. t. To strike. 

WHaLE (hwiile), n. The largest of all marine 
animals. 

WHaLE'BoNE, n. A firm, elastic substance taken 
from the upper jaw of the whale. 

WHaLE'MAN, n. A person employed in whale 
fishing. 

WHaL'ER, n. A ship employed in the whale fish- 
ery. 

WHAP'PER (hwop'per), n. Something uncom- 
monly large of the kind. [Vulgar.] 

WHARF (hworf ), n. ; pi. Wharfs, Wharves. A 
mole or pier for landing goods. 

WHARF, v. t. To guard or secure by a wharf. 

WHARF'AgE, n. Fee or duty for using a wharf. 

WHARF'IN-gER, n. The owner or keeper of a 
wharf. 

WHAT (hwot), pron. relative or substitute. That 
which ; which part. 

WHAT-EV'ER, > pron. Being this or that ; all 

WHAT-SO-EV'ERJ that. 

WHAT NOT, n. A piece of furniture having 
shelves for papers, books, &c. 

WHEAL, n. A pustule. See Weal. 

WHeAT (hweet), n. A plant which furnishes a 
white, nutritious flour, used for bread, &c. 

WHEATS N (hwe'tn), a. Made of wheat. 

WHeAT'FLy, n. A name of several insects inju- 
rious to wheat, as the Hessian-fly, wheat-moth, 
&c. 

WHEE'DLE, v. t. To entice by soft words.— Syn. 
To flatter; coax; cajole; fawn. 

WHEED'LING, n. The act of flattering or entic- 
ing. 

WHEEL, n. A circular frame turning on its axis ; 
a circular body; an instrument for spinning and 
for torture ; a turning; in jwttery, a round board 
turned horizontally by a lathe, on which the clay 
is shaped by the hand ; in ships, a circular frame 
with handles on the rim, used in steering. 

WHEEL, v. t. To move or convey on wheels. 

WHEEL, v. i. To turn on an axis ; to move round, 
as a body of troops wheel to the right or left; to 
put into a rotary motion. 

WHEEL'-BaR-RoW, n. A carriage with one 
wheel and rolled by a single man. 

WHEEL'ING, n. The act of conveying or passing 
on wheels; a turning or circular movement of 
troops. 

WHEEL'-WRIGHT (hweel'-rite), n. A maker of 
wheels. 

WHEEL'Y, a. Like a wheel; circular. 

WHEEZE, v. i. To breathe hard and with an au- 
dible sound, as in the asthma. 

WHEEZ'ING, n. The act of breathing with diffi- 
culty and noise. 

WHELK, n. A protuberance ; a pustule ; a single- 
shelled fish used for food. 

WHELM, v. t. To cover with water, &c. ; to im- 
merse or bury; to overburden. 

WHELP, n. The young of the canine species and 
of several other beasts of prey ; a puppy ; a cub. 

WHeLP, v. i. To bring forth young, as the fe- 
male of the canine species. 

WHEN, ad. At what time [interrogatively] ; at 
that time ; after the time that. 



WHENCE, ad. From what place or source ; from 

which premises, principles, or facts ; how. 
WHENCE-SO-fiV'ER, ad. From whatever place. 



WHEN-EV'ER, 



ad. At whatever time. 



WHEN-SO-EV'ER,j 

WHERE (12) (hware), ad. At or in what place ; 

at the place in which ; whither, which see. 
WHERE-A-BOUT', > ad. Near which place ; con- 
WHfeRE-A-BOUTS'J cerning which. 
WHERE-aS', ad. But ; when in fact or truth ; on 

the contrary ; the thing being so that. 
WHeRE'aT', ad. At which; whereupon. 
WHeRE-By', ad. By which; by what [interroga- 
tively]. 
WHERE'FoRE, ad. For which reason ; why; for 

what reason. 
WHERE-iN', ad. In which thing or place, &c. ; 

in what. 
WIIERE-IN-To', ad. Into which. 
WHERE-oF', ad. Of or concerning which. 
WHERE-6N', t ■, TT . . . 

WHERE-UP-oN', j" ad - Upon whlch 5 on what - 
WHERE-SO-EV'ER, ad. In what place soever. 
WHfRE-To' } 

WHERE'UN-To' I ad " To wh ich ; to wliat end. 
WHER-EV'ER, ad. At whatever place. 
WHERE-WiTH', { ad. With which ; with 
WHERE- WITH-AL',]* what [interrogatively]. 
WHER'RY, n. A boat used on rivers; also the 

name of several kinds of light craft. 
WHET, v. t. To sharpen by friction ; to edge ; to 

stimulate ; to provoke. 
WHET, n. The act of sharpening by friction; 

something that stimulates the appetite. 
WHETH'ER, pron. Which of the two ; which of 

two alternatives, and followed by or as an adverb. 
WHET'SToNE, n. A stone for sharpening edge 

tools. 
WHEW, int. An expression denoting doubt or 

contempt. 
WHEY (hwa), n. The thin part of milk separated 

in making cheese. 
WHICH, pron., relative or substitute, for a thing 

or for a sentence. 
WHICH-EV'ER, T pron. Whether one or the 
WHXCH-SO-EV'ERJ other. 
WHIFF (hwif ), n. A puff of air; a sudden expul- 
sion of air from the mouth. 
WHIFF, v. t. To puff; to throw out in whiffs. 
WHIF'FLE (hwif'fl), v. i. To start, turn, or change 

from one opinion or course to another; to use 

evasions ; to be fickle or unsteady. — Syn. To 

shift; evade; shuffle; prevaricate. 
WHIF'FLER, n. One who evades or prevaricates, 

or frequently changes his course or opinions, &c. 
WHIF'FLE-TREE, n. The bar to which traces of 

a carriage are fastened for draft; called also 

W hippie-tree. 
WHIG, n. A term used in England to denote one 

of a political party opposed to the Tories. 
WHIG'GISH, a. Inclined to whiggism. 

whig'ger*y1 n - The P rinci P les of w* 1 ^ 5 - 

WHILE, n. Time; space of time; continued du- 
ration. 

WHiLE, v. t. To cause to pass pleasantly; to loi- 
ter. To while away, as time, is to loiter. 

WHILE, ad. During the time that; as long as. — 
Syn. Though. — Both these words are used in com- 
paring things or drawing parallels between them ; 
but though also implies contrast, which while 
does not. For instance, we may say, " While I 
admire his courage, I honor him for his self-com- 
mand;" and "Though I admire his courage, I 
detest his ferocity." While might, indeed, be 
used in both cases; but if we mean distinctly to 
imply a contrast, we must use though. 

WHi'LOM, ad. Formerly; of old. [Not now 
used.] 

WHILST is sometimes used for while. 



a. ic, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; tii£re, term; marine, bird; move, 



WHI 



515 



WHI 



WHIM, n. A capricious notion. — Syn. Freak. — 
A freak is literally a sudden start or change of 
place, and hence denotes some particular act 
•which is hasty or fanciful, perhaps humorous or 
childish ; a whim is dictated by caprice, and usu- 
ally implies a state of mind more or less perma- 
nent. The young are apt to have their freaks, 
and the old to indulge themselves in whims. 

WHIM'PER, v. i. To cry with a low, whining 
voice. [whine. 

WHIM'PER-ING, n. A low, muttering cry or 

WHIM'SEY, n. A freak of fancy. 

WHIM'SI-€AL, a. Having odd fancies; full of 
whims. — Syn. Freakish ; capricious ; fanciful ; 
fantastical ; quaint, which see. 

WHIM-$I-€AL'I-TY, I n. Whimsical disposi- 

WHiM'$I-€AL-NESS,f tion ; odd temper.— Syn. 
Freakishness ; capriciousness; oddity. 

WHIM'SI-€AL-LY, ad. With freakishness. 

WHIM'-WHAM, n. A plaything ; an odd fancy 
or device. 

WHIN, n. A prickly shrub ; gorse ; furse. 

WHINE, v. i. To murmur in a plaintive tone ; to 
murmur meanly. 

WHINE, n. A nasal, puerile tone of complaint 

WHIN'ER, n. - One who whines. 

WHIN'NY, v. i. To make a certain noise, as a 
horse ; to neigh. 

WHIN'OCK, n. The youngest pig of a litter. 

WHIN'-SToNE, n. A name applied by miners to 
basaltic rock, or any kind of dark-colored and 
hard stone which resists the pick. 

WHIP, n. An instrument for driving horses or for 
chastising, consisting of a handle and lash ; a 
coachman or driver of a carriage ; in ships, a 
small tackle with a single rope to hoist light 
bodies. 

WHIP, v. t. To strike or punish -with a whip ; to 
drive with lashes ; to beat out, as grain, by strik- 
ing; to sew slightly. — Syn. To lash; chastise; 
beat; thrash; scourge. 

WHIP, v. i. To move nimbly ; to start suddenly 
and run, or to turn and run. [&c. 

WHIP'-€6RD, n. A hard-twisted cord for whips, 

WHIP -GRAFT, v. t. To graft by cutting the scion 
and stock in a sloping direction, and inserting a 
tongue or the scion into the stock. 

WHiP'-HAND, n. An advantage over another. 

WHIP'PER, n. One who whips; an officer. 

WHIP'PER-IN, n. Among huntsmen, one who 
keeps the hounds from wandering; hence, one 
who enforces party discipline, attendance, &c. 

WHIP'PER-SNAP-PER, n. A diminutive, insig- 
nificant person. 

WHIP'PING, n. Act of striking; a punishing; 
the state of being whipped. 

WHIP'PING-PoST, n. A post to which culprits 
are tied for whipping. 

WHIP'PLE-TREE. See Whiffle-tree. 

WHIP'PO-WIL, \ n. The popular name of a 

WHIP'POOR-WILL,/ bird allied to the night- 
hawk. 

WHIP'-SAW, n. A large saw for two persons. 

WHIP'-STAFF, n. In ships, a bar by which the 
rudder is turned. 

WHIP'STER, n. A sharper ; a nimble fellow. 

WHIP'-STICK, \ n. The hand or rod to which 

WHIP'-ST5CK,f the lash is fastened. 

WHiR (17), v. i. To whirl; to fly with noise. 

WHIRL, v. t. or v. i. To turn or be twined with 
violence or rapidity ; to turn round rapidly ; to 
move hastily. — Syn. To wheel; twirl; revolve; 
circulate. 

WHtRL (hwirl), n. A rapid turning; form of a 
flower; any thing that is moved or is turned 
with velocity; a hook used in twisting. 

WHiRL'-BAT, n. Any thing whirled round in 
order to strike hard. 

WH iRL'BoNE, n. The cap of the knee ; the knee- 
pan. 



WHIRL'I-GIG, n. A plaything which children 
spin or whirl round. 

WHiRL'ING, n. Act of turning or moving round. 

WHIRL'ING-TA-BLE, n. A machine which, by 
giving bodies a rotary motion, represents phe- 
nomena of centrifugal force. 

WHiRL'POOL, n. An eddy; a vortex of water 
where it moves circularly. 

WHiRL'WIND, n. A wind moving circularly, 
raising and whirling dust, leaves, &c. 

WHiR'RING, n. The sound made by a bird's 
rapid flight. 

WHISK, n. A small bunch of grass, straw, &c. ; 
hence, a brush or small besom ; a culinary instru- 
ment for beating up the whites of eggs and sim- 
ilar operations ; a kind of tippet. 

WHISK, v. t. or v. i. To brush with a whisk ; to 
sweep or agitate with a light, rapid motion ; to 
move nimbly and lightly, and with velocity. 

WHIS'KER, n. Long hair on the cheek. 

WHIS'KY, n. A spirit distilled from grain. 

WHIS'PER, v. i. To speak or utter with a low, 
hissing voice ; to speak with suspicion ; to plot 
secretly. 

WHIS'PER, v. t. To address in a low voice, so as 
only to be heard by one quite near. 

WHIS'PER, n. A low, soft voice, or words so ut- 
tered; a cautious or timorous speech; a hissing 
or buzzing sound. 

WHIS'PER-ER, n. One who whispers ; one who 
tells secrets or secretly slanders. — Syn. A tattler ; 
backbiter ; slanderer. 

WHIS'PER-ING, n. A speaking with a low voice ; 
a backbiting ; a telling of tales. 

WHIST (hwist), a. Still; not speaking; mute. 

WHIST (hwist), int. An exclamation, meaning 
hush, be still. 

WHIST (hwist), n. A game at cards, so called be- 
cause it requires silence or close attention. 

WHIS'TLE (hwis'sl), v. i. To make a kind of 
musical sound by forcing air or steam through a 
small orifice; to play on a pipe; to sound shrill. 

WHIS'TLE (hwis'sl), v. t. To form or modulate 
by whistling, as to whistle a tune; to call. 

WHIS'TLE (hwis'sl), n. A pipe that makes a 
shrill sound; the sound made by a small wind 
instrument or by the breath ; the organ of whis- 
tling; the shrill sound of the wind among the 
trees, &c. ; a call by sportsmen to their dogs ; a 
shrill sound made by escape of steam in a loco- 
motive, as a signal or alarm. 

WHIS'TLER, n. One who whistles. 

WHIS'TLING, n. A shrill sound. 

WHIT, n. A very small part. — Syn. A point ; 
jot_; tittle. 

WHITE, a. Not having color, or that of snow ; 
having the color of purity; free from spot; puri- 
fied from sin. — Syn. Pale ; snowy ; pure ; un- 
blemished ; sanctified. 

WHITE, n. A destitution of color; part of the 
eye and of an egg ; any thing destitute of color. 

WHITE, \ v. t. or v. i. To make 

WHIT'^N (53) (hwl'tn),j white; to bleach; to 
become or turn while. 

WHITE'-€AP, n. Name of a large wave that 
curls over in foam. 

WHITE'-FISH, n. A small fish allied to the her- 
ring, used as manure; also a fish of the salmon 
family in the Lakes. 

WHITE'-LeAD (-ltd), n. Lead united with an 
acid, used in painting. 

WHITE-LIV-ERJ5D, a. Having a pale look ; 
feeble ; cowardly ; envious or malicious. 

WHiTE'-MEAT, n. Meat made of milk, butter, 
cheese, eggs, and the like. 

WHITE'NESS, n. The state of being white ; free- 
dom from darkness, obscurity, or stain. — Syn. 
Paleness; purity; cleanness. 

WHITES, n. pi. The fiuor albus ; a disease of fe- 
males. 



dove, wolf, Booii; kSle, rijLL ; vigorous.-— € as k ; das j; s as z ; CHasea; Tins. * Not English. 



WHI 



516 



WLL 



WHITE'-SW£LL-ING, n. A swelling or chronic 
enlargement of the joints. 

WHiTE'WASH (-wosh), n. A wash for the skin ; 
a composition of lime and water for whitening 
plaster, &c. 

WHiTE'WASH, v. t. To cover with whitewash; 
to make white; to give a fair external appear- 
ance, [washes. 

WHITE'WASH-ER (-wosh-), n. One who white- 

WHiTE'-WiNE, 71. Any wine of a clear, trans- 
parent color, bordering on white, as Madeira, 
sherry. 

WHITE'WOOD, n. A species of timber-tree ; the 
tulip-tree! 

WHITH'ER, ad. To what place or degree.— Syn. 
Where. — Whither is now to a great extent obso- 
lete, except in poetry, or in compositions of a grave 
and serious character ; where has taken its place, 
as in the question, "Where are you going'/" &c. 

WHITH'ER-SO-eV'ER, a. To whatsoever place. 

WHrT'ING, n. A soft chalk, the same as Spanish 
white ; a fish allied to the cod. 

WHIT'ISH, a. Moderately white. [ness. 

WHIT'ISH-NESS, n. Moderate degree of white- 

WHIT'LeATH-ER (-leth-er), n. Leather dressed 
with alum ; animal ligaments. 

WHiT'LoW, n. A tumor near the finger nail. ' 

WHIT'SUN-DAY, \ n. The seventh Sunday after 

WHIT'SUN-TlDE,j" Easter, commemorating the 
descent of the Holy Spirit at the feast of Pente- 
cost. 

WHiT'TLE (hwit'tl), n. A small pocket knife ; a 
white dress for a woman. 

WHiT'TLE (hwit'tl), v. t. To pare or cut off the 
surface of a thing with a small knife. 

WHIZ (hwiz), v. t. To make a hissing sound, like 
an arrow or a ball flying through the air. 

WHIZ'ZING, } n ' A hissin S soun<L 

WHo (hoo), pron. relative. Which person. 

WHo-EV'ER, pron. Any person whatever. 

WHoLE (1<J) (hole), a. Containing the total amount 
or number, or the entire thing; not defective or 
impaired ; not hurt or sick ; restored to health. — 
Syn. All ; complete ; undivided ; sound ; healthy ; 
well. 

WHoLE, n. The entire thin g ; a system or regular 
combination of parts. — Syn. Totality ; amount ; 
aggregate; gross. 

WHoLE'NESS, n. The state of being whole, 
sound, &c. 

WHoLE'SaLE, n. Sale of goods by the piece or 
quantity; the whole mass; a. buying and selling 
by the quantity; pertaining to the trade by the 
piece or quantity. 

WHoLE'SoME (hol'sum), a. Tending to pro- 
mote or favorable to health, morals, &c. ; pleas- 
ing; that utters sound words. — Syn. Salubrious; 
sound ; salutary ; useful ; kindly. 

WHoLE'SoME-LY, ad. So as to be salubrious or 
salutary. 

WHoLE'S6ME-NESS, n. Salubrity; the quality 
of contributing to health of body or mind, or the 
state, &c. ; salutariness. By. 

WHoL'LY (19), ad. Totally; completely; entire- 

WHoM (hoom), pron. Objective case of Who. 

WH6M-SO-EVER, pron. Any person, without 
exception. 

WHOOP (hoop), n. A shout of pursuit or war, 
particularly of attack ; v. i. to shout. 

WHoRE (hore), n. A lewd woman ; one who prac- 
tices unlawful commerce with men, especially for 
hire. — Syn. Harlot; courtesan; strumpet; prosti- 
tute; concubine. 

WHoRE, v. t. To practice lewdness. 

WHoRE, v. i. To have unlawful sexual com- 
merce ; to practice lewdness. 

WHoRE'DoM (hore'dum), n. Practice of unlaw- 
ful commerce with the other sex ; lewdness ; idol- 
atry. 



WHoRE'-MAS-TER, \n. 
J 1 



A man addicted to 

WHoRE'-MoN G 'GER,/ lewdness. 

WHoR'ISH, a. Addicted to unlawful commerce. 

WHORL (hwiirl), n. An arrangement of a num- 
ber of leaves or flowers around a stem. 

WHoR'TLE-BER-RY, n. A plant or shrub with 
its fruit, called huckleberry. 

WHo$E-SO-EVER, pron. Of any person what- 
ever. 

WHo'SO, I » v * 

WHo-SO-eV'ER f n ' n y P erson whatever. 

WHuR, v. i. To pronounce r with force or jarring. 

WHuR, n. The sound of a body moving through 
the_air with velocity. See Whir. 

WHy, ad. Wherefore ; for what reason. 

WiCK, n. The threads or string of a candle or 
lamp, which is moistened by the oil and burns 
brilliantly. 

WICK'ED, a. Evil in principle and practice; ad- 
dicted to vice ; deviating from the divine law ; 
baneful in effect. — Syn. Sinful ; criminal ; im- 
moral ; unholy ; ungodly ; iniquitous, which see. 

WiCK'ED-LY, ad. With motives contrary to the 
divine law. 

WICK'ED-NESS, n. Evil disposition or practices ; 
corrupt manners ; departure from the rules of di- 
vine law. — Syn. Sin ; sinfulness ; iniquity ; im- 
morality; vice; impiety; irreligion. 

WICK'ER, a. Made of small willows or twigs. 

WICK'ET, n. A small gate ; a bar or rod used in 
playing cricket. 

WIDE, a. Having great or considerable distance 
between the sides ; opposed to narrow ; having 
great extent each way ; deviating, as ivide of the 
truth. — Syn. Broad; extensive; large; remote; 
distant. 

WIDE'LY, ad. With great extent each way ; to 
a great distance. — Syn. Far ; extensively ; re- 
motely. 

WiD'i?N (wi'dn), v. t. or v. i. To make or become 
wide or wider. 

WlDE'NESS, n. Breadth in all directions ; state of 
being wide ; large extent. — Syn. Width ; breadth ; 
extensiveness ; remoteness. 

WIDE'-SPReAD (-spred), a. Extending far. 

WiOE'-SPReAD-ING (-spred'ing), a. Spreading 
to a great extent or distance. 

WID'oEON (wid'jun), n. A water-fowl of the 
duck kind, but smaller. 

WlD'oW (wid'o), n. A woman bereaved of her 
husband. 

WiD'oW, v. t. To deprive of a husband ; to strip 
of any thing good. [dead. 

WiD'oW-ER, n. A single man whose wife is 

WiD'oW-HOOD, n. The state of a widow. 

WIDTH, n. ' Breadth ; wideness ; the extent of a 
thing from side to side. 

WIELD (weeld), v. t. To use with power; to em- 
ploy with the hand. — Syn. To swing; sway; man- 
age; handle. 

WIeLD'LESS, a. Unmanageable. 

WIeLD'Y, a. That may be managed. 

Wi'ER-Y, a. Made of or like wire; having the 
properties of wire. See Wiry. 

WIFE, n. ; pi. Wives. The lawful consort of a 
man. 

WIFE'HOOD, n. State or character of a wife. 

WIFE'LESS, a. Without a wife ; unmarried. 

WIG, n. An artificial covering of hair for the 
head. 

WIGHT (wite), n. A person ; a being. [Obs. ex- 
cept in sport] 

WIG'WAM, n. An Indian hut or cabin. 

WILD, a. Roving or wandering unrestrained ; 
growing without or not refined by culture; not 
tame ; licentious ; done without plan or order ; 
not well digested ; exposed to wind or sea ; made 
or found in the forest.— Syn. Savage; desert; un- 
civilized ; ungoverned; inconstant; loose; irreg- 
ular; disorderly. 



a, e, &c, long. — I, £, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



WIL 



517 



WIN 



WILD, n. A desert ; a waste ; an uncultivated re- 
gion. 

WlLD'-BoAR, n. A wild animal of the hog kind. 

WiLD'-€aT, n. A ferocious animal of the cat spe- 
cies. 

WIL'DER, v. t. To cause to lose the way. 

WIL'DER-NESS, n. A desert; uninhabited land; 
a forest. 

WILD'-FIRE, n. A composition of inflammable 
matter; a disease of sheep. 

WiLD'-GOOSE, n. An aquatic fowl and a bird of 
passage. 

WILD-GO OSE'-CHaSE, n. A vain pursuit. 

WILD'ING, n. That which grows wild without 
cultivation ; a wild sour apple. 

WILD'LY, ad. "Without cultivation or tameness ; 
without attention; with disorder. — Syn. Heed- 
lessly; irrationally; fiercely; irregularly; licen- 
tiously. 

WILD'NESS, n. Fierceness; ungovernableness ; 
uncultivated state ; inordinate disposition to 
rove or irregularity of manner; state of being 
untamed. — Syn. Rudeness ; brutality ; savage- 
ness; irregularity. 

WlLE, n. A trick or stratagem for ensnaring or 
deception ; a sly artifice. — Syn. Trick ; artifice ; 
stratagem. 

Wi'LI-NESS, n. Cunning; craft; subtility. 

WILL, n. The faculty of choosing or determining ; 
choice; command; disposition; arbitrary dispo- 
sal ; the disposition by one of his property, to take 
effect after death. — Syn. Determination ; pleas- 
ure : desire ; direction ; purpose ; testament. 

WILL, v. t. To determine or decide that some- 
thing shall be done; to be inclined or resolved 
to have ; to command ; to dispose by testament. 
— Syn. To direct ; enjoin ; wish ; desire ; be- 
queath, &c. 

WILL'FUL, a. Governed by the will without 
yielding to reason ; obstinate or refractory. — Syn. 
Perverse ; inflexible ; stubborn ; ungovernable. 

WILL'FUL-LY, ad. With set purpose ; obstinate- 
ly- 

WILL'FUL-NESS, n. Obstinacy of will; per- 
verseness ; stubbornness. 

WILL'ING, a. Free to do or grant; having the 
mind inclined ; desirous ; received without reluc- 
tance or of choice ; spontaneous ; consenting ; 
disposed ; prompt. 

WILL'ING-LY, ad. Cheerfully; gladly; readily. 

WILL'ING-NESS, n. Free choice; consent of the 
will ; readiness of the mind. 

WIL'LoW, n. 'A tree of several sorts. 

WIL'LoW-ING, ) n. The operation of opening 

WIL'LY-ING, / and disentangling locks of 
wool,_called also deviling. 

WIL'LoW-ISH, a. Like the color of the willow. 

WIL'LoW-Y, a. Abounding with willows. 

WILT, v. t. or v. i. To cause to begin to wither; to 
begin to wither ; to cause to languish ; to depress 
or destroy the vigor and energy of; to become 
flexible. 

WILT'ED, a. Having become flaccid and lost its 
freshness, as a plant. 

Wl'LY, a. Using craft or stratagem to accomplish 
a purpose; mischievously artful. — Syn. Insid- 
ious; crafty; artful; sly; cunning, which see. 

WIM'BLE, 11. An instrument for boring holes. 

WOFFLE, n. A vail ; a hood. 

WiN, v. i. or v. t. \_pret. and pp. Won.] To gain 
the victory ; to gain ground or favor ; to obtain 
by solicitation or courtship ; to allure to kind- 
ness or compliance. — Syn. To get ; procure ; 
earn ; secure ; conciliate ; gain, which see. 

WINCE, \ v. i. To shrink or start back ; to kick 

WIXCH.j or flounce. 

WINCH, n. The crank by which the axis of ma- 
chines is turned ; an instrument to turn and 
strain ; sometimes also popularly applied to the 
windlass. 



WIND, n. Air in motion with any degree of veloc- 
ity; a current of air; the four icinds, the cardi- 
nal points in the heavens ; breath as modulated 
by the organs or an instrument ; power of respi- 
ration; flatulence. 
WIND, v. i. or v. t. [pret. and pp. Wound.] To 
turn or cause to turn ; to change ; to turn around 
something; to have a circular directiou; to 
twist; to blow; to sound by blowing. 

WIND'AgE, n. The difference between the diam- 
eter of a gun and that of a ball. 
WIND'-BOUND, a. Detained by contrary winds. 
WIND'FALL, n. Fruit blown off; unexpected 
legacy or_other good. 

WIND'-GagE, n. An instrument for ascertaining 
the force and velocity of wind. 

WIND'-GALL, n. A tumor on a horse's fetlock. 

WIND'-GON, n. A gun to be discharged by air. 

WIND'I-NESS, n. Fullness of wind ; the state of 
being windy; tendency to generate wind. — Syn. 
Tempestuousness; flatulence; tumor; pufriness. 

WIND'ING, n. A turn or turning ; a bend ; a me- 
ander, as the winding of a river; a call by the 
boatswain's Avhistle. 

WIND'ING-SHEET, n. A sheet round a corpse. 

WIND'LASS, n. A crane or cylinder for raising 
weights. 

WIND'LESS, a. Having no wind. 

WIND'MILL, n. A mill driven by wind. 

WlN'DoW, n. An opening in the wall of a build- 
ing for the admission of light ; a casement or lat- 
tice. 

WIND'PIPE, n. The passage for the breath to and 
from the lungs; the trachea. 

WIND'RoW, n. A line or row of hay raked to- 
gether. 

WIND' WARD, a. Lving toward the wind. 

WIND'WARD, n. The point from which the wind 
blows, as to ply to the windward. 

WIND'WARD, ad. Toward the wind. 

WIND'Y, a. Consisting of or abounding with 
wind; tempestuous; stormy; puffed. 

WINE, n. The fermented juice of grapes; the 
juice of certain fruits prepared with sugar, as cur- 
rant wine. 

WINE'-BIB-BER, n. A great drinker of wine. 

WINE'-GLASS, n. A small glass from which wine 
is drank. 

WTNE'-MeAS-URE (-mezh-ur), n. The measure, 
less thau beer measure, by which wines, &c, are 
sold. [pressed. 

WINE'-PReSS, n. A place where grapes are 

WING, n. The limb of a bird or insect by which 
it flies ; means of flying ; passage by the wing ; 
motive or excitement of flight; care and protec- 
tion; side of an army; any side piece, side 
building, side shoot ; part of a fortification ; 
ships on the extremity of a fleet ; in a ship, 
those parts of the hold and orlop deck nearest 
the sides, &c. 

WING, v. t. To furnish or transport with wings 
or by flight; to supply with side bodies. 

WING-ED, a. Having wings; swift ; favored with 
wings. 

WING'LESS, a. Having no wings. 

YVING'LET, n. A li;tle wing. 

WING '-SHELL, n. The shell that covers insects' 
wings. 

WING'Y, a. Having wings; rapid. 

WINK, v. i. To shut and open the eyes quickly; 
to give a hint by motion of the eyelids ; to wink 
at is to connive. 

WINK, ii. The act of closing the eyelids quickly ; 
a hint given by a significant shutting of the eye. 

WIN'NER, n. He that wins by success in compe- 
tition or contest. 

WIN'NING, a. Attracting ; adapted to gain favor ; 
charming; n. what is gained by success in con- 
test, &c. 

WIN'NoW, v. t. To fan ; to separate chaff from 



dove, wolf, book ; bule, OTLL ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as J ; s as z ; ch as sh ; this. "*" Kot English. 



WIN 



518 



"VVIT 



grain by win d ; to examine or sift for the pur- 
pose of separating falsehood from truth or the 
bad from the good. 

WIN'NOW-ING, n. The act of separating chaff 
from grain. 

WIN'SoME (win'sum), a. Cheerful; merry. 

WiN'TER, n. The cold season ; part of a printing- 
press sustaining the carriage. 

WiN'TER, v. i. or v. t. To pass the winter, as he 
ivintered in Italy ; to feed or manage during the 
winter. 

WIN'TER-GREEN, n. An evergreen plant, used 
as a tonic, having an aromatic flavor. 

WIN'TER-KILL, v. t. or v. i. To kill by means 
of winter, as to winter-kill wheat or clover; to be 
killed by the winter. 

WIN'TER- Y, a. Suitable to winter.— Syn. Cold; 
stormy; hyemal; snowy; frosty; icy. 

WIN'Y, a. Having the taste of wine. 

WIPE, v. t. To rub for cleaning with something 
soft; to clean by rubbing; to clear away; to 
cleanse from evil practices or abuses ; to overturn 
or destroy what is foul or hateful. 

WIPE, n. The act of rubbing for cleansing; a 
rub; a stroke; reproof; a severe sarcasm.— Syn. 
A blow; gibe; jeer. 

W T iP'ER, n. He or that which wipes. 

WIRE, n. A thread of metal. 

WIRE, v. t. To bind with wire ; to apply wire to. 

WIRE'-DRAAV, v. t. To draw into wire or into a 
fine thread ; to draw or spin out to great length, 
as to wire-draw an argument. 

WIRE'-DRAW-ER, n. One who forms wire by 
drawing. 

WIRE'-PULL-ER, n. One who pulls the wires, 
as of a puppet; hence, an intriguer, or one who 
operates by secret means. 

WlRE'-WORM, n. A worm which destroys the 
roots of plants. 

WiR'Y, a. Made of wire; like wire; flexible and 
strong. 

WlS'DGM, n. The right use and exercise of 
knowledge; sound judgment ; piety. — Syn. Pru- 
dence. — Wisdom has been defined to be "the use 
of the best means for attaining the best ends," 
and in this sense implies the union of high men- 
tal and moral excellence. Prudence is of a more 
negative character; it rather consists in avoiding 
danger than in taking decisive measures for the 
accomplishment of an object. Sir Robert Wal- 
pole was in many respects a prudent statesman, 
but he was far from being a wise one. Burke has 
remarked that prudence, when carried too far, 
degenerates into a " reptile virtue," which is the 
more dangerous for the plausible appearance it 
wears. 

WISE, a. Properly, having knowledge; having 
wisdom; discreet and judicious in the applica- 
tion of knowledge; knowing or skilled in sci- 
ence, arts, &c. ; pious ; dictated by or containing 
wisdom. — Syn. Sage; sagacious; learned; judi- 
cious; prudent; godly. 

WISE, n. A manner or way, used in composition, 
as likewise, &c. 

WISE'a-CRE, n. Corrupted from the German 
weissager, wise sayer, one who makes great pre- 
tensions to wisdom. 

WISE'LING, n. One who pretends to be wise. 

WTSE'LY, ad. With wisdom; judiciously; pru- 
dently ; sagaciously. 

WISH, v. t. To desire or to long for; to be dis- 
posed or inclined. [sire. 

WISH, v. i. To desire something ; to express de- 

WISH, n. Desire or thing desired; desire ex- 
pressed. 

WiSH'ER, n. One who wishes. 

WiSH'FUL, a. Having desire or ardent desire; 
showing desire ; eager. 

WiSH'FUL-LY, ad. With earnest desire; with 
the show of desiring. 



WISK'ET, n. A basket. 

WISP, n. A small bundle of straw or hay. 

WIST'FUL, a. Full of thoughts ; attentive ; earn- 
est. 

WIST'FUL-LY, ad. Attentively ; earnestly. 

WIT, n. Formerly, mental ability; knowledge; 
hence, ingenuity in flashing upon the mind some 
novel combination of ideas, which produces a lu- 
dicrous effect; a person having this power. — Syn. 
Humor. — Wit (Saxon, ivitian, to know) formerly 
meant genius, and now denotes the power of 
seizing on some thought or occurrence, and, by 
a sudden turn, presenting it under aspects wholly 
new and unexpected — apparently natural and ad- 
missible, if not perfectly just, and bearing on the 
subject, or the parties concerned, with a laugh- 
able keenness and force. " What I want," said 
a pompous orator, aiming at his antagonist, "is 
common sense." "Exactly .'" was the whispered 
reply. The pleasure we find in wit arises from 
the ingenuity of the turn, the* sudden surprise it 
brings, and the patness of its application to the 
case, in the new and ludicrous relations thus 
flashed upon the view. Humor is a quality 
more congenial than wit to the English mind. 
It consists primarily in taking up the peculiar- 
ities of a humorist (a class of persons in which 
England abounds), and drawing them out, as Ad- 
dison did those of Sir Roger de Coverley, so that 
we enjoy a hearty, good-natured laugh at the un- 
conscious development he makes of his whims 
and oddities. From this original sense the term 
has been widened to embrace other sources of 
kindly mirth of the same general character. In 
a well-known caricature upon English reserve, an 
Oxford student is represented as standing on the 
brink of a river, greatly agitated at the sight of 
a drowning man before him, and crying out, "Oh, 
that I had been introduced to this gentleman, 
th:it I might save his life!" The Silent Woman 
of Ben Jonson is the most humorous production, 
in the original sense of the term, which we have 
in our language. 

WIT, v. t. To know, used only in to wit, or name- 
ly, that is to say. 

WITCH, v. t. To practice enchantment; to en- 
chant ; to charm ; to bewitch. 

WITCH, n. A woman who practices sorcery or 
enchantment; a child's toy. 

WITCH'€RaFT,J n. The practice of witches; 

WITCH'ER-Y, j sorcery ; enchantment ; fas- 
cination. 

WiTCH'ING, a. Suited to enchantment or witch- 
craft. 

WITH, prep. By; denoting nearness or means; 
also in opposition to, or in competition or con- 
trast; in consent; noting parity of state. 

WITH-AL', ad. Along with the rest; besides. 

WITH'DRAW, v. t. or v. i. To draw back ; to 
take back ; to cause to leave ; to call back or 
away ; to quit a company or place. — Syn. To re- 
treat ; retire ; recede ; retrograde ; recall ; re- 
tract. 

WITH-DRAW'ING-ROOM. See Drawing-boom. 

WITH-DRAW'MENT,) n. Taking back or re- 

WITH-DRAW'AL, / calling. 

WITHE, n. A willow twig ; a band of twigs. 

WITH'ER, v. t. or v. i. To cause to shrink, wrin- 
kle, or decay; to fade; to waste or pine away; 
to lose or want animal moisture. — Syn. To decay; 
perish ; wilt ; dry. 

WITH'ERS, n. pi. The joining of the shoulder 
bones of a horse. 

WITH'ER-STRaP, n. A strap which attaches 
the breast collar to the pad or saddle. 

WITH'ER-WRuNG, a. Injured or hurt in the 
withers. 

WITH-HoLD', v. t. ipret. Withiik' \ ; pp. With- 
held, Witiiholden.] To keep back ; to restrain ; 
not to grant. — Syn. To hinder; forbear; refrain. 



A, e, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — care, far, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird; move, 



"WIT 



519 



WOO 



WITH-iN', prep. In the inner part ; in Ihc limit 
or compass of : not reaching to any thing exter- 
nal; in the reach of. 

WITH-iN', ad. In the inner part ; inwardly; in- 
ternally. 

WITH-OUT', prep. Out ; beyond ; not with ; in 
the state of not having ; except. 

WITH-OUT', ad. On the outside ; not on the in- 
side; externally; out of doors. 

WITH-STaND', v. t. {.pp. Withstood.] To op- 
pose ; to resist either moral or physical force. 

WITH-STAND'ER, n. One who resists. 

WITH'Y, n. A large species of willow. 

WITH'Y, a. Made of withes ; flexible. 

WIT'LESS, a. Wanting understanding; indis- 
creet; not under the guidance of judgment. 

WiT'LING, n. A pretender to wit ; a simpleton. 

WIT'NESS, n. Testimony to a fact ; a person who 
sees and testifies; one who attests a writing. 

WiT'NESS, v. t. or v. i. To see or know ; to bear 
testimony ; to give testimony to ; to see the exe- 
cution of an instrument, and subscribe it for the 
purpose of establishing its authenticity. — Sra. 
To behold ; testify ; attest ; certify ; depose. 

WIT'-SXAP-PER, n. One who affects wit. 

WIT'TED, a. Endued with wit. 

WIT'TI-CLSM, n. A sentence or phrase affectedly 
witty ; a low kind of wit. 

WIT'TI-LY, ad. With wit ; ingeniously. 

WIT'TI-NESS, n. The quality of being witty; 
smartness; keenness. 

WIT TIN G-LY, ad. Knowingly; by design. 

WIT'TOL, n. A man who knows his wife's infi- 
delity, and submits to it ; a tame cuckold. 

WIT'TY, a. Possessed of or full of wit; inventive; 
ingenious ; humorous. — Sy>~. Shain ; smart ; 
arch; facetious; sati:ical. 

Wi YE, v. i. or v. t. To marry or to match to a wife. 

WIZ'ARD, n. A conjurer; an enchanter. 

WiZ'ARD, a. Enchanting; haunted by wizards. 

Wo, n. A heavy calamity. See Woe. 

Wo'AD, n. A plant formerly used as a blue dye. 

WO'BE-GONE (-gawn), a. Overwhelmed with woe; 
immersed in grief and sorrow. 

Wu'Di?N, n. An Anglo-Saxon deity from whom 
Wednesday derived its name. 

Wot) (y- T 6), n. ; pi. Woes (woze). A heavy calam- 
ity; misery; Borrow. 

Wo'FUL, a. Distressed with grief or calamity; 
full of distress ; bringing calamity ; pitiful. — 
Syn. Calamitous ; sorrowful; afflictive; piteous; 
miserable. 

Wo'FUL-LY, ad. Calamitously ; sorrowfully ; 
wretchedly ; extremely. 

Wo'FUL-NESS, n. A calamitous state; misery. 

WOLF'(wulf ), n. ; pi. Wolves (woolvz). A rapa- 
cious animal. 

WOLF'-D6G, n. A large breed of dogs, kept to 
guard siieep. 

WOLF'ISH, a. Like a wolf. 

WOLF'S'BaNE, n. A poisonous plant ; aconite. 

WOL-VER-eNE', n. A quadruped closely allied 
to the glutton near the Arctic Sea. 

WoM'AN (woom'an), n. ; pi. Wom'en (wim'en). 
The female of the human race, grown to adult 
years. 

WoM'AN-HOOD, n. The state, character, or 
qualities of a woman. 

WoM'AN-ISH, a. Suitable to a woman; having 
the qualities of a woman ; feminine. 

WoM'AN-KiND. n. The female sex; the race of 
females ofthe human kind. 

Wb.M'AN-LlKE, a. Like a woman. 

WbM'AN-LY (woom'an-ly), ad. As suits or be- 
comes a woman. 

WoMB (woom), n. The uterus of a female; the 
place where any thing is produced ; any large or 
deep cavity. 

WOMBAT, n. A quadruped of the opossum fam- 
ily in Australia. . 



WON'DER (wun'der), n. Emotion of surprise or 
admiration ; tliat which excites surprise; a strange 
thing. — Syn. Astonishment; amazement; admi- 
ration ; marvel. 

WON'DER (wun'der), v. i. To be affected by sur- 
prise or admiration. 

WON'DER-FUL, a. Adapted to excite surprise or 
admiration;" exciting surprise. — Syn. Astonish- 
ing; surprising; strange; admirable; wtarvel- 
ous. which see. 

WON'DER-FUL-LY, ad. So as to excite surprise. 

WON'DER-FUL-NESS, n. Quality of being won- 
derful. 

WON'DROUS (wun'drus), a. Such as may excite 
surprise or astonishment. — Syn. Wonderful ; 
strange; prodigious; marvelous; admirable. 

WON'DROUS-LY, ad. In a way to surprise. 

WONT (wiint), a. Accustomed; used. 

WONT (wiint), v. i. To be accustomed or habitu- 
ated. 

WONT'ED (wiint'ed), a. Accustomed; made fa- 
miliar, [tomed. 

WONT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being accus- 

WOO, v. t. or v. i. To solicit in marriage; to 
court; to make love; to invite with importu- 
nity. 

WOOD, n. A collection of trees; a forest; the 
substance of trees ; trees cut or sawed for the fire ; 
timber. 

WOOD, v. i. To supply or get supplies of wood. 

WOOD'BIND,? n. A name given to the honey- 

WOOD'BINE,) suckle. 

WOOD'-CHuCK, 11. The popular name of a small 
burrowing quadruped. 

WOOD'-€6CK, n. A bird allied to the snipe. 

WOOD'-CRaFT, n. Skill and practice in shoot- 
ing and other sports in the wood. 

WOOD'-CuT, n. An engraving on wood. 

WOOD'-€0T-TER, n. A person who cuts wood. 

WOOD'-DRINK, n. A decoction or infusion of 
medicinal woods. 

WOOD'ED, a. Supplied or covered with wood. 

WOOD'i'N (53) (wood'n), a. Made of wood ; hard ; 
clumsy. 

WOOD'-EN-GRaV'ING, n. The act or art of en- 
graving on wood ; an engraving on wood. 

WOOD'-tfN-SPOON, n. Name given to him who 
receives the lowest honor at the college or uni- 
versity. 

WOOD'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed for wood. 

WOOD'-LaND, n. Land producing wood. 

WOOD'-LAND, a. Covered with woods. 

WOOD'-LXRK, n. A species of lark, which, like 
the skv-lark, utters its notes while on the wing. 

WOOD'LESS, a. Destitute of wood. 

WOOD'-MaN, n. One who cuts down trees ; a 
forest officer ; a sportsman. [er. 

WOOD'-MON G -GER (-mung-ger), n. A wood-sell- 

WOOD'-NoTE, n. A wild music. 

WOOD'-NYMPH (-nimf), n. A fabled goddess of 
the woods. 

WOOD'-P£CK-ER, n. Name of a bird of strong 
bill that pecks holes in trees to obtain insects 
for food. 

WOOD'-PiG-EON, n. The ring-dove. 

WOOD'-REEVE, n. In England, the steward or 
overseer of a wood. 

WOOD'Y, a. Abounding with or consisting of 
wood ; ligneous ; pertaining to woods ; sylvan. 

WOO'ER, n. One who solicits in marriage. 

WOOF, n. The threads that cross the warp in 
weaving ; the weft ; texture ; cloth. 

WOOF'Y, a. Having a close texture, as a woofy 
cloud. 

WOO'ING-LY, ad. With earnest entreaty. 

WOOL, n. The soft hair, approaching sometimes 
to fur, that covers sheep and other animals ; 
short, thick hair, as of a negro. 

WOOL'-€oMB-ER, n. One whose occupation is 
to comb wool. 



dove, wolf, book; eule, dull; vi"cious. — o as k; g as j, s as z; ch as sn; this. "** Xot English. 



woo 



520 



WOR 



WOOLD, v. t. To wind a rope round a mast or 
yard, when made of two or more pieces, for sup- 
port. 

WOOLD'ING, n. The act of winding, as a rope 
round the mast ; the rope used for binding masts 
and spars. 

WOOL'EN (53), a. Made of wool; consisting of 
wool ; pertaining to wool. 

WOOL'EN, n. Cloth made of wool. 

WOOL'EN-DRa-PER, n. One who deals in wool- 
en goods. 

WOOL'FEL, n. A skin with the wool on. 

WOOL'-GAT H-EK-ING, n. A term applied to a 
vagrant or idle exercise of the imagination, lead- 
ing often to the neglect of present objects. 

WOOL'-GRoW-ER (-gro-er), n. A person who 
raises sheep for the production of wool. 

WOOL'I-NESS, n. State of being woolly. 

WOOL'LY, a. Consisting of wool or like it; 
clothed with wool. 

WOOL'-PACK, n. A bag or pack of wool; any 
thing bulky without weight. 

WOOL'-SACK, n. A sack or seat made of wool ; 
the seat of the lord chancellor and of the judges 
in the House of Lords. 

WOOL'-STa-PLER, re. One who deals in wool. 

WORD (ward), n. Oral or written expression rep- 
resenting ideas. The Word of God is revealed 
truth. See Term. 

W6RD, v. t. To express in words. 

WORD'-CATCH-ER, re. One who cavils at words. 

WORD'I-NESS (wurd'e-ness), re. An abounding 
with words ; verboseness. 

WORD'Y (wiird'y), a. Using many words; ver- 
bose ; containing many words; full of words. 

WORK (wiirk), v. i. [pret. and pp. Worked, 
Wrought.] In a general sense, to move one 
way and another ; to perform, as a machine works 
well; to be occupied with labor; to be in action 
or motion ; to act or operate ; to produce effects ; 
to ferment. — Syn. To labor ; toil ; operate. 

WORK, v. t. To move, stir, or mix, as to work 
mortar; to form or produce by motion, labor, or 
violence; to direct by influence or otherwise; to 
make ; to ferment. 

WORK, n. Exertion of strength ; labor, or state 
of labor ; the result of labor, as good ivork, &c. ; 
that on which one is employed, as my work; 
some important deed, as a great work. Works, 
plural, denote walls, trenches, &c, in fortification; 
in theology, external performances or moral du- 
ties. — Syn. Labor ; employment ; toil; occupa- 
tion ; production ; achievement. 

WORK'A-BLE (wiirk'a-bl), a. That can be work- 
ed or that is worth working. 

WORK'-BaG, n. A lady's reticule or bag for 
holding work. 

WORK'ER, n. One who works or performs. 

WORK'-FeL-LoW (wurk'-fel-lo), n. One en- 
gaged in the same work with another. [bor. 

WORK'-FoLK (wurk'-foke), n. Persons that la- 

WORK'-HOUSE, n. A house where the idle or 
vicious are confined for labor. 

WORK'ING, 7i. The act of motion or labor; op- 
eration ; fermentation. 

WORK'ING-DaY,J n. Any day of the week ex- 

WORK'-DaY, j" cept the Sabbath. 

WORK'MAN (wurk'man), n. A laborer; a skill- 
ful artificer. 

WORK'MAN-LlKE,Ta. Skillful; well perform- 

WORK'MAN-LY, j* ed. 

WORK'MAN-LY (wurk'man-ly), ad. As it be- 
comes a workman. 

WORK'MAN-SHIP (wurk'man-ship), n. Work 
done; manufacture; manner of making; the skill 
of a workman ; the art of making. 

WORK'SHOP (wuik'shop), n. A shop where work 
is done. 

WORK'-Ta-BLE, n. A small table containing 
draAvers, &c, for ladies' work. 



WORLD (wfirld), n. The universe ; the earth ; 
the heavens; system of beings; present state of 
existence ; a secular life ; public life or society ; 
a great quantity; mankind; people in general; 
course of life ; time. 

WORLD'LI-NESS (wurld'Ie-ness), n. Predomi- 
nant love of earthly things ; covetousness. 

WORLD'LING (wiirld'ling), n. One who is de- 
voted to riches or to worldly things. 

WORLD'LY (wurld'ly), a. Devoted to worldly 
possessions and enjoyments ; pertaining to the 
world. — Syn. Secular; temporal; common; hu- 
man ; earthly. 

WORLD'LY, ad. With relation to this life. 

WORM (wurm), n. Any small creeping reptile; 
any thing spiral or resembling a worm, as the 
worm of a distillery, the worm of a gun ; figura- 
tively, remorse of conscience. 

WORM (wurm), v. i. and v. t. To work slowly or 
imperceptibly; to undermine by slow and secret 
means. _ 

WORM'-eAT-J&N (wiirm'-e-tn), a. Gnawed by 
worms ; old ; worthless. 

WORM'-FeNCE, re. A zigzag fence, made by 
placing the ends of the rails upon each other, 
called also stake-fence. 

WORM'ING, n. The act or operation of cutting a 
worm-like ligament from under a dog's tongue. 

WORM'-LlKE (wurm'-), a. Resembling a worm; 
spiral. 

WORM'WOOD, n. A very bitter plant. 

WORM'Y (wiirm'y), a. Abounding with worms; 
containing a worm; earthly; groveling. 

WOR'RI-ER (wur're-er), n. One that worries or 
harasses. 

WOR'RY (wiir'ry), v. t. To harass with importu- 
nity, care, anxiety, or labor ; to mangle with the 
teeth; to persecute brutally. — Syn. To tease; 
trouble; fatigue; vex. 

WOR'RY, n. Vexation ; something that troubles 
or disquiets, &c. 

WORSE (wurse), a. More bad; more unfortunate; 
more sick. The worse, the loss ; the disad- 
vantage ; something less good. 

WORSE (wurse), ad. So as to be more evil or ca- 
lamitous. 

WOR'SHIP (wur'ship), n. Religious homage and 
service ; a term of honor used in addressing cer- 
tain magistrates ; a term of ironical respect ; civil 
deference ; idolatry of lovers. — Syn. Adoration ; 
reverence ; devotion ; veneration ; honor ; re- 
spect, &c. 

WOR'SHIP (wur'ship), v. t. or v. i. To pay divine 
honors to ; to treat with civil reverence ; to rev- 
erence with supreme respect, &c. ; to perform acts 
of adoration or religious service. — Syn. To adore ; 
revere ; reverence ; honor ; bow to. 

WOR'SHIP-ER (wur'ship-er), n. One who pays 
divine honors. 

WOR'SHIP-FUL, a. Worthy of honor, a term of 
respect. Sometimes ironically. [fully. 

WOR'SHIP-FUL-LY, ad. With honor; respec't- 

WORST (wurst), n. The most evil, severe, dan- 
gerous, or distressing state; the height of what 
is bad. -* 

WORST (wurst), v. t. To defeat ; to overthrow. 

WORST'ED (wust'ed), n. Yarn made from wool 
drawn out into long filaments by passing it when 
oiled through heated combs. 

WORST'ED (wust'ed), a. Consisting of worsted. 

WORT (wfirt), n. The name of certain plants, used 
in compounds, as mugwort, &c. ; a plant of the 
cabbage kind ; new beer unfermented or in the 
act of fermentation ; the sweet infusion of malt. 

WORTH (wurth), v. i. Be, as woe worth the day. 

WORTH (wurth), n. That quality of a thing which 
renders it useful or an equivalent for some other 
good; value of mental qualities; comparative im- 
portance ; valuable qualities. — Syn. Value ; ex- 
cellence; desert; merit; price; rate. 



>YOR 



521 



WRI 



WORTH (wiirth), a termination, signifies a farm or 
court. 

WORTH (wiirth), a. Equal in value to ; deserving 
of; equal in possessions to. 

WORTH'I-LY (wiir'the-ly), ad. So as to deserve 
well; justly; not without cause. 

WORTH'I-NESS (wur'the-ness), n. The state of 
being worthy or excellent ; the quality or state 
of deserving. — Syn. Merit; worth; desert; ex- 
cellence; dignity; virtue. 

WORTH'LESS (wurth'less), a. Being of or having 
no value of character, dignity, or excellence. — 
Syn. Valueless; undeserving; vile; base; mean; 
contemntible. 

WORTH'LESS-NESS (wurth'less-), n. State of 
being worthless. 

WORTH'Y (wur'thy), a. Having merit ; possess- 
ing worth; having* qualities suited to; equal in 
value. — Syn. Deserving; meritorious; excellent; 
equivalent; valuable; virtuous; estimable; suit- 
able, &c. 

WORTH'Y (wiir'thy), n. A man of eminent worth. 

WOUND (woond or wound), n. A hurt or bruise ; 
a breach of the skin and flesh ; an injury. 

WOUND (woond or wound), v. t. To hurt by vio- 
lence. | 

W before r is silent. 

WRaITH (rathe), n. An apparition of a person 
seen before death or a little after. 

WRAN G 'GLE (rang'gl), n. A noisy or angry quar- 
rel or dispute. — Syn. Brawl; bickering; jangle; 
contest; controversy; altercation, which see. 

WRaN*'GLE (rang'gl), v. i. To dispute noisily or 
peevishly. 

WRaN g 'GLER (rang'gler), n. One who wrangles. 
Senior torangler, in the University of Cambridge, 
the student who passes the best examination in 
the senate-house. 

WR iN G 'GLING, n. The act of disputing angrily. 

WRAP (rap), v. t. To roll together ; to fold ; to 
inclose. 

WRaP'PAgE, n. That which wraps. 

WRAP'PER (rap'per), n. One who wraps ; a cover. 

WRATH (rath), n. Violent anger; the effects 
of anger; the just punishment of offense or 
crime. — Syn. Fury; rage; vengeance; indigna- 
tion ; resentment ; passion. [The English uni- 
versally pronounce this word wroth; but this is 
contrary to analogy, which gives the Italian 
sound, almost without exception, to the letter a 
before th, as in jjath, &c] 

WRaTH'FUL (rath'-), a. Very angry; greatly 
incensed ; springing from wrath or expressing it. 
— Syn. Furious ; raging ; indignant ; resentful ; 
passionate. 

WRXTH'FUL-LY (rath'-), ad. With violent an- 
ger. 

AY RATH'LESS (rath'-), a. Free from anger ; calm. 

WRXTH'Y (riith'y), a. Very angry. 

WReAK (reek), v. t. Primarily, to drive or throw 
with violence ; hence, to hurl or drive ; to exe- 
cute or inflict, as to loreak vengeance on an en- 
emy. 

WReATH (reeth), n. Any thing twisted; a gar- 
land. Plural, wreaths, not wreaths; see § 76. 

WREATHE (reethe), v. t. To wind about ; to inter- 
weave ; to encircle, as a garland or as with a gar- 
land ; v. i. to be interwoven. 

WREATH' Y(reefch'y), a. Twisted; curled; spiral. 

WRECK (rek), v. t. or v. i. To drive against the 
shore or dash against the rocks, break, or de- 
stroy ; to ruin ; to suffer total loss of. 

WRECK (rSk), n. Shipwreck ; ruins of a ship ; 
ruin ; dissolution by violence ; the remains of 
any thing ruined. 

WRECK'ER (rek'er), n. One who seeks the wrecks 
of ships for plunder or otherwise. 

WReCK'-MaS-TER (rek'-), n. A person appoint- 
ed by law to take charge of goods, &c, thrown on 
shore after shipwrecks. 



WReN (rSn), n. A small familiar bird. 

WRENCH (rC-nch), v. t. To pull with a twist; to 
6prain ; to force by violence ; to distort. — Syn. 
To twist ; wrest; strain. 

WRENCH (rlnch), n. A pulling with a twist; a 
sprain ; an instrument for screwing or unscrewing 
iron work. 

WREST (rust), v. t. To take away or twist by vio- 
lence ; to turn from the truth by false construc- 
tion. — Syn. To wrench; wring; extort; pervert; 
distort. 

WREST (rest), n. A distortion ; violent pulling 
and twisting; perversion. 

WREST'ER crest'-), n. One who distorts. 

WRES'TLE (rus'sl), v. i. To try to throw with 
the arms extended ; to strive with effort. — Syn. 
To struggle ; strive ; contend. 

WREST'LER (res'ler), n. One that is skilled in 
wrestling. 

WREST'LING-, n. The exercise or act of striving 
to throw or struggling. — Syn. Strife; struggle; 
contention; contest, &c. 

WRETCH (retch), n. A miserable or a worthless 
person, or one sunk in vice. It is sometimes used 
to express pity, as a poor wretch. — Syn. Villain ; 
profligate; scoundrel; rascal. 

WRETCH'ED (rcch'ed), a. Very miserable ; very 
afflicting ; very poor, mean, or hatefully vile, &c. 
— Syn. Unhappy; afflicted; calamitous; worth- 
less; vile. [despicablv. 

WRETCH'ED-LY (r5ch'ed-ly), ad. Miserably ; 

WRETCH'ED-NESS (rSch'ed-), n. Great misery 
or unhappiness from want or sorrow ; meanness. 
— Syn. Destitution; unhappiness; misery; dis- 
tress ; despicableness. 

WRIG'GLE (rig'gl), v. i. To move to and fro 
with short motions. 

WRIG'GLER, n. One who wriggles. 

WRlGHT (rite), n. An artificer; one occupied in 
some branch of mechanical business, chiefly used 
in compounds, asm shipuriglit, wheelwright. 

WRING (ring), v. t. or v. i. \_pret. and pp. Wringed 
or Wrung.] To turn and strain violently; to 
force by twisting; to press with pain or perse- 
cute with extortion; to bend or strain out of its 
position ; to twist, as with anguish. — Syn. To 
twist ; writhe ; torture ; extort ; distort ; strain ; 
squeeze. 

WRING (ring), n. Action of anguish. 

WRING'-BoLT, n. A bolt used by shipwrights 
to bend and secure the planks against the timbers 
till they are fastened by bolts, &c. 

WRING'ER (ring'er), n. He or that which rings. 

WRIN'KLE (rink'kl), n. A ridge or crease formed 
by the shrinking or contraction of any smooth 
substance ; a fold or rumple in cloth ; roughness 
or uneven ness; furrow. 

WRIN'KLE (rink'kl), v. t. To contract in ridges 
and furrows; to make rough or uneven; v. i. to 
shrink into furrows and ridges. 

WRIST (rlst), n. The joint connecting the hand 
with the arm. 

WRI ST'BAND (rist'band), n. The part of a sleeve 
that covers the wrist. 

WRIT (tit), n. A writing ; especially the Scrip- 
tures, as holy writ. In law, a precept to the 
sheriff or other officer commanding some act. 

WRITE (rite), v. t. tpret. Wbote; pp. Written.] 
To form letters and words with a pen or style ; to 
frame or combine ideas and express them in 
words ; to recite or relate in books ; to communi- 
cate by letter; to use the style of. — Syn. To en- 
grave; copy; transcribe; compose; send; recite. 

WRITE, o. i. To perform the act of forming let- 
ters, characters, or figures; to act as a clerk. 

WRIT'ER (ri'ter), n. One who writes or has writ- 
ten. Writer to the signet, one of the highest class 
of lawyers in Scotland. — Syn. A scribe ; penman ; 
amanuensis; clerk; author. 

WRITHE (lithe), v. t. or v. i. To twist with vio- 



doye, -wolf, eook ; rule, bull ; vF'cious. — € as k ; g as j ; s as z ; ch as bh ; this. 



Xot English. 



WEI 



522 



YEL 



lence; to be twisted or distorted.— Syn. To twist; 
wrest ; distort. 

WRiT'ING (ri'ting), n. Act of forming letters 
with a pen ; that which is written ; a book ; any 
written composition, inscription, &c. 

WRTT'ING-MaS-TER, n. One who teaches the 
art of penmanship. 

WRiT'INGS (ri'tingz), n. pi. Conveyances of 
lands; deeds. 

WRiT'Tl?N (53) (rit'tn), a. Expressed in letters. 

WRONG ('ong), n. Whatever deviates from recti- 
tude; any injury done to another; violation of 
right.— Syn. Iniquity; perversity; injustice; in- 
jury. 

WRONG (rong), a. Not fit; not right; not just, 
proper, legal, or true. — Syn. Injurious; unjust; 
faulty; unsuitable; incorrect; erroneous. 

WRONG (rong), v. t. To injure; to treat with in- 
justice ; to deprive of right. 

WRONG'FUL (rong'ful), a. Unjust or injurious 
in effect or tendency ; iniquitous. 

WRONG'FUL- LY, ad. With injustice. 

WRONG'-HeAD-ED (rong'-hed-ed), a. Wrong in 
mind ; perverse ; wrong in opinion or principle. 

WRONG'LY (rung'-), ad. With injustice; unjust- 
ly; amiss. 

WRONG'NESS (rong'-), n. Wrong disposition; 
error. 

WROTH (rawth), a. Angry; exasperated; in- 
flamed with anger. 

WROUGHT (rawt), a. Formed by labor; effect- 
ed ; worked ; used in labor. 

WRy (ri), a. Twisted; turned to one side; devi- 
ating from the right direction; wrested. 

WRy'-NeCK, n. A distorted neck; a disease in 
sheep ; a small bird allied to the woodpecker. 

WRy'NESS, n. The state of being wry or dis- 
torted. 



Y. 



X. 



"V" is a double consonant. In the middle and in 

-^*- the end of words it has the sound of ks. At 
the beginning of a word it has the sound of z. 
X, as a numeral, stands for ten. 

XaN'THIC (zan'thik), a. Tending to a yellow 
color. 

XaN'THiNE, n. The yellow dyeing matter in 
madder. 

XaN'THO-gEN, n. The base of hydroxanthic 
acid, procured by the action of carburet of sul- 
phur and potash, regarded as analogous to cyan- 
ogen. 

Xe'BEC (ze'bek), n. A small three-masted vessel. 

XeN'O-TIME, n. A native phosphate of yttria 
having a yellowish-brown color. 

XE-Ro'DE$, n. Any tumor with dryness. 

XE-RO-My'RUM, n. A dry ointment. 

XE-ROPH'A-gY (ze-rof'a-jy), n. The eating of 
dry meats, a sort of fast among the primitive 
Christians. 

XE-Ro'TES (ze-ro'tez), n. A dry habit. 

Xl-LO-BAL'SA-MUM, n. The wood of the bal- 
sam-tree. 

XiPH'1-AS, n. The sword-fish; a comet shaped 
like a sword. 

XIPH'OID (zif'oid), a. The name of a small car- 
tilage placed at the bottom of the breast-bone. 

Xy'LiTE, n. A liquid obtained by distilling com- 
mercial pyroxylic spirit from chlorid of calcium. 

Xy-LO-GRAPH'I€ (zl-lo-graf'ik), a. Belonging 
to xylography or wood engraving. 

Xy-LOG'RA-PHY, n. The art or act of engraving 
in wood. 

Xy-LOPH'A-GOUS (zi-lof'a-gus), a. Eating or 
feeding on wood. 

XYS'TER, n. A surgeon's instrument for scraping 
bones. 



T7~ is used both as a consonant and a vowel. In 

- 1 - many words, gr, in the Anglo-Saxon, has been 

changed into ?/, as gear into year. In the middle 

and end of words, y is the same as i. 

YACHT (yot), n. A light and elegantly-furnished 

pleasure-boat ; a vessel of state. 
YACHT'ING, n. Sailing on pleasure excursions 
in a yacht. 

+ Y a'GER, n. One of a kind of light infantry arm- 
ed with rifles. 

YAK, n. A .species of ox found in Central Asia, 
with a tail like a horse. 

YAM, n. An esculent root of tropical climates. 

YaN'KEE, n. A corrupt pronunciation of the 
word English, or French Anglois, by native In- 
dians ; a popular name for inhabitants of New 
England. 

YaRD, n. A measure of three feet ; an inclosure; 
a long, nearly cylindrical piece of timber slung to 
a mast for spreading square sails upon. 

YaRD, v. t. To confine in a yard, as cattle. 

YaRD'-aRM, n. Either half of a ship's yard from 
the center to the end. 

YaRD'-STICK, \ n. A stick three feet long, used 

YaRD'- WAND, J as a measure. 

YARN, n. Spun wool, flax, or cotton; in rope- 
making, one of the threads or strands of which 
the rope is composed ; among seamen, a story 
spun out by a sailor for the amusement of his 
mess-mntes, &c. 

YAT'A-GHAN, n. A long Turkish dagger. 

YAW, v. i. To rise in blisters [West Indies']; in 
navigation, to deviate from her course in steer- 
ing, as a ship. 

YAWL, n. A ship's boat like a pinnace, usually 
rowed by four or six oars. 

YAWL, v. i. To cry out or howl like a dog, usu- 
ally pronounced yowl. 

YAWN, v. i. To have the mouth open involunta- 
rily from drowsiness or dullness ; to gape ; to open 
wide. 

YAWN, n. A gaping. 

YAWN'ING, n. The act of gaping or opening 
wide. 

YAWN'ING, a. Opening wide; gaping; sleepy; 
drowsy ; dull. 

YAWS, n.pl. A severe cutaneous disease. 

YEa or YeA (ya or ye), ad. Yes ; verily ; certainly. 

YeAN (yeen), v. t. or v. i. To bring forth ; to 
lamb. 

YeAN'LING, n. The young of a sheep; a lamb. 

YeAR (yeer), n. Twelve calendar months. Years, 
in the plural, is sometimes equivalent to age or 
old age. 

YeAR'-BOOK, n. A book containing annual re- 
ports of cases adjudged in the courts of England; 
an annual published relating to science, &c. 

YeAR'LING, n. A beast a year old. 

YEAR'LING, a. Being a year old. 

YeAR'LY, a. Annual; coming every year; last- 
ing a year ; comprehending a year. 

YeAR'LY, ad. Annually ; once a year. 

YEARN (yern), v. i. To be pained or distressed; 
to suffer; to feel earnest desire; to long. 

YeARN'ING (yern'ing), a. Longing. 

YeARN'ING, n. Strong desire or tenderness. 

YEAST (yeest), n. The froth of malt liquors; 
any preparation which ferments dough for bread 
or cakes. 

YeAST'Y, a. Frothy ; like yeast ; foamy. 

YeLK, n. The yellow part of an egg. 

YELL, v. i. To utter a sharp, loud outcry; to cry 
or scream from pain or terror. 

YeLL,_«. A hideous outcry or scream. 

YeL'LoW (yel'lo), a. Being of a bright or gold 
color. 

YeL'LoW, n. A bright color ; a gold color. 



a, S, &c, long. — I, e, &c, short. — cake, fab, last, fall, what; theee, tef.m; maeine, bikd; move, 



YEL 



523 



ZEM 



YEL'LoW-BiRD, n. A small singing-bird, of a 
lemon-yellow color. 

YeL'LOW-BLoS-SOM J5D, a. Furnished or adorn- 
ed with yellow flowers. 

YeL-LoW-FE'VER, n. A bilious fever of warm 
climate*, which often tinges the skin with a yel- 
low hue. 

YEL'LoW-HAM'MER, n. A bird, called also the 
yellow bunting. 

YEL'LuW-ISH, a. Moderately yellow. 

Y£L'LoWISH-NESS,T n. The quality of being 

YEL'LoW-NESS, J yellow. 

YEL'LoWS, n. pi. A disease of the bile of horses, 
cattle, and sheep, in which the eyes are tinged 
with a yellow color ; also a disease of peach-trees. 

YELP, v. i. To bark, as a puppy or dog. 

YELP'ING, n. Act of barking. 

YEo'MAN (yo'man), n. A common man; a man 
free born; an officer in England; in ships, an 
inferior officer under the boatswain or guhner, 
charged with the stowage, &c, of the ship's stores. 

YEo'MAN-LiKE (yo'man-), a. Like a yeoman. 

YEo'MAN-LY (yo'man-), a. Pertaining to a yeo- 
man. 

YEo'MAN-RY (yf/man-ry), n. The common peo- 
ple ; the collective body of yeomen or freehold- 
ers. 

YeRK (13), v. t. To throw out ; to jerk. 

YES, ad. Yea; a word that assents or affirms. 

YEST. See Yeast. 

YeS'TER, \ a. Last; relating to the day last 

YeS'TERN.J past, as yester sun. 

YSS'TER-DAY, n. The day last past. 

YES'TER-NfGHT (-nite), n. The night last past. 

YeS'TY. See Yeasty. 

YET, con. or ad. Nevertheless ; besides ; at this 
time ; at least ; still ; even after all ; hitherto ; 
however, which see. 

YEW (yu), n. An evergreen-tree, often used in 
church-yards. 

YE_\V, a. Made of yew; belonging to yew. 

YIeLD (yeeld), v. t. To give as a product, i. e., 
to produce or afford ; to give into or admit, i. e., 
concede, grant ; to give up. — Syn. To produce ; 
bear; exhibit; allow; permit; resign; emit; sur- 
render, &c. 

YIELD, v. i. To give up; to give way or place. — 
Syn. To comply ; submit ; succumb. 

YIELD (yeeld), n. Amount yielded. — Syn. Prod- 
uct; growth; increase; crop; harvest. 

YIELD'ING (yeeld'ing), a. Inclined to give way 
or comply. — Syn. Submissive ; resigned ; flexi- 
ble ; accommodating. 

YIELD'ING, n. Act of producing; act of surren- 
dering. — Syn. Compliance ; concession ; surren- 
der; submission. 

YIeLD'ING-LY, ad. With compliance. 

YlELD'ING-NESS, n. Quality of yielding; dis- 
position to comply. 

YoKE, n. An instrument to connect oxen for 
work; a frame of wood fitted to the shoulders 
for carrying pails, &c, suspended to it; a frame 
at right angles to a boat's rudder, and from the 
end lines by which the boat is steered ; a mark 
of servitude ; a bond of connection ; bondage ; a 
couple or pair. — Syn. Slavery; servitude ; chain ; 
link. 

YoKE, v. t. To connect for work ; to join with an- 
other; to put a yoke on; to join in a yoke; to 
bring into bondage, &c. — Syn. To unite; couple; 
enslave ; restrain ; confine. 

YoKE'-FEL-LoW,? n. An associate; a compan- 

YoKE'-MaTE, f ion. 

YoLK (yolk or yok), n. The unctuous secretion 
from the skin of sheep ; the vitellus of seeds ; 
the yellow part of an egg. See Yelk. 

YoN (yon), ? a. Being at a distance ; 

YoN'DER (yon'der),] 

YoN'DER,/ ad - 



within view. 
At a distance ; within view. 



YoNK'ER (yunk'er), n. A young fellow. 

YoRE, ad. Long time past; of old time. Of yore, 
of old time ; long ago. 

YOu (yii), pron. Second person, singular or plu- 
ral. 

YOuNG (yung), a. Not having been long born; 
ignorant ; having little experience. 

YOuNG (yung), n. The offspring of animals, ei- 
ther a single animal or offspring collectively. 

YOuNG'lSlI (yung'ish), a. Somewhat young. 

YOuNG'LING (yiing'ling), n. An animal in the 
first part of life. 

YOuNG'STER (yung'-),) n. A young person; a 

YOuNK'ER, / boy; a lad. 

YOuR (31) (yure), pron. adj. Belonging to you ; 
used indefinitely, or as a substitute for a noun in 
the nominative or objective case. 

YOOR'SELF, pron. eviphatical. You only. 

YOUTH (yuth), n. The early part of life ; a yoiing 
person , young persons collectively. 

YOuTH'FUL (yuth'ful), a. Pertaining or suitable 
to the first part of life. — Syn. Young; fresh ; vig- 
orous; juvenile; puerile, which see. 

YOuTH'FUL-LY (vuth'ful-ly), ad. So as to re- 
semble the young ; according to youth. 

YOOTH'FUL-NESS, n. Youthful state. 

YOWL (yowl), v. i. To howl or cry like a dog 
[used in Scotland and America]. 

YT'TRI-A, n. A metallic oxyd, a white powder, 
insipid and insoluble in water. 

¥T'TUT-UM, n. The metallic base of yttria. 

Yu€'€A, n. A tree and its fruit, belonging to 
America. 

YuG, ) n. One of the ages into which the Hindoos 

YoG,J divide the existence of the world. 

Yu'LAN, n. A beautiful flowering tree in China. 

YuLE, n. The old name for Christmas. 



z. 



T7 is merely a vocal s, and bears the same relation 

^ to it which v does to /. 

ZaC'CHO, n. The lowest part of the pedestal of 
a column. 

ZaF'FER, n. Cobalt when freed of volatile matter. 

ZaM'BO, n. The child of a negro and mulatto. 

Za'NY, n. A buffoon ; a merry-andrew. 

Za'NY-ISM, n. The state or character of a zany. 

ZaP'OTE, n. In Mexico, the general name of 
roundish fruits with a hard stone. 

ZaR'NICH, n. The name of certain native sul- 
phurets of arsenic, &c. 

ZAX, n. An instrument for cutting slate. 

Za'YAT, n. A Burman caravansary or resting- 
jdace for travelers. 

Ze'A, n. The generic name of maize. There are 
two species. 

ZEAL (zeel), n. Passionate ardor for any thing. 

ZeAL'OT (z l'ot), n. One full of zeal. 

ZeAL'OUS (zCl'lus), a. Warmly engaged or ar- 
dent in pursuit of an object. — Syn. Eager; earn- 
est; fervent; hearty; strenuous; warm; passion- 
ate; enthusiastic. 

ZeAL'OUS-LY (zel'lus-ly), ad. With great ardor. 

ZEAL'OUS-NESS (zel'lus-ness), n. The quality 
of being earnest, ardent, or zealous; zeal. 

ZE'BRA, n. An animal like a horse marked with 
stripes. 

Ze'BU, n. An ox-like quadruped, with a large 
fatty hump on his back, called the Indian bull or 
cow. 

Ze CHIN (ze'kin), n. A Venetian gold coin, usu- 
ally written sequin. 

ZED, ii. The name of the letter Z. 

ZED'O-A-RY, n. An East Indian medicinal root. 

ZEM-IN-DaR', n. A landholder in India who un- 
derlets to tenants. [dar. 

ZfiM'IN-DA-RY, n. The jurisdiction of a zemin- 



dove, wolf, book ; EULE, BULL ; vi"ciocs. — € as k ; g as 3 \ e as z \ ch as 6H ; this. ■*" Not English. 



ZEN 



524 



ZYT 



ZeND, n. A language that formerly prevailed in 
Persia. 

ZfiND'A- VES-TA, n. A sacred book of the Gue- 
bres or Parsees, ascribed to Zoroaster, and rev- 
erenced as their Bible, or rule of faith and prac- 
tice. 

Ze'NITH, n. The point in the heavens directly 
over the spectator. 

Ze'O-LiTE, n. A mineral abundant in cavities 
of amygdaloids, basalts, and lavas ; a pyrous sil- 
icate of alumina, &c. 

ZEPH'YR (z.fur), n. A gentle west wind, and, 
poetically, any soft, mild, gentle breeze. 

Ze'RO, n. lit.} Cipher; nothing; the point of a 
thermometer from which it is graduated. 

ZEST, n. Originally, orange peel cut thin, used 
as a relish ; hence, something that gives a relish, 
or the relish itself; the thick woody skin quar- 
tering the kernel of a walnut. 

ZEST, v. t. To give a relish or flavor to ; to 
heighten taste or flavor; to squeeze the peel of 
an orange or lemon over the surface of any thing, 
or cut it from top to bottom into thin slips. 

Ze'TA, n. A Greek letter; a little apartment. 

ZE-TeT'I€, a. Proceeding by inquiry. 

ZEuG'LO-DON, n. An extinct or fossil species 
of a whale. 

ZEuG'MA (zag'ma), n. [Gr.] A figure in gram- 
mar by which an adjective or verb, agreeing with 
a nearer word, is referred to a more remote one ; 
an ellipsis. 

ZlB'ET, n. A small quadruped closely allied to 
the civet, and like the weasel. 

ZiG'ZAG, a. Having frequent short turns. 

ZiG'ZAG, n. Something with short turns. 

ZlXC, n. A metal called spelter, of a brilliant 
white color, with a shade of blue. 

ZIN-CIF'ER-OUS, \a. Containing zinc; pro- 

ZINOK-lF'ER-OUS, j ducing zinc. 

ZiNCK'Y, a. Pertaining to zinc ; like zinc. 

ZIN-€6G'RA-PHER, n. One who engraves on 
zinc. 

ZIN-€6G'RA-PHY, n. The art or process of en- 
graving on zinc. 

ZiNC'OUS, a. Pertaining to zinc, or to the posi- 
tive pole of a galvanic battery. 

Zi'ON, n. The name of a hill in Jerusalem ; the 
theocracy or church of God. 

ZiR'CON (17), n. A mineral containing zirconia 
and silica, and a minute portion of iron. 

ZiR-€(3'NI-A, n. An oxyd of the metal zirconi- 
um so hard as to scratch glass. 

Z±R-€o'NT-UM, n. The metallic base of zirconia 
in the form of a black powder. 

Zo'DI-A€, n. A broad circle in the heavens con- 
taining the twelve signs and the sun's path. 

ZO-Di'A€-AL, a. Pertaining to the zodiac. 

ZOLL'VE-RElN, n. A union establishing a uni- 
form rate of duties by certain German states. 



a band; a division 
having 



ZoXE, n. A girdle; a belt: 
_of the earth. 

ZoNi?D (zond), a. Wearing a zone 
zones or concentric bands. 

ZoNE'LESS, a. Having no zone. 

ZO-oG'RA-PHER, n. One who describes animals, 
their forms and habits. 

ZO-O-GRaPH'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to the de- 
scription of animals. 

ZO-oG'RA-PHY, n. The description of animals. 

ZO-oL'A-TRY, n. The worship of animals. 

ZO-O-LGg'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to zoology. 

ZO-oL'O-GlST, 11. One versed in zoology. 

ZO-OL'O-GY, n. The natural history of animals. 

ZO-6N'I€, a. Pertaining to animals; obtained 
from animal substances. 

ZO-oN'O-MY, n. The laws or the science of the 
phenomena of animal life, their causes and rela- 
tions. 

ZO-fiPH'A-GOUS (zo-of'a-gus), a. Feeding on 
animals. 

ZO-0-PH6R'I€, a. The zooplioric column is one 
_\vhich supports the figure of an animal. 

Zo'O-PHiTE, n. Literally, an animal plant; a 
body forming the connecting link between ani- 
mals and plants, as sponges, corals, &c. 

ZO-O-PHY-ToL'O-GY, n. The natural history 
of zoophytes. 

ZO-0-T6M'I€-AL, a. Relating to zootomy. 

ZO-oT'O-MIST, 1%. One who dissects the bodies 
of animals; a comparative anatomist. 

ZO-oT'O-MY, n. The dissection of animals. 

+ZOUXVE (zwiive), n. Name of an active and 
hardy body of soldiers in the French service, orig- 
inally composed mainly of Arabs, whence the 
name. They are now almost wholly Frenchmen. 

ZuF'FO-LO, n. A little flute or flageolet used to 
teach birds. 

ZU-MO-Log'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to zumology. 

ZU-MOL'O-GlST, 11. One versed in the fermenta- 
tion of liquors. 

ZU-MOL'O-GYJ n. The doctrine of fermentation 

Zv-MoL'O-gY, j of liquors, or a treatise on the 
same. 

ZU-M6M'E-TER. \ n. An instrument for meas- 

ZU-MO-SIM'E-TERJ uring the degree of fer- 
mentation of liquids, &c. 

ZYG-O-MaT'IC, a. Pertaining to the cheek-bone, 
called zygoma. 

Zv'MATE,\ n. A supposed compound of zymic 

Zu'MATE,/ acid with a base. 

Zv'MIC aC'IDJ n. An incorrectly-supposed pe- 

Zu'MI-G aC'1D,j" culiar acid formed by the ace- 
tous fermentation of vegetable 

ZY'MOiVr " 

Zl'MOME, 

and insoluble in alcohol. 

Zv'THUM, n. A beverage; a liquor made from 
malt and wheat. 



3ME,1 n. One of the supposed proximate 
• ME, j principles of gluten in wheat, tough 



a, e, &c, long. — a, e, &c, short. — cake, fak, last, fall, what; there, term; marine, bird ; move, 
dove, wolf, book ; rule, btjll ; vi"cious. — € as k ; g as j ; $ as z ; ch as sh ; this. + Not English. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



REMARKS. 

The accented syllable of each word is carefully marked, and this to a great extent decides the sound 
of the vowels. 

RULES FOR THE VOWELS. 

ACCENTED SYLLABLES.* 

1. If the accented syllable ends in a vowel, that vowel has always the long English sound ; as Ca'per 
(like pa'per), Ce'crops (like co'dar), Di'do (like dl'et), Co'ra (like co'Ion), Cu'res (like diYty). 

2. If the accented syllable ends in a consonant, its vowel has the short or shut English sound ; as 
Cal'vus (like baFance), Delphi (like seldom), Cin'na (like din'ner), Consul (like scoffer), Tus'cus (like 
mus'ter). 

UNACCENTED SYLLABLES. 

1. If the unaccented syllable ends in a consonant, its vowel has the regular short or shut English 
sound (as in No. 2, above) ; as Bal'bus, Ae'o-ris, &c. But e in final es, is pronounced ez, as Ar-va'les 
(like An'dos). 

2. If the unaccented syllable ends in a vowel, the folio-wing cases occur : — 
A has the Italian sound (as in fa'ther); as Ga-bi-na (gah-bi v -nah). 

I has its ions: English sound when it ends ajmal syllable, or precedes an accented syllable; as in 
I-u'li (pronounced I-u'II). But in all other cases, i ending an unaccented syllable, is pronounced like e; 
as Fa'bi-i (pronounced fVbe-i). 

Fis pronounced as i would be in the same situation. 

JS and o& are pronounced as e would be in the same situation. 

RULES FOR THE CONSONANTS. 

1. C before e, i, y, m and oz is pronounced like s ; as Ce'a, Cic'ero, Cyprus, Cse'sar, Coelia, &c. But 
c before a, o, and u, and also before consonants, has the sound of k, and is marked thus, € ; as Ca'to, 
Co'cles, Cu'ma?, &c. 

2. G before a, o, and u, and also before consonants other than g, has its hard sound (as in English 
gave) ; as Ga'bi-i, Go'bar, Sa-gun'tum, &c. . But G before e, i, y, m, oz, or another G followed by e, has 
its soft sound (like,?) and is marked thus ; G- as G-elo, G-y-gas'us, Ag'ger. 

3. Oh has always the sound of k, as in Chios (kios), except when it precedes a mute consonant at the 
beginning of a word, when the ch is silent; as Chtho'ni-a, (Tho'ni-a). 

4. T, s, and c, before ia, ie, ii, io. iu, and e?t, preceded immediately by the accent, change into sh 
and zh. as in English words; e. g., Pho'cion (fo'she-on), Ac'cius (ak'she-us). But when the accent falls 
on the first of the vowels following;, the consonant does not change into sJi or zh, but preserves its pure 
sound ; as Mil-ti'a-des, &c. T, in the termination Hon, also retains its original sound ; as Am-phic'ty-on. 

5. S has in general the sound of s in this. When it has the sound of z, it is marked thus, s. 

6. Initial X has the sound of Z; as Xan'the (Zan'the). 

7. Initial PH before a mute is silent; as Phthi'a (thi'a). Initial p before s is silent; as Psy'che 
(syTte). Initial p before t is silent; as Ptol-e-mpe'us (tol-e-mse'us). 

8. Greek words sometimes begin with the uncombinable consonants mn, tm, &c. ; as Mne-mos'y-ne, 
Tmo'lus, &c. In such cases the first consonant is mute, and the words are to be pronounced as if writ- 
ten Ne-mos'y-ne, Molus, &c. 

N. B. — This vocabulary contains the words in Walker's Key, together with large additions from 
Carr, Trollope, and other writers. It has been carefully revised 'by Prof. Thachee, of Yale College. 



AB 



AB 



AB 



AB 



AB 



A'BA 

Ab'a-a 

Ab'a-ba 

A-bac'e-na 

Ab-a-ca3 / num 

A-bre'a 

Ab'a-ga 



A-bas'a-rus 

Ab'a-la 

Ab'a-lus 

A-ba'na 

A-ban'tes 

Ab-an-ti'a-des 

A-ban'ti-as 



A-ban'ti-das 

A-ban'tis 

Ab-ar-ba're-a 

Ab'a-ri 

A-bar'i-mon 

A-ba'rus 

A'bas 



Ab-a-si'tis 

Ab-as-se'na 

Ab-as-se'ni 

A-bas'sus 

Ab'a-tos 

Ab-da-lon'i-mus 

Ab-de'ra 



Ab-de-ri'tes 

Ab-de'rus 

Ab-e-a'tae 

A-bella 

Ab-el-la'ni 

Ab-el-li'num 

Ab-el-li'nus 



• We have carefully abstained, throughout this Vocabulary, from marking the accented syllables with the long* and shorts [ — >—], 
as a guide to their sound in English pronunciation. Thv reason is an important one — such a marking would, in numerous instances, 
fahivi the quantity. The long and short characters, when applied to Greek and Latin words, are universally understood as indi- 
cating the quantity in those languages. To mark the following words thus, Ca'per, Ce'lix, Co'ra, Cii'res, is to represent the first 
syllable as long in'quantity, when it is, in fact, short; and in like manner Bfis'sus, Cal'pe, Cel'sus, Hun'ni, if thus marked, are 
held forth as having the penult short, when it is long in every instance. Many hundreds, if not thousands of words, have their 
quantity thus falsified, if we apply our English mode of marking to the case of 'Greek and Latin words. The only safe way is to 
illustrate the sound in question by a corresponding one in English ; but never to employ the long and short characters in connection 
with Latin and Greek words, except for their legitimate and established uses. 



526 AC 



AC 



MA 



MM 



AF 



A-belus 

Ab'e-lux 

A-beiFda 

Ab-es-sa'lon 

Ab'ga-rus or 

A-bag'a-rus 

A'bi-a 

Ab'i-la 

A-bis'a-res 

Ab-i-son'tes 

A-ble'rus 

A-ble'tes 

Ab'no-ba 

Ab-o-brFea 

A-bo'bus 

A-boee'ri-tua 

Ab-o-la'ni 

A-bo'lus 

A-bon-i-teFchos 

Ab-o-ra'ea 

Ab'o-raa 

Ab-o-rig'i-nea 

A-bor'raa 

Ab-ra-da'tes 

A-bra'ha-mus 

A-breiFti-ua 

A-broe'o-maa 

Ab-ro-di-ae'tus 

A'bron 

A-bro'ni-ua 

A-broiFy-eus 

A-bro'ta 

A-brot'o-iram 

A-bryp'o-lia 

Ab-sa'rus 

Ab-se'us 

Ab-siiFthi-i 

Ab-syr'tia, pi. 

-ti-des 
Ab-syr'tua 
Ab-u-lFtes 
A-lbua 

Ab-y-de'nus 
A-by'di 
A-by'dua 
Ab'y-la 
Ab'y-lon 
Ab-ys-sFni 
Ab-ys-sin'i-a 
A«-a-€aFlia 
Ae-a-ce'si-um 
A-ea'ci-us 
Ae'a-eua 
Ae-a-de'mi-a 
Ae-a-de'mua 
A-cseiFi-tua 
Ae-a-larFdrus 
A-eaFle 
A-ea-mar'chis 
Ae'a-mas 
A-eamp'sia 
A-ean'tba 
A-ean'thi-ne 
A-ear/tbua 
Ae'a-ra 
A-ea'ri-a 
Ae-ar-na'nes 
Ae-ar-na'ni-a 
A-ear'naa 
A-cas'ta 
A-eas'tus 
Ae-a-tban'tus 
Ae'a-ton 
As'ci-a 
Ae'ci-la 
Ae'ci-us 
Ae'cu-a 
A'ce 

Ac-e-dFci 
Ac'e-le 
Ac'e-lum 
A-ceph'a-li 
Ac-e-ra'tus 



A-cer'bas 

Ac-e-rFna 

A-cer'rae 

Ac-er-see'o-mes 

A'ces 

A-ce'si-a 

Ac-e-sFnes 

Ac-e-sFnus 

A-ce'si-us 

A-ces'ta 

A-ces'tes 

A-ces'ti-um 

A-ces-to-do'rua 

Ac-es-tor'i-des 

A-ce'tes 

Ach-a-by'toa 

A-chaFa 

A-cbae'i 

A-chae'i-um 

A-chsenFe-nes 

Acb-se-me'iii-a 

Acb-a>meiFi-des 

A-chre'us 

A-cha'i-a 

A-cha'ia 

Acb'a-ra 

Ach-a-reiFses 

A-char'nse 

A-cha'tes 

Ach-e-lo'i-des 

Ach-e-lo'ri-um 

Acb-e-lo'ua 

A-cher'dua 

A-cher'i-mi 

Acb'e-ron 

Acb-e-ron / ti-a 

Ach-e-riFai-a 

A-che'tns 

A-chiFlaa 

Acb-il-le'a 

A-chil-lei-erFses 

Acb-il-le'ia 

A-cbiFles 

Ach-il-le'um 

A-chilleua 

A-chFvi 

Acb-la-dse'ua 

Ach-o-la'i, or 

Ach-o-ali 
Ach-o-lo'e 
A-cbo'reus 
A-cho'rus 
Ach-ra-dFna or 

Ae-ra-dFna 
Ac-i-cbo'ri-us 
Ac-i-da'li-a 
Ac-i-da'sa 
A-cFla 
A-ciFi-a 
Ac-i-lig'e-na 
A-ciFi-us 
A-ciFla 
A'cia 

Ae-mon'i-deg 
Ac-ce-me'tse 
A-coe'tes 
Ae-o-ly'ti 
Ae'o-nse 
A-eoiFtes 
A-eon'te-us 
A-eoiFti-ua 
A-eon-to-bulus 
Ae'o-ria 
A'era 
A'erae 
A-erse'a 
A-eraa'phi-a 
Ae-ra-gal-lFdse 
Ae'ra-gaa 
A-sra'tus 
A'eri-ae 
A'eri-as 
Ae-ri-doph/a-g.i 



A-erFon 

Ae-ris-i-o'ne 

A-eris-i-o-ne'ua 

A-€ris-i-o-nFa-dea 

A-eris'i-us 

A-eri'taa 

A-ero'a-tbon 

A-ero'a-tboa 

Ae-ro-ce-rau'ni-a 

A-eroe'o-mte 

Ae-ro-co-rin'tbua 

A^ron 

A-erop'o-lia 

A€-ro-re'a 

Ae-ro-re'i 

Ae'ro-ta 

A-erot/a-tua 

Ac-ro-tho'uin, 

-tbo'i 
Ae-taFa 
Ae-tae'on 
Ae-tae'ua 
Ae-tis'a-nes 
Ae'ti-um 
Ae'ti-ua 
Ae-tor'i-des 
Aet'o-ris 
A-eiFle-o 
A-eu'pbia 
A-€u-si-la'u3 
A-eu'ti-cua 
A-cy'rua 
A-cy'tus 
A'da 
A-daFus 
Ad-a-man-tse'a 
Ad'a-mas 
Ad-a-mas'tua 
Ad'a-na 
A-das'pi-i 
Ad-de-pba'gi-a 
Ad'du-a 
A-del'pbi-ua 
A-de'mon 
A-deph'a-gna 
Ad-gan-des'tri-ns 
Ad-ber'bal 
Ad-ber^aa 
A-di-a-be'ne 
A-di-an'te 
A-di-at'o-rix 
Ad-i-man'tua 
Ad-me r ta 
Ad-me'tua 
A-do'ne-ua or 

Ad-o-ne'us 
A-do'ni-a 
A-don'i-eus 
A-do'nia 

Ad-ra-myt / ti-um 
Ad'ra-na 
A-dra'ne 
A-dra'num 
A-dras r ta 
Ad-ras-ti-'a 
Ad-ras-ti'i -eam'pi 
Ad-ras-ti / ne 
A-dras'tua 
A-dre'ne 
A'dri-a 

A-dri-an-op r o-lia 
A-dri-a'num 
A-dri-a'nua 
A-dri-at'i-eum 
Ad-ri-me'tum 
Ad-u-at'i-ci 
A-du'la 
A-du'lia 
Ad-u-l^ton 
Ad-yr-macb'i-da? 
jE-a-ce'a or -ce^a 
^E-ac'i-daa 
^E-ac'i-des 



^E-a-ci'um, or 

-cse'um 
^E'a-€ua 
jE-se'a 
^E-a-me / ne 
^E-an-te'um 
iE-an'tis 
JE'a-tua 
^Ech-mae'o-raa 
^E-dep'sua 
JE-des'sa 
iE-die'u-ia 
JE-di'lis, pi. -les 
JS-dep'aus 
A-e'don 
A-e-do'nia 
^Ed'n-i 

^E-ello, or A-ello 
^E-e'ta, or JE-e'tes 
^E'ga 
^E'gse 

^E-gse'se, or -gi'as 
^E-gse'cn 
iE-gse'us (adj.) 
^E-ga'le-oa 
^E-ga'le-um 
^E'acan 
J^/gaa 
^E-ga'tes 
^E'ge-as 
^E-ge'le-on 
^E-ge'li 
^E-ge'ri-a 
^E-ges'ta 
^1-ge'us 
^E-gi'a-le 
^-gi-a'le-us 
iE-gi-a'li-a 
^E-gi'a-lua 
^Eg'i-la 
JE-gil'i-a 
^Eg'i-lips 
J E-gim / i-u8 
^E-gim'o-rua, 

-u-rus 
^E-gi'na 
^Eg-i-ne'ta 
iEg-i-ne'tea 
^E-gi / o-chu3 
^Eg'i-pan 
JE^i'ra 
JS-gir-o-es'sa 
^gia 
^E-gis'tlma 
J (E-gi / tum 
iE'gi-um 
JE'gle 
jE'glea 
^E-gle'tea 
JSg'lo-ge 
^E-gob'o-lua 
JE-goc'e-ros 
iE'gon 
jE-go'nes 
JEg-o-sa'gae 
^Eg-os-pot-'a-mos 
^E-gos'tbe-na 
^E'gna 
^E-gyp^sua 
^l-gyp'ta 
^E-gyp'ti-i 
JB-gyp'ti-um 
^-gyp'tua 
^E-li-a'nua 
^E'li-us, -a 
^-lu'rua 
JE-ma'tbi-a 
^Em-il-i-a'nua 
^E-miFi-ua, -a 
JEm-nes'tua 
uE-mo'na 
^l-mo'ni-a 
iE-mon'i-des 



^Em'o-nia 

iE'nras 

.^E-na'ri-a 

JE-na'si-ua 

^E-ne'a, or -ni'a 

^E-ne'a-dag 

^E-ne'a-des 

^E-ne'aa 

^E-De'i-a 

^E-ne'ia 

JE-nes-i-de'rmia 

^E-ne'si-us 

J^-ne'tua 

^En'i-eus 

JE-ni'des 

iE-ni'o-chi 

JEn-o-bar'bus 

JEn'o-eles 

-lE'nos or -nus 

-iE-ny'ra 

-^E-o'li-a, or ^E'o-lia 

xE-o'li-es 

J5-ol'i-da 

jE-oFi-des 

JE'o-lua 

-iE-o'ra 

^E-pa'li-us 

J5-pe'a 

JSp'u-lo 

^E'py 

JEp'y-tus 

^E-qua'na 

iE'qui 

iE-quie'o-ii , 

^Eq-ui-me'li-nm 

^'ri-a 

A-er^o-pns, -pa, 

or -pe 
iEs'a-ens 
^E'sar, JEs'a-rus 
^s'cbi-nes 
jEs'chri-on 
JEs-chyFi-des 
^Es'chy-lue 
iEs-eu-la'pi-us 
^E-se'pus 
^E-se^ni-a 
JE-si'on 
JE'son 
iE-soiFi-des 
^E-so'pus 
J^s'tri-a 
JBs'u-la 
J5s-y-e'teg 
^E-sy'me 
^Es-ym-ne'tes 
^l-sym'nus 
^Etb 7 a-le 
JE-tba'li-a 
JE-tbaFi-des 
^E-thaai-on 
^-tbi'ces 

^E-thFon 
iE'thi-opa, 

pi. -tbi'o-pes 
JS-thi-o'pi-a 
A-etb'li-us 
M'ihon 
iE'thra 
^E-tbu'sa 
^E'ti-a 
A-e'ti-on 
JE-ti-o-ne'a 
^E-tFtes 
A-e'ti-us 
iE-toli 
^E-toli-a 
^E-tolus 
^Ex-o'ne 
A'fer 
A-fra'ni-a 
A-fra'ni-us 



AG 

APri-ea 

Af-ri-ea'nus 

Afri-eus 

Aa'a-bus 

A-gaely-tna 

A_'--a2ri-a / n3d 

Au'-a-las'ses 

A-gal'la 

Ag'a-me 

Ag-a-me'de 

Ag-a-me'dea 

As-a-mem'non 

A-xi-meni-no'ni-us 

A_ r -a-me'tor 

A-srarn'ma-tae 

Ag-am-nes'tox 

A:';i-mus 

A_ r -a-nip'pe 

A-<ran'za-ga, or -va 

Ag'a-pse 

Az-a-pe'nor 

A'jrar 

Air'a-ri 

A^-a-ris'ta 

A-sras'i-eles 

A-ous'sae 

A-<ras'the-ne3 

A-gas'thna 

A-gas'tro-phua 

Acr'a-sus 

A'J-'a-tha 

Ag-a-thar'chi-des 

Ag-a-thar'ckus 

:n-as 
As'a-tko 
Ae-a-tho-cle'a 
A-eath'o-cles 
A^'a-thon 
As-a-tho'pus 
Ag-a-thyr'num, 

or -na 
As-a-thyr'si 
As-a-tby'rus 
A-gau'e, or -ga've 
A-ira'vus, pl.~-vi 
Ag'-des'tis 
Ag-e-la'das, or 
Ag-e-las'tus 
Ag-e-la'us 
Ag-e-le'a 
Ag'e-les 
A-gen'di-cum 
A-ge'nor 
Ag-e-nor'i-des 
Ag-e-ri'nus 
Ag-e-san'der 
A-ge'si-as 
A-ges-i-da'nius 
A-ges-i-la'us 
Ag-e-sip'o-lis 
Ag-e-sis'tra-ta, -tus 
A-ge'tor 
A-ge'tus 
Ag-ge'nus 
As-gram'mes 
Asx-sri'nae 
Af'i-dae 
Ag-i-la'us 
A'gis 

A-gla'i-a, or -e 
Ag-la-o-ni'ce 
A-gia'o-pes 
Ag-la-o-phae'me 
A-glfl b-phoQ 
Ag-la- (or Ag-a) 

os'the-ne 
Ag-lau'ros 
Ag-la'us 
Ag-nod'i-ce 
Ag-non'i-des 
Ag-no'tes 
Ag-o-nali-a, 

A-go'ni-a 



-de s 



AL 

A-go'nes 

A-go'ni-us 

A-go'nus 

Ag'o-ra 

Ag-o-rae'ri-tns 

Ag-o-rae'a 

Ag-o-ra'nis 

Ag-o-ran'o-mi 

Ag-o-re'sus 

A'gra 

A'grae-a, -us 

A-grse'i, or 

A-gren'ses 
Ag'ra-gas 
A-graule 
A-grauli-a 
A-graulos 
A-grau-o-ni'tas 
A-gri-a'nes 
A-grie'o-la 
Ag-ri-gen'tum 
A-grin'i-um 
A-gri'o-dos 
A-gri-o'ni-a 
A-gri'o-pas 
A-gri'o-pe 
A-gri-oph'a-gi 
A-grip'pa 
Ag-rip-pe'um, or 

-pi'um 
Ag-rip-pi'na 
A-gris'o-pe 
A'gri-us 
Ag'ro-las 
A'gron 
A-gro'tas 
A-grot/er-a 
A-gyi'e-us 
A-gvl'e-us 
A-gyl'la 
Ag-yl-lae'us 
A-gyr'i-um, -us 
A-gyr-tes 
A-gv'rus 
A-hala 
Ai-do'ne-us 
A-ila 
A-im'y-lus 
Ai'us Lo-€u'ti-us 
A'jax 

Al-a-ban'da 
Al-a-ban'di, or 

-den-ses 
Al-a-ban'di-eus 
Al'a-bus, -bum, or 

-bon 
A-lae'a 
A-lse'i 

A-lae'sa, -sus 
A-las'as 
Al-a-go'ni-a 
A-laaa 

Al-al-€om'e-nae 
A-lalia, or Al'a-lis 
Al-a-ma'nes 
Al-a (or Al-e) 

-man'ni, or -ma'ni 
A-la'ni 
Al'a-res 
Al-a-ri'eus 
Al-a-ro'di-i 
A-las'tor 
A-lau'dae 
A-la'zon, or 

-zo'ni-us 
Al-a-zo'nes 
Al-ba'ni, or 

Al-ben'ses 
Al-ba'ni-a 
Al-ba'nus 
Altri-a 
Al-bi'ci 
Al-bi-e'tae 



AL 

Al-bi-gau'num 

Al-bi'ni 

Al-bi-no-va'nns 

Al-bin-te-iue'li-um 

Al-bi'nus 

Al'bi-on 

Al'bi-us 

Al-bu-ciHa 

Al^bu-la 

Al-bu'ne-a 

Al-bur'nus 

Al-bu'ti-us 

Al-caen'e-tus 

Al-cae'us 

Al-€am'e-nes 

Al-ean'der 

Al-€an'dre 

Al-ea'nor 

Al-eath'o-e 

Al-cath'o-us 

Al-ce'nor 

Al-ces'te, or 

Al-ces'ti3 
Al'ce-tas 
Al'chi-das 
Al-chim'a-chus 
Al-ci-bi'a-des 
Al-ci'da* 
Al-cid'a-mas 
Al-ci-da-me'a 
Al-ci-dam'i-das 
Al-ci'das 
Al-ci'des 
Al-cid'i-ce 
Al-cid'o-cus 
Al-cim'e-de 
Al-cim'e-don 
Al-cim'e-nes 
Al'ci-mus 
Al-cin'o-e 
Al'ci-nor 
Al-cin'o-us 
Al-ci-o'ne-us 
Al'ci-phron 
Al-cip'pe 
Al-cip'pus 
Al-cith'o-e 
Ale-mae'on 
Ate-mae-on'i-dae 
Ale-me'na 
Al'€o-ne 
Al-cy'o-ne 
Al-cy-o'ne-us 
Al-des'eus 
Al-du'a-bis 
A'le-a 
A-leTias 
A-leTn-on 
A-lee'to 
A-lee'tor 
A-lee'try-on 
A-lee'tus 
A-le'i-us 
A-le'mon 
Al-e-mon'i-des 
Al-e-mu'si 
Alens 
A1e-on 
A-le'ris 

A-le'sa, or A-loe'sa 
A-le'si-a, or 

A-lex'i-a 
A-le'si-um 
A-le'sus 
A-le'tes 
A-le'thes 
A-le'thi-a 
A-le'tis 
Al-e-tri-na'tes 
A-le'tri-um 
A-le'tum 
A-len'a-dae 
Ale -us 



AL 

Alex 

A-lex-a-me'nus 

Al-cx-an'der 

Al-ex-an'dra 
Al-ex-an'dria 

(a woman) 
Al-ex-an-dri'a 

(a city) 
Al-ex-an'dri-des 
Al-ex-an-dri'na 
Al-ex-an-drop 'o-lis 
Al-ex-a'nor 
Al-ex-ar'chu3 
A-lex'as 
A-lex'i-a 
Al-ex-ic'a-eus 
Al-ex-i'nus 
A-lex'i-o 
Al-ex-ip'pus 
Al-ex-i'a-res 
A-lex 'is 
A-lex'on 
Al-fa-ter'na 
Al-fe'nus 
Al'gi-dum 
Al-go'num 
A-li-ar'tum 
Al'i-cis 
A-li-e'nus 
A-U'fae. or -pbae, 

or Al-li'fae 
Al-i-lae'i 
Al-i-men'tus 
A-lim'e-nus 
A-lin'dae 
Al-in-do'i-a 
Al-i-pha'nus, or 

-fa'nus 
Al-i-pbe'ra, or 

-pbi'ra 
Al-i-phe-rae'i 
Al-ir-ro'tbi-us 
Al-i-son'ti-a 
A-li'sum, or 

-so. or -son 
Al-le'di-us 
AHi-a 
Al-li-e'nus 
Al-lob'ro-ge3 
Al-lot'ri-ges 
Al-lu'ti-us 
Al-me'ne 
Al-mo'pes 
A-lo'a 

A-lo'as. or A-lo'is 
A-lo'e-us 

Al-o-i'des, pi. -dae 
A-lo'ne, or A-lo'na 
A-lo'ni 
Al'o-pe 
A-lop'e-ce, or 

-pe'ci-a 
A-lop-e-eon-ne'sus 
A-lo'pi-us 
A-lo'rus 
Aaos 
A-lo'ti-a 
Al-pe'nus 
Al-pbe'a 
Al-pbe'i-a 
Al-pbe'nor 
Al-phe'nus 
Al-phe-si-boe'us, -a 
Al-phe'us 
Al-pbi'on 
Al'phi-us 
Al-pi'nus 
Al-po'nus 
Al'si-um 
Al-thae'a 
Al-tb^em'e-nes 
Al-the'pus 
) Al-ti'mun 



AL 527 

A-lim'ti-um 

A 'his or Al'u-us 

A-ly-at'tes 

Al'y-ba 

Al-y-bi da 

Al-y-cse'a 

Al-y-cse'us 

A-ly'mon 

A-ly'pus 

A-lys'sus 

Al-yx-oth'o-e 

Al-y-ze'a 

A-mad'o-ci 

A-mad'o-€us 

Am'a-ge 

Am-al-thap'a 

Am-al-the'um 

Am'a-na. or -nu3 

A-man'dus 

A-man'i-cae 

A-man'tes. or 

Am-an-ti'ui 
A-ma'nus 
A-mar'a-cus 
A-mar'di 
A-mar'tus 
Am-a-ryl1i3 
Am-a-ryn'ce-us 
Am-a-ryn-thi'a 
Am-a-ryn'thus 
Am-a-rys'i-a 
A'mas 
Am-a-se'a 
Am-a-se'nus 
A-ma'si-a 
A-ma'sis 
A-mas'tris 
A-mas'trus 
A-ma'ta 
Am-a-the'i 
A-ma'thus 
A-max-am-pe'us 
A-max-an-ti'a 
A-max'i-a 
Am-ax-i'ta 
Am-ax-o'bi-i 
Am-a-ze'nes 
A-ma'zon 
A-maz'o-nes (pi.) 
Am-a-zo'ni-a 
Am-a-zon^-des 
Am-a-zo'ni-um 
Am-a-zo'ni-us 
Am-bar'ri 
Am-bar-va1e3 

Hos'tiae 
Am-bar-va'li-a 
Am-ba't83 
AmTje-nus 
Am-bi-a-li'tes 
Am-bi-a'num 
Am-bi-a-ti'num 
Am-bi-bar'e-ti 
Am-bi'€us 
Am-bi-ga'tus 
Am-bi'o-rix 
Am'bla-da 
Am-bra'ci-a 
Am-bra'ci-us 
Am-bro'dax 
Am-bro'nes 
Am-bro'si-a 
Am'-bro'si-us 
Am-bry'on 
Am-brVs'sus 
Am-bu-ba'ja3 
Am-bu'li-u's, -li-i 
Am'e-les 
Am-e-na'nus 
Am-e-ni'des 
A-men'o-eles 
Am-e-no'phis 
A-me'ri-a 



528 AM 


AN 


AN 


AN 


AP 


A-mes'tra-tus 


Am -pbit-ry-o-ni' 
a-des 


An-cha'ri-a 


A nic'i-um 


An-ti-nce'i-a 


A-mes'tris 


An-cha'ri-ua 


A-r.ic'i-us 


An-ti-nop'o-lis 


A-mi'elas 


Am'pbi-tua 


An-cha'tes 


A-ni'grus 


An-tin'o-us 


Am-i-elae'ua 


Am'pbi-us 


An-cbem'o-lua 


A'ni-o, A'ni-en 


An-ti-o-cbi'a, or 


A-mis'taa 


Am-pbot'e-rua 


An-che-si'tes 


An'i-sus 


-che'a 


A-mi'da 


Am-phry'sua 


An-cbes'mua 


An-i-tor'gis 


An-ti'o-chis 


A-mil'ear 


Am'py-eus 


An-chi'a-le 


A'ni-us 


An-ti'o-cbus 


Am'i-los 


Amp'sa-gaa 


An-chi-a-li'a 


An-ni-a'nus 


An-ti o-pe, or -pa 


A-miin'o-ne 


Am-pyc'i-des 


An-chi'a-lus 


An'ni-bal 


An-ti-o'rus 


A-mym'o-ne 


Am-sane'tua 


An-cbi-mo'li-us 


An'ni-bi 


An-tip'a-ros 


A-min e-a 


A-mu'li-ua 


An-chin'o-e 


An-nic^e-ris 


An-tip'a-ter 


Am-min'e-a 


A-my'ela 


An-chi'ses 


An-ni-cbo'ri, or 


An-ti-pa'tri-a 


A-min'i-aa 


A-my / cla3 


An-cbis'i-a 


-res 


An-ti-pat'ri-das 


A-min'i-us 


Am-y-clae'us 


An-cbi-si'a-des 


An'ni-us 


An-tip'a-tris 


A-min'oeles 


A-my'elas 


An'cbo-e 


A-nolus 


An-tipb'a-ne.s 


Am-i-se'na 


Am-y-eh'des 


An'cbo-ra 


An't-nus 


An-tiph'a-tes 


Am-i-si'a 


Am'y-eus 


An-cbu'rus 


An-o-pse'a 
An-si-ba'ri-a 


An-tiph 1-lus 


A-mis'i-as 


Am'y-don 


An-ci'le 


An'ti-phon. -pb.ua 


A-mis'sas 


Am-y-mo'ne 


An-eo'na 


An-ta?'as 


An-tipb'o-nus 


A-rui'sum, or 


A-myn'taa 


An-cy'le 


An-ta?-op'o-lis 


An-tip'o-des 


A-mi'sua 


A-myn-ti-a'nua 


An-C} r/ ra 


An-tse'us 


An-ti-pce'nua 


Am-i-ter'num 


A-myn'tor 


An-cy'rae 


An-tag'o-ras 


An-tip'o-lis 


Am-i-tha'on, or 


A-my'ris 


An-cy'ron 


An-tal'ci-das 


An-ti r'rhi-nm 


Am-y-tba'on 


A-myr'i-ua 


An-dab'a-lis 


An-tan'der 


An-tir'rbo-dos 


Am-ma'lo 


Am'y-rua 


An-dab'a-tSB 


An-tan'dros 


An-tissa 


Am-mi-a'nus 


A-mys'tis 


An-da'na 


An-te'a 


An-tis'the-nes 


Am-mo-cbos'toa 


Am-y-tha'on 


An-da'ni-a 


An-tei'us 


An-tis'ti-ua 


Am-mo'ni-a 


Am-y-tba-o'ni-us 


An-de-ea'vi-a 


An-tem'na3 


An-titb r e-u8 


Am-mo'ni-i 


Am'y-tis 


An-de-ga'vum 


An-te'nor 


An'ti-um 


Am-mo'ni-ua 


A-nab 'a-sis 


An-de'ra 


An-te-nor / i-des 


An-tom^-nes 


Am-mo'tbe-a 


A-nab'a-tse 


An-de-ea'o-nes 


An-ter-bro'gi-ua 


An-to-ni'na 


Am-nern'o-nes 


An-a-ce'i-a 


An-doc'i-des 


An'te-ros 


An-to-ni'nua 


Am'ni-aa 


An'a-ces, or 


An-dom'a-tis 


An-the'a 


An-to-ni-op'o-lia 


Am-ni'sus 


A-nae'tes 


An-drse'mon 


An'tbe-as 


An-to'ni-us, -a, -i 


Aiu-ni'tes 


An-a-ce'um 


An dra-ga'tbi-iiB 


An-tbe'don 


An-tor'i-dea 


Am-ce-baVua 


An-acbar'sia 


An-drag'o-raa 


An-tbe'la 


A-nu'bis 


Am-o-me'tus 


An-a ele'tus 


An-dram'y-les 


An'the-mis, -mus 


An'xi-us 


Am-om-pbar / e-tus 


A-na'ere-on 


An-dre'aa, 


An'the-mon 


Anx'u-rus, -ras 


A'mor 


An-ae-to'ri-a, -um 


An'dre-a8 


An-tbe-mu / si-a 


An'y-tua 


A-mor'ges 


A-nae'to-rum 


An-dre'rnon 


An-the'ne 


An-zaT)e 


A-raor'gos 


An-ae-to'ri-e 


An'dri-a 


An-ther'irms 


A-ol'li-ua 


Am'pe-lus 


An-a-dy-om'e-ne 


An'dri-elus 


Anthes-pbo'ri-a 


A r o-nes 


Am-pe-lu'ai-a 


A-nag'ni-a 


Andri-on 


An-thes-te'ri-a 


A-o'ni-a 


Arn-pbe'a 


An-a-gy-ron'tum 


An-dris'eus 


An-thi'a 


A-on'i-des 


Am-pbi'a-nax 


A-nag'yrua 


An-dro'bi-ua 


An'tbi-na? 


A-o'ris 


Am-pbi-a-ra'i-des 


An-a-i'tis 


An-dro-ele'a 


Anthi-um 


A-or'nos, or 


Am-phi-a-ra'us 


An-a-ni'as 


An'dro-€les 


An'thi-us 


A-or'nia 


Am-pbi-ar-a-e'us, 


An'a-pbe 


An-dro-eli'des 


An-tho'res 


A-or'si 


(adj.) 


An-a-pblys'tus 


An-dro'clus 


An-thra'ci-a 


A-o'rua 


Am-pbi-ele'a 


A-na'pi-us 


An-dro-cy'des 


An-thro-pi'nus 


A-o'ti 


Am-pbie'ra-tes 


A-na'pus 


An-drod'a-mus 


An-throp-o-mor- 


A-o'ua 


Am-pbie-ty'on 


A-nar'gy-ri 


An-dro'dus 


phi'ta 


A-pa'i-tce 


Am-phie-ty'o-nes 


A-nar'tes 


An-dro'ge-os 


An-thro-popb'a-gi 


A-pa'ma, or -me 


Am-pbid'a-ums 


A'nas 


An-dro'ge-ua 


An-thyl'la 


Ap-a-me'a, or -mi'a 


Am-pbid'o-li 


A-nath'e-ma 


An-drog'y-na3 


An-ti-a-ni'ra 


Ap-a-me'ne 


Am-phi-dro'mi-a 


A-nat'o-le 


An-drom'a-che 


An'ti-as 


A-pai -/ ni 


Am-pbi-ge-ni / a 


A-nau'chi-das 


An-dro-ma-chi'dae 


An-ti-bae-cbi'us 


Ap-a-tu'ri-a 


Am-phil'o-chus 


A-nau'rus 


An-drom'a-chua 


An-tie'a-nis 


A-pe-au'roa 


Am-phil'y-tua 


A-nau'sis 


An-drom'a-daa 


An-tie'a-to 


A-pe-li-o'tes 


Am-i)him / a-chu8 


A'nax 


An-drom/e-da 


An-ticb'tho-nes 


A-peKla 


Am-pbirn'e-don 


An-ax-ag'o-ras 


An-drom'e-des 


An-tic-i-no'lis 


A-pel'les 


Am-phin'o-me 


An-ax-an'der 


An-dro-ni-'eus 


An-ti-ele'a 


Ap-el-le'us 


Am-phin'o-mus 


An-ax-an'dri-des 


An-dropb'a-gi 
An-dro-pom'pus 


An'ti-cles 


A-pePli-con 


Am-phi'on 


An-ax-ar'chus 


An-ti-eli'des 


Ap-en-ni'nua 


Am-phip / a-gus 


An-ax-ar'e-te 


An-dros'the-nes 


An-tie'ra-gus 


A'per 


Ain-phip'o-les 


An-ax-e'nor 


An-dro'ti-on 


An-tie'ra-tes 


Ap-e-ran-ti'a 


Am-phip'o-lis 


A-nax'i-as 


An-e-lon'tis 


An-tic'y-ra 


Ap-e-ro'pi-a 


Am-pbip'y-ros 


An-ax-iVi-a 


An-e-mo'li-a 


An-tid'o-mus 


Ap'e-sus, -saa, or 


Ain-pbi-re'tus 


An-ax-ie'ra-tes 


An-e-mo'sa 


An-tid'o-tus 


-san-tes 


Am-pmVo-e 


A-nax-i-da'mua 


An-e-ras'tus . 


An-tig'e-nes 


Apb'a.ca, or -ce 


Am-pbis-bse'na 


A-nax'i-las, or la'us 


A-ne'tor 


An-ti-gen'i-das, or 


A-pbse'a 


Arn-pbis'sa 


An-ax-il'i-des 


An-fin' (or -pbin) 


-des 


A'pbar 


Am-pbis-se'ne 


A-nax-i-man'der 


-o-mus 


An-tig'o-na, or -ne 


Aph-a-re'tus 


Am-pbis'sua 


An-ax-im'e-nes 


An'ga-ri 


An-ti-go-ni / a, or 


Apb-a-re'us 


Am-pbis'tbe-nea 


An-ax-ip'o-lis 


An-ge'li-a 


-ne'a 


A'phas 


Am-pbia-ti'des 


An-ax-ip'pua 


An-ge'li-on 


An-tig'o-nus 


A-pbeFlaa 


Am-pbis'tra-tua 


An-ax-ir'rbo-e 


An'ge-lus 


An-til y €0 


Aph'e-saa 


Am-pbit'e-a 


A-nax'ia 


An-gi'tes 


An-ti-lib'a-uus 


Aph'e-ta3 


Am-phi-the-a / trum 


A-nax'o 


An-gli-'a 


An-tiFo-chns 


A-phe'tor 


Am-pbith / e-mis 


An-cse'ua 


An-gu-it^-a 


An-tim'a-chus 


A-phi'daa 


Am-phitb'o-e 


An-ca-li'tea 


A r ni-a 


An-tim'e-nes 


A-phid'na, -nus 


Am-pbi-tri'te 


An-ea'ri-ua 


An-i-ce'tus 


An-tin'o-e 


Apb-ne'um 


Am-pbit / ry-on 


An-cba'res 


A-nic'i-a 


An-tin-o-e'a 


Apb-oe-be'tus 





A? 



AR 



AT 



AT 



AT 



;29 



A-phri'ees 
Aph-ro-dis'e-UB 

Aph-ro-di.s'i-a 
Aph-ro-dis'i-as 
Aph-ro-di'suin 
Aph-ro-di'te, or -ta 
Aph-ro-di-top'o-lis 
A-phy'tc, or 

A-phy'tis 
A'pi-a 
A-pi-a'nus 
Ap-i-ea'ta 
A-pic'i-us 
A-pid'a-nii3 
A-pid'o-nes 
Ap'i-na, or -nre 
A-pi'o-la, or -lse 
A'pi-on 
A'pis 
A-pit'i-us 
A-poe'o-pa 
Ap-o-do'ti 
A-pol-li-na'res 
A-pol-li-na'ris 
Ap-ol-lin'e-us 
Ap-ol-lin'i-des 
A-pol'lo 
Ap-ol-loe'ra-tes 
A-pol-lo-do'rus 
Ap-ol-lo'ni-a 
A-pol-lo-ni'a-des 
Ap-ol-lo'ni-as 
Ap-ol-lon'i-des 
Ap-ol-lo'ni-us 
Ap-ol-loph'a-nes 
A-po-my-i'os 
A-po-ni-a'na 
A-po'ni-us 
Ap'o-nus 
Ap-os-tr</phi-a 
Ap-o-the-o'sis 
Ap-pi'a-des 
Ap-pi-a'nus 
Ap'pi-i Fo'rum 
Ap 'pi-us, -a 
Ap'pu-la 
A'pri-es, -us 
Ap-sin'thi-i 
Ap'si-nus 
Ap'te-ra 
Ap-u-le'i-us, -a 
A-puli-a 
Ap'u-lus 
Ap-u-scid'a-mus 
Ap'y-ri 
A-qua'ri-us 
Aq'ui-la 
Aq-ui-la'ri-a 
Aq-ui-le'i-a, or 

-le'gi-a 
A-quil'i-us, -a 
Aq'ui-lo 
Aq-ui-lo'ni-a 
A-qui'nas 
A-quin'i-us 
A-qui'num 
Aq-ui-ta'ni-a 
Aq-ui-tan'i-eus 
Aq'ui-tes 
A'ra 

Ar-a-bar'ches 
Ar'a-bes 
A-ra^i-a 
A-rab'i-eus 
Ar'a-bis 

A'rabs, Ar'a-bus 
A-rae^a, -ree'ea 
A-raeh'ne 
Ar-ach-ne / a 
Ar-a-cho'si-a 
Ar-a-cho'tte, or -ti 
A-rae'thi-as 
Ar-a-cil'luin 



Ar-a-eo'si-i 

Ar-a-cyn'thus 

Ar'a-dus 

A'rre 

Ar-a-phi'a 

A'rar, Ar'a-ris 

Ar-a-te'us 

Ar-a-thyr'e-a 

A-ra'tus 

A-rau'ri-eus 

A-ra'vus 

Ar-ax-e'nus 

A-rax'es 

Ar-ba'ces 

Ar-be'la, or 

Ar'be-la 
Ar-be'lus 
Ar-bo'na 
Ar-bus'eu-la 
Ar'ea-des 
Ar-ea'di-a 
Ar-ea'di-us 
Ai'-ea'nura 
Ar-ces'i-las, -la'us 
Ar-ce'si-us 
Ar-chre'a 
Ar-cbaj'a-nax 
Ar-chas-at'i-das 
Ar-chag'a-thus 
Ar-ehan'der 
Ar-chan'dros 
Ar'cbe 

Ar-ched'i-eus 
Ar-cheg'e-tes 
Ar-che-la'us 
Ar-chem'a-chus 
Ar-chem'o-rus 
Ar-chep'o-lis 
Ar-chep-tol'e-mus 
Ar-cbes'tra-tus 
Ar-che-ti'uius 
Ar-che'ti-us 
Ar'chi-a 
Ar'chi-as 
Ar-chi-bi'a-des 
Ar-chib'i-us 
Ar-cbid'a-mas 
Ar-chi-da-mi'a 
Ar-chi-da'mus 
Ar'cbi-das 
Ar-chi-de'mus 
Ar-chi-de'us 
Ar-chid'i-um 
Ar-chi-gal'lus 
Ar-chig'e-nes 
Ar-chiFo-chus 
Ar-chi-me'des 
Ar-chi'nus 
Ar-cbi-pel'a-gus 
Ar-chip'o-lis 
Ar-chip'pe 
Ar-chip'pus 
Ar-chi'tis 
Ar-chon'tes 
Ar'chy-lus 
Ar-cby'tas 
Ar-cit/e-nes 
Are-ti'nus 
Are-toph'y-lax 
Are-to'us 
Are-tu'rus 
Ar'da-lus 
Ar-da'ni-a 
Ar-dax-a'nus 
Ar'de-a 
Ar-de-a'tes 
Ar-de-rie'ea 
Ar-di-as'i 
Ar-dis'eus 
Ar'do-ne 
Ar-do'ne-a 
Ar-du'a 
Ar-du-en'na 



Ar-du-i'ne 

Ar-dy-en'ses 

Ar'dj-s 

A're 

A-re-ac'i-dae 

A-re'as 

A-re'gon 

A-reg'o-nis 

Ar'e-las 

Ar-e-la'tum 

A-rel'li-us 

Ar-e-mor'i-ea 

A-re'na, -naj 

A-ren'a-eum 

A-re-o-pa-gi'taj 

A-re-op'a-gus 

A-re'os 

A'res 

A-res'tte 

A-res'tba-nas 

A-res'tor 

Ar-es-tor'i-des 

Ar'e-ta 

Ar-e-tse'us 

Ar-e-ta'les 

Ar-e-taph'i-la 

Ar'e-tas 

A-re'te 

Ar'e-te 

Ar'e-thon 

Ar-e-thu'sa 

Ar-e-ti'nus 

A-re'tus 

A-re'us,' 

A-ri'us, adj. 
Ar-gse'us 
Ar'ga-lus 
Ar-gan-tbo'na 
Ar-gan-tbo-ni / um 
Ar-gath'o-na 
Ar-ga-tho'ni-us 
Ar-ge'a 
Ar-ge-a'thae 
Ar-gen'num 
Ar-ges'tra-tus 
Ar-ge'ua 
Ar'gi 
Ar-g^a 
Ar'gi-as 
Ar-gi-le'tum 
Ar-gil'i-us 
Ar-gil'lu3 
Ar'gi-lus 
Ar-gi'nus 
Ar-gi-nu'saa 
Ar-gi'o-pe 
Ar-gi-pbon'tes 
Ar-gip'pe-i 
Ar-gitb'e-a 
Ar-gi'vi 
Ar-gi'vus, adj. 
Ar'gi-us 
Ar-go'da 
Ar-goFi-eus 
Ar'go-lis 
Ar-go-nau'tse 
Ar-gyn'nis 
Ar-gyn'nu3 
Ar-gy'ra 
Ar-gy-ras'pi-des 
Ar'gy-re 
Ar-gyr'i-pa, 

Ar-gy-rip'pa 
Ar-gy-i-op'o-lis 
A'ri-a 
A-ri-ad'ne 
A-ri-re'us 
A-ri-am'nes 
A-ri-a'ni, or -e r ni 
A-ri-an'tas 
A-ri-a-ra-tbe'a 
A-ri-a-ra'tbes 
A-ri-as'me-nu3 
Ll 



Ar-ib-bx^us 

Ar'i-bes 

A-ric'i-a 

Ar-i-ci'na 

Ar-i-dai'us 

A-ri-e'nis 

Ar-i-ga3'um 

Ar-is-no'tus 

A-ria 

Ar'i-ma 

Ar-i-mas'pi 

Ar-i-mas'pi-as 

Ar-i-mas'thae 

Ar-i-ma'zes 

Ar'i-mi 

A-rim'i-num 

Ar-im-pbae'l 

Ar'i-mus 

Ar'i-nes 

A-ri-o-bar-za'nes 

A-ri-o-man'des 

A-ri-o-mar'dus 

A-ri-o-me'des 

A-ri'on 

A-ri-o-vis'tus 

Ar-i-pi'tbes 

A'ris 

A-ris'ba 

Ar-is-tsen'e-tus 

Ar-is-tse'us 

Ar-is-tag'o-ras 

Ar-is-tan'der, -dros 

Ar-is-tar'cbe 

Ar-is-tar'chus 

A-ris-ta-za'nes 

A-ris'te-as 

A-ris'te-ra3 

A-ris'te-us 

A-ris'tbe-nes 

A-ris'tbus 

Ar-is-ti'bus 

Ar-is-ti'des 

Ar-is-tiPlus 

Ar-is-tip'pus 

A-ris'ti-us 

A-ris'to or -ton 

A-ris-to-bu'lus 

A-ris-to-ele'a 

A-ris'to-eles 

A-ris-to-eli'des 

Ar-is-toe'ra-tes 

Ar-is-to'ere-on 

Ar-is-toe'ri-tus 

A-ris-to-da'ma 

A-ris-to-de'mus 

Ar-is-tog'e-nes 

A-ris-to-gi'ton 

A-ris-to-la'us 

Ar-is-tom'a-cbe 

Ar-is-tom r a-cbu3 

A-ris-to-me'des 

Ar-is-toru'e-nes 

A-ris-to-nau'tae 

A-ris-to-ni'eus 

Ar-is-ton'i-des 

Ar-is-ton'o-us 

A-ris'to-nus 

Ar-is-ton'y-mus 

Ar-is-toph'a-nes 

A-ris-to-pbi-li'des 

A-ris'to-phon 

A-ris-to-pbyli 

A-ris'tor 

Ar-is-tor'i-des 

Ar-is-tot'e-les 

A-ris-to-ti'mus 

Ar-is-tox'e-nus 

A-ris'tus 

Ar-is-tyllna 

A'ri-us (the 

heretic) 
A-ri'us, or A'ri-as 
Ar'me-no 



Ar'me-ncs 

Ar-me'ni-a 

Ar-ineii-ta'ri-us 

Ar-mil'la-tus 

Ar-mi-lus'tri-um 

Ar-inin'i-us 

Ar-raor'i-ca3 

Ar-mor'i-eus 

Ar'mo-zon 

Ar-ni-on'sis 

Ar-no-Hbi-us 

Ar'o-a 

A-rornVta 

Ar'o-taB 

Ar-o-te'res 

A-rot're-bae 

Ar'pa-ni 

Ar-pi'num 

Ar'qui-tus 

Ar-ra-bo'na 

Ar-ra-cbi'on 

Ar-rse'i 

Ar-re'chi 

Ar-rha-bai'us 

Ar'ri-a 

Ar-ri-a'nus 

Ar'ri-us 

Ar-run'ti-us 

Ar-sa'bes 

Ar'sa-ces 

Ar-sa'ci-a 

Ar-sac'i-dse 

Ar-sarn'e-nes 

Ar-sa'nes 

Ar-sa'ni-aa 

Ar-se'na 

Ar-se'sa 

Ar'si-a 

Ar-si-doe'us 

Ar-sin'o-e 

Ar-si'tes 

Ar-ta-ba'nus 

Ar-ta-ba-za'nes, or 

Ar-tam'e-neai 
Ar-ta-ba'zus 
Ar'ta-bri 
Ar-ta-cas'as 
Ar-ta-ca5'na 
Ar'ta-ce 
Ar-ta-ce r ne 
Ar-ta'ci-a 
Ar-tae'i 
Ar-ta-ge'ra 
Ar-ta-ger'ses 
Ar-ta'nes 
Ar-ta'o-zus 
Ar-ta-pa'nus 
Ar-ta-pher'nes 
Ar-ta'tus 
Ar-ta-vas'des 
Ar-tax'a, or 

Ar-tax'i-as 
Ar-tax'a-res 
Ar-tax-as'a-ta 
Ar-tax'a-ta 
Ar-tax-erx^s 
Ar-tax'i-as 
Ar-ta-ye'tes 
Ar-ta-yn'ta 
Ar-ta-yn'tes 
Ar'te-mas 
Ar-tem-ba'res 
Ar-tem-i-do'rus 
Ar'te-mis 
Ar-te-mis / i-a 
Ar-te-mi'ta 
Ar'te-mon 
Ar-te-mo'na 
Ar-te'Ua 
Arth'mi-us 
Ar-tim'pa-sa 
Ar-to-bar-za'nes. or 

Ar-to-bar'za-ne* 



530 BA 



BM 



BA 



BA 



BA 



Ar-tocb'mes 

Ar-to'na 

Ar-to'ni-us 

Ar-ton'te-s 

Ar-tox'a-res 

Ar-tu'ri-us 

Ar-ty'nes 

Ar-tyn'i-a 

Ar-tys'to-na 

Ar'u'-ae 

Ar-va'les, or 

Am-bar-vales 
A-ru'ci, or -rue'ci 
A-ru'e-ris 
A'runs 
A-run'ti-us 
Ar-u-pi'nus 
Ar-ver'ni 
Ar-vir'a-gus 
Ar-vi$'i-um, or 

-vi'sus 
A-ry-an'des 
Ar'y-bas 
Ar-yp-tae'us 
A-ryx'a-ta 
A-san'der 
As-ba-me'a 
As-bes'tae, or 

As-bys'tse 
As'bo-lus 
As-bo'tus 
As-by'te 
As-eal'a-phus 
As'ea-lon 
As-ea'ni-us 
As'cbe-tus 
As-che'um 
As-ci'i 

As-cle-pi'a-des 
As-ele-pi-o-do'rus 
As-ele-pi-od'o-tus 
As-ele'pi-us 
As-ele-ta'ri-on 
As-eo'li-a 
As-eo'ni-us 
As'en-lum 
As'dru-bal 
A'se-a 
A-sel'li-o 
A'si-a 

A-si-ag'e-nes 
A-si-at'i-cus 
A-si-a-ge'tes 
A-si'las 
A-si'lus 
As'i-na, or -ne 
As-i-na'ri-us 
As'i-nes 
A-sin'i-us 
A'si-us 
As-na'us 
A-so'pbis 



A-so'pi-a 

As-o-pi'a-des 

A-so'pis 

A-so'pus 

As-pal-a-thi'a 

As-pam/i-thres 

As-pa-ra'gi-um 

As-pa'si-a 

As-pa-si'rus 

As-pa'si-us 

As-pas'tes 

As-pa-tbe'sis 

As-pa-thi'nes 

As-pen'dus 

As-phal-ti'tes 

As-ple'don 

As-po-re'nus 

As-sa-bi'nus 

As-sar'a-eus 

As-se'ra 

As-se-ri'ni 

As-se'sus 

As-so'rus 

As-su-e'rus 

As-syr'i-a 

As-tab'o-ras 

As-ta-coe'ni 

As'ta-eus 

As-ta-ge'ni 

As'ta-pus 

As-tar'te 

As-tel'e-be 

As-te'ri-a 

As-te'ri-on, or -us 

As'te-ris 

As-te-ro'di-a 

As-ter-o-pas'ua 

As-ter'o-pe 

As-te-ru'si-us 

As-tin'o-me 

As-ti'o-chus 

As'to-mi 

As-trte'a 

As-trae/us 

As'tu-ra 

As'tu-res 

As-tu'ri-eus 

As-ty'a-ge 

As-ty'a-lus 

As-ty'a-nax 

As-ty-era-te'a 

As-ty-era'ti-a 

As-tyd'a-mas 

As-ty-da-mi'a 

As'ty-lus 

As-tym-e-du'sa 

As-tyn'o-me 

As-tyn'o-mi 

As-tyn'o-us 

As-ty'o-cbe 

As-ty-o-chi / a 

As-ty-pa-lae'a 



As-typh'i-lus 

As'ty-ron, or -ra 

As'y-cbis 

A-sy'las 

A-syl'lus 

A-syn'eri-tus 

A-tab'u-lus 

A-tab'y-ris 

At-a-by-ri^te 

At'a-ces 

At-a-lan'ta 

At-a-ly'da 

At-a-ran'tes 

A-tar'be-cbia 

A-tar'ga-tis 

A-tar'ne-a 

A'tas, A'tbas 

A'tax 

A'te 

A-tella 

At'e-na 

At-e-no-ma'rus 

A-ter'ga-tis 

Ath-a-"ma'nes 

Ath'a-mas 

Ath-a-man-ti'a-des 

Ath-a-na'si-us 

A-tban'a-ti 

Atb'a-nis 

A'tbe-as 

A-tbe'na 

A-the'nse 

Ath-e-nse'um 

Ath-e-nae'us 

Ath-e-nag'o-ras 

Ath-e-na'is 

A-tbe'ni-on 

A-then'o-eles 

A-tben-o-do'rus 

A'the-os * 

Ath'e-sis 

Atb'mo-num 

A'tbos 

A-tbo'us 

A-tbrul'la 

A-tbym'bra 

Atb'y-ras 

A'ti-a 

A-til'i-us 

A-til'la 

A-ti'na 

A-ti'nas 

A-tin'i-a 

At-lan'tes 

At-lan-ti'a-des 

At-lan'ti-des 

A-tos'sa 

At/ra-ces 

At-ra-myt'ti-um 

At'ra-pes 

A'trax 

At-re-ba'tas 



At-re-ba'tes 

A-tre'ni 

A'tre-us 

A-tri'des 

A-tro'ni-us 

At-ro-pa-te'ne 

At-ro-pa'ti-a 

A-trop'a-tus 

At'ro-pos 

At-tae'o-raa 

At-ta-li'a 

At'ta-lus 

At-tar'ras 

At-teg'u-a 

At-te'i-us 

At/ti-sa 

At'ti-cus 

At-ti-da'tes 

At'ti-la 

At-til'i-us 

At-ti'nas 

At'ti-us 

At-u-afi-ci 

At'u-bi 

At'u-rus 

A-ty'a-dae 

A'tys 

Au-cha'tse 

Au-de'ra 

An-fe'i-a A-'qua 

Au-fi-de'ria 

Au-fid'i-us 

Au'fi-dus 

Au'ga, Au r ge 

Au'ga-rus 

Au'ge-33 

Au-gi'as, Au-ge'as 

Au'gi-be 

Au-gi'nus 

Au-gus-ta'li-a 

Au-gus-ti'nus 

Au -gns-to-nero/e- 

tum 
Au-gus'tn-lus 
Au-gus'tus, 

Au-gus'ta 
Au-les'tes 
Au-le'tes 
Au'lis 

Au-lo-cre'ne 
Au'lon 
Au-lo'ni-ua 
Au'ras 

Au-re-li-a'nus 
An-re'li-us 
An-re'o-lus 
Au-ri'ga 
Au-rin'i-a 
Au-ro'ra 
Au-run'ci 
Au-run-eu-le-'i-us 
Aus-chi'sse 



Au'se-ris 

Au'so-nes 

Au-so'ni-a 

Au-son'i-d^ 

Au-so'ni-us 

Aus-ta-ge'na 

Aus-te'si-on 

Au-ta-ni'tis 

Au or At-to-bu^us 

Au-toe^a-nes 

Au-tocb'tho-nes 

Au'to-eles 

Au-toc'ra-tes 

Au-to-cre'ne 

Au-tol'e-mu8 

Au-tol'o-lffi 

Au-tol'y-ens 

Au-toni'a-te 

Au-tora'c-don 

Au-to-me-du/sa 

Au-tom'e-nes 

Au-tom'o-li 

Au-ton'o-e 

Au-toph-ra-da r tes 

Au-tri'cum 

Au-trig / o-nes 

Au-tu'ra 

Aux-e'si-a 

Aux'i-mon 

Av-a-ri'eurn 

A-var'i-eus 

Av'a-ses 

A-vel'la 

Av-en-ti^nus 

A-vei -/ nns or -na 

A-ves'ta 

A-vid-i-e'nus 

A-vid'i-us 

A-vi-e'nus 

A-vi'tus 

AM-um 

Ax'e-nus 

Ax-i'o-chus 

Ax-i'on 

Ax-i-o-ni'eus 

Ax-i-o'tas 

Ax-i-o'te-a 

Ax-i-o'the-a 

Ax'i-us 

Ax-'o-na 

Ax-o^es (a people) 

Ax'o-nes (tablets) 

A-zam'o-ra 

A'zan 

A-za'ni 

A-ze'^a 

A-zi'des 

A-zi'lis 

A-zi'ris 

Az'o-nax 

A -zo'i-us 

A-zo'tus 



B. 



BA-BIL'I-US 

Bab'i-lus 

Bab'y-lon 

Bab-y-lo'ni-a 

Ba-byr'sa 

Ba-byt'a-ce 

Bae-a-ba'sus 

Bac-cba'nal 

Bae-cha-na'li-a 

Bae- chan'tes 

Bae-che'is 

Bae-cbe / us 

Bae-cbi'a-daa 

Bae'chis 

Bae-chi'um 

Bae'chi-us (a man) 



Bac-cbi'us 

Bae-cbyFi-des 

Ba-ce'lus 

Ba-ce'nis 

Ba'cis 

Bac'o-rus 

Bae-tri-a'ni 

Bae-tri-a / na, 

Bae'tri-a 
Ba-eun'ti-us 
Bad'a-ea 
Bad-i-cbo'ra 
Ba r di-us 
Bad-u-hen'naa 
Ba?/bi-us 
BuB-so'la 



Bae-tbo'ron 

Boa'tis 

Baa'ton 

Bag-a-da'o-nes 

Ba-gis'ta-na 

Ba-gis'ta-nes 

Ba-go'as, Ba-go'sas 

Ba£^o-da / res 

Ba^gopb'a-nes 

Ba-go'us 

Bag'ra-da 

Bai'83 

Ba'la 

Ba-la'erus 

Bal-a-na'graa 

Ba-la'uus 



Ba-la'ri 

Bal-bil / his 

Bal-bi'nus 

Bal-ce'a 

Ba-le-a'res 

Ba-le'tus 

Bal-is-be'ga 

Ba-lis'ta 

Ba^i-us 

Bal-lon'o-ti 

Bal-ven'ti-us 

Bal'y-ra 

Bam-by'ce 

Ba-mu'rae 

Bam-u-ru'aa" 

Ba-ni-u / ba3 



Ban'ti-aa 
Ban'ti-us 
Baph'y-rus 
Bar'a-do 
Ba-rae'l 
Bar'a-thrum 
Bar'ba-ri 
Bar-ba'ri-a 
Bar-ba'tns 
Bar-bos'tbe-nes 
Bar-bytb'a-oe 
Bar-cse'i, or 
Bar-cMae 
Bar'ci-no 
Bar-ci'nus 
Bar-das'i 



CA 



CA 



CA 



CA 



CA 531 



Bar-da'nes 

Bar-di'ne 

Bar-dyllis 

Ba-re'a (r city) 

Ba're-a (a person) 

Ba'res 

Bar'go-se 

Bar-gu'si-i 

Ba-ri'ne 

Bar'i-sas 

Ba-ris'ses 

Ba'ri-um 

Bar'nu-us 

Bar-si'ne, 
Bar-se'ne 

Bar-za-en'tes 

Bar-za'nes 

Ba-se'ra 

Bas-i-le'a, -li'a 

Bas-i-li'dae 

Bas-i-li'des 

Bas-i-li'i 

Ba-sil-i-o-pot / a-mos 

Bas'i-lis 

Ba-sil'i-us (a per- 
son) 

Bas-i-li'us (a river) 

Bas'i-lu9 

Bas-sa'ni-a 

Bas-sa're-us 

Bas-sar'i-des 

Bas'sa-ris 

Bas-tar'nae 

Bas'ti-a 

Ba'ta 

Bat-a-no'chus 

Ba-ta'vi-a 

Ba-ta'vus, or 
Bat'a-vus 

Ba'thos 

Bath'v-cles 

Ba-thyllus 

Ba-ti-a'tus 

Ba-ti-e'a 

Ba-ti'ni 

Ba'tis 

Ba'to 

Ba'ton 

Bat-ra-cho-my-o- 
ma'chi-a 

Bat'ra-chus 

Bafta-rus 

Bat-ti'a-des 

Bat'u-lus 

Ba'vi-us 

Bav'o-ta 

Baz-a-en'tes 

Ba-za'ri-a 

Be-a'trix 

Bet)i-us 

Be-bri'a-cum 

Beb'ry-ce 

Beb'ry-ces, 
Be-bryc'i-i 

Be-bryc'i-a 

Be-chi'res 

Be-chi'ri 

Bel'a-tes 

Bel-e-mi'na 

Bel'e-nus 

Bel-e-phan'tes 

Bel'e-sis 



Bel'gi-ea 

Bel'gi-um 

Bel'gi-us 

Be'li-as 

Bel'i-des, pi. 

Be-li'des, sing. 

Be-lis'a-ma 

Bel-i-sa'ri-us 

Bel-is-ti'da 

Bel'i-ta> 

Bel-lag'i-nes 

Bel-ler'o-phon 

Bel'le-rus 

Bel-li-e'nus 

Bel-lo'na 

Bel-lo-na'ri-i 

Bel-lov'a-ci 

Bel-lo-o-va'eum 

Bel-lo-ve'sua 

Be'lon 

Bel'phe-gor 

Be'lus 

Bem-bi'na 

Be-na'eus 

Ben-di-di'us, adj. 

Ben-e-ven'tum 

Ben-the-sic'y-me 

Be-pol-i-ta'nus 

Ber'bi-cae 

Ber-e-cyn'thi-a 

Ber-e-eVn'thus 

Ber-e-ni'ce 

Ber-e-ni'cis 

Ber'gi-ne 

Ber'gi-on 

Ber-gis'ta-ni 

Ber'go-mum 

Be'ris, Ba'ris 

Ber'mi-us 

Ber'o-e 

Be-rce'a 

Ber-o-ni'ce 

Be-ro'sus 

Ber-rhce'a 

Be-ryb'ra-ces 

Be-ry'tus 

Bes'a-ra 

Bes'a-ro 

Be-sid'i-ae 

Be-sip'po 

Bes'ti-a 

Bes-yn-ge'ti 

Be-tar'mo-nes 

Bet'a-si 

Be-tbo'ron 

Bet'i-ra 

Be'tis 

Be-tu'ri-a 

Bi'a 

Bi-a'nor 

Bi'as 

Bi-bac'u-lus 

Bib'a-ga 

Bibli-a, Billi-a 

Bibli-na 

Bi-brae'te 

Bib'u-lus 

Bi'ces 

Bi'eon 

Bi-€or'ni-ger 

Bi-eor'nia 

Bi-e'phi 



Bi-for'mis 

Bi'frons 

BiFbi-lis 

Bi-ma'ter 

Bin'sri-um 

Bi'on 

Bi-o-ne'us 

Bi-sal'tse 

Bi-sal'tes 

Bi-sal'tis 

Bi-san'tbe 

Bis'to-nes 

Bis-to'ni-a 

Bi'tbus 

Bith'y-se 

Bi-thVn'i-a 

Bi-thy'ni 

Bit'i-as 

Bi'ton 

Bit-u-i'tus 

Bi-tun'tum 

Bi-tu'ri-eum 

Bi-tu'ri-ges 

Biz'i-a 

Bi-zo'ne 

Blse'na 

Blae'si-i 

Blse'sus 

Blan-de-no'na 

Blan-du'si-a 

Blas-to-pho3-ni / ces 

Ble-ni'na 

Blit'i-us 

Blu'ci-nm 

Bo-ad-i-ce'a 

Bo'as. Bo'e-a 

Bo-a'gri-us 

Bob-o-ne'a 

Bo-cali-as 

Bo-du-ag-na'tus 

Bo-du'ni 

Boe-be'is 

Boe'bi-a 

Bo-e-dro'mi-a 

Bce-or-o-bis'tas 

Boe-o-tar'chaa 

Boe-o'ti 

Bce-o'ti-a 

Bo-e'tbi-us 

Bo'e-tus 

Bo'e-us 

Bo'ges 

Bo'gud 

Bo'gus 

Bo'i-i 

Bo-joe'a-lus 

Bo'la 

Bol-be'ne 

Bol-bi-ti'num 

Bol'gi-us 

Bo-li'na 

Bol-i-na^'ns 

Bo-lis'sus / 

Bol-la'nus 

Boaus 

Bo-mi-en'ses 

Bo-mil r €ar 

Bom-o-ni'caa 

Bo-no'ni-a 

Bo-no'si-us 

Bo-os'u-ra 

Bo-o'tes 



Bo-o'tns, or 

Boe-o'tus 
Bo're-a 
Bo-re'a-des 
Bo 're -as 
Bo-re-as'mi 
Bo-re'on 
Bo're-us 
Bor-go'di 
Bo-ri'nus 
Bor-sip'pa 
Bo'rus 

Bo-rys'the-nes 
Bos'pho-rus 
Bos-tre'nus 
Bo-tro'dus 
Bot'ti-a 
Bot-ti-ae'is 
Bo-vi-a'num 
Bo-vil'la3 
Brae'a-ra 
Brae-ea'ti 
Bracb-ma'nes, 

-ma'ni 
Bras'si-a 
Bran-chi'a-des 
Bran'chi-dae 
Bran-chyl'li-des 
Bra'si-a3 
Bras'i-das 
Bras-i-de'i-a 
Bras'i-las 
Brau're 
Brau'ron 
Breu'ni 
Bren'ni-cus 
Bres'ci-a 
Bret'ti-i 
Bri-a / re-us 
Bri'as 
Bri-gan'tes 
Briff-an-ti'nns 
Bri^an'ti-um 
Bri-les'sus 
Bri'mo 
Bri'na 
Bri-se'is 
Bri'ses 
Bri-se'us 
Bri-tan'ni 
Bri-tan'ni-a 
Bri-tan'ni-eus' 
Brit-o-mar / tis 
Brit-o-ma / rus 
Brit'o-nes, or 

-to'nes 
Brix-el'lum 
Brix'i-a 
Brix'i-no 
Bri'zo 

Bro€-u-be1us 
Bro'mi-us 
Bro'mus 
Bron-ti'nus 
Bro'te-as 
Bro'the-us 
Bruc'te-ri 
Bru-ma'li-a 
Brun-du'si-um 
Bru-tid'i-us 
Bru'ti-i, or 

Brut'ti-i 



Bru'tu-lus 

Bru'tus 

Bry'as 

Bry-ax^ 

Bry'ce 

Bry'ges 

Bry'gi 

Brys'e-a 

Bu-ba-ce'ne 

Bu-ba'ces 

Bu'ba-ris 

Bu-bas-ti'a-€us 

Bn-bas'tis 

Bu'ba-sus 

Bu'laon 

Bu-ceph'a-la 

Bu-eeph'a-lua 

Bu'che-ta 

Bu-coFi-^a 

Bu-col'i-cum 

Bu-coli-on 

Bu^o-lus 

Bu-de'um 

Bu'di-i, or Bu-di / - 

ni 
Bu-do'ris 
Bu-do'rum 
Bu'ge-nes 
Bu'lis 
Bul-la'ti-us 
Bul-li'o-nes 
Bu'ne-a 
Bu-ni'ma 
Bu-no-me'a 
| Bn'nus 
Bx;'pa-lus 
Bu'pba-gTis 
Bu-pbo'ni-a 
Bu-pra'si-um 
Bu r ra, or Bu'ris 
Bu-ra'i-€us 
Bur-dig'a-la 
Bnr'si-a 
Bu'sa? 
Bn-si'ris 
Bu'ta 
Bu'te-o 
Bu'tes 
Bu'tho-e 
Bu-tbro'tnm 
Bu-thro'tns 
Bu-thyr'e-us 
Bu-to'a 
Bu'to-nes 
Bu-toi-'i-des 
Bu'tos 
Bu-tun'tum 
Bu'tus 
Bu'zv-ges 
Byb''li-a 
Byb'li-i 
Byl-li'o-nes 
By-za'ci-um 
Byz-an-ti'a-€U3 
By-zan'ti-on 
By-zan'ti-um 
By'zas 
By-ze'nns 
By-ze'ri 
By'zes 
Byz'i-a 



€A-ANTHTJS 

€ab'a-'des 

€ab'a-la 

•Gab'a-les 

€a-ba'li-i 

€ab-a-!i'nus 



€a-ba1is 

€a-bal1a-€a 

Cab-al-li'nua 

€a-baHi-o 

€a-bar'nos 

€a-bas'sua 



c. 



€a-be1e3 

Ca-be'sus 

■ea-bi'ra 

€a-bi r ri 

€a-bir'i-a 

Ca-bu'ra 



€ab'u-rns 

€a'€a 

€acb'a-les 

€a'€iis 

€a-^u'this 

€a-cyp'a-ris 



€a'di 

€ad-me r a 

Cad-me'is 

€a'dra 

€ad're-ma 

€a-du'ce-ui 



532 CA 


CA 


CA 


CA 


CA 


Ga-dur'ci 


Ga-lid'i-us 


Gam-e-li'tse 


Gap'sa-ge 


Ga-ry-a'tse 


Ga-dus'ci 


Ga-lig'u-la 


Gam'e-ra 


Gap-'u-a 


Ga-ry-a'tis, pi. 


Gad'y-tis 


Ga-lip'e-des 


^am-e-ra'eum 


Ga'pys 


-at'i-des 


Cte'a 


Galis 


Gam-e-ri'num, 


Gar-a-bae'tra 


Ga-ry'o-nes 


Cpe-ce'ti-us 


Gal-laVchrus 


Ga-mer'ti-urn 


Gar'a-bis 


Gar-ys-te'us 


Cse'ci-as 


Gal-la'i-ci 


Gam-e-ri / nus 


Gar-a-caFla 


Ga-rys'ti-us 


Cfp-cil-i-a'nua 


Gal-la'i-nus 


Ga-mer'tes 


Ga-rae'a-tes 


Ga-rys'tus 


Ca^-cil'i-us 


€al-la-teO)us 


Ga-mil'lus, -a 


Ga-rae'ta-eus 


Ga'ry-um 


Caec'i-lua 


Gal-le'ni 


Ga-ini'ro 


Ga'rse 


Ga-sa'le 


Cfe-ci'na 


Gal-le-te'ri-a 


Ga-mi'rus, 


Ga-rse'us 


Gas-cel'li-us 


Cree'u-bum 


Galli-a 


Ga-rnFra 


Gar'a-lis 


Gas-i-lFnum 


Csee'u-lus 


Gal-li'a-des 


Gam-is-sa'res 


Gar-a-malus 


Ga-si'na, or 


CiP-dic'i-us 


Gal-li-a-ni'ra 


Ga-mce'nae 


Ga-ram/bri 


Ga-si'num 


Cne'li-us, -a 


Gal-li'a-rus 


Gam-pa'ni-a 


Ga^ran'to-nus 


Gas'i-na 


Caem'a-ro 


Gal'li-as 


Gam-pa / nus 


Gar'a-nus - 


Ga'si-us 


Cae'ne, or 


Gal-lib'i-ns 


Gam-pas'pe 


Ga-rau'si-us 


Gas'rne-nse 


Cre-nop'o-lis 


Gal-li-ce'rus 


Gam'pe-sua 


Gar-bc/nes 


Gas-mil'la 


Ca^ne-us 


Gal-lich'o-rus 


Gam-u-lo-gi'nua 


Gar'bu-la 


Gas-pe'ri-a 


Ca?-ni / na 


Gal'Ii-€les 


Ga'na 


Gar-che'don 


Gas-pei-'u-la 


Cse'nis 


Gal-li-eo-lo'na 


Gan'a-ce 


Gar-ci'nus (a man) 


Gas-pi-a'na 


Ca?-not/ro-pa3 


Gal-lie'ra-tes 


Gan'a-che 


Gar'ci-nus (a star) 


Gas'pi-i 


Cse'pi-o 


Gal-li-erat'i-das 


Gan'a-ckua 


Gar-da'ces 


Gas-pi'ra 


Ca?-ra'tns 


Gal-li-dam'a-tes 


Ga'nre 


Gar-da-me'ne 


Gas'pi-nm Ma're 


Cse're, or Carres 


Gal-lid'i-us 


Ga-na'ri-a 


Gar-dam'y-le 


Gas-san-da'ne 


Caer'e-si 


Gal-lid'ro-mua 


Ga-na'ri-i 


Gar-de'sus 


Gas-san^er 


Caer'i-tes 


Gal-li-ge'tus 


Gan'a-thus 


Gar r di-a 


Gas-san'dra 


Cres-a-re'a 


Gal-lim'a-chua 


Gah'da-ce 


Gar'du-se 


Gas-san-dri'a 


Cae-sa're-ua 


Gal-lim/e-don 


Gan-da'vi-a 


Gar-du'chi 


Gas'si-a 


Cre-sa'ri-on 


Gal-lim'e-les 


Gan-dau'les 


Gar-dy'tus 


Gas-si-o-do / rns 


Cae-sa-ro-du'num 


Gal-li-ni'cua 


Gan-di'o-ni 


Ga'res 


Gas-si'o-pe, or 


Cses-a-rom'a-gus 


Gal-li'nus 


Gan-di'o-pe 


Gar'e-sa 


Gas-si-o-pe / a 


Cfle-se'na 


Gal-li-o-do'rus 


Ga'nens 


Ga-re'sns 


Gas-sil/e-ra 


Ca'-sen'ni-us 


Gal-li'o-pas 


Gan-e-pho'ri-a 


Ga-res'sus 


Gas-si-ter'i-des 


Cre'si-us, -a 


€al-li'o-pe 


Gan'e-thnm 


Gar-fin'i-a 


Gas'si-us 


Cre'so 


Gal-li-pa-ti'ra 


Ga-nic-u-la'res 


Ga'ri-a 


Gas-si-ve-lau / nu8 


Cae-so'ni-ns, -a 


Gal'li-phon 


Di-es 


Ga'ri-as 


Gas-so'pe 


Cset/o-brix 


Gal'li-phron 


•Ga-nid'i-ns, -a 


Ga-ri'a-te 


Gas-so'tis 


Cset/u-lum 


Gal-lip'i-dse 


■ga-nin-e-fa'tes 


Ga-rilla 


Gas-tab'a-la 


Cre'yx 


Cal-lip'o-lia 


■Ca-niiFi-us 


Ga-ri'na 


Gas'ta-bus 


Ga-ga'co 


Gal'li-pns, or 


Ga-nis'ti-us 


■Ga-ri'nae 


Gas-ta'li-us, -a 


Ga-i-ci'nus 


Ga-lip'pna 


Ga'ni-us 


Gai^i-ne 


Gas'ta-lis 


Ga-i'-eus 


Gal-i-py'ges 


Ga-no'bns 


Ga-ri'nns 


Gas-ta'ne-a 


Ga-i-e'ta 


Gal-liv'ho-e 


•Ca-nop'i-eum 


Ga-ri'on 


Gas-the'nes 


Ga'i-us, Ga'i-a 


Gal-lis'te 


■ea-no'pus 


Ga-ris'sa-num 


Gas-ti-a-ni'ra 


Ga-je'ta 


Gal-lis-ti'a 


■Gan'ta-bra 


Ga-ris'tum 


Gas-to'lus 


Gal'a-ber 


Gal-lis'the-nes 


Gan'ta-bri 


Gar-ma / ni 


Gas'to-res pi. 


Ga-la'bri-a 


Gal-lis'to 


■Gan-ta'bri-a 


Gar-ma'ni-a 


Gas-tra'ti-us 


Gal'a-brns 


Gal-lis-to-ni'eua 


■Gan-tha-roKe-thron 


Gar-ma'nor 


Gas'tri-euB 


Gal-a-gur-ri-ta'ni 


Gal-lis'tra-tus 


■ewtha-rus 


Gar-me'lns 


Gas'tn-lo 


Gal-a-gu'ris 


Gal-lix'e-na 


Gan-the'la 


Gar-men'ta, -tis 


Gat-a-ba'nes 


Gal'a-is 


Gal-lix'e-nus 


€an'ti-um 


Gar-men-ta^is 


Gat-a-4-lo'thes 


Gal'a-mis 


Ga'lon 


Gan-u-le'i-us, -a 


Gar'mi-des 


Gat-a-du 7 pi 


Gal-a-mi'sse 


Gal'o-pus 


•Ga-nu'li-a 


Gar'na 


Gat-a-men'te-les 


Gal'a-mos 


Ga'lor 


■ea-nu'si-um 


Gar-na'si-us 


Gat'a-na 


Gal'a-mus 


Gal'pe-tus 


Ga-nu'si-us 


Gar-ne'a-des 


Ga-ta'on-es 


Ga-la'nus 


Gal-phur'ni-ua 


■Ca-nu'ti-us 


Gar-ne'i-a 


Gat-a-o'ni-a 


Gal'a-on 


Gal-pnr'ni-ua 


•Ga-pa'ne-us 


Gar'ne-us 


Ga-taph'ry-ges 


Ga-laph'a-tes 


Gal-u-sid'i-us 


€a-pel'la 


Gar'ni-on 


Gat-a-rac'tes 


Gal'a-ris 


Gal-u'si-um 


Ga-pe'nas 


Gar'no-nes 


Ga-tar'rhy-tua 


Ga-la'rus 


Gal'vi-a 


Ga-jje'nus, -a 


Gar-nu'tes 


Gat'e-nes 


Gal'a-tes 


Gal-vi'na 


€a'per 


Gar-nu'tum 


Ga-thse'a 


Gal-a-tha'na 


Gal-vi'mta 


€ap'e-tus 


Gar-os-ce'pi 


Gath'a-ri 


Ga-la'thi-on 


Gal-vis'i-us 


Ga-pha're-us 


Gar-pa'si-a, -um 


Ga-ti-e'nus, -a 


Gal'a-thus 


GaFy-be 


€a-pbe'ris 


Gar r pa-tes 


Gat-i-li'na 


Ga-la'ti-a 


Gal-y-€ad r nus 


€a"phy-se 


Gar'pa-tbus 


Ga-tiH-ua 


Ga-la'ti-ae 


GaFy-ce 


€a r pi-o 


Gar-pe'i-a 


Ga-tiFli 


Gal-au-re'a, -ri'a 


Ga-lyd-'i-iim 


■Ga-pis'sa 


Gar-poph'o-rus, -ra 


Ga-tillus, or 


Ga-laM-ua 


Ga-lyd'na 


€ap-is-se r ne 


Gar-ri-na'tes 


Cat/i-lua 


Gal-ea'gns 


Gal'y-don 


€ap r i-to 


Gar-ru'ea 


Cat'i-na 


Gal-che-do'ni-a 


Gal-y-do'nis 


Gap-i-to-li'nns 


Gar-se'o-li 


Ga'ti-us, -a 


Gal-chin'i-a 


Gal-y-do'ni-us 


Gap-i-to'li-nm 


Gar-tali-as 


Gat-i'zi 


Ga-le'num 


Ga-lym'ne 


•Gap-noVa-tse 


Gai -/ ta-re 


Ga'to 


Ga-led'o-nes 


Ga-lyn'da 


Gap-pa-do'ci-a 


Gar-te'i-a 


Ga'tre-ns 


Gal-e-do'ni-a 


Ga-lyp'so 


Gap'pa-dox 


Gar'te-nus 


Gat-n-li-a'na 


Ga-len'tum 


Gam-a-lo-du'imm 


Ga-pra'ri-a 


Gar-thae'a 


Ga-tuFlus 


Ga-le'nus 


Ga-man'ti-um 


Ga'pre-aj 


Gar-thag-i-ni-en r ses 


Gat'u-lus 


Ga-le'rus 


€a-mar'a-eum 


Gap-ri-€or / nus 


Gar-tha'go 
Gar'tba-lo 


Ga-tuM-ges 


Ga-le'si-us 


Gam-a-ri'na 


Gap-ri-fic-i-a'lis 


Gau'ca-sua 


€a-le'tae 


Gam-a-ri / toe 


Ga-pri'ma 


Gar'tha-sis 


Ga-u-'ci 


€al'e-ti 


€am -bau'les 


Ga-prip'e-des 


Gar-the'a 


Gau^on 


Ga'lex 


Gam-bu'ni-i 


Ga'pri-as 


Gar-viFi-ua 


Gau-eo'nes 


Ga-li-ad'ne 


Gam-by'ses 


Gap-ro-ti'na 
Ga'prus 


Ga'rus 


Gau'di, Cau'di-um 


Gal-i-ce'm 


Gam-e-la'ni 


Ga'ry-a 


Gau-di'nua 





CE 


CE 


CH 


CH 


CI 533 


•Gau-lo'ni-a 


Cen-so-ri'nus 


Ce-rilli 


Char-a-eo'ma 


Cbi'ron 


■fcau'ni-i 


Cen-ta-re'tus 


Ce-ril'lum 


Cbar'a-dra 


Cbi-to / ne 


^au'ni-us 


Cen-tau'ri-eus 


Ce-rin'thua 


Char'a-dros 


Chit/ri-um 


€au / nus 


Cen-tau'rus 


Cer'i-tes 


Cba-ra^'a-das 


Cblo'e 


€fao/ros 


Cen-tiin'a-nua 


Cer-ma'nus 


Char-an-dse 7 ! 


Cblo're-us 


1 €au'ru8 


Cen-tob'ri-ea 


Ce'ron 


Cha'rax 


Cblo'ris 


■Ga'us 


Cen'to-res 


Cer-o-pas'se-das 


Cha-rax'es, or -us 


Cblo'rus 


■Gav'a-res 


Cen-tor'i-pa, or 


Ce-ros'tsus 


Cha'res 


Cbo-a-ri'na 


■Cav-a-rillus 


Cen-tu'ri-pa 


Cer'phe-res 


Char'i-eles 


Cho-as'pes 


€av-a-ri'nus 


Cen-tri'tes 


Cer-re-ta'ni 


Char-i-eli'des 


Cho'a-trai 


€a'vi-i 


Cen-tro / nes 


Cer-rbae'i 


Cbar'i-elo 


Chorus 


■Ga-y'ci 


Cen-tro'ni-us 


Cer-so-blep'tes 


Char-i-de'mus 


Cbajr'a-des 


■ea-y'eus 


Cen-tum'vi-ri 


Cer'ti-ma 


Char'i-la 


Choe're-aj 


•Ca-ys'ter, or 


Cen-tu'ri-a 


Cer-to'ni-um 


Cbar-i-la'us, 


Cboer'i-lus 


^a-ys'trua 


Ce'os 


Cer-va'ri-us 


Cba-rillus 


Cbol-on-ti'chus 


•Gaz'e-ea 


Cepb'a-las 


Cer'vi-us 


Cba-ri'ni 


Cbou'ni-das 


Ce'a 


Ceph-a-le'di-on 


Ce-ry'ces 


Cha'ris 


Cho-nu'phis 


Ce'a-des 


Ce-pbal'len, 


Ce-ryc'i-us 


Cha-ris'i-a 


Cho-ra'gus 


Ce'ba 


Cepb-a-le'na, -ni-a 


Cer-y-mi'ea 


Cbar'i-tes 


Cbo-ras'mi 


Ceb-al-li'nus 


Cepb-al-le'ni 


Cer-y-ne'a 


Cbar'i-ton 


Cbo-rin'e-us 


Ceb-a-ren'ses 


Cepb'a-lo 


Cer-y-ni'tes 


Char'ma-das 


Cho-roe'bus 


Ce'bes 


Ceph-a-loe'dis, 


Ce-sel'li-us 


Cbai -/ mi-das 


Chor-om-nic'i 


Ce'bren 


Ceph-a-lu'di-um 


Ce-sen'ni-a 


Cbai^mi-des 


Chor'o-ne 


Ce-bre'ni-a 


Cepb'a-lon 


Ces'ti-us 


Cbar-mi'nus 


Cbos'ro-es 


Ce-bre'nis 


Cepb-a-lot/o-mi 


Ces-tri'nus, -na 


Cbar-mi'o-ne 


Chre'mes 


Ce-bri'o-nes 


Cepb'a-lus 


Ce-te'i 


Cbar-mos'y-na 


Cbrem / e-tes 


Ce'brus 


Ce-pbe'is 


Ce'tes 


Cbar'mo-tas 


Chres'i-pbon 


Cec'i-das 


Ce-pbe'nes 


Ce-the'gus 


Cba'ron 


Cbres-pbon'tes 


Ce-cil'i-118 


Ce'phe-us 


Ce'ti-i 


Cha-ron'das 


Cbro'ini-a 


Ce-ci'na 


Ce-pbis'i-a 


Ce'ti-us 


Char-o-ne'a 


Cbro'mi-os 


Ce-cin / na 


Cepb-i-si'a-des 


Ce'to 


Cba-ro'ni-um 


Chro'mis 


Ce-ero'pi-a 


Ce-pbis-i-do'rua 


Ce'us 


Cba'rops, or 


Cbro'mi-us 


Ce-erop'i-dae 


Ce-phis'i-on 


Ce'yx 


Char'o-pes 


Chro'ni-us 


Cee'ro-pis 


Ceph-i-sod'o-tus 


Cba-be'rus 


Cha-ryb'dis 


Chro'nos 


Ce'erops 


Ce-phi'sus, or 


Cba'bes 


Cbat/ra-mis 


Cbry'a-sus 


Ce-erypb-a-le'a 


Ce-pbis'sus 


Cba-bi'nus 


Cba-u'ci, or -y'ci 


Cbry'sa, -se 


Ce'don 


Ce'pbren 


Cba-bo'ras 


Chau'la 


Cbrys'a-me 


Ce-dre'a 


Ce'pi-o 


Cha'bri-a 


Chau'rus 


Cbry-san'tas 


Ce-dre-a'tia 


Ce'pi-on 


Cha'bri-as 


Cbav'o-nes 


Cbry-san'thi-us 


Ce-dru'si-i 


Cer'a-ea 


Cba'bry-is 


Cba-ze'ne 


Cbry-san'tis 


Ceg'lu-sa 


Ce-rae'a-tes 


CbjB-an'i-tae 


Cbe'a 


Chrys-a-o're-us 


Ce'i 


Ce-ram'bus 


Cbos're-a 


Cbe'lae 


Cbry-sa'o-ris 


Cel'a-don 


Cer-a-mi'eus 


Cbfe're-as 


Cbeles 


Cbry'sas 


Cel'a-dus 


Ce-ra'mi-um 


Cbaer-e-de'mus 


Cbel-i-do'ni-a 


Cbry-sas'pi-des 


Ce-lae'nae, Ce-le'ne 


Cer'a-mus 


Cbai-re'mon 


Cbe-lid'o-nis 


Cbry-se'is 


Ce-lse'no 


Ce'ras 


Cbaer'e-pbon 


Cbe-lid-o-n^sum 


Chry-ser'mus 


Ce'le-ae 


Cer'a-sus 


CbiB-res'tra-ta 


Cbel'o-ne 


Cbrys'e-rus 


Ce-le'i-a, Cela 


Cer'a-ta 


Cbai-rin'tbus 


Cbel'o-nis 


Chry'ses 


Cel-e-la'tes 


Ce-ra'ton 


Chie-rip / pus 


Chel-o-nopb'a-gi 


Cbry-sip'pe 


Ce-len'drae, -dris, 


Ce-ra'tus, or -tbus 


Chae'ro 


Chel-y-do'ri-a 


Cbry-sip'pus 


-de-ris 


Ce-rau'ni-a 


Cba^r-o-ne'a 


Che'na 


Chry'sis 


Ce-le'ne-us 


Ce-rau'ni-i 


Cha-liB'on 


Cbe'nfe 


Cbrys-o-as'pi-des 


Ce-lun'na 


Ce-rau / nus 


Chal-cae'a 


Cbe'ni-on 


Chry-soc'e-ros 


Ce'ler 


Ce-rau'si-us 


Cbal-ceMon, 


Cbe'ni-us 


Cbrys'o-cbir 


Cel'e-res 


Cer'ba-lus 


Chal-ce-do'ni-a 


Cbe'o-pes 


Chry-sog'o-nus 


Cel'e-trum 


Cer-be'ri-on 


Chal-cet'o-res 


Cbe'ops, or -os'pes 


Chrys-o-la'us 


Ce'le-us 


Cer'be-rus 


Chal-ci-de'ne 


Cbe'pbren 


Chrys-o-lo'ras 


Cel'o-nae 


Cer'ca-pbus 


Chal-ci-den'ses 


Cber-e-moe'ra-tes 


Chyr-son'di-um 


Cel'ti-ber 


Cer-ca-so'rum 


Chal-cid'e-us 


Cbe-ris'o-pbus 


Chry-sop'o-lis 


Cel-ti-be'res 


Cer-ce'is 


Cbal-cid'i-ea 


Cber^-pbon 


Cbry-sor'rbo-ai, or 


Cel-ti-be'ri 


Cer-ce'ne 


Cbal-cid'i-cus 


Cbei -/ si-as 


-as 


Cel'ti-ea 


Cer-ces'tes 


Chal-ci-oe'eus 


Cber-sid'a-mas 


Chry-sos'to-mua 


Cel'ti-ci 


Cer'ce-tse 


Cbal-ci-o'pe 


Cber'si-pho 


Cbry-sotb'e-mis 


Cel-til'lus 


Cer'ci-des 


Chal-ci'tes 


Cher'si-pbron 


Chryx'us 


Cel-to-gal'a-taj 


Cer'ci-i 


Cbal-ci'tis 


Ober-so'na 


Chtbo'ni-us, -a 


Cel-to'ri-i 


Cer-ci'iia, or 


Cbal'co-don 


Cber-so-ne'sus, or 


Cbthon-o-pby'le 


Cel-tos'cy-tbae 


Cer-cin'na 


Cbal-dae'a 


Cber-ro-ne'sus 


Ci-a-gi'si 


Ce'ma 


Cer-cin'i-um 


Chal-diiVi 


Cbe-rus'ci 


Cib'a-lae 


Cem'me-nua 


Cer'ci-us 


Cba-les'tra 


Chid-na-'i 


Cib-a-ri'tis 


Cen'a-bum 


Cer-eo'pes 


Cbal'e-tos 


Chi-do'rus 


Ci-bo'tua 


Ce-me'um 


Cer'cy-on, or 


Cbal-o-ni'tis 


Chil-i-ar'chus 


Cib'y-ra 


Cen'cbre-ae 


-cy'o-nes 


Cbal'y-bes 


Cbil'i-us, or -e-us 


Cic'e-ro 


Cen'cbre-is 


Cer-cypb'a-lae 


ChaKy-bon 


Chi'lo 


Cicb'y-ris 


Cen'cbri-us 


Cer-cy'ra 


Cbal-'y-bo-ni / tis 


Cbi-lo'nis 


Cie'o-nes 


Ce-nes'po-lis 


Cer-do'us 


Cha'lybs 


Chi-mit'ra 


Ci-eu'ta 


Ce-ne'ti-um 


Cer-dyl'i-um 


Cha-ma'ni, or -vi 


Chim'a-rus 


Cic-y-ne'tbus 


Ce'ne-us 


Ce-re-ali-a 


Cha'ne 


Cbi-me'ri-um 


Cil'i-ces 


Cen-i-mag / ni 


Ce'res 


Cha'on 


Cbi-om'a-ra 


Ci-lic'i-a, Ci-lis'sa 


Ce-ni'na 


Ce-res'sus 


Cha'o-nes 


Cbi'on 


Ci'lix 


Ce-ni'nes 


Cer'e-tfe 


Cba-o'ni-a, 


Chi'o-ne 


Cil'ni-us 


Cen-o-ma'ni 


Ce-re'tes 


Cha-o-ni'tis 


Cbi-on'i-dea 


Cilo 


Ce'non 


Ce-ri-alis 


Cha'os 


Chi'o-nis 


Cim-be'ri-us 


Cen-so'res 


Ce'ri-i 


Cbar-as-rao'ba 


Chi'os 


Ciui'bri-eum 

1 



534 CL 



CL 



CO 



CO 



CO 



Cim / bri-€us 

Ciin/i-nus 

Chn-me'ri-i 

Cim'me-ris 

Cim-me'ri-um 

Ci-mo / lis 

Ci-inolus 

Ci'inon 

Ci-niB / thon 

Cin'a-ra 

Ci-nar'a-das 

Cin'ci-a 

Cin-cin-na / tus 

Cin'ci-us 

Cin'e-as 

Ci-ne'si-as 

Cin'e-tbon 

Cin-get'o-rix 

Cin'gu-la-ni 

Cin'gu-lum 

Cin-i-a'ta 

Ci-nitb'i-i 

Cin'na-don 

Cin'na-rnus 

Cin-ni'a-na 

Cinx'i-a 

Ci'nyps, 

Cin'y-phus 
Cin'y-ras 
Ci'os 
Ci-pe'rus 
Cir-c;e / um 
Cir-cen'ses Lu'di 
Cir'ci-us 
Ci'ris 

Cir-rae'a-tum 
Cir'rha, Cyr'rha 
Cir'tha, Cir'ta 
Cis-al-pi'na Galli-a 
Cis'se-is 
Cis-se'ua 
Cis'si-a 
Cis'si-as 
Cis'si-des 
Cis-so-es r sa 
Cis-su'sa 
Cis-the'ne 
Cis-to-bo'ci 
Ci-thae'ron 
Cith-a-ris'ta 
Ci-the'las 
Citb'e-ron 
Cit'i-um 
Ci'us 
Ci-vi / lis 
Ciz'y-eum 
Gla'de-us 
Gla'nes 
Gla'nis 
Gla'ni-us 
Gla-ra'nus 
Gla'rus, or -ros 
Glas-tid'i-um 
Glau'di-a 
Glau-di-a'nus 
Glau-di-op'o-lis 
Glau'di-us 
Glau'sus 
Gla-vi-e'nus 
Glav'i-ger 
Gla-zom'e-nee, or 

-na 
Gle'a-das 
Gle-ier'e-ta 
Gle-an'der 
Gle-an'dri-das 
Gle-an'thes 
Gle-ar'cbus 
Gle-ar'i-des 
Gle'mens 
€le'o 
Gle'o-bis 
Gle-o-bula 



Gle-ob-u-li'na 

Gle-o-bu'lus 

Gle-o-cba'res 

Gle-o-cha'ri-a 

Gle-o-d;i j/ us 

Gle-od'a-mus 

Gle-o-de'mus 

Gle-o-do'ra 

Gle-o-dox'a 

Gle-og'e-nes 

Gle-O-la'llS 

Gle-om'a-cbus 

Gle-o-man'tes 

Gle-oiri'bro-tus 

Gle-o-me'des 

Gle-om'e-nes 

Gle'on 

Gle-o'nse, -na 

Gle-o'ne 

Gle-o-ni'ea 

Gle-o-ni'eus 

Gle-on'nis 

Gle-on'y-mus 

Gle/o-pas 

Gle-op'a-ter 

Gle-o-pa'tra, 

Gle-op'a-tra 
Gle-op'a-tris 
€le-oph/a-nes 
Gle-o-phan'tbus 
Gle'o-pbes 
Gle-oph'o-lus 
Gle'o-phon 
Gle-o-pby'lus 
Gle-o-pom'pus 
Gle-op-tol'e-mus 
Gle'o-pus 
Gle-o'ra 
Gle-os'tra-tus 
Gle-ox'e-nus 
Glep'sy-dra 
Gle'ri 
Gles'i-des 
Gle'ta 
■Glet-a-be'ni 
Glib'a-nus 
Gli-de'rnus 
Gli'max 
■Glim'e-nus 
Gli'nas 
■eiin / i-as 
Gli-nip'pi-des 
Gli'nus 
€li'o 

Gli-sith'e-ra 
Glis'tbe-nes 
€li'tse 
Gli-tar'cbus 

ewte 

Gli-tar'ni-a 

Glit-o-de/mns 

Gli-toin / a-chus 

Gli-ton'y-rnus 

Glit/o-phon 

elisor 

Gli-to'ri-a 

Gli-tum/nua 

Gli'tus 

Glo-a'ea 

Glo-a-ci'na 

Glo-an'thus 

Glo'di-us, -a 

Gloe'li-us, -a 

Glo'nas 

Glon'di-eus 

Glo'ni-us, -a 

Glo'tho 

Glu-a-ci'na 

Glu-en'ti-us 

Glu'pe-a, Glyp'e-; 

Gu-si'ni Fon'tes 

Glu-si'o-lum 

Glu'si-um 



Glu'si-us 

Glu'vi-us, -a 

Glym'e-ne 

Glym-e-ne'i-des 

Glym'e-nus 

Gly-son'y-mus 

Gly-son-y-mu'sa 

Glyt-em-nes'tra 

Glyt'i-a, or -e 

€lyt'i-us 

Gly'tus 

Gna-ea'di-um 

Gnae'a-lis 

Gnae'a-lus 

Gna'gi-a 

Gne'inus 

Gne'us, or Cnae'us 

Gni-din'i-um 

Gni'dus 

Gno'pus 

Gnos-si-a 

Gnos'sus 

Go-a-ma'ni 

Go-as'tra?, -ac'trse 

Gob'a-res 

Goe'a-lus 

Goe-ce'i-us 

Goe-cyg'i-us 

Go'eles 

Goe'li-tes 

Goe'ti-re, Cot'ti-se 

Go-cy'tus 

€o-da r nus 

Go-dom'a-nus 

€od'ri-dse 

Go-drop'o-lis 

Go'drus 

Cce-ciFi-us 

Cce'la 

Cos-lal'e-tse 

Cce'le 

Ccel-e-syr'i-a, 

Coal-o-syr'i-a 
Cce'li-a 
Cce-li-ob'ri-ga 
Cos'li-us 
Coelus 
Coe'Dus 
Ccer'a-nus 
€o'es 
Coss-'y-ra 
Coa'us 
Gog'a-mus 
€og-i-du / nus 
Co'hi-bus 
Gol-a-cc'a 
■eo-la^nus 
Go-lan'eo-rum 
■Go-lax'a-is 
€o-lax'es 
•Go-leri'da 
•Go'li-as 
Gol-la'ti-a 
■eol-]a-ti / nus 
Gol-li'na 
Gol-lu'ci-a 
€o'lo 
■Go-lo'nse 
■Go-lo'ne 
•eo-lo'ni-a 
■Gp-lo'nos 
€ol'o-phon 
Go-los'se, -sis 
■Go-los'sus 
€o-lo'tes 
€ol-tbe'ne 
Gol-u-bra'ri-a 
€o-lum / ba 
Gol-u-mel'la 
•eol-um'nie 
Go-lu'thus 
Co-lyt'tus 
Gom-a-ge'na 



€om-a-ge / ni 

fio-ma'na 

•eo-ma'ni-a 

€o-ma're-a 

■eonVa-ri 

■Gom'a-rus 

€o-nias / tus 

Go-ma'ta 

■eom-ba'bus 

•Gom-bre'a 

flom'bu-tis 

€o-me / dse 

Co-me'tes 

€!oni / e-tho 

■Go'inin'i-us 

•Co-mit'i-a 

Go'mi-us 

€om-ma-_ 

€om / mo-dus 

Go'inon 

Gom-pi-ta'li-a 

Gom-plu'tum 

■Gomp'sa-tus 

Gom-pu'sa 

€o'mum 

€o'mus 

Gon'ea-ni 

Clon-cor'di-a 

Con'da-lus 

Gon-da'te 

■Gon-di-vic'num 

€on-do-cha / tes 

■eon-dra'si 

Gon-dyFi-a 

■Gon-dy'lus 

Go'ne 

•eon-e-to-du / nus 

•eon-fu / ci-us 

Gon-ge'dus 

•Go-ni'a-ci 

Go'ni-i 

€o-nim / bri-ea 

Gon-i-saFtus 

Go-nis'ci 

■Gon-ni'das 

Go'non 

€0-110^6 

Gon-sen'tes 

Gon-sen'ti-a 

Gon-sid'i-us 

Gon-si-li'num 

Gon-stan'ti-a 

Gon-stan-ti'a 

(a city) 
Gon-stan-ti'na 
Gon-stan-ti-nop^- 

lis 
Gon-stan-ti'nus 
Gon-stan / ti-us 
Gon-syg'na 
Gon-ta-des / dus 
Gon-to-po-ri / a 
Gon-tu'bi-a 
Go'nus 

Gon-eoVo-rus 
Go'on 
Go'os 
Go'psB 
Gop'a-is 
Go'phas 
Go-phon-'tis 
Go'pi-a 
Go-pillua 
Go-po'ni-us 
Gop'ra-tes 
Go'pre-us 
Go'ra 
Gor-a-ce'si-nm, or 

Gor-a-cen'si-um 
Gor-a-eo-na'sus 
Gor-a-co-ne'sus 
Go-raFe-tae 
Go-ra'li, or -ral-li 



Go-ra'nus 

Go'ras 

Go'rax 

Go-rax'i 

Gor'be-ns 

Gor^u-lo 

Goi -/ €o-ba 

Goi -/ €o-ras 

Gor-cy'ra 

Gor'du-ba 

Gor-du-e^o 

Gor-dy'la 

Go're 

Go-res'sus 

Goi^e-sus 

Go-re'sus 

Gor'e-tas 

Gor-nn'i-um. 

Go'ri-a 

Go-ri'a 

GO"!!!!^-!!]!! 

Go-rin / na 

Go-rm / nus 

Go-rin'thns 

Go-ri-o-la'nus 

Go-n'o-li, or -ona 

Go-ris'sus 

Go-ri'tha 

Gor'i-tus 

Gor'ma-sa 

Gor-ne^i-us, -a 

Gor-nic'u-lum 

Gor-ni-fic^-us 

Gor'ni-ger 

Gor-nu'tus 

Go-roe / bus 

Go-ro'na 

Gor-o-ne'a 

Go-ro'ni-a 

Gor-o-ni'des 

Go-ro'iiis 

Go-ron'ta 

Go-ro'nus 

Go-ro'pe 

Gor-rha'gi-um 

Gor-se'a 

Gor'si-a 

Gor'si-ca 

Goi -/ so-te 

Gor-su'ra 

Gor-to'na 

Gor-ty'ria 

Gor-un-ea'nus 

GCrus 

Gor-vi'nus 

Gor-y-ban'tes 

Goi-'y-bas 

Gor-y-bas'sa 

Gor'y-bus 

Go-ryc'i-a 

Go-ryc'i-des 

Go-ryc'i-ns 

Go-ry'eus, or -eos 

Gor'y-don 

Goi-'y-la, or -le'um 

Go-rym / bi-fer 

Gor'y-na 

Gor-y-ne'ta, or -tea 

Gor-y-pha'si-um 

Goi^y-phe 

Go-iytba 

Gor-y-then'ses 

Gor'y-thus 

Go-ry'tns 

Go'sa, Go'sae 

Gos-eo'rii-us 

Go-sin'gas 

Go'sis 

Gos'se-a 

Gos-su / ti-i 

Gos-to-bo'ci 

Gos-to-boe / i 

Go-sy'ra 



r 

DA 


, DA 


DA 


DA 


DA 535 


■Go'tcs 


Greph-a-gje-ne'tlM 


Grot'a-lua 


Cyiyfe-ta 


Cy-nis'ea 


Go'thon 


Gre'sa 


Gro'ton 


Cyb'e-lus 


Cy'no 


Go-tho'ne-a 


Gre'si-us 


Gro-to'na 


Cyb'i-ra 


Cyn-o-cepVa-le 


Got-i-nu'sa 


Gres-pbon'tes 


Gro-to-ni-a'tae 


Cy-bis'tri-a 


Cyn-o-cepb'a-li 


Got'i-so 


Gi'es'si-us 


Gro-to'pi-as 


Cy-ce'si-um 


Cyn-o-pbon'tis 


Got/ti-ae 


Gres-to'ne 


Gro-to'pus 


Cych're-us 


Cy-nop'o-lis 


Got-to'nis 


Gre'sus 


Gro'tus 


Cycla-des 


Cy-nor'tas 


Go-ty-ae'um 


Gre'ta 


Gru'nos 


Cy-clob'o-rus 


Cy-nor'ti-on 


Go-ty-a-i'on 


Gre / ta3-us 


Gru'sis 


Cyc-lo-pa.-di / a 


Cy'nos 


Got-V-lae'uS 


Gre'te 


Grus-tu / mc-ri 


Cy-clo'pes 


Cyn-o-sar'ges 


Go-tyl'i-us 


Gre'te-a 


Grus-tu-rne'ri-a, 


Cyc-lo-pe'us 


Cyn-os-se'ma 


Go'tys 


Gre'tes 


or -um 


Cy'da 


Cyn-o-su'ra 


Go-ty'to, or -tyt'to 


Gre'te-us 


Grus-tu-mi'num 


Cy'das 


Cyn'tbi-us 


Gra'gus 


Gre'tbe-is 


Grus-tu'nii-um 


Cyd'i-as 


Cyn-u-ren'ses 


Gram-bu'sa 


Gre'tbe-us 


Gry'nis 


Cyd'i-mos 


Cy'nus 


Gram'bu-tis 


Gre-tbi'des 


Gryp-te'a 


Cy-dip'pe 


Cyp-a-ris'sa 


Gran'a-e 


Gre'tbon 


Cte'a-tus 


Cy'don 


Cyp-a-ris'si-a 


Gran'a-i 


Gretb'o-na 


Ctem'e-De 


Cyd-o-ne'a 


Cyp-a-ris'sus 


Gran'a-pes 


Gret/i-ens 


Cte'nos 


Cy-do^es 


C'ypli'a-ra 


Gran'a-us 


Gre-u'sa 


Cte'si-as 


Cyd-o-ne'us 


Cyp-ri-a'nus 


Gra'ne 


Gre-u'sis 


Cte-sib'i-us 


Cy-do'ni-a 


Cy'prus 


Gra-ne'a 


Gri'a-sus 


Ctes'i-eles 


Cy-do'iii-us 


Cyp-sela 


Gra-ne'um 


Gri-nip'pus 


Cte-sil'o-cbus 


Cyd'ra-ra 


Cyp-seVi-des 


Gra'ni-i 


Gri'nis 


Ctes'i-pbon 


Cy-drelus 


Cyp'se-lus 


Gra'non 


Gri-ni'sus, or 


Cte-sip'pus 


Cyd-ro-la'us 


Cy-rau'nis 


Grap'a-thus 


-mi'sus 


Ctim'e-ne 


Cyl'a-bus 


Cy're 


Gras'si-pes 


Gri'no 


Gu'eu-fas 


Cyl-bi-a / ni 


Cyr-e-na'i-ea 


Gras-sit'i-us 


Gri-o'a 


Gu'la-ro 


Cyl'i-ces 


Cyr-e-na'i-ci 


Gras'ti-nus ' 


Gri'son 


Gu'ma, or -mae 


Cy-lin'dus 


Cy-re'ne 


Grat'a-is 


Gris-pi'nus, -na 


Gu-nax'a 


Cyl-labVris 


Cy-res'cba-ta 


Gra-tse'us 


Grit'a-la 


Gu-ni'na 


Cyl'la-rus 


Cy-ri'a-des 


Gra'ter 


Gri-tbe'is 


Gu-pa'vo 


Cyl-le'ne 


Cy-ril'lus 


Grat/e-rus 


Gri-tbo'te 


Gu-pen'tus 


Cyl-le-ne'i-us 


Cy-ri'nus 


■Gra'tes 


Grit'i-as 


Gu-pi'do 


Cyl-lyr'i-i 


Cy-ro-pa?-di / a 


Grat-es-i-ele'a 


Gri'to 


Gu-pi-en'ni-us 


Cy'lon 


Cyr-ra-'i 


Grat-e-sip'o-lis 


Grit-o-bulus 


Gu'res 


Cyl-o-ni'um 


Cyr'rba-daa 


Grat-e-sip'pi-das 


Grit-o-de/mus 


Gu-re'tes 


Cy'iaa, or -mae 


Cyr-rhes'ti-ea 


Gra'te-us 


Grit-og-na'tus 


Gu-re'tis 


Cy-me'lus 


Cyi--ri-a / na 


Gra-te'vas 


Grit-o-la'us 


Gu'ri-a 


Cyrn'l-rius 


Cy-rop'o-lis 


Gra'this 


Gri'us 


Gu-ri-a'ti-i 


Cy-mod'o-ce 


Cyr'si-lus 


Gra-ti'nus 


Gro-bi'a-lus 


Gu'ri-o 


Cy-mod-o-ce / a 


Cyr-to'na 


Gra-tip'pus 


Grob'y-zi 


Gu-ri-o-sol'i-tae 


Cy'me, or Cy'mo 


Cv'rus 


Grat/y-lus 


Groc'a-le 


Gu'ri-uni 


Cy-molus 


Cy'ta 


Grau'si-ae 


Gro'ce-ae 


Gu'ri-us 


Cym-o-po-li'a 


Cy-tre'is 


Grau'sis 


Groe-o-dilon 


Gur-tiiaus 


Cy-motb'o-e 


Cy-tbe'ra 


Gra-ux'i-das 


Gro€-o-di-lop'o-lis 


Gur'ti-us, -a 


Cyn-.Ts-gi'rus 
Cy-nas'thi-um 


Cytb-e-ras'a, or 


Grem'e-ra 


Gro'eus 


Gus-saa'i 


-re'a 


Grem'i-des 


Groc-y-le'a 


Gu'sus 


Cy-na'ne 


Cy-tbeMs 


Gro'my-on 


Grce'sus 


Gu-til'i-um 


Cy-na'pes 


Cy-the're-ns 


Grem'my-on 


Gro-i'tes 


Cy-am-o-so'ras 


Cyn'a-ra 


Cy-tbe'ron 


Gre-mo'ha 


Gro'mi 


Cy'a-ne 


Cy-nax'a 


Cy-tbe'rim 


Gre-mu'ti-us 


Gro-mi'tis 


Cy-a'ne-aa 


Cyn'e-as 


Cytb'e-rus 


Gre-na'cus 


Gro'mus 


Cy-a'ne-e, or -a 


Cy-neg'e-tae 


Cy-tin / e-um 


Gre'on 


Gro'ni-a 


Cy-a'ne-us 


Cyn-e-gi'rus 


Cyt-is-sc'rus 


Gre-on-ti'a-des 


Gron'i-des 


Cy-a-nip'pe 


Cy-ne'si-i 


Cy-to'ri-us 


Gre-opb/i-lus 


Gro'ni-um 


CA''-a-nip / pus 


Cyn-e-te / a 


Cy-to'rus 


Gre-o-phy'lus 


Gro'phi 


Cvb'a-le 


Cyn-e-tbus'sa 


Cyz-i-ce'ni 


Gre-o-po'lus 


Gros-sae'a 


Cy-be/be 


Cyn'i-a 


Cyz'i-eum 


Gre-pe'ri-us 


Grot'a-le 


Cy-be^a 


Cyn'i-eus 


Cyz'i-^us 


DA'JE, or -haa 


Da-i'ra 


Da-mas'tes 


Da-mox'e-nus 


Dar'da-ni 


;Da r ci, or -cae 


Dal'di-a 


Dam'a-sus 


Da-myr^-as 


Dar-da'ni-a 


'Da'ci-a 


Dal'ma-tae 


Da'me-as 


Da'na 


Dar-dan'i-des 


Da'ci-us 


Dal-ma'ti-a 


Da'mi-a 


Dan'a-e 


Da^da-nis 


Dae'ty-li 


Dal-ma'ti-us 


Da-mip'pus 


Dan'a-i 


Dar'da-nus 


Dad'i-cae 


Dal'mi-um 


Da'mis 


Da-na'i-des 


Da-re'i-um 


Da-du'chus 


Dam-a-ge'tus 


Dam-no'ni-i 


Dan'a-la 


Da'res 


Daed'a-la 


Dam'a-lis 


Dam'no-rix 


Dan'a-us 


Da-re 'tis 


Daed-a-le'a 


Da-ma r'e-tus 


Da'mo 


Dan'da-ri, or 


Da-ri'a 


Dae-da'li-on 


Da'mas 


Darn'o-eles 


Dan-dar'i-daj 


Da-ri'a-ves 


Daed'a-lus 


Dam-as-ce'na, or 


Da-moc'ra-tes 


Da-nu'bi-us 


Da-ri'taa 


Dae'mon 


-ne 


Ba-moc'ri-tus, -ta 


Da'o-cbus 


Da-ri'us. or -re'ua 


Daem/o-num 


Da-mas'ci-us 


Da-mom / e-les 


Da'o-nes 


Das-cy-le'um 


Da'i 


Da-mas'eus 


Da'mon 


Dapb-nip'us 


Das-cy-li'tis 


Da'i-eles 


Da-ma'si-a 


Dam-o-ni'ens 


Daph-ne-pho'ii-a 


Das'cy-lus 


Da'i-des 


Dam-a-sie'tbon 


Dam-o-phan'tus 


Dai -/ a-ba 


Da'se-a 


Da-im'a-cbus 


Dam-a-sip'pus 


Da-moph'i-lus, -la 


Dar'a-bes 


Da'si-us 


Da-im'e-nes 


Dam-a-sis'tra-tus 


Dam'o-phon 


Par-an-ta'si-a 


Das-sar'e-ta?, or 


Da'i-pbron 


Dain-a-si'ton 


Da-mos'tra-tus 


Da'raps 


Das-sa-ri'taa 



530 DE 


DI 


DI 


DO 


DY 


Das-sa-re'ni, or 


De-moe'ri-tus 


Di'do 


Di'rae 


Do-rys'sus 
Do-si'a-das, -des 


Das-sa-rit'i-i 


De-mod'i-ce 


Did'y-ma, -me 


Dir-cen / na 


Dat'a-rnes 


De-mod'o-eus 


Did-y-mse'us 


Dir-pby'i-a 


Do-sith / e-us 


Dat-a-pher'nes 


Dem-o-do'rus 


Did-y-ma'on 


Dis-eor'di-a 


Do-se'nus 


Da'tis 


De-mo'le-on 


Did'y-mum 


Dis'eo-rum 


Do'son 


Ba'tos, or -ton 


De-mo'le-us 


Did'y-mus 


Dis'o-rte 


Dot'a-das 


Dau'lis 


De'mon 


Di-en'e-ces 


Dith-y-ram'bus 


Do'to 


Dau'ni 


Dem-o-nas'sa 


Di-es'pi-ter 


Dit-i-o'nes 


Do'tus 


Dau'ni-a 


De-mo'nax 


Di-ge'na 


Dit'ta-ni 


Dox-an r der 


Dau'nus 


Dem-o-ni'ea 


Di-gen'ti-a 


Di'um 


Dra-ea'nus 


Dau'ri-fer, or -ses 


Dem-o-phan'tus 


Di-ge'ri 


Div-i-ti'a-eus 


Drae'a-nus 


Dav'a-ra 


De-moph'i-lus 


Di-i-po-li'a 


Di-vo-du'rum 


Dra'eo 


Peb'o-rus 


Dem'o-phon 


Di'i 


Div'o-na 


Dra-eon'ti-des 


Dec-a-du'chi 


De-mopb'o-on 


Di-mas'sus 


Di'vus 


Drac'o-num 


De-cap'o-lis 


De-mop'o-lis 


Di-nar'cbus 


Di-yi'lus 


Dra'ens 


Be-ceb'a-lus 


De'mos 


Din-dy-ine'ne 


Di-ze'rus 


Bra-ho'nus 


Dec-e-le'a 


De-mos'the-nes 


Din'dy-mus, -ma 


Do-be'res 


Dran-gi'na 


Dec-e-li'eum 


De-mos'tra-tus 


Din'i-a 


Do-be'rus 


Dra'pes 


Dec'e-lus 


De-mu'cbus 


Din'i-as 


Doc'i-lis 


Drep'a-na, or -num 


De-cem'vi-ri 


Dem'y-lus 


Din'i-che 


Doc-i-me'iim 


Drim'a-chus 


De-ce'ti-a 


Den-se-le'tse 


Di-nocb'a-res 


Doc'i-mus 


Dri-od r o-nes 


De-ei-a'tum 


De-od'a-tus 


Di-noe'ra-tes 


Do'ele-a 


Dri-op'i-des 


De-cid'i-us 


De-o'is 


Di-nod'o-chus 


Do-do'na 


Dn'os 


Dec'i-mus 


Der-bi'ces 


Din-o-ge-ti'a 


Dod-o-nai'us 


Dro'i 


De-cin / e-u8 


Der-ce'bi-i 


Di-noFo-chus 


Do-do'ne 


Dro-macb'e-tus 


De'ci-us 


Der-cen'nus 


Di-nom'e-nes 


Do-don'i-des 


Dro-mse'us 


Dee'u-ma 


Der'ce-to, or -tis 


Di'non 


Do'i-i 


Drop^i-ci 
Dro r pi-on 


Dee-u-ma'tes 


Der-cyl'li-das 


Di-nos'the-nes 


Dol-a-beHa 


Pe-eu'ri-o 


Der-cyl'lus 


Di-nos'tra-tus 


Dol-i-cha'on 


Dru-eri'ti-us, or -a 


Ded-i-tam'e-nes 


Der'cy-los 


Di-o-ca?s-a-re / a 


Dol'i-chos, -cbe 


Dru'i-dse 


De-ie'o-on 


Der'cy-nus 


Di-o-ele'a 


Do-li'ort 


Dru-sil'la 


De-id-a-mi'a 


Der-sfe'i 


Di'o-eles 


Do-li'o-nes 


Dru'so 


Pe-il'o-chus 


Der-tbo'na 


Di-o-ele-ti-a'nus 


Do-li'o-nis 


Dru'sus 


De-im'a-cbus 


De-ru-si-ae'i 


Di-o-do'rus 


Do'li-us 


DryVdes 


De-i'o-ces 


Des'po-ta 


Di-o'e-tas 


Dol-o-me'na, -ne 


Dry-an-ti'a-des 


De-i'o-chus 


De-su'da-ba 


Di-og'e-nes, -ni'a 


Do'lon 


Dry-an-ti'des 


De-i'o-ne 


Deu-ea'li-on 


Di-og'e-nus 


Do-lon'ci 


Dry-mae'a 


De-i-o'ne-us 


Deu-ce'ti-us 


Di-og-ne'tus 


Dol'o-pes 


Dry'mo 


De-i-o-pe'i-a 


Deu'do-rix 


Di-o-me'a 


Do-lo'pbi-on 


Dry-mo'des 


Pe-iph'i-la 


Deu-ri'o-pus 


Di-om-e-de'a 


Do-lc'pi-a 


Dry'mus 


De-iph'o-bus, -be 


Dev'o-na 


Di-o-me'des, -da 


Dol-o-p^on 


Dry-n£em / e-tum 


De'i-phon 


Dex-am'e-nus, -ne 


Di-o-me'don 


Do'lops 


Dry'o-pe 


De-i-pbon'tes 


Dex-ip'pus 


Di-o'mus 


Dom-i-du / €US, -ca 


Dry-o-pe'i-a 


De-ip'y-lus, -le 


Dex-itb'e-a 


Di'on 


Do-min'i-ea 


Dry'o-pes 


De-ip'y-rus 


Dex'i-us 


Di-o-nse'a 


Do-mit-i-a'nus 


Dry'o-pis, or 


Dej-a-ni'ra 


Di'a 


Di-o'ne 


Do-mi-til'la 


-op'i-da 


Dej'o-ces 


Di-ae-o-pe'na 


Di-on-y-se'us 


Do-mit / i-us, -a 


Dry'ops 


De-jot/a-rus 


Di-a-ere'a 


Di-o-nys'i-a 


Dom-not'i-num 


Dryp'e-tis 


De-li'a-des 


Di'a-eris 


Di-o-riy-si'a-des 


Dom-not'o-nus 


Du'bis 


De'li-um 


Di-ae-tor'i-des 


Di-o-nys'i-as 


Do-na'tus 


Du'bris 


De'li-us, -a 


Di-a-du'me-nus 


Di-o-nys'i-des 


Don-i-la'as 


Du-ce'ti-us 


Del-ma'ti-us 


Di-a-du-me-ni-a' 


Di-o-nys-i-o-do'rus 


Do-nu'ea 


Du-iFli-us, -a 


Del-min'i-um 


BUS 


Di-o-nys'i-on 


Do-ny'sa 


Du-lich'i-um 


Delos 


Di-se'us 


Di-o-ny-sip'o-lis 


Do-rae'te 


Du-lop'o-lis 


Del'phi-eus 


Di'a-gon, or -gum 


Di-o-nys'i-us 


Dor-ce'a 


Dum'no-rix 


Del-phin'i-a 


Di-a-pron'das 


Di-o-ny / sus 


Do'res 


Du'nax 


Del-pbin'i-um 


Di-ag'o-ras 
Di-alis 


Di-opli'a-nes 


Do'ri 


Du'ra-nus 


Del-pby'ne 


Di-o-phan'tus 


Dor'i-ens, -a 


Du-ra'ti-us 


Del-to'fon 


Di-allus 


Di-o-pse'nus 


Dor'i-das 


Du'ra-to 


Dem'a-des 


Di-a-mas-ti-go'sis 


Di-o-pi'tes, or -thes 


Do-ri-en'ses 


Du'ri-us 


De-msen'e-tus 


Di-a'na 


Di-op'o-lis 


Do-ri-e'us 


Du-ro-eor'to-rum 


De-mag'o-ras 


Di-an'a-sa 


Di-o'res 


Dor'i-las 


Du-ro'ni-a 


Dem-a-ra'tus, -te 


Di-a'ni-um 


Di-o-rye'tus 


Dor-i-la'us 


Du-uro'vi-ri 


De-mar'cbus 


Di-apb'a-nes 


Di-o-seor'i-des 


Do'i-i-on 


Dy-a-gon'das 


Dem-a-re'ta 


Di-a'si-a 


Di-os'eo-rus 


Do'ris 


Dy-ar-den'sea 


Dem-a-ris'te 


Dib'i-o 


Di-os-eu'ri 


Do-ris'eus 


Dy'mag 


De-ma'tri-a 


Di-cae'a 


Di-os'pa-ge 


Do'ri-um 


Dy-muel 


De'me-a 


Di-cse-ar-che'us 


Di-os'po-lis 


Do'ri-us 


Dy'mas 


De-me'ter 


Di-cse-ar-cbi'a 


Di-o-ti'mus, -me 


Do-ros'to-lum 


Dy-nam / e-ne 


De-me'tri-a 


Di-cae'us 


Di-ot're-phes 


Do-ros'to-rum 


Dy-nas'te 


De-me'tri-as 


Di'ce 


Di-ox-ip-'pus, -pe 


Dor-sen'nus 


Dy'ras 


Pe-me'tri-us 


Dic-e-ar'cbus 


Di-pse'se 


Do'rus 


Dy-ras'pes 


De'mo 


Di-ce'ne-us 


Diph'i-lus, -las 


Do-ry'a-sus 


Dy'ris 


Dem-o-a-nas'sa 


Die'o-mas 


Di-pbor'i-das 


Dor-y-lae'um, or 


Dy-ra'chi-um 


Dem-o-ce'des 


Die-tam'num 


Dipb'ry-ges 


-us 


Dy-sau'les 


De-mocb / a-res 


Di€-ta'tor 


Di-pce'rise 


Dor'y-las 


Dys-ci-ne'tus 


Dern'o-eles 


Die-tid-i-en'ses 


Dip'o-lis 


Dor-y-la'us 


Dy-so'rum 


De-moe'o-on 


Die-tyn'na 


Dip'y-lum 


Do-rypb'o-ri 


Dys-pon'ti-i 


De-moe'ra-tes 


Did'i-ua 













EL 


EM 


EP 

E. 


ER 


EU 537 




E'A-NES 


El-a-phe-boli-a 


Em-pu'sa 


i Ep-i-gra'ne-a 


E-rin'des 




E-a'nus 


El-a-pbi-a/a 


Em-pyr'i-um 


j E-pi'i, or -pe'l 


E-riii'e-os 




E-ar'i-nus 


El'a-pbus 


E-mi'b'i-uius 


1 E-pil'a-ris 


E-rin'na 




E-a'si-uin 


El-ap-to'ni-us 


En-cel'a-dus 


Ep-i-mel'i-des 


E-rin'nys 




Eb'do-me 


E-la'ra 


En-chele-ai 


E-pim'e-nes 


E-ri'o-pis 




Eb'o-da 


El-a-te'a 


En'de-is 


Ep-i-men'i-des 


E-riph'a-nis 




E'bon 


El'a-tus 


En-de'ra 


Ep-i-me'tbe-us 


E-riph'i-das 




Eb'o-ra 


E-la'ver 


En-de'rum 


Ep-i-me'tbis 


Er-i-pby'le 




Eb'o-rum 


E'le-a 


En-dym'i-on 


E-pi'o-cbus 


E'ris 




Eb-ro-i'ces 


E-le-a'tes 


En-gon'a-sis 


E-pi'o-ne 


Er-i-sicb'tbon 




E-bo/dae 


E-lee'tra 


En-gy'um 


E-pipb'a-ries 


Er'i-tbus 




Eb'u-ra, -ro 


E-lee'trae 


E-ni-en'ses 


Ep-i-pba'ni-us 


E-rix'o 




Eb-u-ro'nes 


E-lee'tri-des 


E-ni-o'pe-us 


E-pip'o-lui 


E-ro'cbus 




Eb-u-ro-vi'ees 


E-lee'try-on 


E-nip'e-us 


E-pi'rus 


E-ro'pus 




Eb'u-sus 


El-e-gi'a 


E-nis'pe 


E-pis-co-pi'um 


E'ros 




Ee-a-me'da 


E-le'i 


En'ni-a 


E-pis'tro-pbus 


E-ros'tra-tus 




Ee-bat/a-na 


El-e-le'us 


En'ni-us 


E-pit'a-des 


E-ro'ti-a 




Ec-e-cbir'i-a 


E'le-on 


En'no-mus 


Ep-i-tbe'ras 


Er-ru'€a 




E-ce'tra 


E-le-on'tmn 


En-nos-i-gse'us 


Ep'i-tos 


Er'xi-as 




E-che'ie 


El-e-pban'ti-ne 


En'o-pe 


E'pi-um 


E-ry'a-lus 




E-cbee'ra-tes 


El-e-phan'tis 


E'nops 


Ep'o-na 


E-ryb'i-um 




Ecb'e-dae 


El-e-pbaa-topb'a- 


E'nos 


E-pon'y-mus 


Er-y-ci'na 




Ecb-e-da-mi / a 


gi 


En-o-sic'tbon 


E-po'pe 


Er-y-man'tbis 




E-chel'a-tus 


El-e-pban-to-tbe / - 


E-not-o-cce'tae 


E-po'pe-us 


Er-y-man'tbus 




E-chel'ta 


rie 


En-tella 


Ep-o-red'o-ris 


Er'y-mas 




Ecb'e-lus 


El-e-phe'nor 


En-tel'lus 


Ep'u-lo 


E-rym'na 




E-chem'bro-tus 


El-e-po'rus 


E-ny-a'li-us 


E-pyt'i-des 


E-rym'ne-us 




E-cbe'roon 


El-eu-cbi'a 


E-ny'o 


Ep'y-tus 


Er'y-mus 




Eck'e-ruus 


E'le-us 


E'o-ne 


Eq-ua-jus'ta 


Er-ys-tbe'a 




Eck-e-nc'us 


El-eu-sin'i-a 


E'os 


E-quie'o-lus 


Er-y-tbe'a 




Ech'e-pbron 


El-eu-si'nus 


E-o'us 


E-quii -/ i-a 


Er-y-tbi'a 




E-chep'o-lis 


E-leu'sis 


E-pa-n'e-tus 


Eq-uo-tu'ti-eum 


Er-y-thi'ni 




Ech-e-po'lus 


E-leu'tber 


E-pa'gris 


Er'a-€on 


Er-y-tbiTi'um 




E-cbes'tra-tus 


E-leu'tbe-ras 


E-pam-i-non / das 


E-ras'a 


Er'y-tbra 




Ech'e-tla 


El-eu-tbe'ri-a 


Ep-an-te'li-i 


Er-a-si'nus 


E-rvtb-ra-bo'lus 




Ecb'e-tra 


E-leu-tber-o-cil'i- 


E-papb-ro-di'tus 


Er-a-sip'pus 


Er'y-thrae 




Ecb'e-tus 


ces 


Ep'a-pbus 


Er-a-sis'tra-tus 


Er'y-tbras 




E-cbev-e-then'ses 


E-leu-tbe-ro-la-eo'- 


Ep-as-nac'tus 


Er'a-to 


E-rytb'ri-on 




E-chid'na 


nes 


E-peb'o-lus 


Er-a-tos'the-nes 


E-rytb'ros 




Ech-i-do'rus 


E-leu'the-rus 


E-pe'i 


Er-a-tos'tra-tus 


E'rys 




E-cbin'a-des 


E-leu'tho 


Ep-e-tri'mi 


E-ra'tus 


E-ryx'o 




E-chi'non 


E-lic'i-us 


E-pe'us 


Er-bes'sus 


E-ser'nus 




E-chi'nas 


E-li-ea'sis, or 


E-pbeTn 


Er-cbi'a 


Es-quil'i-aB 




Ecb-i-nus'sa 


E-li'a-ea 


Epb'e-sus 


Er'e-bus 


Es-qui-li'nus 




E-chi'on 


El-i-me'a 


Epb'e-tae 


Er-ecb-the'um 


Es-sed'o-nes 




E-cbi-on'i-des 


El-i-pba'si-i 


E-pbi-al'tes 


E-recb'tbe-us 


Es'su-i 




E-cbi-o'ni-us 


Elis 


Epb'o-ri 


Er-ecb-ti'dae 


Es-ti-ae-o'tis 




E'chi-us 


E-li'sa 


Epb'o-rus 


E-rein'bi 


Es-ti-ai'a 




E'cbo 


E-lis'sa 


Epb'ra-ta 


E-re'mus 


Es'u-la 




Ec'no-mus % 


E-lis'sus 


Epb'y-ra, -e 


Er-e-ne'a 


Et-e-ar'cbus 




E-des'sa, or 


E-lo'ne 


Ep-i-ea'rus 


E-res'sa 


E-te'o-eles 




E-de'sa 


El-lo'pi-a 


Ep-i-eas'te 


E-re'sus, or 


E-te'o-elus 




E-dis'sa 


E-lo'rus 


Ep-i-cer'i-des 


Er'e-sus 


Et-e-o-ere'toa 




E'don 


E'los 


Ep-i-cba'i-des 


E-re'tri-a 


E-te'o-nes 




E-do'ni 


El-pe'nor 


E-picb'a-ris 


E-re'tum 


E-te-o'ne-us 




E-du'sa 


El-pi-ni'ce 


Ep-i-cbar'mus 


Er-eu-tbali-on 


E-te-o-ni r €U3 




E-dyl'i-us 


El-u-i'na 


Ep'i-eles 


Er'ga-ne 


E-te-o'nus 




E-e'ti-on 


El'y-ces 


Ep-i-eli'des 


Er-gan'i-ca 


E-te'si-a? 




E-gale-os 


El-y-ma'is 


Ep-ie-ne-mid'i-i 


Er-gen'na 


E-tba'li-on 




E-gel'i-dus 


El'y-mi 


E-pie'ra-tes 


Er'gi-as 


E-tbele-um 




E-ge'ri-a 


El'y-mus 


Ep-i-ere'ne 


Er-gi'nus 


E-tbelus 




E-ges-a-re'tus 


El'y-rus 


Ep-ie-te'tus 


Er-gin'nus 


E-tbe'mon 




Eg-e-si'nus 


El'y-sa 


Ep-i-€u-re'i 


Er-i-bos'a 


Etb'o-da 




E-ges'ta 


E-lys'i-um 


Ep-i-eu'rus 


Er-i-bo'tes 


E'ti-as 




E-ge'ta 


E-ma'thi-a 


E-pic'y-des 


Er-i-ea'tes 


E'tis 




Eg-na'ti-us, -a 


E-ma'thi-on 


Ep-i-cy-di'des 


Er-i-ce'a 


E-tru'ri-a 




E-i'on 


Em'ba-tum 


Ep-i-dam-ne'os 


Er-i-cc'tes 


E-trus'ci 




E-i'o-nes 


Em-bo-li'ma 


Ep-i-dam'nus 


E-rich'tbo 


Et r y-lus 




E-i-o'ne-us 


E-mer'i-ta 


Ep-i-dapb'ne 


Er-ich-tbo'ni-us 


Eu'ba-ges 




E-i-ze'lus 


E-mes'sa, or 


E-pi-dau'ri-a 


Er-i-cin'i-um 


Eu-ba'tas 




El-a-bon'tas 


-mis'sa 


Ep-i-dau'rus 


Er-i-eu'sa 


Eu'bi-us 




E-lae'a 


E-nio'da. or -dus 


E-pid'i-um 


E-rid'a-nus 


Eu-bce'a 




E-lae'us 


Em-ped'o-€les 


E-pid'i-us 


Er-ig-du'pus 


Eu-bo'i-€US 




E-be-u-ti'cbus 


Em'pe-dus 


Ep-i-do'tes 


E-rig'o-ne 


Eu^bo-tes 




El-a-srab'a-lus 


Em-pe-ra'mus 


E-pig'e-nes 


E-rig-o-ne'i-us 


Eu-bu'li-des 




E-la'is 


Em-po'elus 


E-pig'e-us 


E-rig'o-nus 


Eu-bulus 




El-a-i'tes 


Em-po'ri-a 


E-pig'o-ni 


Er-i-gy'us 


Eu-ce'rus 




E-la'i-us 


Ern-po'ri-iS 


E-pig'o-nus 


E-ril'lus 


Eu-cbe r nor 




L 





538 G,E 



GA 



GA 



GA 



GA 



Eu'cbi-des 

Eu-eli'des 
Eu'elus 
Eu'era-tes, -te 
Eu'eri-tus 
Eue-te'mon 
Eue-tre'si-i 
Eu-dae'mon 
Eu-dam'i-das 
Eu-dai'mua 
Eu-de'mua 
Eu-do'ci-a 
Eu-doc'i-mua 
Eu-do'rus, -ra 
Eu-dox'us, -a 
Eu-el-ge' 
Eu-e-mer'i-daa 
Eu-es'pe-ria 
Eu-ga'ne-i 
Eu-ge'ni-um 
Eu-ge'ni-ua, -a 
Eu'ge-on 
Eu-gi'a 
Eu-hetn'e-rus 
Eu'hy-dra 
Eu'by-drum 
Eu'hy-us 
Eu-lim'e-ne 
Eu-ma'cbi-ua 
Eu-mit'us 
Eu-ma'ras 
Eu-me'ces 
Eu-me'des 
Eu-me'lis 
Eu'me-nes 
Eu-me'ni-a 
(a woman) 



Eu-me-ni'a (a city) 

Eu-men / i-des 

Eu-me-nid / i-a 

Eu-me'ni-ua 

Eu-moFpi-dae 

Eu-moFpus, -e 

Eu-mon'i-des 

Eu'ne-oa 

Eu-nae'ua 

Eu-na'pi-us 

Eu-nFce 

Eu-no'mi-a 

Eu'no-inua 

Eu-mFchua 

EiFnua 

Eu'o-dua 

Eu-on'y-moa 

EiFo-raa 

Eu-pa'gi-um 

Eu-paFa-mon 

Eu-paFa-mua 

EiFpa-tor 

Eu-pa-to'ri-a 

Eu-pat'o-ria 

Eu-peFthes 

EiFpba-es 

Eu-pban'tua 

Eu-pbe'mua, -me 

Eu-phor'bua 

Eu-pho'ri-on 

Eu-pbra'nor 

Eu-phra'tes 

EiFpbron 

Eu-phros'y-ne 

Eu-pFthes 

Eu-pl<E / a, or -plce'a 

Eu'po-lia 



Eu-po'lus 

Eu-pom'pus 

Eu-ri-a-nas v sa 

Eu-rip'i-des 

Eu-rFpua 

Eu-ro-aq^ii-lo 

Eu-roe'ly-don 

Eu-ro'mua 

Eu-roiFo-tii8 

Eu-ro'pa 

Eu-ro-pae'ua 

Eu'ropa 

Eu-ro'pua 

Eu-ro'taa 

Eu-ro'to 

Eu-ro / us 

Eu'rua 

Eu-ry'a-lua, -le 

Eu-ryb'a-tes 

Eu-ryb'i-a 

Eu-ry-bFa-des 

Eu-ryb'i-ua 

Eu-ryb'd-tua 

Eu-ry-cle'a 

EiFry-eles 

Eu-ry-€lFdes 

Eu-rye'ra-tes 

Eu-ry-erat'i-daa 

Eu-ryd'a-inas, -me 

Eu-ry-danFi-daa 

Eu-ryd'i-ce 

Eu-ry-elua 

Eu-ry-ga'ni-a 

Eu-ryFe-on 

Eu-ryFo-cbua 

Eu-rym'a-cbua 

Eu-rym'e-de 



Eu-rynFe-don 
Eu-rym'e-nes 
Eu-ryiFo-mus, -me 
Eu-ry'o-ne 
Eu'ry-pon 
Eu-ry-poiFti-dae 
Eu-ryp'y-lua, -le 
Eu-rys'tbe-nes 
Eu-rys-tbeiFi-dae 
Eu-rys'tbe-ua 
Eu'ry-te 
Eu-ryt'e-se 
Eu-ryt'e-le 
Eu-ry-tbe'mia 
Eu-ryth'i-on, 
Eu-ryt'i-on 
EiFry-tia 
EiFry-tu8 
Eu'se-bes ' 
Eu-se-bFa (a city) 
Eu-se'bi-us, -a 
Eu-sem'a-ta 
EiFse-pua 
Eu-sta'tbi-ua 
Eu-sto'li-a 
Eu-tae'a 
Eu-teFi-daa 
Eu-ter'pe 
Eu-thali-a 
Eu-tha'li-ua 
Eu-the'nae 
Eu-tbyc'ra-tes 
Eu-tby-de'mua 
Eu-tby'mua 
Eu-tbyn'o-ua 
Eu-trap'e-lua 



Eu tresis 

Eu-tro'pi-ua 

EiFty-cbes 

Eu-tydFi-des, ■ 

EiFty-chua 

Eux-aiFtbi-ua 

Eux'e-ims 

Eux-yiFthe-tua 

Eux-Fnua 

Eux-ip'pe 

E-vad'ne 

Ev'a-ges 

Ev'a-gon 

E-vag'o-raa, -re 

E'van 

E-van'der 

E-van'ge-lus 

Ev-an-gor'i-des 

E-vaiFthes 

E-var'chua 

E'vaa 

E'vax 

E-veFthon 

E-A'em'e-rus 

E-ve'nor 

E-ve'nua 

Ev-e-phe'nus 

Ev'e-res 

E-ver'ge-tae 

E-ver'ge-tes 

Ev-es-per'i-dea 

E-vip'pus, -pe 

Ex-a'di-us 

Ex-se'thes 

Ex-ag'o-nus 

Ex-onFa-tae 



de 



F. 



FA-BA'KI-A 

Fab'a-ria 

Fa-bi-a'ni 

Fa'bi-ua, -a, -i 

Fab-ra-te'ri-a 

Fa-bric'i-us 

Fa-buFla 

Fac-e-lFna 

Fa'dus 

Faes'u-lae 

Fal-cid'i-a 

Fa-le'ri-a 

Fa-le'ri-i 

Fal-e-rFna 

Fa-ler'nua 

Fa-lis'ci 

Fa-lis'eus 

Fa'ma 

Fan'ni-us, 

Far'fa-rua 

Far'si-na 

Fas'ce-lis 



a,-i 



Fas-ceHi-na 

Fa-tie'a-nus 

Fau-eu'la 

Fau'la 

Fau-nali-a 

Fau'nus, -a 

Fau-sti'nus, -a 

Faus'ti-tas 

Faus'tu-lus 

Fa-ven'ti-a 

Fa-ve'ri-a 

Fa'vo 

Fav-o-ri'nua 

Feb'ru-a 

Fe-ci-a'les 

Fel'gi-nas 

Fe-lic'i-tas 

Fel'si-na 

Fen-es-tella 

Fe-ra'li-a 

Fer-en-ti / num 

Fe-ren'tum, or Fo- 



Fe-re'tri-us 

Fe-ro'ni-a 

Fes-cen'm-a 

Fes-cen-ni'iius 

Fes'^u-la? 

Fi-bre'nus 

Fi-€uFne-a 

Fi-de'na, or -na 

Fid-e-na'tes 

Fi-den'ti-a 

Fid-en-ti'nus 

Fi'des 

Fi-die-'u-las 

Fim'bri-a 

Fir'mi-us 

Fis-cel'lus * 

Fla-celli-a 

Fla-cil'la 

Flam'i-nes 

Fla-min'i-us, -a 

Flam-i-ni'nus 

Fla-vi-a^um 



Fla-vi'na 

Fla-vin'i-a 

Fla-vi-ob^i-ga 

Fla'vi-us, -a 

Fla-vo'na 

Flo-ra'li-a 

Flo-ra'lis 

Flo-ren'ti-a 

Flo-ri-a / nu3 

Flo'rus, -a 

Flu-o'ni-a 

Foli-a 

Fon-ta'nus 

Fon-te'i-us, -a 

For'mi-se 

For-mi-a / num 

For-tu'ria 

Foi-'u-li 

Fo'rum Ap'pi-i 

Fre-geWa 

Fre-ge'naa 

Fren-ta'ni 



Frig'i-dus 

Fris'i-i 

Fron-ti'nua 

Fru'si-no 

Fu'ci-rius 

Fu-fid'i-us 

Fu'fi-us 

Fu-ga'li-a 

Ful-gi-na'tes 

Ful-gi'nns 

Ful'li-num 

FuFvi-us, -a 

Fun-da'nus 

Fun'di 

Fu'ri-33 

Fn-ri'na 

Fu-ri'noa 

Fu'ri-us, -a, -i 

Fur'ni-us 

Fus'cus 

Fus-ci^a 

Fu'si-us, -a 



G. 



GAB'A-LES 

Gab'a-lus 

Gab'a-rus 

Gab^-za 

Ga-be'ne 

Ga-bi-e-'ne 

Ga-bi-e^us 

Ga'bi-i 

Ga-bi'na 

Ga-bin-i-a'nias 

Ga-bin'i-us, -a 

Gad'a-ra 

Gardes, Ga-di'ra 

Gad-i-ta-'nus 



Gsa-sa'tse 

Gae-tu'li 

Gaj-tu'li-a 

Gas-tu^i-eus 

Ga-la'bri-i 

Gal-ae-topb'a-gi 

Ga-he^us 

Ga-lan'this 

Gal'a-ta 

Gal'a-tse 

Gal-a-tae'a, 

Ga-la'ti-a 

Ga-lax'i-a 

Gal/bu-la 



thas'a 



Ga-le'nus 

Ga-le'o-laa 

Ga-le-o'taa 

Ga-le'ri-us, -a 

Ga-le'sus 

Gal-i-lae'a 

Ga-lin-tbi-a'di-a 

GaHi-a 

Gal-li-ca'nus 

Gal-lic'l-nus 

GaFli-eus 

Gal-ii-e'nus 

Gal-li-na'ri-a 

Gal-lip'o-lis 



Gal-li'ta 

Gal-lo-gra^ci-a 

Gal-lo'ni-us 

Ga-max'us 

Gam-bre'um 

Ga-me'li-a 

Gan-da-ri'tae 

Gan'ga-ma 

Gan-gar'i-dae 

Gan-gar'i-des 

Gan-ge'tis 

Gan-nas'eus 

Gan-y-me'des, - 

Ga-raifi-eum 



Gar-a-man'tes 

Gar-a-man'tia 

Gar'a-mas 

Gar'a-tas 

Ga-re'a-tae 

Ga-re-at^y-ra 

Gar-ga'nus 

Gar-ga'phi-a 

Gar-gar'i-das 

Gar'ga-ris 

Gar'ga-rus, -a 

Gar-get'tua 

Gar-git^i-us 

Ga-riFi-ua 



HA. 

Ga-ri'tes 

Ga-ruin'na 

Ga'the-a± 

Ga-tbe'a-tas 

Gau-ga-me / la 

Gau'his, or -le-on 

Gau-ra'nus 

Gau'rus 

Ga'us. or Ga'os 

Ga-zo'rus 

Ge-ben'na 

Ge-dro'si 

Ge-dro'si-a 

Ge-ga'ni-i 

Ge'la 

Ge-la'nor 

Gelli-as 

Gelli-us, -a 

Ge'lo, or -Ion 

Ge-lo'i 

Ge-lo'ni 

Gelos 

Ge-min'i-us 

Gern'i-nus, -a, -i 

Ge-mi'nus (the 

. astrologer) 

Ge-na'bum 

Ge-nau'ni 

Ge-ne'tes 

Ge-ne'va, -na'va 

Ge-ni'sus 

Ge'ni-us 

Gen-na'i-des 

Ge-no'ni 

Gen'se-rie 

Gen'ti-us 



HE 

6en'u-a 

Ge-nu'ci-us 

Gen'u-sus 

Ge-nu'ti-a 

Gen'y-sus 

Ge-om'o-ri 

Ge-phy'ra 

Geph-y-rae'i 

Ge-phy'res 

Geph-y-ro'te 

Gep'i-da) 

Ge-rres'tus 

Ger-a-ne'a 

Ge-ra'ni-a 

Ge-ran'thrae 

Ger'a-sa 

Ge-re'a 

Ge-res'ti-eus 

Ger'gi-tthiim 

Ger-go'bi-a 

Ge'ri-on 

Ger-ma'ni-a 

Ger-rnan-i-ci'a 

Ger-man'i-eus 

Ger-ma'ni-i 

Ger-ma'nus 

Ger-on-te'iis 

Ge-ron'thrse 

Ge'rus 

Ge.'ry-on 

. Ge-ry'o-nes 

Ge-sitb'o-us 

Ges'sa-taa 

Ges-so-ri'a-eum 

Ge'ta 

Ge'taj 



HE 

Ge-thos'y-ne 

Geth-sem'a-ni 

Get'i-eus 

Ge-tu'li-a 

Gi-gan'tes 

Gig-an-te'us 

Gi-gar'tum 

Gi'gis 

Gi-go'nus 

Gin-da'nes 

Gin-gu'num 

Gip'pi-us 

Gla-di-a-to'ri-i 

Lu'di 
Glan-do-me'rum 
Gla'nis 
Gla'num 
Glapb/y-re, -ra 
Glaph'y-rus 
Glau'ce 
Glau'ci-a 
Glau-cip'pus, -pe 
Glau'eon 
Glau-eon'o-me 
Glau-eo'pis 
Glau'eus 
Glau'ti-as 
Gli'eon 
Glis'sas 
Glyc'e-ra 
Gly-ce'ri-um 
Gly'eon 
Gna'ti-a 
Gni'dus 
Gnos'si-a 
Gob-a-nit'i-o 



HE 

Go'bar 

Gob'a-res 

Go'bry-as 

Gom'o-ra 

Go-na'tas 

Go-ni'a-des 

Go-nip'pus 

Go-nces'sa 

Go-nus'sa 

Gor-di-a'nus 

Gor-di-e'um 

Gor-di-u-eo'mon 

Gor'di-um 

Gor'di-us 

Gor-di-u-ti'chus 

Gor-ga'sus 

Gor'gi-as 

Gor'go-nes 

Gor-go'ne-us 

Gor-go'ni-a 

Gor-go'ni-us 

Gor-goph'o-ne 

Gor-gopk'o-ra 

Gor-go'pis 

Gor-gyth'i-ou 

Gor'tu-ae 

Gor-ty'na 
Gor-tyn'i-a 
Go-th'o'nes 
Go'tki (P.) 
Gra-di'vus 
Grae'ci 
Grae'ci-a 
GrBe-ci'rms 
Graj-eos'ta-sia 
Grae'eus 



HE 539 

Gra'i-us 

Gra-ju'ge-nae 

Gra-ni'eus 

Gra'ni-us 

Gra-te'aj In'su-lae 

Gra'ti-.c 

Gra-ti-a'nu3 

Gra-tid'i-a 

Gra'ti-on 

Gra'ti-us 

Gra'vi-i 

Gra-vis'caa 

Gra'vi-us 

Gre-go'ri-us 

Gro-ne'a 

Gry-ne'um 

Gry-ne'us 

Gry-ni'mn 

Gy'a-ra . 

Gy'a-rus, Gy'a-ros 

Gy'as 

Gy-giK'us 

Q-y'ge 

Gy'ges, or Gy'es 

Gyl-a-ce'a 

Gy-lip'pus 

G-ym-na'si-a 

Gym-na'si-um 

Gym-ne'si-tb 

Gym-ne'tes 

Gym-no-pai-di'a 

Gym-nos-o-phis'tae 

Gy-nae'ce-as 

Gy-nae-co-thoe'nas 

Gyr-to'na 

Gy-the'ura 



H. 



HA'BIS 

Ha-dri-a-nop'o-lis 
Ha-dri-a'nus 
Ha-dri-at'i-eum 

Had-y-le'um 

Ha^uion 

Hae-mo'iii-a 

Haem'o-nis 

Hae'mus 

Ha'ges 

Hag-nag'a-ra 

Ha-he'sus 

Hal'a-la 

Hal-cy'o-ne 

Ha-len'tum 

Hal'e-sa 

Ha-le'si-us 

Ha-le'sus 

Hali-a 

Ha-li-ae'mon 

Ha-li-se'e-tua 

Ha-li-ar'tiis 

Hal-i-ear-nas'se- 

us 
Hal-i-ear-nas'sus 
Ha-lic'y-ae 
Ha-li'e-is 
Ha-lim'e-de 
Hal-ir-rho'ti-us 
Hal-i-ther'sus 
Ha-li'um 
HaTi-ns 
Hal-i-zo'nes 
Hal-mo'nes 
Hal-my-des'sus 
Hal'my-ris 
Hal-my-ro'tes 
Ha-lo'a 
Ha-loe'ra-tes 
Ha-lo'ne 
Hal-on-ne'sua 
Ha-lo'ti-a 



Ha-lo'tus 

Ha'lus 

Ha-ly-se'tus 

Ha-ly-at'tes 

Ha-ly'eus 

Ha'lys 

Ha-lyz'i-a 

Ham-a-dry'a-des 

Ham-ar-to'lus 

Ha-max'i-a 

Ha-max'i-tus 

Ham-ax-o'bi-i 

Ha-mil'ear 

Ha-mil'lus 

Han'ni-bal 

Har'ea-lo 

Har-ma-te / li-a 

Har'ma-tris 

Har r ma-tus 

Har-men-o-pu'- 

-lus 
Har-mo'di-us 
Har-mo'ni-a 
Har-mon'i-des 
Har-mos'y-ni 
Har'mo-zon 
Har-pa'gi-a 
Har-pag 7 i-des 
Har'pa-gus 
Har-paFi-ce, -y-ce 
Har-pali-on 
Har'pa-lus 
Har-pal / y €u s 
Har'pa-sa 
Har'pa-sus 
Har-poe'ra-tes 
Har-py'i-ae 
Ha-ru'des 
Has-by'te 
Has'dru-bal 
Ha-te'ri-us 
Haus'ta-nes 



He-au-ton-ti-mo- 

ru'me-nos 
Heb'do-le 
Heb'do-me 
He'be 
He-be'sus 
Heb'ri-nus 
He-brom'a-gum 
He-brom'a-nus 
He^rus 
He-bu'des 
Hee'a-le 
Hee-a-le'si-a 
Hee-a-me'de 
Hee-a-tai'us 
Hee'a-te 
Hee-a-te'si-a 
Hee'a-to 

Hee-a-tom-bo'i-a 
Hee-a-tom-pbo'- 

ni-a 
Hee-a-tora'po-lis 
Hee-a-tom'py-los 
Hee-a-ton-ne'si 
Hec-te'naB 
Hee-'u-ba 
Hec'v-ra 
Hed'i-la 
Hed-o-nai'um 
Hed'u-es 
Hed'u-i 
Hed'y-lus 
He-dym'e-les 
He-geFo-cbua 
He-ge'mon 
Heg-e-si'a-nax 
He-ge'si-as 
Heg^e-sil'o-chus 
Heg-e-sin'o-us 
Heg-e-si'mis 
Heg-e-sip'pus 
Heg-e-sip^-le 



Heg-e-sis'tra-tus 

Heg-e-syp'e-le 

Heg-e-toi -/ i-de3 

Hel'e-na 

He-le'ni-a 

Hcl-e-ni'us 

He-le'nor 

ITeFe-nus 

He'le-on 

He-lei^ni Lii'sus 

He'les, or Ha'les 

He'li-a 

He-li'a-des 

He-li-as / ta3 

Hel-i-€a'on 

Hel'i-ce 

Hel'i-eon 

Hel-i-eo-ni'a-des 

Hel-i-eo'nis 

Hel-i-me'na 

Hel'i-mus 

He-li-o-do'rus 

He-li-o-gab'a-lus 

He-li-op'o-lis 

He-lis'son 

He-li'um 

Heli-us 

He-lix'us 

Hcl'la-da 

Hel-lan'i-ens, -ce 

Hel-la-noe'ra-tes 

Hel-la-nod'i-cfe 

Hel-le'nes 

Hel-les-pon'tus 

Hel'lo-pes 

Hel-lo'pi-a 

Hel-lo'ti-a 

He-lo'ria 

He-lo'rus, -rum 
Helos 

He-lo'ta?, -tes 
Heaum 



ITel-ve'ti-a 

Ilel-ve'ti-i 

Ilel-ve'tum 

IleFvi-a 

llel-vid'i-a 

Hel'vi-i 

Hel-vil'lum 

Hc4-vi'na 

Hel'vi-us 

Hel'y-mus 

He-ma'thi-on 

Hem-e-ros-eo-pi r - 

um 
He-mic'y-nes 
He-mith'e-a 
He-mo'dus 
He'mon 
He-mo'na 
He'mus 
Hen'e-ti 
He-ni'o-chi 
He-ni-o-chi'a 
He-phivs'ti-a (a 

city) 
Heph-a^s-tFa (a 

festival) 
He-phies-ti'a-des 
He-pha?s'ti-i 
He-phifs'ti-o 
He-pbies'ti-on 
Hep-ta-pho'nos 
Hep-tap'o-lis 
Hep-tap'o-rus 
Hep-tap'y-los 
Hep-ta-yd'a-ta 
He'ra 
Her-a-ele^ 
Her-a-ele'i-a 
Her'a-eles 
He-rae^le-um 
He-rae-le-o'tes 
Her-a-eli / da3 



540 IA 


IA 


IC 


IC 


ID 


Her-a-eli'des 


Ile-ros'tra-tus 


Ilip-pa-ri'nus 


Ho r di-ns 


Hy-et'tna 


Her-a-eli'tus 


Her-sil'i-a 


Rip-pa'ri-on 


Hol-mi'um 


Hy-ge'a 


Her-a-eli'us 


Her'u-li 


Hip'pa-ris 


Hol'o-cron 


Hy-ge'i-a, -ge'a 


He-rae'a 


Her'u-lus 


Hip'pa-sus 


Hom-e-re'us 


Hy-gi'a-na 


He-rse'um 


He-sae'nus 


Hip'pe-us 


Ho-mer / i-d< r e 


Hy-gi'nus 


Her-be'sus 


He-si'o-dus 


Hip'pi-as 


II om -e-ro-mas'tix 


Hy'la 


Her-bes'sus 


He-si'o-ne 


Hip'pi-us, -a 


Ilo-me'rus 


Hy-lac'i-des 


Her-bi'ta 


He-si'o-nes 


Hip-pob'o-tum, 


Ho-mi / la 1 


Hy-lae'tor 


Her-ce'us 


Hes-pe'ri-a 


-tes 


HonVo-le 


Hy'lae 


Her-eu-la'ne-um 


Hes-pe'ri-des 


Hip-pob'o-tus 


Ho-mo'le-a 


Hy-le'a, -oa'a 


Her'eu-les 


Hes'pe-ris 


Hip-po-cen-tau'ri 


Hom-o-lip'pus 


Hy-lse'us 


Her-eu'le-um 


Hes-per-i'tis 


Hip-po-eo'me 


Hom-o-lo'i-des 


Hylas 


Her-eu'le-us 


Hes'pe-rus 


Hip-poe'o-on 


Ho-mon-a-den'ses 


Hy'lax 


Her-cy'na 


Hes-ti'a 


Hip-po-eo-rys'tes 


Hom-o-ti'mi 


Hyi'i-as 


Her-cyn'i-us, -a 


Hes-ti-a?'a 


Hip-poe'ra-tes, -te 


Ho-no'ri-us 


Hyl-la'i-eus 


Jler-dc'ni-a 


Hes-ti-o'nes 


Hip-po-era'ti-a 


Ho-ple'tes 


Hy-lon'o-me 


Her-do'ni-us 


He'sus 


Hip-po-ere'ne 


Ho'ra 


Hy-lopb'a-gi 


He-ren'ni-us 


He-sycb'i-us, -a 


Hip-pod'a-mas 


Ho-rae'i-tse 


Hy'men, 


He're-ns 


He-trie'u-lum 


Hip-podVme, 


Ho'ras 


Hym-e-nas'us 


He-rillus 


He-tru'ri-a 


-mi'a 


Hor-a-pollo 


Hy-met'tus 


Her'i-lus 


Heu-rip'pa 


Hip-pod'a-mus 


Ho-ra'ti-us, -a 


Hy-o'pe 


Her'ma-cbus 


Hex-ap'y-lum 


Hip-pod'i-ce 


Hor'ci-as 


Hy-pse'pa 


Her'mte 


Hi-ar'bas 


Hip-po-do'rus 


Ho-rFzon 


Hy-pa^si-a 


Her-mjie'a 


Hi-ber'ni-a 


Hip-pod'ro-mus 


Hor-mis'das 


Hyp'a-nis 


Her-mse'um 


Hi-be'rus 


Hip'po-la 


Hor-ra'tus 


Hyp-a-ri'nus 


Her-mag'-o-ras 


Hi-bril'des 


Hip-pol'o-cbus 


Hor-ten'si-us, -a 


Hyp'a-ta 


Her-man'di-ea 


Hic-e-ta'on 


Hip-pol'y-tus, -te 


Hor-ti'num 


Hy-pa'tes 


Her-man-du'ri 


Hic'e-tas 


Hip-pom'a-cbus 


Hor-to'na 


Hyp'a-tba 


Her-inan'ni 


Hi-ernp'sal 


Hip-pom'e-don 


Ho'rus 


Hyp'a-tus 


Her-maph-ro-di'tus 


Hi'e-ra (an island) 


Hip-pom-e-du'sa 


Hos-til'i-tis, -a 


Hy-pe'nor 


Her-ma-the'na 


Hi-e'ra (a person) 


Hip-pom'e-nes 


Hun-ne-ri'eus 


Hyp-e-ra'on 


Her-me'as 


Hi-e-ra-eo'me 


Hip-po-mol'gi 


Hun-ni'a-des 


Hy-per'ba-tus 


Her-me'i-as 


Hi-e-rap'o-lis 


Hip-po'na 


Hy-a-cin'tbi-a 


Hy-per'bi-ns 


Her-me-si'a-nax 


Hi'e-rax 


Hip-po'nax 


Hy-a-cin'tbus 


Hyp-er-bo're-i 


Her-mi'as 


Hi/e-ri 


Hip-po-ni'a-tes 


Hy'a-des 


Hyp-e-re'si-a 


Her-min'i-us 


Hi-er'i-cbus 


Hip-po-ni'eus 


Hy-ag'nis 


Hyp-e-ri'a, -re f a 


Her-mi'o-ne 


Hi'e-ro 


Hip-po'ni-um 


Hy'a-la 


Hy-per'i-des 


Her-mi'o-nes 


Hi-e-ro-ce'pi-a 


Hip-pon'o-us 


Hy-a-me'a 


Hyp-e-ri'on 


Her-mi-o'ni-ae 


Hi-e-ro-ce'pis 


Hip-popb'a-gi 


Hy-am-pe'a 


Hyp-erm-nes'tra 


Her-mi-on'i-eus 


Hi-er'o-cles 


Hip-pop'o-des 


Hy-am'po-lis 


Hy-per'o-chns 


Her-mi'o-nis 


Hi-e-ro-cres-a-re'a 


Hip-pos'tra-tus 


Hy-an'thes 


Hyp-er-ocb'i-des 


Her-mip'pus 


Hi-e-ro-du'li 


Hip-pot'a-des 


Hy-an'tis 


Hy-phae'us 


Her-mo-eop'i-dse 


Hi-e-ro-du'lum 


Hip'po-tas, -tes 


Hy-a-pe'a 


Hyph-an-te'on 


Her-moe'ra-tes 


Hi-e-ro-ke'ryx 


Hip-poth'o-on 


Hy'as 


Hyp-o-the'bad 


Her-mo-do'rus 


Hi-er-om-ne'mon 


Hip-potb-o-on'tis 


Hyb'e-la 


Hyp-o-the'caj 


Her-mog'e-nes 


Hi-e-ro-ne'sos 


Hip-poth'o-us, -e 


Hy'bla 


Hyp-se'a 


Her-mo-la'us 


Hi-er-o-ni'ces, -C£B 


Hip-po'ti-on 


Hy-bre'as, or 
Hyb're-as 


Hyp-se^a 


Her-mo'nax 


Hi-e-ron'i-eus, -a 


Hip-po-tox'o-tse 


Hyp-se'nor 


Her-mon'do-ri 


Hi-e-ron'y-mus 


Hip-pu'ris 


Hy-bri'a-nes 


Hyp-se'us 


Her-mop'o-lis 


Hi-e-roph'i-lus 


Hip-pu'rus 


Hye^a-ra 


Hyp-si-era-te'a 


Her-mo-ti'mus 


Hi-e-ro-soFy-ina 


Hip'si-des 


Hy'da, Hy'de 


Hyp-sie'ra-tes 


Her-mun-du'ri 


Hi-gi'nus 


Hi'ra 


Hyd'a-ra 


Hyp-sipV-le 


Her'ni-ci 


Hig-na'ti-a 


Hir-pi'ni 


Hy-dar'nes 


Hyr-^a'ni-a 


He'ro 


Hi-la/ri-a 


Hir-pi'nus 


Hy-das'pes 


Hyr-ea'nuS 


He-ro'des 


Hi-la'ri-us 


Hir'ti-us, -a 


Hy'dra 


Hyr'i-a, -e 


He-ro-di-a'nus 


Him / an-top / o-des 


His'pa-lis 


Hy-dra'mi-a 


Hy-ri'e-ns, 
Ilyr'e-us 


He-rod'i-eus 


Hi-inel'la 


His-pa'ni-a 


Hyd-ra-o'tes 


Her-o-di'um 


Him'e-ra 


His-pa'nus 


Hyd're-a 


Hyr-mi / na, -ne 


He-rod'o-tus 


Hi-mil'co 


His-peKlum 


Hy-dre'la 


Hyr'ne-to, -tbo 


Her-o-du'lus 


Hip-pag'o-ras 


His-puFla 


IIy-drocb , 'o-us 


Hyr-nith'i-um 


He-ro'es 


Hip-pag're-tus 


His-tas-'pes 


Hyd-ro-pho'ri-a 


Hyr'ta-eus 


He-ro'is 


Hip-pal'ci-rnus 


His-ti-a3'a 


HyMrus 


Hys'i-a 


He'ron 


ITip'pa-lus 


His-ti-a? / o-tis 


Hy-dru'sa 


Hys-tas'pes 
Hys-ti-e'us 


He-ropb'i-lus, -la, 


Hip-par'chi-a 


His-ti-aB'us 


Hy'e-la, -e 


-le 


Hip-par'cbus 


His'tri-a 

I. 

I-a'si-on, -si'us 


Hy-emp'sal 




FA 


I-a-pet/i-des 


I-caM-us 


I'cos 


I-ae'chus 


I-ap-e-ti-on'i-des 


I-a'sis 


Ie'a-rus 


Ie-ti'nus 


I-a'der 


I-ap'e-tus 


Fa-sus 


Ie'ci-us 


Ie-u-lis'ma 


I-a-le'mus 


I -a/pis 


I-ax-am^-taj 


Ic'e-los, -lus 


Fda 


I-al'me-nus 


I-ap'o-des 


I-ax'ar-tes 


I-ce'ni 


I-di^'us, -a 


I-al'y-sus 


I-a-pyd'i-a 


I-be'ri 


Ic'e-tas 


Id'a-lus 


I-am^e 


I-a-pyg'i-a 


I-be'ri-a 


Icb-nob'a-tes 


Id-an-thyr'sus 


I-am'bli-sus 


I-a'pyx 


I-ber'i-eus 


Icb-nu'sa 


I-dar'nes 


I-am'e-nus 


I-ar'bas 


I-be'rus 


Ich-o-nu / pbis 


Fdas 


I-am'i-dte 


I-ar-bi'ta 


I0)i 


Ich-tby-opb'a-gi 


Id'e-a 


I-a-ni / ra 


I-ar'cbas, Jar'cbas 


I^bis 


I-ciFi-us 


I-de'ra 


I-an'the 


I-ar'da-nus 


Ib'y-eus 


Ic'i-us 


I-des'sa 


I-ap-e-ron'i-des 


I-as'i-des 


I-ea'ri-a 


I-eo'ni-um 


Fdex 

- 















LA 


LA 


LA 


LA 


LA 541 


I-dis-ta-vi'sus 


Il-ur-ge'a 


In-te-rain'na 


I-ra'is 


Is-tajv'o-nei 




I-dorn'e-ne 


I-lyr'gis 


In-ter-ea'ti-a 


Ir-a-phi'o-tes 


Istli'mi-a 




I-dom-e-ne'us 


I-man-u-en'ti-us 


In'u-us 


Ir-e-na-'iis 


I-th'uii-us 




I-do'the-a 


I-ma'on 


I-ny'cus 


I-re'ne 


Is-ti-a-'o-tis 




I-dri'e-oa 


Im'a-us 


I'o 


I-re'sua 


Is-to'ne 




I-du'be-da 


Im'ba-rus 


I-ob'a-tes 


I'ris 


Is'tri-a 




I-du'me, -me'a 


Im-brac'i-des 


I'o-bes 


I'rus 


Is-trop'o-li3 




I-dv'a 


Im-bras'i-des 


I-o-lal-a 


I-sa'ens 


I'sus 




I-d'v'i-a 


Im'bra-sus 


I'u-las, or -la'us 


Is 'a-> las 


Lt'a-li 




I-e'tiB 


Im'bre-us 


I-ol'chos 


I-sa-'a 


1-ta'li-a 




Ig'e-ni 


Im'bri-us 


I'o-le 


I-Sit'US 


l-tal'i-eus, -a 




Ig-na'ti-u9 


Im-briv'i-um 


I-o'lum 


Is'a-inus 


It'a-lus 




Ig-ne'tes 


Im'bros 


I 'on 


I-san'der 


I-tar'gris 




I-gu'vi-um 


Im'o-la 


I-o'ne 


I-sa'pis 


It'e-a 




Il-a-i'ra 


In'a-chi 


I-o'nes 


I'sar, Is'a-ra 


I-tem'a-lea 




11-e-a'tes 


I-na'chi-a 


I-o'ni-a 


I'sar, I-sa;'us 


Ith'a-ea 




Il-e-ea'o-nes, 


I-nach'i-dre 


I-oa'i-eus 


I-sar'chus 


Ith'a-ce-si-aa 




-nen'ses 


I-nach'i-des 


I-o'pas 


I-sau'ri-a 


I-ti.ob'a-lus 




I-ler'da 


I-na'chi-um 


I'o-pe 


I-sau'ri-eus 


Ith-o-ma'i-a 




Il-er-ge'tes 


In'a-chus 


I'o-phon 


I-sau'rus 


Ith-o-ma'taa 




Il'i-a 


I-nam'a-mes 


I-o'pis 


Is-che'ni-a 


I-tho'rae 




l-li'a-€us 


I-nar'i-me 


I'os 


Is-cho-)a'us 


I-tbo'mus 




I-li'a-des 


In'a-rus 


I-o-taph'a-ta 


Is-chom'a-cbe 


I-tho'ne 




Il'i-as 


In-ci-ta'tus 


Ip'e-p/e 


Is-cbop'o-lis 


Ith-u-rel 




Il-i-en'ses 


In-da-thyr'sas 


Iph-i-a-nas'sa 


Is-chy'ras 


Ith-y-phallua 




Il'i-on 


In'di-a 


Iph'i-elas, or -eles 


Is-com'a-chn3 


I-to'ni-a 




I-li'o-ne 


In-dib'i-lis 


I-phie'ra-tes 


Is-de-ger'des 


I-to'nus 




Il-i-o'ne-us 


In'di-€us 


Iph-i-€rat'i-des 


I-se'a 


It'o-rum 




I-lis'sus 


In-di-ge'tes (a 


Iph-i-da-mi'a 


I-se'pus 


It'u-na 




I-lith-v-i'a, or 


people) 


I-phid'a-mus 


Is'i-a 


It-u-rae'a 




U-ttiy'i-a 


In-dig'e-ti 


Iph-i-de-ini'a 


I-si'a-cns 


I-tu'rum 




Il'i-um. or -on 


In-ga-v'o-nes 


Iph-i-ge-ni'a 


Is-i-do'rus 


It'y-lus 




Il-lib'a-nus 


In-ne'sa 


Iph-i-me-di'a 


I 'sis 


It-V-rai'i 




Il-lib'e-ris 


Fno 


I-phim'e-don 


'Is-ma-ela 


I'tys 




U-lip'u-la 


I-no'a 


Iph-i-me-du'sa 


Is'ma-rus, -ra 


I-u-le'ns 




Il-li-tur'gis 


I-no'pus 


I-phin'o-us, -e 


Is-me'ne 


I-n-H'a-eum 




Il-lyr'i-eum, 


I-no'res 


I'phis 


Is-me'ni-as 


I-u'lus 




Il'ly-ris 


I-no'us 


I-phit'i-on 


Is-men'i-des 


Ix-Wa-tss 




Il-lyr v i-eus 


In'su-brea 


Iph'i-tus 


Is-me'nus 


Ix-i'on 




Il-lyr'i-us, -a 


In-su'bri-a 


Iph'thi-me 


I-soe'ra-tes 


Ix-i-o'ne-us 




Il'u-a 


In-ta-me'li-um 


Ip-se'a 


Is-se'don 


Ix-i-on'i-des 




Ilus 


In-ta-pher'nes 


I'ra 

J. 


Is-sed'o-nes 






JA-€0'BU3 


Je'ra 


Jo-vi'nus 


Ju-li-a'nus 


Ju-no'nes 




Jad'e-ra 


Je-ro'mns 


Jo'za 


Ju-li-o-bo'na 


Ju-no'ni-a 




Ja-nie'u-lum 


Je-ron'y-mus 


Ju'ba 


Ju-li-o-ma'gus 


Ja'pi-ter 




Ja-no'ea 


Je-ru'sa-lem 


Ju-dae'a 


Ju-li-op'o-lis 


Ju'ra 




Ja'nus 


Je'sus 


Ju-ga'lis 


Julis 


Jus-ti'nus 




Ja-pet'i-dea 


Jo-ba'tes 


Ju-gan'tes 


Ju'li-us, -a 


Ju-tur'na 




Jap'e-tus 


Jo-eas'ta 


Ju-ga'ri-us 


Ju'ni-us, -a 


Ju-ve-nalis 




Ja'son 


Jor-nan'des 


Ju-gur'tha 


Ju'no 


Ju-ven'tas 




Jaz'y-ges 
Jen'i-su3 


Jo-se'phus 


Ju-li'a-des 


Ju-no-nali-a 


Ju-ver'na 




Jo-vi-a'nus 














L. 








LA-ANDES 


Lab-y-rin'thus 


La-con'i-ca 


La-eT'ti-ns 


Lam-be'ca 




La-ar'chus 


La-cie'na 


Lac'ra-tes 


L;v-stryg'o-nes 


Lam-bra'ni 




Lab'a-ris 


Lac-e-dae'mon 


Lac'ri-nes 


L;e-to'ri-a 


La'mi-a 




Lab'a-rus 


Lac-e-d«-mon'i- 


Lae-tan'ti-us 


La^'tus, -a 


La'mi-a3 




Lab-dac'i-des 


€US 


Lac'y-des 


Lit'vi 


La'mi-as 




Lab'da-ens 


Lac-e-daem'o-nes 


Lac'y-dus 


Lae-vi'nns 


La-mi'rus 




Lab 'da-Ion 


Lac-e-de-mo'ni-us 


La'das 


La-ga'ri-a 


Lam-pe'ti-a (a 




La'be-o 


La-cer'ta 


La'de 


La-ge'us 


female) 




La-be 'ri-us 


Lac-e-ta'ni-a 


La'de s 


La'gi-a 


Lam-pe-ti'a (a 




La-be'ras 


Lach'a-res 


Lad-o-ce'a 


Lag'i-des 


city) 




La-bi'ci 


La'ches 


La'don 


La'gus 


Lam-pe-ti'um 




La-bi'eus, 'um 


Lach'e-sis 


La-e'a 


La-gu'sa 


Lam'pe-tus 


1 


La-bi-e'nus 


Lac'i-das 


La-Haps 


La-gy'ra 


Lam-po-ne'a, 




Lab-i-ne'tus 


Lac'i-des 


La?-li-a'nus 


La-i'a-des 


Lam-po'ni-a, 




La-bo'bi-us 


La-cin'i-a 


La?1i-us, -a 


La'i-as 


-um 




La-bob'ri-gi 


La-cin-i-en'sis 


La?'na 


La'is 


Lam-po'ni-us 




Lab-o-ri'ni 


La-cin'i-um 


La-'nas 


La'i-us 


Lam-prid'i-ns 




La-bo'tas 


La'eo 


L;t'ne-us 


Lal'a-ge 


Lam'pro-eles 




La-bra'de-us 


La-cob 'ri-ga 


La,>'pa 


La-las'sis 


Lamp'sa-eus, 




La'bron 


La-co'nes 


La-er'tes 


Lam'a-chns 


-chum 




La-by'eas 


La-eo'ui-a 


La-er-ti'a-des 


La-mal'mon 


Lamp-te'ri-a 











542 LA 


LE 


LI 


LU 


LY 


La'mus 


Lau-rer/tes 


Le'ros 


Li-ga'ri-us 


Lu r ea 


Lam'y-rus, -a 


Lau-ren'ti-a 


Les-bo-ni'eus 


Li-ge'a 


Lu'ca-gus 


La-nas'sa 


Lau-ren-ti'ni 


Les-bo'us 


Li'ger, or Lig'e-ris 


Lu-ea'ni 


Lan-ce'a 


Lau-ren'ti-us 


Les-tryg'o-nes 


Lig'o-ras 


Lu-ea'ni-a 


Lan'ci-a 


Lau-ren'tum 


Les'u-ra 


Lig'u-res 


Lu-ean'i-cus 


Lan-go-bar'di 


Lau-re'o-lus 


Le-ta'mim 


Li-gu'ri-a 


Lu-ca'ni-us 


La-nu/vi-um 


Lau'ron 


Le-thse'us 


Lig-u-ri'nus 


Lu-t-a'nus 


La-o-bo'tas 


La'us 


Le'tbe 


Li'gus 


Lu-ca'ri-a 


La-oe'o-on 


Lau'sus 


Le'tus 


Li-gus'ti-€us 


Lue-ce'i-us 


La-od'a-mas 


Lau'ti-um 


Leu'ea 


Lig'y-es 


Lu'ce-res 


La-od-a-rni / a 


La-ver'na 


Leu-ea'di-a 


Li-gyr'gum 


Lu-ce'ri-us, -a 


La-od'i-ce 


La-ver'ni-um 


Leu-ea'ni 


Li-lae'a 


Lu-ce'ti-us 


La-od-i-ce'a 


La-vi-a'na 


Leu'eas 


Lil-y-bse'um 


Lu-ci-a'nus 


La-od-i-ce'ne 


La-vin'i-a 


Leu-ea'si-on 


Lil/y-be 


Lu'ci-fer 


La-od'o-cbus 


La-vin'i-um, or 


Leu-eas'pis 


Li-mse'a 


Lu-cil'i-ua 


La-og'o-nus 


La-vi'nuin 


Leu-ea'tes 


Li-me'ni-a 


Lu-cil'la 


La-og'o-ras, -re 


Laz'a-rus 


Leu'ce 


Li-me/ra 


Lu-ci'na 


La-o-me-di'a 


Le'a-des 


Leu/ci 


Lim-nae'um 


Lu-ci'o-lus 


La-om'e-don 


Le-ae'i 


Leu-cip'pe 


Lim-na-tid'i-a 


Lu'ci-us 


La-om-e-don-te'us 


Le-se'na 


Leu-cip'pi-des 


Lim-ni'a-ce 


Lu-eret'i-lis 


La-om-e-doii-ti / a- 


Le-an'der 


Leu-cip'pus 


Lim-ni'a-des 


Lu-ere'ti-us, -a 


des 


Le-an'dre 


Leu-eo-ge'i 


Lim-ni-o'tae 


Lu-eri'nura 


La-om-e-don'ti-us 


Le-an'dri-as 


Leu'-eo-la 


Lim-no'ni-a 


Lu-eri'nus 


La-on'i-eus 


Le-ar'cbus 


Leu'eon 


Lim-no-re'a 


Lne-ta'ti-us 


La-on'o-me 


Leb-a-de'a, -di'a 


Leu-eo'nes, -e 


Li'mon 


Ln-cuFIe-a 


La-on-o-me'ne 


Leb'e-dus, -dos 


Leu-eon'i-eus 


Li-mo'ne 


Lu-euFlus 


La-otb/o-e 


Le-be'na 


Leu-eon'o-e 


Li-mo'num 


lu'eu-mo 


La'o-us 


Le-bin'thos 


Leu-eon'o-tus 


Li-my'ra 


Lu'eus 


Lap'a-tbus 


Le-cbas'um 


Leu-eop'e-tra 


Lin-ca'si-i 


Lug-du'num 


La-pe'thus 
Lapb'ri-a 


Lec'y-tbus 


Leu-eo-phry'ne 


Lin'di-ns 


Lu'na 


Le'da 


Leu'co-pbrys 


Lin'go-nes 


Lu-per-'eal 


La-pby'ra 


Le-das'a 


Leu-eop'o-lis 


Lin-gon'i-cus 


Lu-per-€a / ]i-a . 


La-phys'ti-um 


Le'dus 


Leu'eos 


Lin-ter'num 


Lu-per'eus, -ci 


La-pid'e-us 


Le'i-tus 


Leu-eo'si-a 


Li'nus 


Lu'pi-as, or -a 


Lap'i-thsi 


Le'laps 


Leu-eos'y-ri 


Li'o-des 


Lu-po-du'nuin 


Lap-i-tbag'um 


Lel'e-ges 


Leu-eo-syr'i-i 


Lip'a-ra, -e 


Lu'pus, -pa 


Lap'i-tho 


Le'lex 


Leu-eotb'o-e, or 


Lip-a-re'us 


Lu-si-ta'ni-a 


Lap'i-tbus 


Le-man'rms, -ma'- 


Leu-eo'tbe-a 


Lip'a-ris 


Lu-si-ta'nus 


La'ra, or La-ran'da 


nus 


Leu'eus 


Lip-o-do'rus 


Lu-so^es 


La-ren'ti-a 


Le-mo'vi-i 


Leu-cy-a'ni-as 


Li-quen'ti-a 


Lns'tri-cus 


La'res 


Lein-o-vi'ces 


Leu-tycM-des 


Lir-cse'us 


Lu-ta'ti-us 


La-ri'des 


Lem'n-res 


Le-va r na 


Li-ri'o-pe 


Lu-te'ri-us 


La-ri'na 


Le-mu'ri-a, 


Le-vi'nus 


Li'ris 


Lu-to'ri-us 


La-ri'num 


Lem-u-rali-a 


Lex-o'vi-i 


Li-sin'i-as 


Ly-se'us 


La-ris'sa 


Le-nas'iis 


Lib'a-na5 


Lit'a-brum 


Ly^bas 


La-ris'sus 


Len'tu-lus 


Li-ba'ni-us 


Lit'a-na 


Ly-bo'tns 


La'ri-us 


Le'o 


Lib'a-nus 


Li-tav'i-eus 


Lyb'y-a, or 


La-ro'ni-a 


Le-ob'o-tes 


Lib-en-t^na 


Li-ter'num 


Ly-bis'sa 


Lar'ti-us 


Le-o-ea'di-a 


Li'ber 


Lith-o-bo'li-a 


Ly^'a-bas 


Lar-to-laet'a-ni 


Le-ocb'a-res 


Lib'e-ra 


Li'thrus 


Lye-a-be'tus 


La-rym'na 


Le-o-eo'ri-on 


Lib-e-rali-a 


Li-tbu'bi-um 


Ly-cae'a 


La-rys'i-um 


Le-oe'ra-tes 


Li-ber'tas 


Lit-y-er'sas 


Ly-cae'um 


Las'si-a 


Le-od'a-inas 


Li-be'thra 


Li-vil'la 


Ly-CcE'us 


La'sus 


Le-od'o-eus 


Li-betb'ri-des 


Liv-i-ne'i-us 


Ly-eam'bes 


Las'tbe-nes 


Le-og'o-ras 


Lib'l-ci 


LiM-us, -a 


Lye-am-be'us 


Las-tbe-ni'a 


Le'on 


Lib-i-ti'na 


Lix'us 


Ly-€a'on 


Lat'a-gus 


Le-o'na 


Li'bo 


Lo'bon 


Lye-a-o'ni-a 


Lat-e-ra'nus 


Le-o-na'tus 


Li'bon 


Lo'ce-us 


Ly^a'o-nes 


La-te'ri-um 


Le-on'i-das 


Li-bon / o-tus 


Lo^ba 


Ly'eas 


Latb'u-rus 


Le-on'ti-ivm, 


Lib-o-pbos-ni'ces 


Lo-cha'gus 


Ly-eas'te 


La-ti-alis 


Le-on-ti'ni 


Li'bri 


Lo'cbi-as 


Ly-eas'tum 


La-ti-a'ris 


Le-on-to-ceph'a- 


Li-bur'na 


Loc'o-zus 


Ly-eas'tus 


La-tin'i-us 


lus 


Li-bur'ni-a 


Lo'eri 


Ly'ce 


La-ti'nus 


Le-on'ton, 


Li-bur'ni-des 


Lo'eris 


Lyc'e-as 


La'ti-um 


Le-on-top'o-lis 


Li-bur'nus 


Lo-eus'ta 


Ly'ces 


La'ti-us 


Le-on-tycb'i-des 


Lib'y-a 


Lo-eu'ti-us 


Ly-ce'um 


La-to'i-a 


Le-opb'o-ra 


Lib'y-eus 


Lo-gi'um 
Lol-li-a'nus 


Ly-ce'us 


La-to'bi-us 


Le'o-phron 


Li'bys 


Lych^ni'dus 


La-tob'ri-gi 


Le-op're-pes 


Li-bys'sa 


LoFli-us, -a 


Lyc'i^ 


La-to'is 


Le-o-prep'i-des 


Lib-ys-si'nus 


Lon-di'num 


Lyc'i-das 


La-to'na 


Le'os 


Li-bys'tis 


Lon-ga-re'nus 


Ly-cim'na 


La-top'o-lis' 


Le-os'tbe-nes 


Lie'a-tes 


Lon-gim / a-nus 


Ly-cim / ni-a 


Lat-o-re / a 


Le-o-tycb'i-des 


Li'cba 


Lon-gi / nus 


Ly-cis'€U3 


La-to'us 


Le-pbyr'i-um 


LicVa-des 


Lon-go-bar'di 


Lyc'i-us 


La'tre-us 


Lep'i-dus, -a 


Li-cba'des 


Lon-go'ne 


Lye'o-a 


La-tu/mi-ae, or 


Le-pi'nus 


Li'cbas 


Lon'gu-la 


Lye-o-me'des 


La-to'mi-se 


Le-pon / ti-i 


Li'ches 


Lon-gun'ti-ca 


Ly'eon 


Lau-da'mi-a 


Le'pre-os 


Li-cin / i-a 


Lor'y-ma 


Ly-eo'ne 


Lau-do'ni-a 


Le'pri-um 


Li-cin'i-us 


Lo'tis, or -tos 


Ly-eo'pes 


Lau-fella 


Lep'ti-nes 


Lic'i-nus 


Lo-toph / a-gi 


Lyc'o-pbron 


Lau'ra 


Le'ri-a 


Li-ci'nus 


Lo'us 


Ly-€op'o-lis 


Lau-re'a-enm 


Le-ri'iia 


Li-cym'ni-us 


Lox'i-as 


Ly-eo'pus 


Lau-ren-ta'li-a 


Le'ro 


Li'de 


Lu/a 


Lye-o-re'us, -a 



MM 


UA. 


MA 


MA 


ME 543 


Ly-eo'ri-as 


Lyd'i-as 


Lyn-ccs'ti-us 


Ly-san'der, -dra 


Ly-sirn'a-obus 


Ly-eo'ris 


Lyd'i-us 


Lyn-ce'us 


Ly-sa'ni-as 


Lys-i-me-ii / a 


Ly-eor'mas 


Ly'dus 


Lyn'ceus 


Ly'se 


Ly-sin'o-e 


Ly-eor'taa 


Lyg'da-mis, or 


Lyn-ci'des 


Ly-si'a-des 


Ly-sip'pus, -pe 


Ly-eos'tbe-ne 


-rnus 


Lyn'eus, -cae'us 


Lys-i-a-nas'sa 


Ly'sia 


Lye-o-su'ra 


Lyg'i-i 


Lyr'cas 


Ly-sKa-nax 


Ly-sis'tra-tus 


Ly-eo'tas 


Lyg-o-des'ma 


Lyr-cae'us 


Lys'i-as 


Lys-i-thi'des 


Lye-o-ze'a 


Ly'gus 


Lyr-ce'a 


Lys'i-eles 


Ly-sitb'o-us 


Lye-ur-gi'des 


Lym'i-re 


Lyr-ci'us 


Ly-sid'i-ce 


Ly'so 


Ly-eur'gus 


Ly'max 


Lyr'i-ce 


Ly-sim'a-cbe 


Ly-tau'a 


Ly^us 


Lyn-ces'tae 


Lyr-nes'sus 


Lys-i-rna'cbi-a 


Lyx-e'a 


Ly'de 


Lyn-ces'tes 


Lyr'o-pe 


Lys-i-macb'i-des 


Ly-za'ni-as 


Lyd'i-a 




M. 






MA'CLE 


Mae'si-a 


Man'e-ros 


Mar-ru'vi-nm, or 


Ma-zi'ces, -zy'ges 


Ma'ear 


Mae-soli 


Ma'nes 


-bi-um 


Me'a-rus 


Mae-a-re'is 


Maet'o-na 


Man'e-tbo 


Mar-sae'us 


Me-cae'nas, -coe'nas 


Ma-ea're-us 


Mae'vi-us, -a 


Ma'ni-a 


Isfar'sa-la 


Me-cha'ne-us 


Ma-ea'ri-a 


Ma'gas 


Ma-nil'i-us, -a 


Mar-sig'ni 


Me-cis'te-us 


M ae'a-ris 


Mag-do'lus 


Man'i-nri 


Mars'pi-ter 


Mee'ri-da 


Mae'a-ron 


Ma-gella 


Man'li-us, -a 


Mar-sy'a-ba 


Me-de'a 


Ma-ear'ta-tns 


Mag'e-tae 
Ma'gi 


Man-sue'tus 


Mar'sy-as 


Me'de-on 


^.ia-ced'nus 


Man-te'urn 


Mar-ti-a'lis 


Me-des-i-sas-'te 


Mac'e-do 


Ma'gi -a 


Man-ti-ne'a 


Mar-ti-a'nus 


Me'di-a 


IMac-e-do'ni-a 


Ma'gi-us 


Man-ti-ne'us 


^lar-tig'e-na 


Me'di-as 


Mac-e-don'i-eus 


Mag-nen'ti-us 


Man'ti-us 


Mar-ti'na 


Med'i-eus 


Ma-cel'la 


Mag-ne'si-a 


Man'tu-a 


Mar-tin-i-a'nus 


Me-di-o-la'num 


Ma'cer 


Mag-ne'tes 


Mar-a-ean'da 


Mar'ti-us, -a 


Me-di'o-lum 


Ma-ce'ris ' 


Ma'go 


Mai -/ a-tha 


Ma-rul'lus 


Me-di-o-ma-tri / - 


Mac'e-tse 


Ma'gon 


Mar'a-tbon 


Mas-ae-syl'i-i 


ces, or -ci 


Ma-cbae'ra 


Mag-on-ti'a-eum 


Mar'a-thos 


Mas-ce'zel 


Me'di-on 


Ma-chag'e-ai 


Ma'gus 


Mar-cel-li'nus 


Mas'eli-on 


Me-di-ox'u-mi 


Ma-cban'i-das 


Ma-her'bal 


Mar-cellus, -a 


Mas-i-gi'ton 


Med-i-tri'na 


Ma-cba'on 


Ma'i-a 


Mar-ci-a'na 


Mas-i-nis'sa 


Me-do'a-eus, or 


Ma-cbe'rus 


Ma-i-a'ma 


Mar-ci-a-nop'o- 


^las'sa-ga 


-du'a-eus 


Ma'«ra 


Ma'i-u-mas 


lis 


Mas-sag / e-tae 


Mcd-o-bith / y-ni 


Ma-eri-a'nus 


Ma-jes'tas 


Mar-ci-a'nus 


Mas-sa'na 


Me-dob'ri-ga 


Ma-eri / nufl 


Ma-jor'ea 


Mar'ci-on 


Mas-sa'ni 


Me'don 


Mae'ri-tus 


Ma-jo-ri-a'nus 


Mar-ci'ta 


Mas-si'eus 


Me-don'ti-as 


Ma'ero 


Mak/a-reus 


Mar'ci-us, -a 


Mas-sil'i-a 


Me-do'res 


Ma-ero'bi-i 


Mal'a-ea, or -che 


Mar-eo-man'ni 


Mas-sy^a 


Med-u-a'na 


Ma-cro'bi-us 


Mal-ach-be'lus 


Mar-eom'e-res 


Mas-sy'li 


Med'u-li 


Mae'ro-cbir 


Mal'cbi-on 


Mar'di-a 


Mas-syl'i-us 


Me-dul'li-a 


Ma-ero'nes 


Ma-le'ba 


Mar'do-nes 


Mas-tram / e-la 


Med-ul-li'na 


Mae-ron-ti'chus 


Ma-le'os 


Mar-do'ni-us 


Ma-su'ri-us 


Me'dus 


Mae-rop-o-go'nes 


Mal-e-ven'tum 


Ma're-a, or -o'tis 


Ma-thi r on 


Me-du^a 


Mac-ry-ne'a 


Mal'bo 


Ma-re-ot/i-eus 


Ma'tbo 


Me-gab'i-zi 


Mae-to'ri-um 


Ma'li-a 


Mar-ga-ri'ta 


Ma-ti-e'ni 


Mes:-a-by / zu3 


Mae-u-lo'nus 


Ma'li-i 


Mar-gin'i-a 


Ma-ti'nus 


Meg'a-cles 


Ma-dau'ra 


Ma'lis 


Mar-gi-a'ni-a 


Ma-tis'eo 


Me-gac'li-des 


Ma-des'tes 


Mal'le-a, or -li-a 


Mar-gVtes 


Ma-tra'li-a 


Me-gaa'ra 


Ma-de'tes 


MaFli-us 


Ma-ri'a 


Ma'tre-as 


Me-ga'le 


Ma-dre'ni 


Mal-lopb'o-ra 


Ma-ri r a-ba 


Mat'ro-na 


Me-ga'le-as 


Mad-u-at'e-ni 


Ma-lo'de% 


Ma-ri-am'ne 


Mat-ro-na'li-a 


Meg-a-le'si-a 


Ma'dy-es 


Mal-thi'nus 


Ma-ri-an-dy / ni 


Mat-ti'a-ci 


Me-ga'li-a 


Mae-an'der 


Ma-lu'ea 


Ma-ri-an -dy 'num 


Ma-tu'ce-tae 


Meg-a-lop'o-lis 


Mae-an'dri-a 


Mal-va'na 


Ma-ri-a'nus, -a 


Ma-tu'ta 


Meg-a-me'de 


Mas-ce'nas 


Ma-ma'us 


Mar'i-eus, -^a, -ci 


Mat-u-ti'nus 


Meg-a-ni'ra 


Mae'di 


Ma-mer'eus 


Ma-ri'nus, -na 


Mau'ri-eus 


Meg-a-pen'tbes 


Mse-dob-i-tby'ni 


Ma-mer'tbes 


Ma'ri-oa 


Mau-ri-ta'ni-a 


Meg'a-ra 


Maeli-us 


Mam-er-ti'na 


Ma'ris 


Mau'rus, -i 


Meg'a-reus, or 


Maem-ae-te'ri-a 


Mam-er-ti'ni 


Ma-ris'sa 


Mau-ru'si-a 


-ga're-us 


Maen'a-des 


Ma-miFi-us, -a, -i 


Mar'i-sus 


Mau-ru'si-i 


Meg-a-re'us (adj.) 


1 Maen'a-la 


Mam-me'a 


Ma-rit'i-ma 


Mau-so-le'um 


Me^'a-ris 


Magn'a-lus 


Mam-mo'nas 


J.Ia'ri-us 


Mau-so'li 


Me-gar'sns 


Mae'ni-us 


Ma-mu-ri-a'nus 


Mar'ma-ens 


Mau-solus 


Me-gas'tbe-nes 


Maen-o-bo'ra 


Ma-mu'ri-us 


Mar-ma-ren'ses 


Ma'vors 


IMeg-a-ti'cbus 


i Mte-nom'e-na 


Ma-mur'ra 


Mar-mar'i-ca 


Ma-vor'ti-a 


Me'ges 


Mas'non 


Ma-nae'tbon 


Mar-mar'i-dae 


Max-en'ti-us 


Me-gilla 


Mae'nus 


Ma-nas'ta-bal 


Alar-ma'ri-on 


Max-e'ras 


Me-gis'ta 


Mse-o'ni-a 


Man-ci'nus 


Ma'ro 


Max-im-i-a'nua 


Me-gis'ti-as 


Mae'o-nes 


Man-da'nes, -e 


Ma-ro-bu'du-i 


Max-i-mil-i-a'na 


Me-lag'nae 


Mae-on'i-dae 


Man-de'la 


Ma'ron 


Max-i-mi'nus 


Mel-am-pe'a 


Mae-on'i-des 


Man-do'ni-us 


Mar-o-ne'a 


Max'i-mus 


Me-lam'pus 


Mae'o-nis 


Man'dro-cles 


Mar-pe'si-a 


Maz'a-€a 


Mel-am-py'ges 


Mae-o'tse 


Man-droe'li-das 


/ Mar-pes'sa 


Maz'a-ces 


Mela 


Mae-ot'i-eus 


Man-du'bi-i 


Mar-pe'sus 


Ma-zae/us 


Mcl-an-chae'tes 


Mse-ot'i-des 


Man-du-bra'ti-us 


Mar-ra'bi-i 


^raz'a-res 


Mel-an-chlae'ni 


Mae-o'tis 


Man-du'ri-a 


.Mar-ru-ci'ni 


Maz'e-raa 


Me-lan'cbrus 





544 ME 


ME 


MN 


MU 


MY 


Mel'a-ne 


Me'non 


Me-tu'lum 


Mne-sitb'e-us 


Mul'ci-ber 


Mel'a-neus 


Me-nopM-lus 


Me-va'ni-a 


Mnes'the-us 


Mu-lu'cha 


• Me-la'ni-a 


Men-tis'sa 


Me'vi-us 


Mnes'ti-a 


Mul'vi-us 


Me-lan'i-da 


Men'to-res 


Me-zen'ti-us 


Mne'vis 


Mum'mi-us 


Me-la'ni-on 


Me-nyl'lus 


Mi-a-eo'rus 


Mo-a-pber'nes 


Mu-na'ti-ns 


Mel-a-nip'pi-des 


Me-pbi'tis 


Mie-eo-tro'gus 


Mo-eor'e-tae 


Mu-ni'tus 


Mel-a-nip'pus, -e 


Me'ra 


Mi-ce'a 


Mo-des'tus 


Mu-nych^-a 


Mel-a-no'pus 


Mer-ce-di'nus 


Mi-ce'lse 


Mo'di-a 


Mu-nych'i-se 


Mel-a-nos'y-ri 


Mer-cu'ri-us 


Mi-cip'sa 


Mod'o-nus 


Mu-rjt'na 


Me-lan'tbi-i 


Me-ri'o-nes 


Mic'i-te 


Moa'ci-a 


Mu-re'tns 


Me-lan'tbi-us 


Mer'me-ros 


Mi-cy'tbus 


Mce'nus 


Mnr-gan'ti-a 


Me-lan'tbus, -tho 


Merm'na-dse 


Mid-a-i'on 


Mce'di 


Mnr-ra'nns 


Me'las 


Mer'mo-das 


Mi'das 


Moe'on 


Mur-rbe'nus 


Mel-eom'a-ni 


Mer'o-e 


Mi'e-za 


Mo3-on / i-des 


Mur'ti-a 


Me-le-a'ger 


Mer'o-pe 


Mi-la'ni-on 


M^e'ra 


Mu'sa 


Me-le-ag'ri-des 


Mer'o-pis 


Mi-le'si-us, -i 


Mce-rag'e-tes 


Mu-sse'us 


Mel-e-san'der 


Me'rops 


Mi-le'ti-a 


Moe'ris 


Mu-sag'e-tes 


Me/les 


Me'ros 


Mi-le'ti-um 


Moe'si-a 


Mu-se'a 


Mel'e-se 


Mer'u-la 


Mi-le'tus 


Mo-gun'ti-a 


Mu-se'um 


Mel-e-sig'e-nes, 


Me-sab'a-tes 


MiL'i-as 


Mo-gy'ni 


Mu-so'ni-us 


or -na 


Me-sa'bi-us 


Mil'i-chus 


Mo-li'a, -le-'a 


Mus-te'la 


Mel'e-te 


Me-sa'pi-a 


Mi-li'nus 


Mo-li'on 


Mu'ta 


Me'li-a 


Me-sau'bi-us 


Mil-i-o'ni-a 


Mo-li'o-ne 


Mii-tbiinus 


Me-lib'o-eus 


Me-sem / bri-a 


Mil-iz-i-ge'ris 


Mo'lo 


Mu-ti'ea 


Mel-i-boe'us, -a 


Me-se'ne 


Mi'lo 


Mo-loe'is 


Mu-til'i-a 


Mel-i-cer'ta 


Me-sob'o-a 


Mi-lo'ni-us 


Mo-loi^chus 


MiFti-na 


Mel'i-chus 


Mes-o-me'des 


Mil-ti'a-des 


Mo-los'sia, or -sis 


Mu-ti'iia 


Me'li-e 


Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a 


Mil'vi-us 


Mo-los'sus, -i , 


Mu-ti'nes 


Mel-i-gu'nis 


Mes-sab'a-tae 


Mil'y-as 


Mol-pa'di-a 


Mu-ti'nua 


Me-li'na 


Mes-sa'la 


Mi-mal'lo-nes 


Mo'lus 


Mu'ti-ns, -a 


Mel'i-nus 


Mes-sa-li'nus, -a 


Mi'mas 


Mol-y-ere'um 


Mu-tu'nus 


Mel'i-se 


Mes-sa'na 


Mim-ne'dus 


Mo-lye'ri-a 


Mu-tus'cae 


Me-lis'sus, -sa 


Mes-sa'pi-a 


Mim-ner'irms 


Mo-lye-'ri-on 


Mu-ze'ris 


Mel'i-ta, or -te 


Mes-sa'pus 


Min'ci-us 


Mo-ly'rus 


My-a'grus 


Mel-i-te'na, -ne 


Mes'sa-tis 


Min'da-rus 


Mo-mem'pbis 


Mye'a-Ie 


Mel'i-tus 


Mes-se'is 


Mi-ne'i-des 


Mo'mus 


My^-a-les'sus 


Me'li-us 


Mes-se'ne, or -na 


Mi-ner'va 


Mo'na 


My-ce'nae 


Mel-ix-an'drus 


Mes-se'ni-a 


Min-er-va'li-a 


Mon-a-cbi^m 


Myc-e-ri'nus 


Me-lob'o-sis 


Mes'o-a 


Min'i-o 


Mo-na^'ses 


Myc-i-ber'na 


Me'lon 


Mes-so'gis 


Min-nos'i 


Mo-dp'sus 


Myc'i-tbus 


Me'los 


Me-sn'la 


Mi-no'a 


Mo-ne'ta 


My'con 


Mel'pi-a 


Met'a-bus 


Mi-no'is 


Mon'i-ea 


My« / o-ne, or 


Mel-pom / o-ne 


Met-a-git/ni-a 


Mi'nos 


Mon'i-mus, -ma 


-DOS 


Me-mac'e-ni 


Met'a-gon 


Min-o-tau'rus 


Mon-o-dae'ty-lus 


My'don 


Mem'mi-us, -a 


Met-a-mor-pbo'sis 


Min-tur'nse 


Mor/o-dus 


My-ec'pbo-ris 


Mem'no-nes 


Met-a-m'ra 


Mi-nu'ti-us, -a 


Mo-noe'eus 


My-e'nus 


Mem-no-ni'um 


Met-a-pon-ti / ni 


Min'y-33 


Mo-no'le-us 


Myg'a-le 


Mem-no'm-us 


Met-a-pon'tum 


Min'y-as 


Mon'o-mus 


Myg'do-nes 


Mem-pbi'tis, -tes 


Met-a-pon'tus 


Min'y-cus 


Mo-noph'a-ge 


Myg-do'ni-a 


Me'na, or -nes 


Me-tau'rus 


Mi-ny'i-a 


Mo-nopb'i-lus 


Myg-do'mis 


Me-nal'sas 


Me-te'lis 


Min'y-tus 


Mo-nos'ce-li 


My-i'a-gius 


Me-nal'ci-das 


Me-tel'la 


Mir'a-ces 


Mon-o-the-li / tje 


My-las'sa 


Men-a-lip'pus, -pe 
Me-nan'der 


Me-tellus, -la 


Mis'ce-ra 


Mon-ta'nus 


My'le, or -las 


Me-temp-sy-cbo'sis 


Mi-se'num 


Mon'y-cbus 


Myles 


Men-an-dre'us 


Met-e-re'a 


Mi-se'nus 


Mor/y-mus 


My-lit/ta 


Men'a-pi 


Meth'a-na 


Mis-ge'tes 


Mo'phis 


Myn'do-nes 


Me-na'pi-i 


Me-tbar'ma 


Mi-si tb'e-us 


Mop'si-um 


My'nes 


Men'a-pis 


Me-tbi'on 


Mith-ra-cen'ses 


Mop-so'pi-a 


Myn'i-ai 


Me'nas 


Me-tbo'di-us 


Mitb-ra-da'tes 


Mop'so-pns 


My'o-nes 


Men-cbe'res 


Me-tbo'ne 


Mi'thras 


Mop-su-es'ti-a 


My-o-ne'sus 


Me-ne'eles 


Metb'o-ra 


Mi-thre'nes 


Mor-gan'ti-um 


My-o'ni-a 


Men-e-eli'des 


Me-thyd'ri-um 


Mith-ri-da'tes, -tis 


Mor-ge'tes 


My'ra 


Men-e-eo'lus 


Me-thym'na 


Mitb-ro-bar-za'nes 


Mor-i-me'rie 


Myr'a-ces 


Me-nee'ra-tes 


Me-ti-a-du'sa 


Mit-y-le r ne 


Mor'i-ni 


Myr'ge-tse 


Men-e-de'mus 


Me-tilis 


Mi'tys 


Mo-ri-tas'gus 


My-ri'ce 


Me-neg'e-tas 


Me-til'i-us, -a, -i 


Mi-zse / i 


Mo'ri-us 


My-ri^us, -ea 


Men-e-la-i'a 


Me-ti'o-cbus 


Mna-saFces 


Mor'phe-us 


Myr'i-ce 


Men-e-la'us 


Me'ti-on 


Mna'se-as 


Mo'rys 


Myr-i-on / y-ma 


Me-ne'ni-us 


Me'tis 


Mnas'i-eles 


Mo'sa 


Myr-le'a 


Men'e-pbron 


Me-tis'eus 


Mna-sip'pi-das 


Mos'cbi-on 


Myr-mec / i-des 


Me'nes 


Me'ti-us 


Mna-sip'pus 


Mos-cho-pu^us 


Myr-me'ci-um 


Me-nes'tbe-us, 


Me-tce'ci-a 


Mna-sitb'e-us 


Mo-seFla 


Myr-mid'o-nes 


Me-nes'te-us 


Me'ton 


Mna'son 


Mo-ses 


My'ron 


Me-nes'tbi-us 


Met'o-res 


Mna-sy'lus 


Mo-sycblus 


My-ro-iii-a'nns 


Men'e-tas 


Me'tra 


Mna-syr'i-um 


Mos-y-nse'ci 


My-ron'i-des 


Me-nip'pi-des 


Me-tra-gyr'te 


Mne-mi'um 


Mo-sy'iii 


My-ro'nus 


Me-nip'pus, -pa 


Me-tro'a 


Mne'mon 


Mo-tbo'iie 


Myr'rbi-iiiis 


Me'ni-us 


Me-tro'bi-us 


1^116-11108^-06 


Mo-ti-e'ni 


Myr'si-lus 


Me-nod'o-tus 


Met/ro-eles 


Mne-sai-'chus 


Mo-ty'a 


Myr'si-nus 


Me-nce'ce-us 


Met-ro-do'rus 


Mnes-i-bu'lus 


Mo'y-ses 


Myr'ta-le 


Me-nce'tes 


Me-tropb'a-nes 


Mnes-i-la'us 


Mu-ci-a / nus 


Myr'te-a 


Men-oe-ti'a-des 


Me-trop'o-lis 


Mn e -sim'a-cbus, 


Mu'ci-us 


Myr'ti-lus 


He-nce'ti-ua 


Met/ti-us 


-cbe 


Mu'eras 


Myr-to'um 



OA 


OB 


oc 


OC 


OC 545 


Myr-tun'ti-um 


Mys-cel'lus 


My-so-ma-ccd'o- 


My'son 


Myt-i-lc'ne 


Myr-tu'sa 


Mys'i-a | 


nea 


Mytb'e-cus 


My'us 


NAB-AR-ZA'NES 


Ne-se'thus 


Ne're-us 


Ni-eos'tra-tus, -ta 


No'tus 


Nab-a-thaa'a 


Ne-al'ces 


Ne-ri-e'ne 


Ni€-o-te-le'a 


No-va'ri-a 


Nab'a-tbes 


Ne-al'i-ces 


Ner'i-pbus 


Ni-€ot/e-les 


No-va'tus 


Na'bis 


Ne-an-dri'a 


Ne-ri'tte 


Ni'ger 


Nov-em-pa'gi 


Nae'o-le 


Ne-an'tbes 


Ner'i-tos 


Ni-gid'i-us 


Nov-em-pop'u-lis 


Nae'o-ne 


Ne-ap'a-pbos 
Ne-ap'o-lis 


Ne'ri-us 


Ni-gre'tes 


No-vcm'si-les 


Na-dag'a-ra 


Nefro 


Ni-gri'tffl 


Nov'e-rufl 


Na>'ni-a 


Ne-ar'chus 


Ne-ro'ni-a 


Ni-la'mon 


No-ve'si-um 


Nae'vi-us, -a 


Ne-bro'des 


Ner-to-brig'i-a 


Nil'e-us 


No-vi-o-du / num 


Nav'o-lus 


Ne-bropb'o-nos, 


Ner'u-lum 


Ni-li'a-€U3 


Ko-vi-oni / a-gus 


Na-ge'ri 


-nus 


Ner'va 


Ni-lo'tia 


NoM-um 


Na-bar'va-li 


Neb'u-la 


Ner'vi-i 


M'lus 


N(/vi-us 


Na-i'a-des 


Ne'cbos 


Ne-sa'a 


Nin'i-ve 


Nov-o-eo'mura 


Na'i-as 


Ne-crop'o-lis 


Ne-si'des 


Nin'i-as 


No-vom'a-gus 


Na'i-eus 


Nee-ta-ne'bus, 


Ne-sirn'a-cbus 


Nin'ni-us 


Nu-ce'ri-a 


Na'is 


Nee-tan'a-bia 


Ne-si-o'pe 


Nin'o-e 


Nu-itb'o-nes 


Na-is'sus 


Nee-ti-be'res 


Ne'sis 


Ni'nus 


Nu'ma 


Nam-ne'tes 


Ne-cys'i-a 


Ne-so'pe 


Nin'y-as 


Nu-ma'na 


Na-pae'ae 


Ne'is 


Nes'pe-tos 


Ni'o-be 


Nu-man'ti-a 


Na-pa'ta 


Ne-i'taa 


Nes-so'nis 


Ni-pbffi'us 


Nu-man-ti'nus, 


Na-pe'gus 


Nele-us 


Nes'to-eles 


Ni-pha'tes 


-na 


Napb'i-lus 


Ne-li'des 


Nes-tor'i-des 


Ni'pbe 


Nu-ma'nus 


Nar-bo'na 


Ne'lo 


Nes-to'ri-us 


Mr'e-us 


Nu'me-nes 


Nar-bo-nen'sis 


Ne-mie'a (games) 


Ne'tum 


Ni'sa 


Nu-me'ni-a 


Nar-cte'us 


Ne'ine-a (town) 


Ne'u-ri 


Ni-sa3 / a 


Nu-me'ni-us 


Nar-ce'a 


Ne-me-si-a'nus 


Ni-'cae'a 


Ni-sffi'e 


Nu-rne-ri-a'nus 


Nar-cis'sua 


Nem'e-sis 


Ni-cren'e-tua 


Ni-se'i-a 


Nu-me'ri-us, -a 


Nar'ga-ra 


Ne-me'si-us 


Ni-eag'o-ras 


Nis'i-bis 


Nu-mic'i-us 


Na-ris'ci 


Nem'e-tes 


Ni-ean'detf 


Ni-so'pe 


Nu-mi r €us 


Nar'ni-a, or Nar-na 


Ne-me'us 


Ni-ea'nor 


M'sus 


Nu'mi-da 


Nar-tbe'cis 


Nem-o-ra'li-a 


Ni-sar'cbus 


Ni-sy'ros, -rus 


Nu-mid'i-a 


!Na-ryc'i-a 


Ne-mos'sus 


M-ear'e-te 


M-te'tis 


Nu-mid'i-us 


Nas'a-mon 


Ne-o-bule 


Nie-ar-tbi'des 


Nit-i-ob'ri-ges 


i^u-mis'tro 


Nas-a-mo'nes 


Ne-o-caes-a-re'a 


Ni-€a'tor 


Ni-to'eris 


Nu'mi-tor 


Nas'ci-o, or 


Ne-ocb'a-bis 


M-eat/o-ria 


Nit'ri-a 


Nu-mi-to'ri-us 


Na'ti-o 


Ne'o-eles 


Ni'ce 


Ni-va'ri-a 


Nu-mo'ni-us 


Na-si'ca 


Ne-o-eli'des 


Nic'e-a 


No'as 


Nun-€o're-us 


Na-sid-i-e'nus 


Ne-o-eo'rus 


Nic-e-pbo'ri-uni 


Noc-ti-ln^a 


Nun'di-na . 


Na-sid'i-us 


Ne-og'e-nes 


Nic-e-pbo'ri-us 


JSTo-di'mis 


Nur'sci-a 


Na'so 


Ne-om'a-gus 


Ni-cepn'o-rus 


No-e'mon 


Nur'si-a 


Na'sus 


Ne-o-me'ni-a 


Ni'cer 


Nola 


Nu'tri-a 


Nas'u-a 


Ne-om'o-ris 


Ni-cer'a-tus 


No-la'nus 


Nye-te'is 


Na-ta'li-a 


NVon 


Nic'e-ros 


Nom'a-des 


N^-te'li-us, -a 


Nau'bo-lus 


Ne-on-ti'cbus, 


Ni-ce'tas 


No'mte 


Ny€'te-us 


Nau'eles 


-chos 


Mc-e-te'ri-a 


Nom-en-ta'nus 


Nye'ti-lns 


Nau'era-tes 


Ne'o-pbron 


Nic'i-a 


No-men'tum 


Nye-tim'e-ne 


Nau'era-tis 


Ne-op-tol'e-mus 


Mc'i-as 


No-mi'on 


Nye'ti-mus 


Nan-cy'des 


Ne'o-ris 


Ni-cip'pus, -pe 


No'ttii-us, -i 


Nym-bae'um 


Nau'lo-cbus 


Ne-o'tbe-us 


M'eo 


No-mopb / y-lax 


Nym-pbaj'um 


Nau-pae'tus, or 


Ne'pe 


Nie-o-bulus 


No-motb / e-tte 


Nym-ph* / ns 


-turn 


Nep'e-te 


Ni-eocb'a-res 


Non-a-eri'nus 


Nym-pbid'i-ns 


Nau'pli-a 


Ne-pbali-a 
Nepb'e-le, -le'is 


Me'o-eles 


No-na'eris 


Nym-pho-do'rus 


Nau-pli'a-des 


M-eoe'ra-tes 


No'ni-us 


Nym-pho-lep'tes 


Nau'pli-us 


Nepb-e-ri'tes 


Ni-eo'ere-on 


Non'ni-us 


Nym-phom'a-nes 


Nau-por'tus 


Ne'pbus 


Nic-o-de'mus 


No-'nus 


Nyp'si-us 


Nau'ra 


Ne'pi-a 


Nie-o-do'rus 


No'pi-a 


Ny'sa 


Nau-sie'a-a 


Ne'pos 


Ni-eod'ro-mus 


No'ra 


Ny-saj'us 


Nau-si«'a-o 


Ne-po-ti-a'nus 


Nie-o-la'us 


No'rax 


Ny'sas 


Nau'si-eles 


Nep-tu'ni-a 


Ni-eoDa'a-cbus, 


Nor-ba'nus 


Ny-se'um 


Nau-sim'e-nes 


Nep-tu-ni'ne 


-cha 


No-ric / i-i 


Ny-se'i-um 


Nau-si-ni'eus 


Nep-tu'ni-um 


Nie-o-me'des 


Nor'i-eum 


Ny-si'a-des 


Nau-sitb'o-us, -e 


Nep-tu'ni-us 


Nie-o-me-di'a 


Nor-thip'pus 


Nys'i-ae 


Nau'tes 


Nep-tu / nu3 


M'eon 


Nor'ti-a 


Nys'i-as 


Na'va 


Ne-re'i-des 


Ni-eo'ni-a 


Nos-o-eo-mi'um 


Ny-sig'e-na 


Na'vi-ns 


Ne-re'is, or 


Ni-eopb'a-nes 


Nos'o-ra 


Ny-si'ros 


Nax'os 


Ne're-is 


Nie'o-pbron 


No'tbus 


Nys'i-us 


Ne-ae'ra 


Ne-re'i-us 


Ni-cop'o-lis 

0. 


No-ti'um 




O-A'KI-ON 


O-ax'es 


Ob'se-quens 


O-ce-an'i-dee, 


O-ce-'i-a 


O-ar'ses 


O-ax'us 


Ob-ul-tro'ni-us 


O-ce-an-it'i-des 


O-ce'lis 


O'a-rus 


Ob'o-da 


0-€a'le-a, -li-a 


O-ce-an-i'tis 


O-ceFlus 


O'a-sis 

I 


Ob'ri-mo 


O-ce'a-na 
Mm 


O-ce'a-nus 


Oc'e-lum 



516 PA 


PA 


mm 


p^: 


PA 


O'cha 


O'fi 


On-cbes'tus 


Or-cbom / e-nus, 


Or-sinus 


O-che'ni-us 


Og-dol'a-pia 


On'cbo-e 


-num 


Or-sil'o-cbua 


O-che'si-us 


Og-do'rus 


O-ne'i-on 


Or-ci'nus 


Or-si'nes 


Och'ro-na 


Og'e-nos 


On-e-sie'ri-tus 


Or-cyn'i-a 


Or-sip'pus 


O'cbus 


O-glo'sa 


O-nes'i-mus 


Or-des^us 


Or'ta-lus 


Och-y-ro'ma 


Og'mi-ua 


On-e-sip'pua 


Or-do-vi'ces 


Or-thay'a 


O-eo'lum 


O-go'a 


O-ne'si-us 


O-reVdes 


Or-tbag'o-ras 
Or'the 


O-erie'ii-lum 


O-gul'ni-a 


On-e-tor'i-des 


O're-as 


O-erid'i-on 


Og'y-ges 


O-ni'on 


O're-os 


Or'thi-a 


O-eris'i-a 


O-gyg'i-a 


O-nPum 


Or-e-si^ro-pbus 


Or-tho'sis 


Oe-ta-cil'li-us 


O-gyg'i-dae 


On'o-ba 


O-res'tas 


Or'thrus 


Oc-ta-yi-a'nus 


Og'y-ris 


On-o-cbo'nus 


O-res'tes 


Or-to'na 


Oe-ta'vi-us, -a 


O-ie'le-us 


On-o-mae'ri-tus 


O-rcs'te-um 


Or-tyg'i-a 


Oe-to-ge'sa 


O-il'e-us 


OA-o-mar'chus 


Or-es-ti'dse 


Or-tyg'i-us 


Oe-tol'o-pbum 


O-i-li'des 


On-o-mas-tor'i- 


Or-es-til'la 


O'rus 


O-cy'a-lus 


Ol'a-ne 


des 


Or'e-tas 


O-ry-aii'der 


O-cyp'e-te 


O-la'nus 


On-o-mas'tus 


Or-e-ta'ni 


O-ry'us 
O'ryx 


O-cyr'o-e 


Ol-be'lus 


On'o-phas, -pbis 


Or-e-tiFi-a 


Od-e-na'tua 


Ol'bi-a 


On-o-san'der 


O're-us 


O-sa'ces 


O-des'sua 


Ol'bi-us 


O-nug'na-tbua 


Or'ga-na 


Os-cho-pbo'Ti-a 


O-de'um 


01-cbin / i-um 


O-ny'tbes 


Or-ges'sum 


Os'ci-us 


O-di'nua 


O-le'a-ros, 


O-pa'li-a 


Or-get/o-rix 


O'si 


O-di'tes 


Ol'i-ros 


O-pel'i-eus 


O-rib'a-sus 


0-sin''i-us 


Od-o-a'cer * 


O-le'a-trum 


O-phe'as 


Or'i-eos 


O-si'ris 


0-do'€a 


Olen 


O-phe'laa 


Or'i-eum, -€us 


O-sis'mi-i 


Od-o-man'ti 


Ol'e-mis, -num 


O-phel'tes 


O'ri-ens 


Os'pha-gua 


Od'o-nes 


O-le-o'rus 


O-pben'sia 


Or'i-gen 


Os-rho-e'ne 


Od'ry-sre 


Ol'e-rus 


O-pbi'a-des 


O-rig'e-nea 


Os-te-o'des 


Od-ys-se'a 


Ol'ga-sys 


O'phi-as 


O-ri'go 


Os'ti-a 


Od-ys-se'um 


Ol-i-gyr'tis 


O-pbi-o'des 


O-ri'ne 


Os-ti-o'nes 


CE-ag'a-rus, 


O-lin'i-iB 


O-phi-og'e-nes 


O-ri'ims 


Os-to'ri-ns 


(E'a-ger 


O-lin'thus 


O-pbi'on 


O-ri-ob'a-tes 


Os-tra-ci'ne 


(E'a-grns 


Ol-i-tin'gi 


O-phi'o-nes 


O-ri'on 


Os-trog'o-thi 


(E-an'thse, 


O-li'zon 


0-phi-o'ne-ua 


O-ris'sus 


Os-y-man'dy-as 


(E-an'tbi-a 


Ol'li-us 


O'phis 


Or-i-sul'la 


Ofa-ces 


(E-an-the'a 


Ol-lov'i-eo 


Oph-i-te'a 


O-rPtse 


Ot-a-cil'i-us 


(E'ax 


Ol'mi-se 


O-pbi'tes 


G-ritM-as 


O-ta'nes 


(E-bali-a 


Ol-mi'ua 


O-phi-u'cbus 


0-rith-y-i r a 


Oth'ma-rus 


(Eb'a-lus 


Ol-mo'nes 


O'pbi-us 


Or-i-thy'os 


O'tho 


(Eb'a-res 


Ol-o-pbyx'ua 


O-phi-u'sa 


O-rit'i-as 


O-thro'nus 


(E-bo'tas 


OPo-rus 


O-phlo'nes 


0-ri-un / dus 


O-thry^-des 


(E-cha'li-a 


Ol-ym-pe'ne 


Oph-ry-ne'um 


O-ri'us 


Otb-ry-o'ne-us 


(E'sle-us 


O-lynPpe-um 


Op'i-ci 


Or'me-nus 


O'tlirys 


(E-eli'des ' 


O-lym'pi-a 


O-pig'e-na 


Or'ne-a 


O-tbrys'i-us 


(Ee-u-me'ni-ua 


Ol-ym-pi'a-des 


O-pil'i-us 


Or-ne'us 


O'tre-us 


(Ed'i-pua 


O-l'ym'pi-as 


O-pim-i-a'nus 


Or-ni'tbon 


O-troe'da 


(E'me 


O-lym'pi-eus 


O-pim'i-us 


Or'ni-tus 


Ot-ryn-tPdea 


CE-nan'tbes 


O-lym-pi-e'um 


O'pis 


Or-nos'pa-des 


Ot-to-roe'o-ra? 


(E'ne 


O-lym-pi-o-do'rus 


Op-is-thoc'o-mse 


Or-nyt'i-on 


O'tus 


(E'ne, -a 


0-lym-pi-o-ni / ces 


Op'i-ter 


Or-o-an'da 


O'tys 


CE-ne-o'ne 


O-lym'pi-us 


Op-i-ter-gi'ni 


Or'o-ba 


0-\i(Yi-v.a 


(E'ne-us 


O-lym'pus 


O-pi'tes 


O-ro'bi-a 


O-vin'i-us, -a 


CE-ni'des 


Ol-ym-pu'sa 


Op'o-is 


O-ro'bi-i 


Ox-ar'tes 


(En'o-e 


O-lyn'tbus 


O-po'pe-tis 


Or'o-bis 


Ox-Pae 


(E-nom'a-us 


O-ly'ras 


O-por'i-nus 


O-ro'des 


Ox-id'a-tes 


(E'non 


O-ly'zon 


Op-pi-a'nus 


O-roe'tes 


Ox'i-ines 


(E-no'na 


O-ma'ri-us 


Op-pid'i-us 


O-rom'e-don 


Ox-i'o-nse 


CE-no'ne 


Om'bri-ci 


Op'pi-us, -a 


O-ron'tas 


Ox'us 


(E-no'pi-a 


Om'bri-os 


0-pun / ti-a 


O-ron'tes 


Ox-y'a-res 


(E-nop'i-des 


Om-bro'nes 


O'pus 


Or-on-te r us 


Ox-y-ea'nus 


CE-no'pi-on 


Om'o-le 


O'ra 


Or-o-pher'nes 


Ox-yd'ra-cse 


(E-no'tri 


Om-o-pba / gi-a 


O-rae'u-lum 


O-ro'pus 


Ox'y-lus 


(E-no'tri-a 


Om'pba-ce 


O-raj'a 


Or'o-sa 


Ox-y-ne r a 


(E-no'trua 


Om'pha-le 


Or'a-sus 


O-ro'si-us 


Ox-y-o'pum 
Ox-yn'thes 


(E-niPsae 


Om'pha-loa 


Or-be'lus 


O-ros'pe-da 


(E'o-nua 


O-nsB'um 


Or-bil'i-us 


Or'pbe-us, or 


Ox-yp-'o-rus 


(Er'o-e 


On'a-ger 


Or-bo'na 


-pheus 


Ox-y-ryn-chi'tse 


CE-sy'me 


O-na'rus 


Or'ea-des 


Or'phi-tus 


Ox-y-ryo'cbus 


CE'ta 


O-nas'i-mus 


Or-cha'lis 


Or-sed'i-ce 


O-zi^es 


(Et/y-lus, -lum 


O-na'tas 


Or'cba-mus 


Or-se'is 


Oz'o-la;, or -li 


O-fel'lua 


On-ce'um 


Or-cbis-te'iie 

P. 






PA-GA-TI-AITCTS 


Pa€-to1us 


Pa-du'sa 


Pa5'o-nes 


Pa-ga r ni 


Pae'ci-ua 


Pae'ty-aa 


Pae'an 


Pse-o'ni-a 


Pag'a-sa?, or -sa 


Pa'cbes 


Pae'ty-es 


Pse-a'nes 


Pa?-on / i-des 


Pag'a-sus 


Pa-cbi'nus 


Pa-eu'vi-us 


Pa3-dar / e-tus 


Pse^-plae 


Pa'grae 


Pa-eo'ni-ua 


Pa-daB'i, -de'i 


Pa/di-us 


Pa/sos 


Pa'gus 


Pae'o-rus 


Pad'u-a 


Pae-ma / ni 


Paj-to'vi-uaJ 


Pa-la'ti-um 


Pae'ti-a 


Pa'dus 


Pae'on 


Paj'tus 


Pa-lae'a 





PA 


PA 


PE 


PE 


PH 547 


Pa-be-ap'o-lis 


Pan-om-pha?'us 


Par-tben-o-pae'us 


Peli-nm 


Per'i-tas 


Pa-beb'y-blus 


Pan/o-pe, -pe'a 


Par-then'o-pe 


Pel-la'naB 


Per-i-to'ni-um 


Pa-lae'mon 


Pa-no'pe-ae 


Par'tbi-a 


Pel-le'ne 


Per-mes'sus 


Pa-laep'a-pbos 


Pan'o-pes 


Par-tbi'ni 


Pel'o-pe 


Pe'ro, Pe-ro'ne 


Pa-L-eph-ar-salus 


Pa-no'pe-us 


Par-thy-e'ne 


Pel-o-pe'a, -pi r a 


Per'o-e 


Pa-laeph'a-tus 


Pa-no'pi-on 


Pa-ry'a-dres 


Pel-o-pe'i-a 


Per'o-la 


Pa-lsep'o-lia 


Pan'o-pis 


Pa-rys'a-des 


Pel-o-pe'ua 


Per-pen'na 


Pa-Uvs'te 


Pa-nop'o-lis 


Par-y-sa'tis 


Pe-lop'i-da3 


Per-pe-re'ne 


Pal-ses-ti'na 


Pa-nop'tes 


Pa-sar'ga-da 


Pe-lo'pi-us 


Per-pho-re'tus 


Pal-aes-ti'nua 


Pa-nor'mus 


Pa'se-as 


Pel-o-pon-ne'sus 


Per-ran'thes 


Pa-bet'y-rus 


Pan-taen'e-tus 


Pas'i-des 


Pelops 


Per-rh*/bi-a 


Pal-a-me'des 


Pan-tag'a-tbus 


Pa-sie'ra-tes 


Pe'lor 


Per-se'is 


Pa-lan'ti-a 


Pan-ta'gi-a 


Pas-i-pe'da 


Pe-lo'ri-a 


Per-Sie'us 


Pa-lan'ti-um 


Pan-tag-nos'tus 


Pa-sipb'a-e 


Pe-lo'rum, or -rus 


Per-se'e 


Pal-a-ti'nus 


Pan-ta'gy-as 


Pa-sipb'i-le 


Pe-lu'si-um 


Per-se'is 


Pa-le'a 


pan-ta'le-on 


Pa-sitb'e-a 


Pe-na'tes 


Per-seph'o-ne 


Pa'le-is, or Palse 


Pan-tau'cbus 


Pa-sitb'o-e 


Pen-da'li-um 


Per-sep'o-lis 


Pales 


Pan'te-us 


Pa-sit'i-gris 


Pe-ne'i-a, Pe'ne-is 


Per'se-us 


Pal-fu'ri-us 


Pan-tbe'a 


Pas'sa-ron 


Pe-ne'i-us 


Per'si-a 


Pa-lib 'o-thra 


Pan'the-on 


Pas-se-ri'nus 


Pe-ne'li-us 


Per'si-us 


Pa-li'ce 


Pan'tbe-us 


Pas-si-e'nus 


Pe-neFo-po 


Per'ti-nax 


Pa-li'ci, or -lis'ci 


Pan-tbi-ea-pse'um 


Pat'a-ge 


Pe-ne'us 


Pe-ru'si-a 


Pa-lil'i-a 


Pan'tbi-des 


Pat'a-lus 


Pen'i-daa 


Per-u-si'nns 


Pa-Mis 


Pan-tho'i-des 


Pat'a-ra 


Pen-tap'o-lis 


Pes-cen'ni-u3 


Pa-lin'dro-mos 


Pan'tho-us 


Pat-a-vi'nus 


Pen-tap'y-lon 


Pes-si'nus 


Pal-i-nu'rus 


Pan-tie'a-pes 


Pa-ta'vi-um 


Pen-ta'thlurn 


Pet'a-le 


Pal-is-eo'rum, 


Pan-til'i-us 


Pa-te'ra? 


Pen-te-dae'ty-lon 


Pe-tali-a 


Pa-li-u'rus 


Pan-tol'a-bus 


Pa-ter'cu-lus 


Pen'te-le 


Pet'a-las 


Pal-lae'o-pas 


Pa-ny'a-sis 


Pat-i-zi'tbes 


Pen-tel'i-eus 


Pe-te'li-a 


Pal'la-des 


Pa-ny'a-sus 


Pa'trae 


Pen-tbe-si-le'a 


Pet-e-li'nus 


Pal-la'di-um 


Pa-pae'u3 


Pa'tro 


Pen'tbe-us 


Pe'te-on 


Pal-la'di-us 


Pa-pba'ges 


Pat''ro-bas 


Pen-tbi'des 


Pe'te-us 


Pal-lan-te'um 


Pa'phi-us, -a 


Pa-tro'eles 


Pen'tbi-lus 


Pe-til'i-i 


Pal-lan'ti-as 


Paph'la-gon 


Pa-tro'cli 


Pen'tby-lus 


Pe-til'i-us, -a 


Pal-lan'ti-des 


Papb-la-go'ni-a 


Pat-ro-eli'des 


Pep-a-re'tbos 


Pet-o-si'ris 


Pal-lan'ti-on 


Pa'pbos 


Pa-tro'elus 


Pe-phre'do 


Pe'tra 


Pal-le'ne 


Pa'pbus 


Pa'tron 


Pe-ras'a 


Pe-traj'a 


Pal-mi'sos 


Pa-pi-a'nus 


Pa-tro'us 


Per-a-sip'pu3 


Pe-tre-i'us 


Pal-my'ra 


Pa'pi-as 


Pa-tul'ci-us 


Per'a-tus 


Pe-tri'num 


Pal'pe-tus 


Pa-pin-i-a'nus 


Pau-li'nus, -a 


Per-eo'pe 


Pe-tro'ni-us, -a 


Pal-phu'ri-us 


Pa-pin'i-us 


Paulus, -a 


Per-€o'si-us 


Pet/ti-us 


Pal-um-bi'num 


Pa-pirl-us, -a 


Pau-sa'ni-as 


Per-eo'te 


Peu'ce 


Pam'me-nes 


Par-a-bys'ton 
Par-a-chel-o-i'tae 


Pau'si-as 


Per-die'eas 


Peu-ced'a-noa 


Pam'phi-lus 


Pau-si-li'pon 


Pe-ren'na 


Peu-ces'tes 


Pam'phy-la 


Par-a-di'sus 


Pa'vor 


Pe-ren'nis 


Peu-ce'ti-a 


Pam-pbyl'i-a 


Pa-raet'a-cse 


Pe'as 


Pe're-us, or 


Peu-ce'ti-i 


Pam-phy'lis 


Par-as-to'ni-i 


Pe-da'ci-a 


Pe'reus 


Peu-ci'ni 


Pan-a-ce'a 


Par-se-to'ni-um 


Pe-dae'us 


Per-ga'me-ua 


Peu-eo-la'as 


PanVera 


Par'a-li 


Pe-da'ni 


Per'ga-mus 


Pes-o-do'rus 


Pa-nae'ti-us 


Par'a-lus 


Pe-da'ni-us 


Per'ga-se 


Pbse'a 


Pan'a-res 


Par-a-po-ta'mi-a 


Ped'a-sa 


Pe-ri-aEt'der 


Pbae-a'ces 


Pa-nar'e-tus 


Pa-ra'si-us, -a 


Ped'a-sus 


Pe-ri-ar'cbua 


Pbaj-a'ci-a 


Pan-a-ris'te 


Par'e-dri 


Pe-di'a-dis 


Per-i-bo3'a 


Pbte'as 


Pan-atb-e-nne'a 


Pa-ren-ta'li-a 


Pe-di-a'nua 


Pe-rib'o-lus 


Pbasd'i-mus 


Pan-cbae'a, -cba'i-a 


Pa-ret'ro-nes 


Pe'di-as 


Per-i-bo'mi-us 


PhaFdon 


Pan-era'ti-um 


Pa'ris 


Pe'di-us 


Per'i-eles 


Phaj'dra 


Pan'da-ma 


Pa-ris'a-des 


Pe'do 


Per-i-elym'e-nus 


Ph^'dri-a 


Pan-da'ri-a 


Pa-ris'i-i 


Pe'dum 


Pe-ri-e-ge'tes 


Pbie'drus 


Pan'da-rus 


Par'i-sus 


Pe'ge 


Pe-ri-e'res 


Pbied'y-ma 


Pan-da-ta'ri-a 


Pa'ri-um 


Pe-gas'i-des 


Pe-rig'e-nes 


Pba?-mon'o-e 


Pan'da-tes 


Pa'ri-us 


Peg'a-sis 


Pe-rig'o-ne 


Pbaa-nag'o-re 


Pan-de'mi-a 


Par'me-nas 


Pag'a-sus 


Per-i-la'us 


Pb;t-nar'e-te 


Pan-de'mus 


Par-men'i-des 


Pe-la'gi-us 


Per-i-le'us 


Pba?'ni-as 


Pan-di'a 


Par-me'ni-o 


Pel'a-gon 


Pe-ril'li-us 


Pba'n-o-me'ri3 


Pan-di'on 


Par'me-no 


Pe-lag'o-nes 


Pe-riHus, -la 


Pbai-oe'o-ines 


Pan-di'o-nis 


Par-na'sus 


Pe-lar'ge 


Per-i-me'de 


Pha^s'a-na 


Pan-do-cbi'um 


Par-nas'sus 


Pe-las'gi 


Per-i-mela 


Pba'e-tbon 


Pan-do'ra 


Par-nes'sus 


Pe-las'gi-a, 


Per-i-mele 


Pba-e-tbon-te r u8 


Pan-do'si-a 


Pa'ron 


-gi-o'tis 


Per-i-mel'i-des 


Pba-e-tbon'ti-us 


Pan'dro-sos 


Par-o-pam / i-sus 


Pe-las'gus 


Pe-rin'tbus 


Pha'e-ton 


Pa'ne-as 


Par-o-re'i-a 


Pel'a-tes 


Per-i-pa-tet'i-ci 


Pba-e-ton-ti'a-dea 


Pa-neg'y-ris 


Pa'ros 


Pe-le'ces 


Pe-rip'a-tus 


Pha-e-tu'sa 


Pan'e-lus 


Par-rba'si-a 


Pe-len'do-nes 


Pe-ripb'a-nes 


Pbaa'us 


Pan'e-nus, 


Par'rba-sis 


Pel-e-tbro'ni-i 


Per^-phas 


Pba-ge'si-a 


Pa-nee'us 


Par-rba'si-us 


Pe-let/ro-nes 


Pe-ripb'a-tus 


Pba'i-nus 


Paa-gse'us 


Par-tba-mis'i-ris 


Pele-us 


Per-i-phe'mus 


Pbal-a-cri'ne 


Pa'ni-a 


Par-tba'on 


Pe-li'a-des 


Per-i-phe'tes 


Pha'lae 


Pa-ni'a-sis 


Par-tbe'ni-se, -i 


Peli-as 


Per-i-pbo-re'taa 


Pha-lre'cus 


Pan-i-ge'ris 


Par-the'ni-as 


Pe-li'des 


Pe-ris'a-des 


Pba-hc'si-a 


Pa-ni-o'ni-um 


Par-tben'i-ce 


Pe-lig'nus, -ni 


Pe-ris'te-re 


Pha-lan'tbus 


Pa'ni-us 


Par-tbe'ni-on 


Pel-i-nse'um 


Pe-ris'tbe-nes 


Pba-la'ra 


Pan-no'ni-a 


Par-tbe'ni-us 


Pol-i-nns'us 


Pe-ris'ty-lum 


Pbal'a-ris 


Pan'no-nes 


Par'tbe-non 


Pe'li-on 1 


Pe-rit/a-nus 


Pba-la'rus 





548 PH 



PH 



PH 



PI 



PL 



Pbal'ci-don 

Pba'le-as 

Pba-le're-ua 

Pba-le'ri-a 

Pba-le'ria 

Pba-le'rum 

Pba-le'rua 

Pbali-as 

PbaFli-ea 

Pba-lo're 

Pba-lys'i-us 

Pbam-e-no'pbis 

Pba-na'ces 

Pba-nse'us 

Pba-nag'o-ra 

Pban-a-rae'a 

Pba'nas 

Pba-na'tes 

Pha'nes 

Pba'ni-um 

Pban'o-eles 

Pban-o-de'mua 

Pban'o-tis 

Pban-ta'si-a 

Pba'nus 

Pba'on 

Pba'ra 

pba-rac'i-des 

Pba'rre 

Pbar'a-o 

Pba-ras'ma-nes 

Pba'rax 

Pbar-belus 

Pbar-ce'don 

Pba'ria 

Pha'Ti-us 

Pbar-me-eu'sa 

Pbar-na-ba'zua 

Pbar-na'ce 

Pbar-na'ce-a 

Pbar'na-ces 

Phar-na'ci-a 

Phar-na-pa'tes 

Pbar-nas'pes 

Pba'ros 

Phar-aali-a 

Pbar-sa'lua 

Pba'rus 

Pba-ru'si-i 

Pbar'y-bus 

Pba-rye'a-don 

Pbar'y-ge 

Phas-a-elia 

Pba-se'lis 

Pba-si-a'na 

Pba'si-as 

Pba'sis 

Pbau'da 

Phav-o-ri'nus 

Pba-yPlus 

Pbe'a, or Pbe'i-a 

Pbe-ea'dum 

Pbe-ge'a 

Pbe'ge-ua 

Pbelli-a 

Pbello-e 

Pbe'mi-us, -se 

Pbe-mon'o-e 

Pben-e-be'tbis 

Phe-rje'um 

Phe-ne'us (a man) 

Pbe'ne-us (a lake) 

Pbe'rte 

Pbe-rse'us 

Pbe-rau'les 

Pbe-re'elua 

Pbe-ree'ra-tes 

Pber-e-cy'a-dae 

Pber-e-cy'des 

Pher-en-da'tes 

Pber-e-ni / ce 

Pbe-repb'a-te 

Pbe'res 



Pbe-re'ti-as 

Pber-e-ti'ma 

Pbe-ri'num 

Pbe'ron 

Pbi'a-le 

Pbi-a'li-a 

Pbi'a-lus 

Phi-ce'on 

Pbis'o-res 

Pbid'i-as 

Pbid'i-le 

Pbi-dip'pi-des 

Phi-dit/i-a 

Pbi-do'laa 

Pbi'don 

Pbid'y-le 

Pbig-a-le'a 

Pbi-aja'le-i 

Pbi'fa 

Pbil-a-del-pbi'a 

Pbil-a-deFpbus 

Pbi'lse 

Pbi-lre'rii 

Phi-be'us 

Pbi-la'rnon 

Phi-lam'mon 

Pbi-lar'cbus 

Pbi-lar'e-tus 

Pbi-lar'gy-rua 

Pbil'e-aa 

Pbi-le'inon 

Pbi-le'ne 

Pbi-le'ria 

Pbil'e-ros 

Pbi-le'si-ua 

Pbil-e-tie'rus 

Pbi-le'taa 

Phi-le'ti-us 

Pbil'i-das 

Pbil'i-des 

Pbi-lin'na 

Pbi-li'nus 

Pbil-ip-pe'ua 

Pbi-lip'pi 

Pbi-lip'pi-des 

Pbil-ip-pop'o-lia 

Pbi-lip'pus 

Pbi-lis'-eua 

Phil-is-ti'des 

Pbi-lis'ti-o 

Pbi-lis'ti-on 

Pbi-lis'tua 

Pbi'lo 

Pbil-o-boe-o'tus 

Pbi-locb'o-rua 

Pbil'o-eles 

Phi-loe'ra-tes 

Pbil-oe-te'tes 

Pbil-o-cy'prus 

Pbibo-da-me'a 

Pbil-o-de'mus 

Phi-lod'i-ce 

Pbil-o-du'liis 

Pbil-o-la'us 

Pbi-lol'o-gus 

Pbi-lom'a-cbe 

Pbi-lom'bro-tua 

Phil-o-me / di-a 

Pbil-o-me'dus 

Pbil-o-me'la 

Pbil-o-ine'lua 

Phil-o-me'tor 

Pbil-o-rnu/sua 

Pbi'lon 

Pbi-lon'i-des 

PbiFo-nia 

Pbi-lon'o-e 

Pbi-lon'o-mus, 

-me 
Pbil'o-nua 
Pbi-lop / a-tor 
Pbi-lo'pbi-on 
Phil'o-pbron 



Pbil-o-pce'men 

Phi-lop'o-nus 

Pbil-o-ro / mua 

Pbil-o-stepb'a-n 

Pbi-los'tra-tus 

Pbi-lo'tas 

Pbi-lot/e-ra 

Pbi-lo'the-a 

Pbil-o-tbe'rua 

Pbil-o-ti'mus 

Pbi-lo'tis 

Pbi-lox'e-nus 

Pbi-lyFli-ua 

Pbil'y-ra 

PhiFy-res 

Pbi-lyr'i-des 

Pbi-ne'um 

Phin'e-us, -e'ua 

(adj.) 
Pbi-ni'dea 
Phin'ti-a 
Pbin'ti-as 
Pbleg'e-laa 
Pbleg'e-tbon 
Phle'gi-aa 
Pble'gon 
Pble'gra 
Pble'gy-a, -93 
Phle'gy-aa 
Pbli'aa 
Pbli-a'si-a 
Pbli'us 
Pblce'ua 
Pblo'gi-ua 
Pbo-be'tor 
Pbo'bos 
Pho-cas'a 
Pho-ea'i-eua 
Pboe'a-is 
Pbo-cen'ses 
Pboc'i-ci 
Pbo-ciFi-des 
Pbo'ci-on 
Pbo'cis 
Pbc/eus 
Pho-cyyi-des 
Pboe'be 
Pboe-be r u3 
Pbceb'i-das 
Phoe-big'e-na 
Pboe'bus 
Pboe'mos 
Pboe-ni'ce, 

-nic'i-a 
Pbce-ni'ces 
Pbce-nic'e-us 
Pboe-nic'i-des 
Phce-ni'eus 
Phcen-i-eu / sa 
Phce-nis'sa 
Pboe'nix 
Phcs'te-um 
PhoFo-e 
Pbo^us 
Pho-mo'this 
Pbor-cy'nis 
Pboi-'mi-o 
Pbo-ro'ne-us 
Pbor-o-ne'us 

(adj.) 
Pbor-o-ni r d8e 
Pbo-ro'nis 
Pbo-ro'ni-um 
Pbos'pbo-rus 
Pbo-ti'mia 
Pbo'ti-us 
Pbox'us 
Pbra-a'tes 
Pbra-at'i-ces 
Pbra-da'tes 
Pbra-gan'dse 
Pbra-ba'tes 
Pbra-nie'a-tes 



Pbra-or'tes 

Pbras'i-eles 

Pbras'i-mus 

Phra'si-us 

Phrat-a-pber'nes 

Pbre-ge'na 

Pbri-a-pa'ti-us 

Pbric'i-on 

Pbrix'us 

Pbron'i-ma 

Phru-gun-di'o-nes 

Pbru'ri 

Phry'ges 

Pbryg'i-a 

Phryg'i-us 

Pbiy'ne 

Phryn'i-eus 

Pbry'riis 

Phry'no 

Pbryx-e r us 

Phryx^s 

PbtbFa 

Phtbi-o'tia 

Phy'a 

Phy-a r ces 

Phy^us 

Pbyg'e-la 

Pbyl'a-ce 

Pbyl-a-ce'ua 

Pbyl'a-eus 

Pby-lai^cbua 

Phy'las 

Phy'le 

Phyl'e-is 

Pby-le'us 

Pby-li'des 

Phyl'i-ra 

Pbyl-la'li-a 

Phyl-le'i-us 

PhyPli-us 

Phyl-lod'o-ce 

Pbjr-rom/a-cbus 

Pbys-ceFla 

Pbys^o-a 

Phy-taVi-des 

Pbyfa-lus 

Pby-te r um 

Phy'ton 

Pbyx'i-um 

Pi'a, or Pi-a'li-a 

Pi'a-sus 

Pi-ce'ni 

Pi-cen'ti-a 

Pic-en-ti'ni 

Pi-ce'num 

Pi^ra 

Pie-ta'vi 

Pie-ta'vi-um 

Pie'to-nes 

PFeus 

Pi-do'TOS 

Pi-dy'tes 

Pi'e-lus 

Pi'e-ra 

Pi-e'ri-a 

Pi-er'i-des 

Pi'e-ris 

Pi'e-rus 

Pi'e-tas 

Pi'gres 

Pi-la'tus 

Pi-le'sus 

Pi-lo'rus 

Pi-lum'nua 

Pim-ple^ 

Pim-ple'i-des 

Pim-pra r na 

Pin'a-re 

Pi-na'ri-ua 

Pin'a-rus 

Pin'da-rus 

Piri'da-sua 

Pin-de-nis'sna 



Pin-'tbi-aa 
Pi'o-ne 
Pi-o'iii-a 
Pi'o-nis 

Pi-rse'us, -rse'e-ua 
Pi-re'ne 
Pi-ri'eus 
Pi-ritb'o-us 
Pi-ro'mis 
Pi'rus 
Pi-rus'tae 
Pi'sa 
Pi'sae 
Pi-saa'ua 
Pi-sari'der 
Pi-sa'nus 
Pi-sa'tes, -S83 x i 
Pi-sau'rua 
Pi-se'nor 
Pis'e-us 
Pis'i-as 
Pis'i-daa 
Pi-sid'i-a 
Pi-sid'i-ce 
Pi'sis 

Pis-is-trat'i-dae 
Pis-is-trat'i-des 
Pi-sis'tra-tus 
PFso 
Pi-sc/nis 
Pis'si-rua 
Pi'sus 
Pi-sutb-'nes 
Pit'a-ne 
Pi-tbe'eon 
Pith-e-eu'sa, -833 
Pitb'e-us 
Pi'tbo 
Pitb-o-la'ua 
Pi-tbo'Ie-on 
Pi'tbon 
Pi'tbys 
Pit'ta-eua 
Pit'tbe-a 
Pit-tbe'is 
Pit'tbe-ua 
Pit-u-a'ni-ua 
Pit-u-la'ni 
Pit-y-^a 
Pit-y-as'sua 
Pit-y-o-ne'sua 
Pit'y-us 
Pit-y-u'sa 
Pla-'cen'ti-a 
PIa-cid-e-i-a / nua 
Pla-cid'i-us, -a 
Pla-na'si-a 
Plan-ci'na 
Pla-taa'a 
Pla-tsTe^se 
Plat'a-ge 
Plat-a-mo'des 
Fla-ta'ni-us 
Plat'a-nus 
Pla-te'a 
Pla-te'83 
Pla'to 
Pla-ton'i-ci 
Plau-ti-a'nus 
Plau-til'la 
Plau'ti-ua, -a 
Plau'tus 
Pla'vis 

Pleb-is-ei'tum 
Plei'a-des, or 
Ple-Fa-des 
Ple'i-as 
Plei'o-ne 
Plem-myr'i-um 
Plem'ne-us 
Pleu-mo'si-i 
Pleu-ra'tus 
Pleu'ron 





PO 


PO 


PR 


PT 


PY 519 


Flex-au're 


Pol-y-ere'ta, or 


Por'ti-us, -a 


Pro-er'na 


Pto-chi'um 


Plex-ip'pus 


-eri'ta 


Por-tum-nali-a 


Prcefi-des 


Ptol-e-der'ma 


Plin'i-us 


Po-lye'ri-tus 


Por-tuin'nus 


Proe'tus 


Ptol-e-mae'um 


Plin'thi-ne 


Po-lye'tor 


Por-tu'nus 


Pro-la'us 


Ptol-e-inae'us 


Plis-tar'chus 


Pol-y-dit'mon 


Po'rus 


Pron^a-chus 


Ptol-e-ina'is 


PhVtha-nus 


Po-lyd'a-mas 


Po-sid'e-on 


Pro-math 'i-das 


Ptol'y-€us 


Plis'the-nes 


Pol-y-dam'na 


Po-si'des 


Pro-ma'thi-on 


Pto'us 


Plis-ti'nus 


Pol-y-dee'tes 


Pos-i-de'um 


Prom'e-don 


Pub-lic'l-us, -a 


Plis-to'a-nax, or 


Pol-y-deu-ce'a 


Po-si'don 


Prom-e-naj'a 


Pub-lie'o-la 


-to'nax 


Pol-y-do'rus, -ra 


Pos-i-do'ni-a 


Pro-me'the-i 


Pub'li-us 


Plis-to-ni / ces 


Pol-y-gi'ton 


Pos-i-do'ni-us 


Pro-me'the-us 


Pu-di'ca 


Plis-to-ni'eus 


Po-lyg'i-us 


Po'si-o 


Pro-me'this, 


Pul-che'ri-a 


Plo'tas 


Pol-yg-no'tus 


Pos-si-do'ni-um 


Prom-e-thi'des 


Pu'ni-eum 


Plo-the'a 


Po-lyg'o-nus 


Post-hu'mi-us, -a 


Prom'e-thus 


Pu'pi-us 


Plot-i-nop'o-lis 


Po-ly-hym'ni-a, 


Post/hu-mus 


Prom / u-lus 


Pu-pi-e'nus 


Plo-ti'nus, -a 


Po-lym'ni-a 


Pos-tu'mi-us 


Pro-nap'i-des 


Pup'pi-us 


Plo'ti-us 


Po-ly-id'i-us 


Post-ver'ta 


Pro-na'um 


Pu-te'o-li 


Plu-tar'chus 


Po-ly-i'dus 


Po-tam'i-des 


Pro'nax 


Py-a-nep'si-a 


Plu'ti-a 


Pol-y-la / us 


Pot/a-mon 


Pron'o-mus - 


Pyg'e-la 


Plu'to 


Po-lym'e-nes 


Pofa-mus 


Pron'o-us, -e 


Pyg-mae'I 


Plu-to'ni-um 


Pol-y-me'de 


Po-thi'nua 


Pron'u-ba 


Pyg-moe'cn 


Plu'tus 


Po-lym'e-don 


Po'tbos 


Pro-per'ti-us 


Pyg-ma'li-on 


Plu'vi-us 


Pol-y-me'la 


Pot-i-dae'a 


Pro-poat'i-des 


Pyl'a-des 


Plyn-te'ri-a 


Pol-ym-nes'tes 


Po-ti'na 


Pro-pon'tis 


Py'ltB 


Pneb'e-bis 


Pol-ym-nes'tor 


Po-tit'i-us 


Prop-y-le'a 


Py-^m^-neg 


Pnig'e-us 


Pol-y-ni'ces 


Pot-ni'a-des 


Pros-chys'ti-us 


Py-lag'o-ras 


Po-blic'i-us 


Po-lyn'o-e 


Pot'ni-aa 


Pros-e-le'Di 


Py-la'on 


Pod-a-le'a 


PoFy-nus 


Prae'ti-um 


Pro-seFy-tus 


Py-lar'ge 


Pod-a-lir'i-us 


Pol-y-pe'mon 


Pne'ci-a 


Pro-ser'pi-na 


Py-lar'tes 


Po-dar'ces, -ce 


Pol-y-per'chon 


Prae-nes'te 


Pro-sa'pis 


Py'las 


Po-da'res 


Pol-y-phe'mus 


Pnen-es-ti'ni 


Pros-o-pi'tes 


Py-le'ne 


Po-dar'ge 


Pol-y-phon'tes 


Prae'sos 


Pro-sym'na 


Pyl'e-us 


Po-dar'gus 


Pol'y-phron 


Prae-tu'ti-um 


Pro-tag'o-ras 


PyFi-us 


Poe'as 


Pol-y-poe'tes 


Pram'ni-um, adj. 


Prot-a-gor'i-des 


Pyl'le-on 


Poec'i-le 


Pol'y-ren 


[-i'um, n.] 


Pro-tes-i-la'us 


Py^o 


Poem'e-nis 


Pol-y-steph'a-nus 


Pra'si-i 


Pro'te-us 


Py'los 


Pce'ni 


Po-lys'tra-tus 


Pras'i-nus 


Pro'tbe-us 


Py'lus 


Pcen'i-eus 


Pol-y-tecb'nus 


Prat/i-nas 


Proth-o-e'nor 


Pym'a-tus 


Poe'on 


Po-ly'tes 


Prax-ag'o-ras 


Proth'o-us 


Py'ra 


Poe-o'ni-a 


Pol-y-ti-me'tus 


Prax'i-as 


Pro'to 


Py-rac'mon 


Poe'us 


Pol-y-ti'mus 


Prax-i-bulus 


Prot-o-ge-ne r a 


Py-rae'mos 


Po'gon 


Po-lyt'i-on 


Prax-id'a-mas 


Pro-tog'e-nes 


Py-riecb'mes 


Po'ia 


Po-lyt/ro-pus 


Prax-id'i-ce 


Prot-o-ge-ni'a 


Py-ra^eus 


, Pol-e-mo-era'ti-a 


Po-lyx'e-nus, -na 


Prax'i-la 


Prot-o-me-di / a 


Py-ram'i-des 


Pol'e-nion 


Po-lyx'o 


Prax-iph'a-nes , 


Prot-o-me-du'sa 


Pyr'a-mus 


Po-le'nor 


Pol-y-zelus 


Praxes 


Pro-tot'y-pon 


Pyr'a-sus 


Po'li-as 


Pom-ax-ae'thres 


Prax-it'e-les 


Prot-ry-ge'a 


Py-re'i-cus 


Po-li-ei'a 


Po-ine'ti-a, 


Prax-itb'e-a 


Prox'e-nus 


Pyr-e-nse'i 


Po-li-e / um 


Po-me'ti-i 


Pre'li-us 


Pru-den'ti-us 


Pyr-e-naj'us 


Po'li-eus 


Pom-e-ti'na 


Pre-u'ge-nes 


Prurn'iii-des 


Py-re'ne 


Po-li-or-ce'tes 


Po-mo'na 


Prex-as'pes 


Pru'sa 


Pyr'gi-on 


Po-lis'ma 


Pom-pe'i-a 


Pri-am'i-des 


Pru-sae'us 


Pyr-got'e-les 


Po-lis'tra-tus 


Pom-pe-i-a / nus 


Pri'a-mus 


Pru'si-as 


Py-rip'pe 


Pol-i-te'a 


Pom-pe'i-i 


Pri-a'pus 


Prym-ne'si-a 


Py'ro 


Po-li'tes 


Pom-pe-i-op'o-lis 


Pri-e'ne 


Pryt'a-nes 


Pyr'o-des 


Pol-i-to'ri-um 


Pom-pe'i-us 


Pri'ma 


Pryt-a-ne'um 


Pyr-o-ge'ri 


Pol-len'ti-a 


Pom'pe-lon 


Pri'o-la 


Pryt'a-nis 


Pyr r o-is 


Pol-lin'e-a 


(-o'na) 


Pri'on 


Psam'a-the 


Py-ro'ni-a 


Pol'li-o 


Pom-piVi-us, -a 


Pri-o-no'tus 


Psam'a-thos 


Py-ro-phleg'e- 


Pol'li-us 


Pom-pi'lus 


Pris-ci-a'nus 


Psam-me-ni'tus 


tbon 


Pol-lu'ti-a 


Pom-pis'eus 


Pris-cil'la 


Psam-met'i-cbus 


Pyr'rhi-as 


Po'lus 


Pom-po'ni-us, -a 


Pri-ver'num 


Psa'pbis 


Pyr'rhi-ca 


Po-lus'ea 


Pom-po-si-a'nus 


Pri-ver'nus 


Psa'pbo 


pyr'rhi-eus 


Po-ly-aj-mon / i-des 


Pomp-ti'nus, -a 


Pro'bus, -a 


Pse-b</a 


Pyr'rbi-d33 


Po-ly-aj'nus 


Pon'ti-eus 


Pro'cas 


Pse'eas 


Pyr'ri-cha 


Po-ly-a-ra'tus 


Pon-ti'na 


ProcVo-rus 


Pse-ne'rns 


Py-thiBii'e-tus 


Po-ly-ar'chus 


Pon-ti'nus 


Proch'y-ta 


Pseu-do-celis 


Py-thag'o-ras 


Pol-y-be'tes 


Pon'ti-us, -a 


Pro-cil'i-us 


Pseu-do-man-ti / a 


Py-tha-go-re'i 


Po-lyb'i-das 


Pon-to-po-ri / a 


Pro-ciHus, -la 


Pseu-dos'to-ma 


Py-tban'ge-lus 


Po-lyb'i-us 


Po-pil'i-us 


Pro'ele-a 


Psit'ta-ce 


Pyth-a-ra'tus 


Pol-y-boe'a 


Po-plie'o-la 


Proxies 


Psifta-cus 


Pvth'e-as 


Pol-y-bce'tes 


Pop-pae'us, -a 


Pro-€li / da3 


Pso'pbis 


Py'tbes 


Pol-y-bo'tes 


Pop-u-lo'ni-a 


Proe-on-ne'sus 


Psy'cbe 


Pytb'e-us 


Po-lyb'o-tum 


Por'a-ta 


Pro-eo'pi-us 


Psy-cho-man-te / - 


Pytb'i-as 


Pol'y-bus 


Por'ci-us, -a 


Pro'eris 


um 


Pytb'i-on 


Pol-y-ea'on 


Por-do-se-le'ne 


Pro-erus'tes 


Psy'chrus 


Pyth-i-o-ni'€e 


Pol-y-eai-'pus 


Po-red'o-rax 


Proe-u-le'i-us 


Psyt-ta-li'a 


Pyth-i-o-ni'ces 


Pol-y-eas'te 


Po-ri'na 


Proc-u-li'na 


Pte'le-os 


Pytb'i-um 


Po-lych'a-res 


Por-o-se-le'ne 


Proe'u-lus, -la 


Ptele-um 


Pyth'i-us, -a 


Pol-y-sle'a 


Por-phyr'i-on 


Pro'cy-on 


Pter'e-las 


Py'tho 


Pol'y-eles 


Por-phyr'i-us 


Prod'i-eus 


Pter-e-la'us 


Pv-thocVa-ris 


Pol-y-ele'tus 


Por'ri-ma 


Prod'ro-mus 


Pte/ri-a 


PytVo-€les 


Po-lye'ra-tes 


Por'se-na, -sen'na 


Pro'e-dri 


Pte'ri-on 


Pyth-o-de'lus 

! 










i 



550 s^: 

Pytb-o-do'rus 
Pytb-o-la'us 



SA 

Python 
Py-tbo'nes 



SA 

Pytb-o-ni'ce 
Py-tbon'i-ci 



SA 

Pytb-o-ni'eus 
Pyth-o-nis'sa 



SA 

Pyt'ta-lus 
Pyx-ag'a-tbus 



QTTA-DEE'NA 
Qua'di 
Quad-ra'ta 
Qua-dra'tus 
Quad'ri-frons, 
Quad'ri-ceps 



Qua'ri 

Qua'ri-us 

Qui-e'tus 

Quine-ti-a'nus 

Quine-til'i-a 

Quine'ti-us 



Q. 



Quin-de-cem'vi-ri 

Quin-qua'tri-a 

Quin'qua-trus 

Quin-quen-na / les 

Quin-quev / 'i-ri 



Quin-til-i-a'rtus 
Quin-ti'lis 
Quin-til'i-us, -a 
Quin-til'lus, -a 
Quin'ti-us 



Quin'tus 

Quir-i-nali-a 

Quir-i-na'lis 

Qui-ri'nus 

Qui-ri'tes 



E. 



EA-BIE'I-ITS 

Ea-cil'i-a 

Eae-sa'ces 

Ea-mi'ses 

Ea-pba'ne-ae 

Ea'po 

Ea-scip'o-lis 

Ea-tu'me-na 

Bau-ra'ci, -ri'ci 

Ea-ven'na 

Eav-en-na'tes 

Bav'o-la 

Ee-a'te 

Be-die'u-lus 

Bed'o-nes 

Be'sus 

Ee-ti'na 

Ee-u-dig'ni 

Ebab-du'cbi 

Eha-ce'lus 

Bha'ci-a 

Bba'ci-us 

Eha-€o'tes, -tis 

Ehad-a-man'tbus 

Bhad-a-mis'tus 

Bhad'i-ne 

Bba'di-us 

Bhaes'e-na 



Ehae'te-um 

Ebae'ti 

Ebae'ti-a 

Bba-ge'a 

Eba-me'lus 

Ebam-nen'ses 

Ebam-si-ni'tus 

Ebam-nu'si-a 

Eba'nis 

Eba-phe'a 

Bhap-so'di 

Eba'ri-us 

Eba'ros 

Bbas-eu'po-lis 

Ebas-eu'po-ris 

Bba-to'us 

Bbe'a 

Ehe'bas, -bus 

Bhed'o-nes 

Ebe'gi-um 

Ebe-gus'ci 

Bbe'mi 

Bhe'ne 

Ehe-ne'a 

Bbe'ni 

Ehe'nus 

Ebe-o-mi / tres 

Ebe'sus 



Ebet'i-eo 

Ebe-tog'e-nes 

Bbe-u'nus 

Ehex-e'nor 

Ebex-ib'i-us 

Ebi-a'nus 

Ebid'a-go 

Ebi-mot/a-€les 

Bbi-noe-o-lu'ra 

Bbi'on 

Ebi'pha, -pbe 

Bbi-pbse'i 

Ebi-pbe'us 

Bbi'urn 

Ebo-be'a 

Ehod'a-lus 

Ebod'a-nus 

Eho'de 

Bho'di-a 

Ebo'di-i 

Ebod-o-gy'ne, 

-gu'ne 
Ehod'o-j 
Ebo'dus 
Ebce^us 
Eboe'eus 
Bbce-te'um 
Ebce'tus 



-pe, -pis 



Ehom-bi'tes 

Ebo-sa'ces 

Ei-phse'i 

Bi-pbe'us 

Biq-ue-be'lus 

Bix'a-mai 

Eix-am'a-rse 

Eo-bi'go, or 

Eu-bi'go 
Bod-e-ri'eus 
Eo'ma 
Eo-ma'nus 
Bo-mil'i-us 
Eo-mu'li-dae 
Bom'u-lus, -a 
Eo'mus 
Eos'ci-us 
Eo-sil'la-nus 
Bo'si-us 
Eo-tom / a-gus 
Box-a'na 
Eox-o-la'ni 
Eu-bel'li-us 
EuO)i 
Eu'bi-son 
Eu-bi-e'nus 
Eu-bi'go 
Eu'bra Sax'a 



Eu-bre'nus 

Eu'bri-us 

Eu'di-ae 

Eu'fae 

Bu-fillus 

Euf-fi'nus 

Eu-fi'nus 

Eu'fi-us 

Eu'fus 

Eu'gi-i 

Bu'mi-nus 

Bun-ci'na 

Eu-pil'i-us 

Eus'ci-no 

Eus'ci-us 

Bus-eo'ni-a 

Bu-sel'lae 

Eus'pi-na 

Bus'ti-€us 

Eu-te'ni 

Eu-the'ni 

Eu'ti-lus, -a 

Eu-til'i-us 

Eu'tu-ba 

Eu'tu-bus 

Eu'tu-li 

EiVtu-pae 

Eu-tu-pi'nus 



S. 



SA'BA 
Sab'a-cbus, or 

Sab'a-eon 
Sa'bae 
Sa-ba?'i 
Sa-ba'ta 
Sab'a-tbae 
Sa-ba'tra 
Sa-ba'zi-us 
Sa-bel'la 
Sa-bel'li 
Sa-beFlus 
Sab'ra-ta 
Sa-bri'na 
Sab'u-ra 
Sab-u-ra'nus 
Sa'bus 
Sae'a-das 
Sa'cae 

Sae-a-pe'ne 
Sa'cer 
Sacb-a-li'tae 
Sacb-a-li'tes 
Sa-cra'ni 
Sa-era'tor 
Sa-erat'i-vir 
Sae'ro-ne 
Sad'a-les 
Sa'dus 
Sa-dy-a'tes 
Sa?g-'i-me / rus 
Sset/a-bes 



Sag'a-na 

Sag'a-ris 

Sa-git'ta 

Sa-gun'tum, -tus 

Sag-un-ti'nus 

Sa'is 

Sa-i'tae : 

Bala 

Sa-la^i-a 

SaFa-eon 

Sal-a-gi-'sa 

Sal-a-minl-a 

SalVmis 

Sal-a-mi / na 

Sa-lam'ti-ca 

Sa-la'pi-a, -ae 

SaFa-ra 

Sa-lar'i-ea 

Sa-las'ci 

Sa-le'i-us 

Sa-le r ni 

Sal-en-ti'ni 

Sa-ler'num 

Sal-ga'ne-us, -a 

Sa'li-a 

Sa-li-a'ris 

Sal-i-na'tor 

Bali-us, -a 

Sal-lus'ti-us 

Sal'ma-cis 

Sal-ino'ne 



Sal-mo-'ne-us 

Sal-mo'nis 

Sal-my-des^us 

Sa'lo 

Sa-lo'me 

Sal'o-mon 

Sa^oii 

Sa-lo'na, -nae 

Sal-o-ne'a 

Sal-o-ni'nus, -na 

Sa-lo'ni-us 

Sal-pi'nas 

Sal-tu-a'res 

SaFvi-an 

Sal-vid-i-e / nus 

Sal'vi-us 

Sa'ly-es 

Sa-ma'ri-a 

Sam-ni'tes 

Sam'Tii-nm 

Sam-o-cbo-ni'tes 

Sa-mon'i-eus 

Sa-mo'iii-uin 

Sa'mos 

Sa-mos'a-ta 

Sam-o-tbra'ce, or 

-ci-a 
Sam-o-tbra'ces 
Sa'mus 
Sa-myl'i-a 
Sa'na 
San'a-os 



San-cbo-ni'a-tbon 

San-da'ce 

San-dal-i-o'tis 

San-da'li-um 

San'da-nis 

San'da-nus 

San-di'on 

San-do'ces 

San-dro-eol/tus 

San'ga-la 

San-ga'ri-us, or 

Sac'ga-ris 
San-gnin'i-us 
San-nyr'i-on 
San'to-nes, -nae 
San-ton'i-eus 
Sa-o'ce 
Sa-oe'o-ras 
Sa'on 
Sa-o'tes 
Sa-pas'l, -pbae'i 
Saph'a-rus 
Sap-i-re'ne 
Sa-pi'res 
Sa'por, -po'res 
Sap-pbo'us 
Sap'ti-ne 
Sar-a-ce'ne 
Sar-a-ce'ni 
Sa-rae'o-ri 
Sar-a-me'ne 
Sa-ran'ges 



Sar-a-pa'ni 

Sar ; a-pus 

Sar'a-sa 

Sa-ras'pa-des 

Sa-ra'vus 

Sar-da-na-pa'lus 

Sar-de'ne 

Sar'di 

Sar'di-ca 

Sar-din'i-a 

Sar'dis, -des 

Sar'do-nes 

Sar-don^-sus 

Sar'do-nyx 

Sar-dop'a-tris 

Sar-do'us 

Sa-ri-as'ter 

Sar'ma-tae 

Sar-ma'ti-a 

Sar-men'tus 

Sar'ni-us 

Sa'ron 

Sa-ron'i-eus 

Sa-ro'nis 

Sar-pe'don 

Sar-ra'nus 

Sar'ra-pis 

Sa'ti-;e 

Sat-i-bar-za'nes 

Sa-tie'u-lus, -la 

Sa'tis 

Sa-tra'i-dae 



sc 



SE 



SI 



SI 



SP 551 



Sat-ra-pe'a 


Scyl-laVum 


Se'pi-us, -as 


| Pi'don 


Sat-ra-pe'ni 


Scyl'li-as 


Se-pla'si-a 


Si-do'nes 


Sat'ra-pes 


Scy-lu'rus 


Sep-tem'pe-da 


Si-do'ni-us 


Sa-tri'eum 


Scyp'pi-um 


Sep-tem'tri-o 


Si'ga 


Sa-trop'a-ces 


Scy'ras 


Sep-te'ri-on 


Si-ga-'um, -ge'um 


Sat/u-ra 


Scy-ri'a-dcs 


Sep-tim'i-us 


Sig'ni-a 


Sat-u-re'i-um 


Scy'ros 


Sep-ti-mu-le / i-us 


Sig-ni'nus 


Sa-tu're-um 


Scyr'pi-um 


Sep'y-ra 


Sig-o-ves'sns 


Sat-u-re'i-ua 


Scyt/a-le 


Seq'ua-na 


Sig'u-na 1 , -gy'ni, 


Sat-ur-na'li-a 


Scy'thfle 


Seq'ua-ni 


or -gyn'naj 


Sat-ur-ni'nus 


Scy-tbe'ni 


Se-quan'i-eus 


Si'la 


Sa-tur'ni-us, -a 


Scy'tbes, or -tha 


Se-quin'i-us 


Si-la'i 


Sa-tur'nus 


Scytb'i-a 


Se-ra'pes 


Si-la'nus, -na 


Sat'u-rum 


Scytb'i-des 


S^r-a-pe'um 


Sil'a-rus 


Bafy-ri 


Scy-tbi'nus 


Se-ra'pi-o 


Bi-le'ni 


Sat'y-rus 


Scy'tbon 


Se-ra'pi-on 


Si-le'nus 


Sau-fe'i-us 


Scy-tbop'o-lis 


Se-ra'pis 


Sil-i-cen'se 


Sau-rom'a-tse 


Se-bas'ta 


Se'res 


Sil'i-us 


Sau'rus 


Seb-as-te'a 


Ser-bo'nis 


Sil'pbi-um 


Sav'e-ra 


Seb-as-te'ni 


Se-re'na 


Sil'pi-a 


Sa'vo, -vo'na 


Se-bas'ti-a 


Se-re-ni-a / nus 


Sil-va'nus 


Sa'vus 


Seb-as-top'o-lis 


Se-re'nus 


Si-man'ge-lus 


Sax'o-nes 


Seb'e-da 


Ser-ges'tus 


Sim-briv'i-us, or 


Saz'i-ches 


Seb-en-ny'tus 


Ser-gi'o-lus 


-bru'vi-us 


Scas'a 


Se-be'tbis 


Ser'gi-us, -a 


Si-me'na 


ScaVva 


Se-be'tus 


Ser'i-eus 


Si-me'thus 


Sca?v'o-la 


Se-bu-si-a'ni 


Se-ri'pbus 


Sim'i-lai 


Seal'pi-um 


Sec'e-la 


Ser'my-la 


Sim'i-lis 


Sea-man'der 


See-ta'mis 


Se'ron 


Sim'mi-as 


Sea-man 'dri-us 


Se-dig'i-tus 


Ser-ra'nu8 


Si'mo 


Sean-da'ri-a 


Sed-i-ta'ni 


Ser-re'um 


Sim'o-els 


Scan-de'a 


Sed-en-ta'ni 


Ser-to'ri-us 


Sim'o-is 


Sean-di-na / yi-a 


Se-du'ni 


Ser-vfle'iis 


Sim-o-is'i-us 


Sean-tilla 


Se-du'si-i 


Ser-vi-a'nns 


Si'mon 


Seap-tes'y-le 


Se-ges'ta 


Ser-vil-i-a'nus 


Si-mon'i-des 


Seap'ti-a 


Se-ges'tes 


Ser-vil'i-us, -a 


Sim-plic'i-us 


Seap'ti-us 


Se-ge'ti-a 


Ser'vi-us 


Sim'u-lus 


Seap'u-la 


Se-gob'ri-ga 


Ses-a-me'ni 


Si'mus 


Sear'di-i 


Seg'o-nax 


Ses'a-muin 


Sim'y-ra 


Sear-phe'a 


Se-gon'ti-a 


Ses'a-ra 


Si-ne'ra 


Sear-pbi'a, 


Se-gun'ti-a 


Ses-a-re'thus 


Sin-ga^'i 


Seau'ras 


Seg-on-ti'a-ci 


Ses-o-os'tris 


Sin-gu-lo'nes 


Sced'a-sus 


Se-go'vi-a 


Se-sos'tris 


Si'nis 


Scel-e-ra'tus 


Se-gun'ti-um 


Ses'ti-us 


Sin'na-ces 


Sce-ni'taB 


Se-gu-si-a / ni 


Se-su'vi-i 


Sin'na-cha 


Sche'di-a, or 


Se-gu'si-o 


Set'a-bis 


Sin'o-e 


Ske'di-a 


Se-ja'nus 


Se'thon 


Si'iion 


Scbe'di-us 


Se-i-sacb-tbi'a 


Se'ti-a 


Si-no'pe 


Sche'ri-a 


Se'i-us 


Seu'tbes 


Si-no'pe-us 


Schoe-ne'is 


Sel-do'mus 


Se-ve-ri-a'nus 


Sin'o-rix 


Schce'ne-us 


Se-lem / nus 


Se-ve'rus, -ra 


Sin-ti'ce 


Schoe'nus, or 


Se-le'ne 


Se'vo 


Sin'ti-i 


Scbe'no 


Sel-eu-ce'na 


Sex-tHis 


Sin-u-es'sa 


Sci-ap'o-des 


Se-leu'ci-a, -ci'a 


Sex-tiH-us, -a 


Sin-u-es-sa'nus 


Sci'a-tbis, or 


Se-leu'ci-das 


Sex'ti-us, -a 


Si-o'pe 


Si'a-tbis 


Se-leu'cis 


Sex'tus 


Si-pon'tum, or 


Sci'a-thos 


Se-leu-eo-belus 


Si-bi'ni 


Si'pus 


Sci'dros 


Se-leu'eus 


Sib'o-tes 


Sip'y-lum, -lus 


Sci'nis 


Se-lim'nus, 


Si-bur'ti-us 


Sir-bo'nis 


Sci-o'ne 


Se-li'nuns, or -nus 


Si-byllse 


Si-red'o-nes 


Sci-pi'a-dae 


Seli-us 


Sib-yl-li'nus 


Si-re'nes 


Sci-pi'a-des 


Sel-la'si-a 


Si'^a 


Si'ris 


Scip'i-o 


Sel-le'is 


Si-€am / bri 


Sir'i-us 


Sci'ra 


Se-lym / bri-a 


Si-ea'ni 


Sir'mi-um 


Sci-ra'di-um 


Sem'e-le 


Si-ea'ni-a 


Si-ro'mus 


Sci'ras 


Sem-en-ti'nus 


SiCe-lis, -cel'i-des 


Sir-o-pif'o-nes 


Sci'ron 


Se-mid'e-i 


Si-ce'mus, -ma 


Sis'a-pon 


Sci-ron'i-des 


Sem-i-ger-ma'ni 


Si-ce'nus 


Si-sam'nes 


Sci'rus 


Sem-i-gun'tus 


Si-chas'us 


Sis'a-pho 


ScoKohK 


Se-mir'a-mis 


Si-ciKi-a 


Sis'a-ra 


Seolus 


Sem / no-nes 


Si-cin'i-us 


Sis-ci'a 


Seo'pas 


Sem-no'tbe-i 


Si-ci'nus 


Sis'e-nes 


Seop'e-los 


Se-mo'nes 


Sie'o-ris 


Si-sen'na 


Seo'pi-um 


Sem-o-sane'tus 


Sie'o-rus 


Sis-i-gam'bi3 


Seor-dis'ci, -c;B 


Sem-pro'ni-us, -a 


Sie'u-lus, -i 


Sis-o-eos'tus 


Seo-ti'nus 


Se-mu'ri-um 


Sic'y-on 


Sis'y-phus 


Seo-tus'sa 


Se'na 


Sic-y-o'ni-a 


Si-tal'ces 


Seri-bo'ni-a 


Se-na'tus 


Sid-a-ce'ne 


Si-the'ni 


Scri-bo-ni-a'nus 


Sen'e-ea 


Si'de 


Sith'ni-des 


Seri-bo'ni-us 


Se'ni-a 


Si-dele 


Si'thon 


Scyl'a-ce 


Sen'o-nes, or 


Si-de'ne 


Sith^-nes 


Scyl-a-ce'um 


-no'nes 


Si-de / ro 


Sith'o-nis 


Scylax 


Sen'ti-us 


Sid-i-ci'num 


Si-tho'ni-a 



Sit'i-us 

Sit/o-nes 

Sit-te-be'ris 

Siz'y-ges 

Sma-rag'dus 

Sme'nus 

Smilax 

Smi'lis 

Smin-dyr'i-des 

Smin'tbe-us 

So-a'na 

So-an'da 

So-a'nes 

Soe'ra-tei 

Sod'o-ma 

Sce'mi-as 

Sog-di-a'na 

Sog-di-a'nua 

So-la'nus 

Sol'e-nus 

So-li'mus 

So-li'nus 

Sol-le'um 

Sol'o-e, or So 7 !! 

So-loe'is 

So'lon 

So-lo'ni-um 

So'lus 

Sol-y-ge'a 

Sol'y-ma, -mve 

Sol'y-mi 

Son-ti'a-tes 

Sop'a-ter 

So'pbax 

So-pbe'ne 

So-phaBn'e-tus 

So'phi-a 

Sopb'o-eles 

Sopn-o-nis'ba 

So'phron 

Sopb'ro-na 

So-phro'Di-a 

So-pbron'i-cus 

Sopb-ro-nis'eus 

So-pbro'ni-us 

So-pbros'y-ne 

So-pi'tbes 

Sop'o-lis 

So'ra 

So-rae'tes, -te 

So-ra'nus 

Sor'di-ce 

So'rex 

So-rit'i-a 

So-sib'i-us 

Sos'i-eles 

So-sie'ra-tes 

So-sig'e-nes 

So'si-i 

Sos'i-lus 

So-sip'a-ter 

So-sip'o-lis 

So'sis 

So-sis'tra-tus 

So-sitb'e-us 

So'si-us, -a 

Sos'pi-ta 

Sos'the-nes 

Sos'tra-tus 

Sos'xe-tra 

Sot'a-des 

So'ter 

So-te'res 

So-te'ri-a 

So-ter'i-eus 

So'this 

So-ti-a'tes 

So'ti-on 

So-ti'ra 

So'ti-us 

So'us 

Sox'o-tae 

Spa'eo 





552 TA 


TA 


TE 


TE * 


TE 


SpaFe-tbra 


Sta-be'ri-us 


Ste-sag'o-ras 


Stro'phi-us 


Su-es-sFo-nes, or 


Spar-ga-pFtbes 


Sta'bi-as 


Ste-sich/o-rus 


Stru-thi'a 


-o'nes 


Spar'ta-eus 


Stab'u-lum 


Stes-i-ele'a 


Stru-thopb'a-gi 


Su-es-so'nes 


Spar-ta'ni, or 


Sta-gFra 


Stes-i-le'us 


Stru'tbus 


Sue-to'ni-us 


Spar-ti-a'tfe 


Sta'i-us 


Ste-sinFbro-tus 


Stry'raa 


Sue^vi 


Spar-ta'nus 


StanFe-ne 


Sthen-e-la'i-das 


Stry'mon 


Sue'vi-us 


Spar-ti-a'nus 


Stapb'y-lua 


Stben'e-lus, -le 


Stryrn'o-nis 


Suf-fe'nus 


Spar-to'lus 


Sta-saiFder 


Stbe'nis 


Styg'i-us 


Suf-fe'tes 


Spat'a-le 


Sta-siFe-us 


Stbe'no 


Sty-lob'a-tes 


Suf-fe'ti-us 


Spe'cbi-a 


Sta-te'nus 


Stbec-o-boe'a 


Stym-pba / li-a 


Sui'das 


Spen'di-us 


Sta-tiFi-us, -a 


StiFbi-a 


Stym-pha / lis 


Su-il-la^es 


Sper-cbFus, -a 


Stat'i-nas 


StiFi-cbo 


Stym-pha'lus 


Su-iFi-us 


Sper-ma-topb'a-gi 


Sta-tFra 


StinFi-€on 


Sty'ra 


Su-i-o'nes 


Speu-sip'pus 


Sta'ti-us 


Stipb'i-lus 


Stylus 


SuFci-us 


Sphae-te'ri-a? 


8ta-se'as 


Sti-ri'ta? 


Su-a'da 


SuFmo-na 


Sphe-ce'a 


Sta-sie'ra-tes 


Sto-baFus 


Su-ag'e-la 


Sul-pic'i-us, -a 


Sphe'rus 


Sta'tor 


Stcecb'a-des 


Su-a'na 


Sum-ma / nus 


Spho'dri-as 


Steg'a-nos 


Sto'i-ci 


Su-ar-do'nes 


SiFni-ci 


Sphra-gid'i-um 


Stel-la'tes 


Stra^o 


Sub-al-pi'Dua 


Su'ni-des 


Spi-ciFlus 


SteFli-o 


Stra-tar'chas 


Su-ba'tri-i 


Su^i-um 


SpirFtba-rus 


Ste'na 


Stra-te'gus 


Subla-eum 


Su-od'o-na 


SpFo 


Sten-o-boe'a 


Stra'to, -ton 


Su-blic'i-us 


Su-o-ve-tau-riFi-a 


Spi-tanFe-nes 


Ste-noe'ra-tes 


Strat'o-eles 


Sub-mon-to'ri-um 


Syr-o-pboe-nFces 


Spi-tbob'a-tes 


Sten'to-ris 


Strat-o-elFa 


Su-bo'ta 


Sy^ros 


Spitb-ri-da'tes 


Sten-y-ele'rus 


Strat-o-nFce 


Su-bur'ra, -bu'ra 


Sy'rus 


Spo-le'ti-um 


Steph'a-na 


Stra-ton-i-ce'a 


Su'ero 


Sys-i-gam'bis 


Spo-le'tum 


Steph'a-nus 


Strat-o-nFeus, -ce 


Su-de'ti 


Sy-sim'e-tbres 


Spor'a-des 


Ster'o-pes, -pe 


Stro-gola 


Su-e^us 


Sys'i-nas 


Spu-rFna 


Ster-sicb'o-rus 


StroiFgy-le 


Su-es'sa 


Sy'tbas 


SpiFri-us 


Ster-tin / i-us 


Stropb'a-des 

T. 


Su-es-sa^us 




TA-AU'TES 


Ta-n\Fsi-us 


Tau-rFa 


Tel-e-cli'des 


Te-ne'um 


Tal/a-nus 


Ta-o'ea, -ci 


TaiFri-ea 


Te-leg'o-rms 


Te'nos 


Ta-be'ni 


Ta'pbi-se 


Tau-rFni 


Te-lem'a-chus 


Ten'ty-ra (in 


Ta'bor 


Ta'pbi-i 


Tau-ris'ci 


TeFe-mus 


Egypt) 


Tab'ra-ea 


Ta'pbi-us, -as'sus 


TaiFri-um 


Tel-e-pbas'sa 


Ten-ty'ra, or t 


Ta-bu'da 


Tap'o-ri 


TaiFri-us 


TeFe-phus 


Tem-py'ra 


Ta-bur'nus 


Tap-o-sFris 


Tau-rob'o-lus 


Te-le'si-a 


Te'os, or Te'i-os 


Ta-ea'pe 


Ta-prob'a-ne 


TaiFro-is 


Te-les'i-eles 


Te-re'don 


Tae-a-pho'ris 


Tap'y-ri 


Tau-ronFe-nos 


Tel-e-siFla 


Te-ren-ti-a^us 


Tae-a-tiFa 


Tar'a-nis 


Tau-ro-min'i-um 


Tel-e-sin'i-cus 


Te-ren'ti-us, -a 


Tae-fa-rFnas 


Ta'ras 


Tau-ro-po-lFa 


Tel-e-sFnus 


Te-ren'tus 


Ta-champ'so 


Ta-ras'eo 


Tau-rop'o-lus 


Tel-e-sip'pus 
Te-les'pho-nus 


Te^e-us 


Tach'o-ri 


Tar-ax-ip'pus 


Tau-ru'bu-lae 


Ter-genFi-nus 


Ta'chos, -cbus 


Tar-beFli 


Tau'rus 


Tel-e-stag'o-ras 


Ter-ges'te, -turn 


Tac'i-tus, -ta 


Tar-beFli-«us 


Tax'i-la 


Te-les'tes, -tas 


Te'ri-as 


Tae'o-la 


Tar-che'ti-us 


Tax'i-li 


Te-les'to 


Ter-i-ba'zus 


TaFdi-a 


Tar'chi-a 


Tax'i-lus, or -les 


TeFe-tbus 


Te-rid'a-e 


Ta-dife-ra 


Tar-cbon-dinFo- 


Tax-i-maq'ui-lus 


Te-le-tbu'sa 


Ter-i-da'tes 


Ta?n'a-ros 


tus 


Ta-yg'e-te, -ge'ta 


Te-ler/ri-as 


Ter'i-gum 


TueiFa-rus 


Tar-en-tFnus 


Ta-yg'e-tus, -ta 


Te-leiFte 


Te-ri'na 


TaFni-as 


Ta-ren'tum, -tus 


Te-a'num 


Te-leu'ti-as 


Ter-men-'ti-a 


Ta-e'pa 


Tar-pe'i-us, -a 


Te'a-rus 


TeFi-nus 


Ter'me-ra 


Ta'ges 


Tar-quin'i-us, -a, -i 


Te-a'te-a, -a'te 


Tel-le'ne 


Ter'me-rus 


Ta-go'ni-us 


Tar-quit'i-us 


Te-ge'a-te 


TeHi-as 


Ter-me'sus 


Ta'gus 


Tar'qui-tus 


Te'ches 


TeFme-ra 


Ter-mi-na / li-a 


Ta-la'si-us 


Tar-ra-cFna 


Tech-mes'sa 


Tel-mes'sus, or 


Ter-mi-na'lis 


TaFa-us 


Tar'ra-€0 


Tecb'na-tis 


-mis'sus 


Ter'mi-nus 


Ta-la'y-ra 


Tar-riFti-us 


Tee'ta-mus 


Te'lon 


Ter'mi-sus, or 


TaFe-tum 


Tar'si-us 


Tee-tosVges, -gas 


Tel-tbu'sa 


-mes'sus 


Tal-thyb'i-us 


Tar-tar'i-nus 


Tee'to-sax 


Te'lys 


Ter-pan'der 


Ta'lus 


Tar'ta-rus 


Te'ge-a, Te-gae'a 


Te-ma'tbe-a 


Terp-sidFo-re 


TanFa-rus 


Tar-tc'sus 


Te-ge-a r tes 


Tem'bri-um 


Terp-sie'ra-te 


Ta-ma'se-a 


Tar-tes'sus 


Tes^-la 


Tem-e-ni / a 


Ter-ra-ci'na 


TanFe-sis 


Ta-run'ti-us 


Tei r y-ra 


Tem-e-ni'tes 


Ter-ra-sid'i-us 


Ta'mos 


Ta'rus 


Te'i-os 


Te-me'ni-um 


Ter'ti-us, -a 


TanFpi-us 


Tar-vis'i-um 


Te'i-um 


Tem'e-nus 


Ter-tul-li-a'nus 


TanFy-ras 


Tas-ge'ti-us 


Te'i-us 


Tem-e-rin'da 


Te'tbys 


Tam / y-ris 


Tas'si-to 


Tela 


Tem'e-sa, -se 


Tet-ra-eo'inum 


Tan'a-gra 


Ta'ti-an 


Tel'a-mon 


Tem'i-sus 


Tet-ra-go'iiis 


Tan-a-gre'us, 


Ta-ti-en'ses 


Tel-a-mo-nKa-des 


Tem-mFces 


Te-trapVlis 


-graFus 


Ta'ti-i 


Tel-chi'nes 


Tem'pe-a 


Tet'ri-eus 


Tan'a-grus, -ger 


Ta'ti-us 


Tel-chin'i-us, -a 


Tench-te'ri 


Teu'cer 


Tan'a-is 


Tau-cbFra 


Te'le-a 


Te'ne-a 


Teu-chi'ra 


TaiFa-quil 


Tau-lan'ti-i 


TeFe-ba 


Te-ne'fB 


Teu'cri 


Ta-ne'tum 


TaiFnus 


Te-leb'o-as 


Ten'e-dos 


Teu'eri-a 


Ta'nis 


Tau-ra'ni-a 


Te-leb'o-iv, -es 


Teu'e-rus 


Teue'te-ri 


Tan-taFi-des 


Tau-ran'tes 


Tel-e-bo'i-des 


Te'nes 


Teu-me'sos 


Tan'tu-lus 


TavFri 


Te-le^les, or -elus 


Teu'e-sis 


Teu-mes'sus 





TH 


TH 


TH 


TI 


TR 553 


Teu-o'ehis 


The-od'a-tns 


Thes'ty-lis 


Thv'us 


Ti-san'drus 


Teu'ta 


Tke-o-dee'tes 


Thes'ty-lus 


Ti-a'ra 


Ti-sar'chus 


Teu-ta'mi-as, -mis 


The-o-do'nis 


The'tis 


Ti'a-sa 


Ti-si'a-rua 


Teu'ta-mus 


Thc-o-do'ra 


Theu'do-tus 


Tib-a-re'ni 


Tis'i-as 


Teu'tas, -ta'tes 


The-o-do-re'tus 


Theu'tis, -this 


Ti-be'ri-as 


Ti-sim'a-ncs 


Teu'thras 


The-o-do-ri'eus 


Thi'a 


Tib-e-ri'nus 


Ti-siph'o-ne 


Teu-thro'ne 


The-o-do-ri'tus 


Thi-al-le'la 


Tib'e-ris 


Ti-siph'o-uus 


Teu-tom'a-tus 


The-o-do'rus 


Thi'as 


Ti-be'ri-us 


Tis'o-bis 


Teu'to-ni, -nes 


The-o-do'si-us 


Thi-od'a-mas 


Ti-be'rus 


Tis-sam'e-nus 


Teu-ton'i-eus 


The-o-do'ti-on 


Thir-mid'i-a 


Ti-be'sis 


Tis-sa-pber'nes 


Tha-ben'na 


The-od'o-tus, -ta 


This'i-as 


Tib-i-se'mis 


Ti-tas'a 


Thae'eo-na 


The-o-du'lus 


This'o-a 


Tib'u-la 


Ti'tan, -ta'nus 


Tha'ia 


The-o-gi'ton 


Tho-an-te'us 


Ti-buHus 


Tit'a-na 


Tha'la 


The-og-ne'tes 


Tho-an'ti-um 


TiO)ur 


Ti-ta'nes 


Tkal'a-me, -maa 


The-og'nis 


Tho'as 


Tib-ur-ti'nus 


Tit-a-ne'us 


Tka-las'si-o 


The-om-nes'tus 


Tho'e 


Ti-bur'ti-us 


Ti-ta'ni-a 


Tka-las'si-us 


The'on 


Tholus 


Ti-bur'tus 


Ti-tan'i-des 


Tka'les 


The-o'nas, -ni'eus 


Thom'y-ris 


Ti'chis 


Ti-ta'nus (a giant) 


Tha-les'tri-a, or 


The-on'o-e 


Tho'nis 


Tich r i-us 


Tit'a-nus (a river) 


-tris 


Tke'o-pe 


Tho-ni'tes 


Tic'i-da 


Tit-a-re'si-us 


Tha-le'tes 


The-opk'a-nes, -ne 


Tho'on 


Ti-ci'nus (a river) 


Tit-a-re'sus 


Tha-le'us 


The-opb/i-lus, -a 


Tho'o-sa 


Tic'i-nus (a man) 


Tit'e-nus 


Tka-li'a 


The-o-phras'tus 


Tho-o'tes 


Tid'i-us 


Tith-e-nid'i-a 


Tha'Ii-us 


The-o-phy-lae'tus 


Tho-ra'ni-us 


Ti-es'sa 


Ti-tbo'nus 


Thal'pi-us 


The-o-poi'e-mus 


Thorax 


Ti-fa'ta 


Ti-tho're-a 


Tkanv'u-da 


The-o-pom'pus 


Tho'ri-a (Lex) 


Ti-fer'num 


Ti-thraus'tes 


Tham'y-ras 


The-op'ro-pus 


Thor'nax 


Tig'a-sis 


Tit-i-a'na 


Tkam'y-ris 


Tke-o'ris 


Tho'us 


Tig-el-li'nus 


Tit-i-a'nus 


Than'a-tus 


The-o'ri-us 


Thra'ce 


Ti-geFli-us 


Tit'i-es 


Thap'sa-eus 


Tke-o-ti'mus 


Thra'ces 


Ti-gra'nes 


Tit'i-i 


Thar-ge/li-a 


The-ox'e-na 


Tkra'ci-a 


Tig-ran-o-cer'ta 


Ti-tin'i-us 


Tkar-gib'u-lus 


Tke-ox-e'ni-a 


Thrac'i-dae 


Ti'gres 


Tit'i-us, -a 


Tha-ri'a-des 


The-ox-e'ni-us 


Thra'cis 


Ti'gris 


Ti-tor'mus 


Tha'rops 


The'ra 


Thra'se-as 


Tig-u-ri'iii 


Tit-tbe'um 


Tha'si-us, or 


The-ram'bus 


Thra-sid'e-us 


Til-a-tas'i 


Ti-tu'ri-us 


Thra'si-us 


The-ram'e-nes 


Thra'si-us 


Til-a-vemp'tus 


Ti'tua 


Tha'sos 


The-rap'ne 


Thra'so 


Til-phus'sus 


Tit'y-rus 


Tha'sus 


The'ras 


Thras-y-bulus 


Ti-majn'e-tus 


Tit'y-us 


Thau-ma r ci-a 


The-rid'a-mas 


Thras-v-dayus 


Ti-ma^'us, -a 


Tle-poFe-mus 


Thau-man'ti-as, 


The-rim'a-chus 


Thra-syl'lus 


Ti-mag'e-nes 


Tma'rus 


-tis 


Ther'i-rius 


Tbra-sym'a-chus 


Tim-a-ge'tes 


Tmo'lus 


Thaii'mas 


The-rip'pi-das 


Thras-y-me'des 


Ti-mag'o-ras 


Toch'a-vi 


Thau-ma'si-ns 


Ther'i-tas 


Thras-y-me'nus 


Ti-man'dra 


To-ga'ta 


The'a 


Ther-ino'don 


Thre-ic'i-us 


Ti-man'dri-des 


To-le'tum 


The-ae-te'tus 


Ther-mop'y-lae 


Tbre-is'sa 


Ti-man'ge-lus 


Tol-is-to'bi-i 


The-ag'e-nes 


Tke-rod'a-mas 


Threp-sip'pas 


Ti-man'thes 


Tol'mi-des 


The-a'ges 


The'ron 


Thri-am'bus 


Ti-mar'cbus 


Tol'o-pbon 


Tke-a'no 


Ther-pan'der 


Thro'ni-um 


Tim-a-re'ta 


To-lo'sa 


The-a'num 


Ther-san'der 


Thry'on 


Ti-ma'si-on 


To-lum'nus 


Tke-av'i-das 


Ther-siKo-chus 


Tbry'us 


Tim-a-sitVe-us 


To'lus 


The-ar'nua 


Ther-sip'pus 


Thu-cvd'i-des 


Ti-ma'vus 


To-mie'um 


Tke-a-te'tes 


Ther-si'tes 


Thu-is v to 


Tim'e-as 


Tom'a-rus 


The'bae 


The-se'a 


Thu^le 


Ti-me'si-us 


Tom-'i-sa 


Theb'a-is 


The-se'i-dae 


Thu'ri-ae, or -am 


Ti-moch'a-ris 


To-mi'tse 


The-ba'nus 


The-se'is 


Thu-ri'nus 


Tim-o-€le / a 


Tom'o-ri, -mn-'ri 


The'be 


The-se'um 


Tbus'ci-a 


Tim'o-eles 


To'mos, -mis 


Theg-a-nu'sa 


The'se-us, 


Thy'a 


Ti-moe'ra-tes 


Tom'y-ris 


The'i-a 


The'seiis 


Thy'a-des 


Ti-mo^re-on. 


Ton-dVta 


The'i-as 


The-si'dae 


Thy-a-mKa 


Tim-o-de'mus 


To'ne-a 


Tliel-a-i'ra 


The-si'des 


Tby'a-mis 


Tim-o-la'us 


Ton-gil'li-us 


Thel-e-phas'sa 


Thes-mopb/o-ra 


Tby'a-na 


Ti-mo'le-OQ 


To-ni'a 


Thel-e-si'nus 


Thes-inoth'e-tae 


Thy-a-ti'ra 


Ti-mo'lus 


To-pa'zos, -zns 


Thel'i-ne 


Thes'o-a 


Tby-bar'ni 


Ti-mom'a-chus 


Top'i-ris, Top'rus 


Thel-pu'sa 


Thes-pe'a 


Thy-es'tes, -ta 


Ti'mon 


Tor'e-ta3 


Thelx-i'on 


Thes-pi'a 


Thy-es-te'us 


Ti-mo'nax 


Tor'i-ni 


Tkelx-i'o-pe 


Thes-pi'a-dae 


Thy'i-as 


Ti-uioph'a-nes 


To-ro'ne 


Them'e-nus 


Thes-pi'a-des 


Thym-bi-re'us 


Ti-mo'the-us 


Tor-qua'tus, -ta 


The-me'si-on 


Thes'pwe 


Thym'bri-a 


Ti-mox'e-nus 


To'rus 


The'mis 


Thes'pi-us 


Thym'e-le 


Tin'i-a 


Tox-a-rid'i-a 


The-mis'cy-ra 


Thes-pro'ti 


Thy-mi'a-this 


Ti'plia 


Tox'e-us 


Them'i-son 


Thes-pro'ti-a 


Thy-moch'a-res 


Ti'phys 


Tox-ie'ra-te 


Tke-mis'ta 


Thes-pro'tus 


Thy-moe'tes 


Tiph'y-sa 


Tox'i-li 


The-mis'ti-us 


Thes-sa'li-a 


Thy-od'a-mas 


Ti-re'si-as 


To-vg'e-ni 


The-mis'to-eles 


Thes-sa'li-on 


Thy-o'ne 


Tir-i-ba'ses 


Tra'be-a 


Tkem-i-stog / e-nes 


Thes-sa-li'o-tes 


Thy-o'ne-us 


Tir-i-da'tes 


Tracb/a-lus 


The-o-ele'a 


Thes-sa-lo-ni'ea 


Thy'o-tes 


TYris 


Tra'chas 


The'o-Gles 


Thes'sa-lus 


Thy're 


Ti'ro 


Tra-che'a 


The'o-elus 


Thes'ta-lus 


Tbyr'e-a 


Ti-ryn'thi-a 


Tra-chin / i-a 


The-o-elym'e-nus 


Thes'ti-a 


Thyr-e-a'tis 


Ti-ryn'thus 


Trach-o-ni'tis 


The-o€'ly-tus 


Thes-ti'a-dae, -des 


Thyr'e-us 


Ti-sse'um 


Tra-:io3 / di-a 


The-oe'ri-tus 


Thes'ti-as 


Thyr'i-des 


Ti-sag'o-ras 


Tra'gus 


The-od'a-mas 


Thes-ti-di'um 


Tbyr'i-on 


Ti-sam'e-nes 


Traj-a-nop'o-lis 


The-o-da'mus 


Thes'ti-us 


Thyr-sag'e-ta?, -tes 


Ti-sam'e-nus 


Tra-ja'nus 





554 VA 

Trans-al-pi'mis 

Trans-pa-da'nus 

Trans-tib-e-ri / - 

nus, -a 
Trap'e-za 
Trap'e-zon 
Trap'e-zus 
Tra-phe'a 
Tras-i-me'iiua 
Tra-suFlus 
Tre'ba 
Tre-ba'ti-us 
Tre-bel-li-a / nu8 
Tre-bel-li-e'nua 
Tre-bel'li-us 
Tre'bi-a 
Tre'bi-us 
Tre-bo'ni-us, -a 
Treb'u-la 
Tre'rus 
Tres'vi-ri 
Trev'e-ri 
Tri-a'ri-us, -a 
Tri-bal'li 
Trib'o-oi 
Tri-bu'ni 
Tri-eas'ses 
Trie-as-ti'ni 
Trich'i-naa 
Tri-cho'nis 
Tri-ela'ri-a 
Trie-o-lo'ni 
Tri-eor'y-thua 
Tri-era'na 
Tri-ere'na 



VE 

Tri-den'tum 
Tri-e'res 
Tri-e-ter'i-sa 
Tri-e-te'ris 
Trif-o-li'nus 
Tri-geni'i-na 
Tri-go'num 
Tri-go'nus 
Tri-na'sri-a, -€ris 
Tri-ne'me-is 
Trin-o-ban'tes 
Tri-oe'a-la, 
Tri'o-sla 
Tri'o-dus 
Tri-o'nes 
Tri'o-pas, Troops 
Tri-o-pe'i-us 
Tri-pbyl'i-a 
Tri-phy'lia 
Trip'o-di 
Trip'o-lis 
Trip-tol'e-mus 
Triq'ue-tra 
Tris-me-gis / tua 
Tri-te'a 
Trit/i-a 
Trit-o-ge-ni'a 
Tri'ton 
Tri-to'nes 
Tri-to'nis 
Tri-to'nua 
Tri-um'vi-ri 
Tri-ven'turn 
Triv'i-a 
Tri-vi'eum 



VE 

Tro'a-des 

Tro'as 

Troch'a-ri 

Troch'o-ia 

Troe-ze'ne 

Trog'i-lus 

Trog-lod'y-tae 

Trog-lod'y-tes 

Tro'gus 

Tro'ja 

Tro'i-lua 

Tro-ju'ge-nse 

Trom-en-tFna 

Troph'i-mus 

Tro-pho'ni-ua 

Tros'su-li 

Tros'su-lum 

Trot'i-lum 

Tru-en'tum, 

-ti'nuin 
Tryg-o-daem'o-nes 
Trypb/e-rus 
Tryph-i-o-do'rus 
Try'phon 
Try-pbo'sa 
Tu'be-ro 
Tue'ci-a 
Tu«-cit / o-ra 
Tu'ci-a 

Tu'der, Tu-der'ti-a 
Tu'dri 

Tu-gi'ni, -ge'ni 
Tu-gu-ri'nus 
Tu-is'to 
Tu-lin'gi 



VE 

Tnl-li-a / num 

Tul-li'o-la 

TuFli-us, -a 

Tul'lus 

Tu-ne'ta, Tu'nis 

Tu-ra'ni-us 

Tur-de-ta'ni 

Tur'du-li 

Tu-re'sis 

Tu-ri-a'so 

Tu'ri-us 

Tu'ro-nes 

Tur'pi-o 

Tu-ruFli-us 

Tyis-ea'ni-a, 

Tus'ci-a 
Tus-eu-la'num 
Tus'GU-lum 
TVta 
Tu-ta'nua 
Tu'tbo-a 
Tu'ti-a 
Tu-ti-ea'nus 
Tu'ti-eum 
Tu-tu-li / na 
Ty'a-na 

Ty-a'ne-us, -nae'u 
Ty-a-ni'tis 
Ty'bris 
Ty'bur 
Ty'che 
Tych'i-sua 
Tych'i-ua 
Ty'de 
Tyd'e-ua 



VI 

Ty-di'des 

Ty-e'nis 

Ty'los 

Ty-mo'lus 

Tym-pa'ni-a 

Tym-pbse'i 

Tyn-dar'i-des 

Tyn'da-ris 

Tyn'da-rua 

Tyn'ni-chus 

Ty-pbce'us, -phon 

Ty-pho'nis 

Tyr-an-gi'tS3 

Ty-ran'm-on 

Ty-ran'nus 

Ty'ras, or -ra 

Ty'rea 

Tyr-i-da'tes 

Tyr'i-i 

Ty-ri'o-tes 

Tyr'i-us 

Ty'ro 

Ty-rog'ly-phus 

Ty'ros 

Tyr-rhe'i-dse, -des 

Tyr-rhe'ni 

Tyr-rhe'num. 

Tyr-rbe'nus 

Tyr-rhe'us 

Tyr-rhi'daj 

Tyr-se'ta 

Tyrrtse'ns 

Ty'rus, -ros 

Tys'i-as 

Tzae'o-nes 



U. 



U'BI-I 


TJm^bri-a 


U-ra'ni-a 


U-ri'on 


Fs r ti-€as 


U-eal'e-gon 


Um-brig / i-us 


U-ra'ni-i, U'ri-i 


U'ri-tes 


IFti-ea 


U'eu-bis 


Un-de-cem / vi-ri 


U'ra-nus 


Ur-sid-'i-us 


Ux'a-ma 


U'fens 


U-nel'li 


Ur-bie'u-a 


Ur-si'nus 


Ux-an'tis 


U-fen-ti'na 


Unx / i-a 


Ur'bi-eus 


Us-ca'na 


Ux-el-lo-du'num 


Ul-pi-a / nu3 


U^pis 


11-16^111 


Us'ce-num 


Ux'i-i 


U'lu-brse 


Up-sa'lum 


Ur / ge-num 


U-sip'e-tes, or -i-i 


Ux-is'a-ma 


U-lys'ses 


U-ra-'ea 


U'ri-a 


Us'pi-i 


U-zi'ta 


Um-bre'nua 


U-ra / gu3 


V. 






VA€-CLE'I 


Ya-ri / ni, -ris'ti 


Ye-li-o-eas'si 


Ver-gas-i-lau'mis 


Ye-se'rus 


Va-eu'na 


Va'ri-us, -a 


Yel-i-ter'na, 


Ver-geHus 


Ves-pa-si-a'nns 


Va-dav'e-ro 


Va-'rus 


Ve-li'trae 


Ver-gil'i-a 


Ves'e-ris 


Vad-i-mo'nis 


Va-sa'tre 


VeVi-tes 


Ver-giKi-ae 


Ve-se'vi-us, 


Va'ga 


Yas'eo-nes 


Vel'la-ri 


Ver-gin / i-U8 


-se'vus 


Vag-e-dru'sa 


Vat-i-ca'nua 


Vel'le-da 


Yei-'gi-um 


Ves-ta'les 


Va-gel'li-us 


Va-ti-e'nus 


Vel-le'l-us 


Ver-gob're-tus 


Ves-ta'li-a 


Va-ge'ni 


Va-tin'i-us 


Ve-na'frum 


Ver'i-tas 


Ves-tic'i-us 


Ya-ge'sus 


Va-tre'nus 


Ven'e-diB 


Ver-o-doe'ti-us 


Ves-til'i-us 


Va'ha-lis 


A^e-chi'res 


Ven'e-di 


Ver-o-man'du-i 


Ves-til'la 


Va-i'eus 


Vee'ti-us 


Ven'e-li 


Ve-ro'na 


Ves-ti'ni 


Va'la 


Vee-to'nes 


Ven'e-ti 


Ve-ro'nes 


Ves-ti'nus 


Val-a-mi / rus 


Ye'di-us 


Ve-ne'ti-a 


Ver-o-ni'ca 


Ves'u-lus 


Va'lens 


Ve-ge'ti-us 


Ven'e-tus 


Yer-re-gi'num 


Ve-su'vi-ua 


Va-len'ti-a 


Ve'i-a 


Ve-nil'i-a 


Ver'ri-tus 


Ves'vi-us 


Ya-len-tin-i-a / nus 


Ve-i-a-'nus 


Ve-no'nes 


Ver'ri-us 


Yet/ti-us 


Val-en-ti'nus 


Ve-i-en'tes 


Ve-no'ni-us 


Ver-ru'go 


Vet-to'nes, 


Va-le-ri-a'nus 


Ve-i-en'to 


Ven-tid^-us 


Ver'ta-gus 


Ve-to'nes 


Va-le'ri-us, -a 


Ve'i-i 


Ven-u-le'i-us 


Ver'ti-eo 


Vet-u-lo'ni-a 


VaFe-rus 


Yej'o-vis 


Ve'nus 


Ver-ti-cor'di-a 


Ve-tu'ri-a 


Val'gi-us 


Ve-la'brum 


Ve-nu-'si-a, or -um 


Ver-tis'eus 


Ve-tu'ri-ua 


Val-leb'a-na 


Ve-la'erum 


Ve-pi'eus 


Ver-tum'nus 


Ve'tus 


Van'da-li 


Ve-la'ni-us 


Ve-ra'gri 


Ver-u-la'nus 


Vi-a'drus 


Van-da'li-i 


Yel'e-da 


Ve-ra'ni-us, -a 


Ve'rus 


Vi-a'lis 


Van-gi'o-nes 


Ve'li-a 


Ver-big'e-nus 


Ves'a-gus 


Vi-bid'i-us, -a 


Van'ni-us 


Ve-lib'o-ri 


Ver-cel'lte 


Ves'bi-us, 


Vib'i-us 


Ya-ra'nes 


VeFi-«a 


Yer-cin-gel/o-rix 


Ve-su'bi-us 


Vib-i-o'nes 


Var-dfe'i 


Ve-li'na 


Ye-re'na 


Ves-ci-a'num 


Vi'bo 


Yar'i-eus 


Ve-li'num 


Ve-re'tum 


Yes-eu-la-'ri-ua 


Yib-u-le'iiua 



ZA 



ZE 



ZE 



zo 



ZY 



Yi-bul'li-113 
Vi'«a Po'ta 
Vi-celli-us 
Vi-cen'ta, 

Vi-ce'ti-a 
Yie-to'ri-a 
Vie-to-ri'nus, -na 
Vie-to'ri-us 
Yie-tum'vi-ae 
Vi-en'na 
Vil'li-us, -a 
Vim-i-na'lis 
Vin-cen'ti-us 
Vin'ci-us 
Vin-da'li-us 
Yin-del'i-ci 



Vm-de-mi-a'tor 

Vin-dem'i-tor 

Vin-dic'i-us 

Vin-do-nis'sa 

Vi-nic'i-us 

Vi-nid'i-us 

Vin'i-us 

Vin'ni-us 

Vip-sa'ni-a 

Vi-ra'go 

Vir0)i-U8 

Vir-du'ma-rua 

Vir-gil'i-us 

Vir-gin'i-us, -a 

Vir-i-a'tbus 

Yir-i-dom'a-rus 



Yir-i-pla'ea 

Vi-sel'li-us 

Yi-sel'lus 

Vis'tu-la 

Vi-sur'gis 

Vi-tel'li-us, -a 

Vit'i-a 

Vi-tis'a-tor 

Vit/ri-eus 

Vi-tru'vi-us 

Yit/u-la 

Vo-eo'ni-us, -a 

Vo-eon'ti-a 

Vog'e-sus 

Yol-a-gm'i-us 

Yo-la'na 



Yo-lan'dum 

Vol-a-ter'ra 

Vol'e-sus 

Yo-log'e-sus 

Yol-sin'i-um 

Yol-tin'i-a 

Vo-lum'nus, -na 

Vo-luin'ni-us, -a 

Vo-lum'nus 

Vo-lup'tas, 

-lu'pi-a 
Vol-u-se'nus 
Yo-lu-si-a'nua 
Vo-lu'si-us 
Yol'u-sua 
Vo'lux 



Yo-ma'nus 

Vo-no'nes 

Vo-pis'eus 

Vo-ra'nus 

Vo-ti-e'nus 

Vul-ea-na'li-a 

Vul-ea'ni 

Vul-ea'ni-ua 

Vul-ea'nus 

Vul-ea'ti-ua 

Vul-si'num 

Vul-tu-re'i-ua 

Vul-tur'nuin 

Vul-tur'nus 

Vul-tur'ti-ua 



XAN'THI-A 

Xan'thi-as 

Xan'tbi-«a 

Xan-thip'pus, -pe 

Xan-tho-pu'lus 

Xan'ti-eles 

Xan-tip'pus, -pe 

Xe-nag'o-ras 



Xe-nar'cbua 

Xen'a-les 

Xen'e-tus 

Xe'ne-us 

Xe-ni'a-des 

Xe'ni-us 

Xen-o-ele'a 

Xen'o-eles 



X. 



Xen-o-eli'des 

Xe-noe'ra-tes 

Xe-nod'a-mus 

Xe-nod'i-ce 

Xe-nod'o-cbus 

Xen-o-do'rus 

Xe-nod'o-tes 

Xe-nod'o-tus 



Xe-nopb'a-nea 

Xe-nopM-lus 

Xen'o-pbon 

Xen-o-pbon-ti'us 

Xen-o-pi-tbi'a 

Xer-o-lib'y-a 

Xerx-e'ne 

Xeux'es 



Xi-me'ne 

Xi-phe'ne 

Xu'tbus 

Xy'chus 

Xyn'i-as 

Xyn-o-icb'i-a 

Xyp'e-te 

Xys'ti-ci 



z. 



ZA-BA'TTTS 

Zab-di-ce'ne 

Za-bir'na 

Zab'u-lus 

Zae'o-rus 

Za-cyn'tbus 

Za-g'ra/us 

Za'grus 

Zal'a-tes 

Za-leu'eus 

Za'ma 

Za'me-is 

Za-molx'is 

Zan'tbe-nes 

Zan'tbi-eles 

Za'rax 

Zar-bi-e'nua 



Zar-do'ces 

Zar'e-tae 

Za-ri-as'pes 

Zar-man-o-cbe' 

Za'tbes 

Za-ve'ces 

Ze-bi'na 

Ze'la, Zeli-a 

Ze-le'a 

Zeles 

Ze-lot'y-pe 

Zelus 

Ze'no 

Ze-no'bi-a 

Ze-no'bi-i 

Zen'o-eles 

Zea-o-eli'des 



Zen-o-do'rus 

Zen-o-do'ti-a 

Ze-nod'o-tus 

Ze-nopb'a-nes 

Zen-o-po-si'don 

Ze-notb'e-mis 

Ze-pbyr'i-um 

Zepb'y-rum 

Zeph'y-rus 

Ze-ryn'tbus 

Ze'tbes, or Ze'tus 

Zeu-gi-ta'na 

Ze'us 

Zeux-i-da'mus 

Zeux'i-das 

Zeux-ip'pe 

Zeux'is 



Zeux'o 

Zi-gi'ra 

Zi-e'la 

Zil'ia, Zelis 

Zi-ma'ra 

Zi-my'ri 

Zi-ob'e-ria 

Zi-pse'tes 

Zi'tba 

Zmil'a-ces 

Zo-di'a-eus 

Zo'i-lus 

Zo-ip'pus 

Zo-i-te'um 

Zo'na 

Zon'a-raa 

Zoph'o-rua 



Zo-pyr'i-o 

Zo-pyr'i-on 

Zop'y-rus 

Zor-o-as'ter 

Zor-o-as-tre'ua 

Zos'i-mus 

Zos'i-ne 

Zos-te'ri-a 

Zo-tbraus'tes 

Zy-gan'tes 

Zyg'e-na 

Zyg'i-a 

Zyg'i-i 

Zy-gom'e-Ia 

Zy-gop'o-lis 

Zy-gri'tae 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



REMARKS. 

The pronunciation of Scripture Proper Names is governed chiefly by the rules which prevail in 
Greek and Latin. 

VOWELS. 

ACCENTED SYLLABLES. 

"When these end in a vowel, that vowel has always its long English sound, as in €a'des, Esf/ra, 
&c. ; when in a consonant, the preceding vowel has the short English sound, as in Bas'sa, Cor'ban, 
&c. But ah has the Italian sound, as in Tiih'panes, &c. 

UNACCENTED SYLLABLES. 

"When these end in a consonant, their vowel has the short English sound, as in Ba'bcl, Elim, 
Blas'tus, &c. When they end in a vowel, the following cases occur: a final has a li^ht Italian 
sound, as in Du'ra; e, i, and y have the sound of e lightly uttered, as in Dil'e-an, An't?-och, Eu'ty-chus. 
But i, at the end of words, has its long sound, as in It'a i. and w have their long sound lightly 
uttered, as in Gol'go-tha, Josh'w-a ; ai (diphthong) has the sound of a, as in Ado'nai ; %a following an 
accented vowel, has usually the sound of ya, as in Isaiah (i-za'yah). But some in aiah have the 
accent on the i in a separate syllable, as in Shorn -a-i'ah. 

CONSONANTS. 

C has the sound of s before e, i, and y, as in Ce'phas, Cith'erus, Cyre'ne; of -h before a, o, and u, and 
is marked thus : € e, as in €ain, €o're, €u'shan. 

CII has always the sound of k, as in Chaldca, Enoch, &c, and does not need to have the c marked 
hard. Rachel has been anglicized, and is re-spelled. 

O has its regular hard sound as in go, give, as in Gil'ead, &c. In Bethphage, and one or two others, 
the g has taken the sound of;', by passing through the Greek. 

8 has its regular sharp sound, as in A'sa, except when marked thus, S s, when it has the sound of z, 
as in Isa'iah (iza'yah). 

N. B.— The pronunciation here given is that of Walker ; but in a few instances that of Perry 
(marked P.), of Fulton and Knight (marked F. & K.), of Trollope (marked T.), of Carr (marked C), and 
of Smart (marked S.), is subjoined in notes at the bottom of the page. 



AB 



AB 



AB 



AC 



AD 



A'A-LAR 


A'bel Me-holath 


A-bi'hud 


A-lbram, or 


A'chim 


A;Vron * 


A'bel Miz'ra-im 


A-bi'jah 


A'bra-harn 


A-chim'e-lech 


Ab 


A'bel Shit'tim 


A-bi'jam 


Ab'sa-lom 


A'chi-or 


Ab'a-eue 


Ab'e-san 


Ab-i-le'ne 


A-bu'bus 


A-chi'ram 


Ab'a-dah 


Ab'e-sar 


A.-bim'a-el 


Ac'a-ron 


A'chish 


A-bad'don 


A'bez 


A-bim'e-lcch 


Ae'a-tan 


Ach'i-tob, or 


Ab-a-di'as 


Ab'^a-rus 


A-bin'a-dab 


Ae'cad 


Ach'i-tub 


A-bag'tha 


A'bf 


A-bin'o-am 


Ac'ea-ron 


A-chit'o-phel ) 
A-kWo-fel f 


A'bal 


A-bi'a, or 


A-bi'ram 


Ac'cho 


Ab'a-nat 


A-bi'ah 


A-bi'rom 


Ae'cos 


Ach'me-tha 


Ab'a-rim 


A-hi-al^on 


A-bis'a-i 


Ae/eoz 


A'chor 


Ab'a-ron 


A-bi'a-saph 


Ab-i-se'i 


A-cel'da-ma ) 
A-seV da-ma J 


Ach'sa 


Ab'ba 


A-bi'a-thar 


Ab'i-shag 


Ach'shaph 


Ab'da 


A'bib 


A-bish'a-har 


A'chab 


Ach'zib 


Ab'di 


A-bi'dah 


A-bish'a-i 


A'chad 


Ac'i-pha | 
As'e-fa j 


Ab-di'as 


Ab'i-dan 


A-bish'a-loin 


A-eha'i-a ) 
A-ka'ya \ 


Ab'di-el 


A'bi-el % 


A-bish'u-a 


Ac'i-'tho 


Ab'don 


A-bi-e'zer 


Ab'i-shur 


A-cha'i-chus 


A-cu'a 


A-bed'ne-go 


A-bi-ez'rite 


Ab'i-sum 


A 'eh an 


A'eub 


A'bel 


Ab'i-^ail ( 
Ab'i-gal \ 


Ab'i-tal 


A'char 


A'da 


A'bel 


Ab'i-tub 


A'chaz 


A'dad 


Beth-ma'a-eah 


Ab-i-ha'il 


A-bi'ud 


Ach'bor 


Ad'a-da, or 


A'bel Ma'im 


A-bi'hu 


Ab'ner 


A-chi-ach'a-rus 


Ad'a-dah 



* Formerly this word was pronounced by some persons with three syllables, but now it has only 
two. . t A-ba'na.— P. % A-bi'el.—P. 



AH 


AM 


AN 


AR 


AS 557 


Ad-ad-e'zer 


A-hiTiud 


A'mal 


Ap-a-me^ 


A'rod 


Ad-ad-rini'mon 


A-bi'jab 


A-mal'da 


Aph-a-ra'im 


Ar'o-di 


A'dah 


A-bi'kam 


Ain'a-lek 


A-pbar'satb-chites 


Ar-'o-er 


Ad-a-i'ah 


A-hi'lud 


Am'a-lek-Itea 


A-phar'sItea 


A'rom 


Ad-a-li'a 


A-bim'a-az 


A'rnan 


A'pbck 


Ar'pad, or 


Ad'am 


A-bi'man 


Am'a-na 


A-phe'kab 


Ar'pbad 


Ad'a-ma, or 


A-bim / e-lecb ) 
A-him'e-lek ) 


Am-a-ri'ah 


A-pber'e-ma 


Ar-pbax'ad 


Ad'a-mah 


Am'a-sa 


A-pher'ra 


Ar'sa-ccs 


Ad'a-mi 


A-bi'motb 


A-mas'a-i 


A-pbi'ab 


Ar'te-mas 


Ad'a-mi Ne'keb 


A-bin'a-dab 


Am-a-sbi'ab 


Apb'rab 


Ar'u-both 


A'dar 


A-bin'o-am 


Am-a-the'is 


Apb'ses 


A-ru'mab 


Ad'a-sa 


A-bi'o 


Am'a-this 


A-i^oc'a-lypse 


Ar'vad 


Ad'a-tha 


A-bi'ra 


Am-a-zi'ab 


A-poc'ry-pba 


Ar'vad-Ites 


Ad'be-el 


A-bi'ram 


A'men' 


A-pol'los 


Ar'za 


Ad'dan 


A-bi'ram-ites 


A'mi 


A-p(d'ly-on | 
A-pol'yon j 


A'sa 


Ad'dar 


A-bis'a-macb 


A-min'a-dab 


As-a-di r as 


Ad'di 


A-bisb'a-hur 


A-mit'tFu 


Ap'pa-im 


As'a-el 


Ad'din 


A-bi'sbam 


A-miz'a-bad 


Ap'pbi-a ) 
Aph'e-a j 


As'a-hcl 


Ad'do 


A-bi'sbar 


Am-mad'a-tba 


As-a-i'ah 


Ad'dus 


A-bi'tob 


Am'mah 


Ap'pbus | 
Aph'us J 


As'a-na 


A'der 


A-bit'o-pbel 


Am'mi 


A'sapb 


Ad'i-da 


A-bi'tub 


Am-mid / i-oi 


Aq'ui-la 


As'a-phar 


A'di-el 


A-bi'ud 


Am/mi-el 


Ar 


As'a-ra 


A'din 


Ab'lab 


Am-mi'bud 


A'ra 


A-sar'e-el X 


Ad'i-na 


Ahlai 


Am-mi-sbad'da-i 


Ar'ab 


As-a-re'lab 


Ad'i-no 


A-bo'e, or 


Am'mon 


Ar'a-bab 


As-baz'a-reth 


Ad'i-nus 


A-bo'ab 


Am/mon-ites 


Ar-a-bat'ti-ne 


As^a-lon 


Ad'i-tha 


A-bolte 


Am'non 


A-ra'bi-a 


A-se'as 


Ad-i-tba'im 


A-bolab 


A'mok 


A'rad 


A-seb-e-bi'a 


Adla-i 


A-bol^ba 


A'mon 


A'rad-ite 


As-e-bi'a 


Ad'mah 


A-hol-Hbah 


Am'o-rites 


Ar'a-dus 


As'e-natb 


Ad'ma-tba 


A-boli-ab 


A'mos 


A'rab 


A r ser 


Ad'na 


A-bol'i-bab 


Am'pli-as 


A'ram 


A-se'rar 


Ad'nab 


A-bo-lib'a-mab 


Am'ram 


A'ran 


Asb-a-bi'ab 


Ad'o-oai 


A-bu'ma-i 


Am'ram-itea 


Ar'a-rat 


A'shan 


Ad-o-ni'a3 


A-bu'zam 


Am'ran 


A-rau'nah 


Asb'be-a 


A-don-i-be / zek 


A-buz'zah 


Arn'ra-pbel 


Ai -/ ba, or 


Asb'bel 


Ad-o-ni'jah 


A1 


Am'zi 


Ar'bah 


Asb-Tjel-ites 


A-don'i-kam 


A-i'ab 


A'nab 


Ar'bal 


Ash'dod 


A-don-i'ram 


A-i'atb 


An'a-el 


Ar-bat'tis 


Asb'dotb-Ites 


A-don-i-ze'dek 


A-i'ia 


A'nab 


Ar-be'la (in Syria) 


Asb'dotb Pis'gab 


A-do'ra 


A-i'jab 


An-a-ba'rath 


Ar-bel'la 


A'sbe-an 


Ad-o-ra'im 


Ai'ja-lon \ 
AcVja-lon f 


An-a-i'ab 


Ar'blte 


Asb'er 


A-do'ram 


A'nak 


Ar-bo'nfd 


Asb'i-math 


A-dram/e-lech 


Aife-letb Sba'bar ) 
Ad'je-leth f 


An'a-kims 


Ar-cbe-la'ns 


Ash'ke-naz 


A'dri-a 


A-nain'e-lecb 


Ar-cbes'tra-tus 


Asb'nab 


A'dri-el 


A'in 


An'a-mim 


Ar'cbe-vites 


A'sbon 


A-du'el 


A-i'oth 


A'nan 


Ar 7 cbi 


Asb'pe-naz 


A-dullam 


A-i'rus 


An-a'ni 


Ar-cbi-at'o-roth 


Asb'ri-el 


A-duni'mim 


Aj'a-lon 


An-a-ni / ab 


Ar-cbip'pns | 
Ar-kip'pus ) 


Asb'ta-rotb 


A-e-di'as 


Ak'kub 


An-a-ni'as 


Asb'ta-rotb-ites 


iE-ne'as. — Yirgil. 


Ak-rab'bim 


A-nan'i-el 


Arcb'Ites 


Asb'te-motb 


A-lam'e-lecb 


A'nath 


Ard 


A-shu'atb 


iE'ne-as. — Acts.* 


AFa-metb 


A-natb^-ma 


Ai^datb 


Asb'ur 


jE'non 


AFa-motb 


An'a-tboth 


Ard'Ites 


xi-sbu'rim 


iE'nos 


Al'ci-mus 


An'a-tbotb-ite 


Ar'don 


Asb'ur-ites 


Ag'a-ba 


Al'e-ina 


Andrew 


A-reli 


A'si-a | 
A'she-a \ 


Ag'a-bus 


A-le'metb 


An-dro-nl'ctis, or 


A-re'lites 


A'gag 


Al-ex-an'dri-a 


An-dron'i-cus 


A-re-op'a-gite ) 
A-re-op'a-jlte f 


As-i-bi'as 


A'gag-ito 


Al-ex-an'dri-on 


A'nem, or A'nen 


A'si-el 


A'gar 


A-li'ah 


A'ner 


A-re-op'a-gus 


As'i-pha 


Ag-a-re'nes 


A-li'an 


A'nes 


A'res 


As'ke-lon 


Ag'e-e 


Al-le-lu'jab ) 
Al-le-lu'yah f 


A'netb 


Ar-e'tas 


As'ma-dai 


Ag'ge-us 


A'ni-am 


A-re'ua 


As'ma-veth 


Ag-notb-ta'bor 


Al'lom 


A'nim 


Ar'gob 


As-mo-de'us 


A'gur 
A'bab 


Al'lon BacOiutb 


An'na 


Ar'gol 


As-mo-ne'ans 


Al-mo'dad 


An'na-as 


A-rid'a-i 


As'nah 


A-bar'ah 


Al'mon 


An'nas 


A-rid'a-tba 


As-nap'per 


A-bar'al 


Dib-la-tba'im 


An-nu'us 


A-ri'eb 


A-so'cbis 


A-bas'a-i 


Al'na-tban 


An-ti-lib'a-nus 


A'ri-el 


A'som 


A-bas-u-e'rus 


A'lotb 


An'ti-ocb 


Ar-i-ma-tbe'a 


As'pa-tba 


A-ba'va 


Al'pha 


An-ti'o-chis 


A'ri-ocb 


As'pbar 


A'baz 


Al-pbe'us 


An-ti'o-cbus 


A-ris'a-i 


As-pbar'a-sxis 


A-baz'a-i 


Al-ta-ne'us 


An'ti-pas 


Ar-is-to-bu'lus t 


As'ri-el 


A-ba-zi'ah 


Al-tas'cbith 


An-tip'a-tris 


Ark'ites 


As-sa-bi'as 


Ab'ban 


Al'te-kon 


An'ti-pha 


Ar-ma-Ered'don 


As-sal'i-motb 


ATier 


A'lusb 


An-to^i-a 


Ar-mi-sbad'a-i 


As-sa-ni'as 


A'bi 


Al'vab, or Al'vaii 


An-to-thi'jab 


Ar'mon 


As-si-de'ans 


A-bi'ah 


A'niad 


An'totb-ite 


Ar'nan 


As'sir 


A-bi'am 


A-inad'a-tba 


A'nub 


Ar'ne-pber 


As'sos 


A-bi-e'zer 


A-mad'a-tbus 


A'nus 


Ar'non 1 


As'ta-roth 


* JE-ne/as- 


-P. 1 


• ArAs-tdb'u-lus. — P. 


%Al 


'a-reel— P. 





558 BA 


BE 


BE 


BE 


BO 


As-tar'te 


Ath'ens 


A'vims 


Az-a-zFab 


Az'ma-veth * 


As'tatb 


Ath/lai 


A'vltes 


Az-baz'a-reth 


Az'mon 


A-sup'pim 


At'roth 


A'vith 


Az'buk 


Az'notb Ta'bor 


A-syn'eri-tus 


At'tai 


Az-a-elus 


A-ze'kah 


A'zor 


A'tad 


At-ta-lFa 


A'zah 


A'zel 


A-zo'tus 


At'a-rab 


At/ta-lus 


A'zal 


A'zem 


Az'ri-el 


A-tar'ga-tis 


At-thar'a-tes 


Az-a-lFah 


Az-e-pbu'ritb. 


Az'ri-kam 


At'a-rotb 


Au'gi-a 


Az-a-nFah 


A'zer 


A-zu'bah 


A'ter 


Au-ra-ni'tis 


A-za'phi-on 


A-ze'tas 


A'zur 


At-e-re-zFas 


Au-ra'nus 


Az'a-ra 


Az'gad 


Az'u-ran 


A'tback 


Au-te'us 


A-za're-el 


A-zi'a 


Az'y-mites 


Atb-a-Fab 


A'va 


Az-a-ri'ah 


A-zFe-i 


Az'zab 


Atb-a-lFab 


Av'a-ran 


Az-a-ri'as 


A'zi-el 


Az'zan 


Atb-a-rFas 


A'ven 


A'zaz 


A-zi'za 


Az'zur 


Atb-e-no'bi-us 


A'vim 


A-za'zel 

B. 






BA'AL, or Bel 


Ba'nid 


Be-er-elim 


Be r tah 


Beth'sa-mos 


Ba'al-ab 


Ban'nus 


Be-e'ri 


Be'ten 


Betb'sban 


Ba'al-ath 


Ban'u-as 


Be-er-la-ha'i-roi 


Betb-ab'a-ra 


Betb-sbe'an 


Ba'al-ath Be/er 


Ba-rab'bas 


Be-e'roth 


Beth-ab'a-rah 


Betb'she-mesb 


Ba'al Be'rith 


Bar'a-cbel 


Be-e'roth-Ites 


Beth'a-natb 


Betb-sbit'tab 


Ba'al Gad 


Bar-a-clri'ab 


Be-er'she-ba || 


Beth'a-notb 


Betb'si-mos 


Ba'al Ham'on 


Bar-a-chi'as 


Be-esh'te-rah 


BetlFa-ny ) 
BeWa-ne j 


Betb-su'ra 


Ba'al Han'an 


Ba'rak 


Ba'he-moth 


Betb-tap'pu-a 


Ba'al Ha'zor 


Bar-ce'nor 


Beltah 


Beth-ar'a-bab 


Be-tbu'el 


Ba'al Her'non 


Bar'go 


Bela 


Beth'a-ram 


Be'tbul 


Ba'al-i 


Bar-hu'mites 


Be'lah 


Betb-ar'bel 


Beth-n-lFa 


Ba'al-im t 


Ba-ri'ah 


Be'la-Ites 


Betb-a'ven 


Betb'zor 


Ba'al-is 


Bar-je'sus 


Bel'e-mus 


Betb-az'ma-veth 


BetiFzur 


Ba'al-le 


Bar-)o'na 


BeFga-i 


Betb-ba-al-me'cn 


Be-to'li-us 


Ba'al Me'on 


Bar'kos 


Be'li-al 


Beth-ba'ra 


Bet-o-mes'tbam 


Ba'al Pe'or 


Bar'na-bas 


BeFma-im 


Betb-ba'rab 


Bet'o-nim 


Ba'al Per'a-zim 


Ba-ro'dis 


BeFmen 


Beth'ba-si 


Be-u'Iaktt 


Ba'al Shal'i-sha 


Bar'sa-bas 


Bel-shaz'zar 


Betb-bir-'e-i 


Be'zai 


Ba'al Ta'mar 


Bar'ta-eus 


Bel-te-sbaz'zar 


Betb'ear 


Be-zaFe-el XX 


Ba'al Ze'bub 


Bar-thol'o-mew 


Ben 


Beth-da'gon 


Be'zek 


Ba'al Ze'pbon 


Bar-ti-me / us 


Be-na'iab ) 
Be-nd/ya ) 


Betb-dib-la- 


Be'zer, or 


Ba'a-na 


Ba'rucb 


tba'im 


Boz-'ra 


Ba'a-nab 


Bar-zil'lai ) 
Bar-zil'lai f 


Ben-am'mi 


BetlFel 


Be'zetb 


Ba'a-nan 


Ben-eb'e-rak 


Betb'el-ite 


Bi'a-tas 


Ba'a-nath 


Bas'ea-ma 


Ben-e-ja'a-kam 


Beth-e'mek 


Bich^i 


Ba-a-ni'as 


Ba'shan, or 


Ben'ba-dad 


Be'ther 


Bidl^ar 


Ba'a-ra 


Bas'san 


Ben-ba'il 


Be-tbes'da 


Big'tha 


Ba'a-sba % 


Ba'shan Ha'votb 


Ben-ba'nan 


Betb-e'zel 


Big'tban 


Ba'a-sbah 


Fair 


Ben'i-nu 


Beth-ga'der 


Big'tba-na 


Ba-a-sFah 


Bash'e-math 


Ben'ja-min 


Beth-ga'mnl 


Big'va-i 


Ba'bel 


Baslith 


Ben'ja-mTte 


Betb-bae'ce-rim ) 
Beth-hak f ser-im \ 


BiFdad 


Ba'bi 


Bas'math 


Ben'ja-mites 


BiFe-am 


Bab'y-lon 


Bas'sa 


Be-nu'i 


Beth-ha / ran 


BiFgab 


Ba'ea 


Bas'ta-i 


Be'no 


Betb-hog'lab 


BiFga-i 


Bae-cbu'rus 


Bat'a-nc 


Be-no'ni 


Betb-bo'ron 


BiFba, or Bil'bah 


Bach/rites 


Batb 


Ben-zo / beth 


Beth-ies'i-motb 


BiFban 


Bach'uth AHon 


Batb'a-loth 


Be'on 


Beth-leb'a-otb 


BiFsban 


Ba-go'as 


Bath-rab'bim 


Be'or 


Betb'le-hem 


Bim'hal 


Bag'o-I 


Bath'she-ba 


Be'ra 


Betb'le-hem 


BiiFe-a 


Ba-ba'rum-Ite 


Bath'shu-a 


Ber-'a-cbab 


Eph'ra-tab 


Bin'nu-i 


Ba-bu'rim 


Bav'a-i 


Ber-a-chi / ah 


Betb'le-bem 


Bir'sba 


Ba'jith 


Be-a-li'ah 


Ber-a-Fah 


Ju'dab 


Bir'za-vitb. 


Bak-bak'er 


Be'a-loth 


Be-re'a 


Betb / le-hem-ite 


Bisb'lam 


Bak'buk 


Be'an 


Be'red 


Betb-lo'mon 


Bi-tbFab 


Bak-buk-Fab 


Beb'a-i 


Be'ri 


Betb-maVeah 


Bitb'ron 


Ba'laam ) 
Ba'lam f 


Be'cher ) 
Be'ker j 


Be-ri'ab 


Betb-miir^a-botb 


Biz-i-jo-thi'ab 


Be'rites 


Beth-me'on 


Biz-i-'io-tbFjah 


Bal'a-dan 


Bech'o-rath 


Be'ritb 


Betb-nirn'rab 


Biz'tba 


Ba'lah 


Bech'ti-leth 


Ber-ni r ce 


Betb-o'ron 


Blas'tus 


Ba'lak 


Be'dad 


Be-ro'dach 


Beth-pa'let 


Bo-a-ner'ges 


Bal'a-mo 


Bed-a-Fah 


BaFa-dan 


Betb-paz'zer 


Bo'az, or 


Bal'a-nus 


Be-el-Fa-da 


Be'rotb 


Betb-pe'or 


Bo'oz 


Bal-tba'sar 


Be-el'sa-rus 


Ber'o-thai 


Betb'pba-ge ) 
BeWfa-je\S 


Boe'eas 


Ba'mab 


Be-el-teth'nras 


Be-ro'tbatb. 


Bocb'e-ru 


Ba'motb 


Be-el'ze-bub § 


Ber'yl 


Betb'phe-let 


Bo'cbim 


Ba'moth Ba'al 


Be'er 


Ber-zelus 


Betb'ra-bab 


Bo'ban 


Ban 


Be-e'ra 


Be'zai 


Betb'ra-pba 


Bos'cath 


Ban-a-Fas 


Be-e'rah, or 


Bes-o-deFah 


Betb're-bob 


Bo'sor 


Ba'ni 


Be'rah 


Be^or 


Betb-sa'i-da ** 


Bos'o-ra 


* Az-ma'tx. 


tJi.— P. 


t Ba-a/lvm. — P. 


%Ba 


-a'sha. — P. 


% Beel'ze-b' 


ih.—F. <fc K. 


j| Beer'she-ha.—l 


\ & K. 1 Be 


h'faje.—P. 


** Beth-mi' 


tia.— P. 


+t Bev/lah.—2. & 


T. \% Be, 


>/a-l'eel.—I>., F. & K. 





DA 


DE 


DI 


DI 


DU 559 


Bos'rah 


1 Brig'an-dlne 


Bui 


1 Bun'ni 


1 Bu'zi 


Bo'zez 


Buk'ki 


Bu'nah 


Buz 


Buz'Ite 


Boz'rah 


1 Buk-ki'ah 


c. 




1 


■GAB 


Gap-pa-do'ci-a ) 


Cha'nes 


Che'sed 


Cle-a'sa 


•Cab'bon 


Kap-pa-do'- V 


Chan-nu-ne'us 


Che'sil 


Clem'ent 


Cab'ham 


8he-a ) 


Cbar-a-ath'a-lar 


Cbe'sud 


Cle'o-phas 


1 €a'bul.— See Bttl 


Gar-a-ba'si-on j 
Kar-a-ba'ze-on ) 


Char'a-ea 


Che-sul'loth 


Clo'e 


■Gad'dis 


Char'a-sim 


Chet'tim 


Cni'dus I 
Ki'dus j 


■Ga'des 


Car'cha-mis 


Char'cus 


Che'zib 


•Ga'desh 


Gar'che-mish 


Cha're-a 


Chi'don 


€ol-ho'zeh 


■Gsi'a-phas ) 
Kd'ya-fas ) 


Ga-re'ah 


Char'mis 


Chi-li'on § 


€ol'li-us 


Ca'ri-a 


Char'ran 


Chil'le-ab 


€o-los'se 


■Cain 


Gar'kas 


Chas'e-ba 


Chil'mad 


Co-los'si-ans ) 
Ko-losh'e-anz ) 


Ca-i'nan * 


Car-ma'ni-ans 


Che'bar 


Chim'ham 


■Cai'rTtes 


€ar'me 


Cbed-er-la'o-mer^ 


Chis'leu, 


Co-ni'ah 


€a1ah 


Car'mel 


Che'lal 


•Gas'leu, or 


€on-o-ni'ah 


•Cal-a-mol'a-lus 


Gar'mel-Tte 


Chel'ci-as ) 
Kel'xhe-as ) 


Cis'leu 


€o'os 


Cal'a-mus 


Car'mel-It-ess 


Chislon 


€or 


€al'«ol 


Car'nii 


Chelli-ans 


Chis'lotb Ta'bor 


Cor'ban 


■Gal-dees' 


Gar'mites 


Chellub 


Chit'tim 


Gor'be 


Ca'leb 


Gar'na-im 


Chel'lus 


Cbi'un 


€o're 


Ca'leb Eph'ra-tah 


Gar'ni-on 


Chelod 


Cblo'e 


Gor'inth 


Cal'i-tas 


Gar'pus 


Chelub 


CboO)a 


Co-rin'thi-ans 


■Gal'neth 


Gar-she'na 


Che-lu'bai 


Cbo-ra'sin, 


Co'sam 


Cal'no 


Ca-siph'i-a 


Che-lu'bar 


Cho-ra'sban, or 


€ou'tha 


Cal'phi * 


Gas'leu 


Chem'a-rims 


Cho-ra'zin 


€oz 


€al'va-ry ) 
Kal'va-re J 


Cas'lu-bim 


Che'mosh 


Chos-a-me'us 


Coz'bi 


Gas'phor 


Che-na'a-nah 


Cho-ze'ba 


Cres'cens 


€a'mon 


Gas'pis, or 


Chen'a-ni 


Christ 


Cre'tans 


■Ga'na 


Gas'phin 


Chen-a-ni'ah 


Chub) 
Kub S 


Crete 


Ca'naan ) t 
Kd'nan ) 


Ca-thu'ath 


Che'phar Ha-am'- 


Cretes 


Ce'dron 


mo-nai 


Chun 


Cre'ti-ans ) 
Kre'she-anz ) 


Ca'naan-ites 


Cei'lan 


Che-phi'rah 


Chu'sa, or 


■Gan'da-cG. or 


Ce-le-mi'a 


Che'ran 


Chu'za 


€uO)it 


■Can'dace— P 


Cen'chre-a 


Che're-as 


Chush'an Eish-a- 


€ush 


Can'neh J 
Kan' nee X 


Cen-de-be'us 


Cher'eth-ims 


tha'im 


■Cu'shan 


Cen-tu'ri-on 


Cber'eth-Ites 


Chu'si 


Cu'shan Eish-a- 


Can'veh ) 
Kan'vee ) 


Ce'phas 


Che'rith, or 


Cin'ner-eth, or 


tha'im 


Ce'ras 


Che'rish 


Cin'ner-oth 


■Cu'shi 


■Ga-per'na-um 


Ce'teb 


Cher'ub \ 
Tcher'ub \ 


Cir'a-ma 


Cuth. or 


■Gaph-ar-sal'a-ma 


Cha'bris 


Ci'sai 


Cuth'all 


■Ga-phen'a-tha 


Cha'di-as 


Che'rub \ „ +„„„ 


Cis'leu 


Cu'the-ans 


•Ga-phi'ra 


Chae're-as 


Cith'e-rua 


Cy'a-mon 


Caph'tor 


Chal'ce-do-ny 


Cher'u-bim | 
Tcher'u-bim ) 


Cit'tims 


Cy-re'ne 


■Gaph'to-rim 


Chal'eol 


Clau'da 


Cy-re'ni-us 


Gaph'to-rims 


Chal-de'a 


Ches'a-lon 

D. 






DAB'A-EEH 


Dan-ja'an 


De-ha'vites 


Di'drachm \ 
Di'dram f 


Do'eus 


Dab^a-sheth 


Dan'nah 


De'kar 


Dod'a-i 


Dab'e-rath 


Dan'o-brath 


Del-a-i'ah 


Did'v-mus 


Dod'a-nim 


Da'bri-a 


Da'ra 


Del'i-lah 


Dik'Iah, or 


Dod'a-vah 


Da-eoHii 


Dar'da 


De'mas 


Dil'dah 


Do'do 


Dad-de'us 


Da'ri-an 


Der'be 


Dil'e-an 


Do'eg 


Da'gon 


Dar'kon 


Des'sau 


Dim'nah 


Doph-Tiah 


Dai'san 


Da'than 


De-u'el 


Di'mon 


Dor 


Dal-a-i'ah 


Dath'e-mah, or 


Deu-ter-on'o- 


Di-mo'nah 


Do'ra 


Dal'i-lah 


Dath'mah 


my 


Di'nah 


Dorcas 


Dal-ma-nu'tha 


Da'vid 


Dib'la-im 


Di'na-Ttes 


Do-rym'e-nes 


Dal'phon 


De'bir 


Diblath 


Din'ha-bah 


Do-sith'e-us 


Dam'a-ris 


Deb'o-rah 


Di'bon 


Di-ot're-phesl 


Do'tha-im, or 


Dam-a-scenes' 


De-eap'o-lia 


Di^on Gad 


Di'shan 


Do'than 


Dan 


De'dan 


Dib'ri 


Di'shon 


Dii'mah 


Dan'i-el 


Ded'a-nim 


Dib'za-bab, or 


Diz'a-hab 


Du'ra 


Danltes 


Ded'a-nims 


Diz'a-hab 






* Cai'nan. — P. 










+ Canaan. — Thi 


s word has sometime 


s been pronounced i 


n three syllables, wi 


h the accent on the 


second. But Miltoi 


i, wbo has used it six 


times in Paradise L 


ost, has constantly m 


ade it two syllables, 


with the accent on 1 


he first. 








X Ched-er-l 


a-o'mer. — P. 


§ ChU'i-orv.—T!. 


[Dio-t 


reph'es. — P. 





560 GA 



GA 



GE 



GE 



GE 



E. 



E'A-NAS 

E'bal 

E'bed 

E-bed'me-lesb 

Eb-en-e'zer 

E'ber 

E-bi'a-sapb 

E-bro'nab 

E-ea'nus 

Ee-bat/a-na 

Ee-ele-si-as'tes 

Ee-ele-si-as'ti-eus 

Ed 

E'dar 

E'den 

E'der 

E'des 

E'di-as ■». 

Ed'na 

E'dom 

E'dom-ites 

Ed're-i 

Eg'lab 

Eg'la-im 

Eg'lon 

E'gypt 

E'bi 

E'bud 

E'ker 

Ek're-bel 

Ek'ron 

Ek'ron-Ites 

Ela 

El'a-dah 

E'lab 

E'lam 

Elam-Itea 

El'a-sab 

E'latb 

El-betb'el 

El'ci-a [ 

M'she-a f 

El'da-ab 

El'dad 

E'le-ad 

E-le-a'leb ) 

E-U-a'U X 

E-le'a-sab 

E-le-a'zer 

E-le-a-zu'rus 

El-e-lo'be Is'ra-el 



E-leu'tbe-rus 

El-eu-za'i 

El-ba'nan 

E'li 

E-li'ab 

E-li'a-da 

E-li'a-dah 

E-li'a-dun 

E-li'ab 

E-li'ab-ba 

E-li'a-kim 

E-li'a-li 

E-li'am 

E-li'as 

E-li'a-sapb 

E-li'a-shib 

E-li'a-sis 

E-li'a-tba, or 

E-li'a-tbab 
E-li-a'zar 
E-li'dad 
E'li-el 
E-li-e'na-i 
E-li-e'zer 
E-li'ba-ba 
El-i-bse'na 
El-i-ho'reph 
E-li'bu* 
E-li'jah 
El'i-ka 
Elim 

E-lim'e-leeh 
E-li-oe'na-i 
E-li-o'nas 
El'i-phal 
E-liph'a-leh 
E-li'pbazt 
E-liph'e-let 
E-lis'a-betb 
El-i-sse'us 
El-i-se'us 
E-li'sha 
E-li'shah 
E-lish'a-ma 
E-lisb'a-mah 
E-lisb'a-pbat 
E-lisb'e-ba 
El-i-shu'a, or 

E-lisb'u-a— P 
E-lis'i-mus 
E-li'u 



E-li'ud 

E-liz'a-phan 
E-li'zur 

EFka-nab 

El'ko-shlte 

Ella-sar 

El'mo-dam 

El'na-am 

El'na-than 

E'lon 

E'lon BetbTia-nan 

Elon-ites 

Eloth 

El'pa-al 

El'pa-let 

El-pa'ran 

El'te-keb 

El'te-keth 

El'te-kon 

EFto-lad 

E'lul 

E-lu'za-i 

El-y-ma'is 

El'y-mas 

El'za-bad 

El'za-pban 

Em-al-eu'el 

E-man'u-el 

E'miins 

Em'ma-us 

Em'mer 

E'mor 

E'nam. 

E'nan 

En'dor 

E'ne-ast 

En-eg-la'im 

En-e-mes / sar 

E-ne'ni-as 

En-gan'nim 

En r ge-di, or 

En-ged'i 
En-had'dah 
En-bak'ko-re 
En-ba'zor 
En-misb'pat 
E'noch | 
E'noch X 
E'non 
E'nos 
E'nosb 



En-rim/mon 

En-ro'gel 

En'sbe-mesb 

En-tap'pu-ab 

Ep'a-pbras 

E-paph-ro-di'tus 

E-pen'e-tus/or 

Ep-e-ne'tus— T 
E'phab 
E'pbai 
E'pber 

E-phes-dam'min 
Epb'lal 
E'pbod 
E'pbor 
Eph'pha-tha 
E'pbra-im 
E'phra-im-Ites 
Epb'ra-tab§ 
Epb'rath 
Eph'ratb-ites 
E'pbron 
Er 

E'ran 
E'ran-ites 
E-ras'tus 
E'recb 
E'ri 
E'sa 

E-sa'ias ) 
E-za'yas X 
E'sar-bad'don 
E'sau 
Es'dras 
Es-drelon 
Es'e-bon 
E-se'bri-as 
E'sek 
Esh'ba-al 
Esh'ban 
Esb'eol 
E'sbe-an 
E'sbek 
Esb'ka-lon 
Esh'ta-ol 
Esh'tau-lites 
Esk-tem / o-a 
Esb'te-motb 
Esh^on 
Es'li 
Es-ma-clii / ab. 



E-so'ra 
Es'ril 

Es'tom 

Es-senes' 

Est'ha-ol 

Es'ther ) 

Es'ter f 

E'tam 

E'tham 

E'tban 

Eth'a-nim 

Eth'ba-al 

Esther 

Eth^ma 

Eth'nan 

Eth'ni 

Eu-as'i-bus 

Eu-bu'lusll 

Eu'na-than 

Eu-ni^e, or 

Eu'nice — Jones 
Eu-o'di-as 
Eu-poye-mns 
Eu-ro€ / ly-don 
Eu'ty-clius 
Eve 
EM 

EMI Mer-o'daekf 
Ex^-dus 
E'zar 
Ez'ba-i 
Ez'bon 
Ez-e-ch^as 
Ez-e-ki'as 
E-ze'ki-el 
E'zel 
E'zem 
E'zei* 
Ez-e-r^as 
E-zi'as 
E'zi-on Ge'bar, or 

E'zi-on-ge'ber 
Ez'nite 
Ez'ra 
Ez'ra-hlte 
Ez'ri 
Ez'ri-el 
Ez'ril 
Ez^on, or 

Hez'ron 
Ez'ron-ites 



G. 



GA'AL 

Ga'ash 

Ga'ba 

Gab-'a-el 

Gab'a-tha 

Gab'bai, or -a 

Gab'ba-tha 

Ga'bri-as 

Ga'bri-el 

Gad 

Gad'a-ra 

Gad-a-renes' 

Gad'des 

Gad'di-el 

Ga'di 

Gad'Ites 

Ga'ham 

Ga'har 



Ga'i-us ) 

Ga'yus ) 

GaFa-ad 

Ga'lal 

GaFe-ed 

GaFga-la 

GaFi-lee 

GaFlim 

Galli-o 

Gam'a-el 

Ga-ma'li-el 

Gam'ma-dim 

Ga'mul 

Gar 

Ga'reb 

Gar'i-zim 

Gar-'mites 

Gasb'mu 



Ga'tam 

Gatb 

Gatb He'pher 

Gath Eim'mon 

Gau'lan 

Gau'lon 

Ga'za 

Gaz'a-bar 

Ga-za'ra 

Ga'zath-Ites 

Ga'zer 

Ga-ze'ra 

Ga'zez 

Gaz'ites 

Gaz'zam 

Ge'ba 

Ge'bal 

Ge^bar 



Ge^ber 

Ge'bim 

Ged-a-lFab 

Ged'dur 

Ge'der 

Ge-de-'rab 

Ged'e-rlte 

Ge-de'roth 

Ged-e-roth-a'- 

im 
Ge'dir 
Ge'dor 
Ge-ba^i 
Gel'i-lotb 
Ge-mal / li 
Gem-a-rFab 
Gen-ne'us 
Ge-nes^-retb 



Gen'e-sis ) 

Jen'e-sis j 

Ge-ne'zar 

Gen'tlles ^ 

Jen'tilez ) 

Gen-u'bath 

Ge'on 

Ge'ra 

Ge'rab 

Ge r rar 

Ger'a-sa 

Ger'ga-sbi 

Ger'ga-skltes 

Ger-ge-senes' 

Ger'i-zim 

Ger'rffi-ans 

Ge^rin-i-ans 

Ger'sbom 



Elihw, generally pronounced EVihu. t El'i-pliaz.- 
Eph-ra/tah.—2. 1 EWbvAm.- 



-P.— Sm. 
-P. 



% E-ne'as.—P. 

% Evil-M&r'o-dach.- 



HA 


HA 


HE 


HO 


HY Wl 


Ger'shon 


Gib'bar 


Gil'a-lai 


Git'tite 


Go'pher wood 


Ger'shon-Ites 


Gib'be-thon 


Gil'bo-a* 


Git'tltes 


Gor'gi-as | 
Gor'je-as j 


Ger'shur 


Gib'e-a 


Gil'e-ad 


Git'tith 


Ge'sem 


Gib'e-ah 


Gil'e-ad-fte 


Gi'zo-nite 


Gor'ty-na 


Ge / shan 


Gib'e-ath 


Gil'gal 


Glede 


Go'sben 


Ge'shem. 


Gib'e-on 


Gi'loh 


Gni'dus ) 
Ni'duz f 


Go-thon'i-el 


Ge'sbur 


Gib'e-on-Ites 


Gi'lo-nlte 


Go'zan 


Gesh'u-ri 


Giblltes 


Gira'zo 


Go'atb 


Gra'ba 


Gesh'u-rites 


Gid-dal'ti 


Gi'nath 


Gob 


Gre'ci-a ) 
Gre'she-a j" 


Ge'thur 


Gid'del 


Gin'ne-tho 


Gog 


Geth-o-li'as 


Gid'e-on 


Gin'ne-tbon 


Golan 


Gud'go-dab 


Getb-sem'a-nS 


Gid-e-o'ni 


Gir'ga-shi 


Gol'go-tba 


Gu'ni 


Ge-u'el 


Gi'dom 


Gir'ga-sbltes 


Go-li'ah 


Gu'nites 


Ge'zer 


Gi'er Ea'gle ) 
Jy'er Eagle j 


Gis'pa 


Go-li'atb 


Gur 


Ge'zer-Ites 


Git'tab He'pher 


Go'mer 


Gnr-ba'al 


Gi'ah 


Gi'hon 


Git'ta-im 

H. 


Go-mor'rab 




HA-A-HASH'- 


Ha'mor 


Ha'tbatb 


Hen'a-dad 


Ho-di'ab 


TA-RI 


Ha'motb 


Hat'i-ta 


He'noeb 


Ho-di'jah 


Ha-ba'iah 


Ha'motb Dor 


Hat'til 


He'pber 


Ho'disb 


Hab'ak-kukt 


Ha-mu'el 


Hat-ti'pha 


He'pber-Ites 


Hoglab 


Hab-a-zi-ni'ah 


Ha'mul 


Hat'tusb 


Hepb'zi-bab 


HoTiam 


Ha-ber'ge-on 


Ha'nml-Ites 


Hau'ran 


He 'ram 


Holen 


Ha'bor 


Ha-mu'tal 


Hav'i-Iah 


He'res 


Hol-o-fer'nes 


Hach-a-li'ah 


Ha-nam'e-el 


Ha'voth Ja'ir 


He'resb 


Ho'lon 


Haeb'i-lah 


Ha'nan 


Ha'za-el 


Her'mas 


Ho'man, or 


Haeh'mo-ni 


Ha-nan'e-el 


Ha-zai'ah 


Her-mog'e-nes 


He'man 


Haeb'mo-nlte 


Han'a-ni 


Ha'zar Ad'dar 


Her'mon 


Ho'mer 


Ha'da 


Han-a-ni'ah 


Ha'zar E'nan 


Her'mon-ites 


Hopb'ni 


Ha'dad 


Ha'nes 


Ha'zar Gad'dah 


Her'od 


Hopb'rab 


Had-ad-e'zer 


Han'i-el 


Ha'zar Hat'ti-€on 


He-ro'di-an 


Hor 


Ha'dad Eim'mon 


Han'nah 


Ha'zar Ma'vetb 


He-ro'di-ans 


Hor-a-gid'dad 


Ha'dar 


Han'na-tbon 


Ha-za'rotb 


He-ro'di-as 


Ho'ram 


Had'a-sbah 


Han'ni-el 


Ha'zar Shu'el 


He'seb 


Ho'reb 


Ha-das'sa 


Ha'noeb 


Ha'zar Su'sab 


He'sed 


Ho'rem 


Ha-das'sah 


Ha'noeh-ites 


Ha'zar Su'sim 


Hesh'bon 


no'ri 


Ha-dat'tah 


Ha'nun 


Ha'zel El-po'ni 


Hesh'mon 


Ho'rim 


Ha'did 


Haph-a-ra'im 


Ha-ze'rim 


Hetb 


Ho'rites 


Hadla-i 


Ha'ra 


Ha-ze'roth 


Hetblon 


Hor'mab 


Ha-do'ram 


Har'a-dab 


Ha'zer Sbu'sim 


Hez'e-ki 


Hor-o-na'im 


Ha'draeh 


Har-a-i'ah 


Haz'e-zon Ta'mar 


Hez-e-ki'ab 


Hor'o-nltes 


Ha'gab 


Ha'ran 


Ha'zi-el 


He'zer, or 


Ho'sa, or 


Hag'a-bah 


Ha'ra-rTte 


Ha'zo 


He'zir 


Has'ab 


Hag'a-i 


Har-bo'na 


Ha'zor 


He-zi'a 


Ho-san'na 


Ha'gar 


Har-bo'nab 


Haz'u-bab 


He'zi-on 


Ho-se'a J 
Ho-ze'a f 


Ha-gar-ene$ r 


Ha'reph 


He'ber 


Hez'ra-i 


Ha'gar-ites 


Ha'reth 


He'ber-ites 


Hez'ro 


Hosb-a-i'ah 


Hag'ga-i 


Har'bas 


He'brews 


Hez'ron 


Hosb'a-ma 


Hag'ge-ri 


Har'ba-ta 


He'bron 


Hez'ron-Ites 


Ho-sbe'a 


Hag'gi 


Har'bur 


HeT)ron-ites 


Hid'da-i 


Ho'tbam 


Hag-gi'ah 


Ha'rim 


Heg'a-i 


Hid'de-kel 


Ho'tban 


Has'trires 


Ha'ripb 


He'ge 
Helab 


Ett'el 


Ho'tbir 


Hair'erith 


Har'ne-pber 


Hi-er'e-el 


Huk'kok 


Ha'i 


Ha'rod 


Helam 


Hi-er'e-motb 


Hul 


Hak'ka-tan 


Ha'rod-Ite 


Hel'bab 


Hi-er-i-elus 


Hul'dab 


Hak'koz 


Har'o-eh 


Hel'bon 


Hi-er'mas 


Hum'tab 


Ha-ku'pha 


Ha'ro-ite 


Hel-chi'ah 


Hi-er-on'y-mns 


Hu'pbam 


Halah 


Har'o-sbeth 


Hel'da-i 


Hig-sa'ion 


Hn'pbam-ites 


Ha'lae 


Har'sha 


Heleb 


Hilen 


Hup'pab 


Hali 


Ha'rum 


Heled 


Hil-ki'ab 


Hup'pim 


Hallnl 


Ha-ru'niaph 


Helek 


Hillel 


Hur 


Hal-le-ln^'ah ) 
Hal-le-lu'ydh J 


Ha-ru'phite 


Helek-ltes 


Hin 


Hu'rai 


Ha'ruz 


Helena 


Hin'nom 


Hu'ram 


Hal-lo'esb 


Has-a-di'ah 


Helepb 


Hi'rab 


Hn'ri 


Ham 


Has-e-nu'ah 


Helez 


Hi'ram 


Hu'sbab 


Ha'man 


Hasb-a-bi'ab 


Hell 


Hir-€a'nns 


Hu'sbai 


Ha'math. or 


Hash-ab'nah 


Hel'ka-i 


His-ki'jab 


Hu'sbam 


He'matb 


Hasb-ab-ni'ah 


Hel'katb 


Hit'tites 


Hn'sbatb-Ite 


Ha'math-ite 


Hasb-bad'a-na 


Hel'katb Haz'zu- 


Hi'vites 


Hu'sbim 


Ha'matb Zo'bah 


Ha'sbem 


rim 


Ho'ba. or 


Hu'sbub 


Ham'matb 


Hash-mo'nah 


Hel-ki'as 


Ho'bab 


nu-sbu'bali 


Ham-med'a-tha 


Ha'shum 


Helon 


Ho'bab 


Huz 


Ham'e-leeh 


Ha-shu'pha 


He'roan 


Hod 


Hu'zotb 


Ham'i-tal 


Has'rah 


He 'math, or 


Hod-a-i'ab 


Hnz'zab 


Ham-mol / e-ketb 


Has-se-na'ah 


Ha'matb 


Hod-a-yi'ab 


Hy-das'pes 


Ham'mon 


Ha-su'pba 


Hem'dan 


Ho-de'va 


Hy-e'na 


Ham'o-nab 


Ha'taeh ) 
Ha' tack, j 


Hen 


Ho-de'vah 


Hy-men-e'ns 


Ha'mon Gog 


He'na 






* 


Gil-bo'a.—P. 


NH + 


Ua-7/ak'kuk is more 


common. 



562 



JA 



JA 



JE 



JE 



JE 



IB'HAE 


Ilai 


Ib'le-am 


Im'lah 


Ilj-nei'ah 


Im'mah 


lb-ni'jah 


Im-inan'u-el 


Ib'ri 


Iin'mer 


Ib'zan 


Im'na, or 


Ieh'a-bod 


Im'nah 


I-eo'ni-um 


Im'rah 


Id'a-lan 


Im'ri 


Id'bash 


I-o'ta 


Id'do 


Iph-e-dei'ah 


Id'u-el 


Ir 


Id-u-mse'a 


Fra 


Id-u-mae'ans 


Frad 


Fgal 


Fram 


Jg-da-li'ah 


Fri 


Jsr-e-ab'a-rim 


I-ri'jah 


Ig'e-al 


Ir'na-hash 


Fjon 


Fron 


Ik'kesh 


Ir'pe-el 



Ir-she'mish 


Ish'me-rai 


Ith'nan 


Fru 


Fshod 


Ith'ra 


Fsa-ae \ 
Pzak f 


Ish'pan 


Ith'ran 


Ish'tob 


Ith're-am 


Fsa'iah ) 
I-za'yah f 


Ish'u-a 


Ith'rites 


Ish'u-ai 


It'tah Ka'zin 


Is'eah 


Is-ma-chi'ah 


It'ta-i 


Is-ear'i-ot 


Is-ma-i'ah 


It-u-re'a 


Is'da-el 


Is'pah 


Fvah 


Ish'bah 


Is'ra-el * 


Iz'e-har 


Ish'bak 


Is'ra-el-ites 


Iz'har 


Ish'bi Be'nob 


Is'sa-char 


Iz'har-Ite 


Ish'bo-sheth 


Is-tal-eu'rus 


Iz-ra-hi'ah 


Fshi 


Is'u-i 


Iz'ra-hlte 


I-shi'ah 


Is'u-ites 


Iz-ra-i'ah, or 


I-shi'jah 


Itfa-ly 


Is-ra-i'ah 


Ish'ma 


Ith'a-i, or It'a-i 


Iz're-el 


Ish'ma-el 


Ith'a-mar 


Iz'ri 


Ish'ma-el-ites 


ItM-el 


Iz'rites 


Ish-ma-i'ah 


Ith'mab. 





JA'A-KAN 

Ja-ak'o-bah 

Ja-a'la 

Ja-a'lah 

Ja-a'lam 

Ja'a-nai 

Ja-ar-e-or'a-gim 

Ja-as-a-ni'a 

Ja / a-sau 

Ja-a'si-el 

Ja-a'zah 

Ja-az-a-ni'ah 

Ja-a'zar 

Ja-a-zi'ah 

Ja-a'zi-el 

Ja'bal 

Jab'bok 

Ja'besh 

Ja'bez 

Ja'bin 

Jab'ne-el 

Jab'neh 

Ja'chan 

Ja'chin 

Ja'chin-ftes 

Ja'eob 

Ja-€o'bus 

Ja'da 

Jad-du'a 

Ja'don 

Ja'el 

Ja'gur 

Jab. 

Ja-ha'le-el 

Ja-hal'e-lel 

Ja'hath 

Ja'haz 

Ja-ha'za 

Ja-haz'zah 

Ja-ha-zi'ah 

Ja-ha'zi-el 

Jah'da-i 

Jah'di-el 

Jah'do 

Jah'le-el 

Jah'le-el-ites 

Jah'ma-i 

Jah'zah 

Jab/ze-el 



Jah'ze-el-ites 

Jah'ze-rah 

Jah'zi-el 

Ja'ir 

Ja'ir-Ites 

Ja'i-ras ) 

Ja'e-rus ) 

Ja'kan 

Ja'keh 

Ja'kim 

Jak'kim 

Ja'lon 

Jam'bres 

Jam'bri 

James 

Ja'min 

Ja'min-ftes 

Jamlech 

Jam'na-an 

Jam-m'a 

Jam'mtes 

Jan'na 

Jan'nes 

Ja-no'ah 

Ja-noliah 

Ja'num 

Ja'phet 

Ja'pheth 

Ja-pbi'ah 

Japh/let 

Japh'le-ti 

Ja'pho 

Jar 

Ja'rah 

Ja'reb 

Ja'red 

Jar-e-si'ah 

Jar'ha 

Ja'rib 

Jar'muth 

Ja-ro'ah 

Jas'a-el 

Ja'shem 

Ja'shen 

Ja'sher 

Ja-sbo / be-am 

Jash'ub 

Jasb/u-bi Le'hem 

Jasb/ub-Ites 



Ja'si-el 

Ja-su'bus 

Ja'tal 

Jatb'ni-el 

Jat'tir 

Ja'van 

Ja'zar 

Ja'zer 

Ja'zi-el 

Ja'ziz 

Je'a-rim 

Je-at'e-rai 

Je-ber-e-€bi / ah 

Je'bus 

Je-bu^i 

Jeb'u-sites 

Jee-a-mi'ah 

Jee-o-li / ah 

Jee-o-ni'ab 

Je-da'ia ) 

Je-dd'ya j 

Je-da'iah 

Jed-de'us 

Jed'du 

Jed-e-dl'ab. 

Je-dei'ah 

Je-dKa-el 

Jed'i-ab 

Je'di-el 

Jed'u-thun 

Je-eli 

Je-e'zer 

Je-e'zer-Ites 

Je'gar Sa-ba-du / - 

tba 
Je-hale-el 
Je-hal'e-lel 
Je-ba'zi-el 
Jeh-deT'ab 
Je-bei'el 
Je-hez'e-kel 
Je-bi'ab 
Je-bi'el 
Je-bi'e-li 
Je-hish'a-i 
Je-bis-ki'ab 
Je-ho'a-dab 
Je-ho-ad / dan 
Je-bo'a-baz 



Je-ho'ash 

Je-ho'ha-dab. 

Je-bo'ba-nan 

Je-bo^a-ehin 

Je-boi'a-da 

Je-boi'a-kim 

Je-hoi/a-rib 

Je-hon'a-dab 

Je-hon'a-tban 

Je-bo'ram 

Je-ho-shab'e-ath 

Je-hosh'a-pbat 

Je-bosb'e-ba 

Je-hosb'u-a 

Je-ho'vah 

Je-ho'vab Ji'retb 

Je-ho'vah Kis'si 

Je-ho'vab Shal'- 

lom 
Je-bo'vab Sham / - 

mab 
Je-bo'vab Tsid'- 

ke-nu 
Je-hoz'a-bad 
Je-'bu 

Je-bub'bab. 
Je'hu-eal 
Je'bnd 
Je-hu'di 
Je-hu-di'jah 
Je'bnsb 
Je-i'el 
Je-kab'ze-el 
Jek-a-me'am 
Jek-a-mi'ab 
Je-kn'thi-el 
Jem'i-ma t 
Je-mu'el 
Jeph'tbah 
Je-phun / neb. 
Je'rab 

Je-rahm / e-el 
Je-rabm / e-el-Ites 
Jer'e-ebus 
Je'red 
Jer'e-mai 
Jer-e-mi / ah 
Jer'e-moth 
Jer'e-moutb 



I Je-ri'ah 
Jer'i-bai 
Jer'i-eho 
Je'ri-el 
Je-ri'jah 
Jer'i-moth 
Je'ri-oth 
Jer-o-bo'am 
Jer'o-don 
Jer'o-ham 
Je-rnb^a-al 
Je-rub'e-sbetb 
Jer'u-el 
Je-ru'sa-lem 
Je-ru'sba 
Je-sa^ah 
Jesh-a-i'ah 
Jesb'a-nah 
Jesh-ar'e-lab 
Jesb-eb'e-ab 
Jesb-eb'e-ah 
Je'sher 
Jesb'i-mon 
Je-sbish'a-I 
Jesh-o-ba-i'ah 
Jesb/u-a 
Jesh'n-run 
Je-si'ab 
Je-sim'i-el 
Jes'se 
Jes'u-a 
Jes'u-i 
Je'stjs 
Je'tber 
Je'theth 
Jeth'lab 
Je'tbro 
Je'tur 
Je'u-el 
Je'nsb 
Je'uz 
Jew'iy 
Jez 7 a-bel 
Jez-a-ni'ah 
Je-ze'lus 
Je'zer 
Je'zer-Ites 
Je-zi'ab 
Je'zi-el 



* The letter s has commonly the sound of z when it comes (in these circumstances) before a liquid, 
as in dismal, &c. Smart gives the s in Israelites the sound of s, and Worcester marks both words as 
pronounced with the sound of z. t Jem-i'ma. — P., F. & K., T. 







MA 


MA 


MA 


MA 


MA 563 




Jez-li'ah 


Jo-an'nan 


Joi'a-rib 


Jor'i-bas 


Jos-i-phi'ah 




Jez'o-ar 


Jo'ash 


Jok'dc-am 


Jo'rim 


Jofbah 




Jez-ra-hi'ah 


Jo'a-tham 


Jo'kim 


Jor'ko-am 


Jot'bath 




Jez're-el 


Jo-a-zab'dus 


Jok'me-an 


Jos'a-bad 


Jot'ba-tha 




Jez're-el-Tte 


Job J 
Jobe ) 


Jok'ne-ain 


Jos'a-phat 


Jo'tham 




Jez're-el-I-tess 


Jok'shan 


Jos-a-phi'as 


Joz'a-bad 




Jib'sam 


Jo'bab 


Jok'tan 


Jo'se 


Joz'a-ehar 




Jid'laph 


Joeh'e-bed 


Jok'the-el 


Jos'e-deeh 


Joz'a-dak 




Jim'la, or Imla 


Jo'da 


Jo'na 


Jo'se-el 


Ju'bal 




Jim'na, or 


Jo'ed 


Jon'a-dab 


Jo'seph 


Ju'cal 




Jim'nah 


Jo'el 


Jo'nah 


Jo-se'phus 


Ju-dai'a 




Jim'nites 


Jo-elah 


Jo'nan 


Jo'ses 


Ju'dah 




Jiph'tah 


Jo-e'zer 


Jo'nas 


Josh'a-bad 


Ju'das 




Jiph'thah-el 


Jog'be-ah 


Jon'a-than 


Jo'shah 


Jude 




Jo'ab 


Jog'li 


Jo'nath E'lim Ke- 


Josh'a-pbat 


Ju'dith 




Jo'a-€haz 


Jo'ha 


eho'ehim 


Josh-a-vi'ah 


Ju'el 




Jo-a-da'nus 


Jo-ha'nan 


Jop'pa 


Josh-bek'a-sha 


Ju'li-a 




Jo'ah 


John ) 
Jon j 


Jo'ra 


Josb'u-a 


Ju'ni-a 




Jo'a-haz 


Jo'ra-I 


Jo-si'ah 


Ju-shab'he-sed 




Jo'a-kim 


Joi'a-da 


Jo'rara 


Jo-si'as 


Jus'tus 




Jo-an'na 


Joi'a-kim 


Jor'dan 

K. 


Jos-i-bi'ab 


Jut'tah 




KAB 


Ke'dar 


Ker-en-hap'pueh } 
Ker-en-hap'puk ) 


Kir'jatb 


Kithlish 




Kab'ze-el 


Ked'e-mah 


Kir'i-oth 


Kit'ron 




Ka'des 


Ked'e-moth 


Ke'ri-oth 


Kir'jath Ar'ba 


Kit'tiui 




Ka'desh, or 


Ke'desh 


Ke'ros 


Kir'jath A'im 


Ko'a 




■Ga'desh 


Ke-hel'a-thah 


Ke-tu'ra 


Kir'jath A'riin 


Ko'hath 




Ka'desh Bar'- 


Kei'lah 


Ke-tu'rah 


Kir'jath A'ri-us 


Ko'hath-Ttes 




ne-a 


Ke-la'iah 


Ke-zi'a 


Kir'jath Ba'al 


Kol-a-i'ah 




Kad'mi-el 


Kel'i-ta 


Ke'ziz 


Kir'jath Hu'zoth 


Ko'rah 




Kad'mon-Ites 


Kel-katb.-b.a-zu/- 


Kib'roth Hat-ta'a- 


Kir'jath Je'a-rim 


Ko'rah-Ttes 




Kal'la-I 


rim 


vah 


Kir'jath San'nah 


Ko'rath-Ites 




Ka'nah 


Ke-mu'el 


Kib'za-iin 


Kir'jath Se'pher 


Ko're 




Ka-re'ah 


Ke'nah 


Kid'ron 


Kish 


Kor'hTte 




Kar'ka-a 


Ke'nan 


Ki'nah 


Kish'i 


Kor'hites 




KarTtor 


Ke'nath 


Kir 


Kish'i-on 


Korltes 




Kar'na-im 


Ke'naz 


Kir-har'a-seth 


Ki'shon, or 


Koz 




Kar'tah 


Kenltes 


Kir'he-resh 


Ki'son 


Kush-ai'ah 




Kar'tan 


Ken'niz-zites 


Kir'i-eth, or 

I. 








LA'A-DAH 


Lap'i-doth 


Le'shem 


Lik^hi 


Lnd 




La'a-dan 


La-se'a 


Let'tus 


Lo-am'mi 


Lu'dim 




La'ban 


La'shah 


Le-tu'shim 


Lod 


Lu'hith 




Lab'a-na 


La-sha'ron 


Le-um'inim 


Lod'e-bar 


Luke 




La'ehish 


Las'the-nes 


Le'vi 


Log 


Luz . 




La-eu'nus 


Laz'a-rus 


Le-vi'a-than 


Lo'is 


Lyc-a-o'ni-a 




La'dan 


Le'ah 


Le'vis 


Lo Bu'ha-mah 


Lyc'ea 




La'el 


LeVa-nab. 


Le'vltes 


Lot 


Lyd'da 




La'had 


Leb'a-non 


Le-vit'i-eus 


Lo'tan 


Lyd'i-a 




La-hai'roi 


Leb'a-oth 


Lib'a-nua 


Loth-a-su^us 


Ly-sa'ni-as - 




Lah'man 


Leb-be'us* 


Lib'nah 


Lo'zon 


Lys'i-a | 
Lish'e-a f 




Lah'mas 


Le-bo'nah 


Lib'ni 


Lu'bim 




Lah'ini 


Le'ehah 


Lib'nites 


Lu'bims 


Lys'i-as ) 
Lysh'e-as J 




La'ish 


Le'ha-bim 


Lib'y-a 


Lu'cas 




La'kum 


Le'hi 


Lig-nal'oes 


Lu'ci-fer 


Lys'tra 




La'meeh 


Lem'u-el 


Li'gure 

I. 


Lu/ci-us 






MA'A-€AH 


Ma-a-sei'ah 


Maeh-be-loth 


Ma'di-an 


Ma'gor Mis'sa-bib 




Ma'a-ehah 


Ma-a-si'ah 


Ma'chi 


Mad-man'nah 


Mag'pi-ash 




Ma-aeh'a-thi 


Ma'ath 


Ma'ehir 


Mad-me'nah 


Ma'ha-lah 




Ma-a€h'a-thltes 


Ma'az 


Ma'ehir-Ites 


Ma'don 


Ma'ha-lath Le- 




Ma-ad'ai 


Ma-a-zi'ah 


Maeh'mas 


Ma-e'lus 


an'noth 




Ma-a-di'ah 


Mab'da-i 


Maeh-na-de'bai 


Mag'bish 


Ma'ha-lath Mas'- 




Ma-a'i 


Mae'a-lon 


Maeh-pelah 


Mag'da-la 


ehil 




Ma-al'eh A-erab'- 


Mae-ea-bne'us 


Matron 


Jrag'da-len 


Ma-hale-el 




bim 


Mae'ea-bees 


Mad'a-i 


^Nlag-da-le'ne t 


Ma'ha-li 




Ma'a-nai 


Maeh'be-nah 


Ma-di'a-bun 


Mag'di-el 


Ma-ha-na'im 




Ma'a-rath 


Mael/be-nai 


Ma-di'ah 


Ma'gog 


Ma'ha-neh Dan 




*Z 


eh'be-xcs. — P. 




+ Jfag'da-lene- 


_p_ 





564 NA 


NA 


NA 


NE 


NE 


Ma'ha-nem 


Mar'i-sa 


Me-hu'nims 


Me-sbuWe-mith 


MFshe-al 


Ma-bar'a-i 


Mar'moth 


Me-jar'kon 


Mes'o-bah 


Misb'ma 


Ma'hatb 


Ma'roth 


Mek/o-nah 


Mes'o-ba-Ite 


Misb-man'na 


Ma'ha-vites 


Mar're-kah 


Mel-a-tFah 


Mes-o-po-ta'tiii-a 


Misb'ra-Ites 


Ma'haz 


Mar'se-na 


MeFehi 


Mes-si'ab 


Mis'par 


Ma-ha'zi-oth 


Mar'te-na 


Mel-ehFah 


Mes-si'as 


Mis'pe-retb. 


Ma'ber-shal-al- 


Mar'tha 


Mel-ebFas 


Me-te'rus 


Mis'pba 


hash'baz 


Ma'ry 


MeF-ehi-el 


Me'theg Am / mah 


Mis'phab 


Mahlah 


Ma'sa 


Mel-ebis'e-dek 


Metb're-datb 


Mis'ra-im 


Mahli 


Mas'ehil 


Mel-ehi-shu/a 


Me-thn'sa-el 


Mis-re-photb-ma 7 - 


Mah'lites 


Mas'e-loth 


Me-le'a 


Me-thiFse-la 


im 


Mah'lon 


Mash 


Me'leeb 


Me-tbu'se-lab 


Mitb'cab 


Mai-aiFe-as 


Ma'shal 


MeFi-ta 


Me-u'nim 


Mith'nTte 


Ma'kas 


Mas'man 


MeFli-eu 


Mez'a-bab 


Mith'ri-dath 


Ma^ed 


Mas'moth 


MeFzar 


Mi'a-min 


MFzar 


Ma-keloth 


Mas're-kah 


MenFpbis 


Mib'bar 


Miz'pab 


Mak-ke'dah 


Mas'sah 


Me-mu'ean 


Mib'sam 


Miz'peh 


Mak'tesh 


Mas-sFas 


MeiFa-hem 


Mib'zar 


Miz'ra-im 


MaFa-ehi 


Ma'tred 


Me'nan 


MFeab 


Miz'zah 


MaFsham 


Ma'tri 


Me'ne 


Mi-ca'iah ) 
Mi-ka'ya j" 


Mria'son ) 
Ma' son j 


Mal-ehFah 


Mat/tan 


Me'nith 


MaFebi-el 


Mat'tan-nah 


Men'o-thai 


Mi'eha 


Mo'ab 


, MaFchi-el-ites 


Mat-ta-nFah 


Me-orFe-nem 


Mi'oba-el 


Mo'ab-Ites 


Mal-ehFjab 


Mat/ta-tha 


Meph'a-ath 


Mi'ehab 


Mo-a-di^h 


Mal-ebFram 


Mat-ta-thFas 


Me-phib'o-sheth 


Mi-€ha'iab 


Mock'mur 


Mal-€bi-sbiFah 


Mat-te-na'i 


Me'rab 


MFebel 


Mock'ram 


MaFebom 


Mat'tban 


Mer-a-Fah 


Mieb'mas ) 
Mik'mas j 


Mo'din 


MaFehus 


Mat'tbat 


Me-ra'ioth ) 
Me-ra'yoth j 


Mo'etb 


MaFlas 


Mat-the'Ias 


Mieh'masb 


MoFa-dah 


MaFlo-tbi 


Mat'thew ) 
Matli'ew \ 


Me'ran 


Mieh'me-tbab 


Mo'leeh I 
Mo'lek X 


Mallueh 


Mer'a-ri 


Mieb'ri 


Ma-ma'ias 


Mat-tbFas 


Mer'a-rites 


Mieb'tam 


Moli 


Mam'mon 


Mat-ti-thFah 


Mer-a-tha'im 


Mid'din 


Molid 


Mam-ni-ta-naF- 


Maz-i-ti'as 


Me'red 


Mid'i-an 


Mo'lofi ) 
Mo'lok X 


mus 


Maz'za-roth 


Mer'e-moth 


Mid'i-an-Ttes 


ManFre 


Me'ah 


Me'res 


Mig'da-lel 


Mon^dis 


Ma-rau'eus 


Me-a'ni 


Mer'i-bah 


Mig'dal Gad 


Mo-o-si / as 


Man'a-en 


Me-a'rah 


Mer'i-bab Ka'desh 


Mig'dol 


Mo'rash-Ite 


Man'a-hath 


Me-bu'nai 


Me-rib'ba-al 


Mig'ron 


Mo'ras-thlte 


MaiFa-hem 


MeclFe-rath 


Mer'i-moth 


Mif'a-min 


Mor'de-eai 


Ma-na'hetb-Ites 


Meeh'e-rath-ite 


Me-ro'daeh 


Mik'loth 


Mo'reb 


Man-as-se'as 


Me'dad 


BaFa-dan 


Mik-nei'ab 


Mor'esh-etb Gatb 


Ma-nas'seh 


Med'a-lah 


Me'rom 


Mil-a-la'i 


Mo-ri'ab 


Ma-nas'sites 


Me'dan 


Me-rorFo-thite 


Mil r €ab 


Mo-se'ra 


Ma'neh 


Med'e-ba 


Me'roz 


MiFeha 


Mo-se'rab. 


Man-ha-na'im 


Medes 


Me'ruth 


MiFebah 


Mo'ses | 


Ma'ni 


Me'di-a 


Me'seeb ) 
ITe'seJc ) 


MiFeom 


Mo'zes X 


MaiFna 


Me'di-an 


MiFlo 


Mo-soFlam 


Ma-no'ah 


Me-e'da 


Me'sha 


MFna 


Mo-so'rotb 


Ma'oeh 


Me-gid'do 


Me'sbaeb 


Mi-ni'a-min 


Mo-suFla-mon 


Ma'on 


Me-gid'don 


Me'sbeeb ? 
Me'sliek j 


Min'ni 


Mo'za 


Ma'on-ites 


Me-ba'li 


Min'riith 


Mo'zab 


Ma'ra 


Me-het'a-bel 


Mesb-el-e-mi'ab 


Mipb'kad 


Mup'pitn 


Ma'rah 


Me-hFda 


Me-sbez'a-bel 


Mir'i-am 


Mu'sbi 


Mar'a-lah 


Me'hir 


Me-sbez'a-be-el 


Mir'ma 


Mu'sbites 


Mar-a-natb'a 


Me-hoFath-ite 


Me-sbil-la'mitb 


Mis'gab 


Mutb-lab'beu 


Mar-do-ebe'us 


Me-hu'ja-el 


Me-sbiFle-moth 


Mish'a-el 


MyiFdus 


Ma-re'shah 


Me-bu'inan 


Me-sbo^bah 


Mi'sbal 


My'ra 


Mark 


Me-hu'nim 


Me-sbuFlam 

N. 


Mi'sham 


Myt-e-le'ne 


NA'AM 


Na'ebor 


Na'i-dus 


Natb-a-ni'as 


]S[eb-u-€bad- 


Na'a-mah 


Na'dab 


Na'im 


Na'than Me'- 


nez'zar 


Na'a-man* 


Na-dab'a-tha 


Na'in 


lecb 


Neb-u-ehad- 


Na'a-ma-thite 


Nag'ge 


Na'ioth 


Na'um 


rez'zar 


Na'a-mltes 


Na-ba'bi 


Na-ne'a 


Na've 


Neb-u-ehod-on / o- 


Na'a-rah 


Na-ba'li-el 


Na'o-mit 


Naz-a-rene r 


sor 


Na'a-rai 


Na-hallal 


NapVi-si 


Naz-a-renes' 


Ncb-u-ehas'ban 


Na'a-ran 


Na'ba-lol 


Naph'tha-li 


Naz'a-retb 


Neb-u-zar'a-dan 


Na'a-rath 


Na'ham 


Napb'thar 


Naz'a-rlte 


Ne'cho 


Na-asb'on 


Na-ham'a-ni 


Naph'tu-him 


Ne'ab 


Ne-eo'dau 


Na'a-thus 


Na-har'a-i 


Na'pisb 


Ne-a-rFab. 


Ned-a-bFab 


Na'bal 


Na'bash 


Nas'bas 


Neb'a-i 


Ne-e-inFas 


Nab-a-rFas 


Na'bath 


Na'sbon 


Ne-bfti'otb 


Neg'i-notb 


Na-ba-the'ans 


Nab/bi 


Na'sitb 


Ne-ba'iotb 


Ne-beFa-mlte 


Na'bath-Ites 


Na^ior 


Na'sor 


Ne-baFlat 


Ne-Le-mi'ab 


Na'botb 


Nab'shon 


Na'tban 


Ne'bat 


Ne-he-mFas 


Na'ehon 


KVhum 


Na-tban'a-el 


Ne'bo 


Ne'buin 





* N~a-a'man. — P. 




t Na-o'mi.—V 





RA 



RA 



RA 



RA 



RA 565 



Ne-hush'ta 

Ne-hush'tah 

Ne-hush'tan 

Ne'i-el 

Ne'keb 

Ne-ko'da 

Ne-mu'el 

Ne-mu'el -Ite9 

Ne'pheg 

Ne'phi 

Ne'phis 

Ne'phish 

Ne-phish'e-sim 

Neph'tha-li 



Nep'tho-ah 


Ne-toph'a-thltes 


Nin'e-veh 


No'ga, or 


Neph'tu-im 


Ne-zi'ah 


Nin'e-vltes 


No'srah 


Ne-phu'sim 


Ne'zib 


Ni'san 


No'hah 


Ner 


Nib'bas 


Nis'roeh ) 


Nom 


Ne're-us 


Nib'shan 


Niz'rok X 


Nom'a-des 


Ner'gal 


Nie-o-de'mus 


No-a-di'an 


No-me'ni-us 


Ner'gal Sha-re'zer 


Nie-o-la'i-tans 


No'ah, or 


Noa 


Ne'ri 


Nie'o-las 


No'e 


Noph | 
Xoff \ 


Ne-ri'ah 


Nim'rah 


Nob 


Ne-than'e-el 


Nim'rim 


No'bah 


No'phah 


Neth-a-ni'ah 


Nim'rod 


Nod 


Nun (the father 


Neth'i-nims 


Nim'shi 


No'dab 


of Joshua) 


Ne-to'phah 


Nin'e-ve 


Eo'e-ba 


Nym/phas 


Ne-toph'a-thi 









0. 



OB-A-DI'AH 

O'bal 
Cbed 

O'bed E'dom 
O'beth 
O'bil 
Cboth 
O'ehi-el 
Oc-i-delus ) 
Os-i-de'lus \ 
Oc'i-na | 
Os'i-na J 
Oe'ran 
O'ded 



0-dollam 


O'nam 


O'phir 


Od-on-ar'kes 


O'nan 


Oph'ni 


O'had 


O-nes'i-mus 


Oph'rah 


On-e-siph'o-rus 


O'reb 


O'hel 


O-ni'a-res 


O'ren, or 


Ol'a-mus 


O-ni'as 


O'ran 


Ol'i-vet 


O'no 


O-ri'on 


O-lym'phas 


O'nus 


Or'nan 


Om-a-e'rus 


O-ny'as 


Or'phah ) 
Or'fa X 


O'mar 


On'y-eha ) 
On'e-ka j 


O-me'ga 


Or-tho-si'as 


O'mer 


O'nyx 
O'phel 


O-sai'as 


Om'ri 


O-se'as 


On 


O'pher 





O'see 

O'she-a 

Os'pray 

Os'si-frage 

Oth'ni 

Oth'ni-el 

Oth-o-ni'as 

O'zem 

O-zi'as 

O'zi-el 

Oz'ni 

Oz'nites 

O-zo'ra 



PA'A-KAI 

Pa'dan 

Pa'dan A'ram 

Pa'don 

Pa'gi-el 

Pa'hath Mo'ab 

Pa'i 

Palal 

Pal'es-tlne 

Pal'lu 

Pal'lu-Ites 

Pal'ti 

Pal'ti-el 

Pal'tite 

Pan'nag 

Par'a-dise 

Pa'rah 

Pa'ran . 

ParHbar 

Par-mash'ta 

Par'me-nas 

Par'nath 

Par'naeh 

Pa'rosh 

Par-shan'da-tha 

Par'u-ah 

Par-va'im 

Pa'saeh 

Pas-dam'min 

Pa-se'ah 

Pash'ur 

Pass'o-ver 



Pat'a-ra 

Pa-te'o-li 

Pa-the'us 

Path'ros 

Path-ru'sim 

Pat'ro-bas 

Pa'u 

Paul 

Ped'a-hel 

Ped'ah-zur 

Ped-ai'ah 

Pe'kah 

Pek-a-hi'ab. 

Pe'kod 

Pel-a-i'ah 

Pel-a-li'ah, 

Pel-a-ti'ah 

Peleg 

Pelet 

Peleth 

Pe'leth-ites 

Pe-li'as 

Pel'o-nlte 

Pe-ni'el 

Pe-nin'nah 

Pen'ni-nah 

Pen-tap'o-lis 

Pen'ta-teueh 

Pen'ta-teuk 

Pen'te-eost* 

Pe-nu'el 

Pe'or 



Per'a-zim 

Pe'resh 

Pe'rez 

Pe'rez TJz'za 

Per'ga 

Per'ga-mos 

Pe-ri'da 

Per'iz-zites 

Per'me-nas 

Per-u'da 

Peth-a-hi'ah 

Pe'thor 

Pe-thu'el 

Pe-ul'thai 

Phae'a-reth 

Phai'sur 

Phal-da'ius ) 

Fal-da'yus ) 

Pha-le'as 

Pha'leg 

Phallu 

Phal'ti 

Phal'ti-el 

Pha-nu'el 

Phar'a-cim 

Pha'ra-oh ) 

Fa'ro X 

Phar-a-tho'ni 

Pha'rez 

Pha'rez-ites 

Phar'i-sees 

Pha'rosh 



Phar r phar 

Phar'zites 

Pha'se-ab. 

Pha-se'lis 

Phas'i-ron 

Phe^be 

Phe-ni'ce 

Phib'e-seth 

Phi'eol 

Phi-lar'ehes 

Phi-le'mon 

Phi-le'tus 

Phi-lis'ti-a 

Phi-lis'tim 

Phi-lis'tines ) 

Fi-lis'tins ) 

Phi-lol'o-gus 

Phil-o-me'tor 

Phin^-as 

Phin'e-has 

Phi'son 

Phle'gon 

Pho'ros 

Phul, rhymes dull 

Phur 

Phu'rah 

Phut, rhymes nut 

Phu'vah 

Phy-gellus I 

Phy-jel'lus f 

Phy-'lae'te-ries 

Pi-ha-hi'roth 



Pilate 

Pil'dash 

Pil'e-tha 

PiFtai 

Pi'non 

Pi'ra 

Pi'ram 

Pir'a-thon 

Pir'a-thon-ite 

Pis'gah 

Pi'son 

Pis'pah 

Python 

Poch'e-reth 

Pon'ti-us Pi'late 

Por'a-tha 

Pot'i-phar 

Po-tipb/e-ra 

Proeh'o-rus 

Pu'a, or 

Pu'ah 
Pu'dens 
Pu'hltes 
Pul 

Pu'nltes 
Pu r non 
Pur, or 

Pu'rim 
Put, rhymes nut 
Pu-te'o-li 
Pu'ti-el 
Py'garg 



E. 



RA'A-MAH 

Ea-a-mi'ah 

Ea-am'ses 

Eab'bah 

Eab'bath 

Eab'bat 



EabO)! 

Eab'bith 

Eab-bo'ni 

Eab'mag 

Eab'sa-ces 

Eab'sa-ris 



Eab'sha-keh 
Ea'ca, or 
Ea'€ha 
Ea 7 €ab 
Ea'€al 
Ea'chab 



Ea'chel 
Ra'tchel 
Ead'da-i 
Ea'gau 
Ea'ges \ 
Ra'jez X 



Eag'u-a 

Ea-ffu'el 

Ea'hab 

Ea'ham 

Ra'keni 

Eak'kath 



* Pentecost. — The regular pronunciation, Pentecost, is given by Perry, and is now more common. 



1 - -■■ 

5SS SA 


SE 


SH 


SH 


SH 


Eak'kon 


Ea'pbu 


Ee-bo^otb 


Ee'sbeph 


Ein'nab 


Earn 


Eas'sis 


Ee'hu 


Ee'u 


Ei'pbatb ) 
By'fath f 


Ea'ma, or 


Eatb'u-mus 


Be'bum 


Eeu'ben 


Ea'mab 


Ba'zis 


Ke'i 


Ee-u'el t 


Eis'pab 


Ba'matb 


Ee-a-i'ab 


Ee'kem 


Eeu'mab 


Eis'sab 


Ea-math-a / im 


Ee'ba 


Bem-a-li'ab 


Ee'zepb 


Eitb'mah 


Eam'a-tbem 


Ee-bee'ea 


Be'inetb 


Ee-zi'a 


Eo-ge'lim 


Ea'math-ite 


Ee'ebab 


Eem'mon 


Ee'zin 


Eoh'gab | 
Ro'ga j 
Eo'i-mus 


Ea'math Le'hi 


Be'ebab-ites 


Eem'mon 


Ee'zon 


Ba'matb Mis'peb 


Be'ebab } 
Be'/ca J 


Metb'o-ar 


Ehe'gi-um | 
Re'je-um ) 


Ba-me'ses* 


Bem'pban 


Eo-mam-ti-e'zer 


Ea-mi'ab 


Be-el-M'ab 


Bem'pbis 


Ebe'sa ) 
Be'sa ) 


Eosb 


Ba'motb 


Be-el-i'as 


Be'pba-el 


Eu'by 


Ea'motb Gil'e-ad 


Eee-sa'ias 


Be'pbab 


Ebo'da 


Sulfas 


Ea'pha 


Be'gem 


Bepb-a-i'ah 


Ebod'o-eus 


Eu^a-mab 


Ba'pba-el 


Be-gem/me-leeb 


Eepb'a-im 


Ei'bai 


Eu/mab 


Ea'phael — 


Be'gom 
Ee-ba-bi'ab 


Eepb/a-iina 


Eib'lab 


Eus'ti-exis 


Ea'phab 


Bepb'i-dim 


Eirn'mon 


Eutb I 
Booth \ 


Bapb'a-im 
Ba'pbon 


Ee'bob 


Ee'sen 


Eim / mon Pa'rez 


Be-bo-bo'am 


S. 

Sed-e-ci'as ) 
Sed-e-si'as f 






SA-BA€-THA'NI 


Sam'son 


BhaWum 


She'kel 


Sab'a-otb, or 


Sam'u-el 


SbaFma-i 


Sbe'lah 


Sab-a'otb 


San-a-bas'sa-rus 


Se'gub 


Shal'man 


Sbe'lan-ites 


Sa'bat 


San'a-sib 


Se'ir 


Sbal-ma-ne'ser 


Shel-e-mi'ab 


SaVa-tus 


San-bal'lat 


Se'i-rath 


Sha'ma 


Sbe'lepb 


Sab'ban 


San'be-drim 


Sela 


Sbam-a-ri / ab 


Sbelesh 


Sab'batb 


San-san'nab 


Se'la Ham-mab- 


Sba'med 


SbeFo-mi 


Sab-ba-the'ua 


Sapb 


le'kotb 


Sha'mer 


SbeFo-mitb 


Sab-be'us 


Sa'phat 


Se'lab 


Shanygar 


SbeKo-motb 


Sab-de'us 


Sapb-a-ti'as 


Seled 


Sbam'butb 


Sbe-lu'rui-el 


Sab'di 


Sa'pbetb 


Sel-e-mi'as 


Sba'mir 


Shem 


Sa-be'ans 


Sapb'ir 


Sem 


Sbam'ma 


She'ma 


Sa'bi 


Sap-phi'ra 


Sem-a-sbFah 


Sbam'mab 


SbemVab 


SaVtah 


Sap'pbire 


Sem-a-i'ab 


Sbam'ma-I 


Sbem-a-i'ab 


Sab'te-eha 


Sa'ra, or 


Sem-a-i'as 


Sbam'motb 


Sbem-a-ri'ab 


Sa'ear 


Sa'rai 


Sem / e-i 


Sham-mu / a 


Sbem'e-ber 


Sad-a-mi'as 


Sar-a-bi'as 


Se-mel'le-us 


Sham-mu'ab 


Sbe'mer 


Sa'das 


Sar-a-i'ab 


Se'mis 


Sham-sbe-ra'I 


Sbe-mi'da 


Sad-de'us 


Sa-nVias 


Sen'a-ab 


Sba'pbam 


Sbem'i-nitb 


Sad'due 


Sa-ram / a-el 


Sen-a-ebe'rib % 


Sba'pban 


She-mir'a-moth 


Sad'du-cees 


Sar'a-mel 


Se'neb 


Sba x pbat 


Sbe-mu^l 


Sa'doe 


Sa'rapb 


Se'nir 


Sha'pber 


Sben 


Sa-ba-du'tba 


Sar-ebed'o-nus 


Sen'u-ah 


Sbar'a-i 


Sbe-na^ar 


Bala 


Sar'de-us 


Se-o'rim 


Sbar'a-im 


Sbe'nir 


Balah 


Sar'dine 


Se^pbar 


Sbar'ma-im 


Sbe'pbam 


Sal-a-sad'a-i 


Sar'dis 


Sepb'a-rad 


Sba'rar 


Sheph-a-ti'ab 


Sa-la'thi-el , 


Sar'dites 


Sepb-ar-va'im 

Se'pbar-vites 


Sba-re'zer 


She'phi 


Sal'eah 


Sar'di-us 


SbtVron 


Sbe'pho 


Sal'ebab 


Sar'do-nyx 


Se-phe'la 


Sba'ron-Ite 


She-phu'pbaii 


Sa'lem 


Sa're-a 


Se'rab 


Sba-r^ben 


Sbe'rah 


Salim 


Sa-rep'ta 


Se-ra-i'ab 


Sbash'a-i 


Sher-e-bi'ab 


Balla-i 


Sar'gon 


Scr'a-pbim 


Sha'sbak 


Sbe'resb 


Sal'lu 


Sa'rid 


Se'red 


Sba'ul 


Sbe-re'zer 


Sallum 


Sa'ron 


Se'ron 


Sha'ul-Ites 


Sbe'shack 


Sal-lu'nms 


Sa-ro'tbi 


Se'rng 


Sha-u'sba 


She'shiii 


Sal'ma, or 


Sar-se'ebim 


Se'sis 


Sha'veb 


Sbe'slmn 


Sal'mab 


Sa'rueh. 


Sus'tbel 


Sba'vetb. 


Sbesh-baz'zar 


Sal'mon 


Sa'tan 


Setb 


Sbe'al 


Sbetb 


Sal-mo'ne 


Satb-ra-baz'nes 


Se'thar 


Sbe-al'ti-el 


Sbe'tbar 


Sa'lom 


Satb-ra-bou- 


Se'tber 


Sbe-a-ri'ab 


She'tbar Boz'na-i 


Sa-lo'me 


za'nes 


Sba-al-ab'bin 


Sbe-ar-ja'sbub 


She'va 


Sa'lu 


Saul 


Sba-al'bim 


Sbe'ba, or 


Sbib'bo-letb 


Salum 


Sav'a-ran 


Sba-al'bo-nlte 


Sbe'bab 


Shib'mab 


Sam'a-el 


Sa'vi-as 


Sha'apb 


Sbe'bam 


Sbi'ebron 


Sa-ma'ias 


Sce'va ) 
Se'va J 


Sba-a-ra'ira 


Sbeb-a-ni / ab 


Sbig-gfd'oa 


Sa-ma'ri-a, or 


Sba-asb'gas 


Sheb'a-rim 


Sbi'on 


Sam-a-ri'a 


Scribes 


Shab-betb'a-i 


She'bat 


Sbi'bor 


Sa-mar'i-tans 


Scytb'i-ans ) 
Syth'i-anz j 


Shaeb'i-a 


Sbe'ber 


Shi'bor LiVnath 


Sam / a-tus 


Shad'da-i 


Sbeb'na 


Shi-i'im ( 
She-i'im ) 


Sa-me'ius 


Scy-thop'o-lis 


Sba'draeh 


Sbeb'u-el 


Sam'gar Ne'bo 


Scytb-o-poFi-tans 


Sba'ge 


Shee-a-ni'ab 


Shil'bi 


Sa'mi 


Se'ba 


Sha-haz'i-matb 


Sbe'ehem 


Shil'him 


Sa'mis 


Se'bat 


Sbalem 


Sbe'ebem-ites 


Sbil'lem 


Sam'lab 


Ses'a-eah 


Sbalim 


Sbeeh^-nab § 


Shil'lem-Ites 


Sam'mus 


Seeb-e-ni'as 


Sbal'i-sha 


Shed'e-ur 


Sbi'lob, or 


Samp'sa-mes 


Se'ebu 


SbaFle-ebetb 


Sbe-ba-ri'ah 


Sbi'lo 


* Bam'e-sez. — I 


\ t Beu'el.—P 


X Sen-ach' e-r 


b.— P., Sm. § & 


y che-fci'nah. — P. 



1 

UE 


UL 


UM 


UP 


' UR 567 


Shi-lo'ah 


BMt'tim Wood 


Simp 'pirn 


Si'nai 


Btaete 


Shi-lo'ni 


Shi'za 


Shur 


Si'nim 


Bteph'a-na 


Shi-lo'nites 


Sho'a 


Shu'shan 


Sin'ites 


Steph'a-nas 


Shil'shah 


Sho'ab 


Shu'shan E'duth 


Si'on } 
Zi'on ) 


Ste'phen | 
Ste'ven J 


Shim'e-a 


Sko'ah 


Shu'tbal-ites 


Shiui'e-ah 


Sho'bach 


Shu'the-lah 


Siph'moth 


Su'ah 


Shim / e-am 


Sho'ba-i 


Si 'a 


Sijj'pai 


Su'ba 


- Shim'e-ath 


Sho'bal 


Si'a-ka 


Si'raeh 


Su'ba-i 


Bhim'e-ath-ites 


Sho'bek 


Si'ba 


Si 'rah 


Sue-ea'ath-Ites 


Shim'e-i 


Sho'bi 


Sib'ba-ebai 


Sir'i-on 


Sue'eoth 


Shim'e-on 


Sho'eho 


Sib'bo-leth 


Sis-am'a-i 


Suc'eoth Be'noth 


Shim'hi 


Sho'ehoh 


Sib'mah 


Sis'c-ra 


Sud 


Shi'mi 


Sho'ham 


Sib'ra-im 


Si-sin'nes 


Su'di-as 


Shirn'Ites 


Sho'mer 


Si'ehem 


Sit/nah 


Suk'ki-im 


Shim'rna 


Sho'phaeh 


Sid'diin 


Si' van 


Sur 


Shi'mon 


Sho'phan 


Si'de 


So 


Su'sa 


Shim'rath 


Sho-shan'nim 


Si'don 


So'ehoh ) 
So'ko S 


Su'san-ehTtes 


Shim'ri 


Sho-shan'nim 


Si-gi'o-noth 


Su-san'nah 


BMnFrith 


E'duth 


Si'ha 


So'«oh ) 
So'ko f 


Su/si 


Shim'ron 


Shu'a 


Si'hon 


Sye'a-mine 


Shini'ron-ites 


Shu'ah 


SFhor 


So'di 


Sy-ce'ne 


Shim'ron Me'ron 


Shu'al 


Si'las 


Sod'orn 


Sy'ehar 


Shim'shai 


Shu'ba-el 


SiFla 


Sod'om-ites 


Sy-elus 


Shi 'nab 


Shu'ham 


SiFo-a 


Sod'o-ma 


Sy-e'ne 


Shi'nar 


Shu'ham-Ites 


Sil'o-ah, or 


Sol'o-mon 


Syn'a-gogue ) 
Syv/a-gog f 


Shi'phi 


Shu'hites 


Sil'o-am 


Sop'a-ter 


Shiph'mite 


Shu'lam-Ite 


Sil'o-as 


Soph'e-reth 


Syn'ti-€he 


Shiph'ra 


Shu'math-ites 


Sil'o-e 


So'rek 


Syr'i-a Ma'a-eah 


Shiph'rath 


Shu'nain-ite 


Si-mal-eu'e 


So-sip'a-ter 


Syr'i-on 


Ship'tan 


Shu'neni 


Sim'e-on 


Sos'the-nes 


Sy-ro-phe- "1 
nic'i-a 1 


Shi'sha 


Shu'ni 


Sim'e-on-Ites 


Sos'tra-tus 


Shi'shak 


Shu'nites 


Si'rnon 


So'ta 


Sy-ro-fe- [ 


Shit'ra-i 


Shu'pham 


Sim'ri 


Sta'ehys ) 
Sta/kees ) 


nish'ya J 


Shit'tah 


Shu'pham-ite 


Sin 








T. 






TA'A-NA€H 


Tap'pu-ah 


Te'pho 


Tbra-se'as 


Tob 


Ta'a-naeh SM / lo 


Ta'rah 


Te'rah 


Thum'mim 


To-bi'ah 


Tab'ba-oth 


Tar'a-lah 


Ter'a-phim 


Thy-a-ti'ra 


To-bi'as 


Tab'bath 


Ta're-a 


Te'resh 


Tib'batb 


To'bie 


Ta'be-al 


Tar'pel-ites 


Ter'ti-us ) 
Ter'she-us ) 


Ti-be'ri-as 


To'bi-el 


Ta'be-el 


Tar'shis 


Tib'ni 


To-bi'iah 


Ta-bel'li-us 


Tar'shish 


Ter-tuFlus 


Ti'dal 


To'bit 


Tab'e-ra 


Tar-shi'si 


Te'ta 


Tiglath Pi-le'ser 


To'ehen 


Tab'i-tha 


Tar'sus 


Tet/rar€h, or 


Tik'vah 


To-gar'mah 


Ta-T^or 


Tar'tak 


Te'trareh 


Tik'yath 


To'hu 


Tab'ri-mon 


Tar'tan 


Thad-de'iist 


Ti'Ion 


To'i 


Taeh'mo-nite 


Tat'na-i 


Tha'hash 


Ti-melus 


To'la 


Tad'mor 


Te'bah 


Tha'mah 


Tim'na 


Tolad 


Ta'han 


Teb-a-li'ah 


Tbam / na-tba 


Tim'natb 


To-la'Ites 


Ta'han-Ites 


Te'beth 


Tha'ra 


Tim'na-thab 


Tol'ba-nes 


Ta-haph'a-nes 


Te-haph'ne-hes 


Thar'ra 


Tim / nath He'res 


ToFmai 


Ta-hap'e-nes 


Te-hin'nah 


Thar'shish 


Tim'nath Se'rah 


To'phel 


Ta'hath 


Te'kel 


Thas'si 


Tim'nite 


To'phet 


Tiih'pe-nes 


Te-ko'a, or 


The'bez 


Ti-mo'the-us ) 
Tim'o-thy J 


To'u 


Tah're-a 


Te-ko'ah* 


The-eo'e 


Traeh-o-ni'tis 


T.ih'tim Hod'shi 


Te-ko'Itest 


The-las'ser 


Tip'sah 


Trip'o-lis 


Tal'i-tha €u.'rai 


Tel'a-bib 


The-ler'sas 


Ti'ras 


Tro'as 


Tal'mai 


Te'lah 


The-oe'a-nua 


Ti-rathltes 


Tro-gyl'li-um 


Tal'rnon 


Tel'a-im 


The-od'o-tus 


Tir'ha-kab 


Troph'i-mus 


TaFsas 


Te-las'sar 


The-oph'i-lus 


Tir'ha-nab 


Trv-phe'na 


Ta'mah 


Telem 


The'ras 


Tir'i-a 


Tiy-pho'sa 


Ta'mar 


Tel-ha-re'sha 


Ther'me-letb 


Tir'sha-tha 


Tu'bal 


Tam'muz 


Tel-har'sa 


Tbes-sa-lo-ni / ea § 


Tir'zah 


Tu'bal -Gain 


Ta'naeh 


Tel'me-la 


Tbeu'das 


Tish'blte 


Tu-bFe-ni 


Tan'hu-meth 


Tel'me-lah 


Thim'na-thatb 


Ti'van 


Ty-be'ri-as 


Ta'nis 


Te'ma 


Tbis'be 


Ti'za 


Tyeh'i-pus 


Ta'phath 


Te'man 


Tbom'as ) 
Tom'as j 


Ti'zite 


Ty-ran'nus 


Taph'e-nes 


Tem'a-ni 


To'ah 


Tyre, one syllable 


Taph'nes 


Te'man-Ites 


Thom'o-i 


ToVnah 


Ty'rus 


1 Ta'phon 


Tem'e-ni 


U. 




1 


U'€AL 


1 TTIa-i 


TJl^a 


TTn'ni 


TJ'phaz 


U'el 


Ulam 


Um / mab 


U-phar'sin 


Ur'ba-ne 


* Tek'o-a.— F. & 

i. . 


IL t Tek'o-ites.- 


-F. & K. % The 


td'de-us.—P. § T) 


les-sa-lon'i-ca— P. 





568 ZA 


ZE 


ZE 


ZI 


ZU 


TJ'ri 


U-ri'jab. 


TT'thi 


TTz'zab. 


TTz-zi'ah 


U-ri'ah 


U'rim 


TJ'za-i 


Uz'zen She'rah 


Uz-zi'd 


TJ-ri'as 


U'ta 


U'zal 


Uz'zi 


Uz-zi'el-Ites 


U'ri-el* 


U'tha-i 


Uz'za 

V. 






VA-JEZ'A-THA 


Va-ni'ah | Vasb/ni 


| Vash'ti 


Vopb/si 






X. 






XA'GUS 


Xe'ne-aa 


Xer-o-pha'gi-a 

Z. 


| Xe-rol'y-be 


Xys'tus 


ZA-A-NA1M 


Za'phon 


Zelah 


Zer-u-i'ah 


Ziphltes 


Za'a-man 


Za'ra 


Ze'lek 


Zer-vi'ab. 


Zi'phron 


Za-a-nan'nim 


Zar'a-ces 


Ze-lo'phe-ad 


Ze'tham 


Zip'por 


Za'a-van 


Za'rah 


Ze-lo'tes 


Ze'than 


Zip-po'rah 


Za'bad 


Zar-a-i'as 


Zel'zah 


Ze'tbar 


Zith'ri 


Zab-a-dse'ans 


Za're-ah 


Zem-a-ra'im 


Zi'a 


Ziz 


Zab-a-da'ias 


Za're-ath-Ites 


Zem'a-rite 


ZiO)a 


Zi'za 


Zab'Mi 


Za'red 


Ze-mi / ra 


Zib'e-on 


Zi'zab 


Zab-de'u8 


Zar'e-phath 


Ze'nan 


Zib'i-on 


Zi'na 


Zab'di 


Zar'e-tan 


Ze'nas 


Ziek'ri { 
Zik'ri ) 


Zo'an 


Zab'di-el 


Za'retb Sha'har 


Ze-or'im 


Zo'ar 


Za-bi'na 


Zar'bites 


Zeph-a-ni'ah 


Zid'dim 


Zo'ba, or 


ZaO)ud 


Zar'ta-nah 


Ze'phath 


Zid-ki'jah 


Zo'bah 


Zab'u-lon 


Zar'than 


Zepb'a-thah 


Zi'don, or 


Zo-be'bah 


Zae'ea-i 


Zath'o-e 


Ze'phi, or 


Si'don 


Zo'har 


Zae-ehe'us ) 
Zak-ke/us J 


Zath'thu 


Ze'pho 


Zi-do'ni-ans 


Zo'he-leth 


Za-thu'i 


Ze'phon 


Zif 


Zon'a-ras 


Zac'sur 


Zat'tu 


Zeph'on-Ites 


Zilia 


Zo'peth 


Zaeh-a-ri'ali 


Za'van 


Zer 


Zik'Iag 


Zo'phah 


Za'eher \ 
Za'ker \ 


Za'za 


Ze'rah 


Zil'lah 


Zo'phai 


Zeb-a-di'ah 


Zer-a-hi'ah 


Zil'pah 


Zo'phar 


Za-Tiam 


Ze'bah 


Zer-a-i'a 


Zil'thai 


Zo'pliiin 


Za'ir 


Ze-ba'im 


Ze'rau 


Zim / mah 


Zo'rah 


Za'laph 


Zeb'e-dee 


Ze'red 


Zim'ram, or 


Zo'rath-ites 


Zal'mon 


Ze-bi'na 


Zer'e-da 


Zim'ran 


Zo're-ah 


Zal-mo'nah 


Ze-bo'im 


Zer'e-dah 


Zim'ri 


Zo'rites 


Zal-mun'nali 


Ze-bu'da 


Ze-red'a-thah 


Zin 


Zo-rob'a-bel 


Zam'bis 


Ze'bul 


Zer'e-rath 


Zi'na 


Zu'ar 


Zam'bri 


Zeb'u-lon 


Ze'resh 


Zi'on, or 


Zuph 


Za'moth 


Zeb'u-lon-ites 


Ze'reth 


Si'on 


Zur 


Zam-zum'mims 


Zeeh-a-ri'ah 


Ze'ri 


Zi'or 


Zu'ri-el 


Za-no'ah 


Ze'dad 


Ze'ror 


Ziph 


Zu-ri-shad'da-i 


Zaph-nath-pa-a- 


Zed-e-ki'ab. 


Ze-ru'ah 


Zi'phab. 


ZuMirt 


ne'ah 


Zeeb 


Ze-rub'ba-bel 


Ziph'i-on 








* IFri'el.—P. 







A VOCABULARY, 

GIVING 

THE PRONUNCIATION 

OF 

MODEM GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



By J. THOMAS, M.D., 

ASSOCIATE EDITOR OF LIPPINCOTT'S GAZETTEER OP THE WORLD. 



Elements of the Pronunciation of the Principal Continental European 

Languages. 



Vowels. 

1. In the continental languages of Europe, a never 
has a sound like that in the English words fate, 
name, hut is usually like the a in far or father, 
sometimes approximating that in fat. 

2. E generally has a sound similar to a in fate, or 
else to e in met. In French it is often silent. 

3. / usually sounds as in our word marine, i.e. like 
our long e ; but it is not unfVequently short, as in pin. 

4. O has nearly the same sound as in English in 
no, not, and nor, except in Swedish, where it is pro- 
nounced like our oo. 

5. Cis pronounced in most languages like our oo ; 
hut in French and Dutch it has a sound intermediate 
between oo and long e, which can be learned from an 
oral instructor only. 

6. F"is usually pronounced like i, that is, like our 
e. In Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish, it sounds 
like the French u; in Dutch it is like our long i. 

Diphthongs. 

7. Aa in Danish or Norwegian, and 3. in Swedish, 
sound like o. 

8. The diphthong ae or a is generally pronounced 
nearly like our a in fate, or e in met. In Dutch ae 
is like a in far. 

9. Ai and ay are generally sounded like our long i. 
In French they are similar in sound to our a in fate, 
or ay in day. 

10. Au has generally the sound of the English ow 
as in now, &c. In French au and eoM are pro- 
nounced like long o. 

11. Ei and ey are generally proper diphthongs, 
combining the sounds of a in fate and e in me, being 
similar to ay in day when this word is pronounced 
very full. In German they are like our long i; in 
French nearly like our a in fate. 

12. Eu in French has a sound similar to u in our 
word fur, or like u in tub, but more prolonged; in 
German, eu and au sound like oi in English. 

13. The diphthong ie is usually pronounced like 
our ee, or e long. 



14. Oe or o occurs in several of the European lan- 
guages, and is usually pronounced nearly like the 
French eu, or e in the English word her. Perhaps 
one who has no opportunity of learning this sound 
from an oral instructor might form some idea of it 
by combining the sounds of short u and e (u in tub 
and e in met) thus, ue, and allowing the voice to 
dwell a little on u. Gbthe might be pronounced guh - 
et-ah. But care must be taken not to separate the u 
and e too much. They should rather form one long 
syllable than two short ones ; the lips, at the same 
time, being a little projected, nearly in the position 
they have when one utters the sound of oo. 

15. Oi in French is usually sounded like woh or 
wit. Sometimes, however, it has the sound of ai, or 
nearly the sound of a in fate. 

16. Ou in French is like our oo ; in Dutch and Nor- 
wegian like ow, or ou in the English word our. 

17. Ue or u sounds like the French u. 

Consonants. 

The consonants in the continental languages of 

Europe are generally similar in sound to the same 

letters in English. The following exceptions may 

be mentioned : — 

18. B, at the end of a word in German, is pro- 
nounced like p ; between two vowels in Spanish its 
sound is somewhat similar to v. 

19. C, before e and i in Italian, is pronounced like 
ch in the English word chill; in the same position in 
Spanish, it sounds like the Spanish z, or like our th 
in thin (except in the Catalan dialect, where it has 
the sound of s). In German, c before e, i, and y. is 
pronounced like the German z, or like ts in English. 
In Polish it has the same sound, even at the end of 
a word . thus, Prypec is pronounced prip'ets. 

20. D, at the end of a word in German and Dutch, 
is pronounced like t. In Spanish and Danish, be- 
tween two vowels or at the end of a word, it has a 
sound similar to th in this. 

21. In all the European languages # is hard before 
a, o, and u; in German, Danish, Norwegian, and 



Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1856, by Emily W. Ellsworth, Julia W. Goodrich, 
Eliza S. W. Jones, William G. Webster, and Louisa Webster, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court 
of the United States for the State of Connecticut. 



570 



Polish, it is hard in every situation, though it some- 
times has a guttural sound. Before e and i (or y), in 
French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish, it is like 
the j of these languages. In the same position in 
Italian, it sounds like ourj or soft g. In Dutch it is 
always pronounced like h strongly aspirated. Gu 
before e and i, in French, Portuguese, and Spanish, 
sounds like g hard. 

22. H, in French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, 
is either never pronounced at all, or else is sounded 
so slightly that an English ear can scarcely perceive 
it. In the other languages of Europe it has the 
same sound as in English. 

23. J, in Italian, German, Polish, Swedish, Nor- 
wegian, Danish, and Dutch, is pronounced like our y. 
In French and Portuguese it has the sound of zh, or 
s in the English word pleasure. In Spanish it is 
equivalent to x, being similar in sound to a strongly- 
aspirated h. 

24. M and n, at the end of a syllable in French 
and Portuguese, often have a nasal sound, similar 
to our ng. For example, bon in French is pro- 
nounced almost b6ng ; alem or alen, in Portuguese, 
is sounded like d-leng'. In pronouncing the nasal 
m and n in French, care should be used not to press 
the back part of the tongue against the palate, as is 
done in producing the sound of the English ng. 

25. N in Spanish (like nh in Portuguese and gn in 
French and Italian) has the sound of ny : Miflo and 
Minlio are pronounced alike, meen'yo. (See 34.) 

26. Qu, before e and i in Portuguese and Spanish, 
and before every vowel in French, has the sound of k. 

27. R, in most European languages, is trilled more 
strongly than in English, particularly at the end of 
a word or syllable. 

28. S, in many European tongues, when between 
two vowels, is very soft, having almost the sound of 
our z. In Gerjnan it is often so pronounced at the 
beginning of a syllable. In Hungarian it sounds 
like our sh or the German sch. 

29. W, in German and some other languages, is 
nearly similar to our y. 

30. JTin Spanish generally sounds like a strongly- 
aspirated h. (See 23.) In Portuguese it is pro- 
nounced like our sh. 

31. Z, in German and Swedish, has the sound of 
ts; in Italian, z usually sounds like ds, zz like ts. 



Combined Consonants. 

32. Ch in Spanish has the same sound as in the 
English word chill (except in the dialect of Catalonia, 
where it sounds like k). In Italian it is pronounced 
like k; in German, Polish, and some other languages, 
it has a guttural sound somewhat similar to a 
strongly-aspirated h. In French (except in the 
case of some words derived from the Greek) and in 
Portuguese, ch has the sound of our sh. 

33. Gh in Italian is like our g hard. 

34. Gn, in French and Italian (like ft in Spanish), 
combines the sounds of n and y consonant. (See 25.) 

_ 35. Lh in Portuguese, and 11 in Spanish, sound 
like our ly: e.g. velho is pronounced vel'yo; villa, 
veel'ya ; llano,' lyit'no. 

36. JSTh in Portuguese is pronounced like the Span- 
ish fl. (See 25 and 34.) 

37. Sz, in Hungarian and German, is sounded like 
sharp z or ss. 

38. Sch in German is pronounced like sli in Eng- 
lish ; in Dutch, however, sch hes a sound similar to 
our sk. 

39. Th, in all the continental European languages 
except Greek (in which the character 3- has the same 
sound as our th), is pronounced like simple t. 



REMARKS. 

I, in French and some other languages, often has 
a sound intermediate between our ee and short*': 
ville might be pronounced in English vill or veel. 
in on nasal should be pronounced like o in no or 
note, but not so long. In marking the pronunciation 
of foreign names, we have usually preferred to use 
a, e (or e), and 6, rather than a, e, o, as the speaker 
would be in danger of prolonging the sounds of the 
latter too much. E (not marked with an accent), 
in French, is usually silent; and it is occasionally 
so in Danish and German. 

In pronouncing French words or names, the accent 
should be placed nearly equally on all the syllables, 
but the principal accent should usually fall on the 
last. 

A double letter in foreign words is to be sounded 
more distinctly and fully than a single letter of the 
same kind. 



EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS EMPLOYED IN 
THIS VOCABULARY. 



Arab. 


Arabic. 


Dan. 


Danish. 


Mem. 


Flemish. 


Fr. 


French. 


Ger. 


German. 


Hun. 


Hungarian 


JVorw. 


Norwegian. 



Port. Portuguese. 
pron. pronunciation. 
Buss. Russian. 
Sp. Spanish. 
Sw. Swedish. 
syn. synonymous with. 
Turk. Turkish. 
The vowels a, e, i, o, marked with a point under- 
neath, have an obscure sound similar to short u: 
thus, Merton should be pronounced mur'tun or 
mur't'n. 
| is employed to denote the long sound of L 
a is broad, having a sound similar to o in not. 
o has a sound similar to e in her (see 14);* it may 
be Anglicized by c. 

ti is like the French u (see 5),* which it is employed 
in pronunciation to represent; it may be Anglicized 
by the English u. 

V, small capital, is intended to represent the sound 
of the French eu (see 12) ;* it should be pronounced 
like u in the English word/wr. 

», small capital, is intended to represent a sound 
similar to th in this. (See 20.)* 

G and K, small capitals, indicate the sound of the 
German ch, or one similar to it. (See 32.)* 



H, small capital, has a sound somewhat similar 
to the preceding, but more resembling a strongly-as- 
pirated h. 

I (I liquid) is to be pronounced like lli in million; 
it blends the sounds of I and y consonant. 

M and N, small capitals, and n<*, are vised to repre- 
sent the nasal sound in French, being similar in 
sound to ng. (See 24.)* 

n is pronounced like ni in minion ; it blends the 
sounds of n and y consonant. (See 25 and .34.)* 

r, small capital, has the sound of rr in terror. 
(See 27.)* 

w has a sound similar to our v. 

y and ey, at the end of an unaccented syllable, 
sound like e in me. 

ai and ay are considered to be equivalent to a in fate. 

au and aw have the sound of a in fall. 

ee indicates a sound similar to i in the first sylla- 
ble of spirit. 

ow is to be pronounced like ow in now or ou in 
hour. 

gh is employed in pronunciation for g hard. 

ss is sometimes used to mark the sharp sound of s. 

s sounds like z. 

th is to be pronounced like th in this. 



The sounds of the figured vowels are explained in the Vocabulary at the bottom of the page. 
* These figures refer to the Elements of Pronunciation given above. 



571 



OBSERVATIONS NECESSARY TO BE BORNE IN MIND BY THOSE WHO 
MAKE USE OF THIS VOCABULARY. 



1. Evert letter or combination of letters occurring 
in the pronunciation of a word or name is to be pro- 
nounced with its proper English sound: e.g. ch is 
to be sounded as in chill, g as in get ; &c. X&r'From 
not attending to this simple and obvious rule, many per- 
sons fail to pronounce names correctly, even while they 
have the pronunciation clearly and accurately marked 
before their eyes. Thus, we have given che-wa'wd as 
the pronunciation of Chihuahua; many, however, 
with this pronunciation before them, have called it 
s/ie-wi'wd, not considering that if such had been the 
true sound, we should have written it withsA. Cha- 
pala is in like manner most improperly pronounced 
s/ia-pa'la. All persons desirous of speaking correctly, 
should carefully guard against this most vicious 
pronunciation. 

In connection with this subject it may be observed 
that, in names where the pronunciation is not re- 
peated, ou and ow, if not otherwise marked, are to 
be sounded as in our and now ; a vowel followed by 
a consonant ending the syllable, if not marked long, 
is to be pronounced short, &c. 

2. In the pronunciation of foreign names, par- 
ticular care should be taken not to allow & to fall 
into the third or broad sound of this vowel, — an error 
to which American and English speakers are very 
prone; it would be far better, generally speaking, 
to pronounce it like a in fat. It may be observed, 
however, that a before n nasal in French is usually 
broad, almost like o in not. Accordingly in tbis vo- 
cabulary we have represented an nasal by 6\ or ox G . 

3. In pronouncing French words containing on 
nasal, the speaker should be careful not to give o its 
short sound, since this is not only incorrect, but is 
liable to confound the word with others entirely 
different in spelling and signification. By this 
faulty pronunciation bon (good) is sounded like ban 
(ban or exile) ; bon should be pronounced box G — al- 
most bong. Toulon should either be entirely An- 
glicized (as too'lun), or else pronounced too'loN ' — 
almost tooHong'. For the same reasons, eu in names 
not Anglicized should have its distinct sound, like 
our u in fur, and not be confounded with the French 
ou or u. There is no sufficient reason why the French 
names Dreux (druh) and Droux (droo), Leure (Iur) 
and Lure (Iur), should not be distinguished from 
each other in pronunciation, as well as our words 
grum and groom, cur and cure. 

4. In the pronunciation of foreign names, the 



speaker should be careful to pronounce aU vowels, 
whether in an accented or unaccented syllable, dis- 
tinctly, if they are not expressly marked as obscure. 

5. Y in the middle of a syllable, or at the end of 
an accented syllable, is like i; at the end of an un- 
accented syllable, like e. 

6. When h (not small capital) occurs at the n<rt 
of a syllable in the pronunciation of a name, it is 
not to be sounded. It is employed to enable the 
learner more readily to pronounce the preceding 
vowel short, as druh, &c. 

7. Alt is employed in this Vocabulary to denote a 
sound intermediate between a and a. but more re- 
sembling the latter, as al-a-bah'ma. co-lo-rah'do. The 
speaker should be very careful no't to pronounce the 
penultimate a in these names like that in far or 
father. 

8. An acute accent (') is used to mark the primary 
accent of a name ; a grave ( v ) to mark the secondary 
accent: e.g. Pas v sa-ma-quod'dy. 

9. It is to be observed that the number of sylla- 
bles in the names of this Vocabulary is to be deter- 
mined by the accents or hyphens: thus, lcela-Wn, 
the pronunciation of Eisleben, has three syllables, 
not four, the e in the first syllable (ice) being silent; 
dnyes'ter, the Russian pronunciation of Dniester, 
must be pronounced not dni-es'ter but diies'ter, the 
ny being employed to indicate the sound of the 
Spanish n, in other words, that of ni in minion. 

10. An Italic letter in the spelling of a name is 
silent: thus, Jes'samine is to be pronounced as if 
written Jes'samin. 

11. The abbreviation syn. (" synonymous with ") 
indicates that the name to which it is affixed is either 
simply another spelling of the name referred to, or 
that it designates the same place. 

Jg£zr= Different modes are sometimes made use of 
in order to indicate the same sound : thus, i long 
followed by s sharp may be represented by Iss or 
Tee, — we have, in the pronunciation of Eisleben, pre- 
ferred using ice, as being simpler for the common 
reader. In a multitude of cases it obviously makes 
but little difference whether we select one or another 
of several modes : Trenton, for example, may be pro- 
nounced tren'tun, tren'ton, tren'ten. or tren't'n, the 
point being to show that the sound of o in the unac- 
cented syllable is very short and indistinct — in fact 
almost silent. 



*** The reader may observe that, in this Vocabu- 
lary, we have not followed the method of marking 
the pronunciation adopted in the foregoing part of 
the work. We have not done so. because it was 
necessary to form a system of notation not adapted 
to one language merely, but capable of being ap- 
plied to all the variety of sounds in the different 
European languages. It may also be remarked that 
the second or Italian sound of a (which occurs in 



the pronunciation of foreign names far more fre- 
quently than any other vowel sound) is represented 
in the Dictionary by a. To this character there can- 
not be the slightest objection when we wish to mark 
the sounds of English words only. It is, however, 
far otherwise with regard to foreign names, in which 
this very character (a) almost always has the sound 
of a or e, and never that of L 



GEOGRAPHICAL VOCABULARY, ETC. 



ADR 

Aachen, |'Ken, syn. Aix-la-Cha- 

pelle. 
Aalborg, ol'boRG. 
Aar, da, or Aren, 3,'ren. 
Aargau, |R'gow (Fr. Argovie, an\ 

goVeO- 
Aath, at, syn. Ath. 
Abakan, £-bd-kaV. 
Abakansk, a-bS-kdnsk'. 
Abancay, a-ban-kl'. 
Abano, a-bl/no. 
Abascia or Abassia, ab-ash'e-a. 
Abbeville (France), abbVeel' or 

abbVill'. 
Abbeville (S. C), ab'be-vil. 
Ab'er-broth'ock or Ar'broath. 
Ab-er-deen'. 

Abergavenny, ab-er-ga'ne. 
Aber-ist'with (th as in thin). 
Abo', a'bo (Sw. Ibo, o'boo). 
Abomey, ab-o-ma'. 
Abookeer, Aboukir, or Abukir, 

a-boo-keer'. 
Abootizh, Aboutige, or Aboutij, 

a-boo-tizh'; written, also, Abu- 

tisch and Abootish. 
Abrantes, a-brin'tes. 
Abrolhos, it-brole'yoce. 
Abruzzo Citra, S-broot'so chee'trl. 
Abruzzo Ultra, d-broot'so ool'tra. 
Abukir. See Abookeer. 
Ab-ys-sinl-a. 
Acapulco, d-kS-pool'ko. 
A ch-een' or Atch-een'. 
Achmini or Akhmym, as-meem' 
Achmouneyn. See Oshmooneyn. 
Acqui or Aqui, a'que. 
Ac'ra, or Ac'cra. 
Acre", it'ker or'a'ker. 
Adalia, &da1e-£, or Satalia, sa-ta'- 

le-a. 
Adana, a'dS-nl. 
Adel, a-del'. 
Aden, a'den or a'den. 
Adige, a'de-je (It. pron. a'de-ja, 

Ger. Etsch, etch). 
Adirbeitzan. See Azerbaijan. 
Ad-i-ron'dack. 
Adlerberg, a'dler-beRG v , or Arlberg, 

aRl'-beRG. 
A dour, acTooR'. 

Adowah, a'do-wa, or Adova, a'do-va. 
Adramiti, a v dra-mee'te. 
Adria, a'dre-a. 
Adrianople, ad-re-an-o'pel. 
A v dri-at'ic. 



ALB 

iEgean (Sea), e-jee'an. 
iEroe, a'ro or a'ro\ 
.-Etna. See Etna. 
Afghanistan, af-ganMs-t&n'. 
Afioom, Annum, or Afium, Jt-fe- 

oom'. 
Afragola, a-fH-go'la". 
Afrl-ca. 
Agde, agd. 

Agen, d'zhaNo'. [This is an ex- 
ception to a general rule: the 

regular pronunciation would be 

a^zhoN '.] 
Agnone, in-yo'nd. 
Agosta, a-gos'ta\ 
Agra, a'gra. 

Aguadilla," &-gwl-Deel'ya. 
Agua Nueva, a'gwd nwa'vii. 
Aguas Calientes, a'gw&s ka-le-£n'- 

tes. 
Agulhas, £-gool'y3s. 
Ahmedabad, a v med-a-b£d'. 
Ah'med-nug'ger, 
Aichstadt. See Eichstadt. 
Ain, 1n g . 
Aintab, Ine-taV. 
Aisne, an or an. 
Aix, aks. 
Aix la-Chapelle, aks-li-sha^pell'. 

(Ger. Aachen, |'Ken). 
Ajaccio, d-yat'cho, or Ajazzo, &- 

y&t'so. 
Akerman, a'ker-mln\ 
Akhissar, ak v his-saR' 
Akhmym or Aehmim, atf-meem', 

written sometimes Ekhmym. 
Akshehr, Akchehr, or Akscheher, 

aksheh'r' or ak-sha'her. 
Alabama, al-a-bah'ma. 
Alachua, al-atch'u-a.* 
Alais, a^la' 
Alamo, it'li-mo. 
Alamos, a'12-moce. e 
Aland, a'land (Sw. Aland, oHlnd). 
Alashehr or Alaschehr, & x ld-shehY 

or a-la'-sha'her. 
Alba, ai'bl. 
Albacete, al-batha'ta. 
Al'ba Ju'li-a, syn. Karlsburg. 
Al-ba'ni-a (Turk. Arnaootleek or 

Arnaoiitlik, aR v nd-oot'leek). 
Albano, dl-bd'no. 
Albans, St., sent awl'bunz. 
Albany, awl'ben-e. 
Al'be-marle (in England). 
Al-be-marle' (in the United States). 
Albuquerque, dl-boo-keR'ka. 



AMA 

AlTjy or Albi (Fr. pron. aPbeO. 

Alcala, al-ka-la'. 

Alcala de Henares, ll-kS-la' da en- 

a'res. 
Alcamo, tl'ki-mo. 
Alcaniz, dl-kdn-yeeth'. 
Alcantara, al-kin'ta-ri. 
Alckmaer. See Alkmaar. 
Alcoy, al-ko'e. 
Alderney, awl'der-ne. 
Alem Tejo or Alen-Tejo, 2-leng-ta'- 

zho. 
Alen§on, a-len'son (Fr. pron. 

a V l6NC's6NG'). 

Al-ep'po, or Haleb, hit'leV. 
Aleria, ala-ree'a. 
Alessandria, dl-es-sdn'dre-a. 
Aleutian, a-lu'she-an, or Aleuten, 

a-lu'tan. 
Al-ex-an-dret'ta, syn. Scanderoon. 
Al-ex-an'drl-a. " 

Algarve, al-ga,R'va, or Al-gar'bl-a. 
Algeziras, al-jez-ee'ras, or Alge'ci- 

ras (Sp pron. of both, al-Ha-thee'- 

rds). 
Algiers, aljeerz' 
Alhama, dla'ml, or 2l-ha / ma ! . 
Alicante, d-le-kdn'ta, or Al leant'. 
Alicata, dle-kd'ta. 
Alkmaar or Alkmaer, alk-mar'. 
Allahabad, aTlah-ha-bad'. 
Alle, al'leh. 
APle-gha'nv. 
Allier, arie-a'. 
Al'lo-a. 

Almaden, dl-maVDen'. 
Almeida, &l-ma'e-da\ 
Almeria, 31-ma-ree'd. 
Almunecar, al-moon-ya-kaR'. 
Alnwick or Alnewick, an'nik. 
Alps, alps. 
Alsace. aTsass'. 
Altai, al-tl'. 

Altamaba, awrta-ma-haw'. 
Altamira, altS-mee'ra. 
Altamura, dl-td-moo'rl. 
Al'ten-burg (Ger. pron. aTten- 

booRG v ). 
Altena or Altona, aM'to-nd. 
Altorf, 11-toRf, or Altdorf. 
Altzey or Alzey, alt'sl. 
Alvarado, al-va-rd'do. 
Amager S'mi-gher. 
Amaffi, d-mdl'fe. " 
Amarapoura. See Ummerapoora. 
Amasera or Amasreh, d-mas'ra. 
Amasia or Amasieh, d-ma'see'a. 



Fate, Mr, fall, fat; 
572 



me, met; n6. n6t; a, e, j, o, obscure; a, e, T, o, xi, long ; a, e, I, o, H, short; oo as in 



AOS 


ASS 


AZO 573 


Am'a-zon (Sp. Maranon, ma-ran- 


Apache, d-pd'chd. 


Asswan, Assouan, or Assuan, as- 


yo'ne'; called, also, Orellana, o-rel- 


Apalachicola. See Appalachicola. 


swan'. 


yd'nd). 


Ap'en-nlnes. 


Asterabad, ds v ter-a-bdd', or Astra- 


Am-a-zo'ni-a. 


Ap-pa-laeh-I-co'la. 


bad, ds v tra-bdd'. 


Am'berg (Ger. pron. dm'bSRG). 


Appenzell, dp-peut-sell'. 


Asti, Is'te. 


Ambert, d>i x baiR'. 


Apt, dpt. 


Astorga, ds-tor'gd. 


Amboise, aaibVdz' (almost SmV- 


Apure, d-poo'rd. 


As-to'ri-a. 


wlz'). 


Aquila, d'que-ld. 


As-tra-can' or Astrakhan (Russ. 


Am-boy'. 


Aquin, d'kax '. 


pron. ds-trd-Kdn'). 


Ameland, d'mel-dnt. 


Aquino, d-quee'no. 


Astuiias, ds-too're-as. 


Am-er'I-ca. 


Arabia, ar-a'be-a. 


Atacama, d-ta-kd'nid. 


Amersfor*torAmersfoort,d'mers-fort. 


Aracan. See Arracan. 


Atchafalaya, atch-af-a-11'a. 


Anihara, am-ha'ra. 


Arad, 6V6d\ 


Atch-een' or Acheen. 


Amherst, am'urst. 


Aragon, aVra-gon (Sp. pron. dr- 


At-fe', sometimes written Atfih. 


Amherstburg, am'urst-burg. 


rd-gon'). 


Ath or Aath, dt. 


Amiens, am'e-enz (Fr. pron. d v me- 


Araguay, dr-d-gwl'. 


Ath-a-pes'cow or Ath-a-bas'ca. 


6n g '). 


Aral, ar'al. 


Ath'ens. 


Amite, am-eet'. 


Araujuez, d-rdn-Hweth'. 


Athy, ath-I'. 


Amlwch, am'look. 


Ararat, ar'a-rat. 


Atina, d-tee'nd. 


Am-mon-oo'suck. 


Aras, ar'as" or Ar-ax'es. 


At-lan'tic. 


Amoo or Amou, d-moo', syn. Oxus. 


Ar'broath, syn. Aberbrothock. 


At'las. 


Amoor or Amour, a-moor'. 


Archangel, ark-ain'jel (Russ.pron. 


Atooi. See Atuai 


Amoskeag, am-os-keg'. 


aRk-dng'ghel). 


Atri, d'tre. 


Amretsir, dm-ret-seer', or Um-rit- 


Ar-cot'. 


Attigny, dtHeen^ye'. 


seer'. 


Ardeche, aRMaish'. 


At-tock' or Attock Benares, at-tock' 


Am'ster-dam. 


Ar'den or Ardennes, aR'denn'. 


bim-d'rez. 


Amu. See Amoo. 


Arensberg, d'rens-beRG, syn. Arns- 


Atuai, at-oo-i', or Tauai, tow-I'. 


Amur. See Amoor. 


berg. 


Aube, 6b. 


An-a-deer 7 or Anadir. 


Arequipa, d-ra-kee'pd. 


Aubusson, o^bus^N '. 


Anahuac, dn-d-wdk'. 


Arezzo, d-ret'so. 


Auch, 6sh. 


An-a-to'li-a, syn. Natolia. 


Argentan, aR s zh3N G, t8N°/. 


Aude, 6d. 


Andalusia* an-da-lu'she-a (Sp. An- 


Argenteuil, aR v zhON QV tul'. 


Audenarde, o v den-aRd', syn.Ouden- 


dalucia, dn-dd-loo-thee'd). 


Argentine (ar'jen-tln) Republic 


arde. 


An-da-man'. 


(tip. Republica Argentina, ra- 


Auerbach, 6w'er-baK\ 


Andelys, Les, laze-oNd'le'. 


poob'le-kd aR-Hen-tee'nd), syn. 


Augsburg (Ger. pron. 5wGs'b65RG). 


Andernach, an'der-ndK. 


La Plata. 


Augustine (St.), aw'gus-teen". 


Andes, an'diz. 


Argentiere, aR x zh6N°He-aiR'. 


Aurich, ow'riK. 


Andorra, an-dor'ra. 


Argostoli, aR-gos'to-le. 


Aurungabad, 0-rung v ga.-bdd'. 


Andro, dn'dro, or An'dros. 


Argyle or Argyll, ar-ghll'. 


Aus'ter-litz (Ger. pron. ows'ter-lits). 


AnMros-cog'gin. 


Argyro Castro, aR'ghe-ro kds'tro. 


Australasia, aus-tral-a'she-a" 


Andujar or Anduxar, dn-doo'Har 


Arica, d-ree'kd. 


Australia, aus-tra'le-a. 


Angermanland, ong'er-mdn-ldnd. 


Ariege, d're-aizh'. 


Aus'tri-a. (Ger. Oestreich, ost'rlKe). 


Angers, an'jerz, formerly written 


Ar-kan'sas, formerly pronounced, 


Au-tau'ga. 


Angiers (Fr. pron. dx^zha'). 


and sometimes written, Ai- 7 - 


Autun, 5 v tuN G '. 


Anglesey or Anglesea, ang'gl-se. 


kan-saw. 


Auvergne, 5-veRn' or o^vaiRn'. 


An-go'la. 


Ar-kee'ko; written, also. Arkiko. 


Aux Cayes, 6 kay. 


An-go'ra or An-goo'ra (Turk. En- 


Arl'berg (Ger pron. aRl'beRG), syn. 


Auxerre, 5-saiR'. 


goor')*. " 


Adlerherg. 


Auxonne, 6x v onn', or Aussonne, 


Angostura, an-gos-too'ra. 


Aries, arlz' (Fr pron. aRl). 


6s v sonn'. 


Angouleme, SN^goo'laiin'. 


Armagh, ar-md'. 


Ava, d'va. 


Angra, dng'gra. 


Armagnac, aR'niaVydk'. 


Avallon, d'vdriiN '. 


| Anguilla, ang-ghina (Sp. Anguila, 


Ar-me'nl-a. 


Avatchka. See Awatska. 


dn-ghee'ld). 


Armentiere, aR^mSN^te-aiR'. 


Aveiro, d-vd'e-ro. 


Angus, ang'gus. 


Arn'hem or Arnheim, arn'hlme. 


Avella, d-vel'ld. 


Anhalt, dn'halt. 


Arns'berg (Ger. pron. aRns'beRG). 


Avellino, d-yel-lee'no. 


Anholt, an'holt. 


Arnsta'dt, aRn'stdtt. 


Avenches, d voxsh'. 


Anjou, an'joo (Fr. pron. &N G, zhoo'). 


Ar-oos'took. 


Averno, d-v§R'no. 


Anjouan. See Anzouan. 


Arpino, aR-pee'no. 


Aversa, d-v§R'sd. 


An-ko'ber. 


Ai- v ra-can' or Aracan. 


Avesnes, dVain'. 


An'na-berg(Ger.pron.dn'nd-b&RG v ). 


Ar-rapa-hoe. syn. Arapahoe. 


Aveyron, d'va^riN^. 


An-nap'o-lis. 


Ar'ras (Fr pron. drVdss'). 


Avezzano, d-vet-sd'no. 


Anne Ar-un'del. 


Arroe ; more correctly, ^roe. 


Avignon, d v veen % y6ji G '. 


Aunecy, dnn , se / . 


Artois, aR'twd'. 


Avila, d've-ld. _ 
Avlona, av-lo'nd. 


Anspach, dns'plK. 


Arundel, ar'un-del (in England). 


i Antequera, dn-ta-kd'rd. 


Ar-un'del (in the U.S.). 


Avon, d'von. 


Antibes, 0N GV teeb'. 


Asaph, az'af. 


Avoyelles,' av-oi-elz' (commonly 


Anticosti, an-te-kos'te. 


Aschaffenburg, ash-affen-burg 


called a-vi'el). 


Antietam, an-tee'tum. 


(Ger pron. d-shaf'fen-btidRG^). 


Avranches, dvVoNsh'. 


Antigua, an-tee'ga. 


Aschersleben, dsh-ers-la'ben. 


A-wats'ka or A-vdtch'ka. 


Antilles, dN-teel' or 6N G HeeI'. 


Ascoli, ds'ko-le. 


Axoom, Axoum, or Axum,ax-oom'. 


Antioch, an'te-ok (Turk. Antakia, 


Ash-an'tee or dsh'an-tee', some- 


Ayamonte. iVmon'ta. 


dn-td'kee^d). 


times written Achanti. 


Ayasoolook. ^a-soo-look , ; written, 


Antioquia, dn-te-o-kee'd. 


Asia, a'she-a (often improperly pro- 


also, Ayasalouk and Ajasaluk. 


Antisana, dn-te-sd'nd. 


nounced a'zhe-a). 


Aylesbury, ailz/ber-e. 


Ant'werp (Dutch, Antwerpen, dnt'- 


A s-sam'. 


Ayr, air. 


werp-en ; Fr. Anvers, 6N G VaiR'). 


Assen, ds'sen. 


Ayrshire, air'shir. 


Anzin, ox GV zaN°. 


Assisi, as-see'se. 


Azerbaijan, dz-er-bi-jdn'. 


Anzooan or Anzuan, an-zoo-an'; 


Assouan or Assuan. See Asswan. 


Az'of, Azoph. or Azov. 


written, also, Anjouan. 


Assumption, as-sump'shun (Sp. 


Azores, az'ors or az-6'rez (Port. 


Aosta, d-os'td. 


Asuncion, d-soon-the-on'). 


Agores, d-so'rSs). 


moon; 65 as in good; 5w as in no 


w ; s like z ; gh like g hard ; th as it 


i this. (See Explanations, p. 570.) 


. ■ 



574 



BAR 



BEE, 



BON 



B. 



Baalbec, birbek', syn. Balbec. 
Ba'bel-man'del, or, more correctly, 

Bab-el-man'deb. 
Bacchiglione, bik-keel-yo'na. 
Badajos, bad-a-hoce' (Sp. Badajoz, 

bi-Di-HAth'). 
Badakhshan. See Budukhsban. 
Badenweiler, bi-den-wl'ler. 
Baeza or Baeca, ba-4'thA. 
Baffin's (Bay). 

Bagdad, bag-did' or bag'dad ; -writ- 
ten, also, Bagdat. 
Bagnarea, bin-yi-ra/i. 
Bagneres de Bigorre, bin^yaia' deb 

be'goR'. 
Bagneres de Luchon, bin^yaiR' deb 

lii'shAN '. 
Bagnols, bin'yol'. 
Bahamas, ba-ha'maz. 
Bahia, bi-ee'i, or" San Salvador, 

sin saTvi-dor'. 
Bahrein, bih-rane'. 
Bahr-el-Abiad, bih'r-el-i'be-idV 
Babr-el-Azrek, bih'r-el-iz'rek\ 
Baikal, bi'kil\ 
Baireutb, bl'ruth (Ger. pron. bl'- 

roit). 
Bairout. See Beyroot. 
Baja, bi'yi. 

Bajazid. See Bayazeed. 
Bal'a-ghauts' 
Balaruc, bi'liViik'. 
Balaton ; more correctly, Balatony, 

bi'la-ton, syn. Platten Sea. 
Bal'bec or Barbek'. 
Bale, bal, syn. Basel. 
Balearic, bal-e-ar'ik (Islands). 
Bal fur-osh' or Bal-froosh' ; written, 

also, Balfroucb and Balfruscb. 
Balize, bi-leez'. 
Balkan, bil-kin'. 
Balkh, bilK, written, also, Bulkb. 
Ballina, bal v e-ni'. 
Ballinasloe, bariin-a-slo'. 
Ballston, bawls'ton." 
Ballston Spa, bawls'ton spi or 

spaw. 
Bal'ly-sban'non. 
Baltic, bawl'tik. 
Baltimore, bawl'te-more or bawlt'- 

e-mor. 
Ba'ltingglass, bawlMngglass'. 
Bam'berg (Ger. pron. bim'beRG). 
Bam-book'; written, also, Bam- 

bouk and Bambuk. 
Banca, bank'ka. 
Banff, pronounced, and sometimes 

written, Bamff 
Banffshire, bamf shir. 
Bangalore, bang v ga.-lor'. 
Bang v ko#'. 

Bangor, bang'gber (in England). 
Ban'gor (in the U. S.). 
Ban'nacks (Indians). 
Ban v nock-burn\ 
Ban'tam'. 
Bapaume, bi v pom'. 
Bar-a-co'a. 

Barbados or Barbadoes, bar-ba'doz. 
Bar-le-duc, baR v -leb-diik'. 
Barbary, bar'ber-e. 
Barbour, bar'ber. 
Barbuda, bar-boo'da. 
Bar-ce-lo'na or bar-thi-lo'ni. 
Barege, biVaizh'. 
Bareilly, bar-i'le. 
Ban, bi're. 



Barita, bi-ree'ti, or Barrita. 

Bai-letta, baR-let/ti. 

Barnaul, baR-n6wl'. 

Bar-ne-gat'. 

Baroach, bi-rotch'. 

Bar-o'da. 

Bar're (in two syllables). 

Barrege or Barege, bar'raizb'. 

Basel, bi'zel (Fr. Bale or Basle, bal). 

Basque, bask. 

Basrah, bis'ri, syn. Bassora. 

Bassano, bis-si'no 

Basse-terre, biss -taiR'. 

Bassora, bis'so-ri, or Bas'rah. 

Baxtia, bis-tee'a. 

Ba-ta'vl-a.. 

Baton Rouge, bat'un roozh. 

Battaglia or La Battaglia, li bit- 

til'ya. 
Bautzen, bowt'sen. 
Ba-va'ri-a (Ger. Baiern, bi'ern). 
Bayazeed or Bayazid, bfa-zeed'. 
Bayeux, bi\yuh' 
Bayonne, bi N yonn/. 
Bayou, bl'oo. 
Beam, b^aR'. 
Beaucoup, b.o-koop'. 
Beaufort, bu furt. 
Beauley, bo'le. 
Beaumaris, bo-mi'ris. 
Beaune, bon. 
Beauvais, boVa'. 
Beccles, bek'klz. 
Bedfordshire, bed'furd-shjr. 
Bedouin or Beduin, bed'oo-in, or 

Bed'o-ween. 
Bee'der; written, also, Bider. 
Befort, bi'foR', syn. Belfort. 
Behring's, bee'ringz (Strait). 
Beira, ba'e-ri, syn. Beyra. 
Beiroot or Beirout. See Beyroot. 
Beith, beeth. 
Beja, ba'zhi. 
Be'ja-poor', formerly written Visia- 

pour. 
Bel-ed-el-Jer-eed'; written, also, 

Beled-el-Jerid, Belad-el-Djeryd, 

Beled-el-Jerede, and Biled-ul- 

Gerid 
Belem, bel-eng'. 
Bel fast' 

Belfort, beffoR', or Befort, ba'foR'. 
Belgium, bel'je-um. 
Belgrade' (Turk. Bilgrid'). 
Belle Isle or Bellisle, bel-il'. 
Belletcntaine, bell v fAN GV tan' (in 

France). 
Bellefontaine, bel-fon'ten (in tbe 

United States). 
Bellefonte, bel-font'. 
Bellemonte, bel mont'. 
Belloochistan, bel loo v cbis-tin'. 
Belvidere, bel-ve-deer'. 
Benares, ben-i'r£s. 
Bengal, ben-gawl' 
Benguela, ben-ga'li. 
Benin, ben-een'. 
Ben-sa'lem. 
Bensheim, bens'hime. 
Bentheim, bent'hime. 
Bentivoglio, bente-vAl'yo. 
Berar, ba-rar'. 
Berat, ber-it'. 

Beresina or Berezina, ber-ez-ee'ni. 
Ber-ez-off' ; written, also, Berezow. 
Bergamo, beR'gi-mo. 
Berg'en or beR'ghen (in Europe). 
Berg'en (in the U. S ). [Bergen, in 

'Western New York, is almost 

universally pronounced ber'jen.] 



Bergopzoom, beRG v op-zom'. 
Bergues, beRG. 

Ber'lin (Ger. pron. beR-leen'). 
Bermudas, ber-moo'daz, or Ber- 

moo'thes. 
Beru or Berne (Fr. and Ger. pron. 

'beRn). 
Bernardotte, ber v nar-dot\ 
Bertie, ber-tee'. 
Berut See Beyroot. 
Berwick, ber'rik (in England). 
Ber'wick (in the U. S.). 
Berwickshire, ber'rik-shir. 
Besanijon, bez-0N G> s6x G ' 
Bes-sa-ra'bi-a or Bes-i-ri'be-i. 
Beth-ab'a-ra. 

Bev'el-and (Dutch pron. M'vel-int). 
Bev'er-en. 
Bewdley, bud'le. 
Beyra or Beira, ba'e-ri. 
Bexar (Sp. pron. ba-HaR'; often 

pronounced by tbe Texans beh- 

har' or bar). 
Beyroot, Berut, or Bairout, bi'root 

(Turk. pron. bi'root). 
Bhafgong'. 

Bhoo-tan', syn. Bootan. 
Bho-paT, syn. Bopaul. 
Bhurt'poor' or Bhurt-pore'. 
Bialystok, be-il'is-tok. 
Bider. syn. Beeder, 
Bielefeld, bee'leh-felt\ 
Bilbao, bil bi'o, often written and 

pronounced, in English, Bil'bo-a. 
Biled-ul-Gerid^il-ed'-ool-jer-eed', 

syn. Beled-el-Jereed. 
Bing'en. 

Binghamton, bing'um-tun. 
Bio-bio, bee'o-bee'o. 
Birket-el-Keroon, or Keroun, 

beer'ket-el-ker-oon', or Birket- 

el-Koorn. 
Bir'ma, syn. Burma. 
Birr, syn. Parsonstown. 
Bis'cay (Sp. Biscaya, bis-ki'yi). 
Bistineau, bis'te-no'. 
Blanc, Mount (Fr, Mont Blanc, 

hiAn W5n g ). 
Blank'enburg (Ger. pron. blink'- 

en booRO'). 
Bled'soe. 

Blei'berg (Ger. pron. bli'beRG). 
Blenheim, blen'im (Ger. Blind- 

heim, blint'hime). 
Blois, bloi, more correctly, blwi. 
Bo'ber 

Bocage, bo'kizh'. 
Boeuf, bef (Fr pron. almost bilf ). 
Boden-See, bo'den-sa', syn. Lake 

Constance. 
Bog, sometimes written Boug, boog. 
Boglio, bol'yo. 
Bogota, bo-go-ti', syn. Santa Fe de 

Bogota. 
Bo-he'mi-a (Ger. Bohmen or Boeb- 

men, bb'men). 
Bois-le-Duc,'bwiMeb-diik'. 
Boj-a-dor' (Port. pron. bozb-i- 

doV). 
Bokhara, bo-xi'ri, or Bucharia, 

bu-ka're-a. 
Borbec'. 

Bo'lee ; written, also, Boli. 
Bo-liv'I-a, (Sp. pron. bo-lee've-i). 
Bolognaj bo-l6n'yi. 
Bolsena, bol-sa'ni. 
Bolzano, bol-zi'no, syn. Botzen. 
Bom-bay'. 

Bomarsund, bo'mar-soond\ 
Bo-nair' (Sp. Buen Ay re, bwen T'ra). 



Fate, 



1, fit; me, met; nA, not; a, e, i, o, obscure; a, e, i, o, u, long; a,, e, I, o, u, short; oo as in 





BRE 


CAC 


CAN 575 


Bo'na-ven-tu'ra, syn Buena Yen- 


Brian<;on, bre'ox G, s6x G '. 


Cachao, katch'a-o\ syn. Ketcho. 


tura. 


Bridlington and Brellington, com- 


Cachias, ka-shee'ds, syn. Caxias. 


Bo'na Vis'ta or Bo'a Yis'ta. 


monly pronounced Bur'ling-ton. 


Cachoeira, ka-sho-a'e-'-a, syn Ca- 


Bo-ness'. 


Brieg, breeG. 


xoeira. 


Bonifaecio, bo-ne-fa'cho. 


Brieux or Brieuc, bre'uh'. 


Cadiz, ka'diz (Sp. pron. ka'Deeth). 


Bonita, bo-nee'ta. 


Brighthelmstone. (pron. and often 


Caen, kox G . 


Boom, bom. 


written Brigbt'on, brl'ton.) 


Caermarthen, ker-mar'then. 


Boos'sa or Boussa. 


Brindisi, brin'de-se. 


Caernarvon, ker-nar'von. 


Bootati, boo-tan', or Bhootan. 


Brioude, bre'ood'. 


Caffraria, kaf-fra're-a. 


Bo-paul , written, also, Bhopal. 


Brisach, bre'zak', syn. Breisach. 


Cagliari, kal'yd-re. 


Borcette, boR'sett', syn. Burscheid. 


Britain, brit'ten. 


Ca-haw'ba. 


Bordeaux, boR-do', or Bourdeaux, 


Brit'ta-ny (Fr. Bretagne, breh-tail'). 


Ciihir or Caher, kah'her or kare. 


booR-do'. 


Brixham, brix'um. 


Ca-ho'kl-a. 


Borgne, born. 


Broek, brook. 


Cahoos or Cahoes, ka-hoze', syn. 


Bor'ne-o 


Brom'berg (Ger. pron. brom'beRG). 


Cohoes. 


Bor-noo'; written, also, Bornou. 


Bron do-lo. 


Cahors. ka'oR'. 


Borodino, bor-o-dee'no. 


Brook'lyn 


Caicos, kl'koce. 


Bosh-u-an'as. 


Brook'llne. 


Caidareta, kl-da-ra'ta. 


Bosna-Sera'i, bos'na-ser-I', syn. Se- 


Broome, broom. 


Cairo (in Egypt;, ki'ro, called. by the 


rajevo. 


Brough, bruf. 


Arabs. El Kahira, el kdh'he-ra. 


Bos'nl-a (called Bos'na by tbe 
Turk's). 


Bruchsal. brook'sal. 


Cairo (in the U. S.), ki'ro. 


Bruges, bru'jez (Fr. pron. brtizh). 


Calabria, ka-la'bre-a or ka-la^bre-a. 


Bos'po-rus, commonly, but less 


Briinn, brun or briinn. 


Calahorra, kd-la-oR'ka. 


correctly written Bosphorus. 


Bruns'wick (Ger. Braunschweig, 


Calais, kal'is (Fr. pron. kiTla'). 


Bos'rah or Bozrah, syn. Bassora. 


brown'shwiG). 


Calatayud. ka-la-ta-yooD'. 


Botetourt, bot'e-turt. 


Bru'sa. syn. Bursa. 


Calcasieu, kdl'ka-shu or kulTca- 


Both'ni-a. 


Brus'sels (Fr Bruxelles, brif sell'). 


shu. 


Bot'zen (It. Bolzano, bol-za'no). 


Brzesc'or Brzesc Litewski, bzhests 


Cal-cut'ta. 


Bouches du Rbone, boosh dii ron, 


le-tev'ske. 


Caldas da Rainha, kal'das dd rd- 


syn. Mouths of the Rhone. 


Bucharia, bu-ka're-a, syn- Bokhara. 


een'ya. 


Boulogne, boo-lone' (Fr. pron. boo- 


Buchorest, bu'ko-rest', or Bu- 


Calder, kawl'der. 


lofi'). 


charest. 


Cal-e-do'ni-a. 


Bourbon, boorTDun (Fr. pron.booR v - 


Buckinghamshire, buk'ing-um- 


Calhoun, k'al hoon'. 


b6x<='). 


shir 


Cal'i-cut. 


Bourbon (Ky.), bur'bun. 


Bu'da (Hun. pron. boo'doh'; Ger 
O'fen). 


Cal I for'ni-a. 


Bourbon Lancy, booR'boxc' l3x G, se'. 


Callao, kill l'a'o, or kdl yd'o. 


Bourbon L'Archambault, booR v - 


Budukhshan, buduK-shan'; writ- 


Cal Ja-poo'ya. 


b6x G ' laR'shOM'bo'. 


ten, also, Badakhshan. 


Caltafrirone," kdlta-je-ro'na. 


Bourbon Yendee, booR'boN ' v6x Gr - 


Budweis, bood'wice. 


Calvados, karva'd'os'. 


da'. 


Buen Ayre, bwen I'rA. syn. Bonair. 


Camargo, ka-maR'go. 


Bourbonnes-les-Bains, booR'bonn x 


BuenaTentura, bwa'nl-ven-too'ra. 


Camanche, ka-man'chA, syn. Co- 


-la-bax G '. 


Buena Vista, bwa'na vis'ta. 


manche. 


Bourdeaux. See Bordeaux. 


Buenos Ayres, bo'nus a'riz (Sp. 


Cam bay'. 


Bourg, booR. 


pron. bwa'noce I res). 


Cam bo'di-a, Cam-bo'dja, or Cam- 


Bourges, booRzh. 


Bug, boog. 


boge'. 


Bourgogne, booR'gofi', syn. Bur- 


Bulgaria, bool-ga're-a. 


CamTDray or Cambrai (Fr. pron. 


gundy. 


Bulkh, syn. Balkh. 


kaM'bra'). 


Boursa or Boorsa, syn. Bursa. 


Bun der Ab-as'see (or Abassi), syn 


Cam'brla.. 


Boussa, boo'sa, syn. Boossa. 


Gombroon. 


Cambridge, kame'brij. 
Caminba. ka-meen ya. 


Bowdoin, bo'den. 


Buntzlau, boontslow. 


Bozzolo, bot'so-lo. 


Burd'wan. 


Campagna, kam pan 'yd. 


Brabant, bra'bantor bra-bant'. 


Burg (Ger pron. bdoRG). 


Campbell, kam'el. 


Braga, bra'ga. 


Burgos, booR'goce. 


Campbelltown, kam'el town. 


Brah'ma, syn. Birma. 


Bur'gun-dy (Fr. Bourgogne, booR , - 


Campeachy, kam-pee^che (3Iex 


Brah'ma-pootYa or Burrampoo'ter. 


gofi'). 


pi on kam pdcha). 


Bran'de'n-burg"(Ger. pron. brdn'- 


Burke, burk. 


Campo Basso, kdm'po bas/so. 


den-booRG r ). 


Burma, syn. Birma. 


Can'a da. 


Braunsberg, browns'beRG. 


BurVam-poo'ter, syn. Brahma- 


Canajoliarie, kanV.jo-har're. 


Braunschweig. &e Brunswick. 


pootra. 


Canandaigua, kan-an-di'gua. 


Braz-il' (Port. pron. brd-zeel')- 


Bursa, boor'sa or bru'sa. 


Can-a-nore'. 


Brazos, brah'zos. 


Burscheid. booR'shlte (Fr. Borcette, 


Can a-ra. 


Braz-o'ii-a. 


boR v sett'). 


Canaries, ka-na'reez (Sp. Canarias, 


Brazza, brat'sa. 


Bury, ber're. 


ka-na're-a's). 


Breathitt, breth'it. 


Bushire, boo-sheer', syn. Aboo- 


Ca-nil/ry. Grand (Sp GranCanaria, 


Brechin. breK'in. , 


shehr. 


'gran ka-nd're-a). 


Breda, bra-da'. 


But'ter-mere. 


Can-a-sau'ga. 


Breg'entz. 


Byzantium, biz-an'she-um. 


Can a sJto'ta. 


Breisach, brl'zaK (Fr. Brisach, bre v - 
zak'). 




Can da-har' or Kandahar. 
Can'dla or Crete. 




Brellington. See Bridlington. 


c. 


Can-e'a! 


Brem'en or bra'men (in Europe). 


Cannes, kann. 


Bre'meu (in the U. S.). 




Can-is-te'o 


Brescia, bresh'e-a or bresh'a. 


Ca-bar'ras. 


Cannouchee, kan-noo/che. 


Breslau, bres'law or breslow, 


Cab'ell. " 


Ca-nonl cut. 


sometimes written Breslaw. 


Cab-ool'; written, also, Caboul, 


Cantal. kfix^tal'. 


Brest (Fr. pron. the same as the 


Cabul, and Caubul. 


Canterbury, kan'ter-ber-e. 


English). 


Cabrera, k£-bra'ra. 


Can-tire/. Cantyre.'or Kintyre. 


Bretagne, breh-taS', syn. Brit- 


Cabulistan, ka-bool'is-tan', syn. 


Can-ton' (in China). 


tany. 


Afghanistan. 


Canton (in the U S.). 


Breton (Cape), brit'un. 


Caceres, ka'tha-res. 


Cantyre. See Cantire. 


moon; oo as in good; ow as in no 


v, s like z; gh like g hard: feh as in 


this. (See Explanations, p 570 ) 





r ■ ■ — — — 

576 CAT 


CHE 


CLO 


Cape Breton, kape brit't'n or brit'- 


Catmandoo, Katmandou, or Khat- 


Chertsey, ches'se. 


un. 


mandu, kat-man'doo. 


Ches'a-peake. 


Cape Girardeau, je-rar-do'. 


Catorce, ka-toR'sa. 


Cheshire, chesh'ir. 


Cape Haitien, ha'te-en (Fr. Cape 
Ha'itien, kap aVte-aN G '). 


Cat'e-gat or Kattegat. 


Che-sun'cook. 


Cau'ca-sus. 


Chetimaches, chet-tim-atch'iz oi 


Cape Pal'mas. 


Caubul. kaw-bool', syn. Cabool. 


shet v mash'. 


Cape Verd' Islands (Port. Ilhas 


Cava, ka'va. 


Cheviot, chiv'e-ut. 


Yerda's, eel'yas veR'das). 
Capitanata, kl-pe-ta-na/ta. 


Cavery or Cauvery, kaw'ver-e. 


Cheyenne, she-enn', syn. Chienne. 


Cax-a-mar'ca (Sp. pron. kah-Ha- 


Chiapa, che-a'pa. 


Capo d'Istria, ka'po dis'tre-S- 


maR'ka). 


Chiari, ke-a're. 


Capri, ka'pre. 


Caxias or Cachias, ka-shee'as. 


Chiavari, ke-a'va-re. 


Cap'u-a (It. pron. ka'poo-a). 


Caxoeira or Cachoeira,kd-sho-a'e-rS. 


Chicago, she-kaw'go. 


Caqueta, ka-ka'ta. 


Cayenne, kl-enn'. 


Chick-a-pee'. 


Car-ac'as or Caraccas (Sp. pron. ka*- 


Cayes, ka, syn. Aux Cayes. 


Chichester, chitch'es-ter. 


ra'kas). 


Cayuga, ka-yoo'ga. 


Chick-a-hom'i-ny. 


Caraman, kaVa-man'. 


Cayuse, Kah-yuss'. 


Chicot," shee'ko. 


Caramania, kar-a-ma'ne-a. [It may 


Caz-en-o'vi-a. 


Chiem See, Keem si. 


be proper to remind the reader 


Ceara. See Ciara. 


Chienne or Cheyenne, she-enn'. 


that this is not a Turkish, but a 


Cebu, se-boo', syn. Zebu. 


Chieti, ke-a'te. 


Latin name; the antepenulti- 


Cecil, sis'sil. 


Chihuahua, che-wa'wa. 


mate a should, therefore, be 


Cefalu, chef-a-loo'. 


Chikailis. See Chilts. 


sounded as in Bavaria. See 


Celebes, sel'e-biz. 


Chili, chil'le (Sp. Chile, chee'la). 


Lippincott's Gazetteer, Intro- 


Celle or Zelle, tsel'leh. 


Chil-H-coth'e. 


duction, VIII., page 13.] 


Ceph-a-lo'ni-a (It." pron. chef-a- 


Chiloe, cheel-o-d' (almost chil-way'). 


Carcassonne, kaR v kas v sonn'. 


lon'e-a; modern Greek, kef-a-lo- 


Chilts (ch as in child) or Chikailis 


Cardenas, kaR'den-as. 


nee'a). 


(Chickelis), che-ka'lis. 


Cardiff or Caerdiff, kar'diff. 


Ce-ram' (Port. pron. ser-rowN G '), 


Chimborazo, chim-bo-ra'zo (Sp. 


Cardiganshire, kar'de-gan-shir. 


also written Serang. 


pron. cheem-bo-ra'tho). 


Car-ib-be'an Sea. 


Cerigo, cher'e-go. 


Chi'na. 


Car'ib-bee Islands. 


Cervera, seR-vA'ra. 


Chin In'di-a. 


Ca-rin'thi-a (Ger. Karnthen, 


Cesena, cha-sa'na. 


Chinchilla, "chin-cheel'y3. 


"kaiRn'ten). 


Cevennes, sa-venn'. 


Chippenham, chip'num. 


Carlisle, liar-Ill'. 


Ceylon, see'lon or sil-on'. 


Chippewa, chip'pe-wa. 


Carlowitz or Karlowitz, karlo-vits. 


Chagres, cha'gres. 


Chip'pe-way. 


Carls'bad or Karlsbad (Ger. pron. 


Chalons-sur-Marne, sha>l6N Q ' siiR 


Chiquitos, che-kee'toce. 


kaRls'bat). 


maRn. 


Chiswick, chiz'ik. 


Carlscrona, karls-kroo'na or Carls- 


Chalons-sur-Sa6ne, sh^liN ' siiR 


Choc' taw. 


croon. 


son. 


Cholula, cho-loo'la. 


Carlsruhe or Karlsruhe, karls'roo. 


Chambery, sh5M y baVe'. 


Chowan, cho-wan'. 


Car-nat'ic. 


Chamouny, sha'moo-ne\ 


Chris-ti-an'a. 


Car-nl-o'la (Ger. Krain, krin). 


Champagne, sh6M v pan'. 


Christianiaj kris-te-a'ne-f. 


Carolina, kar-o-li'na. 


Chandeleur, shan-de-loor'. 


Christiansand, kris'te-an-sand x . 


Carpathian, kar-pa'the-an. 


Chang-hai, syn. Shang-hai (im- 


Christianstadt, kris'te-an-stat (Sw. 


Car-pen-ta'ri-a. 


properly written Shang-hae). 


Christianstad, kris'te-an-stad N ). 


Carpentras, kaR v p3N G Hrass^. 


Chantilly, shaN-til'lee (Fr. pron. 


Chrudim, Kroo'dim. 


Carrara, kar-ra'ra. 


sh6N«Heerye' or shoN G HeeVe')« 


Chum'bul. 


Carrick on Suir, kar'rik on shure. 


Chapala, cha-pa'la. 


Chuquisaca, choo-ke-sit'kjl. 


CarVick-fer'gus. 


Charcas, chaR'kas. 


Chur, koor, syn. Coire. 


Cartagena, kar-ta-je'na (Sp. pron. 


Charente, shaV6Nt'. 


Ciara, se-a'ra; written, also, Ceara 


kaR-ta-Ha'na). 


Charente Inferieur, shaV3Nt' aN<^- 


and Seara. 


Cartago, kaR-tt'go. 


fa v re-UR'. 


-Cienfuegos, se-en^fwa'goce. 


Casale, ka-sa'la. 


Charkow, kaR-kof, syn. Kharkof. 


Cinaloa, sin-a-lo'a. 


Casal Maggiore, ka-sal' m5d-jo'rA. 


Charlevoix, shar v le-voi'. 


Cincinnati, sin-sin-ah'te. [Often 


Cas'bin or Kazbin (Pers. pron. kas- 


Charlottesville, shar'lots-vil. 


improperly pronounced as if 


been', whence the name is some- 


Chartres, shaRt'r. 


written Cincinnatah or Cin- 


times written Casbeen.) 


Chatauque. See Chautauque. 


cinnatuh.] 


Caserta or Caserta Nuova, kl-seR'- 


Chateaugay, shat x o-gay'. 


Cinque Ports, sink ports. 


ti noo-o'va. 


Chateaudun, sha N to N duN G '. 


Cin'tra or seen'tra. 


Cash-gar', syn. Kashgar. 


Chateau-Gonthier, shaHo r -goN G> - 


Circassia, ser-kash'e-a. 


Cashmere or Kashmire, kash-meer'. 


te-a'. 


Cirencester,commonly pronounced 


Cas'pi-an. 


Chateauroux, shaHoVoo'. 


sis'e-ter. 


Cas'sel. 


Chat-el-Arab, syn. Shat-el-Arab. 


Cittadel'la, chit-ta-dellS. 


Castelnaudary, kaVtePno^dSYe'. 


Chatellerault, shaHellW. 


Ciudad Real (Spain), the-oo-DaD' 


Castel Vetrano, kas-tel' va-tra'no. 


Chat-ta-hoo'chee. 


rk-W. 


Castiglione, kas-teel-yo'na. 


Chat-too'ga. 


Ciudad Real (Mexico), se-oo-dad' 


Castile, kas-teel' (Sp. Castilla, k£s- 


Chaudiere, sho'de-aiR'. 


rA-al'. 


teel'ya). 


Chaumont (France), sho^moN G '. 


Ciudad Rodrigo, the-oo-Dao' ro»- 


Castine, kas-teen'. 


Chaumont (N.Y.), sho x mo'. 


ree'go. 


Castlebar, kas-sel-bar'. 


Chautauque, sha-tau'que. 


Civita Vecchia, chee've-ta* vek'ke-a. 


Castres, kast'r. " 


Chelmsford, chemz'furd. 


Clagenfurth or Klagenfurth, kld'- 


Castro Giovanni, kaVtro jo-van'ne. 


Chelsea, chel'se. 


ghen-foort v . 


Cas-ween', syn. Casbin. 


Cheltenham, chelt'num. 


Clamecy, clam^se'. 


Catabamba, ka-ta-bam'bt. 


Chemnitz, Kem'nits. 


Clausthal or Klausthal, klfiws'tSl. 


Catahoula or Cat-a-hoola. 


Chemung, she-miing'. 


Cler-mont'. 


Cat-a-lo'nI-a (Sp. Cataluna, k£-t£- 


Chenango, she-nang'go. 


Clermont Ferrand, kleR^moN"' fer^- 


loon'ya)." 


Chepstow, chep'sto. 


i-6n g '. 


Catania, kata'ne-S. 


Cher, shaiR. 


Cleves, kleevz (Ger. Kleve, kla'veh; 


Catanzaro> ki-tan-za'ro. 


Cherburg, sher'burg or shahVbooR'. 


Fr. Cleves, klaiv). 


Cat-ta-raugus. 


Cher v o-kee'. 


Clitheroe, klith'er-o. 


Cathay, kath-i', syn. China. 


Cherso, keR'so. 


Clogher, kl3h'Her. 


Fate, far, fall, fit; me, met; n6, 


not ; a, e, i, o, obscure ; a, e, I, 5, u 


long ; a, e, l, o, u, short; oo as in 





COR 

Cloghnakilty, klou v na-kil'te, or 

Clon a-kil'ty. 
Clon-mell'. 
Clydes'dale. 
Co-a-ho'ma. 

Cuahuila." See Cohahuila. 
Coango, ko-ang'go. 
Cob'lentz (Ger. Coblenz, koTrients ; 

Fr. Coblence, ko'bldNss'). 
Cobu, koboo'. 

Cu'burg (Ger. pron. ko'buoRG). 
Cochabauiba, ko-chd-bdm'bd. 
Cochin, co-cheen'. 
Co'chin Chi'na. 
Codogno, ko-don'yo. 
Co-do'rus. 

Coeslin. See Coslin. 
Coeymans, quee'manz. 
Cognac, kin-yak'. 
Cohahuila or Coahuila, ko-d-wee'ld. 
Cohoes or Cahoos, ko-hoze'. 
Coim-ba-toor / or Coitn-ba-tor'. 
Co-im'bra. or ko-eem'brd. 
Coire, kwaR (Ger. Chur, kooR.) 
Col'berg (Ger. pron. kol'beRG). 
Colima, ko-lee'ind. 
Colne, koln. 
Cologne, ko-lone' (Fr. pron. koHon'; 

Ger. Koln). 
Colombia, ko-lom'be-a. 
Co-lom'bo or Co-lum'bo. 
Col'on-sa. or Col'on-say\ 
Colorado, ko-lo-rdh'do. 
Co-luui'M-a. 
Co-rnac'. 
Co-man'che (Sp. pron. ko-m&n'cha) 

or Ca-man'che. 
Comayagua, ko-mi-d'gwd. 
Comines, ko'meen'. 
Com'o-rin. 

Co 'morn or Komorn. 
Com'o-ro. 

Compiegne, kAufpe-Ain'. 
Com-po-stel'la (Sp. Compostela, 

kom-po-st.'/ld). 
Coucan. kong'kun. 
Conception, kon sep'shun (Sp.Con- 

cepcion, kon-thep-the-on'). 
Con'chas (ch as in child). 
Concord, kong'kurd. 
Con-cor'dl-a. 

Conde, kon'de or koN GV da'. 
Conecocheague, konVko-cheeg'. 
Conecuh, ko-nee'ka. 
Conemaugh, kon'e-maw. 
Con-es-to'ga. 
Co-ne'sus. 

Congaree, kong'ga-ree'. 
Congo, Cong'go, or Zaire, za-eer'. 
Connaught, kon'nawt. 
Connecticut, kon-net'e-kut. 
Con'stance (Ger. Constanz, kon'- 

stants) 
Constantina, kon-stan-tee'na. 
Con-stan-tl-no'ple (Turk. Stam- 

bool'). 
Cooch Ba-haR'. 
Coo-mas'sie. 
Coos, ko-os'. 
Co-pjn-ha'gen (Dan. Kjbbenhavn, 

kyo-ben-hdwn'). 
Co-pi a- po'. 

Coquimbo, ko-keem'bo. 
Co rbach, koR'baK. 
Corbeau. kor-bo'. 
Corcyra, kor-si'ra, syn. Corfu. 
Cor-dil'ler-as (Sp. pron. koR-deel- 

ya'rds). ' 
Cor'do-va, or Cordoba. 
Co-re'a. 



CZI 

Corfu, kor-foo' or kor'fu (modern 

Greek pron. kor-lee'). 
Cor'inth. 
CorVman'dgl. 

Corpus Christi, kc'pus kris'te. 
Correze, kor x raiz'. 
Cor-rl-en'tes. 
Cor'sl-ca (Fr. Corse). 
Corte, k'oR'ta. 
Cortoua, koR-to'na. 
Co-run'na (Sp. Coruna, ko-roon'ya). 
Cosenza, ko-sen'za. 
Cosh-oc'ton. 

Cosliu, Coeslin, or Koslin, kos-leen'. 
Cosne, kou. 
Cosseir, kos-sare'. 
Costarica, kos s td-ree'kd. 
Cote d'Or, kot doR. 
Cotes du Nord, kot dii noR. 
Cotignola, ko-teen-yo'la. 
Cotopaxi, ko-to-pax'e (Sp. pron. ko- 

to-pdh'He). 
Cottbus or Kottbus, kott'boos. 
Courland, koor'land, syn. Kur- 

land. 
Courtray or Courtrai, kooRHra' 

(Flem. Kortryk, kort'iik). 
Coutance, koo'tdxss'. 
Coventry, kuv'en-tre. 
Cowes, kowz. 
Cracow, kra'ko (Polish, Krak&w, 

krd'-koof). 
Crecy, kres'se (Fr. pron. krd x ce'), 

ofteu written Cressy by the 

English. 
Crefeld, kra'felt. 
Crema, kni'ma. 
Cremuitz, krem'nits, syn. Krem- 

nitz. 
Cre-mo'na. (It. pron. kra-mo'na). 
Cres'sy. 'See Crecy. 
Crete, syn. Candia. 
Creuse, kruz. 
Creutznach, kroits'naK, syn. 

Kreutznach. 
Crim-e'a (Ituss. Krim). 
Croatia," kro-a'she-a. (called by the 

natives Horvath'Orszag, hoR-vdt 

oR-sdg). 
Croix {St.), kroi, syn. Santa Cruz. 
Crom'ar-ty. 
Cronstadt. kron'statt. 
Csaba, chob'oh\ 
Csongrad, chon-grdd'. 
Cu'ba (Sp. pron. koo'ba). 
Cuban, koo-bdn', syn. Kooban. 
Cuenca, kweng'ka. 
Culhuacan, kool-wa-kan', syn. Pa- 

lenque. 
Culiacau, koo-le-d-kdn'. 
Cul-lo'den. 
Culm, koolm. 
Cumana, koo-ma-na'. 
Cumania or Rumania, ku-ma'ne-a 

(Hun. Kunsag, koon-shdg'). 
Curacoa. ku v ra-so'. 
Curische-Haff" koo'risk-eh-hdff, 

syn. Kurische-Haff. 
Curzola, koord-zo'ld. 
Ciistrin or Kustrin. kiis-treen'. 
Cux-ha'ven or koux-ha'len. 
Cuyahoga, kl-a-ho'ga.. 
Cuzco, koos'ko". 

Cythera, sith-ee'ra, syn. Cerigo. 
Czernigow, cher'ne-gof, s^tt.Tcher- 

nigof. 
Czernowitz, czer'no-vits (more 

correctly, Chernowice, cher'no- 

vit'seh). 
Czirknicz or Zirknitz, tseeRk'nits. 



DEV 



577 



Dac-o'tah. syn. Sioux. 

Daghestan, dd\ghes-tdn'. 

Dahomey or Dahouiay, dah'ho-md\ 

Dahl, dii. 

Dalecarlia. dd-le-kar'le-d, or Da- 
larne, da'lar-na. 

Dalles, dalz. 

Dalmatia, dal-md'she-a. 

Da-mas'cus (Arab. Shdm-el-Ke- 
beer'). 

Dambea. See Dembea. 

Dam-I-et'ta (Arab. Damiat, da-me- 
at'). 

Dam'piers. 

Dan/aw, syn. Danube. 

Daubury, dan'ber-e. 

Dant'zic (Ger. Danzig, dant'siG). 

Dan'ube (Ger. Donau. do'now). 

Dardanelles, dar x da-nelz'. 

DarToor', written, also, Darfur and 
Darfour. 

Darien, da're-en (Sp. pron. dd- 
re-en'). 

Darmstadt, daRm'stdtt. 

Dartmouth, dart'muth. 

Dar'war\ 

Dauphine, do v fe v nd'. 

Daviess, di'vis. 

Dax, ddx. 

Dearborn, deer'burn. 

Debreczin or Debretzin, dd-bret'sin. 

De-ca'tur. 

Dec'can or Dek'kan. 

De Kalb. 

Del-a-go'a. 

Dela'ware, del'a-war. 

Delft (every letter should be pro- 
nounced). 

Delgada, del-gd'dd- 

Delhi or Dehli (Hindostan), del'lee. 

Delhi (in the U. S.), del'hl. 

Del'vi-no. 

Dem'be-a. or dem-bee'a; written, 
also, Dambea. 

Demeraia, dem-er-d'ra 

Denbighshire, den'be-shjr. 

Den'der-ah. 

Dende'rmonde, den y der-m6n'deh. or 
Dendermond, den'der-moiit', 
(French, Termonde, teK v m6Nd'). 

Denis (St.). sent den'is or den'e 
(Fr. Saint Denis, sax c d'nee). 

Den'mark (Dan. Dan'e-mark). 

Depeyster, de-plce'ter. 

Deptford, ded'furd. 

Der-bend'. 

Der'by or dar'be (the latter pron. 
was formerly universal). 

Derbyshire, der'be-shir. 

Derr, dkn. 

Der'ry, syn. Londonderry. 

De lluyter, de rl'ter. 

Desaguadero, des-d'gwd-Dd'ro. 

Desh-a.'. 

Des Moines, de moin. 

Despoblado, des-po-bld'DO. 

De So'to. 

Des'sau (Ger. pron. des'sOw), some- 
times written Dessaw. 

Det'mold (Ger. pron. det'molt). 

De-troit'. 

Det'ting-en. 

Deutz. doits. 

Deuxponts, duh^Sx ' (Ger. Zwci- 
briicken, tswl briik'ken). 

De'ven-ter or Dewenter, dd'ven-ter. 

Devizes, de-vl'ziz. 



moon; 5o as in good; ow as in now; s like z; gh like g hard; th as in this. (See Explanations, p. 570.) 





578 DUN 


ENG 


FEO 


Devonshire, dev'on-shir. 


Dungeness, dun-jen-ess'. 


Enikale, en-e-ka'la, syn. Yenicale. 


Dhawalaghiri, da-wora-gher're. 


Dunkeld, dun-kel'l'. 


Enisei. See Yenisei. 


Dl-ar'bekr or Diarbekir, dee-ar N be- 


Dun'kirk (Fr. Dunkerque, duN° v - 


Enkhuizen, enk-hoi'zen. 


keer'. 


keRk'). 


Entre Douro e Minho,' en'tra doo'- 


Die or Diez, Saint, saN G de-a'. 


Dunwich, dun'ich. 


ro a meen'yo. 


Diepholz, deep'holts. 


Du'plin. 


Entre Rios, en'trA ree'oce. 


Dieppe, dyepp or de-epp'. 


Duquesne, du-kain'. 


Eperies, a-peVe-£s (Hun. pron. 


Diest, deest. 


Durance, dif rSxss'. 


a-pSr-e-esh) . 


Digne, deen. 


Durango, doo-rang'go. 


Epernay, a v peR v na'. 


Dijon, de v zh6N G '. 


Durazzo, doo-rat'so, or Duras, doo- 


Eph'e-sus, syn. Ayasoolook. 


Dinant, de y n3N G ' or de-nant'. 


ms'. 


E-pi'rus. 

E-qua'tor, syn. Ecuador. 


Dixmude, dix'niud' (Flem. Dix- 


Durham, dur'um. 


muyden, dix-inoi'den). 


Durlach. dooR'laK. 


Erbach,'eR'baK. 


Dizier, Saint, saN G de v 'ze-a'. 


Dus'sel-dorf (Ger. Diisseldorf, diis'- 


Erfurt, eR'fooRt. 


Djid'da, syn. Jidda. 


sel-doRf v ). 


Er'gree Kas'tree, syn. Argyro Cas- 


Djoliba, jol'e-ba, syn. Joliba. 


Dutch'ess. 


tro. 


Dnieper, nee'per (Russ. pron. 


Duval, du-voll'. 


Ericht, er'iKt. 


dnyep'per). 


Duyveland, doi've-lant. 


Erie, e're. 


Dniester, 'nees'ter (Russ. pron. 


Dwi'na (Russ. pron. dvee'na). 


E'rin, syn. Ireland. 


dnyes'ter). 


Dyle or Dyl, dil. 


Erivan, er-e-van'. 


Doab or Dooab, doo^itb'. 




Erlangen, fe'lSng-en. 
Erlau, eR'low (Hun. Eg'er). 


Do-fra-f I-eld', syn. Dovrefield. 


E. 


Dole, dol. 


Erne, Lough, 18h era. 


Dolgelly, dol-geth'le. 




Erz-room'; written, also, Ards- 


Domingo, do-ming'go. 


Ebora. See Evora. 


room, Erzeroum, and Erzrum. 


Dominica, dom-e-nee'ka. 


E'bio (Sp. pron. a'bro). 


Erzgebirge, §Rts\ga-beeR'ga. 


Dominique, dom-e-neek', is the Fr. 


Eccloo, ek-klo'. 


Escurial, es-koo-re"-al'. 


of the preceding. 


Ecija, A'the-Ha. 


Eski shehr, es'kee snaih'r. 


Don (Tartar, Doo'na). 


Eckmiihl, ek'miile. 


Esne, es'neh\ 


Don Cos'sacks. 


Ecuador, ek-wa-doRe', or E-qua'tor. 


Esquimaux, es'ke-mo. 


Donaghadee, don v a.-Ha-dee'. 


Ed'foo v ; written, also, Edfou and 


Es Sioot or Es Siout, es-see-oot', 
syn. Sioot. 


Donegal, don-e-gawl'. 


Edfu. 


Dongola, dong'go-la. 


E-di'na. 


Es'te, es'ta. 


Dordogne, dor v don' (Fr. pron. 


Edinburgh, ed'in-bur-reh ; writ- 


Es-tho'nl-a. 


doR v don'). 


ten, also, Edinborough. 


Estremadura, es-tra-ma-DOo'rS. 


Dordrecht, dort'reKt, or Dort. 


Ed'is-to. 


Estremdz, es'tra-moz'. 


Dornoch, dor'noK. 


Eg'er (in Bohemian, Cheb, Keb). 


Eszek, es'sek. 


Dorpat, doR'pat, or Dbrpt. 


Eg'rl-po, syn. Negropont. 


Etampes, a v toMp'. 


Dorsetshire, dor'set-shir. 


Egypt, e'jipt (Arab. Musr or M &sr). 


Etienne, Saint, saNt etVenn'. 


Dort, syn. Dordrecht. 


Ehrenbreitstein, a'ren-brlt'stine. 


Ei/na or JEt'na.. 
Et'o-wah. 


Douai or Douay, doo v a'. 


Eichstadt or Aichstadt, iK'stett. 


Doubs, doobz or doo. 


Eilenburg, I'len-booRG\ 


Etsch, etch, syn. Adige. 


Douglas, dug'less. 


Eimbeck, Im'bek. 


Eu, uh. 


Douro, doo'ro (Sp. Duero, dwa'ro). 


Eimeo, l'mee-o. 


Eupen, oi'pen (Fr. Neau, naV). 


Do v vre-fi-eld' (Norw. Daavrefjeld, 


Eisenach, I'zen-aK. 


Euphrates, "u-fra'tez (Turk. Frat). 


doVre-fyeld'). 


Eisenstadt, i'zen-statt\ 


Eure, ure or UR. 


Dowlatabad, dowMa-ta-bad'. 


Eisleben, ice'la-ben. 


Europe, u'rup. 


Down-pat'rick. 


Ekatarenburg, a-kt'ta-reen-boorg\ 


Eu'taw, syn. Utah. 


Draguignan, dra v gheen v y3isr G '. 


Ekatarinoslafor-slav,a-ka'tit-reen x - 


Eutin, oi-teen'. 


Drave, drav (Ger. Drau, drow; Sla- 


o-sl&f . See Yekatarinoslav. 


Euxine, ux'in, syn. Black Sea. 


vonian, Drava, dra'va). 


Ekhmym. See Akhmym. 


Evesham, eevz'hum or eevz'um. 


Drenthe, dren'teh. 


Elatma, a-lat'ma, or Yelatma, y&- 


Ev'o-ra; written, also, Ebora. 


Dreux, druh. 


at'ma. 


Evreux, ev'ruh'. 


Drin, dreen, or Drino, dree'no. 


El'ba. 


Eylau, Flow. 


Drogheda, droh'He-da. 


Elbe, elb (Ger. pron. el'beh). 
El'ber-feld (Ger. pron. el'ber-felt v ). 




Drohobicz, dro'ho-bitch, or Dro'ho- 


F. 


vitsch\ 


Elbeuf, erbuf. 


Droitwich, droit'itch. 


El-boorz' or El-brooz'; written, also, 


Drontheim, dront'im (Norw.Trond- 


Elburz and Elbrouz. 


Faenza, fa-en'za. 


jem, trond'yem). 


Elche, el'cha. 


Fahlun, fa'loon. 


Duauesburg, du-ainz'burg. 


El Dorado, el do-rjl'do. 


Faeroe, fa'ro or fa'ro. 


Dub'lin. 


El-e-phan'ta. 


Fa'ioom or Faioum, fi-oom'. 


Dubno, doob'no. 


Elg'in-shire"; called, also, Moray- 


Falaise, fa-laz'. 


Du-bois'. 


shire. 


Falkirk, iawl'kirk. 


Du Buque, du book (oo as in moon). 


Elizabetgrad, a-liz x a-bet-grad', or 


Falkland, fawk'land. 


Duero, doo-a'ro or dwa'ro, syn. 


Yelisavetgrad. 


Falmouth, fal'muth. 


Douro. 


El-mi'ra. 


Falster, fal'ster or fal'ster. 


Du'is-burg or doo'is-booRG\ 


El Paso del Norte, el pa'so del 


Falun or Fahlun, fa'loori. 


Dulce, Rio, ree'o dool'sa or dool'tha. 


noR'ta. 


Fa no, fa'no. 


Dulcigno, dool-cheen'yo. 


EFsin-ore' or Elsineur, el y se-nur' 


Faro, fl'ro. 


Dumbartonshire, dum-bar'ton- 


(Dan. Hel-sing-o'er). 


Farsistan, far-sis-tan'. 


shir. 


Em'brun or 6M , bruN G '. 


Fas, syn. Fez. 


Dumfries, dum-freess'. 


Em'e-sa, syn. Horns. 


Fauquier, faw-keer'. 


Dun-bar'. 


Emmerich, em'mer-iK, or Emrich, 


Fayal, fi-al'. 


Dundalk, dun-dawk'. 


em'riK. 


Fayette, fa-yet'. 


D un-das'. 


Ems, Sms. 


Fayetteville, ia'yet-vil. 


Dun-dee'. 


Enghien, 0N GV ghe-6N G '. 


Fayoum, f i-oom', syn. Faioom. 


Dunfermline, dum-fer'lin. 


England, ing'gland. 


Fee'jee, syn. Fiji. 


Dun-gan'nou. 


Engoor or Engour, en-goor', and 


Feliciana, fe-lis v se-an'a. 


Dun-gar'von. 


Enguri, en-goo're, syn. Angora. 


Feodosia, fa-o-do'se'-a, syn. Kaffa. 


Fate, far. fall, fat* me, met: no. i 


n6t' a, e, i. o. obscurp • a, e, I, 6, u, 


long • a. e. 1. o. u. s/iort • oo as in 



FRI 


GEY 


GRA 579 


Fermanagh, fer-man'a. 


Frio, free'o. 


Ohadamis, gd-dd'mis. 


Ferrara, fer-rd'rd. 


Frische Haff, frish'eh hdff, or 


Gheel, syn. Geel. 


Fer'ro (Sp. Hierro, yer'ro). 


Frische See, frish'eh s.i. 


Ghee'zeh; written, also, Gizeh and 


Ferrol, fer-rol'. 


Friuli. fre-oo'le (It. pron. free'oo-le). 


Jizeh. 


Fez or Fas. 


Frontignac, fron v tin-ak' or frox^- 


Ghent (Fr. Gand, gSx G ). 


Fezzan, feVzdn'. 


teen^ydk'. 


Ghool-ghool'a. 


Fichtelgebirge, fiKHel-ga-beeR'- 


Frontera, fron-ta'rd. 


Gibraltar, je-brawl'ter (Sp. pron. 


ga- 


F ue rtavent a ra, f w eR v td-ven-too'rd. 


ne-bral-taR'). 


Fiesole, fyes'ola, or Fes'so-le. 


Fulda, fouV&i. 


Giessen, ghees'sen. 


Figeac, fe v zhdk'. 


Fulton, fGol'tun. 


Gihon, je-hon' or je-hoon', syn. 


Figueras, fe-gd'rds. 


Funchal. foon v shal'. 


Oxus. 


Fiji, pronounced, and often writ- 


Fii'nen (Dan. Fyen, fii'en). 


Gijon, He-Hone', syn. Xixon. 


ten, Fee'jee. 


Fiinfkirchen, fiinf-keeR'ken. 


Gijona, He-no'nd, syn. Xixona. 


Finistere, finMsHaiR'. 


Furnes, fiirn. 


Gila, Hee'la. 


Finistere, Cape, fin-is-tair 7 (Sp. 


Furruckabad. fur v ruk-a-bdd'. 


Gilolo, je-lo'lo. 


Finistierra, fee-nis-te-er'rd). 


Fiirth, flint. ' 


Girjeh, jeer'jeh; written Djirdjeh 


Fin'land. 


Fyers. See Foyers. 


by the French. 


Fisme, feem. 


Fyne, Loch, Iok fin. 


Girjenti, jeer-jen'te. 


Fiume, fyoo'ma. 


Fyum, fi-oom/, syn. Fa'ioom. 


Gironde, je-rond' (Fr. pron. zhe'- 


Flan'ders (Fr. Flandre, flSNd'r). 
Flens'burg or Flens'borg. 




rixd'). 
Gizeh, jee'zeh or ghee'zeh. [It is 




Flor'ence (It. Firenze, fe-ren'za, or 


G. 


a curiousfact, that there is the 


Fiorenza, te-o-ren'za). 


same difference in the pronun- 


Flour, Saint, sax G flooR (rhyming 




ciation of this name among tbe 


with poor). 


Gadamis. ga-dd'mis, syn.Ghada.mis. 


Arabs of Egypt as we might sup- 


Flor'i-da. 


Gaeta, gd-A'td. 


pose would arise among Ei:L r li=L- 


Flush'ing (Dutch, Vlis'sing-en). 


Gaillac, gahVdk' or gal v yak'. 


men attempting to pronounce 


Fohr, fdR, or Fohrde, fdR'deh. 


Gaillon, gah v yoN°' or gdi v yoN G '. 


Gizeh, some making the g hard, 


Foggia, fod'ja. 


Gairloch, gareloK. 


others soft.] 


Foglia, fol'ya. 


Galapagos, gaPa-pd'gus (Sp. pron. 


Glamorganshire, glam-or'gan-shir. 


Foix, fwd. 


gd-ld'pd-goce). 


Glar'us (Fr. Glaris, gla'reec'e'). 


Foligno, fo-leen'yo. 


Galashiels, gal-a-sheelz'. 


Glas'gow. 


Fondi, fon'de. 


Ga-le'na. 


Glatz, gilts (Pol. Klodz'ko). 


Fontainebleau, f6N G Han r blo'. 


Galicia,' gal-ish'e-a. 


Glauchau, glow'Kow. 


Fontarabia, fon-ta-ra'be-a (Sp. Fu- 


Gall. Saint, sent gawl (Fr. pron. 


Glogau, glo'gow, sometimes writ- 


enterabia, fwen-td-rd-bee'd). 


sax G gall, Ger. Sanct Gallen, 


ten Glogaw. 


Fontenay, fdNt'na'. 


sdnkt gal'len). 


Gloucester, glos'ter. 


Foo'lah, generally written Foulah. 


Gallapagos. See Galapagos. 


Gliickstadt, gluck'statt. 


Forli," foR-lee'. 


Gallipoli, gal-lip'o-le. 


Gmiind, gmiint, or Gmun'den. 


Formentera, for-men-td'rd. 


Gallipolis (Ohio), gaPlX-po-leece'. 


Gmund, gmoont. 


For-mo'sa (called by the Chinese 


Gal'ves-ton. 


Gnesen, gnd'zen (Pol. Gniesno). 


Taiwan, tl-wdn'). 


Galway, gawl'way. 


Godavery, gc-da'ver-e. 


For-ta-ven-tu'ra, syn. Fuertaven- 


Gam'bl-a. 


Goes, Hooce. 


, tura. 


Gand, g"6x G , syn. Ghent. 


Goettingen. See Gottingen. 


Fossano, fos-sd'no. 


Ganges, gan'jez (Hindoo, Gunga). 


Gol-con'da. 


Fotheringay, foth^er-ing-gd'. 


Gap, gap. 


Gold'berg or golfbeRG. 


Fougeres, foo v zhaiR'. 


Gard, gaR. 


Gol now, gol'nov. 


Foulah, foo'la, syn. Foolah. 


Garda, gaR'da. 


Gom-broon' or Bun'der Ab-as'see 


Fourche, foorsh. See La Fourche. 


Gardon, gaRMc-N '. 


(Abassi). 


Fowey, foy, sometimes written 


Gardiner, gard'ner. 


Gomera, go-mA'ra. 


Fawey. 


Garfasnana, gar-fdn-yd'nd. 


Gonaives, Les, la g6-niv'. 


Foyers, often written, and always 


Garigliano,- gl-reel-yd'no. 


Goochland, gootch'land. 


pronounced, Fy'ers. 


Garonne, gdVonn'. 


Goold'sha; written, "also, Guldscha 


Foyle, Lough, 16h foil. 


Gas-co-nade'. 


and Go'uldja. 


France, franss (Fr. pron. frosss). 


Gas'co-ny (Fr. Gascogne, gds , koH / ). 


Goom'ty. 


Fran-cis'co (St.), syn. San Francisco. 


Gaspe, gaVpd'. 


GbVlitz, almost gur'lits. 


Franche Comte, fr6> T sh K6x GV td'. 


Gaza, gd'za. 


Gortz, almost gurts (It. Gorizia, 


Fran-co'ni-a (Ger. Franken or 


Geauga, je-aw'ga. 


go-rid'ze-a). 


Frankenland, frdnk'en-ldntf). 


Geel, gheel (Dutch pron. Hale). 


Gotha, go'td. 


Franeker, frdn'ek-er. ' 


Gefie, yev'ld. 


Gothenburg, got'en-burg (Sw. 


Frankenstein, frank'en-stine\ 


Gelders or Guelders, ghel'derz 


Gbtheborsr. yo'td-'bor<r). 


Frankenthal, frdnk'e'n-tdl\ 


(Dutch. Geldern, Hel'dern), 'or 


Goth'land "(Sw. Gotaland, vb'ta- 


Frank'fort (Ger. Frankfurt, frdnk'- 


Gel'der-land. 


land"). 


fooRt)*. 


Genesee, jen-e-see'. 


Gott'land or Gothland. 


Frascati, frds-kd'te. 


Geneseo, jen-e-see'o. 


Gottingen or Goettingen, get'ting- 


Frauenburg, frow'en-b5oRG\ 


Geneva, jen-ee'vah (Ger. Genf, 


en. 


Fraustadt, frow'stdtt. 


ghenf, Fr. Geneve, zhen-aiv'). 


Gou'da (Dutch pron. now'dd). 


Freiberg, frfbeRG. 


Genevieve, jen-e-veev'. 


Gouldja. See Gooldsha. 


Freiburg, friTmrg or M'boSRG. 


Genii, Ha-neel'; written, also, Xenil. 


Goyaz, go-ydz', syn. Villa Boa. 


Freising, M'zing, or Freisingen, 


Genoa, jen'o-a (It. Genova, jen'- 


Gozzo, got'so. 


fri'zing-en. 


o-vd). 


Gracias a Dios, grd'se-as d dee'oce. 


Freistadt,'frl'statt. 


George'town, or Stabroek, sta'- 


Graciosa, grd-se-o'sd. 


Frejus, fra^zhiice'. 


brook. 


Gradisca, grd-dis'kd. 


Freyburg. See Freiburg. 


Gera, gd'rd. 


Graetz, grets, syn. Gratz. 


Freystadt. See Freistadt. 


Ger'ma-nv (Ger. Deutschland, 


Grammont, grdm x m6x G '. 


Friburg, fre v booR', syn. Freyburg. 


* doitch'l2nt). 


Gram'pi-an. 


Friedland. freed'land (Ger. pron. 


Gerona. nd-ro'nd. 


Gran, griin (Hun. Esztergom, es'- 


freet'ldnt). 


Gers, zhaiR. 


teR-gom). 


Friesland. freezland, Yriesland or 


Gex, zhex. 


Granada, gran-d'da (Sp. pron. grl- 


Friesia, free'zhe-a. 


Geysers, ghl'zers. 


na'nd). 


moon ; 56 as in good ; ow as in nr 


•w; a like z; gh like g hard; th as ir 


i this. (See Explanations, p. 570.) 



530 GUN 


HER 


ICO 




Granger, grain'jer. 


GurVal' 


Herault, haW or dVo'. 




Gran'ville. 


Gustrow, giis'trov. 


Her-cu-la'ne-um. 




Grasse, grdss. 


Guyana, ghe-d'nd, syn. Guiana. 


Hermanstadt, heR'man-stdtt\ 




Gratiot, grash'e-ot. 


Guyandott, ghl-an-dot', familiarly 


Her'mus or Sarabat, sd-rd-bdfc'. 




Gratz or Graetz, grets. 


called ghl-an' 


Herrnhnt, heRn'hoot. 




Graubiindten, grow'bunt-en, syn. 


Guz-er-at'; written, also, Gujerat 


Ilersfeld, hfiRs'felt. 




Grisons. 


Gyula, dyoo'ld, syn. Karlsburg. 


Hertford (in England), har'furd. 


i 


Graudentz, grow'dents. 
Gravelines, grdvMeen'. 




Hertford (in the U.S.), hert'fuid. 
Hesse Cas'sel (Ger Hessen Cassel, 


I 




I 


Gravesend, graivz^end'. 


H. 


hes'sen kds'sel). 




Grayson, gra'sun. 


Hesse Darmstadt hess daRm'stdtt 




Great Britain, -brit'un or brit'n. 




(Ger. Hessen Darmstadt, hes'sen 




Greenland (Dan. Gron'land or 


Haarlem, Haerlem, or Harlem, 


daRm'stdtt). 




Groeiiland). 


har'lem. \ 


Hesse Hom'burg (Ger. Hessen 




Greenwich, grln'idge. 


Haarlemmer Meer, har'lem-mer 


Homburg, hes'sen hom'booRG). 




Greifswalde, grlfs'wdl'deh (former- 


mair. 


Heytesbury, haits'ber-e. 




ly written Gripeswold). 


Habana. See Havana. 


Highlands, hi'landz (commonly 




Grenada, gren-d'da. [Grenada, the 


Hadjar, hd'jar, syn. Hajar. 


pronounced hee'landz by the 




name of one of the British West 


Had-ra-maut'. 


Scotch). 




India islands, ought not to be 


Haemus, hee'mus, syn. Balkan. 


High'tower, syn. Etowah. 




confounded with the Spanish 


Haerlem. See Haarlem. 


Hildburghausen, hilt'boi)RG-hdw x - 




name Granada (sometimes writ- 


Hague, haig (Fr La Haye, la ha, 


zen. 




ten with an e in the first sylla- 


almost Id a). 


Hildesheim, hil'des-hlme. 




ble). Mr Worcester pronounces 


Hagueneau, ag'no'. 


Hil'lah; written, also, Hellah. 




Grenada gre-nd'da, probably re- 


Hajar or Hadjar, ha'jar, syn. Lahsa. 


Himalaya, him-a-11'a, or Himma- 




ferring to this mode of spelling 


Hainan, hl-nan' 


leh, him-md'la. 




the Spanish name.] 


Hainault, i)no' (Flem. Henegou- 


Hin'doo Koosh"; written, also, 




Grenoble, gren-ob'l' or greh-no'- 


wen, hen-e-How'wen). 


Hindu Kusch or Kush. 




b'l. 


Haiti, ha'te, syn. Hayti. 


Hin-do-stan' or In-do-stan'; writ- 




Grindelwald, grin'del-walt\ " 


Halberstadt, hdl'ber-stdtt\ 


ten, also, Hindustan, Hindoo- 


1 
1 


Grisons, gre v zoN°' (Ger. Grau- 


Haleb, hd'leb, syn! Aleppo. 


stan. and Industhan. 


1 


biindten, grow'bunt-en). 


Hal'I-fax. 


Hispan-I-o'la., syn. Hayti. 


j 


Gross-Glogau, groce-glo'gow. 


Hall, hall. 


IFlas'sa, syn. Lassa. 


i 


Gross- Wardein, groce-waR'dlne. 


Halle, hdl'leh. 


Ho-ang'ho, pronounced, almost, 


1 


Grlinberg, griin'beRG or Grii'ne- 


Hallowell, hol'o-wel. 


whang'ho\ 


i 


berg. 


Hamadan, hd-md-ddn'. 


Ho'bo-ken. 


i 


Guadalajara or Guadalaxara, gwa- 


Ham'burg (Ger pron. hdm'booRG). 


Hochheim, ho'hime orhoK'hime, 


| 


Dd-ld-nd'rd. 


Harnp'shire (i.e. the county of 


Hohenlinden, ho v en-Hnd'en, 




Guadaloupe, gawMa-loop' or gd r dd- 


Hants), syn. Southampton. 


Hohenzollern, ho'en-tsol'lern. 




loop'. 


Hanau, hd'now. 


Hol'land (Dutch pron. hol'ldnt). 




Guadalupe, gwd-da-loo'pd or gaw x - 


Hang-tcheoo or Hang-tcheou, 


Holstein, hol'stlne. 




da-loop'. 


hang'cheoo'. 


Hom'burg (Ger. pron. hom'booRG). 




Guadalquivir, gaw'dal-quiv'er (Sp. 


Han'o-ver (Ger Han-no'ver). 


Homs, hiins, or Hums, syn. Emesa. 




pron. gwa-Dal-ke-yeePv'). 


Haousa "or. Haoussah, how'sd, syn. 


Hon'da (Sp. pron 6n'ddj. 




Guadiana, gaw^de-ah'na or gwd v 


Houssa. 


Honduras, hon-doo'ras. 




De-i'na. 


Harfleur, haR-fluR'. 


Honfleur, h6N0 x fluR' or 6N° x flnR'. 




Guanaxuato or Guanajuato, gwd- 


Harwich, har'rldge. 


Honolulu, ho-no-loo'loo. 




nd-Hwd'to. 


Hasselt, hds'selt. 


Hoog'ly 




Guancavelica, gwdng-kd-vd-lee'kd; 


Hastings, haist'ings. 


Hot'ten-tots. 




written, also, Huancabelica. 


Hat'ter-as. 


Housatonic, hoo^sa-ton'ik. 




Guardafui, gwar'da-fwee' or gar x - 


Haussa,' how'sd, syn. Houssa. 


Houssa, how'sd," written, also, 


j 


daf-we'. 


Ha-van'a or Havanna (Sp. Habana 


Haussa and Haousa. or Haous- 




Guastalla, gwds-tdl'ld. 


or Havana, d-vd'nd). 


sah. 




Guatemala, gawHe-mah'la or gwd- 


Haverhill (England), hav'er-il. 


Houston, hews'tun. 


i 


te-md'ld. 


Haverhill (?»Iass.), ha'ver-il. 


Huaheine or Huahine, hoo-d-hee'- 




Guaxaca. gwd-H^'kd, almost wa- 


Havre de Grace, hav'er de grass 


nd. 




hd'kd. syn. Oaxaca. 


(Fr pron. d'v'r dgh grass). 


Huasacualco, hwd-sd-qudi'ko, syn. 




Guayama, gwl-d'md. 


Hawaii, ha-wlee, also written 


Guazacualco 




Guayaquil, gwl-d-keel'. 


Owhyhee. 


Huelva, wel'vd. 




Guaymas, gwl'mds. 


Hayti or Haiti, hd/te (Fr. pron 


Huesca, wes'kd. 




Guayra, gwl'rd. See La Guayra. 


dVte') 


Humphreys, um'frez. 




Guazacualco, gwd-sd-kwdl'ko , also 


Hazebrouck, aVbrook'. 


Hungary, hung'ga-re (Hun. Mag- 




written Huasacualco. 


Hebrides, heb'rid-ez. 


yar Orszag, mod-yoR oR-sdg). 




Guben, goo'ben. 


He'brus, syn. Marizza. 


Hurd'war'. 




Guelderland, ghel'der-land, syn. 


Hec'la 


Hu'ron 




Gelderland. 


Hedjaz, hej-dz' , also written Heds- 


Huy,'hoi 




Guelders, ghel'derz, syn. Gelders. 


jaz. 


Hyapuia See Japura. 




Gueret. gaVa'. 


Heidelberg, hI'del-beRG\ 


Hyderabad, hi'der-a-bdd', or Hy- 




Guernsey, ghern'ze. 


Heilbronn, hil-bronn'. 


drabad. 




Guiana, ghe-d'na, or Guyana. 


Hel-e'na(St-). 


Hydra. 




Guienne, ghe v enn'. 
Guinea, ghin'e. 


Hel go-land or Hel'T-go-land 
Helmstedt, helm'-stett (incorrectly 










Guingamp, gaN G, g3N a '. 


written Helmstadt). 


I. 




Guipuzcoa, ghe-poos'ko-a, (Sp. pron. 


Hel v mund'; written, also, Helmend. 




ghe-pooth'ko-a). 


Hel'sing-fors'. 






Gujerat. See Guzerat. 


Hel-vel'lyn. 


laroslav, y3-ro-sldv', syn. Yaroslax. 




Guldscha. See Gooldsha. 


Helvoetsluys, hel'voot-slois\ 


Ibarra, e-bdr'rd. 




Gumbinnen, goom-bin'nen. 


Hempstead, hemp'sted. 


Ice'land (called Island, ees'land, 




Gund-wa'na. 


Hen-rlco. 


by the natives) 




Giintz'burg or giintsHbooRG. 


Herat, her-dt'. 


Icolmkill, ilOom kill , syn. Iona. 




Fate, far, fall, fit, me, met, no. 


n3t, a, e, i, o, obscure; a, e\ 1, o, u 


, long , a, e, 1, o, ti ; shuri , oc as hi 









JAG 


KAN 


ROM 581 


Id'rI-a. 


Jagua, Hl'gwa, syn. Xagua. 


1 Kan'zas or Kon'zas. 


Iekatarinburg. See Ekatarinburg. 


Jakutsk. See Yakootsk. 


Kara, *ka'ra. 


Iglau, ig'knv, written, also, Iglaw. 


.Jalapa, Ha-l&'pa, syn. Xalapa. 


Kaia-hissar, kaY&'-his-sar'. 


Igualada, e-gwa-la'Da. 


Jalisco or Xalisco, na-lees'ko or 


Karainania See Caramania. 


Ihna, ee'na. 


nd-lis'ko 


Kara-Soo, Kara-Su, or Karasou, 


He de France, eel deh fr3xss. 


Jamaica, ja-ma'ka. 


kd v ra'-soo' 


Ilfracombe, il'fra-ko'om. 


Janina, ya / ne-na,"s,j/n. Yanina. 


Karle'burg(Ger.pion kaRls'boSRu). 


Ilha Grande, eel'ya grdn'dd. 


Jap-an' (called Niph'on by the 


Kasan or Kazan, kd-zdn'. 


Hi, e'lee, syn. Gooldsha. 


Japanese). 


Kaschau, kash'ow (Hun. Kassa, 


Hie, eel. 


Japura, Ha-poo'ra, sometimes writ- 


kosh-shoh). 


Illimani, eel-yi-ma'ne. 


ten Hyapura and Yupura. 


Kash-gar' or Cashgar. 


Illinois, il-lin-oi'. 


Jaquemel, zh&k'mel', syn. Jacque- 


Ka-taii'din 


Il-lyr'ia. 


mel 


Kat-man'doo or Katmandhu, syn. 


Hz, ilts. 


Jaroslaw. See Yaroslav. 


Catmandoo 


Imola, e'mo-la. 


Jassy. yds'se (Ger Jasch, yash). 


Kat'te-gat, syn. Cattegat. 


In'dl-a. 


Jaszbereny, y&ss-ba-raifT. 


Keczkemet, kech'kem x ait'. 


In'dl an'a or in-de-ah'na. 


Jauer, yow'er 


Kee'o, syn Miaco. 


Indi-an-ap'o-lis. 


Java, jl'va or jah'va. 


Kohl, kale 


Ind-oor' or l'n-dore'. 


Jean d Arigely, Saint, saN° zhSN° 


Keighly keethle 


ln-dos-tan', syn. Hindostan. 


d6\\ GV zha v le'. 


Kelat. kel -at', or Kelath. 


Indre, a\d'r. 


Jedburg jed'bur-reh. 


Kenawha or Kenhawa, ken-aw'wa, 


In'dus or Sindh, slnd. 


Jeddo, yed'do, syn Yeddo. 


syn. Kanawha. 


Ingolstadt, ing'gol st&tt\ 


Jehoon. See Oxus 


Keneh or Qene, ken'Sh v . 


Innspruck, iuns'prook, or Inns- 


Jen'a (Ger pron. ya'nt). 


Ken v ne-beck'. 


bruck. 


Jeres, ni-rhs', syn. Xeres. 


Ken'ne-bunk'. 


In-ver -a/ry. 


Jersey, jer'ze. 


Ken tucky. 


Inverkeithing, in-ver-kee'thing. 


Je-ru'sa-lem (called El K&ds or El 


Kerman, ker-man', syn. Kirman. 


Inverlochy, in-ver-loRve. 


Kods by the Arabs). 


Keswick, k'ez'ik 


In-ver-ness'. 


Jesi, ya'se. 


Keszthely, kest v heL'. 


In-ver-u'ry, 


Jes'sa-mine 


Ketch'o, sometimes written Cachao 


lona, e-o'na, or Icolmkill, ik^om 


Jessb or Iesso, yes'so, syn. Yesso. 


and Kesho 


kill'. 


Jey'poor or Jyepoor, jl-poor'. 


Kharkof, Kar-kof; written, also, 


Ionia, lo'ne-a. 


Jid'da or Djidda. 


Charkow, Kharkow, and Khar- 


I-o'nI-an. 


Jihon or Jehoon. See Oxus. 


kov. 


l'o-wa. 


Jijona, iie-no'na, syn. Xixona. 


Khartoom, Khartum, or Khar- 


Irak Adjemi, eVak' Sj'eh-mee. 


Joannina See Janina. 


toum. Kar-tooin'. 


Irak Arabi, e'rdk' aVa-bee\ 


Jo Daviess, jo dA'vis. 


Kherson or Cherson, Ker-sone'. 


Iredell, ir'del. 


Jo-han'na, syn Anzooan. 


Khiva or Kheeva, Kee'vS. 


Ire'land or E'rin, 


Jol'I ba or Djoliba. 


Khoozistan or Khuzistan, Koo-zis- 


Ir-kootsk' ; written, also, Irkutsk 


Jonkjoping or Jonkoping, yon'- 


taV 


and Irkoutsk. 


cho-ping, almost yon'chep-ing. 


Khorassan, Ko v ris-s3n'. 


Iroquois, ir-o-quoy' 


Jood poor or Mar'war\ 


Kiakhta, ke-aK'tl 


lr'ra-wad'dy, written, also, Irra- 


Jor'dan 


Kiang-Ku, ke-ang'-kew', syn. 


wadi. 


Jorullo or Xorullo, Ho-rool'yo; of- 


Yang-tse-kiang. 


Ir-tysb' or Irtish (Russ. pron. eeR- 


ten pronounced Ho-roo'yo. 


Kid der-min'ster 


tish'). 


Ju'an Fer-nan'dez (Sp pron. hoo- 


Kief or Kiew, ke-ef or Ki-ev'. 


Irvine, ir'vin. 


in' feR*-nan'deth). 


Kiel, keel. 


Ischia, is'ke-a*. 


Ju'an. Saint (Sp. San Juan, san 


Kil ken'ny. 


Iseo, e-sa'o 


Koo-an' or san Hw3n). 


Kincardine, king-kar'din. 


Iser or Isar, ee'zer. 


Jugger-naut/ or Juggernauts. 


Kingkitao, king-ke-td'o. 


Isere, e'zaiR' 


Jujuy, noo-Hwee' 


Kin ross'. 


Iserlohn, ee v zer-lon. 


Juliers, zhiTle-a' (Ger. Julich, yii - 


Kin tyre', syn Cantyre. 


I'sis. 


liK). 


Kiousiou or Kioosioo, ke-oo'se-oo'. 


Is-ken-der-roon', syn.Alexandretta 


Jum'na. 


Kircaldy kirkawl deorkir kaw de. 


Islamabad, is lama-bdd'. 


Jungfrau, yoong'frow. 


Kirkudbright, kir-koo'br'e. 


Isla, I'la, or I slay, Via 


Ju^ni-at'a. 


Kirk-wAll'. 


Isle of Wight, 11 ov wit. 


Ju'ra(Fr pron, zhuVa'). 


Kirman, keer-m^n , or Kerman. 


Ismail, is-ma-eel' " 


Jut'land (Dan. Julland, yiil'land). 


Kirman shah or Kirmanshaw, 


Ispahan, is-pa-haV. or Isfahan. 
Issoire, is^swaR' 




kee r-m ku ■ sha w'. 
Kiski min'e-tas 




Issoudun, is'sooMuN '. 


K. 


Kist'na, syn. Krishna. 


Is'tiia. 


Kit-ta-tin'ny. 


It'a-ly'(It Italia, e-ta'le-a). 




Kiusiu, ke-oo'se-oo'", syn. Kioosioo. 


Italian, it-al'yun or e-tal'yun. 


Kaarta, kiir'ta. 


Kiutaja See Kutaiyeh. 


Itapicuru, e-ti-pe-koo-roo'. 


Kaffa, k&f'fa, or Feodosia, fa-o-do'- 


Kiz'il Ir'mak (Turk pron. kiz'il 


It-a-wam'ba. 


se-a* 


eer-mdk'). 


Ith'a-ca, syn. Theaki. 


Kahira, ka'he-ra\ syn. Cairo. 


Klagenfurth, kla'gen-fooRt\ syn. 


IviQa, iviza, e-vee'sa, or Ibiza. 


Kairwan, kare-wdn'. 


Clagenfurth. 


Ivrea, e-vra'a\ 


Kaisarieh. ki-zar-ee'eh. 


Klamet, klahmet, syn. Tlamet. 




Kala-ma-zoo'. 

Kalisz or Kalisch, ki'lish. 


Klattau, klat'tdw. 

Klau'sen-burg (Ger pron. klow'- 




J. 


Kal'mar, syn. Calmar. 


zen-b6i3RG N , Hun. Kolozsvar, ko- 


Kal-oo'ga, written, also, Kaluga 


lozh-v|r'). 




and Kalouga. 


Knisteneaux, nis'te-no: 


Jaca, HaTtJ. 


Kama, kd'mi. 


Koenigingraetz. See Konigingriitz. 


Jacquemel or Jacmel, zhaVmel'. 


Kamieniec, kam r yen'y&ts\ some- 


Koenigsberg. See Konigsberg. 


Jaen. Ha-en' 


times written Kaminietz. 


Kolin, ko-leen'. 


Jaffa or yaTfa. 


Kamt-chat'ka or Kamtschatka. 


Kolozsvar. See Klausenburg. 


Jaf v na.-pa-tam'. 


Kanawha, kan-aw'wa. 


Kolyvan, ko-le-viin', syn. Revel. 


Jago,St." See Santiago 


KanMa-har'," syn. Candahar. 


Ko'morn, syn. Comorn. 


moon; do as in good; ow as in no 


jo; b like z; gh like g hard; th as in 


this. (See Explanations, p. 570.) 



582 



LAN 



Kongsberg, kongs'beRg. 
Konieh or Konia, ko'ne-a. 
Kbnigingratz, ken'ig-in-grets r , or 

Koniggratz, ken'ig-grets. 
Konigsberg or Koenigsberg, ken'- 

igz-berg(Ger. pron.ko'niGS-beRG v ). 
Kooban, Kouban, or Kuban, koo- 
ban'. 
Koondooz, Koundouz, or Kunduz, 

koon-dooz'. 
Koor, Kour, or Kur, koor. 
Koordistau, Kurdistan, or Curdis- 

tan, koor-dis-t&n'. 
Koorile, Kourile, or Kurile, koo'ril. 
Koorsk, Koursk, or Kursk, koorsk. 
Korassan, ko v ras-san', syn. Kho- 

rassan. 
Koros, koVosh', almost kerVesh'. 
Kosciusko, kos-se-us'ko. 
Koslin. kos-leen', syn. Coeslin. 
Kos-tro'ma. 

Kouban. 'See Kooban. 
Koursk. See Koorsk. 
Koutaieh. See Kuta'iyeh. 
Kowno, kov'no. 
Krasnoyarsk, Krasno'iarsk, or 

Krasnojarsk, kras v no-yarsk'. 
Krem'nitz (Hun. Korinecz Banya. 

kor'mets b|n'yoh). 
Kreuznach, kroits'naK. 
Krish'na or Kist'na. 
Kur. See Koor. 
Kurdistan. See Koordistan. 
Kurile. See Koorile. 
Kurisbe or Curishe-Haff, koo'rish 

eh-haff. 
Kurland. See Courland. 
Kursk. See Koorsk. 
Kuta'iyeh, ku-ta'ya, or Koutaieh 

or Kutaja, koo-ti'a. 



Laaland, law'land, or Lol'land. 
La Baca, pronounced, and often 

written, La Vac'ca. 
LabVa-dor'. 
Lac'ca-dlves\ 
Lack-a-wan'na. 
Lack-a-wax'en. 
Ladak'h, ld v daK'. 
Ladikia. See Latakia. 
Lad-o'ga. 

Lad-rones (Sp. pron, laB-ro'nes). 
La Fere. See Fere. 
La Fayette, laf-a-yett'. 
La Fourche, lah foorsh. 
La Grauge, lah granj. 
Lago di Coino, la'go de ko'mo. 
Lago Maggiore, la'go mad-jo'ra. 
La Guayra, la gwi'ra. 
Laguna, la-goo'na. 
Laguna del Madre, la-goo'na del 

mao'ra. 
La Haye. See Hague. 
Lahn, l|n. 
Lahore, la-hor / . 

Lahsa or Lachsa, laH'sa, syn. Hajar. 
Laibach, H'baK, syn. Laybach. 
Laland. See Laaland. 
La Mancha,la man'cha or mantch'a. 
La Marche. la maRsh 
Lainbayeque, lam-bl-a'ka. 
Lamego, la-ma'go. 
Lanai, la'ni, or Ranai, rani. 
Lan'ark-shire or Lanerkshire, syn 

Clydesdale. 
Lancashire, lank'a-shir. 
Lanc'as-ter. 



LEN 

Lan-cer-o'ta or Lanzarote (Sp. 

pron. lan-tha-ro'ta). 
Lanciano, lan-che-a'no or lan- 

cha'no. 
Lan-datF, more properly Llandaff. 
Landau, lan'dow; written, also, 

Landaw. 
Landes, loNd. 
Landry, lan'dre. 

Lands'berg (Ger. pron. lants'b§RG). 
Laudscrona, lands'kroo-iaa. 
Land's-End'. 
Landshut, lands'hoot (Ger. pron. 

ldnts'hoot). 
Langeac, l6N QX zhak'. 
Langeland, lang'e-land, or Lang'- 

land. 
Langensalza, lang^en-salts'a. 
Langres, loNg'r. 
Languedoc, loN^gheh-dok'. 
Lanzarote. See Lancerota. 
La-cd-i-ce'a. See Latakia. 
Laon, ]aY>N G '. 
Laos, la'oce. 
La Paz. See Paz. 
Lap'land. 

La Plata, la pla'ta See Plata. 
La Puebla or La Puebla de los 

Angeles, la pweb'la da loce ang'- 

Hel-is. 
Laredo, la-ra'do, 
Lar-is'sa. 

Laristan, lar-is-tan'. 
Lar'nI-ca. 
La Salle,' lah sail. 
Las Palmas, las pal'mas, syn. Pal- 
mas. 
Las'sa or H'lassa, h'las'sa. 
Latakia, la v ta-kee'a, or Ladikia, 

la'de-kee'a, 
LatUa-koo'. 
Lauban, low'ban. 
Lauenburg, low'en-burg or low'en- 

booRG v . 
Lau'der-dale- 
Lausanne, lo v zann'. 
Lauterbrunnen,low'ter-broon x nen, 

or Lauterbrunn, low'ter-br6onn\ 
Lav-ac'ca, syn. La Baca. 
Laval, ll v val'. 
Lavoro, la-vo'ro. 
Laybach or Laibach, H'baK (Illyr. 

Lublana, loo-bla'nd). 
Leb'a-non. 
Lecce, let'cha. 
Lech, leK. 
Lectoure, lekHooR'. 
Leeuwarden, lo'waR v den. 
Leg-horn' or leg'horn (It. Livorno, 

le-voR'no) 
Legnano, len-ya'no. 
Leh or Lei, la. 
Lehigh, lee'hl. 
Leicester, les'ter. 
Leiden. H'den, syn. Leyden. 
Leiningen, li'ning-en. 
Leinster. Hn'ster or leen'ster. 
Leipsic, llp'sik (Ger. Leipzig, llp'- 

tsiG). 
Leiria or Leyria, la-ree'a. 
Leith, leeth. 
Leitmeritz, Ht'mer-its, or Leut- 

meritz, loit'mer-its. 
Leitrim, lee'trim. 
Le Mans, leh moN Q . 
Lem'berg "(Ger pron. lem'beRG; 

Pol Lwow, lwof). 
Le'na (Russ. pron la-na'). 
Lenape See Lenni-Lennappe. 
Len'a-wee. 



LOF 

Lenni-Lennappe, len'ne-len v na'pi, 

often written Lenape. 
Lenoir, le-nore'. 
Lentini, len-tee'ne. 
Leogane, la-o-gan'. 
Le'on (Sp. pron. la-6n'). 
Le Puy, leh pwee. See Puy. 
Lerida, ler'e-da. 
Les Andelys, la z3nd v le'. See 

Andelys. 
Les Gonaives, la go^niv'. See Go- 

naives. 
Les Martigues, la maRHeeg'. 
Lestwithiel. See Lostwithiel. 
Leucadia, lu-ka'de-a,, syn. Santa 

Maura. 
Leuchtenberg, loiK'ten-beRG\ 
Leutmeritz, loit'mer-its, syn. Leit- 
meritz. 
Leutschau, loit'show (Hun. Loose, 

lo-cha). 
Le-vant'. 

Leyden or Leiden, H'den. 
Liampo, le-am'po\ syn. Ning-Po. 
Libadia, liv-a-Dee'a, syn. Livadia. 
Li-be'ri-a. 

Libourne, le v booRn'. 
Lichtenau, liK'teh-now\ 
Lichtenfels, liK'ten-fels\ 
Lichtenstein, lik'ien-stln\ or Liech- 
tenstein, leeK'ten-stIn v . 
Liege, leej (Fr.* pron. le-aizh'; 

Dutch, Luyk or Luik, loik; Ger. 

Luttich, liit'tiK). 
Liegnitz, leeg'nits. 
Lieou Khieou. See Loo Choo. 
Lier, leer (Fr. Lierre, le-aiR'). 
Liimfiord, leem-le-ord', syn. Lym- 

fiord. 
Lille or Lisle, leel. 
Lima (Peru), lee'ma. 
Lima (U. S.), ll'ma. 
Lim'burg (Fr. Limbourg, laiu v - 

booR'). 
Limoges, le^mozh'. 
Limousin, le'moo^saN ', or Limosin. 
Linares, le-na'res. 
Lincoln, link'un. 
Linkoping or Linkjoping, lin'cho v - 

ping. 
Lin-lith'gow. 
Lintz or Linz, lints. 
Lipari, lip'a-re or lee'pa-re. 
Lippe, lip'peh, 
Lippe-Detmold, -det'molt. 
Lippe-Schauenburg, -show'en- 

booRG v or shdw'en-burg. 
Lis'bon (Port. Lis-bo'a, or lees-bo'a). 
Lisle," leel, syn Lille" 
Lis'sa (Pol. Leszno, lesh'no). 
Lith-u-a'ni-a. 
Litiz (Pa.), lit'its. 
Livadia or Libadia, liv-a-Dee'a. 
Liv'er pool. 

Li vo'nI-a(Ger. Liefland, leef'klnt). 
Livorno, Je-voR'no, syn. Leghorn. 
Ljusne, lyoos'na. 
Llandaff. lau-daff', or Landaff. 
Llangollen, lan-goth'len. 
Llauidloes, lan'id-less! 
Llanos, lya'noce. 
Llaurwst, lau'roost. 
Llerena, lyA-ra'na. 
Loango, lo-ang'go. 
Lochaber, l6ic-d'ber. 
Loch Lomond. See Lomond. 
Lodeve, loMaiv'. 
Lodi (Italy), lo'de. 
Lodi (U S.), lo'di. 
Lof-fo'den or Lo-fo'den. 



Fate, far, fall, fat, me, met; nd, n6t, a, e, i, o, obscure; a, 



o, u, long i 



o, u, short; oo i 





LVO 


n '.:: 


MEC 583 


Logrono, lo-gr6nyo. 
Loir, iwaR 


M. 


Maracaybo or Maracaibo, md-rd- 
kl'bo 


Loire, lwdr 




Mar'a-mec' or Mer'ri-mack. 


Loiret. IwdYd' 


Maas, mds, syn. Meuse. 


MaranAani' or Marauhao (Port. 


Lol'land, syn Laaland. 


Maasluys, ma'slois, or Maasland- 


pron. md-idn yd'oN ). 


Lom'*bar-dy (It Loinbardia, lom- 


sluys, uias'ldnt-slois\ 


Marafion.md-rdn-yoii',iv/«.Amazon. 


baR dee'a). 


Maastricht] niAs'triKt or mds'triKt, 


Marbella, mar-bel'yi. 


Lomond, Loch, Iok lo'mund. 


syn. Maastricht. 


Mai/burg (Ger. pron. maR'booRG). 


Londou, lun dun or lun'd'n. 


Macao, nid-kd'o or ma-k3w\ 


Marche, La, Id inau.-h. 


Londonderry, lun'dun-der re 


Macedonia, mas-se-do'ne-a. 


Mar-deeu'; written, also, Mardiu 


Lons-le-Saulnier, liNMeh-so'- 


Macerata, md-cha-ra'ta. 


and Merdin. 


ne-A' 


Machias, match-i'us. 


Mar-en'go. 


Loo Choo (ch as in child) , written, 


Mack'I-naw", formerly Michili- 


M argarita, mar-ga-ree'ta. 


also, Lieou Khieou 


mackinac, mish v il-e-mak'in-aw. 


Mariana, md-re-d'nd. 


Look'nooee', syn Saigon. 


MacLean, mak-lane'. 


Mariel, md v re-el'. 


Lo-ret'to (It. and Sp. Loreto, lo- 


Macomb, ma-koom'. 


Ma'ri-en-berg (Ger. pron. md-ree'- 


rA'to). 


Macon (France), md'koN G '. 
Macon (U.S.), ma'kun. 


en-beRG v ). 


Lorient or L'Orient, loYe v oN G '. 


Ma'ii-en-burg (Ger. pron. md-ree'- 


Los Angeles. See La Puebla de -los 


Macoupin, ma-koo'pin. 


en-bOoRG v ). 


Angeles. [Often incorrectly 


Macquarrie, niak-kwoVre. 


Ma'rl-en-wer'der (Ger. pron. nid- 


written Los Angelos."] 


Mad-a-gas'car. 


ree'en-weRMer). 


Lostwithiel, lost-with'el, or Lest- 


Madeira, nia-dee'ra, (Port. pron. 


Marienzell. md-ree'en-tsell v , or Ma- 


withiel. 


ma-da'e-ra). 


riazell, md-ree'A-tsell x . 


Lot (t pronounced). 


Mad-ras'. 


Marigliano, md-reel-yd'no. 


Lough Neagh, Ion na. 


Mad-rid' (Sp. pron. ma-DreeD', al- 


Marin, md-reen'. 


Loughrea, ldn v rA'. 


most math-reeth'). 


Marion, ma're-un. 


Louis, St., sent loo'is or loo'e (Fr. 


Mad'rid (in the U. S.). 


Maritza or Marizza, md-rit'sd. 


pron. sAn g looV), 


Maelar, ma'lar, or Mselaren, mA'- 


Marlborough, marl'b'ruh. 


Louisiade, loo-ee-ze-ad'. 


lar-en. 


Mar'mo-ra or Mar'ma-ra. 


Louisiana. looVze-ah'na. 


Maese. See Meuse. 


^larne, maRn. 


Louisville, loo'is-vil. 


Maestricht or Maastricht, mds'- 


Ma-roc'co, syn. Morocco. 


Louknoui, look v noo v ee', syn.Saigon. 


triKt. 


Marosch, md'rosh (Hun. Maros, 


Louth (rhyming with the verb to 


Mag-da-le'na (Sp. pron. mdg-dd- 


mor-osh). 


mouth). 


lA'nd). 


Maros Tasarhely, mor'osh' vd-sb^R- 


Louvain, loo-vane' (Fr. pron. loo v - 


Mag'de-burg (Ger. pron. mdG'deh- 


hei/ (Ger. Neumarkt, noi'maRkt). 


vaNG'). 


bouRG v ). 


Marquesas, mar-ka'sds. 


'Louviers, looVe-a' (formerly Lo- 


Magellan, ma-jel'lan (Sp. pron. md- 


Marquette, mar-kett'. 


« Tiers, lo v ve-A'). 


Hel-ydn'). 


Marsala, maR-sd'ld. 


Low'ell. 


Mageroe, mag'er-o or md^gher-b'eh. 


Marseilles, mar-sailz' (Fr. Mar- 


Lowndes, lowndz. 


Maggiore, mdd-jo'ra. 


seille, maR^sail'). 


Lozere, lo r zaiR'. 


Magindinao, md-Hin-de-nd'o, syn. 


MarHa-ban'. 


Lii'beck. 


Mindinao. 


Martigues, Les, lA maR^teeg'. 


Lucayos. loo-kl'oce, syn. Bahamas. 


Mahanuddy, mah-han-nud'de. 
Mahon, md-hone' or md-one'. 


Martinique, marHin-eek' (Sp. Mar- 


Luc'ca (It. pron. look'kd). 


tinico, maR-te-nee'ko). 


Lu-ce'na, or loo-tha'na. 


Mab-rat'ta. 


Mar'war\ syn. Joodpoor. 


Lucera, loo-cha'ra. 


Main or M'ayn, mln. 


Ma'ry-land. 


Lu-cerne, (Fr. pron. lifseRn'; Ger. 


Maine, man. 


Masafuera, mds-d-fwA'rd. 


Luzern or Lucern, loot-seRn'). 


Maj-or'ca(Sp.Mallorca,mdl-yoR'kd). 


Mascarenhas, mds-kd-ren'yds. 


Lucerne, Lake of (Ger. "VYaldstadter 


MaPa-baV. 


Mas-kat' or Mas-cate', syn. Muscat. 


See or Vierwaldstadter See, feer- 


Mal'a-ga. or mdld-gd. 


Mas-ke'gon or Mas-ke'go. 


wdlt'stet-ter zA). 


Mala'isia, rnal-A'she-a. 


Mas v sa-chu'setts. 


Lucia, (St.), iu'she-a. 


Malar. See Maelar." 


Masua or Massouah, mds'soo-d; 


Luck'now\ 


Malay, ma-la'. 


written, also, Massowah. 


Lucon. See Luzon. 


Maldives, mal'dlvz. 


Masulipatam, mas-soo r le-pa-tam'. 


Lu v da-mar'. 


Malines, md'leen', syn. Mechlin. 


Mat-a-mo'ros or Matamoras. 


Ludwigsburg, lood'wigs-burg or 


Mal'mo or mdl'mo. 


Mat-an'zas 'or md-tdn'thds. 


lood'wiGs-booRG v . 


Malmohus, mdl'mo-hooce. 


Mat v a.-pan'. 


Ludwigslust, lood'wiGs-lo5st\ 


Malo (St.), mdMo'. 


Mat-ar-ee'yeh ; often written Ma- 


Lugano, loo-gd'no. 


Malplaquet, mdrpla^kA'. 


teria or Mataryeh. 


Lugo, loo'go- 


Malta, mawl'ta. 


Matsmay or Matsma'i, mats-mi'. 


Luneburg, lu'neh-burg or lii'neh- 


Malvern, maw'vern. 


Mauch-Chunk, mawk-chunk'. 


booRG\ 


Malwah, mawl'wa. 


Maui, pronounced, and sometimes 


Lu'nen-burg. 


Manaar, man-ar'. 


written, Mow'ee. 


Luneville, lu'ne-vil or lifnaMlK 


Mancha, La, Id mdn'chd. 


Maurepas, mo're-pd x . 


Lupata, lu-pa'ta. 


Manche, mSNsh. 


Mauritius, maw-rish'e-us. 


Lusatia, lu-sA'she-a (Ger. Lausitz, 


Man'ches-ter. 


Mayence. See Mentz. 


low'zits; Fr. Lusace, liPzdss'). 


Manchooria. See Mantchooria. 


Mayenne, md v yenn' or mrenn'. 


Lux'em-burg (Fr. Luxembourg, 


Man-fre-do'ni-a or mdn-frA-do'ne-d. 


Mayn, nun, syn. Main. 


lux v 6ji v booR'). 


Manheim or "Mannheim, mdn'- 


Mayo (Ireland), md'o. 


Luxeuil, liix^ui/. 


hime. 


Mayo (Mexico;, ml'o. 


Luzern. See Lucerne. 


Man-ilia. (Sp. Manila, md-nee'ld). 


Mazanderan, md-zdn-der-dn', or 


Luzerne (U. S.), lu-zern'. 


Manitouwoc, manVtoo-wok'. 


Mazanderoon. md-zdn-der-oon' 


Luzon, loo-zone' or Lugon (Sp. 


Mans, Le, leh mox G . 


Maz-at-lan' or md-sdt-idn' ' 


pron. looHhone'). 


Mantchooria, Mandshooria, or 


Meacb, me-d'ko, syn. Miaco. 


Lyme-Regis, llm-ree'jis. 


Mandchouria, man-choo're-a. 


Meaux, mo. 


Lym v fi-ord', or Liimliord, leem- 


Man'tu-a (It. Mantova, mdn'to-vd). 


Mec ca. 


fe-ord' 


Manzanillo, pronounced mdn-sd- 


Mechlin, meklin. or Mechelcn. 


Lynn-Regis, lin-ree'jis. 


neel'yo by the Mexicans, and 


meK'el-en(Fr Malines, md'leer/) 


Lyonnais or Lyonais. le^n'nA'. 


mdn-thd-neel'yo by the Span- 


Meck'leu-burg (Ger. pron. meek'- 


Ly'ons (Fr. L}-on, le\5x G ')- 


iards. 


len-boGRG v ). 


moon; 66 as in good; ow as in no 


w, s li.^e :; gh like# hard, th as ii: 


l thus. (See Explanations, p oTo ) 



584 



MIN 



MOR 



NAT 



Mecklenburg Schwerin, -shwSr- 

een' 
Mecklenburg Strelitz, -strel'its. 
Medina (Arabia), med-ee'na. 
Medina (U. S.), me-di'na. 
Medina Sidonia, med-ee'na se-do'- 

ne-L 
Med s i-ter-ra'ne-an. 
Mehallet-el-kebeer or -el-kebir, 

meh-hal'let-el-keh-beeR / . 
Meidain, maVdam'. 
Meinam or Menam, miVnam' or 

ma-Dam'. 
Meinder, man'der, syn. Maeander. 
Meiningen, mi'ning-en, or Mei- 

nungen, mi'noong-en. 
Meissen, mi'cen. 
Mejerdah or' Medjerdah, meh- 

jer'da. 
Mek'i-nez, Mek'i-nes, or Mek'nas ; 

also written Mequinez. 
Melazzo. See Milazzo. 
Me'los, syn. Milo. 
Mel-rose'j 

Me-lun' (Fr. pron. m'luN G ). 
Mem'el or msi'mel. 
Mem v phre-ma'gog. 
Mendana, men-dan'ya. See Mar- 
quesas. 
Mende, mfiNd. 

Men-do'za (Sp. pron. men-do'thi). 
Mentz, ments, or Mainz, mints 

(Fr. Mayence, m£ v y6Nss'). 
Menzaleh, men v za'leh. 
Mequinez. See Mekinez. 
Merdin, mer-deen', syn. Mardeen. 
Mergui or Merghi, mer-ghee'. 
Mer'i-da or mer'e-d&. 
Merimachi. See Miramacbi. 
Mer'I-on'eth. 
Mermentau, merWn-to' 
Mer'o-e. 
Mer'ri-mack. 
Mer'se-burg (Ger. pron. meVseh- 

b00RG x ). 

Mersey, mer'ze. 

Merthyr Tydvil or Tydfil, mer'ther 

tid'vil. 
Mesh'ed' or Mush'ed v ; written, 

also, Mesched and Mescbid. 
Mesolongi. See Missolonghi. 
MesVpo-ta'ml-a; called El-Jez-ee'- 

rab (Al-Jezira) by tbe Arabs. 
Messina, mes-see'na*. 
Mesurado, rnes-oo-ra'do. 
Metelin, met-e-leen', or Myt-e-le'ne. 
Metz, mets (Fr. pron. mace). 
Meurthe, muRt. 
Meuse, muze (Fr. pron. muz; 

Dutch, Maese or Maas, m|s). 
Mex'I-co (Sp. pron. meb'ne-ko)". 
Mezieres, mezVaiR'. 
Miaco, me-i'ko, or Kee'o. 
Miami, ml-ah'me. 
Michigan, misb'e-g'n or mish'e- 

gan. 
Mic'hilimackinac, mish r il-e-mak'- 

in-aw, syn. Mackinaw. 
Michoacan, me v cho-a-kan'. 
Mifoni. mik'o-nee, syn. Myconos. 
Milan (It. Milano, me-la'no). 
Mila'zzo, me-lat'so, or Melazzo, mi- 

lat'so. 
Mil-wau'kee or Milwaukie. 
Mincio, min'cho. 
Mindanao, min-da-n£'o, or Magin- 

dinao, mJ-Hin-de-na'o. 
Minho (in Portugal), meen'yo. 
Mino (in Spain), meen'yo. 
Min-or'ca or Men-or'ca. 



Miramacbi, mir'a-ma-shee'. 
Mirandola, me-raVdo-la. 
Mirepoix, mir v eh-pwa' or meeR^- 

pwa'. 
Miskolcz, mish-kolts'. 
Mis-sis'que. 
Mis v sis-sip'pi. 

Missolonghi. mis-so-long'gbe. 
Missouri, mis-soo're. 
Mittau, init'tow. 
Mobile, mo-beel'. 

Mocha, mo'ka (Arab. pron. mo'Ka v ). 
Mod'en-a or mod'en-a. 
Modica, mod'e-ka. 
Mog'a-dore' (called Swee'ra by tbe 

Moors). 
Mo-gul'. 

Mohics, mo v h|tch'. 
Mo'hawk. 
Mo-hee'lef; written, also, Mobilew 

and Moghilev. 
Moissac, mwas v sak'. 
Moldau, mol'dow. 
Mol-da'vi-a, 
Molise, mo-lee'sil. 
Molokai, mo-lo-kl', or Morotai. 
Mo-luc'cas. 

Mombaza, mom-ba'za. 
Mom-pox' (Sp. pron. mom-poH'). 
Monaco, mon'a-ko. 
Monaghan, mon'a-Han. 
Monastir, pronounced, and some 

times written, Mon-as-teer'. 
Mondego, mon-da'go. 
Mondonedo, mon-d6n-ya'DO. 
Mon-go'li-a. 
Mo-non v ga-he'la. 
Mo-no n-ga'11-a. 
Monopoli, mo-nop'o-le. 
Monreale, mon-ra-a'la. See Mont- 

reale. 
Mon-ro'vi-a. 
Mons, moN a (Flem. Bergen, beR'- 

Hen). 
Montagnana, mon-tan-ya'na. 
Montargis, moN GV taR x ztie'. 
Montauban, moN TC HoMidN G '. 
Montbrison, m6N GV bre v zoN a 
Montcalm, mont-kam'. 
Mont-de-Marsan, m6N G -deh-maR > - 

s6n g '. 
Montelimart, moNGHelVmaR'. 
Monterey, mon-ta-ray'. 
Mon-te-vid'e-o or mon-ta-vee'da-o. 
Montgomery, mont-gum'er-e. 
Montilla, mon-teel'ya. 
Montmartre, m6N cX maRtV. 
Montmorenci, mont-mo-ren'se. 
Mont-pe'li-er. 
Mont-pel'li-er (Fr. pron. in6N G, peT- 

le-a'). 
Montreal, mont-re-awl' (Fr. Mont- 
real, moN G Va v al'). 
Montreale, mont-ra-a'la; more pro- 
perly, Monreale. 
Mont v ser-rat'. 
Monza, mon'za. 

Mooltan or Moultan, mool-tan'. 
Moorshedabad, moor v she-da-bdd'. 
Moorzook. Mourzouk, or Murzuk, 

moor-zook'. 
Mo-ra/vi-a (Ger. Mabren, ma'ren). 
Moray, pronounced, and often 

written, Mur'ray. 
Morbiban, moR'be v ON G '. 
Mo-re'a, syn. Peloponnesus. 
Morena, Sierra, se-er'ra mo-ra'na. 
Morlaix, moR^la'. 
Mo-roc'co or Marocco (Arab. Ma- 

raksh, mil-raksh'). 



Morotai, mo-ro-tl", syn Molokai 
[For an explanation of this in- 
terchange of the letters I and r, 
and k and i, the inquirer is re- 
ferred to note on page 1692 of 
Lippincott's Gazetteer of the 
World.] 

Mortagne. moR v tan'. 

Mos'cow (Russ.Moskwa.mosk-wR'). 

Moselle, mo-zell (Ger. Mosel, mo'- 
zel). 

Mosk'wa (Russ. pron. mosk-wa'). 

Mosquito, mos-kee'to. 

Mo'sul or Moo'sul. 

Moulins, moo v laN G '. 

Moultan, mool-tan', syn. Mooltan. 

Mourzouk. See Moorzook. 

Mow'ee, syn. Maui. 

Mozambique, mo-zam-beek'. 

Muhlenburg, mu'len-burg. 

Miihlhausen, miile^how'zen. 

Muhlhausen, mule'how'zen (Fr. 
Muhlhouse, miil N ooz'). 

Miihlheim, miile'hime. 

Mulde, mool'deh. 

Munich, inu'nik (Ger. Miincben, 
miin'Hen). 

Murcia, mur'she-a(Sp. pron. mooR'- 
the-a). 

Murray, mur're, syn. Moray. 

Mursuk. See Moorzook. 

Murviedro, mooR-ve-a'dro. 

Mus-cat'; sometimes written Mas- 
cat or Mascate. 

Muscatine, mus v ka-teen'. 

Mus-co'gee (g hard). 

Mus'co-vy. 

Muskingum, mus-king'gum. 

Myc'o-nos, syn. Miconi or Myconi, 
mik'o-nee. 

Mysore, ml-sor'. 

Myt-i-le'ne, syn. Metelin. 



N. 



Naas, nace. 

Nabajo, pronounced, and some- 
times written, Kav'a-hoe, or Na- 
bajoa, na-va-Ho'a. 

Nagy Enyed, nod'yeb (almost nodj) 
en v yed'. 

Nagy Karoly, nodj (or nod'yeh) 
k|'rol\ 

Nagy Szombath, n5dj som'bot\ 
syn. Tyrnau. 

Naa;y Tarad, nodj va'rod\ 

Na-hant'. 

Namur, na'mur (Fr. pron. na r - 
miiR'; Flem. Namen, nd'men). 

Nan'cy (Fr. pron. nSN G, se'). 

Nangasaki, nang-ga-sa'ke. 

Nan-kin' or Nan-king'; called, 
also, Ni-ang' King. 

Nantes, nants (Fr. pron. n6Nt). 

Nantwich, nant'ich. 

Naples,n t a'pelz (It. Napoli,na'po-le). 

Narbonne, naR v bonn'. 

Narmada, naR-ma'da, syn. Ner- 
buddah. 

Nar'o-va, or Nar'va. 

Nash'u-a. 

Nas'sau"(Ger. pron. n^s'sow). 

Natal, na-tal'. 

Natcb'ez. 

Natch'i-tocb'es, sometimes pro- 
nounced nakVtttsh'. 

Na-to'H-a or An-a.-to'11-a, or Ana- 
doli, i-nd-do'le. 



Fate, far, fall, fat; me, met ; nA, nSt ; a, 



obscin 



e, I, 0, ii, long; a, e, I, o, u, short; oo as in 



NIG 



OGL 



OTR 



585 



Naum'burg (Ger. pron. nowm'- 

bOORG). 

Nav'a-hoe (Indians) ; -written, also, 

Na'bajo. 
Navarino, nav-a-ree'no, or Neocas- 

tro. nd v o-kas'tro. 
Nav-arre' (Sp. Navarra, nd-var'rd). 
Naviglio Grande, nd-veel'yo gran'- 

da. 
Naxia, nax-ee'a, or Nax'os. 
Neagh, Lough, 16h nd. 
Neau, n^o', ~syn. Eupen. 
Nedjd, nej'd, or Nedj'ed. 
N@g l a-pa-tam'. 
Neg-ro-p'out' or Eg'ri-po. 
Neisse, ni'ceh. 
Nejin. See Nezheen. 
Neots, St., sent neets'. 
Ne-paul' or Nepal. 
Ner-bud'dah, or Narmada, nar- 

ma'da. 
Ner-tch'insk'. 

Neschin. nesh-een'. See Nezheen. 
Ne-sham'I-ny. 
Neth'er-lands (Dutch, Nederland, 

nd'der-ldnt v ). 
Nethou, neh-too'. 
Neu'burg (Ger. pron. noiljooRG"). 
Neufchatel or Neuchatel, nush v a x - 

tel' (Ger. Neuenburg, noi'en- 

bl'ORG v ). 

Neu-Markt, noi-markt. 
Neu-Ruppin. noi-ruop-peen'. 
Neusatz, noi'sats (Hun. Ujvidek, 

oo-e-ve-daik). 
Neuse, nuce. 
Neu'sohl or noi'sole. 
Neustadt, nu'stat or noi'statt. 
Nen-Wied, nu'weed or noi'weet. 
Ne'va. (Russ. pron. nd'v&). 
Nevada, nd-va'Da. 
Nevado, nd-va'Do. 
Nevers, neh-vaiR'. 
Ne'vis, Ben. 

Newcastle (Delaware), nu'kas-sel. 
Newcastle (England), nu-kas'sel. 
Newfoundland, nu'fund-land\" 
New Granada, nu gra-na'dd. 
New Guinea, -ghin'e, syn. Papua. 
New Jersey, -jer'ze. 
New Le'on (Sp. Nuevo Leon, nwd'- 

vo Id-one'). 
New Mex'i-co (Sp. Nuevo Mexico, 

nwd'vo meh'He-ko). 
New Or'le-ans, often, but incor- 
rectly, called New Or-leens'. 
New Sa'rum. syn. Salisbury. 
New San-tan'der (Sp. Nuevo San- 

tander, nwa'vo san-tan-daiR'). 
New Zealand, -zee'land. 
Nezh-een'; written, also, Nejin 

and Neschin. 
Nez Perce, na peR^sd', commonly 

pronounced nay per'ce. 
Niagara, ni-ag'a-rah. 
Nicaragua, nik-ar-d'gwa. 
Nice, neess (It. Nizza, nit'sa). 
Nicholas, nik'o-lus. 
N ic-o-bar'. 
Nic'o-las, St. (Fr. Saint Nicolas, 

sa"N G "ne x koMa'). 
Nicopoli, ne-kop'o-le. 
Nicosia, ne-ko'se-a. 
Niederwesel, nee'der-wd v zel, syn. 

Wesel. 
Niemen, nee'men (Pol. pron. 

nyem'en). 
Nieuport, nu'port. 
Nievre. ne-aivV. 
Niger, ni'jer, or Quor'ra. 



Nijni. See Nizhnee. 

Nikolaiof or Nikolaiew, ne-ko-H'ef. 

Nik'ols-burg (Ger. pron. ne'kols- 

boORG v ). 
Nile (Arab. Bahr Nil, baH'r neel). 
Nimegue. See Nimwegen. 
Nlmes or Nismes, neem. 
Nimwegen, nim-wd'ghen; more 

correctly, Nymwegen, nim-wd'- 

ghen (Fr. Nimegue, ne^maig'). 
Ning-Po, formerly Liampo, le-am'- 

po\ 
Niph-on' or Nip-on'. 
NishVpoor'; written, also, Nisha- 

pour. 
Nizh'nee (or Nijni) Nov^go-rod'. 
Nocera, no-chd'rd. 
Noerdlingen. See Nordlingen. 
Nord. noR. 

Nordhausen, noRt-how'zen. 
Nordlingen or Noerdlingen, nort'- 

liug-eu, almost nurt'ling-en. 
Nor'man-dy. 

Norrkoping, noR'cho-ping. 
Nor'way (Norw. Norge, noR'geh or 

noR'gd). 
Norwich (England), nor'ridge. 
Norwich(U.S.),nor'richornor'wich. 
Novara, no-va'ra. 
Nova Scotia, no'va sko'she-a. 
No'va Zem'bla. 
Nov v go-rod' or" NoVo-go-rod'. 
Novi. no've. 
Noyon, noh v yA>' G '. 
Nu'bi-a. 

Nueces", nwa'ces. 
Nueva Helvetia, nwd'va hel-va'- 

te-d. syn. New Helvetia. 
Nuevitas, nwd-vee'tds. 
Nuevo Leon, nwa'vo la-one', syn. 

New Leon. 
Nuevo Santander, nwd'vo san-tln- 

daiR', syn. New Santander. 
Nukahiva, noo x ka-hee'va. 
Nu'rem-berg (Ger. Nurnberg, 

ntiRn'bftRG). 
Nykoping or Nykjbping, nti'cho^- 

ping, almost nee'chup-ing. 
Nyon, ne^ox '. 



0. 



Oahu, wah'hoo. 

Oaxaca or Oajaca, wa-naTi^; writ- 
ten, also, Guaxaca. 

Obi or Oby. 6'be, or Ob. 

Ocafia. o-kdn'ya. 

Oceana, o-she-ah'na. 

Oceanica, o-she-an'e-ka. 

Ochotsk. See Okhotsk. 

Oc-mulg'ee, formerly written Oak- 
mulgee. 

O-co'nee. 

Oczakow. See Otchakof. 

Odense, o'den-seh. 

O-des'sa. 

Oedenburg, e'den-burg or o'den- 
booRG v (Hun. Soprony,sho-pron). 

Oeland, e'lund or o'land. 

Oels, els or 61s. 

Oerebro, erVbro or o're-bro. 

Oesel. e'sel or 6'sel. 

Oettingen, et'ting-en or 6t'ting-en. 

O'fen. syn. Buda. 

Offenbach, of'fen-baK\ 

Ogeechee, o-ghee'che. 

Oglethorpe, 6'g'l-thorp. 

Oglio, 6l'vo. 



O-hi'o. 

Oise, oiz (Fr. pron. wdz, almost wiz). 

Ojibbeway. See Chippeway. 

Okhotsk, o-Kotsk' (Russ. pron. 
almost o-Hotsk'). 

Oktibbeha, ok-tib'be-haw. 

Ol'den-burg (Ger. pron. ol'den- 
bo'uRG v ). 

Oleron, o x la v rAx G '; sometimes writ- 
ten Oloron, oMo'i-on '. 

01-i-ven'za or Oliveuga (Sp. pron. 
o-le-ven'tha). 

Ol'miitz or Oll'miitz. 

O-lo-uets' or Olonetz. 

Oman, o-mdn'. 

O'mer, St. (Fr. Saint Omer, saxt 
o N maiR'). 

O-ne'ga. (Russ. pron. o-nd'gd). 

Oneglia, o-nel'yd. 

Oneida, o-nl'da. 

Onondaga, on^un-daw'ga. 

Ontario, on-td're-o. 

Oojein, oo-jdne'. 

Oo-na-las'ka or Oo-na-lash'ka ; writ- 
ten, also," Unalaschka. 

Oor'fa. ; written, also, Urfa, Ourfa, 
and Orfa. 

Oorghenj, Ourghendj, or Urgendj, 
oor-ghenj'; sometimes written 
Urghenz and Urgantz; syn. 
Khiva. 

Ooroomeea or Urumiya, oo-roo- 
mee'a; written, also, Urmiah 
and Ourmiah. 

Oos-tan-aw'la. 

Oosterhout, oce'ter-howt\ 

Oostioog Velikee.'Ustiug Yeliki, or 
Oustioug Veliki, oos-te-oog' vel'- 
e-kee. 

Oozbek, Ouzbek, or Uzbeck, ooz v - 
bek'. 

Oozbekistan, ooz-bek-is-tdn', syn. 
Bokhara. 

O-por'to. 

Oppenheim, op'pen-hTme\ 

Or'ange (Fr. pron. o v r6Nzh'). 

Orcades, or'ka-dez, syn. Orkneys. 

Orebro. See Oerebro. 

Or'e-gon. 

O-rel' or Or-lof. 

Orellana. o-rel-ya'nd, syn. Amazon. 

0'ren-boorg v or Orenburg. 

Orihuela, o-re-wd'ld. 

O-rin-o'ko. 

O-ris'ka-ny. 

Orizaba, o-re-sd'ba. 

Orkneys, ork'nez. 

Orleanais or Orleanois, oR^ld^n^d'. 

Oi-'le-ams (Fr. pron. or'LVon"'). 

Or'miis or Ormuz(Pers. Hormocz). 

Orne, ORn. 

Orontes, o-ron'tez (called, by the 
Arabs, El Aasy, el d'se v ). 

OKte-gal or OR-td-gdl'.~ 

Orthez or Orthes. orHA'. 

Orvieto, oR-ve-d'to. 

O^sage' (Fr. pron. 6*zdzh'). 

Osceola, os-se-o'la. 

Oshmooneyn or Achmouneyn, osh- 
moo-ndne'. 

Os'na-briiclO ("often called, in Eng- 
lish, Cs'na-burg). 

Os'si-pee. 

Ossuna. os-soo'na. 

Ost-end'. 

Oswegatchie, osVe-gatch'e. 

( )?-we'iro. 

Otaheite. See Tahiti. 

Otchakof or Oczakow, otchVkof. 

O-tran'to. 



moon; 65 as in good, 6w as in now, 8 like z; gh like g hard; th as in this. (See Explanations, p. 570.) 



58G PAZ 


TLA 


PUE 


Ot'ta-wa, or ot'ta-wa. 


Peebles, pee'belz. 


Pleisse, pli'ceh. 


Otterbach, ot'ter-baK:\ 


PeMee'. 


Plock, plotsk. 


Ot'to-man Empire, syn. Turkey. 


Pegnitz, peg'nits. 


Po-co-hon'tas. 


Oude, o'od. 


Pegu or Pegou, pe-goo', or Bagoo. 


Podlachia, pod-la'ke-d. 


Oudenarde, ow v den-ar'deh (Fr. Au- 


Pei pus, pa'e-pooce, or Tchood'sko-e. 


Po-do'H-a. 


denarde, oMen-'aRd'). 


Pe v kin' or Peeking'. 


Poictiers". See Poitiers. 


Oural. See Ural. 


Pe-lew'. 


Poictou. See Poitou. 


Ouralsk or Uralsk, oo-rSlsk'. 


Pemigewasset, pem v i-je-wos'set. 


Point Coupee, -koo-pee'. 


Ourfa. See Oorfa. 


Penafiel, pane-ya-fe-el'*or -fe-ale'. 


Poitiers or Poictiers, poi-teerz' (Fr. 
pron. pwa v te-a', almost pwf- 


Ourmiah or Urmiah, oor-mee'a, 


Peiialva, pane-yal'va. 


syn. Ooroomeea. 


Penn-syl-va'ni-a,. 


te-i'). 


•Ourghendj. See Oorghenj. 


Pe-nob'scot. 


Poitou or Poictou, poi v too' (Fr. 


Ouse, ooz. 


Pen x sa-co'la. 


pron. pwaHoo' or pwPtoo'). 


Ouzbek. See Oozbek. 


Pe-o'rl-a. 


Poland (called, by the Poles, Pol- 


0'vid(N.Y.). 


Pereslavl, per-es-lav'l', syn. Riazan. 


ska, pole'ska). 


Oviedo, o-ve-a'DO. 


Perdido, per-dee'do. 


Polock, po-lotsk'; written, also, 


Owhyhee. See Hawaii. 


Perigord, perVgoR'. 


Polotzk. . 


Ox'us; called, also, the Amoo or 


Perigueux, perVguh'. 


Poltava, p6l-ta'va; also written 


Amu, a v moo', and Gihon, je-hon' 


Pernatnbuco, peR-nam-boo'ko. 


Pultowa. 


or Je-hoon'. 


Pernau, peR'now. 


Polynesia, polMn-ee'she-a. 


OyVpock' or Oyapoc. 


Perote, pa-ro'ta. 


Pom-e-ra'nt-a (Ger. Pom'mern). 


O-zark'. 


Perpignan, peR v peen r y3N G '. 


Pompeii, pom-pa'ye. 




Per-quim'aus. 

Persia, per v she-a, not per'zhe-a; 


Pondicherry, ponMe-sher're (Fr. 
Pondichery, poN GV de v sha v Re'). 




P. 


(called, by the natives, Iran, 


Ponta-Delgada, pon'ta del-ga'da. 


eeVan'). 


Pontch v ar-train'. 




Peru, pe-roo'. 


Pontefract, pom'fret. 


Pachuco, pa-choo'ko. 


Perugia, pa-rod'ja. 


PonHo-toc'. 


Pa-cif ic. 


Peshawer, Peichaouer, Peschauer, 


Pontremoli, pon-trem'o-le. 


Pad'u-a, (It. Padova, pa'do-va). 


pesh'our; written, also, Paisha- 


Popayan, po-pl-an' or po-pa-yan'. 


Paglia,*pal'ya. 


wur and Peishore. 


Po-per-ing'en (Fr. Poperingue, 


Paisley, paz'le. 


Pesth, pest (Hun. pron. pesht). 


pop v er-aN'g', — the g to be dis- 


Paishawur. See Peshawer. 


Petch-o'ra. or Petschora. 


tinctly sounded). 


Para-wan'. 


Pe'ters-biirg, Saint (Russ. Peters- 


Po-po-catVpetl'. 


Pal-em-bang'. 


burg, pa'ters-booRG). 


Port-au-Prince, port o prinss (Fr. 


Palencia, pa-len'she-a (Sp. pron. 


Peterwardein, pee v ter-war'dln 


pron. poRt o prixss). 


pa-len'the-a). 


(Ger. pron. pa-ter--fcar'dln). 


Port Mahon, ma-bo n'. 


Palenque, pa-lenk'a, or Culhuacan, 


Pet-ro-zav-odsk'. 


Por'to Bel'lo (Sp. Puerto Bello, 


kool-wa-kan'. 


Pezenas, p5z v na'. 


pw^R'to bel'yo). 


Pa-ler'mo (It. pron. pa-ler'mo). 


Phira-del'phi-a. 


Por'to Ca-bel'lo (Sp. Puerto Cabel- 


Pal'es-tine. 


Phil'ip-pine. 


lo, pweR'to kt-vel'yo). 


Palestrina, pa-les-tree'na. 


Piacenza, pe-a-chen'za. 
Piave, pe-a'va. 


Porto Praya, por'to pri'd. 


Pal-lam-cot'ta. 


Por'to Prin'ci-pe. See Puerto Prin- 


Palma, pal'm'a. 


Pic'ar-dy (Fr. La Picardie, la pe^- 


cipe. 


Palrnas or Las Palmas, las pal'mas. 


kaRMe'). 


Porto Rico, por'to ree'ko (Sp. Puer- 


Palo Alto, pa'lo al'to. 


Pichiucha, pe-chin'cha or pe-cheen'- 


to Rico, pweR'to ree'ko). 


Pal-my'ra. 


cha. 


Port'u-gal (Port. pron. poR-too- 


Pamplona, pam-plo'na, or Pampe- 


Pictou, pik-too'. 


g&0. ' 


luna, pam-pa-loo'na. 


Piedmont, peed'mont (It. Pie- 
monte, pe-a-mon'ta). 


Potenza, po-ten'za. 


Panama, pan-a-ma'. 


Po-to'mac. 


Pa'pal State (It. Stato Pontificio, 


Pieds Noirs, pe-a' nwaR, syn. Black- 


Potosi, po-to-see' or po-to'se. 


stii'to pon-te-fee'che-o). 


feet. 


Poughkeepsie, po-kip'se. 


Papua, pap'oo-a, or pa'poo-a, syn. 


Pierre, Saint, sent peer (Fr. pron. 


Poulton, pol't9n. 


New Guinea. 


s!n g pe-aiR'). 


Pow-hat-an'. 


Para, pa-ra'. 


Pignerol, peen v yer-rol'. See Pine- 


Po-yang'. 


Paraguay, pa-ra-gwa' or pa-ra-gwi'. 


rolo. 


Pozzuoli, pot-soo-ole. 


Parahyba or Paraiba, pa-ra-ee'ba. 


Pilcomayo, pil-ko-ml'o. 


Prague, praig (Ger. Prag, prae). 


ParVmar'i-bo. 


Pilica, pe-leet'sa or pe-lit'sa. 


Prairie du Chien,pi-A're dli she-ix G '. 


Parana, pa-ra-na'. 


Pillau, pil'low. 


Prenzlow, prents'lov. 


Parana-Iba or Paranahiba, pa-ra- 


Pinerolo, pe-na-rol'o (Fr. Pignerol, 


Pres'burg or Press'burg (Ger. pron. 


na ee'ba. 


peen-yer-ol'). 


press'booRG). 


Paris, par'ris (Fr. pron. pa v Re'). 


Pirmasens or Pirmasenz, peeR'- 


Prev'e-sa, or pra'va-sa. 


"Pascagoula, pas v ka-goo'la. 


ma-sents. 


Principato Citra, prin-che-pa'to 


Pasco or Cerro Pas'co. ser'ro pas'ko. 


Pisa, pee'za. 


chee'trd. 


Pas-de-Calais, pa deh ka^la'. 


Pistoja, pis-to'ya. 


Principato Ultra, prin-che-pa'to 


Paso del Norte, pa r so del noR'td, or 


Pitea, pit'e-o. 


ool'tra. 


El Paso del Norte. 


Pitt-syl-va'ni-a. 


Prip'ets (Polish, Prypec, prip'ets). 


Pas-sa'ic. 


Placentia. pla-sen'she-a. 


Privas, preVass'. 


Pas\sa-ma-quod'dy. 


Plaquemine, plak x meen'. 


Provence, pro v v3xss'. 


Passau, pas'sow. 


Plasencia, pla-sen'she-a. (Sp. pron. 


Prussia, proo'she-a or priish'e-a, 


Pat-a-go'nl-a. 


pla-sen'the-a). 


(Ger. Preussen, prois'sen). 


Pa-to'inac. " See Potomac. 


Plata, La, la pla'ta; called, also, 


Prtith (Ger. pron. proot). 


•Pa-tras' or Patrasso, pa-tr&s'so, 


the Argentine (ar'jen-tin) Re- 


Prypec or Prypetz. See Pripets. 


Pau, po. 


public (Sp. Republica Argentina, 


Przemysl, pzhem'is'l. 


Pavia, pa-vee'a. 


ra-poob'le-k& aR-Hen-tee'na). 


Pskof or Pskow, pskoff; written, 


Pax'os or Pax'o. 


Plata, Rio de la, ree'o del-a pla'ta. 


also, Pskov. 


Pays Bas, pa'e ba. 


Platte, platt. 


Puebla, pweb'13. See La Puebla. 


Pays de Vaud, pa'e deh to, syn. 


Platten See, plat'ten sa, or Lake 


Pueblo, pweb'lo, or El Pueblo de 


Vaud. 


Balatony, bd'16hHofi\ 


los Angeles, el pweb'lo da loce 


Paz, La, Id paz (Sp. pron. la path). 


Plauen, piow'en. 


ang'Hel-es. 


Fate, far, fall, fat; me, met; no. 


n6t; a, e, i, o, obscure; a, e, 1, 6, u 


, long ; a, e, i, o, ti, short ; oc as in 



REU 



LOU 



SAM 



Puente Nacional, pwen'td nd-se-o- 

naT. 
Puerto Bello. See Porto Bello. 
Puerto Principe, pw&R'to prin'se- 

pi or preen'the-pd, or PoVto 

Prin'ci-pe. 
Puerto Rico. See Porto Rico. 
Pulaski, pu-las'ke. 
Puncahs, punk'az, or Ponkas. 
Pny, Le, leh pwee. 
Puy de Dome, pwee deh dom. 
Pyrenees, pir'en-eez. 
Pyrmont, peeii'mont. 



Q. 



Qaherah, kdh'he-rd, syn. Cairo. 
Qene. See Keneh. 
Qoceyr, kos-sare', syn. Cosseir. 
Quang-tong', syn. Canton. 
Que-bec' (Fr. Quebec, ka v bek'). 
Qued'lin-burg (Ger. pron. kwed'- 

lin-booRG v ). 
Quen'tin, Saint, (Fr. pron. sax G 

kdiio^H^). 
Queretaro. ker-d'td-ro. 
Quiberon, ke v ber-ox G ' or ke^brox '. 
Quilitnane, ke-le-md'nd; written, 

also, Quilimancy. 
Quillota, kwl-yo'ta. 
Quiloa, kee'lo-d. 
Quimper. ka.VpaiR', or Quimper 

Corentin. -ko v rdx G Hax <j/ . 
QumVhaug'. 
Quito, kee'ito. 
Quor'ra. syn. Niger. 



Raab, rdb (Hun. Gyor, dyoR). 

Racine, ras-seen'. 

Ragusa, rd-goo'sd, or Raugia, ra'- 

oo-jd or row'jd. 
Rajpoot, rdj-poot'. 
Rajpootana, rdj-poo-td'nd, or Ra- 

jasthan, rd-ja-stdh'. 
Raleigh, rawle. 
Rambouillet, rdm^boo^yd' or raM'- 

booPya'. 
Ramillies, ram'e-leez (Fr. pron Rd v - 

meel\ve' or Ra'me v ye')- 
Ranai. rd-ni', syn. Lanai. See Mo- 

rotai. 
Rangoon, rang-goon'. 
Rap'pa-han'nock. 
Raritan or Rariton, rar'it-un. 
Rat'is-bon CGer. Regensburg, B&'- 

gbens-booRG , ). 
Rav-en'na or rd-ven'nd. 
Ravensburg, rd'vens-booRG\ 
Ravenstein, rd'ven-stlne\ 
Reading, red'ing. 
Regensburg. See Ratisbon. 
Reggio, red'jo. 
Reichenberg, ri'Ken-beRG\ 
Reims or Rheinis, reemz (Fr. pron. 

Raxz). 
Renaix. reh-nd' (Flem. Ron'se). 

[Surenne pronounces this name 

reh-naix'.] 
Rends'borg or Rendsburg. 
Rensselaer, ren'sel-er. 
Resaca de la Palma, rd-sd'kd, del-d 

pdl'md. 
Reus, rd'ooce. 

Reuss, ruce (Ger. pron. Roiss). 
Reutlingen, roitTing-en. 



Rev'el (Russ. Kolyvan, ko-le-vdn'). 

Rheatown, ray'town. 

Rbeims. See Ileims. 

Rheinthal, rln'tdl. 

Rhine, rin (Ger. Rhein, Dutch, 
Rhyn ; both pronounced as the 
English Rhine). 

Rhodes, r6dz. 

Rhodez or Rodez, ro'da'. 

Rhone, ron. 

Riazan, re-d-zdn'. 

Richelieu, ree v she-lu' or reeshMe- 
ch'. 

Rideau, reeMo'. 

Riesengebirge, ree'zen-ga-beeRG x eh. 

Rieti, re-d'te. 

Rl'ga or ree'ga. 

Rimini, ree'me-ne. 

Rio Bravo, ree'o brd'vo. See Rio 
del Norte. 

Rio Colorado, ree'o ko-lo-rah'do. 

Rio del Norte, rl'o del nort (Sp. 
pron. Ree'o del noR'ta): called, 
also, the Ri'o Grande (Sp. pron. 
Ree'o grdn'dd), and Rio Bravo, 
ree'o brd'vo. [The pronunciation 
of these names, which may be 
said in one sense to belong now 
to the United States, should be 
Anglicized, for the same reason 
that the pronunciation of "Wis- 
consin (Ouisconsin)and Texas is 
Anglicized. — viz.: because the 
great majority of those who have 
occasion to use them speak the 
English language.] 

Rio Frio, ree'o f ree'o. 

Rio Janeiro, ri'o ja-nee'ro (Port. Rio 
de Janeiro, Ree'o di zhan-d'e-ro) ; 
often called simply Ri'o. 

Riom, re x ox G '. 

Rive de Gier, reev deh zhe-d'. 

Rives, reevz. 

Rivoli, riv'o-le or Ree'vo-le. 

Ro , a-noke / . 

Rochefort, rotch'fort or Eosh v foR'. 

Rochelle or LaRochelle.ldRo v shell'. 

Rodez, ro r dd', syn. Rhodez. 

Roer, rooR. 

Roermonde, rooR-m6nd'eh (Fr. 
Ruremonde, RiiR^moxd'). 

Romagna, ro-mdn'yd. 

Romagnese. ro-mdn-yd'sd. 

Romania, ro-ma'ne-a or Ro-md- 
nee'd. 

Romans, ro x m3x G '. 

Rome (It. Roma, Ro'md). 

Ron^ce-val'les (Sp. Roncesvalles, 
Ron-thes-vdl'ySs ; Fr.,Roncevaux, 
Rixss'vo' or rox G, ceh-vo'). 

Roo-me'H-a or Rumelia. 

Room-Elee, Roum-Ili, or Rum-Tli, 
room'e-lee v , syn. Roomelia. 

Roos-tchook'; written, also, Rus- 
tschuk and Routchouk. 

Ro-set'ta (Arab. Er-Rash-eedO- 

Rossano, ros-sd'no. 

Rothenburg, ro'ten-burg or Ro'ten- 
booRG\ 

Rotherham, roth'er-um. 

Rothesay, roth'sd. 

Rot'ter-dam\ 

Roubaix, roo'bd'. 

Rouen, roo'en (Fr. pron. RwSx G ). 

Roumelia. See Roomelia. 

Roum-Ili. See Room-Elee. 

Roussillon, roo v seel'y6x G ' or Roo v - 
se^ydW. 

Routchouk, root^shook', syn. Roos- 
tchook. 



Roveredo, ro-rd-rd'do (Ger. Rove- 
reith, Ro'ver-it'). 

Rovigno, ro-veen'yo. 

Rovigo, ro-vee'go. 

Roxburgh (Scotland), rox'bur-reh. 

Row-an'. 

Rudolstadt. roo'dol-stdtt\ 

RUgen, rtt'gben 

Rumelia. See Roomelia. 

Rum-lli. See Room-Elee. 

Ruppin, roop-peen'. 

Ruremonde. See Roermonde. 

Russia, rush'e-a or roo'she-a. 

Rustchuk or Rusczuk. See Roos- 
tchook. 

Ryswick, nz'wik (Dutch pron. rice'- 
wik). 



s. 



Saale, sdleh. 

Saar, saR or sdu CFr. Sarre, BaRR). 

Saarbriick, sdR'briik, or Saar- 

briick'en. 
Saardam, sdR'ddm\ syn. Zaandam. 
Saarlouis, sdR-loo'is. 
Sabiue, sab-een'. 
Sachsen, sdk'sen. See Saxony. 
Sachsen-Altenburg. See Saxe-Al- 

tenburg. 
Sachsenhausen, sdk'sen-how v zen. 
Sacbsenheim, sdk'sen-hime\ 
SackVtoo' ; written, also, Sackatcu 

and Sakatu. 
Saco. saw'ko. 

Saz-hall-en or Sakhalieri. 
Sahara. sahTid-rd or sa-hd'ra; writ- 
ten, also, Zahara. 
Saida, si'dd, or Si'don. 
Saigon, sPgon', or Saigong.srgong'; 

called, also, Look^noo^ee'. 
Saint Denis. See Denis, Saint. 
SaintGermain. See Germain,Sair.t, 

and so far all the other names hav- 
ing the prefix of Saixt. 
Saintes. saxt. 
Saintonge, sax GX t6xzh'. 
Sakhalien. See Saghalien. 
Saladillo, sd-ld-Deel'yo. 
Salado. sd-ld'DO. 
Sal-a-manc'a. or sd-ld-mdng'kd. 
Sa-ler'no (It. pron. sd-leR'no). 
Salford, sawl'furd or saw'fuid. 
Saliua (in the U. S.), sa-li'na. 
Salina (in Spanish America), sd- 

lee'nd. 
Saline, sal-een'. 
Salisbury, sawlz'ber-e, or New Sa- 

rum. 
Salm, sdlm. 
Salona, sd-lo'nd. 
Salonica, sal-o-nee'ka, or Selaniki, 

sel-a-nee'ke. 
Salta,'sdl'td. 
Saltcoats, sawlfkots. 
Saltillo, sdl-teel'yo (vulgar pron. 

sdl-tee'yo). 
Saluzzo, sd-loot'so. 
Salvador, sdl-vd-doR'. 
Salvador, Saint (Brazil). /SeeBahia. 
Salvador, Saint (Central America;. 

See San Salvador. 
Sal v win' or SalVen'; called, also, 

Than-Lj^eng or Than-Lweng. 
Saltz'burg or Salzburg (Ger. pron. 

salts'boor.G). 
Salzwedel, sdlts v wd'del. 
Samoa, sd-mo'd. 



moon ; oo as in good ; 6vr as in now; 5 like z ; gh like g hard ; th as in this. (See Explanations, p. 570.) 



588 



SAR 



SCI 



SIIO 



Sam r ar-cand'. 

Samisat; «a-me-sat'. 

Samogitia, sain-o-jish'e-a. 

Sa'mos (called Soosam, soo-sam', 

by the Turks). 
Samothraki, sa'mo-thra v ke, or 

Sam x o-thrace'. 
Samsoon, Samsun, or Samsoun, 

sain-soon'. 
Sam Tiago, sown te-a'go, or San 

Thiago, san te-a'go; written, 

also, St. Jago. 
Sam v oy-ede', Sam^oy-ed'. 
Sanaa or Sana, sa v na'. 
Sau An-to'ni-o. 
San An-to'ni-o de Bexar, -da ba- 

har'. See Bexar. 
San Augustine, -aw^gus-teen'. 
San Bartolome, san bar-to-lo-ma'. 
San Bias, san blass. 
San Buenaventura, san bwa v na- 

ven-too'ra. 
San Diego, san de-a'go. 
San Felipe, san fa-lee'pa (familiarly 

called San Phil'ip). 
San Fernando, san feR-nan'do. 
San Fran-cis'co or san fran-sees'ko. 
San Joaquin, san Ho-a-keen'. 
San Ju'an (Sp. pron. san Hoo-an' 

or hw&n). 
San Juan de la Frontera, -da la 

fron-ta'ra. 
San Juan de Ulua or Uloa, san 

ju'an (or san hwan) da oo-loo'a. 

or oo-lo'a. 
San Jose del Parral, san ho-s\' del 

paR-RaF; also called, simply, 

Parral. 
San Lais (Texas), san loo'is. 
San Luis de Potosi, san loo'is (Sp. 

pron. loo-eece') da po-to-see'. 
San Marino, san ma-ree'no. 
San Patricio, -pat-ris'se-o. 
San or Sam Salvador (Brazil). See 

Bahia. 
San Salvador, san sal-va-doR'. 
San-do-mier' or Sandomir. 
San-dus'ky. 

Sangamon, sang'ga-mon. 
Santa Barbara, san'ta baR'ba-ra\ 
Santa Cruz, san'ta krooce (Sp. 

pron. san'ta kroot'h), or St. Croix, 

sent kroi. 
San'ta Fe (Sp. pron. san'ta fa). 
Santa' Fe de Bogota, -da bo-go-ta'. 
Santa Maria, san'ta ma-ree'a. 
Santa Marta, san'ta maR'ta. 
San'ta Mau'ra or sdn'ta mow'ra. 
Santa Rosalia, san'ta Ro-sa-lee'd. 
Santarem, san-t£-reN G ' (almost san- 

ta-reng'). 
San v tee'. 

San Thiago. See Sam Tiago. 
Santiago de Compos tela, san-te-a'- 

go da com-pos-ta'la, syn. Com- 

postela. 
Santiago de Cuba, san-te-a'go de 

ku'ba or -dk koo'ba. 
Santillana, sdu-teel-ya'na. 
Santorini, san-to-ree'ne, or Santo- 

rin, san-to-reen'. 
Santos, san'toce. 
Saone, son. 

Sap'tiu (River), syn. Lewis River. 
Saptin (Indians), syn. Nez-Perces. 
Sarabat, sa-ri-blt', syn. Hermus. 
Sar-a-gos'sa (Sp. Zaragoza, tha-ra- 

go'tha). * 
SarVto'ga. 
Saratof or Saratow, sar-a-tof . 



Sar-a-wan'. 

Sar-din'i-a (Tt. Sardegna, saR-den'- 

ya or sar-dain'ya). 
Saree or Sari, saYee'. 
Saros (Hungary), sh&'rosh; also 

written Sarosch. 
Saros (Greece), sa'ros. 
Sarre, saRR, syn. Saar. 
Sarthe. saRt. 
Sas-katch'a-wan\ 
Sassari, sas'sa-re. 
Satalieh, sa-ta-lee'a, syn. Adalia. 
Sauk (Indians). See Sacs. 
Sault de Sainte Marie (Fr. pron. so 

deh saNt maVe'),but now usuaUy 

called Soo St. Mary. 
Sa-van'nah. 
Save (Ger. Sau. sow; Hun. Szava. 

s|-voh). 
Savigliano, sa-veel-ya'no. 
Savignano, sa-veen-ya'no. 
Savigny, saVeen^ye'. 
Sav'oy or sav-oi' (It. Savoia, sl-vo'- 

yi; Fr. Savoie, siVwa'). 
Saxe Altenburg, sax al'ten-burg 

(Ger. Sachsen-Altenburg, sak'- 
sen al'ten-bpoRG N ). 
Saxe Co'burg (Ger. Sachsen Co- 
burg, sak'sen ko'booRG). 
Saxe Lauenburg, sax low'en-burg 

or low'en-bi56RG v . 
Saxe Mei'ningen, sax mi'ning-en. 
Saxe Weimar, sax wi'mar (Ger. 

Sachsen-Weimar, sak'sen wi'- 
mar). 
Sax'ony (Ger. Sachsen, sak'sen). 
Scan v der-oon' or Is-ken v der-oon', 

syn. Alexandretta. 
Scan-di-na'vi-a. 
Scania. See Skane. 
Scarborough, skar'b'ruh or skar'- 

bur-mh. 
Scar'pan-to. 

Scarperia, skaR-pa-ree'I. 
Schaffhausen, shaff-how'zen. 
Schat-el-Arab. See Shatt-el-Arab. 
Schaumburg Lippe, showm'booRG 

lip'peh, syn. Lippe Schauenburg 
Scheldt s'kelt (Dutch, Schelde 

sKel'deh; Fr. Escaut, es v ko'). 
Schelestadt, sheres'tad' (Ger. pron 

shel'es-tatt). 
Schemnitz, shem'nits (Hun. Sel 

mecz Banya, shel-m£ts b^n-yoh) 
Schenectady, sken-ek'ta-de. 
Schiedam. sKeeMam'. 
Schiraz, sheVaz', syn. Sheeraz. 
Schirvan orSchirwan. »S'ee Shirvan. 
Schleswig. See Sleswick. 
Schoa. See Shoa. 
Schoharie, sko-har're. 
Schonbrunn or Schoenbrunn, 

shen'broon or shbn'broonn. 
Schoodic, skoo'dik. 
Schooley's (skoo'leez) Moun'tain. 
Schouwen, skow'ven or sKow'wen. 
Schroon, skroon. 
Schumla. See Shoomla. 
Schuyler, ski'ler. 
Schuylkill, sko'ol'kil. 
Schwarzburg, shwarts'burg, or 

shwaRts'booRG. 
Schwarzwald, shwarts'walt. 
Schweidnitz, shwit'nits. 
Schweinfurt, shwin'fOoRt. 
Schweiin, shwa-reen'. 
Scigliano, sheel-ya'no. 
Scinde. See Sinde. 
Scio, shee'o or si'o. 
Scioto, si-o'to. 



Sclav-o'ni-a, syn. Slavonia. 

Scotland. " 

Scutari* skoo'ta-re (near Constan- 
tinople); called Is-koo-dar' by 
the Turks. 

Scutari (in Albania) ; called, by the 
Turks, Is-kan-der-ee'yeh. 

Seara, se-a'r&, syn. Ciara. 

Sebastian, Saint, sent se-bast'yun 
(Sp. San Sebastian, san se-bas 
te-an'). 

Sebastopol. See Sevastopol. 

Secchia, sek'ke-a. 

Seevas or Sivas, seeVaV. 

Seewah or Siwah, see'wa. 

Segorbe, sa-goR'ba. 

Se-go'vi-a (Sp. pron. sa-go've-a). 

Seine, san. 

Sem'in-oles. 

Sempach, sem'paK. 

Senegal, senVgawF. 

Sen-e-gam'bi-a, 

Sennaar, sen^nar'. 

Serajevo, sa-ra-ya'vo, syn. Bosna- 
Serai. 

Ser v am-pore' or Ser^am-poor 7 . 

Ser-ang', syn. Ceram. 

Serchio, seR'ke-o. 

Seringapatam, ser-ing^ga.-pa.-tam'. 

Seringham. ser-ing'gum. 

Servan, Saint, sax G seRH-aN«'. 

Ser'vl-a. 

Setledge or Setlej. See Sutledge. 

Settia, set-tee'a. 

Setubal, sa-too'bal, or Setuval, sa- 
too'val. or St. Ubes, -ubz. 

Sev v as-to'pol, less correctly, Sebas- 
topol (in Russian, CeBacTonoxk, 
si-vas-to'pol). [It should be ob- 
served that b in Russian corre- 
sponds to our v, being never, in 
any case, pronounced like the 
English b; therefore, Sebastopol 
is an incorrect spelling. "With re- 
gard to the pronunciation of this 
name, it may be stated that not 
only the inhabitants of the town 
itself, but educated Russians 
everywhere, invariably speak it 
with the accent as above given. 
In England, although Sebas'to- 
pol is a common pronunciation, 
Sevasto'pol is said to be gaining 
ground among the educated 
classes.] 

Sev'ern. 

Sevier, sev-eer 7 . 

Seville, sev'il or se-vilF (Sp. Se- 
villa, sa-veel'ya). 

Sevre, sev'r or saiv'r. 

Seychelles, saVshelF. 

Shahabad, shah^ha-bad'. 

Shang-Hai or Chang-ha'i, shang r - 
hl' (improperly written Shang- 
Hae). 

Shatt-el-Arab, Schat-uI-Arab, or 
Chat-el-Arab, shat el a'rilb. 

Shawangunk, shong'gum. 

She-boy'gan ; formerly written 
Cheboygan. 

Sheeraz or Shiraz, sheVaV or 
shee'raz. 

Shen\an-do'ah. 

Shfa-was'see. 

Shiraz. See Sheeraz. 

Shirvan, Schirwan, or Chirvan, 
shirVtn' or sheerVan'. 

Shoa', Schoa, or Xoa, sho'a; writ- 
ten, also, Shwa. 

Shoomla, Schumla, or Choumla, 



Fate, far, fill, fat, me, met; n6, n6t; a, e, i, o, obscure; a, e, I, o, u, long, 



u, short; 00 : 



SOP 


SWA 


TEM 589 


shoom'll ; sometimes written 


Sorata, so-rd'ta. 


Swansea, swon'se. 


Shoouma. 


Soudan. See Soodan. 


Swartwout, swart'wowt. 


Shoos' ter or Shu'ster ; written, also, 


Sourabaya. See Soorabaya. 


Swe'den (S\v. Swerige, swer'e-geh). 


Schuster and Chouster. 


Sourmoul. See Soormool. 


Swee'ra or Suira. See Mogadore. 


Shrewsbury, shroze'ber-e or 


Sousam or Soosam. See Samos. 


Switz'er-land (Ger. Schweitz, 


shruze'ber-e. 


Southampton, suth-hamp'tun. 


shwits;' Fr. La Suisse, Id Swiss 


Shropshire, or county of Salop. 


Soutcheou. See Sootcheoo. 


or sweece). 


Shumla. See Shoomla. 


Southwark (London), suth'erk. 


Syr'a-cuse (It. Siricusa, se-re-koo'- 


Shuster. See Shooster. 


Southwark (Philadelphia), sowth'- 


sd). 


Siam, si-am' or se v am'. 


wurk. 


Syr'I-a. 


Siara or Seara, se-d'rd, syn. Ciara. 


Spa, spaw (Fr. and Flem. pron. spa). 


Szegedin, seg'ed^en' or seg'edMn'. 


Sl-be'ri-a. 
Sicily, siss'il-e. 


Spain (Sp. Espana, es-pdn'yd). 
Spalatro, spd-ld'tro. 






Si-en'na (It. Siena, se-en'a). 


Spandau, spdn'dow. 


T. 


Sierra, se-er'ra. 


Spey, spa. 


Sierra Gorda, se-er'ra gor'da. 


Speyer, pronounced, and often 




Si-er'ra Le-o'ne. 


written, Spire. 


Tabareeyeh or Tabaria, tabVree'a. 


Sierra Madre, se-er'ra maD'ra. 


Spire. See Speyer. 


Tabasco, td-baVko. 


Sierra Morena, se-erYd mo-rd'nd. 


Spitz-berg'en. 


Tabreez or Tabriz, tab-reez'; some- 


Sierra Nevada, se-er'ra nd-vd'Dd. 


Spoleto. spo-la'to. 


times called Tau'ris. 


Sig-mar-ing'en. 


Spor'a-des. 


Tacazze. td-kdt'sa ; sometimes writ- 


Sikokf, seeMcokf, or Sikoke, see^- 


St. See Saint. 


ten Takatze and Takatz. 


kok', syn. Sitkokf. 


Stabroek, std'brook, syn. George- 


Taf-Met' or Taf-Melt'. 


Silesia, si-lee'she-a. (Ger. Schlesien, 


town. 


Tag v an-rog' or Tag-au-rok'. 


sbld'ze-en). 


Stargard, staR'gart. 


Tagliamento, tdl-yd-men'to. 


Sil-is'trl-a" 


Staubach, stow'bdK. 


Taglio Novissimo, taTyo no-vis'se- 


Simbirsk or Sim-beersk'. 


Staunton (Va.), stau'tun. 


mo. 


Simmentbal, sim'men-tdl\ 


Staunton (England), stdn'tun or 


Ta'gus (Sp.Tajo, td'HO; Port.Tejo, 


Sim-pber-o'pol or Simferopol. 


stan'tun. 


tA'zho). 


Sim'plon (Fr. pron. saM v pl6N '). 


Stavanger. stdv-dng'gher. 


Tahiti, td-hee'te; formerly written 


Sinde or Sciude, sind. * 


Steinach, stl'naK. 


Otaheite. 


Sindhia or Sindia, sin'de-a. 


Steinau, sti'now. 


Taiwan, tl-wan', syn. Formosa. 


Singapore, sing'ga-por', o'r Singa- 


Stettin, stet-teen'. 


Ta-Kiang, syn. Yang-tse-Kianor. 


poor ; formerly written Sincapore. 


Stettiner Hatf, stet-teen'er hdff. 


Talavera de la Eeyna, td-ld-va'rd 


Sinigaglia, sin-e-gdl'yd. 


Steuben, stu'ben or stu-ben'. [This 


da Id rd'e-nd. 


Sinoob, Sinoub, or Siuub, se^noob'. 


name appears now to be univer- 


Talcahuaua, tdl-kd-wd'nd. 


Sioot, Siout, or Siut, se^oot'; writ- 


sally accented on the last sylla- 


Taliaferro, tol'e-ver. 


ten, also, Es-Sioot. 


ble in Western New York, and 


Tal v la-has'see. 


Sioux, usually pronounced soo 


is often thus pronounced in other 


Tamaulipas, t;tm-ow-]ee'pds. 


(Fr. pron. se-oo'); called, also, 


parts of the United States; but 


Tambof. Tambov, or Tainbow, tdm- 


Dacotah, dah-ko'ta. 


the original German name, Ba- 


bof. 


Birjan, seer-jdn'. 


ron Steuben, should undoubtedly 


Tampico, tdm-pee'ko: called, also, 


Sis-to'va; called, also, Shtdb. 


have the accent on the penulti- 


Pueblo Nuevo, pweb'lo nvva'vo. 


Sitfkokf or Sikokf, see'kokf. 


mate.] 


Tanasserim. See Tenasserini. 


Sivas. See Seevas. 


Steubenville, stu'ben-vil. 


Tangier, tan-jeer'. 


Siwah. See Seewah. 


Steyer, stir. 


Tan-jore'. 


Skag'ger Rack. 


Steyning, std'ning. 


Taormina, td-OR-mee'nd. 


Skane. sko'na; often written Scho- 


Stigliano, steel-ya'no. 


Tapajos. See Topayos. 


nen (Dutch pron. sKo'nen; Ger. 


Stock'holm. 


Tap x pa-han'nock. 


sho'nen) and Scan'i-a. 


Stralsund; stral'soond. 


TapHe'e'. 


Skaueateles, skan-e-at'less, or 


Strasbourg, straz'burg (Fr. pron. 


Tarakai, tar-a-ki', or Sag-hall-en. 


Skeneateles. 


strdz-booR'; Ger. Strassburg, 


Taranto, tar'dn-to. 


Skib v ber-een'. 


strdss'booKG). 


Tarascon, tdV*is x k6NG'. 


Skye, ski. 


Stromboli. strom'bo-le. 


Tarazona, td-rd-tho'nd. 


Siav-o'ni-a. or Sclav-o'ni-a.. 


Stuhlweissenburg, stool-'wl'cen- 


Tarbes, taRb. 


Sles'wick" (Dan. Sles'vig; Ger. 


buo?.g x or -burg. 


Tarn, taRn. 


Schleswig, shles'wiG). 


Stutt'gart or Stutgard (Ger. pron. 


Tarragona, tdr-rd-go'nd. 


Smo-lensk' or Smo-lens'ko. 


stoSt'gart). 


Tar x soos'; written, also, Tarsous 


Smyrna, smir'na; called Iz-meer' 


Suabia or Swabia, swa'be-a. 


and Tarsus. 


by the Turks." 


Sudan, See Soodan. 


Taunton, tdVton. 


Snow 'den. 


Su v der-ma'ni-a, or su-der-md'ne-a ; 


Tau'11-da, syn. Krim. 


Sofiila, so-fd'ld. 


called, also, Su'der-mann-land\ 


Tauris. See Tabreez. 


Soissons, swds^sox 3 ' (almost swf- 


Suez, soo'ez (Arab. pron. soo-ez'or 


Tchad, chad. 


s6x G '). 


soo-aiz'); written, also, Souez 


Tchany, Tchani, chd'ne. 


Soleure, soMur' (Ger. Solothurn, 


and Soueys. 


Tchernigov, Tchernigof, or Czerni- 
gow, cheR-ne-gof. 


so'lo-toosn v ). 


Suir, shure. 


Solfatara, sol-fd-td'rd. 


Suira, swee'ra, syn. Mogadore. 


Tchernowitz, cher'no-vits, syn. 


Somme, somm. 


Sumatra, soo-md'trd. 


Czernowice. 


Sondershausen, son'derz-how'zen. 


Sum-baw'wa. 


Tchoodskoe. Tchoudskoe, or 


Soodan, Soudan, or Sudan,soo v ddn'. 


Sunbury, sun'ber-e. 


Tschudskoe, chood'sko-e, syn. 


Sooloo'. 


Sun'der-land. 


Pe'ipus. 


Sooltaneeyeh or Sultanieh, sool- 


Surat, soo-rat'. 


Teche, tesh. 


ta-nee'a. 


Surinam, soo-rin-am'. 


Teflis. See Tiflis. 


Soorabaya or Surabaya, soo-ra-bi'a. 


Surmul. See Soormool. 


Tehran or Teheran, teh-h'rdn'; 


Soormool, Sourmoul, or Surmul, 


Susam, soo'sdm', syn. Samos. 


written, also, Tehraun. 


soor v mool'. 


Sus-que-han'na. 


Tehuacan, td-wd-kdn'. 


Sootcheoo or Soutcheou.soo-che-oo'. 


Sutledge, sut'lej; written, also, 


Tehuantepec. td-wdn-td-pek'. 


Sophia, so-fee'a, or Triaditza, tre-a- 


Setledge and Sutlej. 


Tejuco, td-zhoo'ko. 


dit'sa. 


Su-wa'nee. 


Temes, tem v esh'; written, also, 


Sopron'y. sho v pron', syw.CEdenburg. 


Swa'bi-a, syn. Suabia. 


Temesch. 


moon ; 06 as in good ; ow as in nc 


10 ; s like z; gh like g hard ; th as ii 


l this. (See Explanations, p. 570.) 







590 TLA 


TRU 


- - • i 

UZE 


Temesvar, tem-esh-v&R'; written, 


Tlascala, tlas-ka'la. 


Truxillo or Trujillo, trco-neel'yo. 


also, Temeschwar. 


Tlemsan, tlem x san'. 


Tii'bing-en. 


Ten-as'ser-im. 


Tobago, to-ba'go. 


Tucuman, too-koo-man'. 


Teneriffe, ten v er-iff ' (Sp. Tenerife, 


To-bol'. 


Tudela, too-na'la. 


ta-na-ree'fa). 


To-bolsk'. 


Tula, too'la, syn. Toola. 


Ten v nes-see'. 


Tokantins, to-kan-teens'. 


Tule, too'le, or too'la. 


'f epic, tep-ik' or ta-peek'. 


Tocat, to-kat'. 


Tunguragua, toong-goo-ra'gwa. 


Tepozeolula, ta-pos-ko-loo'la. 


Toeuningen. See Tonningen. 


Tu'uis; called, by the natives, 


Termini, teR'me-ne. 


Toeplitz. See Toplitz. 


Too'nis. 


Ter'ra del Fu-e'go or Tierra del 


To-kay' (Hun. pron. to-koi'). 


Turcoing, tuVkwaN '. 


Fuego, te-er'ra d£l fwa'go. 


To-le'do (Sp. pron. to-la'Do). 


Tur-co-ma'ni'a. 


Terra di Lavoro, ter'ra' de la-vo'ro. 


Tolentino, to-len-tee'no. 


Turcomans. See Toorkomans. 


Terra di Otranto, ter'ra de o-trau'to. 


To-lo'sa. 


Tu'rin (Fr. pron. tuVaN G '; It. To- 


Terracina, ter-ra-chee'na. 


Toluca, to-loo'ka. 


rino, to-ree'no). 


Terre-Bonne, terr v bonn' ; often 


Tom-big'bee or Tpm-beck'be. 


Turkey, tur'ke, or Ot'to-man Em- 


pronounced tar bon. 


Tombuctoo. See Timbuctoo. 


pire. 


Terre-IIaute, ter'reh hot (Fr. pron. 


Ton-e-wan'da or Tonewanta. 


Turkistan. See Toorkistan. 


terr v hot' or teYreh hot). 


Tongataboo or Tongatabu, tongV 


Turnhout, turn'howt. 


Teschen, tesh'en. 


t&'bop. 


Tus-ca-loo'sa. 


Tessin, t§s x saNO'. See Ticino. 


Tonkin or Tonquin, ton-keen'. 


Tus'ca-ny (it. Toscana, tos-ka'na). 


Tetuan or Tetouan, tetWan'. 


Ton'ning-en. 


Tuscarawas, tus-ka-raw'wess. 


Tevere, ta'va-ra, syn. Tiber. 


Tonquin. ' See Tonkin. 


Tuxtla, tooxt'la. 


Teverone, ta-va-ro'na. 


Too'la; written, also, Toula and 


Tuy, twee. 


Teviot, tiv'e-ot. 


Tula. 


Tver or Twer, tv§R or tvaiR. 


Tex'as. 


Toorkistan or Turkistan, tooR v kis- 


Tynemouth, tin'muth. 


Tezcuco, tes-koo'ko. 


tan'. 


Tyre, tir; called, by the Jews, 


Thames, temz. 


Toorkomans o'r Turkomans, toor'- 


Tsoor, and, by the Arabs, Soor. 


Theaki or Thiaki, the-a'ke, syn. 


ko-ma.nz\ 


Tyree or Tyry. See Tiree. 


Ithaca. 


Topayos, to-pi'yoce; written, also, 


Tyrnau, teeR'now (Hun. Nagy 


Thebes, theebz; called Thebai, 


Tapajos, ta-p&'zhoce or ti-pa'hoce. 


Szombath, nod-yeh (or nodj) 


the'va, by the modern Greeks. 


T6plitz,Teplitz. or Toeplitz, tep'lits. 


som-bot). 


Theiss, tlce (Hun. Tisza, tee-soh). 


Tor-bay'. 


Tyr'ol (Ger. proa, te-rol'). 


Thes-sa-lo-ni'ca. See Salonica. 


Torgau, toR'gow. 


Tyr-one'. 


Thes'sa-ly or Thes-sa'li-a. 
Thibad'eauville, tib-a-do'vill. 


Tornea; pronounced, and some- 
times written, Tor'ne-o. 






Thibet or Tibet, tib'et or tib-et'; 


To-ron'to. 




written, also, Tibbet. 


Tortuga, tor-too'ga. 


u. 


Thielt, teelt. 


Toula. See Toola.' 


Thiers, te-aiit/. 


Toulon, tooMoN* 5 '. 




Thionville, teV>N s Vill' or -veel. 


Toulouse or Thoulouse, tooHooz'. 


Ubes, Saint. See Setubal. 


Tholen or Tolen, to'len. 


Touraine, tooVan'. 


Ucayale, oo-ki-a'la, or Ucayali, 


Thomar, to-maR'. 


Tour nay, tooR v na' (Flem. Doornik, 


oo-kl-a'le. 


Thomaston, tom'us-tun. 


dor'nik). 


Udine, oo'de-na. 


Thorn (Prussia), toRn. 


Tours, tooR. 


Udvarhely, oodVdR^hel'. 


Thoulouse. See Toulouse. 


Towcester, tows'ter. 


Uist, wist. 


Three Riv'ers or Trois Rivieres, 


Traf-al-gar'. 


Ukraine, u'krane or oo-krane' (Po- 


trwa re v ve-aiR'. 


Tran-que-bar'. 


lish, Ukraina, oo-kra-ee'na). 


Thun, toon. 


Transtevere, trans-ta'vi-ra. 


Uledborg, oo'le-o-borg v . 


Thuner-See, toon'er sa. 


Tran-syl-va'ni : a (Hun. Erdely Or- 


Ulm (Ger. pron. 661m). 


Thurgau, tooR'gow (Fr. Thurgovie, 


szaag, §R-dail *oR-s£g). 


Umea, oo'me-o. 


tuVgoVe'). 


Tras os Montes, tras 6s mon'tes. 


Um'mer-a-poo'ra; written, also. 


Thuringia, thu-rin'je-a, (Ger. Thti- 


Trav v an-core'. - 


Amarapoura." 


ringen, tii'ring-en). " 


Treb'i-zond v ; called Ta-ra v be-soon' 


Unalaschka. See Oonalaska. 


Tl'ber (It. Tevere,' ta'va-ra). 


by the Turks. ' 


Underwalden. See Unterwalden. 


Tibet or Tibbet, See Thibet. 


Tremiti, trem'e-te. 


Un'strut or oon'stroot. 


Ticino, te-chee'no (Fr. Tessin, t£s v - 


Trent (Ger. Trient, tre-enf). 


Unterwalden, 6on v ter-wal'den, or 


saN G '). 


Treves, treevz (Fr. Treves, traiv ; 


Un v der-wal'den. 


Tiflis, tif-leece'; written, also, 


Ger. Trier, treer). 


Up'sal or Upsala, up-sala. 


Teflis. 


Treviglio, tra-veel'yo or tr§v-eel'- 


U'ral or Oural. oo-rll'. 


Tigre, tee'gra\ 


yo- 


Uralsk, oo-ralsk'. 


Ti'gris. 


Treviso, trev-ee'zo or tra-vee'so. 


Urbino, oor-bee'no. 


Tim-buc'too or Tom-booc'to; writ- 


Triadiiza. tre-3-dit'si. 


Urfa. See Oorfa. 


ten, also, Tombuktu and Ten 


Tricala, tree'kd-ld; written, also, 


Uri, u're (Ger. pron. oo're). 


Boctoo. 


Tirhala. 


Urmiah. See Ooroomeea, 


Timpanogos, tim-pa-no'goce (Lake); 


Trichinopoli or Trichinopoly, 


Uruguay, u'roo-gwa v or oo-roo-gwi'. 


called now the Great Salt Lake. 


tritch v in-op'o-le. 


Urumiya. See Ooroomea. 


Tl-o'ga. 


T ri est or Trieste, tre-est' or tre-Ss'ta. 


Usbekistan or Oozbekistan, syn. 


Tippecanoe, tipVka-noo'. 


Trincomalee, tring v ko-ma-lee'. 


Eo'chara. 


Tipperary, tip-per-a're. 


Trin-i-dad'. 


Ustiug. See Oostioog. 


Tir-ee' ; also written Tirree, Tiry, 


Tripoli, trip'o-le; called, by the 


U'ta-was, syn. Ottawa. 


and Tyree. 


natives, Ta-ra'bloos. 


U'ti'-ca. 


Tirlemont, teeKpmoNo' (Flem. Thie- 


Tripnlitza or Tripolizza, tre-po- 


Utah or Youta, u'ta or u'taw ; often 


nen or Tienen, tee'nen). 


lit'sa. 


written Eutaw. 


Trshamingo, tish v a-ming'go. 


Trois Rivieres, trwa re v ve-aiR', syn. 


Utrecht, u'trekt (Dutch pron. 


Titicaca, tit-e-ka'kL 


Three Rivers. 


u'treKt). 


Titterie, tit'ter-ee\ 


Trond or Tron. Saint, saN« tr6N°. 


Utrera, oo-tra'ra. 


Tivoli, tiv'o-le or tee'vo-le. 


Trosachs, tro'saks. 


Uttoxeter, ux'e-ter. 


Tlalpan, tlal-pan'. 


Trondjem. See Drontheim. 


Uzbeck. See Oozbek. 


Tlamet or Tlamath, tl&m'et ; called, 


Troyes. trwa. 


Uzbeckistan. See Bokhara. 


also, Klam'et. 


Trujillo. See Truxillo. 


Uzes, u r zace'. 


Fate, far, tail, fat; me, met; no, ] 


i6t; a, e, i, o, obscure; a, e, I, o, u, 


long ; a, e, I, 6, u, short; oo as in 



YIL 

Y. 

Yaigatz, vi-gdts'. 

Valais, vd v ld' (Ger. WaKis, wdl'lis). 

Val-de-Pefias, val da pdn'yas. 

Valdivia, vdl-dee've-d. 

Valence, vd v 16.\ss'. 

Valencia, va-len'she-a (Sp. pron. 

vd-leu'the-d). 
Valenciennes, vd v ldN T ° x se-enn'. 
Yalentia, vd-len'she-d. 
YaHa-do-lid' (Sp. pron. vdl-yd-Do- 

leei)'). 
Valonibrosa, vdl-om-bro'sa. 
Yalona, vd-lo'nd, syn. Avlona. 
Valparaiso, vdl-pd-ri'so. 
Yaltellina, vdl-tel-lee'na, or Yal- 

telline, vdl-tel-leen'. 
Vancouver, van-koo'ver. 
Van-da'li-a. 

Van Diem'en's, van dee'menz. 
Vannes, vdnn, 
Varinas, vd-ree'nds, or Barinas, 

bd-ree'nds. 
Varna or Warna, vaR'nd. 
Vasaihely, va\-;baR v hel'. 
Vaucluse, vo'kliize'. 
Vaud, vo. or Pays-de-Vaud, pd'e 

deh vo' (Ger. Waadt, wdt). 
Ye:;lia, vel'yd or vdl'yd. 
Velez-Malaga, vd'leth md'ld-gd. 
Velino, va-lee'no. 
Velletri, vel-ld'tre. 
Yeuaissin, Yeh-nds^saxs'. 
A'enango, ve-nang'go. 
Vendee, La, Id v6x G Md'. 
Yendome, voN G \lom'. 
Venezuela, ven-ez-weela (Sp. pron. 

ven-eth-wa'la). 
Venice, ven'iss (It. Yenezia, ven- 

ed'ze-d). 
Venloo, ven-16'. 
Ventimiglia, ven-te-meel'yd (Fr. 

Ventimille, YON GV te v meel'). 
Vera Cruz, va'ra krooce. 
Vercelli, veR-chel'le. 
Verde, verd. 
Verdun, veR^dux '. 
Vermelho, veR-mel'yo. 
A'ermejo, veR-md'Ho. 
Yer-mont'. 
Verona, vd-ro'nd. 
Versailles, ver-sdlz' (Fr. pron. veR v - 

sal' or veR-sa'ye). 
Verviers, veR x ve-d. 
Vesoul, veh-zool'. 
Ye-su'vi-us (It. Vesuvio, rd-soo'- 

ve-o). 
Ye-vay'. 
Viaua, ve-a'na. 
Viatka, ve-dt'kd. 
Viborg, vee'borg; also written Wi- 

borg. 
"\ icenza, ve-sen'za or ve-chen'za. 
Vich, vik or veek; written, also, 

Vique. 
Vi;lin. See Widin. 
Vienna, ve-en'na (Ger. "Wien, ween, 

almost veen). 
Vienna (in the U. S.), vi-en'na. 
Vienne, ve-eun'. 
Yigevano, ve-jev'a-no. 
Villa (in Sp., veel'yd, or, in Port., 

vii'ld or veel'.la). 
VH'la. Bo'a. 
Villa'ch, v'il'ldK\ 

Villa del Fuerte, veel'yd del fweR'td. 
Villafranea. See Villefranche. 
Villa Real, veel'yd rd-dl'. 



WES 

Villa Rica (Sp. America), veel'yd 
ree'ka. 

Villa Rica (Brazil), vil'ld or veel'ld 
ree'kd. 

Villefranche. veerfr6xsh'(It. Villa- 
franea, vil-la-fran'ka). 

Vincennes, viu-senz' (Fr. pron. 
T&N° x senn / ). 

Yiu'ceut, St. 

Vique. See Vich. 

Virginia, ver v jin'e-a. 

Visiapour. See Bejapoor. 

Vis'tu-la (Ger. Weichsel, Mk'sel). 

Vitebsk, ve-tebsk', or Vitepsk, 'syn. 
"Witebsk. 

Viterbo, ve-teR'bo. 

Vitoria or Vittoria, ve-to're-d. 

Yiviers, veVe-d'. 

Vizagapatam, ve-za^ga-pa-tam'. 

Ylad-i-meer' ; written, also, Vlad- 
imir or Wladimir. 

Yol'ga or Wolga. 

Vol-hyn'i-a (Polish, Wolynsk, vo- 
leensk')." 

Yoiarlberg, for-aRl'beRG. 

Vo-ro-nezh'; written, also, Yoro- 
nej (or Voroneje), Voronetz, Wo- 
ronetz, and Woronesch. 

Vosges, vozh. 



XER 



591 



W. 



"Waadt. See Vaud. 
Waal or Wahal, ftgL 
Wabash, waw'bash. 
"Walahmutte, wa-lah'mut, syn. 

Willamette. 
"Walcheren, wdl'Ker-en. 
"Waldeck, wol'dekor wdl'dek. 
Wal-den'ses. 
Waldstadter See, wdlt'stet-ter zd. 

See Lucerne, Lake of. 
Wales, wailz. 
Wallachia, wol-ld'ke-a (Turk. If- 

ldk'). 
Wallis. See Valais. 
Waltham (England), wol'tum. 
Waltham (Mass.), wdl'thum. 
Wandsworth, wonz'wurth. 
Wardein. wdR'dine\ or Waradein, 

wd'rd-dine\ 
Warasdin, wd'ras-deen\ 
Warna. See Varna. 
War'saw (Polish. Warszawa, vaR- 

shd'vd or wdR-shd'vd). 
Warwick (England), wor'rik. 
Warwick (U.S.).wor'wik or wor'rik. 
Washington, wosh'ing-tun. 
Washita or Ouachita, wosh'e-taw\ 
Wd-ter-loo' (Dutch pron.wd v ter-lo'). 
Watervliet, wd-ter-vleet'. 
Weichsel. See Vistula. 
Weichselburg, wlk'sel-booROp or 

wik'sel-burg. 
Weimar, wi'mar. 
Weinheim, win'Mme. 
Weissenburg, wi'sen'booRG v or 

-burg. 
Wen'er or Wenner. 
Wernigerode, weiOne-ga-ro'deh. 
Wertheim. weRt'hime. 
Wesel. wd'zel. 
We'ser (Ger. pron. wd'zer). 
West Indies, -in'deez. 
Westmeath, west'meeth'. 
West'more-land ("Westmoreland, 

in Pa., usually has the accent 

on the penultimate). 



West-phu/li-a (Ger. Westphalen, 
west-fd'len). 

Wexio, wek'she-o. 

Wiborg. See Viborg. 

Wid'in or Vidin. 

Wied or Wied-Neu-"Wied, weet noi 
weet, syn. Xeu-W'ied. 

Wieliczka, we-litch'ka or vyol-itch'- 
kd. 

Wien, <veen, syn. Vienna. 

Wiesbaden, wees-bd'den, syn. Wis- 
baden. 

Wildenstein, wil'den-stine. 

Wilkesbarre, \\ilks'bdr-re. 

Willamette, wil-lah'met; written, 
also, "Walahmutte. 

Wil'na or Vilna. 

Windau, wiu'dow. 

Win-ne-ba'go. 

Win'ni-peg. 

Winnipiseogee; pronounced win v - 
ne-pis-sok'ke. 

Wirtemberg. See Wiirtemberg. 

Wisbaden, wis-bd'den, or Wiesba- 
den, wees-bd'den. 

Wis-con'sin or "Wiskonsin; for- 
merly written Ouisconsin. 

Wismar, wis'mar. 

"Wissembourg, vis^aM^booR'. 

"Wit-epsk' or Vit-ebsk'. 

"Witgenstein, wit'ghen-stine\ 

Wit'ten-berg (Ger. 'pron. wit'tgu- 
beRG v ). v " 

Wiveliscombe, wils'kum. 

Wolfenbiittel, wol'fen-butMel, al- 
most wol'fen-bit'tel. 

Wolga. See Volga. 

Wolverhampton, wool-yer-hamp- 
tun. 

Woolwich, wool'itch or wool'idge. 

Worcester, wOQs'ter. 

Wotton-under-Edge, woo'ten- 
und'ridge. 

Worms, wurmz (Ger. pron. woRms). 

Wiirtemberg, wir'tem-berg (Ger. 
pron. wuR'tem-beRG , ;; written, 
also, Wirtemberg. 

"Wiirtzburg, wirts'burg (Ger. pron. 
wuRts'bCdW^). 

Wve (Wales), wi. 

Wye (Netherlands). See Y. 

Wy-o'ming. [The correctness of 
our pronunciation of this name 
is often called in question, be- 
cause the poet Campbell pro- 
nounces it Wy'o-miug. To this 
it is only necessary to reply that 
we aim to give the pronunciation 
of names, not as foreigners call 
them, but as they are called by 
the inhabitants of the respective 
countries to which they belong. 
See Lippincott's Pronouncing 
Gazetteer of the World, section 
III., page 15.] 

Wythe, with (th as in thin). 



X. 



Xagua, Hd'gwd. 

Xalapa or Jalapa, Ha-la'pd. 

Xalisco or Jalisco, nd-lees'ko oi 

Ha-lis'ko. 
Xauxa or Jauja, How'ad. 
Xenia, zee'ne-a. 
Xenil, Hd-neel', syn. Genii. 
Xeres (Sp. pron. id-res'; Port. pron. 

sha-res' or sher-es'). 



moon; do as in good ; Sw as in now ; ulike2; gh like g hard ; thasini/as. (See Explanations, p. 570.) 



592 



YAZ 



ZAH 



ZYT 



Xeres (or Jeres) de la Frontera, 

Ha-res' da la fron-ta'ra. 
Xicoco, ze-ko'ko, syn. Sikokf. 
Ximo, zee'mo. 

Xingu or Chingu, shin-goo'. 
Xixon or Gijon, He-Hon'. 
Xixona, He-Ho'na, syn. Jijona. 
Xoa, sho'a, syn. Shoa. 
Xochimilco or Jochimilco, HO-che- 

meel'ko. 
Xorullo, no-rool'yo, syn. Jorullo. 



Y 



Y, T, sometimes improperly pro- 
nounced and written, in Eng- 
lish, Wye. 

Yad'kin. 

Yaik or Ja'ik, ya'ik. 

Yakootsk, ya-kootsk' ; written, 
also, Yakoutsk, Yakutsk, and 
Jakutsk. 

Yal-a-bu'sha. 

Yang-tcheob or -tcheou, yang N 
che-oo'. 

Yang-tse-kiang, yang tse ke-ang' ; 
called, aIso,Ta-Kiang, ta ke-ang', 
and Kiang-Ku, ke-ang'kew. 

Yanina or Janina, ya'ne-na. 

Yar v kund': also written Yarkand. 

Yaroslav or Jaroslaw, ya-ro-slaV; 
written, also, Yaroslaf, Yaro- 
slavl, and Jaroslavl. 

Ya-zoo'. 



Yeddo or Jeddo, yed'do. 

Yekatarinoslav, ya-ka-ta-ree-no- 
slaV, or Yekatarinoslaf, syn. 
Ekatarinoslaf. 

Yelatma, ya-lat'ma. syn. Elatma. 

Yelizavetgrad, ya-le-s&-vet-grad', 
syn. Elizabetgrad. 

Yem'en. 

Yenikale or Jenicale, yenVka'la. 

Yenisei, yen-e-sa'e or yen-e-say', or 
Enisei, en-e-sa'e. 

Yerba Buena, yer'ba bwa'na. 

Yesso or Jesso, yes'so; also writ- 
ten Ieso. 

Yezd, yezd. 

Yonne, yonn. 

Youghal, yawl. 

Youghiogheny, yoh x ho-ga'ne. 

Youta, u'ta, syn. Utah. 

Ypres, ee'p'r (Flem. Ypern, I'pern). 

Yssel, l'sel. 

Yu-ca-tan' or yoo v ka-tan'. 

Yupura, yoo-poo'ra, syn. Japura. 

Yverdun, e v veR v duN G '. 

Yvetot, eevHo'. 



z. 



Zaandam, z£n v dam'; written, also, 

Saardam. 
Zacatecas, zak-a-ta'kas or sa-k&-ta'- 

kas. 
Zacynthus.zas-syn'thus,s?/ra.Zante. 
Zahara. See Sahara. 



Zaire or Zahir, za-eer', syn. Congo. 
Zam-o'ra or tha-mo'ra. 
Zanesville, zainz'vil. 
Zanguibar, zang v ghe-bar / . 
Zan'te or Zacynthus. 
Zan^zi-bar'. 
Zara, za'ra. 

Zaragoza. See Saragossa. 
Zealand, zee'land (Dan. Sjaeland, 

sel'land). 
Zealand, (Dutch, Zeeland, za'land). 
Zebu or Cebu, se-boo' (Sp. pron. 

tha-boo'). 
Zegedin. See Szegedin. 
Zeila, za'la. 
Zeitoun, zaHoon'. 
Zeitz, tsits. 

Zelle, tsel'leh, syn. Celle. 
Zerbst, tseRpst. 
Zhit-o-meer' ; written, also, Jito- 

mir and Schitomir. 
Zirknitz, tseeak'nits. syn. Cziik- 

nicz. 
Zittau, tsit'tow. 
Zoll-Verein. tsoll'fer-ine\ 
Zug, zoog or tsooG. 
Zlillichau, tsitl'le-kow\ 
Zulpich, tsool'piK. 
Zurich, zu'rik (Ger. pron. tsii'riK). 
Zuyder or Zuider Zee, zl'der zee 

(Dutch pron. zoi'der zA). 
Zvor'nik (Turk. Iz v vor v neek'). 
Zweibriicken or Zweybrucken, 

tswi-briik'ken, syn. Deux-Pouts. 
Zwickau, tswik'kow. 
Zytomir. See Zhitomeer. 



Fate, far, fall, fat; 
moon : 60 as in a< 



me, met; n6, n6t; a, e, i, o, obscure; a, e, I. o, ii, long; a, e. I, 6. ti, short ; oo as i. 
)d; ow as in now; s like z; gh like g hard; th as in this. (See Explanations, p. 570.) 



THE END. 



PROVERBS AM) PHRASES 


FROM THE LATIN, 


FREQUENTLY OCCURRING IN ENGLISH BOOKS AND IN CONVERSATION, 


RENDERED INTO ENGLISH. 


Ab extra, From without. 


A fortiori, With stronger rea- 


Arcanum ; pi. Arcana, A secret 


Ab hoc et ab hac, From this and 


son. 


or secrets. 


that; confusedly. 


Agenda, Things to be done. 


Ardentia verba, Expressions of 


Ab inconvenienti, From the in- 


Alere fiammam, To feed the 


great force. 


convenience. 


flame. 


Argumentum ad crnmenam,"An 


Ab initio, From the beginning. 


Alias, Otherwise. 


argument to the purse ; an ap- 


Ab origine, From the origin. 


Alibi, Elsewhere. 


peal to interest. 


• Ab ovo usque ad mala, From the 


Aliquando bonus dormitat Home- 


Argumentum ad hominem, An 


egg to the apples ; from begin- 


rus, Even the good Homer 


argument deriving its force 


ning to end. 


sometimes nods. 


from the situation of the per- 


Absit invidia, All envy apart. 


Alitur vitium, vivitque tegendo, 
Vice thrives and lives by con- 


son to whom it is addressed. 


Abundat dulcibus vitiis, He 


Argumentum ad ignorantiam, 


abounds with pleasant faults. 


cealment. 


Argument founded on an ad- 


Ab uno disce omnes, From a sin- 


Alma mater, A benign mother, 


versary's ignorance of facts. 


gle instance you may infer the 


generally applied to the Uni- 


Argumentum ad judicium, Argu- 


whole. 


versity. 


ment to the judgment. 


Ab urbe condita, From the found- 


Alter ego, Another self. 


Argumentum baculinum, Club 


ing of the city. 


Alter idem, Another same. 


law; conviction by force. 


A capite adcalcem, From head to 


Alumni, Those who have re- 


Ars est celare artem, The art is 


foot. 


ceived their education at a col- 


to conceal art. 


Ac etiam, And also. 


lege. 


Artes honorabit, He will honor 


Acribus initiis, incurioso fine, 


A maximis ad minimis, From the 


the arts. 


Alert in the beginning, negli- 


greatest to the least. 


At spes non fracta, But hope is 


gent in the end. 


A mensa et toro, From bed and 


not broken. 


Actum est de republica, It is all 


board. 


Audaces fortuna juvat, Fortune 


^ over with the commonwealth. 


Amicus curiae, A friend of the 


favors the brave. 


Ad arbitrium, At pleasure. 

Ad. captandum, To attract or 


court. 


Audi alteram partem, Hear the 


Amicus humani generis, A friend 


other side. 


please. 
Ad captandum vulgus, To catch 


of the human race. 


Aura popularis, The gale of popu- 
lar favor. 


Amor patriae, Love of country. 


the rabble. 


Anglice, In English, or according 


Auri sacri fames, The accursed 


Ad Calendas Graecas, At the 


to the English manner. 


thirst for gold. 


Greek Calends, i. e., never, as 


Anguis in herba, A snake in the 


Aut amat, aut odit mnlier, A 


the Greeks had no Calends. 


grass. 


woman either loves or hates. 


A deo et rege, From God and the 


Animo et fide, By courage and 


Aut Caesar aut nullus, Caesar or 


king. 


faith. 


nothing. 


Ad eundem (sc. gradum), To the 


Animus furandi, With felonious 


Aut vincere aut mori, Victory or 


same in degree. 


intent. 


death. 


Ad finem, To the end. 


Anno domini (A. D.), In the year 


Auxilium ab alto, Help is from 


Ad hominem, To the interests or 


of our Lord. 


on high. 


passions of the man. 


Anno mundi (A. M.), In the year 


A vinculo matrimonii, From the 


Adhuc sub judice lis est, The af- 


of the world. 


tie of marriage. 


fair is not yet decided. 


Anno urbis conditse, In the year 




Ad infinitum, To infinity. 


the city (Eome) was built. 


Bella 1 horrida bella ! Wars ! hor- 


Ad inquirendum, For inquiry ; (a 


Annus mirabilis, The wonderful 


rid wars ! 


judicial writ.) 


year. 


Bellum internecinum, A war of 


Ad interim, In the mean while. 


Ante bellum, Before the war. 


extermination. 


Ad libitum, At pleasure. 


Ante lucem, Before the light. 


Bellum lethale, A deadly war. 


Ad nauseam, To disgust. 


Ante meridiem, Before noon. 


Benigno numine, By the favor of 


Ad referendum, To be further 


A posteriori, From the effect to 


Providence. 


considered. 


the cause. 


Bis dat qui cito dat, lie who 


Ad valorem, According to the 


A priori, From the cause to the 


gives promptly gives twice as 


value. 


effect. 


much. 


^grescit medendo, The remedy 


Aptat se pugnae, He prepares for 


Bis peccare in bello non licet, To 


is worse than the disease. 


the contest. 


blunder twice is not allowed in 


^Equam servare mentem, To pre- 


Aqua vita?, Brandy ; spirit ; alco- 


war. 


serve an equal mind. 


hol. 


Bona fide, In good faith ; in real- 


iEquanimiter, With equanimity. 


Arbiter elegantium, Master of cer- 


ity. 


iEquo animo, With an equal 


emonies. 


Bonis nocit, quisquis pcperceri!; 


mind. 


Arcana imperii, The mysteries of 


malis, He hurts the good who 


Affirmatim, In the affirmative. 


government ; state secrets. 
Pp 


spares the bad. 

t 



594 



PROVERBS AND PHRASES FROM THE LATIN. 



Bonus, A consideration for some- 
thing received. 

Bruturn fulmen, A loud but 
harmless menace. 

Cacoethes loquendi, A rage for 
speaking. 

Cacoethes" scribendi, An itch for 
scribbling. 

Caeca est invidia. Envy is blind. 

Csetera desunt, The remainder is 
wanting. 

Ceteris paribus, Other things be- 
ing equal. 

Candida pax, "White-robed peace. 

Candide et constanter, Candidly 
and constantly. 

Caput mortuum, The worthless 
remains. 

Caret initio et fine, It wants both 
beginning and end. 

Carpe diem, Enjoy the present 
day. 

Casus foederis, The end of the 
league. 

Casus" belli, An occasion for war. 

Caveat actor, Let the doer be- 
ware. 

Caveat emptor, Let the buyer 
beware. 

Cavendo tutus, Safe through cau- 
tion. 

Cedant arma toga?, Let arms yield 
to the gownf i. e., let military 
authority yield to the civil 
power. 

Cede deo. Submit to Providence. 

Certiorari, To be made more 
certain. 

Cito maturum, cito putridum, 
Soon ripe, soon rotten. 

Clarior e tenebris, More bright 
from obscurity. 

Colubrem in sinu fovere, To 
cherish a serpent in one's 
bosom. 

Comitas inter gentes, Politeness 
between nations.' 

Commune bonum, A common 
good. 

Communi consensu, By common 
consent. 

Communibus annis, On the an- 
nual average. 

Componere lites, To settle dis- 
putes. 

Compos mentis, Of a sound 
mind. 

Concio ad clerum, A discourse to 
the clergy 

Concordia?" discors, Discordant 
harmony. 

Consilio et animis, By wisdom 
and courage. 

Consensus faeit legem, Consent 
makes the law. 

Constantia et virtute, By con- 
stancy and virtue. 

Contra bonos mores, Against good 
manners. 

Coram nobis. Before us. 

Coram non judice, Not before the 
proper judge. 

Corpus delicti, The whole nature 
of the offense. 

Corpus juris canonici, The body 
of the canon law. 

Corpus juris civilis, The body of 
civil law. 

Corpus sine pectore, A body with- 
out soul. 

Cor unum, via una, One heart, 
one way. 



Corrigenda, Things to be cor- 
rected. 
Credat Judseus Apella! Let the 

circumcised Jew believe it ! 
Credo quia impossible est, I be- 
lieve because it is impossible. 
Crescit eundo, It increases as it 

goes. 
Crimen falsi, Falsehood ; perjury. 
Crimen la^sse majestatis, High 

treason. 
Crux criticorum, The cross or 

puzzle of critics. 
Crux mihi anchora, The cross is 

my anchor. 
Cui bono ? For whose benefit is 

it ? Proverbially, What good 

will it do ? 
Cum grano salis, "With a grain of 

salt; with some allowance. 
Cum privilegio, W x ith privilege or 

license. 
Curiosa felicitas, A felicitous tact. 
Currente calamo, With a running 

or rapid pen. 
Custos morum, The guardian of 

morality. 

Da locum melioribus, Give place 

to your betters. 
Damnum absque injuria, A loss 

without an injury. 
Data, Things granted. 
De auctoritate mihi commissa. 

By the authority intrusted to 

me. 
Debito justitia?, By debt of jus- 
tice. 
De bonis non. Of the goods not 

yet administered on." 
Deceptio visus, An illusion of the 

sight. 
De die in diem. From day to day. 
De facto. From the fact. 
Dei gratia, By the grace of God. 
De gustibus non est disputandum, 

There is no disputing about 

tastes. 
De jure. From the law ; by right. 
Delectando pariterque monendo, 

By pleasing while admonish- 
ing. 
Delenda est Carthago, Down with 

Carthage. 
De mortuis nil nisi bonum. Say 

nothing but good of the dead. 
De noA*o, Anew. 
Deo favente. With God's favor. 
Deo gratias. Thanks to God. 
Deo juvante. With God's help. 
Deo volente, With God's will. 
Deo, non fortuna, From God, not 

fortune. 
De profundis, Out of the depths. 
Desideratum, A thing desired. 
Desunt caetera, The remainder is 

wanting. 
Deter digniori, Let it be given to 

the more worthy. 
Dictum de dicto^ Eeport upon 

hearsay. 
Dies faustus, A lucky day. 
Dii penates. Household gods. 
Dies non (in law), A" day on 

which jndges do not. sit. 
Dominus vobiscum, The Lord be 

with you. 
Domus et placens uxor, A house 

and pleasing wife. 
Divide et impera, Divide and 

rule. 
Dramatis persona?, Characters 

represented in a drama. 



Ducit amor patria?, The love of 
country guides me. 

Dulce et decorum est pro patria 
mori, It is sweet and glorious 
to die for one's country. 

Dum spiro, spero, Whilst I 
breathe, I hope. 

Dum vivimus, vivamus, While 
we live let us live. 

Dura mater, A membrane cover- 
ing the brain. 

Durante bene placito, During 
pleasure. 

Durante vita, During life. 

Dux foemina facti, A woman was 
the leader to the deed. 

Ecce homo, Behold the man. 

Ecce signum. Behold the sign. 

E contrario, On the contrary. 

Ens rationis. A creature of reason. 

Eo nomine, By that name. 

E pluribus unum, One composed 
of many. 

Errare est humanum, To err is 
human. 

Erratum, An error; pi. Errata, 
Errors. 

Est modus in rebus. There is a 
medium in all things. 

Esto perpetua, Be thou perpetual. 

Et camera, And the rest ; &c. 

Et sic de similibus, And so of the 
like. 

Ex abundantia, Out of the abun- 
dance. 

Ex animo, Heartily. 

Excerpta, Extracts. 

Ex cathedra, From the chair. 

Ex eoncesso, From what has been 
conceded 

Ex curia, Out of court. 

Exempli gratia, By way of ex- 
ample. 

Exeunt omnes. All retire. 

Ex mero motu, Of his own ac- 
cord. 

Ex necessitate rei. From the ne- 
cessity of the case. 

Ex nihil o nihil fit, Nothing comes 
of nothing. 

Ex officio. By virtue of his office. 

Ex parte, On one side only. 

Ex pede Herculem. Judge of the 
whole from the specimen. 

Experimentum crucis, A decisive 
experiment. 

Ex post facto, After the fact, or 
commission of a crime. 

Ex professo, Professedly. 

Ex tempore, Without premedita- 
tion. 

Ex uno disce omnes, From one 
you may learn all. 

Ex voto. According to vow. 

Ex vi termini. By the meaning 
or force of the expression. 

Faber sua? fortunre. The archi- 
tect of his own fortune. 

Facile princeps, The admitted 
chief. 

Facilis est descensus, Descent is 
easy. 

Fac simile. A close imitation. 

Falsi crimen, A crime of forgery. 

Fas est ab hoste deceri. It i- al- 
lowable to learn even from an 
enemy. 

Fata obstant, The Fates oppose 
it, 

Favete Unguis. Favor with your 
tongues ;" be silent. 



PROVERBS AND PHRASES FROM THE LATE\ T . 



5& 



Felo de se, A suicide. 

Fera? naturae, Of a wild nature. 

Festina lente, Hasten slowly. 

Fiat justitia mat ccelum, Let jus- 
tice be done though the heavens 
should fall. 

Fide, non arrnis, By faith, not by 
axfns. 

Fides et justitia, Fidelity and 
justice. 

"Fieri facias, A legal term direct- 
ing an execution to be levied 
on" the goods of a debtor. 

Filius nullius, A son of nobody. 

Finem respice, Look to the end. 

Finis coronet opus, The end 
crowns the work. 

Flagrante bello, Duringhostilities. 

Flagrante delicto, In the com- 
mission of the crime. 

Flecti non frangi, To bend, not to 
break. 

Fortes fortuna juvat, Fortune as- 
sists the brave. 

Fortiter in re, "With firmness in 
acting. 

Fronri "nulla fides, There is no 
trusting to appearances. 

Fugit liora, The hours fly. 

Fuit Ilium, Troy lias been. 

Fulmen brutum, Harmless thun- 
der. 

Functus officio, Out of office. 

Genius loci, The genius of a 
place. 

Genus irritabile vatum, The irri- 
table race of poets. 

Gloria in excelsis, Glory to God 
in the highest. 

Gratis, For nothing. 

Gratis dictum, Mere assertion. 

Gravamen, The thing complained 
of. 

Graviora manent, Greater afflic- 
tions await us. 

Habeas corpus (in law), A writ 
for delivering a person from 
imprisonment. 

Haud ignara mali, maiis succur- 
re disco, Not ignorant of mis- 
fortune, I learn to succor the 
unfortunate. 

Haud passibus a?quis, Not with 
equal steps. 

Hiatus valde deflendus, A defi- 
ciency much to be regretted. 

Hie et ubique, Here, there, and 
evervwhere. 

Hie fiiiis fandi, Here was an end 
to the discourse. 

Hicjacet, Here lies. 

Hoc' opus, hie labor est, This is 
labor ; this is work. 

Hinc ilia? lacryma?, Hence pro- 
ceed these tears. 

Hoc age, Do this ; attend to what 
you are doing. 

Hodie mihi, eras tibi, To-day to 
me, to-morrow it belongs to you. 

Homo homini lupus, Man is a 
wolf to man. 

Homo multarum literarum, A 
man of many letters. 

Homo sum ; humani nihil a me 
alienum puta, I am a man, and 
deem nothing that relates to 
man foreign to my feelings. 

Hortus siccus, A collection of 
dried plants. 

Hostis humani generis, An enemy 
of the human race. 



Humanum est errare, It is the 

lot of human nature to err. 
Hunc tu caveto, Beware of him. 

Ibidem ; Ibid., In the same place ; 
a note of reference. 

Id est (i. e\), That is. 

Id genus omne, All of that sort. 

Idoheus homo, A fit man ; a man 
of known ability. 

Ignorantia legis neminem excu- 
sat, Ignorance of the law ex- 
cuses no one. 

Ignoti nulla eupido, No desire is 
felt for a thing unknown. 

Ilium fuit, Troy has existed; 
such things have been. 

Imitatores, servum pecus, Servile 
herd of imitators. 

Imo pectore, From the lowest 
breast. 

Imperiumin imperio, A govern- 
ment within a government. 

Imprimatur, Let it be printed. 

Imprimis, In the first place; es- 
pecially. 

Impromptu, "Without study. 

In articulo mortis, In the article 
of death ; in the last struggle. 

In capite, In the head. 

In ccelo quies, There is rest in 
Heaven. 

Incognito, Unknown. 

In commendam, In trust, or re- 
commendation. 

In curia, In the court. 

Inde ira?, Hence this resentment. 

Index expurgatorius, A list of 
prohibited books. 

In dubiis, In matters of doubt. 

In equilibrio, Equally balanced. 

In esse, In being. 

In extenso, At full length. 

In finito, Perpetually. 

In flagranti delicto, Taken in the 
fact. 

In forma pauperis, As a pauper. 

In foro conscientia?, Before the 
tribunal of conscience. 

In futuro, In future ; henceforth. 

Ingens telum necessitas, Neces- 
sity is a powerful weapon. 

In hoc signo spes mea, In this 
sign is my hope. 

In hoc signo vinces, In this sign 
thou shaft conquer. 

In limine, At the threshold. 

In loco, In the place. 

In medias res, Into the midst of 
things. 

In medio tutissimus ibis, Safety 
lies in a medium. 

In nubibus, In the clouds. 

In ovo, In the egg. 

In partibus infidelium, In infidel 
countries. 

In perpetuam rei memoriam, In 
perpetual memory of the affair. 

In perpetuum, Forever. 

In posse, In possible existence. 

In presenti, At the present time. 

In propria persona, In person. 

In puris naturalibus, Quite naked. 

In re, In the matter of. 

In rerum natura, In the nature 
of things. 

In situ, In its original situation. 

Instanter, Instantly. 

Instar omnium, Like all; an ex- 
ample to others. 

In statu quo, In the former state 
or condition. 

Inter alia, Among other things. 



Inter arma leges silent, In the 

midst of arms the laws are si- 
lent. 
Inter nos, Between ourselves. 
In terrorem, As a warning. 
Inter se, Among themselves. 
In toto, In the whole ; entirely. 
In transitu, On the pa 
In utrumque paratus, Prepared 

for either event. 
In vacuo, In empty space, or in 

a vacuum. 
In vino Veritas, There is truth in 

wine ; truth is told under the 

influence of wine. 
Invita Minerva, Without the aid 

of genius. 
Ipse dixit. He said it himself; 

dogmatism. 
Ipsissima verba, The very words. 
Ipso facto, In the fact itself. 
Ipso jure, By the law itself. 
Ira furor brevis est, Anger is brief 

madness. 
Ita lex scripta est, Thus the law 

is written. 

Jacta est alea, The die is cast. 
Januis clausis, With closed doors. 
Judicium dei, The judgment of 

God. 
Juniores ad labores, Young men 

for labors. 
Jure divino, By divine law. 
Jure humano, By human law. 
Jus civile, Civil law. 
Jus gentium, Law of nations. 
Justitia? soror fides, Faith is the 

sister of justice. 
Justum et tenacem proposite vi- 

rum, A just man, and steady to 

his purpose. 

Labor ipse voluptas, Labor itself 
is pleasure. 

Labor omnia vincit, Labor con- 
quers everything. 

Lapsus lingua?, A slip of the 
tongue. 

Lareset penates, Household gods. 

Lateat scintillula forsan, A small 
spark may lurk unseen. 

Latet anguis in herba, There's a 
snake in the grass. 

Laus deo, Praise to God. 

Leges legum, The law of laws. 

Leonina societas, A lion's com- 
pany. 

Lex loci, The law or custom of 
the place. 

Lex non scripta, The common 
law. 

Lex scripta, Statute law. 

Lex talionis, The law of retalia- 
tion. 

Lex terra?, The law of the land. 

Lis sub judice, A case not yet de- 
cided. 

Lite pendente, During the trial. 

Litera scripta manet, The written 
letter remains. 

Literatim, Literally; letter for 
letter. 

Locum tenens, A deputy or sub- 
stitute. 

Locus sigilli (L. S.), The place of 
the seal. 

Longo intervallo, By or with long 
interval. 

Lucidus ordo, A clear arrange- 
ment. 

Ludere cum sacris, To trifle with 
sacred things. 



596 



PROVERBS AND PHRASES FROM THE LATIN. 



Lusus naturae, A sport or freak of 
nature. 



Macte virtute, Proceed in virtue. 
Magna civitas, magna solitudo, A 

great city is a great desert. 
Magna est Veritas, et prevalebit, 

Truth is mighty and it will 

prevail. 
Magnas inter opes inops, Poor in 

the midst of great wealth. 
Magni nominis umbra, The shad- 
ow of a great name. 
Magnum opus, A great work. 
Major domo, Master of the house ; 

a steward. 
Mala fide, Treacherously. 
Mali exempli, Of a bad example. 
Malum in se, Bad in itself. 
Malum prohibitum, Bad because 

prohibited. 
Malus pudor, False shame. 
Mania a potu, Madness caused by 

drunkenness. 
Manibus pedibusque, With hands 

and feet ; tooth and nail. 
Manu forti, With a strong hand. 
Mare clausum, A closed sea; a 

bay. 
Materfamilias, The mother of a 

family. 
Materia medica, Substances used 

in the healing art. 
Materiam superabat opus, The 

workmanship surpassed the 

materials. 
Maximum, The greatest possible. 
Maximus in minimis, Yery great 

in trifling things. 
Medio tutissimus ibis, A medium 

course will be safest. 
Me judice, I being judge; in my 

opinion. 
Memento mori, Eemember death. 
Memorabilia, Things to be re- 
membered. 
Memoria in eterna, In everlasting 

remembrance. 
Mensa et toro, From board and 

bed. 
Mens conscia recti, A mind con- 
scious of rectitude. 
Mens sana in corpore sano, A 

sound mind in a sound body. 
Meo periculo, At my own risk. 
Merum sal, Pure salt; genuine 

Attic wit. 
Meum et tuum, Mine and yours. 
Mirabile dictu, Wonderful to be 

told. 
Miserabile vulgus, A wretched 

crew. 
Mittimus, We send; a writ to 

commit an offender to prison. 
Modus operandi, Manner of oper- 
ation. 
Mole ruit sua, It is crushed by 

its own weight. 
More majorum, After the manner 

of our ancestors. 
Mors omnibus communis, Death 

is common to all. 
Motu proprio, Of his own accord. 
Mos pro lege, Custom for law. 
Multa gemens, Groaning deeply. 
Multum in parvo, Much in little. 
Mutatis mutandis, The necessary 

changes being made. 

Natal e solum, Natal soil. 
Ne cede malis, Yield not to mis- 
fortune. 



Necessitas non habet legem, Ne- 
cessity has no law. 
Nee mora, nee requies, No rest or 

repose. 
Nee pluribus impar, Not an equal 

match for numbers. 
Nee prece nee pretio, Neither by 

entreaty nor by bribe. 
Nee scire fas est omnia, It is not 

permitted to know all things. 
Ne exeat, Let him not depart. 
Ne fasti dies, Unlucky days. 
Nem. con. {nemine contradi- 

cente), Without opposition. 
Nemo me impune lacessit, No 

one wounds me with impunity. 
Nemo solus sapit, No one is wise 

alone. 
Nemo repente fuit turpissimus, 

No man ever became a villain 

at once. 
Ne plus ultra, Nothing further; 

the uttermost point. 
Ne quid nimis, Literally, not too 

much ; i. e. go not too far. 
Ne sutor ultra crepidam, Let not 

the shoemaker go beyond his 

last. 
Nihil debet, He owes nothing; a 

plea, denying a debt. 
Nil admirari, To wonder at no- 
thing. 
Nil desperandum, Never despair. 
Nil (licit, He says nothing. 
Nisi prius, Unless before. 
Nolens volens, Whether he will 

or not. 
Nolle prosequi, To be unwilling 

to proceed. 
Nolo episcopari, I do not wish to 

be made a bishop. 
Non compos mentis, Not of sound 

mind. 
Non conscire sibi, Conscious of 

no fault. 
Non constat, It does not appear. 
Non est inventus, He has not 

been found. 
Non libet, It does not please me. 
Non nobis solum, Not merely for 

ourselves. 
Non obstante, Notwithstanding. 
Non omnia possumus omnes, We 

cannot, all of us, do all things. 
Non omnis moriar, I shall not 

wholly die. 
Non quo, sed quomodo, Not by 

whom, but how. 
Non sequitur, It does not follow; 

an unwarranted conclusion. 
Non sibi, sed omnibus, Not for 

itself, but for all. 
Non sum qualis eram, I am not 

what I was. 
Noscitur a sociis, He is known 

by his companions. 
Nota bene (N. B.), Mark well. 
Novus homo, A new man. 
Nudum pactum, An invalid 

agreement. 
Nugse canora?, Melodious trifles. 
Nugis armatus, Armed with tri- 
fles. 
Nullius Alius, The son of nobody. 
Nunc aut nunquam, Now or 

never. 
Nunquam minus solus, quam 

cum solus, Never less alone 

than when alone. 
Nunquam non paratus, Never 

unprepared. 
Nusquam tuta fides, Our confi- 
dence is nowhere safe. 



Obiter dictum, A thing said by 
the way, or in passing. 

Observanda, Things to be ob- 
served. 

Obsta principiis, Eesist the first 
beginnings. 

Occurrent nubes, Clouds will in- 
tervene. 

Oderint dum metuant, Let them 
hate provided they fear. 

Odi profanum, I loathe the pro- « 
fane. 

Odium theologicum, The hatred 
of divines. 

Ohe ! jam satis, Oh there is now 
enough. 

Omnia bona bonis, All things are 
good with the good. 

Omnia vincit amor, Love con- 
quers all things. 

Omnia vincit labor, Labor over- 
comes all things. 

Omnibus hoc vitium est, All 
have this vice. 

Onus probandi, The burden of 
proving. 

Opera? pretium est, It is worth 
while. 

Optimates, Of the first rank. 

Ora et labora, Pray and work. 

Orator fit, poeta nascitur, The 
orator is made such by educa- 
tion, but a poet must be born 
such. 

Ore tenus, From the mouth. 

1 si sic omnia, Oh ! that he had 
always done or spoken thus. 

temporal mores! Oh the 
times ! Oh the manners ! 

Otium cum dignitate, Ease with 
dignity; dignified leisure. 

Otium sine dignitate, Ease with- 
out dignity. 

Pacta conventa, The conditions 
agreed upon. 

Pallida mors, Pale death. 

Palmam qui meruit ferat, Let 
him who has won it bear the 
palm. 

Pari passu, With equal pace, to- 
gether. 

Paritur pax bello, Peace is pro- 
duced by war. 

Par nobile fratrum, A noble pair 
of brothers ; two just alike. 

Par oneri, Equal to the burden. 

Pars pro toto, Part for the whole. 

Particeps criminis, An accom- 
plice. 

Parturiunt montes, The moun- 
tain is in labor. 

Parva leves capiunt animas, Little 
minds are cauuht with trifies. 

Passim, Everywhere. 

Pater familias, The father of a 
family. 

Pater noster, Our Father; the 
Lord's prayer. 

Pater patriae, Father of his 
country. 

Pax in bello, Peace in war. 

Peccavi, I have sinned. 

Pendente lite, Pending the suit. 

Per annum, By the year. 

Per capita, By the head. 

Per centum, By the hundred. 

Per diem, By the day. 

Per fas et nefas, Through right 
and wrong. 

Per interim, In the meantime. 

Per mare per terras, Through 
sea and land. 



PROVERBS AND PHRASES FROM THE LATIN. 



>97 



Per saltum. By a leap or jump. 

Per se, By itself. 

Petitio principii, A begging of 
the question. 

Poeta nascitur, non fit, Nature, 
not study, must form the poet. 

Posse videor, The appearance of 
being able. 

Post bellum auxilium, Aid after 
the war. 

Post mortem, After death. 

Postulate Things required. 

Praecognita, Things previously 
known. 

Prescriptum, A thing prescribed. 

Prima facie, On the first view. 

Prim;e vi;e, The first passages. 

Primum mobile, The first mover ; 
the first impulse. 

Primus inter pares, Chief among 
equals. 

Principia, First principles. 

Principia, non homines, Princi- 
ples, not men. 

Principiis obsta, Oppose the first 
appearance of evil. 

Pro aris et focis, For our altars 
and firesides. 

Probatum est, It is proved. 

Pro bono publico, For the public 
good. 

Fro confesso, As if conceded. 

Pro et con, For and against. 

Pro forma, For the sake of form. 

Pro hac vice, For this turn or oc- 
casion. 

Pro patria, For our country. 

Propaganda fide, For extending 
the faith. 

Pro rata, In proportion. 

Pro rege, lege et grege, For the 
king, the law and the people. 

Pro re nata, For a special emer- 
gency. 

Pro tanto, For so much. 

Pro tempore, For the time being. 

Prudens futuri, Thoughtful of 
the future. 

Pugnis et calcibus, "With fists and 
heels ; with all the might. 

Punica fides, Punic faith ; treach- 
ery. 

Quaere, Query; inquiry. 

Qualis ab incepto, The same as 
from the beginning* 

Quamdiu se bene gesserit, During 
good behavior. 

Quantum libet, As much as you 
please. 

Quantum meruit, As much as he 
deserved. 

Quantum mutatus ab illo, How 
changed from what he once was. 

Quantum sutficit, A sufficient 
quantity. 

Quasi, As if; in a manner. 

Quem deus vult perdere, prius 
dementat, Whom God purpo- 
ses to destroy, he previously 
deprives of understanding. 

Quidnunc? What now? a news- 
monger. 

Qui docet, discit, He who teaches 
others, learns himself. 

Quid pro quo, One thing for an- 
other ; tit for tat. 

Quid rides ? Why do you laugh ? 

Qui non proficii! deficit, He who 
does not advance, goes back- 
ward. 

Qui tarn ? Who as well ? 

Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? 



Who shall guard the guards 
themselves? 

Qui transtulit, sustinct, - -He who 
brought us hither still pre- 
serves us. 

Quoad hoc, To this extent. 

Quo animo? With what mind or 
intention? 

Quod avertat deus ! Which God 
avert ! 

Quod erat demonstrandum, 
Which was meant to be shown. 

Quod erat faciendum, Which was 
to be done. 

Quod vide, Which see. 

Quo j ure ? By what right ? 

Quorum pars fui, Of which, or 
whom, I was a part. 

Quot homines, tot sententine, So 
many men, so many minds. 

Quo warranto ? By what au- 
thority? 

Kara avis, A rare bird ; a prodigy. 

Eecte et suaviter, Justly and 
mildly. 

Pectus in curia, Upright in the 
court ; with clean hands. 

Eedolet lucerna, It smells of the 
lamp; it is a labored produc- 
tion. 

Eeductio ad'absurdum, A reduc- 
ing a position to an absurdity. 

Ee infecta, The business being 
unfinished. 

Eem acu tetigisti, You have 
touched the thing exactly [lit. 
with a needle]. 

Eenovato nomine, By a revived 
name. 

Eequiescat in pace, May he rest 
in peace. 

Eeriim primordia, The first ele- 
ments of things. 

Ees angusta domi, Narrow cir- 
cumstances at home ; poverty. 

Eespice finem, Look to the end. 

Ees publica, The commonwealth. 

Eesurgam, I shall rise again. 

Eide, si sapis, Laugh, if you are 
wise. 

Eisum teneatis, amici ? Can you, 
my friend, forbear laughing ? 

Eus in urbe, The country in 
town. 

Salvo jure, The right being safe. 
Salvo pudore, Without offense to 

modesty. 
Sanctum sanctorum, Holy of Ho- 
■ lies. 

Sapere aude, Dare to be wise. 
Sat cito, si sat bene, Soon enough 

if but well enough. 
Satis, superque, Enough, and 

more than enough. 
Satis verborum, Enough of 

words; you need say no more. 
Scan. Mag. (scandalum magna- 

tum), Scandal of the great. 
Scienter, Knowingly. 
Scilicet, That is to say ; to wit. 
Scire facias, Cause it to be known. 
Scribimus indocti, doctique, 

Learned and unlearned, all 

write. 
Secundum artem, According to 

rule; scientifically. 
Secundum naturam, According to 

the course of nature. 
Se defendendo, In self defense. 
Semel et simul, Once and to- 
gether. 



Semper idem, Always the same. 
Semper fidelis, Always faithful, 
temper paratus, Always ready. 
Semper vivit in armis, He ever 

lives in arms. 
Seriatim, In regular order. 
Sero, sed serio, Late, but serious- 
ly- 
Servabo fidem, I will keep faith. 
Servare modum, To keep within 

bounds. 
Sic itur ad astra, Such is the way 

to immortality. 
Sic passim, So everywhere. 
Sic transit gloria mundi, So passes 

away earthly glory. 
Sicut ante, As before. 
Sic vos non vobis, Thus you do 

not labor for yourselves. 
Silent leges inter arma, The laws 

are silent amidst arms. 
Simplex munditiis, Simple in 

neatness. 
Sine cura, Without charge or 

care. 
Sine die, Without a day appoint- 
ed. 
Sine dubio, Without doubt. 
Sine invidia, Without envy. 
Sine odio, Without hatred. 
Sine qua non, An indispensable 

condition. 
Siste viator, Stop, traveler. 
Sit tibi terra levis, May the earth 

lie lightly on thy grave. 
Spero meliora, I hope for better 

things. 
Spes mea Christus, Christ is my 

hope. 
Spes tutissima ccelis, The safest 

hope is in Heaven. 
Spolia opima, The richest booty. 
Stans pede in uno, Standing on 

one foot. 
Stat magni nominis umbra, He 

stands "the shadow of a mighty 

name. 
Stat pro ratione voluntas, Will 

stands for reason. 
Statu quo, As things were before. 
Stet, Let it stand. 
Stratum super stratum, Layer 

above layer. 
Stylo inverso, With the back of 

the pen. 
Sua cuique voluptas. Every man 

has his own pleasures. 
Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re, 

Gentle in manners, but resolute 

in deed. 
Sub judice, Under consideration. 
Sub poena, Under a penalty. 
Sub rosa, Under the rose; pri- 
vately. 
Sub silentio, In silence. 
Succedaneum, A substitute. 
Sui generis, Of its own kind. 
Summum bonum, The chief good. 
Summum jus, summa injuria, 

The rigor of the law is the rigor 

of oppression. 
Suo marte, By his own strength. 
Super visum corporis, Upon a 

view of the body. 
Surgit amari aliquid, Something 

bitter rises. 
Suum cuique, Let each have his 

own. 
Suus cuique mos, Every one has 

his particular habit. 

Tabula rasa, A smooth or blank 

tablet. 



593 



PROVERBS AND PHRASES FROM THE LATIN. 



Tadium vita, Weariness of life. 
Tain Marte quam Minerva, Pos- 
sessed equally of courage and 
genius. 
Te judice, You being the judge. 
Teluru imbelle sine ictu, A feeble 
weapon thrown without effect. 
Tempora mutantur, et nos rnuta- 
mur in illis, The times are 
changed and we are changed 
with them. * 

Tempus edax rerum, Time the 
devourer of all things. 

Tempus omnia revelat, Time re- 
veals all things. 

Tenax propositi, Tenacious of his 
purpose. 

Terra-' films, A son of the earth ; 
a man of no birth. 

Terra firma, Solid earth; a safe 
footing. 

Terra incognita, An unknown 
country. 

Tertium quid, A third something. 

Toga virilis, The gown of man- 
hood. 

Tot homines, quot sententia, So 
many men, so many minds. 

Totidem verbis, In just so many 
words. 

Toties quoties, As often as. 

Totis viribus, With all his might. 

Toto coelo, By the whole heavens ; 
diametrically opposite. 

Totus mundus agit histrionem, 
All the world 's"a stage. 

Totus teres, atque rotundas, Com- 
pletely smooth and round. 

Transeat in exemplum, May it 
pass into an example. 

Tria juncta in uno, Three joined 
in one. 

Truditnr dies die, One day is 
pressed onward by another. 

Tu ne cede malis, Do not yield to 
evils. 

Tu quoque, Brute 1 And thou 
too, Brutus ! 

Tutor et ultor, Protector and 
avenger. 

Tuum est, It is your own. 

Uberrima fides, Implicit reli- 
ance. 

Ubi jus incertum, ibi jus nullum, 
Uncertainty destroys law. 

Ubi libertas, ibi patria, Where 
liberty dwells, there is my 
country. 

Ubi supra, Where above men- 
tioned. 

Ultima ratio regum, The last ar- 



gument of kings ; military 
weapons. 

Ultima thule, The utmost boun- 
dary or limit. 

Ultimatum, The last or only con- 
dition. 

Ultimus regum, The last of ty- 
rants. 

Una voce, With one voice ; unani- 
mously. 

Unguis in ulcere, A claw in the 
wound. 

Usque ad aras, To the very al- 
tars. 

Ut infra, As below. 

Utile dulci, The useful with the 
pleasant. 

Uti possedetis, As you possess; 
state of present possession. 

Ut prosim, That I may do good. 

Vade mecum, Go with me ; a 

constant companion. 
Va victis, Woe to the vanquish- 
ed. 
Valeat quantum, valere potest, 

Let it pass Tor what it is worth. 
Valete ac plaudite, Farewell and 

applaud. 
Variie lectiones, Various read- 
ings. 
Vehimur in altum, We are borne 

on high. 
Velis et remis, With sails and 

oars ; by every possible means. 
Vel prece, vel pretio, For either 

love or money. 
Veluti in speculum, As in a mir- 
ror. 
Vendidit hie auro patriam, This 

man sold his country for gold. 
Veni, vidi, vici, I came, I saw, I 

conquered. 
Venire facias, You will cause to 

come, the writ for summoning 

a jury. 
Ventis secundis, With prosperous 

winds. 
Verbatim et literatim, Word for 

word and letter for letter. 
Verbum sat sapienti, A word is 

enough for a wise man. 
Veritas odium parit, Truth often 

causes hatred. 
Ver non semper viret, Spring does 

not always flourish. 
Versus, Against. 
Vestigia nulla retrorsum. There 

are "no returning footsteps. 
Via, By the way of. 
Via media, A middle course. 
Vice, In the place of. 



Vice versa, The terms being ex- 
changed. 
Videlicet, To wit; namely. 
Vide et crede, See and believe. 
Vide ut supra, See what is stated 

above. 
Vi et armis, By main force. 
Vincit amor patria, Love of coun- 
try prevails. 
Vincit, qui se vincit. He conquers 

who overcomes himself. 
Vinculum matrimonii, The bond 

of marriage. 
Vires acquirit eundo, She acquires 

strength in her progress. 
Virtus incendit vires, Virtue kin- 
dles the strength. 
Virtute officii, By virtue of office. 
Virtute non vii is, From virtue 

not from men. 
Vis a tergo, A propelling force 

from behind. 
Vis inertia, The power of inert- 
ness. 
Vis preservatrix, A preserving 

power. 
Vis vita, The vigor of life. 
Vita brevis, ars longa, Life is 

short and art is long. 
Vitam impendere vero, To stake 

one's life for the truth. 
Vivat respublica, Live the re- 
public. 
Vivat rex, Long live the king. 
Viva voce, By "the living voice ; 

by oral testimony. 
Vive memor lcthi, Live mindful 

of death. 
Vivere sat vincere, To conquer is 

to live enough. 
Vive, vale, Farewell and be happy. 
Vivida vis animi, The lively vig- 
or of genius. 
Videlicet, viz : Namely. 
Volo, non valeo, I am willing, but 

unable. 
Vota vita mea, My life is devoted. 
Vox et preterea nihil, A voice 

and nothing more. 
Vox faucibus hasit, The voice (or 

words) stuck in the throat. 
Vox populi, vox dei, The people's 

voice is God's voice. 
Vulnus immedicabile, An irrepa- 
rable injury. 
Vultus est index animi, The face 
is the index of the mind. 

Zonam perdidit, He has lost his 
purse. 

Zonam solvere, To loose the vir- 
gin zone. 



* Much inquiry has been made as to the origin of this line. It has been found, at last, by Prof. Lin- 
coln, of Brown University, in the writings of Matthias Borbonius, a German writer of Latin poetry, 
who represents it as a saying of Lotharius I. In the original the line stands thus: — Omnia mutantur 
et nos mutamur in illis. — See Pres. Sears' edition of Boget'a Thesaurus. 



WORDS AND PIIRASES 


FROM THE FEEXCII, WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS. 


A bon chat, bon rat. To a good 


Bon jour, bonne ceuvre, The bet- 


De haute lutte, By a violent 


cat, a good rat; well matched; 

set a thief to catch a thief. 


ter day, the better deed. 


str little. 


Bonne, A nurse or governess. 


Dehors? Without. 


A fin, To the end. 


Bonne bouche, A delicate bit. 


Dejeuner a la fourchette, A meat 


A grands frais, At great expense. 


Bonne et belle assez, Good and 


breakfast. 


Aide-toi, le ciel faidera, Help 


handsome enough. 


De mal en pis, From bad to worse. 


yourself and Heaven will help 


Bon ton, The height of fashion. 


Denouement, The unraveling of 


you. 


Bon-vivant, A jovial companion ; 


a plot. 


A Tabandon, At random. 


a luxurious liver. 


Dernier resort, A last resource. 


A la bonne heure, Well timed ; 


Bourgeois, A citizen. 


Detour, A circuitous maj-ch. 


at an early hour. 


Boutez en avant, Push forward. 


Devoir, Duty. 


A la derobee, By stealth. 


Brevete, Patented. 


De trop, Too much, or too many. 


A la Francaise, After the French 




Dieu defend le droit, God defends 


mode. 


Canaille, The rabble. 


the right. 


A la mode, According to the cus- 


Cap-a-pie, From head to foot; all 


Dieu et mon droit, God and my 


tom. 


over. 


right. 


A l'Anglaise, After the English 


Carte blanche, A blank sheet of 


Dieu vous garde, God bless yon. 


custom. 


paper ; full powers. 


Double entendre, A double mean- 


A l'envi, Emulously. 


Ce monde est plein de fous, The 


ing. 


A l'extreuiite, At the point of 


world is full of fools. 


Douceur, Sweetness ; a bribe. 


death; without resource. 


C'est en fait de lui, It is all over 


Doux yeux. Soft glances. 


A l'improviste, Unawares. 


with him. 


Droit des gens, The law of na- 


A Toutrance, To the utmost. 


C'est une autre chose, It is quite 


tions. 


A ma puissance, To my power. 


a different thing. 


Droit et avant. Eight and forward. 


A main armee, AVith force of 


Chacun a son gout, Every one to 


Du fort au foible. From the strong 


arms. 


his taste. 


to the weak ; one with another. 


A merveille, To a wonder; mar- 


Champs Elysees, Elysian fields; 




vellously. 


a beautiful public park in Paris. 


Eati de vie, Brandy. 


A moitie de moitie, By halves. 


Chaque pays a sa guise, So many 


Eclat, Splendor; pomp; glory. 


Amour fait beaucoup. mais argent 


countries, so many customs. 


Elite, The best part. 


fait tout, Love is pleasant, but 


Chateaux en Espagne, Castles in 


Eloignment, Estrangement. 


money is omnipotent. 


the air ; fanciful plans. 


Emeute, Insurrection ; uproar. 


Amour propre, Self-love, vanity. 


Chef-d'oeuvre, A master-piece. 


En ami, As a friend. 


A pas de geant, With a giant's 


Cheval de bataille, A war-horse; 


En avant ! Forward ! 


stride. 


the main dependence. 


Enfans perdus, Lost children ; the 


A peindre, A model for a painter. 


Chevalier d'industrie, A knight 


forlorn hope. 


A propos, To the point. 


of industry; one who lives by 


Enfant gate, A spoiled child. 


A rez de chaussee, Even with the 


persevering fraud. 


Enfant trouve, A foundling. 


ground. 


Ci-devant, Formerly. 


En flute. Armed with guns only 


A tort et a travers, At cross pur- 


Comme il faut, As it should be. 


on the upper deck. 
En foule. In a crowd. 


poses. 


Concierge, The keeper of a prison. 


Au bon droit, To the just right. 


Conge d'elire, A leave to elect. 


En habiles gens. Like able men. 


Au desespoir, In despair. 

Au fait, Well instructed ; master 


Contre temps, A mischance ; dis- 


En masse, In a body. 


appointment. 


En passant, In passing; by the 


of it. 


Corps diplomatique, The diplo- 


way. 
En plein jour, In broad day. 


Au fond, At the bottom. 


matic body. 


Au pis aller, At the worst. 


Couleur de'rose, Eose color; of 


En revanche, In return. 


Au revoir, Adieu, until we meet 


flattering or pleasing appear- 


En route, On the way. 


again. 


ance. 


En suivant le verite, In following 


Aussitot dit, aussitot fait, No 


Coup d'essai, A first essay ; at- 


the truth. 


sooner said than done. 


tempt. 


Entre deux feux, Between two 


Autant d' hommes, autant d'avis, 


Coup d'etat, A stroke of policy or 


fires. 


So many men, so many minds. 


of violence in state affairs. 


Entre deux vins, Half drunk. 


Autre droit, Another's right. 


Coup de grace, A finishing stroke. 


Eutre nous, Between ourselves. 


Avant courier, A forerunner. 


Coup de main, A sudden enter- 


Esprit de corps, The spirit of the 


A votre sante, To your health. 


prise or effort. 


body. 




Coup d'ceil, A rapid glance of the 


Etat-major, A specific number 
of officers belonging to the 


Bas bleu, A blue-stocking, a lite- 


eye. 


rary woman. 


Coup de pied. A kick. 


same corps. 


Beau* ideal, A perfect model of 


Coup de soleil, A stroke of the 


Etourderie, Giddiness ; impru- 


beauty. 


sun. 


dence. 


Beau monde, The fashionable 


Courage sans peur, Courage with- 


Expose, An exposition ; recital. 


world. 


out fear. 




Bel esprit, A brilliant mind. 


Coute qui coute, Let it cost what 


Facon de parler, Manner of speak- 


Beaux esprits, Gay spirits ; men 


it may. 


ing. 


of wit. 


Cul de sa^c, The bottom of the 


Faire mon devoir, To do my duty. 


Bizarre, Odd; fantastic. 


bag; a difficulty; a street or 


Faire sans dire, To act without 


Bon-bon, A sweetmeat; confec- 


lane that has no outlet. 


ostentation. 


tionary. 




Fauteuil, An easy chair. 


Bon gre, mal gre, Willing or un- 


D'accord, Agreed ; in tune. 


Faux pas, A false step ; a mis- 


willing. 


Dames de fa halle, Market wo- 


take. 


Bonhornmie, Good natured sim- 


men. 


Femme couverte, A married wo- 


plicity. 


De gaiete de cceur, Sportively. 


man. 





600 



WORDS AND PHRASES FROM THE FRENCH. 



Femme sole, A -woman unmar- 
ried. 

Ferme ornee, A decorated farm. 

Fete champetre, A rural feast. 

Feu de joie, A firing of guns in 
token of joy; a bonfire. 

Feuilleton, A small leaf; a sup- 
plement to a newspaper ; a 
pamphlet. 

Fille de chambre, A chamber- 
maid. 

Flux de bouche, A flow of words ; 
garrulity. 

Froides mains, chaude amour, A 
cold hand and warm love. 

Gaiete de coeur, G-ayety of heart. 

Garde de corp, A body guard. 

Gardez bien, Take good care. 

Gardez la foi, Keep the faith. 

Gens de condition, People of rank. 

Gens d'eglise, Churchmen. 

Gens de guerre, Military men. 

Gens de ineme famille, Birds of 
a feather. 

Gens de peu, Meaner sort of peo- 
ple. 

Goutte a goutte, Drop by drop. 

Grand parure, Full dress. 

Guerre a mort, "War till death. 

Guerre a l'outrance, War to the 
uttermost. 

Haut gout, High flavor. 
Homme de robe, A man in civil 

office. 
Homme d'esprit, A man of talent, 

or of wit. 
Honi soit qui mal y pense, Shame 

to him who evil thinks. 
Hors de combat, Out of condition 
" to fight. 

Hotel de ville, A town hall. 
Hotel dieu, The house of God ; a 

hospital in Paris. 

II a le diable au corps, The devil 
is in him. 

II a le vin mauvais, He is quar- 
relsome when in his cups. 

II ennuie a qui attend, Waiting is 
tedious. 

II faut de l'argent, Money is want- 
ing. 

II n'a ni bouche, ni eperon, He 
has neither mouth nor spur; 
neither wit nor courage. 

II n'a pas invente la poudre, He 
was not the inventor of gun- 
powder ; he is no conjurer. 

II ne faut jamais defier un fou, 
One must never bid defiance to 
a fool. 

II n'est sauce que d'appetit, Hun- 
ger is the best sauce. 

J'ai bonne cause, I have a good 
cause. 

Jamais arriere, Never behind. 

Je ne cherche qu'un, I seek but 
for one. 

Je ne sais quoi, I know not what. 

Je suis pret, I am ready. 

Jeu de mots, A play on words ; 
a pun. 

Jeu d'esprit, A witticism. 

Jeu de theatre, Stage-trick ; atti- 
tude. 

Je vis en espoir, I live in hope. 

J'y suis pour mon coiit, I paid 
dear for it. 

La beautc sans vertu est une fieur 



sans parfum, Beauty without 
virtue is like a flower without 
fragrance. 

Laissez nous faire, Let us alone. 

La maladie sans maladie, Hypo- 
chondriacism. 

La patience est amere, mais son 
fruit est doux, Patience is bit- 
ter, but its fruit is sweet. 

La vertu est la seule noblesse, 
Virtue is the only nobility. 

L'eau en vient a la bouche, That 
makes one's mouth water. 

Le beau monde, The fashionable 
world. < 

Le bon temps viendra, The good 
time will come. 

Le coiit en ote la gout, The cost 
takes away the taste. 

Le diable boiteux, The lame devil, 
or the devil on two sticks. 

Le grand ceuvre, The great work ; 
the philosopher's stone. 

Le jeu n 1 en vaut pas le chandelle, 
The object is not worth the 
trouble. 

Le mot d'enigme, The key of the 
mystery. 

L'empire des lettres, The repub- 
lic of letters. 

Le roi le veut, The king wills it. 

Les affaires font les hommes, Bu- 
siness makes men. 

Le savoir faire, The knowledge 
how to act ; address. 

Le savoir vivre, Acquaintance 
with life and manners. 

Les doux yeux, Soft glances. 

Les murailles ont des oreilles, 
Walls have ears. 

Le tout ensemble, All together. 

Lettre de cachet, A sealed letter ; 
a royal warrant. 

L'homme propose et Dieu dis- 
pose, Man proposes, and God 
disposes. 

Loyal devoir, Loyal duty. 

Loyaute m'oblige, Loyalty binds 
me. 

Loyaute n'a honte, Loyalty has 
no shame. 

Maintien le droit, Maintain the 

right. 
Maison de campagne, A country 

seat. 
Maison de ville, The town-house. 
Maitre d'hotel, A house-steward. 
Maladie du pays, Home-sickness. 
Mal a propos, Ill-timed. 
Malheur ne vient jamais seul, 

Misfortunes seldom come alone. 
Mauvais gout, Bad taste. 
Mauvaiselionte, False modesty. 
Medecin, gueris-toi toi meme, 

Physician, cure thyself. 
Morceau, A morsel. 
Mots d'usage, Words in common 

use. 
Muet comme un poisson, Mute as 

a fish. 

Ni Tun ni Tautre, Neither the 
one nor the other. 

Nimporte, It matters not. 

Nom de plume, A literary title. 

Nom de guerre, A war name; a 
traveling title. 

Nonchalance, Carelessness; in- 
difference. 

Nous verrons, We shall see. 

Nul bien sans peine, No pains, no 
gains. 



03il de bceuf, A bull's eye. 

On commence par etre dupe ; on 
finit par etre fripon, They be- 
gin by being fools, and end in 
becoming knaves. 

On connait Fami au besoin, A 
friend is known in time of need. 

On dit, A flying rumor. 

Outre, Out of the usual limits; 
extravagant. 

Oublier je ne puis, I can never 
forget. 

Papier mache, A substance made 
of paper reduced to a pulp. 

Par acces, By snatches or starts. 

Par excellence, By way of emi- 
nence. 

Par signe de mepris, As a token 
of contempt. 

Parvenu, A new comer ; an up- 
start. 

Pas a pas on va bien loin, Step by 
step one goes a long way. 

Passe partout, A master-key. 

Patois, A corrupt dialect. 

Peine forte et dure, Strong and 
severe pain. 

Penchant, Inclination; desire. 

Pere de famille, The father of a 
family. 

Petit maitre, A fop. 

Peu de bien, peu de soin, Little 
wealth, little care. 

Peu de gens savent etre vieux, 
Few persons know how to be 
old. 

Plus on est de fous, plus on rit, 
The more fools, the more fun. 

Plus sages que les sages, More 
wise than the wise. 

Point d'appui, Point of support ; 
prop. 

Pour comble de bonheur, As the 
height of happiness. 

Pour passer le temps, To pass 
away the time. 

Pour y parvenir, To accomplish 
the object. 

Pret d'accomplir, Eeady to ac- 
complish. 

Pret pour mon pays, Eeady for 
my country. 

Proces verbal, A written state- 
ment. 

Projet; A plan or project. 

Protege, One protected or pat- 
ronized. 

Quand on voit la chose on la 

croit, Seeing is believing. 
Quelque chose, A trifle. 
Qui aime bien, bien chatie. He 

loves well who chastises well. 
Qui m'aime, aime mon chien, 

Love me, love my dog. 
Qui n'a sante n'a rien, He that 

wants health wants every 

thing. 
Qui pense? Who thinks? 
Qui vive? Who goes there? on 

the qui vive, on the alert. 

Eaisonne, Eational; arranged in 

regular system. 
Becherche, Nice to an extreme ; 

uncommon and desirable. 
Eeculer pour mieux sauter, To 

go back in order to get a better 

leap. 
Eepondre en Normand, To give 

an evasive answer. 



PROVERBS AND PHRASES FROM THE ITALIAN AND SPANISH. 601 



Eesume, An abstract or sum- 
mary. 

Eevenons a nos montons, Let us 
return to our subject. 

Bien n'est beau que le vrai. No- 
thing is beautiful but the truth. 

Eire entre cttir et chair, To 
laugh in one's sleeve. 

Eole dY-quipage, A list of the 
crew. 

Euse contre ruse, Diamond cut 
diamond ; trick for trick. 

Euse de guerre, A stratagem. 

S'amuser a la moutarde, To stand 
on trifles. 

Sans ceremonie, "Without cere- 
mony. 

Sang froid. Indifference ; apathy. 

Sans changer, Without chang- 
ing. 

Sans culottes, Eagged men; the 
lower classes. 

Sans Dieu rien, Nothing without 
God. 

Sans peur et sans reproche, With- 
out fear and without reproach. 

Sans souci, Without care; free 
and easy. 

Sans tache, Stainless. 



Same qui peut, Save himself who 

can. 
Savoir faire, Ability ; skill. 
Savoir vivre, Good breeding. 
Selon les regies. According to rule. 
Si je puis, If I can. 
Sobriquet, A nickname. 
Boi-disant, Self-styled. 
Soutiier le chaud et le froid, To 

blow hot and cold. 
Soyez ferme, Be firm. 

Table d'hote, A common table 
for guests. 

Tache sans tache, A work with- 
out a stain. 

Tant mieux, So much the better. 

Tant pis. So much the worse. 

Tel maitre. tel valet, Like mas- 
ter, like man. 

Tete a tete, Head to head; in 
close conversation. 

Tiens a la verite, Maintain the 
truth. 

Tiens ta foi. Keep thy faith. 

Toujours pret, Always ready. 

Tour d'expression, An idiom or 
peculiar mode of expression. 

Tout au contraire, On the con- 
trary. 



Tout bien ou rien, The whole or 

nothing. 
Tout ensemble, The whole taken 

together. 
Tout est pris, All is taken ; every 

avenue preoccupied. 
Tout lui rit, All goes well with 

him. 

Une fois n'est pas contume, One 
act does not make a habit. 

Un sot a triple etage, An egre- 
gious blockhead. 

Yalet de chambre, An attendant ; 
a footman. 

Yerite sans peur, Truth without 
fear. 

Yidettes, Sentinels on horseback. 

Yis a vis, Opposite : facing. 

Vive la bagatelle ! Success to tri- 
fling! 

Vive le roi ! Long live the king! 

Voila tout, That's all. 

Yoila une autre chose. There's 
quite a different matter. 

Voir le dessons des cartes, To be 
in the secret. 

Vous y perdrez vos pas, You will 
lose your labor. 



PROVERBS AUD PHRASES 



FEOM THE ITALIAN AND SPANISH, 



A cader va chi troppo alto sale, 

It. Who climbs too hi?h, goes 

to fall. 
A causa persa, parole assai, It. 

When the cause is lost, there is 

enough of words. 
Ad ogni uccello, suo nido e bello, 

It." With every bird its own 

nest is charming. 
Auto de fi, Sp. An act of faith ; 

the name given in Spain and 

Portugal to the burning of 

Jews and heretics. 
Aviendo pregonado vino, ven- 

dere vinagre, Sp. After having 

praised their wine, they sell us 

vinegar. 
A vostra salute, It. To your 

health. 

Bella femina che ride, vuol dir, 
borsa che piange, It. The 
smiles of a pretty woman are 
the tears of the purse. 

Ben trovato, It. Well found — an 
ingenious solution. 

Ben vienes, si vienes solo, Sp. 
Thou comest well, if thou com- 
est alone: spoken of misfor- 
tune. 

Cambio non e furto, It. Exchange 

is no robbery. 
Che sara, sara, It. Whatever 

will be, will be. 
Chi da presto raddoppia il dono, 

It. He that gives quickly 

doubles the gift. 
Chi risponde presto, sa poco, It. 

Who answers suddenly, knows 

little. 



Chi non s'arrischia, non guadag- 
na. It. Nothing venture, no- 
thing have. 

Chi non sa niente, non dubita de 
niente, It. He who knows 
nothing, doubts of nothing. 

Chi tace confessa, It. Silence is 
confession. 

Cicerone, It. A guide who ex- 
plains curiosities. 

Clair-obscur, It. In painting, 
the art of judiciously distribut- 
ing light and shade. 

Cognoscente, It. A connoisseur. 

Con amore, It. With love ; ear- 
nestly. 

Contra fortuna no vale arte nin- 
guna, Sp. There is no fence 
against fortune. 

Conversazione, Conversation; a 
meeting for conversation. 

Cosa ben fatta, e fatta due volte, 
It. A thing well done is twice 
done. 

Cosa fatta capo ha, It. A thing 
which is done has a head. 

Di il vero e effronterai il diavo- 
lo, It. Speak the truth and 
shame the devil. 

Dolce, It. In music, 6oft and 
agreeable. 

Dolce cose a vedere, e dolci in- 
ganni, It. Things sweet to see, 
and sweet deceptions — applied 
to specious but deceitful ap- 
pearances. 

Dolce far niente. It. Sweet doing 
nothing. — A difficult phrase to 
give iii equivalent English. 

Doloroso, It. Soft and pathetic. 



Due teste vagliano piu che una 
sola, It. Two heads are better 
than one. 

E cativo vento che non e buono 
per qualchumo, It. 'Tis an ill 
wind that blows nobody good. 

El corazon manda las carnes, Sp. 
The heart bears up the body. 

E meglio cader dalle flnestre che 
dal tetto, It. It is better to 
fall from a window than the 
roof. 

E meglio tardi che mai, It. Bet- 
ter late than never. 

Escritura, buena memoria, Sp. 
Writing, the best memory. 

Giovane Santo, Diavolo vecchio, 
It. A young saint, an old de- 
vil. 

Gli assenti hanno torto. It. The 
absent are in the wrong. 

Guerra al cuchillo, Sp. War to 
the knife. 



Hora e sempre, It. 
time. 



It is always 



II sabio muda conscio, il nescio 
no, Sp. A wise man sometimes 
changes his opinion, a fool 
never. 

II volto sciolto, i pensieri 
stretti, It. The countenance 
open, but the thoughts con- 
cealed. 

In petto, It. Within the breast; 
in reserve. 

Joco di mano, joco villano, It. 



602 



MOTTOES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Practical jokes belong only to 
the low. 

La gente pone, y Dios dispono, 
Sp. Men purpose, but God 
doth dispose. 

La mentira tiene las piernas cor- 
tas, Sp. A lie has short legs. 

La poverta e la madre di tutte le 
arti, It. Poverty is the mother 
of all arts. 

La speranza e il pan de miseri, It. 
Hope is the poor man's bread. 

Las riquezas sou bagajes de lafor- 
tuna, It. Eiches are the bag- 
gage of Fortune. 

Lauda la maglie e tienti donzello, 
It. Commend a wife, but re- 
main a bachelor. 

Libretto, It. A little book or 
pamphlet. 

Locos y ninos, dizen la verdad, 
Sp. Children and fools 
truth. 

Maggior 1 fretta minor atto, It. 

The more haste the worse 

speed. 
Mas vale saber que haber, Sp. 

Better be wise than rich. 
Mas vale ser necio que porsiado, 

Sp. Better be a fool than ob- 
stinate. 
Mas vale tarde que nunca, Sp. 

Better late than never. 
Mi date creta per casio, It. You 

give me chalk for cheese. 
Mucho en el suelo, poco en el 

Cielo, Sp. Much on earth, 

little in Heaven. 

Natura lo fece, e poi ruppe la 
stampa, It. Nature made him 
and then broke the mold. 

No ay cerradura si es de oro la 
ganzua, Sp. There is no lock 
but a golden key will open it. 



No es todo oro lo que reluze, Sp. 
All is not gold that glitters. 

Non far il medico tuo herede, 
It. Never make your physi- 
cian your heir. 

Nulla nuova, buona nuova, It. 
The best news is no news. 

Offrecer mucho, especie es de 
negar, Sp. To offer much is a 
kind of denial. 

Ogni uno per si medesimo, e Dio 
por tutti, It. Every man for 
himself and God for us all. 

Olla podrida, Sp. An incongruous 
mixture. 

Per troppo dibatter la verita si 

perde, It. Truth is lost by too 

much controversy. 
Pietra mossa non fa muschio, It. 

A rolling stone gets no moss. 
Piu tosto mendicante che igno- 

ranti, It. Better be a beggar 

than ignorant. 
Poca robba, -poco pensiero, It. 

Little wealth, little care. 
Presto maduro, presto podrida, 

Sp. Soon ripe, soon rotten. 
Presto maturo, presto marzo, It. 

Soon ripe, soon rotten. 
Pronunciamento, Sp. A public 

declaration. 

Questo vento no cribra la biada, 

It. This wind shakes no corn. 
Quien mucho abraza poco aprieta, 

Sp. Who grasps too much, 

holds little. 
Quien pregunta, no yerra, Sp. 

Who asks errs not. 

Eecoje tu heno mientras que el 
sol luziere, Sp. Make hay while 
the sun shines. 



Eemuda de pasturage haze bizer- 
ros gordos* Sp. Change of pas- 
ture makes fat calves. 

Saggio fanciullo e chi cognosce il 

suo vero padre, It. He is a 

wise child who knows his own 

father. 
Sempreil mal non vien per nno- 

cere, It. Misfortune does not 

always come to injure. 
Se non e vero, e ben trovato, It. 

If not true, 'tis well feigned. 
Soccorso non venne mai tanli, 

It. Help never comes too late. 
Songes sont mensonges, Fr. 

Dreams are lies. 
Stavo bene, ma, per star meglio, 

sto qui, It. I was well, but 

wishing to be better, I am here. 

Tanto buon, che val niente, It. 
So good as to be good for no- 
thing. 

Tomava la por rosa, mas devenia 
cardo, It. I took her for a rose, 
but she proved a thorn. 

Troppo disputare la verita fa er- 
rare, It, Too much dispute puts 
truth to flight. 

Una scopa nuova spazza bene, It. 

A new broom sweeps clean. 
Una volta forfante, e sempre for- 

fante, It. Once a knave, always 

a knave. 
Un cabello haze sombra. Sp. The 

least hair makes a shadow. 

Vera prosperita e non haver ne- 
cessity, It. Tis true prosperity 
to have no adversity. 

Verdad es verde, Sp. Truth is 
green. 



MOTTOES OF THE UNITED STATES 



U. S. E pluribus unum, one 

composed of many. 
Alabama. (No motto.) 
Arkansas. Eegnant populi, the 

people rule. 
California. Eureka, I have 

found it. 
Carolina, N. (No motto.) 
Carolina, S. Animis opibus que 

parati, ever ready with our 

lives and. property. 
Connecticut. Qui transtulit, 

sustinet, He who brought us 

hither, still preserves. 
Delaware. Liberty and inde- 
pendence. 
Florida. In God is our trust. 
Georgia. Wisdom, justice, and 

moderation. 
Illinois. State sovereignty and 

national union. 



Indiana. (No motto.) 

Iowa. Our liberties we prize, 
and our rights we will main- 
tain. 

Kentucky. United we stand, 
divided we fall. 

Louisiana. Union and confi- 
dence. 

Maine. Dirigo, I direct. 

Massachusetts. Ense petit pla- 
cidam sub libertate quietem, by 
his sword he seeks the calm 
repose of liberty. 

Maryland. Industry the means, 
and plenty the result. 

Michigan. Si quaeris peninsulam 
amoenam, circumspice, if thou 
seekest a beautiful peninsula, 
behold it here. 

Missouri. Salus populi suprema 



lex, the welfare of the people is 
the first great law. 

Mississippi. (No motto.) 

New Hampshire. (No mot- 
to.) 

New Jersey. Liberty and In- 
dependence. 

New York. Excelsior, more 
elevated ; omvard. 

Ohio. (No motto.) 

Pennsylvania. Virtue, Liberty, 
and Independence. 

Ehode Island. In God we 
hope. 

Tennessee. (No motto.) 

Texas. (No motto.) 

Vermont. Liberty and Inde- 
pendence. 

Virginia. Sic semper tyrannis, 
so be it ever to tyrants. 



ABBREVIATIONS EXPLAINED. 


A. or Ans. Answer. 


Capt. Captain. 


E. N. E. East-Northeast. 


A. Adjective. [Academy. 


C. A. S. Fellow of the Connecti- 


Eng. England; English. 


A. A. S. Fellow of the American 


cut Academy. 


Ep. Epistle. 
Eph. Ephesians. 


A. B. (Artium Baccalaureus), 


Cash. Cashier. 


Bachelor of Arts. 


C. B. Companion of the Bath. 


E. S. E. East-Southeast. 


Abbr. Abbreviated. 


C. E. Canada East; Civil Engi- 


Esq. Esquire. 

Et al. (Et (din). And others. 


A. B. C. F. M American Board 


neer. 


of Commissioners for Foreign 


Cent. (Centum), A hundred. 


Etc. (Et ca'iera). And so forth. 


Mi-sions. 


C. H. Court-House. 


Ex. Example; Exception; Exo- 


Abp. Archbishop. [Christ. 


Ch. Church. 


dus. 


A. C. (Ante Christum), Before 


Chap. Chapter. 


Exc. Excellency. 


Acct. Account. [Society. 


Chem. Chemistry. 


Exr. Executor. 


A. C* S. American Colonization 


Chron. Chronicles. 


Ezek. Ezekiel. 


A. D. (Anno Domini), In the 


CI. Clerk. 




year of our Lord. 


C. J. Chief-Justice. 


F. France ; Florin 


Ad. Adverb. 


Co. Company; County. 


Fahr. Fahrenheit. 


Adj. Adjutant. 


Cochl. (Cochleare), A* spoonful. 


Feb. February. 


Adm. Admiral. 


Col. Colonel; Colossians. 


Fern. Feminine. 


Admr. Administrator. 


Coll. College. 


Fig. Figure. 


JEt. Aged. 


Com. Commissioner ; Commo- 


Flor. or Fa. Florida. 


A. F. B. S. American and For- 


dore; Committee; Commerce. 


Fo. Folio. 


eign Bible Society. 


Con. (Contra), In opposition. 


Fr. France ; Francis ; French. 


A. H. M. S. American Home 


Cong. Congress. 


F. R. S. Fellow of the Eoyal So- 


Missionary Society. 


Conn, or Ct. Connecticut. 


ciety. * [Arts. 


Ala. Alabama. 


Const. Constable. 


F. S. A. Fellow of the Society of 


Alt. Altitude. 


Cor. Corinthians. 


Ft. Feet; Foot; Fort. 


A. M. (Artium JIagister), Mas- 


C. P. Common Pleas. 


Fth. Fathom. 


ter or Arts. (Ante meridiem), 


C. P. S. Keeper of the Privy Seal. 


Fur. Furlong. 


Before noon. (Anno 3Iundi), 


Cr. Credit or Creditor. 




In the year of the world. 


Crim. Con. Criminal Conversa- 


Ga. Georgia. 


Am. American. 


tion, or Adultery. 


Gal. Galatians. 


Amt. Amount. 


C. S. (Custos Sigilli), Keeper of 


Gall. Gallons. 


An. (Anno), In the year. 


the Seal. [Court. 
Ct. Cent. ; Connecticut ; Count ; 


G. B. Great Britain. 


Ana, In medicine, in like quan- 


Gen. Genesis; General. 


tity. 


Cts. Cents. 


Gent. Gentlemen. 


Anat. Anatomy. 


C. W. Canada West. 


Geo. George; Georgia. 


Anon. Anonymous. 


Cwt. A hundred weight. 


Geol. Geology. 


Apr. April. 




Geom. Geometry. 


Ap. Apostle. 


D. (Denarius), A penny. 


Ger. German. 


Ar. Arabic. 


Dan. Danish ; Daniel. 


Gov. Governor. 


Arch. Architecture. 


D. C. District of Columbia. 


G. M. Grand Master. [King. 


Ark. Arkansas. 


D. C. L. Doctor of Civil Law. 


G. E. (Georgius Rex), George the 


A. S. Anglo-Saxon. 


D. D. (Divinitatis Doctor), Doc- 


Gr. Greek; Grains. 


A. S. S. XT. American Sunday 


tor of Divinity. 


Gram. Grammar; Gross. 


School Union. 


Dea. Deacon. 




Att. Attorney. 


Dec. December. 


IT. or Hr. Hour. [Majesty. 
H. B. M. His or Her Britannic 


Atty. Gen. Attorney General. 
A. XT. C. (Anno Urbis Conditce), 


Deg. Degree. 


Del. Delaware ; Delegate. 


H. C. M His or Her Catholic 


In the year from the building 


Del. (Delineavii, he drew it.) 


Majesty. 


of the city, i. e. Eome. 


Engraved on a copper plate, 


Heb. Hebrews. 


Aug. August. 


with the name of the drafts- 


Hil. Hilarv. 




man. 


Hhd. Hogshead. 


B. A. Bachelor of Arts ; British 


Den. Denmark. 


Hist. History. 


America. 


Dept. Department. 


Hon. Honorable. 


Bal. Balance. 


Deut. Deuteronomy. 


H. E. H. His Royal Highness. 


Bart, or Bt. Baronet. 


D. G. (Dei gratia), By the grace 


H. R. House of Representatives. 
II. S. (Hie situs), Here lies. 


Bbl. Barrel. 


of God. 


B. C. Before Christ. 


Diet. Dictionary; Dictator. 


H. S. S. Fellow of the Historical 


B. C. L. Bachelor of Civil Law. 


Dist. District. 


Society. 


B. D. Bachelor of Divinity. 


Do. Ditto ; the same. 


Hund. Hundred. 


Bd. Bound. 


Dolls. Dollars. 




Bk Bank; Book. 


Doz. Dozen. 


I. or Isl. Island. 


B. L. Bachelor of Laws. 


D. P. Doctor in Philosophy. 


la. Indiana. [same place. 


B. M. Bachelor of Medicine. 


Dr. Debtor; Doctor. 


lb. or Ibid. (Ibidem), In the 


Bot. Botany. 


D. V. (Deo xolente), God willing. 


Id. (Idem), The same. 


Bp. Bishop. [Virgin. 


Dwt. Pennyweight. 


I. e. (Id est), That is. 


B. V. (Beata Virgo), Blessed 




I. H. S. (Jesus Ilominum Salva- 




E. East; Earl. 


tor), Jesus the Savior of men. 


C. (Centum), A hundred;cent ; 


Eccl. Ecclesiastes. 


111. Illinois. 


centime. 


Eccles. Ecclesiasticus. 


Incog. (Incognito), Unknown. 
In. Inch. 


C. or Cap. (Caput), Chapter. 


Ed. Edition; Editor. 


C. or Cent. (Centum), A hundred. 


E. E. Errors Excepted. 


In loc. (in loco), In the place. 


Cal. California; Calendar. 


E. F. East Florida. [example. 


Ind. Indiana. 


Cant. Canticles 


E. G. (Exempli gratia), For 


Inst. Instant — the present month. 


Cap. Capital. 


E. I. East Indies. 


Int. Interest. 


Caps. Capitals. 


Encyc. Encyclopedia. 


lo. Iowa. 



604 ABBREVIATIONS EXPLAINED. 


I. 0. of 0. F. Independent Order 


M. D. (Medicinal Doctor), Doc- 


Phila. Philadelphia; Philomath, 


of Odd Fellows. 


tor of Physic. 


a lover of the mathematics. 


Isa. Isaiah. 


Md. Maryland. 


Pk. Peck. 


It. Italian; Italy. 


M. E. Methodist Episcopal. 


PI. or Plur. Plural. 


Itin. Itinerary. 


Me. Maine. 


P. M. (Post Meridiem), After- 




Med. Medicine. 


noon. 


J. Judge. 


Mem. (Memento), Eemember ; 


P. M. Post-Master. 


Jac. Jacob. 


Memorandum. [Sirs. 


P. M. G. Post-Master-General. 


Jas. James. 


Messrs. (Messieurs), Gentlemen; 


P. 0. Post-Office. 


Jam. Jamaica. 


M. H. S. Massachusetts Histori- 


Pop. Population. 


Jan. January. 


cal Society. 


PP. or pp. Pages. 


J. H. S. (Jesus Hominum Salva- 


Mich. Michigan. 
Min. Mineralogy. 


P. P. C. (Pour prendre conge), 


tor), Jesus, Savior of Mankind. 


To take leave. 


Jno. John. 


Minn. Minnesota. 


Pr. By the. 


Jona. Jonathan. 


Miss, or Mi. Mississippi. 


Prep. Preposition. 


Jos. Joseph. 


MM. Messieurs; Gentlemen. 


Pres. President. • 


Josh. Joshua. 


Mo. Missouri; Month. 


Pret. Preterit. 


J. P. Justice of the Peace. 


M. P. Member of Parliament. 


Pro. For; In favor of. 


Jr. or Jun. Junior. 


Mr. Master or Mister. 


Prob. Problem. 


Jul. July. 

Jul. P. Julian Period. 


Mrs. Mistress. 


Prof. Professor. 


MS. Manuscript (dfemoriai sa- 


Pron. Pronoun ; pronunciation. 




crum), Sacred to the memory. 
MSS. Manuscripts. 


Prop. Proposition. 


K. King. 


Prot. Protestant. 


K. A. Knight of St. Andrew. 


Mt. Mount or Mountain. 


Pro tern. (Pro tempore), For the 


Kan. Kanzas. [Bench. 


Mus. Music; Museum. 


time being. 


K. B. Knight of the Bath ; King's 




Prov. Proverbs. 


K. C. Knight of the Crescent; 


N. North ; Note ; Number. 


Prox. (Proximo), Next. 

P. S. (Post scriptuni), Postscript. 


King's Council. [the Bath. 
K. C. B. Knight Commander of 


N. A. North America. 


Nat. Natural. 


Ps. Psalms. 


Ky. Kentucky. 


Nath. Nathanael. 


Pub. Public; Published. 


K. G. Knight of the Garter. 

K. G. C. Knight of the Grand 


N. B. (Jffbia Bene), Note well; 


Pwt. Pennyweight. 


Take notice. 




Cross. 


N. C, North Carolina. 


Q. or Qu. Question. 


K. G. C. B. Knight of the Grand 


N. E. Northeast ; New England. 


Q. B. Queen's Bench. 


Cross of the Bath. 


Neb. Nebraska. 


Q. C. Queen's Council. 


K. M. Knight of Malta. 


Nem. Con. (Nemine Contradi- 


Q. D. (Quasi dicat), As if he 


Kt. Knight. 


cente), No one contradicting; 


should say. 


K. T. Knight of the Thistle. 


Unanimously. 


Q. E. D. (Quod erat demonstran- 




Nem. Diss. (Nemine Dissenti- 


dum), Which was to be demon- 


L. Lady ; Latin ; Lord. 


ente), No one dissenting. 


strated. 


L. (Liber), Book. 

L. lb. (Libra), A pound in weight. 


Neth. Netherlands. 


Q. E. F. (Quod erat faciendum), 


N. H. New Hampshire. 


"Which was to be done. 


L. 1. or £. A pound sterling. 


N. J. New Jersey. 


Q. L. (Quantum libet), As much 


La. Louisiana. 


N. Lat. North Latitude. 


as you please. 
Qr. Quarter. 


Lat. Latin ; Latitude. 


N. N. E. North-Northeast. 


L. C. Lower Canada ; Lord Chan- 


N. N. W. North-Northwest. 


Qrs. Farthings. 


cellor. 


No. (Numero), Number. 


Q. S. (Quantum sufficit), A suffi- 


L. C. or 1. c. (Loco citato), In the 


Nom. Nominative. 


cient quantity. 


place before cited. 


Nov. November. 


Qt. Quart. 


Ld. Lord. 


N. P. New Providence. 


Qu ? (Quaere), Query. 


Ldp. Lordship. 


N. S. Nova Scotia; New Style. 


Q. V. (Quod vide), Which see. 


Legis. Legislature. 


Num. Numbers. 


Q. V. (Quantum vis), As much 


Lev. Leviticus. 


N. T. New Testament. 


as you will. 


L. I. Long Island. 


N. W. Northwest. 




Lieut. Lieutenant. 


N. Y. New York. 


E. (Rex), King ; (Regina), Queen. 


LL. B. (Leg urn Baccalaureus), 


N. Y. H. S. New York Histori- 


E. A. Eoyal Academy or Acade- 


Bachelor of Laws. 


cal Society. 


mician ; Eoyal Artillery. 


LL. D. (Legum Doctor), Doctor 




Eec. or E. Eecipe. 


of Laws. 


0. Ohio. 


Eec'd. Eeceived. 


Lon. Longitude. 


Ob. (Obiit). Died. 


Eec. Sec. Eecording Secretary. 


Lond. London. 


Obj. Objective; Objection. 


Eect. Eector; Eeceipt. 


Lou. or La. Louisiana. 


Obt. Obedient. 


Eef. Eeformed. 


L. S. (Locus Sigilli), Place of 


Oct. October. 


Eeg. Eegister ; Eegular. 


the Seal. 


0. F. Odd Fellows. 


Eegt. Eegiment. 




Ord. Ordnance. 


Eep. Eepresentative ; Eepublic. 


M. Marquis; Meridian; Mile; 


0. S. Old Style. ' 


Eev. Bevelations; Eeverend. 


Monsieur; Morning; (Mille), 


0. T. Old Testament. 


Ehet. Ehetoric. 


Thousand. 


Oxon. (Oxonia), Oxford. 


E. I. Ehode Island. 


M. A. (Artium Magister), Mas- 


Oz. Ounces. 


E. N. Eoyal Navy. 


ter of Arts ; Military Academy. 




Eobt. Eobert. 


Mac. Maccabees. 


P. or p. Page ; Pint ; Pipe. 
Pa. Pennsylvania. 


Eom. Eomans. 


Mad. Madam. 


Eom. Cath. Eoman Catholic. 


Mai. Major. 


Pari. Parliament. 


E. E. Eailroad. 


Mai. Malachi. 


Pay't. Payment. 


Et. Eight. 


Mas. Masculine. 


Pd. Paid. 


Et. Hon. Eight Honorable. 


Mass. Massachusetts. 


P. E. Protestant Episcopal. 


Et. Eev. Eight Eeverend. 
Et. Wpful. Eight Worshipful. 


Math. Mathematics. 


Penn. Pennsylvania. 


Matt. Matthew. 


Per or pr. By the ; as, per yard. 




M. B. (Medicince Baccalau- 


Per an. (Per annum), By the 


S. Seconds ; Shilling ; Sign ; 


reus), Bachelor of Physic. 


year. [hundred. 


South. 


M. B. (Musicaz Baccalaureus), 


Per ct. (Per centum), By the 


S. A. South America. 


Bachelor of Music. 


Pet. Peter. 


Sans. Sanscrit. 


M. C. Member of Congress. 


Phil. Philip ; Philippians. 


Sam. Samuel. 



A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE HEATHEN DEITIES, HEROES, ETC. CC5 



Sax. Saxon. 

S. C. South Carolina. [ed. 

Sc. or Sculp. (Sculpsit), Engrav- 

Schr. Schooner. 

Scil. (Scilicet), To wit; Namely. 

S. E. Southeast. 

Sec. Secretary. 

Sect. Section. 

Sen. Senator; Senior. 

Sept. September; Septuagint. 

Serj. Sergeant. 

Serv. Servant. 

Sing. Singular. 

S. Lat. South Latitude. 

Sol. Solomon; Solution. 

Sp. Spain: Spanish 

S. P. G. Society for the Propa- 
gation of the Gospel. 

S. P. Q. R. (Senatus, Populus- 
que Romani), Senate and Peo- 
ple of Rome. 

Sq. Square. 

Sq. Ft. Square Feet. 

Sq. M. Square miles. 

Sr. Sir or Senior. 

SS. (Scilicet), Namely. 

S. S. E. South-Southeast. 

S. S. W. South-Southwest. 

St. Saint; Street. 

S. T. D. (Sacrce Theologian Doc- 
tor), Doctor of Divinity. 

S. T. P. (Sacrce, Theologian Pro- 
fessor), Professor of Theology. 

Sup. Superior. 

Surg. Surgeon. 

Sup. C. Superior Court. 

S. W. Southwest. 

Syr. Syria. 

T. Town; Territory. 



Tenn. Tennessee. 

Text Rec. Received Text. 

Theo. Theodore. 

Theol. Theology. 

Theor. Theorem. 

Thess. Thessalonians. 

Tho's. Thomas. 

Tim. Timothy. 

Tit. Titus; Title. [Treasurer. 

Tr. Translation ; Transpose ; 

T. T. L. To Take Leave. 

Turk. Turkey. 

Typ. Typographer. 

U. C. Upper Canada. [month. 

Ult. (Ultimo), Last, or the last 

U. S. United States. ( Uti supra), 
As above. 

U. S. A. United States of Ameri- 
ca ; United States Army. 

U. S. M. A. United States Mili- 
tary Academy. 

U. S. N. United States Navy. 

U. S. S. United States Senate. 

V. ( Vide), See ; Verse. 
Va. Virginia. 

V. D. M. Verbi Dei Minister. 
V. i. Verb intransitive. 
Vis. Viscount. [wit. 

Viz. (Videlicet), Namely; To 
Vol. Volume. 
Vols. Volumes. 
V P. Vice President. 
V. R. ( VictoHa Regina), Queen 
Victoria. [sition. 

Vs. ( Versus), Against ; In oppo- 
Vt. Vermont. 
V. t. Verb transitive. 



W. Vest. 

"Wed. Wednesday. 

W. P. West Florida. 

Wk. Week. 

W. I. West Indies. 

Wis. Wisconsin. 

W. Lon. West Longitude. 

Wm. William. 

W. N. W. West-Northwest. 

W. S. Writer to the Signet. 

W. S. W. West-Southwest. 

Wp. Worship. 

W. T. Wisconsin Territory. 

Wt. Weight. 



Xmas. Christmas. 
Xn. Christian. 
Xnty. Christianity. 
Xper. Christopher. 
Xt. Christ 



Y. Tear. 
Yd. Yard. 
Yds. Yards. 
Ye. The. 
Ym. Them. 
Yn. Then. 
Yr. Your. 
Yrs. Yours. 
Ys. This. 
Yt. That. 

Zech. Zechariah. 
Zeph. Zephaniah. 
Zool. Zoology. 

&. And. 

&c. (Et coztera), And so forth. 



A CONCISE ACCOUNT 



HEATHEN DEITIES, HEROES, & 



Ab'a-ris, A Scythian priest of 
Apollo. 

Ab-re-ta'nus, A surname of Jupi- 
ter. 

A-ean'tha, A nymph beloved by 
Apollo. 

A-ceVtes, A king of Sicily, who en- 
tertained ^Eneas and Anchises. 

A-ehas'men-Gs, The founder of 
the Persian monarchy. 

A-elue'us, Son of Xuthus, from 
whom the Achteans, a Grecian 
tribe, were descended. 

A-eha'tes, A trusty friend of 
jEneas. 

Aeh'e-ron, Son of Sol and Terra, 
transformed into a river in the 
infernal regions. 

A-ehil'les, Son of Peleus, distin- 
guished for his warlike prowess, 
and invulnerable except in his 
right heel ; but at length slain 
by Paris, in the Trojan war. 

A-ci-dali-a, A surname of Venus, 
from 

A-cid'a-lus, A fountain at Orcho- 
menus, where the Graces 
bathed. 



Ae'mon, A king of the Titans. 

Ae-ta?'on, A celebrated hunter, 
who, having seen Diana bath- 
ing, was changed into a stag 
and hunted down by his own 
hounds. 

Ad-man-t^'a, Jupiter's nurse in 
Crete, who suspended him in 
his cradle from a tree, that he 
might be found neither in hea- 
ven, in the sea, nor on the 
earth. 

Ad-mC'tus, A king of Thessaly 
and husband of Alcestis, so fa- 
mous for her conjugal heroism. 

A-do'nis, A youth famed for his 
beauty and beloved by Ve- 
nus. 

JE'a-cus, Son of Jupiter and 
J3gina, famed for his justice and 
piety. After death he was 
made one of the judges in the 
infernal regions. 

iE-ge'ri-a, See Egeria. 

iE-ge'us, A king" of Athens, who 
gave its name to the ^Esrean 
sea, by being drowned in it. 

JE-gi'na, Daughter of the river 



Asopus, a, favorite mistress of 
Jupiter. 

^E'gis, The shield of Jupiter. 

iE'gle, I. One of the Hesperides. 
II. The fairest of the Na- 
iads. 

iE-gyp'tus, A king of Arabia, 
whose fifty sons, with the ex- 
ception of Synceus, were slain 
by their wives, the daughters 
of Danaus. 

iE-ne'as, A Trojan warrior, son 
of Venus and Anchises, cele- 
brated by Virgil in his jEneid. 
He is distinguished for his pious 
care of his father at the capture 
of Troy; and his adventures 
form the subject of Virgil's 
^Eneid. 

^E'o-lus, The god or ruler of the 
winds, who resided in the Ju- 
lian isles. 

iEs-eu-la'pi-us, Son of Apollo 
and god of the healing art. 

_*E-thal'i-des, A son of Mercury, 
permitted to spend one day in 
Hades, and the next upon 
earth, alternately. 



606 A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE HEATHEN DEITIES, HEROES, ETC. 



iE-tolus, A son of Endymion, 
from whom iEtolia was named. 

Ag-a-mern'non, brother of Mene- 
laus, and commander of the 
Grecian forces against Troy. 

Ag-a-nip'pe, A fountain at the 

_ foot of Mt. Helicon. 

-A/jax, One of the bravest of the 
Greeks in the Trojan war, a 
man of great valor, but without 
corresponding powers of intel- 
lect. 

Al'bi-on, A giant, who with his 
brother Bergion, endeavored to 
prevent Hercules from crossing 
the Ehone. 

Al-ces'tis, Wife of Admetus, 
brought back from Hell by 
Hercules. 

Al-ci'des, A name of Hercules. 

Ale-me'na, Wife of Amphitryon, 
and mother of Hercules by 
Jupiter._ 

Al-cy'o-ne, A daughter of ^Eolus, 
who drowned herself in grief 
for her husband, and was turned 
into a king-fisher. 

A-lee'to, One of the Furies. 

Am'mon, A title of Jupiter. 

Arn-phi / on, A Theban prince who 
cultivated the art of music with 
great success. 

Am-phi-tri'te, Daughter of Ne- 
reus and Doris, and spouse of 
Neptune. 

Am'y-cus, A king of the Bebry- 
cians, who used to invite stran- 
gers into a wood under a false 
pretense, and there slay them. 

An-cae'us, A king of the Samians, 
who, leaving a cup of wine un- 
tasted to pursue a boar by 
which he was killed, gave rise 
to the proverb " There's many 
a slip 'twixt the cup and the 
lip." 

An-€hl / se$, The father of ^Ene- 
as. 

An-drom'a-che, The wife of Hec- 
tor, distinguished for her do- 
mestic virtues. 

An-drom'e-da, Daughter of Ce- 
pheus. Her mother, Cassiope, 
having boasted herself fairer 
than Juno, she was exposed to 
a sea-monster, but -rescued by 
Perseus. 

An-tas'us, A monarch of Libya, 
of gigantic size and strength, 
slain by Hercules. 

An'te-ros, The god who avenges 
slighted love. 

A-ntVbis, An Egyptian god, wor- 
shiped under the form of a 
dog. 

Ap-a-tu'ri-a, I. A festival at 
Athens. II. A title of Minerva. 

Aph-ro-dI / te, The Greek name of 

_ Venus. 

A/pis, The Egyptian god of in- 
dustry, worshiped under the 
form of an ox. 

A-pono, A deity of the Greeks 
and Eomans, who presided over 
the muses. He was also god 
of medicine, divination, and 
poetry. 

A-raeh'ne, A Ma?onian maiden, 
who challenged Minerva to a 
trial of skill in embroidery, 
and, being insulted by her, 
killed herself, and was changed 
into a spider. 



A-re-op'a-gus, The court of Mars 
at Athens. 

Ar-e-thu'sa, Daughter of Nereus, 
a nymph of great beauty, 
changed into a fountain when 
pursued by her lover, Alpheus. 

A-ri-ad'ne, Daughter of Minos, 
king of Crete, who, for the love 
she bore to Theseus, gave him 
a clew of thread which guided 
him safely out of the labyrinth 
of Crete. 

A-ri'on, A famous musician and 
lyric poet of Methymna. 

Ar-is-ta/us, A son of Apollo' and 
Cyrene, who discovered the use 
of honey, rennet, oil, &c. 

As-cal'a-phus, A son of Acheron, 
who, having asserted that Pro- 
serpine had eaten a pomegra- 
nate-seed in the kingdom of 
Pluto, was turned into an owl, 
for mischief-making. 

As-tra^a, The goddess of justice. 

As-ty'a-nax, Son of Hector and 
Andromache, slain by the 

_ Greeks at Troy. 

A'te, The goddess of revenge. 

At'las, A Titan and king of "Mau- 
ritania, who is said to have sup- 
ported the world on his shoul- 
ders, and was changed into a 
mountain. 

At'ro-pos, One of the Parca?. 
Her duty among the three sis- 
ters is to cut the thread of life. 

Au'ge-as, One of the Argonauts, 
and afterward king of Elis. 
His stables were the scene of 
the fifth labor of Hercules, who 
cleansed them from enormous 
filth, by turning a river through 
them. 

Au-ro'ra, The goddess of morn- 
ing. 

Bae'ehus, The god of wine. 

Bel-ler'o-phon, Son of Glaucus, 
king of Ephyra, who, being 
falsely accused by the wife of 
Proetus. king of the Argives, 
was sent with a letter from 
Prcetus to his father-in-law, 
commanding him to put the 
bearer to death. Hence, " Bel- 
lerophontis litterse." 

Bel-lo'na, The goddess of war, 
daughter of Phorcys and Ceto, 
and sister of Mars. 

Ber-e-m'ce, A Grecian female, 
the only one of her sex who 
was permitted to witness the 
_01ympic games. 

Bi'ceps and Bi'Trons, Names of 
Janus, because represented 
with two faces. 

Bith'i-se, Women of Scythia, said 
to have two apples in each eye, 
with which to bewitch and kill 
people. 

Bo'na De'a, A name given by the 
Eomans to Ops or Tellus, wor- 
shiped by the Eoman ma- 
trons, every thing relating to 
the other sex being carefully 
excluded. 

Bri-a're-us or Bri'a-reus, A fa- 
mous giant, feigned to have had 
a hundred hands and fifty 
heads. 

Bri-sC'is, A beautiful lady, who, 
at the capture of Lvrnessus, 
fell to the lot of Achilles. 



Bri-se'us, A name of Bacchus to 
signify the discoverer of honey. 

Bron'tes, One of the Cyclops, 
who forged Jove's thunder- 
bolts. 

Bu-si'ris, A king of Egypt, who, 
in consequence of an oracle, 
offered up strangers on the altar 
of Jupiter. Slain by Hercules. 

Byb'lis, The daughter of Miletus, 
who loved her brother, and be- 
ing avoided by him, wept her- 
self into a fountain. 

€a-bi'ra or €a-bi'ri, A wife of 
Vulcan. 

€a-bi'ri, The offspring of Cabira, 
worshiped at Thebes and Lem- 
nos. 

€a'€us, A noted robber, fabled to 
have had three heads, who stole 
the oxen of Hercules. 

Cad'mus, The son of Agenor, 
who, searching in vain for his 
sister Europa, and being afraid 
to return without her, remained 
in Greece and invented sixteen 
letters of the Greek alphabet. 

€a-du'ce-us, Mercury's golden 
rod, represented by the Egyp- 
tians in the form of two ser- 
pents, knit together in the mid- 

€al^-has, A famous soothsayer, 
and prophet of the Greeks in 
the Trojan war. 

Cal-li'o-pe, Mother of Orpheus, 
and chief of the nine muses. 

■Cal-lis'to, A nymph who attend- 
ed Diana, changed by her into 
a bear, and placed by Jupiter 
among the stars. 

■Ca-lyp'so, A nymph who reigned 
in the island of Ogygia, and en- 
tertained Ulysses for eight 
years. 

Ca-mil'la, A warlike queen of the 
Volscians, slain in the war with 
iEneas. 

Ca-mce'na?, A title of the Muses. 

■Car-y-tVlis, A title of Diana, as 
worshiped at Carya. 

Cas-san'dra, Daughter of Priam 
and Hecuba, whose prophecies 
the Trojans refused to believe. 

€as-tal / i-des, A name given to 
the Muses, from 

■Cas-tMi-us Eons, A celebrated 
fountain on mount Parnassus. 

Ce/erops, The founder and king 
of Athens, who first instituted 
lawful marriage and the inter- 
ment of the dead. 

Cen-tau'ri (Cen'taurs), A Thes- 
salian race, fabled to have been 
half men and half horses. 

Ce'phe-us, A king of Ethiopia, 
father of Andromeda. 

Ceribe-rus, The three headed dog 
of Pluto, which guarded the 
gate of Hades. 

Ce'res, The goddess of grain and 
harvests. 

■ehar^-tes, A name applied to the 
three Graces. 

{Sha'ron, The son of Erebus and 
Nox, who ferried the souls of 
the dead over the rivers Ache- 
ron and Styx to Hades. 

Chi-m^ra, A fabulous monster, 
slain by Bellerophon. 

■Chlf/ris, The goddess of flowers. 

Cir'ce, A noted sorceress, who, by 



A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE HEATHEN DEITIES, HEROES, ETC. 607 



means of an enchanted cup, 
turned men into swine. 

•eii'o, The Muse who presided 
over history, represented with 
a half-opened roll. 

€lo-a-ci'na, A Eoman goddess 
who presided over the sewers. 

Clo'tho, The youngest of the 
three fates. 

C(B'liis, One of the earlier deities, 
and the spouse of Terra. 

CVmus. The god of festivals and 
merriment. 

■£\Vpi-a. The Eoman goddess of 
plenty. 

Cro'on, A king of Thebes, who 
promised his sister Jocasta in 
marriage to whoever would ex- 
pound the riddle of the Sphinx. 

Cu'pid, The son of Mars and Ve- 
nus. The god of love. 

Cyb'e-le, The wife of Saturn, 
"called the mother of the gods. 

Cy'clops, Giants of enormous 
strength, who worked for Vul- 
can. They had but one eye, in 
the middle of the forehead. 

Cye'nus. A son of Neptune, whom 
his father had made invulner- 
able. He was strangled by 
Achilles. Also, a son of Mars, 
killed by Hercules. 

Cyp-a-ris'sus. A youth beloved by 
Apollo, who, having by acci- 
dent slain a favorite stag, was 
changed, through grief, into a 
cypress. 

D?ed'a-lus, A famous artificer of 
antiquity, said to have con- 
structed wings, with which to 
escape from the Cretan laby- 
rinth. 

Dan'a-e, Daughter of Acrisius, 
and mother of Perseus. 

Da-na'i-dee, The fifty daughters 
of Danaus, all of whom7 with 
the exception of Hypermnes- 
tra, slew their husbands on 
their wedding night; for which 
crime they were "doomed eter- 
nally to fill with water a tub 
pierced with holes. 

Daph'ne, A nymph beloved by 
Apollo, but who chose rather to 
be changed into a laurel than 
yield to his wishes. 

Dar'da-nus, Son of Jupiter and 
Electra, who, having slain his 
brother Jasius, fled "into Asia 
and founded the city of Troy. 

Dej-a-ni'ra, The wife of Hercu- 
les, who killed herself because 
she had sent to her husband a 
shirt dipt in the blood of the 
centaur Nessus : to escape the 
agony occasioned by which, he 
burnt himself on mount (Eta. 

De'li-a and De/li-us, Names of 
Diana and Apollo from Delos, 
where they were born. 

Del'phi, A city of Phocis, on the 
hill of Parnassus, where a cele- 
brated oracle of Apollo was. 

Deu-cR'li-on, Son of Prometheus, 
king of Thessaly, who, with his 
wife Pyrrha, was preserved in 
a smalt boat from a flood which 
drowned the rest of Greece, 
and landing on mount Parnas- 
sus, repeopled the country. 

Dl-it'na, The twin sister of Apollo, 
wiio, out of love for chastity, 



retired to the woods and spent 
her time in hunting, in com- 
pany with her nymphs. 

Di'do," A queen of Carthage, who 
killed herself because deserted 
by .Eneas. 

Di-o-meMes, A king of Thrace, 
whose horses fed on human 
flesh ; also a Grecian hero, who 
assisted Ulysses to carry off the 
Palladium "from Troy. 

Di-o'ne, A sea-nymph, and 
mother of Venus. 

Dl'rae, A name applied to the 
Furies on account of their 
cruelty. 

Dis-eor'di-a, The goddess of dis- 
content, banished from heaven 
for exciting divisions among 
the gods. 

Dry'a-des (Dry'ads), Nymphs 
who presided over the woods. 

E-ehi'on, One of those who as- 
sisted Cadmus to build Thebes. 

Eeb/6, A nymph who fell in love 
with Narcissus, but, being 
slighted by him, pined away to 
a skeleton, having nothing left 
but her voice. 

E-ge'ri-a, A nymph of Aricia. in 
Italy, the spouse and instruct- 
ress of Numa. 

El-eu-sin'i-a, Secret festivals, held 
at Athens in honor of Ceres, to 
which none were admitted who 
had been guilty of any noto- 
rious crime. 

E-lys'i-um, The place assigned for 
the residence of good men after 
death. 

En-dym'i-on, A shepherd whom 
Cynthia cast into a deep sleep 
that she might kiss him. 

E-pG'us, Son of Panopeus and 
fabricator of the wooden horse, 
by means of which Troy was 
taken. 

Eph-i-aFtes, A giant, the son of 
Neptune, who. with his brother 
Otus, was hurled by a thunder- 
bolt into the infernal regions, 
for waging war with heaven. 

E-ra'to, The Muse who sings of 
love and marriage. 

Er'e-bus, A dark and gloomy re- 
gion in the lower world," be- 
tween Earth and Hades. 

E-rig'o-ne, A daughter of Icarius, 
who killed herself through 
grief, because her father, having 
intoxicated some shepherds, 
was killed by them. 

Er-y-ci'na, A name of Venus, 
from mount Eryx, where she 
was worshiped. 

E-tc'si-a, The Etesian winds, 
which blew from the north for 
forty days after the setting of 
the Dog-star. 

Eu-men'i-dcs, A name of the 
Euries. 

Eu-ro'pa, The daughter of Age- 
nor, carried off into Crete by 
Jupiter under the form of "a 
white bull. 

Eu-ry'a-lG, The daughter of Mi- 
nos, king of Crete, and mother 
of Orion. 

Eu-ryd'i-cG, The wife of Orpheus. 
to regain whom he descended 
to the lower world. Pluto 
yielded to his prayer on condi- 



tion that he should not look 
upon her until they reached the 
light, which condition he was 
unable to fulfill, and was obliged 
to return without her. 
EQ-ter'pe, The Muse who pre- 
sides over music. 

Fab-u-li'nns, The god who 
teaches infants to speak. 

Fates, Goddesses who presided 
over human destiny. 

Fau'na, A goddess of the Latins. 
probably identical with the 
Bona Dea. 

Fau'ni (Fauns), Gods of the fields 
and woods ; the offspring of 

Fau'nus, A rural deity of the an- 
cient Latins. 

Feb-ru-iVli-a, A festival of purifi- 
cation, in the month of Febru- 
ary, which lasted twelve days. 

Fid'i-us Di-us, The god of honor 
and good faith. 

Flo'ra, The goddess of flowers 
and gardens. 

Fu'ries, The goddesses who 
avenge in the next world the 
sins committed in this. They 
are represented armed with 
snakes and lighted torches, 

Gallus, A youth beloved by 
Mars, and by him changed into 
a cock. 

Gan'y-mede, The son of Tros, 
and successor of Hebe as cup- 
bearer of the skies. 

G-e/ry-on, A giant, whose oxen, 
after he had killed their master, 
Hercules carried into Greece. 

Gor'di-us, A Phrygian husband- 
man, who tied the gordian knot, 
of which it was foretold that 
whoever loosed it should be- 
come king of all Asia. Alex- 
ander the' Great, being unable 
to disentangle it, cut the rope 
with his sword. 

Gor'gons. The daughters of Phor- 
cys and Ceto, who had power 
to change men into stone by 
their aspect only, and had 
dangling vipers instead of hair. 

Graces, Daughters of Jupiter 
and Eurynome, constantly in 
. attendance on Venus. 

6-y'ges, A king of Lydia; also a 
"shepherd, who found a rin :. by 
means of which he was render- 
ed invisible. 

Hades. The place of departed 
spirits, comprehending both 
Elysium and Tartarus. 

Har-py'we (Harpies). Winged 
monsters, having the faces of 
women, but the bodies, wings, 
and claws of birds of prey. 

HG'be, The goddess of youth, and 
cup-bearer to the gods, until 
superseded by Ganymede, on 
account of her awkwardness. 

Hee'a-te (Hecate), Goddess of the 
lower regions, the same with 
Luna in heaven and Diana on 
earth. 

Uee'tor, The son of Priam, and 
the bravest of the Trojans, but 
slain by Achilles, who dragged 
his body round the walls of 
Troy. 

HePe-na (Helen), A woman of 



608 A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE HEATHEN DEITIES, HEROES, ETC. 



surpassing beauty, who was the 
cause of the Trojan war by 
forsaking her husband Mene- 
laus, for Paris, son of Priam. 

Hel'e-nus, A son of Priam and 
Hecuba, spared by the Greeks 
on account of his skill in divi- 
nation. 

Hel'i-eon, A hill of Boeotia, sacred 
to Apollo and the muses. 

Her'eu-les, The son of Jupiter 
and Alcmena, celebrated for his 
great strength. 

Her'mse, Statues of Mercury, in 
use among the Athenians. 

Her'mes, Mercury among the 
Greeks. 

He'ro, A beautiful priestess of 
Venus at Sestus, and the mis- 
tress of Leander, who used to 
swim the Hellespont to meet 
her. In one of the excursions 
he was drowned. 

Hes-per'i-des, The daughters of 
Hesperus, who were command- 
ed by Juno to watch the trees 
bearing golden apples. 

Hip-pom'e-nes, A Grecian prince, 
who, by means of the golden 
apples of Venus, got the start 
of Atlanta in the race, and so 
won her. 

Hip-pf/na, The goddess of horses. 

Hy'a-dGs, Nymphs of Dodona, to 
whom Jnpiter confided the 
nurture of Bacchus. 

Hy'dra, A water-serpent with 
fifty heads, killed by Hercules 
in the marsh of Lerna. 

Hy-ge'ia, The goddess of health. 

Hy'men, The god of marriage 
and nuptial ceremonies. 

I-ae'ehus, A surname of the Gre- 
cian Bacchus. 

Ie'a-rus, Son of Daedalus, who 
escaped from Crete with his 
father, by means of wings, 
which fell to pieces when 
heated by the sun, so that he 
fell into the sea called after 
him, the Icarian sea. 

Flus, A son of Tros and Callir- 
hoe, from whom Troy was 
called Ilium. 

Fo, The daughter of Inachus, 
worshiped by the Egyptians 
under the name of Isis. 

Iph-i-ge-nPa, Daughter of Aga- 
memnon, who, when standing 
ready to be sacrificed to ap- 
pease the rage of Diana, was 
by that goddess carried off to 
Tauris and made a priestess. 

Fris, The messenger of Juno, 
who transformed her into a 
rainbow. 

Ix-i'on, The father of the cen- 
taurs. Having boasted an inti- 
macy with Juno, he was cast 
into hell and bound to an ever- 
revolving wheel. 

Jii'nus, The most ancient of the 
gods in Italy. He entertained 
Saturn on his arrival in that 
country, and introduced the 
use of wines, altars, and tem- 
ples. He is represented with 
two faces, looking backward 
and forward, to denote the past 
and the future. 



Ja'son, A prince of Thessaly, 

who, with the aid of Medea. 

brought away the golden fleece 

_from Colchis. 
Ju'no, Daughter of Saturn, and 

sister andfwife of 
Ju'pi-ter, The supreme god of the 

Eomans, and the father of men 

and gods; identical with the 

Grecian Zeus (Zeus). 

La'ius, Son of Labdacus, king of 
Thebes, and father of GMipus. 

LanPi-ae, Fabulous monsters, 
who assumed the most seduc- 
tive forms to insnare young 
persons, whom they devoured. 

La-oe'o-on, A Trojan priest, who, 
having offendedPallas by pierc- 
ing with his spear the wooden 
horse, when brought into Troy, 
was destroyed by serpents, to- 
gether with his two sons. 

LiPres, Gods of inferior power, 
who presided over houses and 
families. 

La-vin'i-a, The daughter of Lati- 
nus, who married ^Eneas, after 
his victory over Turnus. 

Le-an'der, A youth of Abydos, 
the lover of Hero. 

Le'da, The daughter of Thestius, 
said to have laid two eggs ; 
from one of which came Pollux 
and Helena, and from the other, 
Castor and Clytaemnestra. 

Ler'na, A famous marsh near 
Argos, where Hercules slew the 
fifty-headed Hydra. 

Le'the, A river of the lower 
world, whose waters caused a 
total forgetfulness of the past. 

Lu-cPna, The goddess of child- 
birth. 

Lu'ci-fer, The name of the planet 
Venus when seen in the morn- 
ing. 

Lu-per-cali-a, A festival of Pan 
in the month of February. 

Lu-per'ci, Priest of Pan. 

Ly-ea'on, A king of Arcadia, 
who, having served up for Ju- 
piter a Molossian hostage, was 
struck by lightning and turned 
into a wolf. 



Mars, The god of war. 

Mar'sy-as, A satyr, who, having 
challenged Apollo to a trial of 
skill in music, was defeated and 
flayed alive by him. 

Me-de'a, Daughter of jEetes, king 
of Colchis, "through whose as- 
sistance Jason secured the 
golden fleece. 

Me-du'sa, One of the three Gor- 
gons. 

Mel-ponPe-ne, The Muse who 
presided over sad and mournful 
subjects. 

Men-e-hVus, King of Sparta and 
husband of Helen, whose elope- 
ment caused the Trojan war. 

Men'tor, A faithful friend of 
Ulysses, and left in charge, by 
him, of his domestic affairs. 

Mer'cu-ry, The messenger of Ju- 
piter, the god of eloquence, the 
patron of merchants and 
thieves. 

MPdas, A foolish king, who en- 
treated Bacchus that every 



thing which he touched might 
be turned into gold. 

MPlo, A wrestler~who carried an 
ox the distance of a furlong. 

Mi-ner'va, The goddess of wisdom 
and the liberal arts. 

MPnos, A king and lawgiver of 
Crete; after death, made a 
judge in the lower regions. 

Mo'mus, The god of ridicule, who 
censured Venus herself on ac- 
count of the noise made by her 
sandals. 

Mor'phe-us, The god of sleep and 
dreams. 

MG'ses, Nine goddesses, who pre- 
sided over poetry, music, and 
the liberal "arts and sciences. 
Daughters of Jupiter and 
Mnemosyne. 

Na'iads, Nymphs of springs and 
fountains. 

Nar-cis'sus, A beautiful youth 
who slighted the love of Echo 
and other nymphs, and died for 
love of his own face as seen in 
a fountain. 

NenPe-sis, A Greek deity; the 
personification of the righteous 
anger of the gods. 

Nep'tune, The god of the sea. 

Ne're-ids, Nymphs of the sea. 

Nes'sus, A celebrated Centaur, 
whose tunic, rendered poison- 
ous by the blood that flowed 
from his wounds, caused the 
death of Hercules. 

Nes'tor, The son of Neleus and 
Chloris, one of the most perfect 
characters in Homer's Odyssey, 
distinguished for his wisdom 
and virtues. 

NPo-be, The daughter of Tanta- 
lus, who wept herself into a 
stone, through grief at the 
death of her children. 

Oe-ea'si-a, The goddess of oppor- 
tunity, feigned to have one lock 
of hair on her forehead, by 
which she must be seized, if at 
all. 

O-ce'a-nus, The most ancient god 
of the sea, and father of the 
nymphs presiding over springs 
and rivers. 

GM'i-pus, A king of Thebes who 
solved the riddle of the Sphinx, 
unwittingly killed his father, 
married his mother, and after- 
ward ran mad, and tore out his 
own eyes. 

OnPpha-le, A queen of Lydia, for 
love of whom Hercules became 
a slave, exchanged his club for 
a spindle and distaff, and suffer- 
ed himself to be beaten with 
her slipper. 

Ops, A name of Cybele. 

O-re'ades, Nymphs of the moun- 
tains who accompanied Diana 
in hunting. 

Or'phe-us, A poet, musician, and 
philosopher, whose skill in mu- 
sic was fabled to have moved 
the very rocks and trees. 

O-rPon, A celebrated hunter, 
changed after death into the 
constellation of the same name 

O-sPris, The son of Jupiter and 
Niobe, who first taught the 
Egyptians husbandry, and was 



A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE HEATHEN DEITIES, HEROES, ETC. 609 



•worshiped by them under tha 
form of an ox, called Apis. 
Os'sa, A lofty mountain of Thes- 
saly, once the residence of the 
Centaurs. It was one of the 
mountains which the giants, in 
their wars against the gods, 
heaped on one another to 
mount into heaven. 

Pa?'an. A name of Apollo. 

Pae-tolns, A celebrated river of 
Lydia. in which Midas washed 
himself when his touch turned 
every thing to gold, and from 
this it ever after rolled golden 
sands. 

Pales, The goddess of husbandry 
and feeding cattle. 

Pal-lii'di-um, A wooden image of 
Pallas, on the possession of 
which, the security of Troy 
was supposed to depend. It 
was stolen from Troy by Ulysses 
and Diomede. 

Pan, The god of shepherds, hunt- 
ers, and country sports. 

Pan-do'ra, The first created fe- 
male, endowed by Venus with 
beauty, and presented by Jupi- 
ter with a box, containing all 
kinds of misfortunes, which 
she, through curiosity, let loose 
upon the world ; only hope, re- 
maining at the bottom of the 
box. 

Par'cae, The poetical Fates. 

Paris, The son of Priam, king of 
Troy. He decided the contest 
of beauty between Juno, Pallas, 
and Venus, in favor of the lat- 
ter; who, in return, enabled 
him to carry off Helen. This 
act occasioned the Trojan war. 

Par-then'o-pe, A Syren, who 
drowned herself because she 
could not, by the sweetness of 
her voice, shipwreck Ulysses. 

Peg'a-sus, A winged steed, the 
favorite of the muses and 
Apollo. 

Pe-na'tes, Household gods, differ- 
ing from the Lares, who were 
of human origin. 

Pe-nel'o-pe, The wife of Ulysses, 
who, being pressed by suitors 
during his absence, made them 
promise to delay until she 
finished a web which she was 
then weaving, and of which 
she unraveled at night, what 
she wove by day. 

Per'dix, The nephew of Daedalus, 
thrown from a tower by his 
uncle, and changed into a par- 
tridge. 

Pha'e-ton, The son of Phcebus 
and Clymene, who obtained 
from his father permission to 
drive his chariot for a single 
day; but, being unable "to 
manage the fiery steeds, was 
hurled by Jupiter into the river 
Eridanus, to prevent a general 
conflagration. 

Phi-lo-me'la, Daughter of Pan- 
dion, King of Athens. She was 
changed into a nightingale. 

Phin'e-us, A king of Thrace, who, 
having blinded and imprisoned 
his children on a false accusa- 
tion, was himself struck blind 
and tormented by the Harpies. 



Phle'gy-as,A king of the Lapitha?, 
who, having burnt the temple 
of Apollo, was placed in hell 
under a great stone, apparently 
about to fall at every moment. 

Phce'bus, A title of Apollo, as 
god of the sun. 

Phce'nix, A fabulous bird, men- 
tioned by Herodotus as appear- 
ing but once in five hundred 
years. 

Pi-er'i-des, Name for the Muses ; 
also the daughters of Pierius, 
changed by the Muses into 
magpies for challenging them 
to sing. 

Ple'ia-des, The seven daughters 
of Atlas and Pleione, trans- 
formed into the constellation of 
that name. 

Plu'to, The god of Hades. 

Plu'tus, The god of wealth, rep- 
resented as lame in his ap- 
proach, but winged in his de- 
parture. 

Pol-y-hym / ni-a, The Muse who 
presided over singing and rhe- 
toric. 

Pol-y-phe'mus, A giant who had 
but one eye, in the middle of 
his forehead, which Ulysses 
burnt out with a firebrand, 
having first made him drunk. 

Po-mo'na, The goddess of or- 
chards and fruits. 

Pri'am, The last king of Trov. 
the father of Hector, Paris, &c. 

Pro-erus'tes, A savage robber, 
who placed his captives on a 
couch, and, if too short, 
stretched them out, but, if too 
long, cut them off to fit it. 

Pro-me'the-us, The son of Iape- 
tus, who, having stolen fire from 
heaven, was bound fast on 
mount Caucasus and tormented 
by a vulture, which fed conti- 
nually upon his liver. 

Pros'er-pine, The wife of Pluto 
and queen of Hell. 

Pro'te-us, One of the gods of the 
sea, who foretold future events, 
and possessed the power of 
transforming himself into va- 
rious shapes. 

Psyche, A nymph beloved by 
Cupid. She was made immor- 
tal by Jupiter. 

Pyr'rhus, Son of Achilles, and, 
like his father, cruel and vin- 
dictive. He distinguished him- 
self at the siege of Troy. 

Py'thon, A huge serpent, killed 
"by Apollo, who instituted the 
Pythian games in commemora- 
tion of the event. 

Quad'ri-frons, Janus, when repre- 

sented_with four faces. 
Quin-qua'tri-a, A festival in honor 

of Minerva. 
Quir-i-na'lis, One of the hills of 

Rome ; also a gate of the city. 
Qui-ri'nus, A surname of Mars 

among the Romans. 

Rax-a'na, A Persian woman taken 
prisoner by Alexander, who be- 
came enamored of her and 
married her. 

Re'inus, The brother of Romu- 
lus, exposed together with him 



by the cruelty of his grand- 
father. 

Rhad-a-man'thus, A law-giver of 
Crete, famous for his justice and 
equity ; whence he is repre- 
sented as one of the judges in 
the lower world. 

Rhe'a Sil'vi-a, The mother of 
Romulus and. Remus. 

Rhod'o-pe, A mountain in 
Thrace, covered all the year 
with snow. 

Rom'u-lus, The son of Mars and 
Rhea Silvia. He was the 
founder and first king of 
Rome. 

Ros'cius, A Roman actor of great 
celebrity. 

RuT)i-€on, A small river that 
separated Italy and Gaul. Ju- 
lius Caesar, by crossing it began 
the civil wars of his time. 

Ru-bl'go, A goddess at Rome, 
particularly worshiped by 
husbandmen, as she presided 
over corn. 

Sali-I, Priests of Mars; twelve 
in number. 

Sal-mo'ne-us, A king of Elis, 
struck by lightning for imitat- 
ing the thunder of Jove. 

Sar-dan-a-paTlus, The last king of 
Syria, whose subjects revolted 
on account of his effeminacy. 

Sat'urn, The father of Jupiter, 
who, when banished from the 
throne of heaven by his son, 
fled for safety into Italy, and 
taught the people agriculture 
and the useful arts. The time 
in which he did this is called 
The Golden Age. 

Sat-ur-na'li-a, Feasts in honor of 
Saturn, in which great license 
was allowed, and slaves were 
on an equal footing with their 
masters. 

Sem'e-le, The mother of Bacchus. 

Se-mir'a-mis, The celebrated 
Queen of Assyria, who built the 
walls of Babylon. 

Si-le'nus, The foster-father of 
Bacchus; hideously deformed 
and addicted to drunkenness, 
but regarded as the god of ab- 
struse mysteries and knowl- 
edge. 

Sis'y-phus, A noted robber, who, 
for his crimes, was condemned 
in hell to roll to the top of a 
hill a huge stone, which con- 
stantly fell back upon him. 

Som'nus, The son of Erebus and 
Nox. the god of Sleep. 

Sphinx, A fabulous monster 
which put out riddles and de- 
voured all who were unable to 
solve them; killing herself 
when GEdipus solved' one pro- 
posed to him. 
Styx, A poisonous stream on the 
borders of hell, by which the 
gods swore their most solemn 
oaths. 
Syl-va'nus, A Roman deity who 
presided over fields and cattle. 

Tan'ta-lus, A king of Lydia. who, 
for his misdeeds, was placed in 
a lake of water which receded 
whenever he attempted to 
drink; and surrounded with 



610 A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE HEATHEN DEITIES, HEROES, ETC. 



all manner of delicious fruits, 
which always eluded his grasp. 

Tiir'ta-rus, The fabled place of 
punishment in the lower 
world. 

Te-lem'a-ehus, The only son of 
Ulysses and Penelope. 

Tel'lus, The most ancient of all 
the gods after Chaos. She is 
honored under the various 
names of Cybele, Ceres, &c, 
and is represented as a woman 
with many breasts distended 
with milk, to denote the fer- 
tility of the earth. 

Tem / pe, A valley of Thessaly, 
described by the poets as the 
most delightful spot on the 
earth. 

Ter'mi-nus, A divinity at Eome, 
who was supposed to preside 
over bounds and limits, and to 
punish all unlawful usurpations 
of land. 

Terp-sieh'o-re, The Muse who 
presided over dancing. 

Tha-H'a, One of the Muses, who 
was the patroness of comedy. 

The'se-us, or The'seGs, King of 
Athens, and one of the most 
famous heroes of antiquity. 



Ti'tan, The son of Ccelus and 
Vesta or Terra, who dethroned 
his brother Saturn and kept 
him imprisoned until released 
by his son Jupiter. 

Trl'ton, The son of Neptune, and 
his trumpeter. 

Tro'i-lus, Son of Priam and He- 
cuba. 

Tyn-dar'i-da?, Sons of Tyndarus, 
viz., Castor and Pollux. 



U-lys'ses, The son of Laertes; 

the most eloquent, wise, and 

politic leader of the Greeks in 

the Trojan war. 
U-ra'ni-a, The Muse who presides 

over astronomy. 
U'ra-nus, The most ancient of the 

gods. 



Va-eu'na, The goddess of rest 

and ease. 
Ve'nus, The goddess of love, 

gracefulness, beauty, and mirth. 
Ver-tum'nus, A deity presiding 

over the seasons, particularly 

Spring. 



Ves'ta, A goddess, who, like the 
Greek Hestia, presided over 
the public and private hearth. 
Her temple contained a sacred 
fire, tended by virgins, and 
never permitted to go out. 

Vul'ean, The son of Jupiter and 
Juno, who, with the Cyclops, 
forged the thunderbolts of Jove. 
He was the god of fire, and 
presided over workers in metal. 



Xan'tho, A sea-nymph. 
Xan'thus, The Scamander, so 

called among the gods. 
Xan-tip'pe, The wife of Socrates, 

remarkable for her ill-humor 

and peevishness. 



Zeph'y-rus, One of the winds, and 
son of Astoeus and Aurora. 

Ze'tes, Son of Boreas and Orith- 
nia, and brother to Calais, to- 
gether with whom he pursued 
the Harpies. 

Ze'thus, The son of Jupiter and 
Antiope, very expert in music. 

Zeus, A name of Jupiter. 



THE END. 



tb%Ux'% f ttifimihj f itiixriiarg. 



A 

PRONOUNCING AND DEFINING 

DICTIONARY 

OF 

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 

ABRIDGED FROM 

WEBSTER'S AMERICAN DICTIONARY; 

"WITH NUMEROUS SYNONYMS, CAREFULLY DISCRIMINATED. 

BY OHAUNOEY A. GOODRICH, D.D., 

PROFESSOR IN YALE COLLEGE. 



Messrs. J. B. Lippincott & Co., of Philadelphia, have now in press, and will speedily 
publish, a work under the above title, of which they would submit to the public the accom- 
panying specimen sheets. 

This volume, while adapted to all the purposes of a medium-sized English Dictionary, has 
a specific end and object. It has been framed expressly for the benefit of those who are cul- 
tivating English Composition on a broad scale j and are desirous to gain an exact knowledge 
of our language, and a ready command of its varied forms of expression. Thousands in our 
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respondence or otherwise, have felt the want of such a volume — moderate in price and easy 
to be handled — which might lie constantly before them while engaged in the business of 
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ing brief statement of the principles on which it has been framed : 

I. The Vocabulary has been pruned of obsolete and useless words, which serve only to 
encumber the pages and enhance the price of such a volume j while the great body of the 
language in actual use has been carefully retained, and many hundreds of new words added 
in various departments of Science, Literature, and Art. 

II. The space thus gained is devoted to the Definitions. In this respect, the two larger 
editions of "Webster's Dictionary have stood unrivaled in the public estimation ,■ and the 
attempt is here made to carry the exactness of "Webster's definitions into an abridged Dic- 
tionary, on a scale never before known in a volume of this size. The most important words 
are (to a great extent) defined, not by a mere array of synonyms, but in short descriptive 
sentences or clauses, after the manner of the larger works, designed to fix and ascertain the 
meaning in clear and precise terms. 



WEBSTER'S ABRIDGED DICTIONARY. 

III. To words thus defined, Synonymous terms are added in some thousands of cases. This 
was a leading feature in the Royal Octavo edition of Webster, and is now introduced for the 
first time into a work of this size. The object is, after giving a clear conception of the pecu- 
liar import of a word, to bring others into view which have the same general signification, 
thus opening a wide range to a writer for selecting the most appropriate terms, and aiding 
him to acquire a varied and expressive diction. 

IV. Synonymous words are carefully discriminated in numerous instances. This feature 
was first introduced into a general Dictionary by Barclay, though in a very imperfect man- 
ner. Dr. Webster, in many cases, made discriminations of this kind with uncommon felicity 
in his large work ; and the same plan is here carried out and applied to many hundreds of 
the most important words in our language. The distinctive meaning of each is clearly drawn 
out; a comparison is made between them, showing the points of difference; and in most cases, 
brief illustrations are added, which are useful and appropriate when connected with a previous 
discrimination, but commonly futile or deceptive without it. In making these discrimina- 
tions, some peculiarities of American usage are pointed out, which deserve the attention of 
our writers. 

V. Great care has been bestowed on the Pronunciation. Distinguished Orthoepists, both 
in England and America, have been consulted on doubtful points ; and statements will be 
found in the remarks on this subject, throwing light (it is believed) on some questions which 
have been much debated in this country. 

VI. The Orthography, in disputed cases, is given to a great extent loth ways, though with 
a clear indication of the form to be preferred on the principles of Dr. Webster. Those prin- 
ciples, as exhibited in the Revised Editions of his Dictionary, embrace only a few limited 
classes of words. In every instance, the form preferred has been sanctioned by distinguished 
English Grammarians and Orthoepists, such as Lowth, Walker, Perry, &g. The sole object 
has been to maintain and carry out the acknowledged analogies of our language. With both 
forms thus before him, every one will decide for himself which to adopt. 

VII. An Appendix is added, containing — 

1. Walker's Key to the Pronunciation of Classical and Scripture Proper Names., revised 
and improved. 

2. A Vocabulary of Modern Geographical Names, prepared expressly for this work by 
Joseph Thomas, M.D., whose distinguished success as editor of Lippincott's Pronouncing 
Gazetteer, gives the best possible pledge of accuracy in this most difficult department of 
literary effort. 

3. Tables giving a full account of the abbreviations used in writing and printing. 

4. A collection of Latin, French, and Italian words and phrases of frequent occurrence, 
with translations of the same. 

5. An account of the principal Deities and Heroes of Antiquity. 

The whole is designed to form a complete booh of reference for the use of all who consult a 
work of this nature. It will be published about mid-summer, or soon after. 



UNABRIDGED IN WORDS, 

Retail price, in substantial Binding, Time Dollars and Fifty Cents. 

WEBSTER'S 

EOYAL OCTAVO DICTIONARY, 

REVISED AND ENLARGED, 

Containing all the Words in the Quarto Edition, and an important feature, not found 
in any other work — an arrangement of Synonyms under the leading words. 

BY CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, D.D., 

PROFESSOR IN TALE COLLEGE. 



The demand for an edition of Webster's Dictionary, full, comprehensive, and of conve- 
nient size for daily reference, has led to the preparation of the Royal Octavo. The great 
favor with which it has been received, both in this country and England, is the best evidence 
of the value of the work. 

The price brings it within the reach of all who desire a complete Dictionary. 



THIS EDITION EXHIBITS 

I. The Origin, Orthography, Pronunciation, and Definitions of all words acknowledged by the 
most eminent Lexicographers as properly belonging to the English Language, with many 
idioms and phrases from the Latin and other foreign tongues. 

II. An arrangement of Synonyms under the leading words ; a new and characteristic feature, 
designed to facilitate the practice of correct and elegant composition, and one not found in 
any other work. 

III. A Synopsis of words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists, including Walker, 
Perry, Jameson, Knowles, Smart, and Worcester. 

IV. Walker's Key to the pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture proper names. 

V. A Vocabulary of Modern Geographical Names, with their pronunciation, by J. Thomas, 
M.D., Editor of " Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer." 

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advantage to persons engaged in literary compositions." — Leeds Times. 

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noble language, including an immense mass of philologic matter — copious Vocabularies of Scriptural, 
Mythologic, and Geographic names — we can cordially recommend the volume before us." — London j9tlas. 

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li This edition cf "Webster is all that could be desired. Etymologically, it is superior to any that has pre- 
ceded it, and is in this department of lexicographic labor, a monument of labor and research."— N. T. Com- 
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J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 

No. 20 North Fourth Street, Philadelphia. 



DISCRIMINATIONS OF SYNONYMOUS WOEDS. 



With a view to brevity, the words here discriminated are given detached from the connection 
in which they stand in the Dictionary. 



BANK NOTE, BANK BILL— In America, 
these words are confounded. In England, a 
bank-note is payable on demand, and forms 
part of the currency; a bank-bill is payable at 
some future specified time, and is negotiable 
paper. 

ASSENT, CONSENT.— Assent is an act of 
the understanding; consent, of the will or feel- 
ings. We assent to a statement or a proposi- 
tion ; we consent to a proposal. Assent, how- 
ever, may apply to the case of a proposal 
involving but little interest or feeling : a lady 
may assent to a gentleman's opening the 
window, but she must consent to marry him. 

TO CONVINCE, TO PERSUADE. — To 
convince is an act of the understanding; to 
persuade, of the will or feelings. The one is 
effected by argument, the other by motives. 
When we say, " I am persuaded it is so," "I 
cannot persuade myself of the fact," there is a 
degree of feeling mingled with the conviction 
which gives rise to the expression. 

DISSEMBLER, HYPOCRITE.— A dissem- 
bler conceals what he is ; a hypocrite feigns to 
be what he is not. When Andre passed within 
the American lines in a citizen's dress, he was 
a dissembler ; Arnold, whom he went to visit, 
had long been a hypocrite. 

SIN, CRIME, VICE. — Sin is generic, em- 
bracing wickedness of every kind. Crime is a 
violation of law, and springs from our passions ; 
vice, from the inordinate indulgence of natural 
appetites, which in themselves are innocent. 
Intemperance is a vice, sometimes leading to 
the crime of murder. 

DESIGN, INTENTION, PURPOSE.— 
Design (lit., plan,) has reference to something 
aimed at; intention (lit., straining after,) to 
the feelings or desires with which it is sought; 
purpose, to a settled choice or determination 
for its attainment. " I had no design to injure 
you," means, it was no part of my aim or 
object. "I had no intention to injure you," 
means, I had no wish or desire of that kind. 
" My purpose was directly the reverse," makes 
the case still stronger. 

COWARD, CRAVEN, POLTROON, DAS- 
TARD. — Coward is supposed to have been 
originally turn-tail (culum-vertere) ; a craven 
is literally one who begs off, or shrinks at the 
approach of danger; a poltroon (paltry,; is a 
mean-spirited coward; dastard is one of the 
strongest terms of reproach in our language. 

CUNNING, ARTFUL, SLY, CRAFTY, 
WILY. — Cunning is usually low, as a cunning 
trick; artful, more ingenious and inventive, 
as an artful device; sly implies a turn for what 
is double or concealed, as sly humor, a sly eva- 
sion ; crafty, a talent for dextrously deceiving, 
as a crafty manager ; wily, a talent for the use 
of stratagems, as a wily politician. 



INDUSTRY, DILIGENCE.— Industry has 
the wider sense of the two, implying an 
habitual devotion to labor for some valuable 
end, as knowledge, property, &c. ; diligence 
(from diligo, to prefer or love,) denotes earnest 
application to some specific object or pursuit. 
A man may be diligent for a time, or in seek- 
ing some favorite end, without meriting the 
title of industrious. Such was the case with 
Fox, while Burke was eminent not only for 
diligence, but industry; he was always at 
work, and always looking out for some new 
field of mental effort. 

EARNEST, PLEDGE. — An earnest, like 
first-fruits, gives assurance that more is 
coming of the same kind ; a pledge, like money 
deposited, affords security and ground of reli- 
ance. Washington gave earnest of his talent 
as a commander, by saving his troops after 
Braddock's defeat; his fortitude, and that of 
his soldiers during the winter at Valley Forge, 
were a pledge of their ultimate triumph. 

DESTINED, BOUND.— We may speak of 
goods as destined to a certain port, and of a 
ship as bound thither. We may also speak 
of a particular city as destined to become a 
great emporium; but to say it is bound to 
become so, or that a man is bound to succeed 
in life, is a gross abuse of language. Bound 
always implies some obligation or engagement; 
and yet the above use of the word is common 
in some parts of our country, and is finding 
its way into our newspapers. 

DEFECT, FAULT.— Defect is negative, 
denoting the absence of that which is neces- 
sary to a thing's completeness or perfection ; 
fault is positive, denoting something improper 
or wrong. The faults of a friend are too often 
palliated into mere defects. 

LUCID, LUMINOUS. — A thing is lucid 
(from lux, lucis,) when pervaded by light, as 
a lucid stream; it is luminous (from lumen, 
luminis,) when it sends forth light to surround- 
ing objects, as a luminous body. Hence, we 
speak of an argument as lucid, when it is re- 
markably clear; and as luminous, when it 
pours upon a subject the mingled light of 
ming and illustration. 

GENEROSITY, MAGNANIMITY. — In 

generosity there is more of heart; in magna- 
nimity, more of soul. The former is the virtue 
of an individual; the latter, of one who is ele- 
vated by rank or influence. Magnanimity is 
shown not only by giving, but by enduring — 
by sacrificing one's feelings and interests, or 
yielding up one's claims, for the accomplish- 
ment of some noble object. " Strike, but hear 
me," has, in like circumstances, been the 
response of magnanimity in every age. 



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